Blog 8.24.2012 No Comments's first-ever SolidWorks API programming contest has come to a close. Some of the finest API programmers out there stepped up to the challenge described in our last post: Write a macro in as few lines as possible that discovers and displays a single message box listing the children of all part components in the assembly. Without further adieu, here are the results:
1. Ivana K. (15 lines)
2. Josh B. (19 lines)
3. Jeff Z. (20 lines)
4. Satheesh P. (26 lines)
5. Matteo O. (28 lines)
6. Anonymous (57 lines)
Congratulations, Ivana! You will receive a $100 gift card to or one of its international affiliates. Josh and Jeff will each receive a $50 gift card as well. Many thanks to all who participated!
Download Ivana K's solution
The Solution
Writing a top-tier macro that meets the contest requirements involves three challenges, in my opinion.
The first challenge is simply determining how to obtain the children of a part component. Its not as simple as you might think. IComponent2::GetChildren only returns child components, not child features, which means that on a part component this method returns an empty array. To get the children, we actually need to get the IFeature pointer than corresponds to the part component and then use IFeature::GetChildren. This method returns whatever is listed in the Parent/Child dialog box of a part component. The lesson is, a component is considered a feature by the SolidWorks API. With that in mind, we know to traverse the assembly as a set of features rather than components.
The second challenge is understanding how to write recursive functions. Recursion refers to a function referencing itself. A great example of recursion can be seen in the API Help example Traverse Assembly at Component and Feature Levels Using Recursion. Indeed, many contestants used a heavily-trimmed version of this macro as a means of traversing the FeatureManager tree. Recursion lets a programmer re-use code, which can result in having to write fewer lines of code overall. Such was the case with this macro.
The third challenge is knowing tricks and shortcuts within the VBA or VB.NET programming language to remove as many lines as possible. Ivana's winning solution illustrates this well:
 1. The text displayed in ISldWorks::SendMsgToUser2 is actually the return value of the getNames functions.
 2. Most of the variable names are declared as function arguments or as For Each loop elements, instead of on their own line. (Note that declaring variables in For Each loops is only possible in VB.NET.)
 3. Automatic type-casting is used to reduce the number of variable declarations. For example, using "swMod.FeatureByName(c.Name2).getchildren" to get the child features of a component.
 4. Use AndAlso and OrElse operators (available in VB.NET) to effectively squish two conditional statements into one line. Normal And and Or operators require all statements to be verified, whereas AndAlso and OrElse will begin executing the statements contained within the conditional once the outcome is guaranteed. So in Ivana's case, the following logic was applied to each component in the assembly: If the component is a sub-assembly then traverse its features, or, if the component has child features then it must be a part component so add the names of those child features to the final results string.
We can see, then, that VB.NET does offer some significant advantages in terms of reducing line length.
(Note: Should you desire to count the lines in the winning solution on your own, keep in mind that comments, blank lines, Imports statements, and Class declarations are not counted. Also, lines containing 2 or more variables declarations on the same line are counted as separate lines.)
Do know of any alternate solutions or have any questions about the solution we discussed? Please share below.
Until next time,
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A NOVA Bomb is a very high-yield combination of nine nuclear fusion warheads used by the United Nations Space Command.
The NOVA Bomb is a cluster of nine nuclear fusion warheads encased in a lithium triteride case. When the warheads are activated, the lithium triteride shell focuses the blast in upon itself, multiplying the destructive power a hundredfold. This gives the NOVA Bomb an unprecedented payload for its size. Its capability to destroy a planet has earned it the nickname "planet-killer."
The NOVA Bomb was intended to be used in space against the Covenant Fleet during the Battle of Reach. It was left on Reach and "repurposed" by Admiral Whitcomb. His reasoning was that "either the Covenant pack those bombs up and take them home for study, a possibility that I hope to God happens. A bomb like that could crack their homeworld in two. Or, the bombs stay here and they'll stop the Covenant on Reach."
A NOVA Bomb was accidentally detonated by a group of Huragok stationed on the Covenant Sublime Transcendence. Immediately after Kwassass deciphered Admiral Whitcomb's message, a Huragok, through their curiosity and frenzied obsession, fixed the circuitry of the bomb, detonating it despite Kwassass's attempts to stop them. The Huragok completed the detonation timer's circuit, which promptly resulted in its activation. The resulting explosion occurred between a Covenant outpost planet Joyous Exultation and its moon, Malhiem, scorching half of the planet and shattering the moon. The resulting winds on Joyous Exultation flattened cities and spawned tidal waves. Radiation flooded the planet and killed everything living on it, penetrating the surface of the planet to its core. Every ship within the NOVA Bomb's range, save for those on the opposite side of the planet, boiled and vaporized in an instant. The planet is no longer capable of supporting life.
The NOVA Bomb explosion completely destroyed three-fifths of the fleet that was there, totaling over 300 ships. Eighteen Destroyers, two Cruisers, one Carrier and the Flagship Incorruptible escaped the NOVA Bomb explosion due to a Slipspace jump en masse just seconds prior to the explosion. Other ships arrived from Joyous Exultation to reinforce the Incorruptible, suggesting that they escaped the bomb's detonation as a result of being positioned on the opposite side of the planet. The novel describes the explosion as though "a small star erupted between Joyous Exultation and its moon."
During the Battle of Installation 05, and the subsequent Quarantine of the Installation and High Charity, Cortana requested that UNSC HIGHCOM deploy a NOVA Bomb around Installation 05 and High Charity to stop the outbreak of the Flood and in order to destroy the Covenant Holy Capital.
However, this request was not granted likely due to the low number of nuclear warheads left and their need to protect the Inner colonies. High Charity was not bombed and later landed on Installation 00. It is also possible that this request was granted, but that High Charity went into Slipspace before the warhead could even be launched. However this last possibility is highly unlikely because a nuclear warhead is very easily spotted when transitioning from a Slipspace jump because of the massive amount of Cherenkov radiation that is emitted during the final transition. Cherenkov radiation is observed during a transition of fissile materials such as plutonium and uranium from Slipspace. Fusion requires both deuterium and tritium (or in the case of "dry" bombs lithium which produces tritium when bombarded by neutrons). These elements would not emit Cherenkov radiation and thus a pure fusion bomb would not be detected when exiting Slipspace, but NOVA Bombs are stated to be thermonuclear weapons and thus use fission at various steps to create the temperatures and pressures necessary to initiate fusion. It is also possible that there were few NOVA bombs because it was only a prototype, but a dangerous one at that.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Use gall in a sentence
- To Elizabeth it was gall and wormwood.
- When he began his talk he hoped to be able to gall them a little and get a trifle of malicious entertainment out of it.
- Was this the harsh bitter woman whose heart seemed filled with gall, whose tongue cut like a dagger every one against whom she used it?
- This American was going to conquer like Cortez, but his name was Thomas Tilman Lacey, and he had a lot of gall.
- How does it gall?
- It stirs my gall to think that her sacred purity can arouse unholy thoughts.
- Suspense is very gall and wormwood.
- Its destination was gall and wormwood both to Carmen and her husband.
- They say that busts the gall of drownded folks, and makes the corpse rise.
- My gall overflows at your whimpering.
- For his sins and weaknesses there had been no gall and vinegar to drink.
This page helps answer: how do I use the word gall in a sentence? How do you use gall in a sentence? Can you give me a sentence for the word gall? It may also be related to home school schools, teachings, schooling skool, educations, homeschool, degree, and find school.
Example sentences with the word gall, a sentence example for gall, and gall in sample sentence.


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Club Atletico de Madrid
Atlético Madrid were originally founded on the 26th of April in 1903 as Athletic Club de Madrid by three Basque students living in Madrid. These three students saw the new club as a youth branch of their childhood team, Athletic Bilbao. As such, they played in blue and white. However, by 1911 Athletic Club de Madrid were playing in their current colours of red and white. One story claims that due to red and white cloth being used to make bed mattresses, shirts could be easily made from any spare material and were therefore cheaper to buy. This is the origin of one of the club's nicknames: Los Colchoneros, meaning the mattress makers. Another story, arguably more plausible, states that Juanito Elorduy, a former player and member of the board, went to England to buy the blue and white kits of Blackburn Rovers for both Athletic Madrid and Bilbao. He did not find Blackburn Rovers' blue and white kits and instead bought Southampton's red and white kits. Athletic Bilbao adopted the full kit, with red and white shirts and black shorts, whilst Athletic Madrid only adopted the shirts and kept the blue shorts. This lead to the nickname Los Rojiblancos.
It wasn't until 1921 that Athletic Madrid became independent of Athletic Bilbao. As part of this interdependency, a company known as Compańía Urbanizadora Metropolitana – the company that ran the underground communication system in Madrid – built a 35,800 capacity stadium named the Estadio Metropollitano de Madrid. The stadium was used until 1966, when the club moved into current stadium Estadio Vicente Calderón.
Birth of Atlético de Madrid
During the 1920s, Athletic won the Campeonato del Centro three times and were runners-up in the Copa del Rey on two occasions in 1921 and 1926. Based on this record, they were invited to join the inaugural La Liga in 1928. They were relegated only after two seasons to the Segunda División. They returned to La Liga briefly in 1934, before being relegated again in 1936. Fortunately, the Spanish Civil War gave Athletic a reprieve. Real Oviedo was unable to play due to the destruction of their stadium during the bombings. Thus, both La Liga and Athletic's relegation were postponed, the latter by winning a play-off against CA Osasuna, champions of the Segunda División.
By the time La Liga resumed in 1939, Athletic had merged with Aviación Nacional of Zaragoza to become Athletic Aviación de Madrid. Aviación Nacional had been founded in 1939 by members of the Spanish Air Force. They had been promised a place in the Primera División for the 1939/1940 season, only to be denied by the RFEF. As a compromise, Aviación Nacional merged with Athletic Club de Madrid who had lost eight players in the Spanish Civil War. As a replacement for Real Oviedo, Athletic Aviación were awarded a place in the 1939/1940 Primera División. Under the management of the legendary Ricardo Zamora, the club won their first La Liga title that season and then retained the title in 1941. In the very same year, a decree issued by Franco banned teams from using foreign names and the club became known as Atlético Aviación de Madrid. In 1947, the club decided to drop the military association from its name and settled on its current name of Club Atlético de Madrid. This marked the beginning of Atlético's golden era.
Atlético's Golden Era
Under Helenio Herrera and with the help of Labri Benbarek, Atlético won La Liga again in 1950 and 1951. With the departure of Herrera in 1953, Atlético began to slip behind Real Madrid and Barcelona. For the remainder of the 1950's, they were left to battle it out with Athletic Bilbao for the title of third best team in Spain.
During the 1960s and 1970s, Atlético Madrid seriously challenged Barcelona of the position of second best team. They finished second in La Liga in 1958/1959 and managed to qualify for the European Cup, since Real Madrid were the reigning European champions. Atlético reached the semi-finals after beating Drumcondra, CSKA Sofia and Schalke. They played rivals Real Madrid in the semi's, losing the replay 2-1 after the original match ended 2-2 on aggregate. Atlético would gain their revenge when they defeated Real Madrid in two Copa del Rey finals in 1960 and 1961, under the management of former Real coach José Villalonga no less. They won the 1962 European Cup Winners Cup, beating Fiorentina 3-0 after a replay. In 1963, the club reached the final but was thrashed by English side Tottenham Hotspur 5-1.
Unfortunately for Atlético, they only managed to win the La Liga title on four more occasions between the years of 1961 and 1980, with Real Madrid winning the competition an outstanding 14 times during that period. Atlético won the Copa del Rey a further three times and in 1965, became the first club to beat Real Madrid at the Bernabéu in eight years.
Atlético would again win the Copa del Rey in 1985 under former player Luis Aragonés, thanks largely to striker Hugo Sánchez who won the Pichichi that year. Even after Sánchez left for Real Madrid a year later, Atlético won the Supercopa de Espańa in 1985.
It was in the year 1987 that controversial politician and businessman Jesús Gil became club president. Atlético had not won La Liga for ten years and were desperate for league success. Gil immediately spent heavily, bringing in players such as Paulo Futre from Porto. However, all of the spending only succeeded in bringing two consecutive Copa del Rey trophies in 1991 and 1992. As a result, Gil developed a ruthless reputation due to the manner in which he ran the club, particularly with managers. He had hired and fired a number of coaches, such as César Luis Menotti, Ron Atkinson, Javier Clemente, Tomislav Ivić and club legend Luis Aragonés. Significantly, Gil closed down Atlético's youth academy in 1992; a move which saw 15-year old academy member Raúl González Blanco move to Real Madrid and achieve worldwide fame.
A narrow escape of relegation in 1996 prompted a wholesale squad change. Now under Radomir Antić, Atlético finally won La Liga as well as another Copa del Rey trophy.
In December 1999, Gil and his board got suspended pending investigation into the misuse of club funds and government-appointed administrator José Manuel Rubí began running Atlético's day to day operations. With the removal of club president Jesús Gil and his board, the club floundered and the players put in disastrous performances. Then coach Claudio Ranieri handed in his resignation with the club in 17th spot out of 20 and heading towards relegation. The return of Antić for the third coaching stint failed to prevent the inevitable. Despite reaching the Copa del Rey final, Atlético were relegated.
Rising Once Again
Atlético spent two seasons in the Segunda División, narrowly missing out on promotion in 2001 before winning the Segunda División in 2002. It was again Luis Aragonés, in his last spell as a manager of Atlético, who brought Atlético to the Primera División. He also coached the team during the next season, being the one who gave Fernando Torres the opportunity to make his début in La Liga, at the Camp Nou against F.C. Barcelona in a 2–2 draw
Fernando Torres left Atlético for Liverpool in 2007 for a fee of Ł26,500,000. During this time, Atlético signed Diego Forlán from Villareal, Simăo from Benfica and José Antonio Reyes from Arsenal to join the likes of Luis García, Costinha, Maniche and young Argentine striker Sergio "Kun" Agüero. With Javier Aguirre in charge, the club had one of their most successful seasons in the past decade, reaching the last 32 of the UEFA Cup, the quarter-finals of the Copa del Rey and finished 4th in La Liga, qualifying for the UEFA Champions League for the first time since 1996/1997.
Javier Aguirre was dismissed in 2009 after a horrible start to the 2008/2009 campaign, though he claims he was released by mutual termination. The decision sparked public outrage, with many believing the Mexican not to be cause of their problems. Diego Forlán in particular believed the players were not playing well and that Aguirre was wrongly dismissed. Abel Resino replaced Aguirre and the club finished 4th again that season.
However, the 2009/2010 season started poorly with many defeats and goals conceded. Resino was eventually sacked and replaced by Quique Sánchez Flores. Despite still not performing to expectations in La Liga, Atlético managed to qualify for the UEFA Europa League by finishing third in their Champions League group. They went on to win the tournament, defeating Liverpool in the semi-finals and then Fulham in the final. It was their first European success since the 1961/1962 European Cup Winners' Cup win. They also reached the Copa del Rey final for the first time since 1996, but were defeated by

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Robert Altman
Paul Verhoeven Biography
Home > Actors > V > Verhoeven, Paul > Biography
Birth Name: Paul Verhoeven
Born: 07/18/1938
Birth Place: Netherlands
Verhoeven spent his childhood in the Nazi-occupied Netherlands, and the wartime visions of fire in the sky and death became imprinted on the future filmmaker's consciousness. Though he earned a doctorate in mathematics and physics at the University of Leiden, he put his heart in film, having feasted on action-packed American fare since his youth, as well as enjoying a passing fascination with the French New Wave and the films of Fellini. Verhoeven had directed a series of shorts before service in the Royal Dutch Navy film corps forever turned him from the academic life. After first making documentaries for Dutch TV, he moved into fiction, gaining attention for the medieval series "Floris", starring Rutger Hauer. His feature debut came in 1971 with "Business Is Business", but it was "Turkish Delight" (1973), Oscar-nominated for Best Foreign Film, which established his credentials. The erotic, satirical study of a marriage between a sculptor (Hauer) and a middle-class girl (Monique van de Ven) scored at the domestic and international box office, although some saw the seeds of pornography in this early art-house success.
Verhoeven fashioned his varied Dutch oeuvre working with several valued collaborators: Rob Houwer produced his first four features, screenwriter Gerard Soeteman wrote or co-scripted all his pictures through his first English-language film ("Flesh + Blood" 1985) and Jan de Bont was the cinematographer of choice before Jost Vacano joined the team for "Soldier of Orange" (1979). (Though de Bont would collaborate on three more films with Verhoeven, he would replace Vacano for only "Basic Instinct" among the director's first five Hollywood films.) "Keetje Tippel" (1975), the follow-up to "Turkish Delight", again starred Hauer and van de Ven who played a poor-but-determined young woman who struggles against all odds (even becoming a prostitute) to climb the social ladder in 19th Century Amsterdam. With "Soldier of Orange", Verhoeven delivered a rousing World War II story with plenty of action, reminiscent of US war films of the late 1940s and 50s. Hauer came into his own as the handsome aristocrat who reluctantly joins the Dutch Resistance, and Jeroen Krabbe, in his first of three performances for the director, pushed Hauer for acting honors, dying at the hands of the Nazis after exacting his measure of revenge.
For "Spetters" (1980), a gritty look at a teenage motorcycle gang, Verhoeven and Soeteman returned to formula: squeezing in as much sex as possible without crossing into hardcore, relieved by quick action so the audience never feels like a voyeur. Though both Hauer and Krabbe were present in small roles, Renee Soutendijk stole the film as the little sexpot who will sleep with anyone to advance her career in the fish-and-chips business, setting the stage for her starring role as a scissors-wielding hairdresser in the psycho-sexual thriller "The Fourth Man" (1982). Castration-anxiety abounded in the film, and whether Soutendijk has murdered three husbands or not, she definitely messes up the mind of gay writer Krabbe when he tries to investigate. Though it generated little critical enthusiasm in Holland, it garnered the greatest international attention yet for the director, leading to "Flesh + Blood", a rowdy swashbuckler set in 16th Century Europe. Possessing plenty of its promised titular gore, it paired Hauer with Jennifer Jason Leigh but scored points only for its sheer audacity.
Verhoeven went to Hollywood and teamed with producer Jon Davison, screenwriter Ed Neumeier and special effects guru Phil Tippett on "RoboCop". For his first stab at science fiction, he had envisioned the future in the tradition of "Blade Runner", but the paltry budget was enough only for the very necessary RoboCop costume and the fantastic stop-motion animation of opponent ED-209. Jettisoning his elaborate production design, Verhoeven shot it straight in Dallas (standing in for a not so futuristic Detroit), and turned the film into a heavy-metal comedy with more than a few caustic things to say about the progressive dehumanization of civilization. The success of "RoboCop" insured there would be more than enough money for the sci-fi summer blockbuster "Total Recall", a big, loud comic book of a movie adapted from Philip K Dick's "We Can Remember It for You Wholesale". Although the project had languished in developmental hell for 10 years with different directors, Arnold Schwarzenegger's box-office clout finally got it off the ground, and Verhoeven fashioned an ambiguous twist to make Dick proud. Does Arnold really go to Mars, destroy the dictatorship and save the world? Or does he just dream it?
Sharon Stone had played Arnold's wife in "Total Recall", and though she was not the director's first choice for the role of kinky murder suspect Catherine Trammell in "Basic Instinct", she nailed it with her brazenly sexual and cold-blooded portrayal. Audacious, erotic and larger-than-life, "Basic Instinct" falls short of its vastly superior prototype "The Fourth Man", but it still kept audiences guessing to the final shot. The sexual tension Verhoeven managed to get on screen was a by-product of his own unconsummated love-hate relationship with Stone. As he explained to MOVIELINE (October 1995): "Everything I felt and everything she felt for me is in the movie. It was not consumed in bed. That's the victory. It was translated to art." Screenwriter Joe Eszterhas, happy to bask in the box office glow of "Basic Instinct", wasted no time, however, breaking ranks from "Showgirls" to publicly denounce it, causing the director to question his character.
Reuniting with his "RoboCop" team, Verhoeven roared back into Hollywood favor with the sci-fi blockbuster "Starship Troopers", about a highly-trained force sent to fight an invasion of insect-like aliens. The resounding failure of "Showgirls" did not prevent him from getting $100 million to make what is essentially a war movie, characterized by screenwriter Neumeier as "'Full Metal Jacket' meets 'Them!' in the style of 'RoboCop'." Very little of that big budget went to its cast of relative unknowns, including Dina Meyer, Denise Richards, Jake Busey and Casper Van Dien, but what the film lacked in star power, it made up in fire power, featuring 500 digital special effects shots of bugs, explosions and flames, as well as the "old-fashioned technique" of using miniature models for the spaceships. In all, more than 250 artists and technicians worked under the skilled supervision of Tippett. Accustomed to courting controversy, Verhoeven refused to make a mere popcorn movie and drew on his genuinely subversive streak to depict the good guy humanoids as fresh-faced fascists. After a three-year absence, Verhoeven returned to the big screen with the sci-fi tinged "The Hollow Man" (2000), focusing on a trio of scientists (two men and a woman) who discover a potion for invisibility. When one of the males consumes it, he begins to stalk the others who have begun a love affair. Boasting a cast headed by Kevin Bacon, Elisabeth Shue (who injured her foot causing shooting delays) and Josh Brolin, it allowed Verhoeven to once again combine eroticism, thrills and special effects.


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A minute is a customary unit of time. It is equal to 60 seconds. There are 60 minutes in an hour. Unlike the second, the minute is not an SI unit.
A minute is also 160 of a degree. In this context, a minute is also called an arcminute, and is written with the [math]'[/math] symbol.[1][2]
For example, the Sun and Moon both have angular diameters of about 30 arcminutes—when seen from Earth.[3]
Related pages
 1. "List of Geometry and Trigonometry Symbols" (in en-US). 2020-04-17. _URL_
 2. Weisstein, Eric W.. "Arc Minute" (in en). _URL_
 3. "Arcminute | COSMOS". _URL_


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Students focus on the specific issues facing Maciene School, in particular the education and experience of female students.
How are students going to help improve education for girls in Mozambique?
- To learn about the experience and education of female students in Maciene school
Main activity 1
Introduce the theme using the Girls in Maciene Powerpoint Girls at Maciene School U2L3
Pupils discuss the following questions:
Why do you think orphan girls leave school earlier than boys?
How much do you think it will cost to educate someone for five years?
The teacher then reveals the answers and the pupils give their responses to this:
- Girls leave earlier for a number of reasons but mostly because of cost meaning that they can't afford to live but also because they get pregnant.
- It costs £200 to educate someone for five years (£40 per year)
Main Activity 2
Pupils design a leaflet to advertise a fundraising activity which will help girls get access to education in Mozambique. They must make the poster/leaflet eye catching, factual and colourful.
Students share their examples of leaflets. They then THINK/PAIR/SHARE their ideas for how to increase awareness
- All students will be able to give one reason why girls leave School earlier than boys at Maciene
- Most students will be able to advocate for the girls at Maciene
- Some students will be able to come up with innovative ways to raise awareness for girls at Maciene
Resources and Points to Note
Girls at Maciene PPT Girls at Maciene School U2L3
- Cultural differences in gender identity & morality
(Jesus' inclusion of women cf. their exclusion in cultural context/ Paul 'there is neither male nor female in Christ' – Galatians 3.28)
- Gender equality
(Above plus: Genesis 1.27)
- Competing choices for education
(e.g. Mary and Martha – Luke 10.38-42)


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Units Of Measure
Today's topic is units of measure (those words and symbols that come after numbers).
Page 1 of 2
Today's topic is units of measure—those words and symbols that come after numbers.
Put a Space Between Numbers and Units of Measure
This first point may seem self-evident: you put a space between the number and the unit of measure. Even though it seems obvious, I'm telling you because I've seen people do it wrong, and there are also exceptions to the rule.
For example, if you want to say you threw a ball 100 feet, there is a space between the number 100 and the whole word feet. Obvious, right? But what if you use the abbreviation ft. instead of the word feet? It's the same rule: there's a space between 100 and ft., and if you just think of the abbreviation as the word, it should be easy to remember, but I've seen them squished together without a space many times.
Most style guides do recommend writing out units of measure (e.g., the word feet instead of the abbreviation ft.) unless you are writing a technical or scientific document, but abbreviations are acceptable in tables in other kinds of writing too.
Degrees and Percentages
Sometimes I think people get confused because there are a few exceptions to that rule—percent, degrees, and foot and inch symbols—but it helps to remember that these exceptions occur when you are using symbols instead of abbreviations. For example, if you are writing out the words 100 degrees, there is a space between the number 100 and the word degrees, but if you are using the degree symbol, that little superscript circle, you butt it right up against the number without any spaces in between (100°—no space). The same holds true if you want to use the percent sign. Even though you use a space when you are writing out the word percent, if you use the percent sign, it goes right after the number without any spaces (100%—no space). It's the same for the foot and inch symbols (those little prime and double prime marks). If you write four feet five inches with symbols (4'5''), it's written all together.
Units of Measure in Compound Modifiers
For the next point, let's go back to talking about feet. The singular is obviously foot, and the plural is usually feet, but when you are using it as a compound modifier, you use the singular. For example, you would say that Squiggly climbed a tree that was 10 feet tall.* But you don't say Squiggly ran up a 10-feet tree—you say Squiggly ran up a 10-foot tree. I don't have a good explanation for why—that's just the way it is. (If you know why, please leave a comment!) That's also true for other units of measure such as inches and pounds. Squiggly was running from a 100-pound monster, and he was terrified of its 10-inch tentacles.
Similarly, the abbreviations for units of measure are the same whether the units are singular or plural. The abbreviation is ft. whether it is foot or feet. Occasionally you will see an s after the abbreviation for pounds, lbs. For example, the AP Stylebook notes that lbs. is sometimes used in sports such as weightlifting, (1) but in most cases, the s isn't necessary.
Should You Put a Period After Abbreviations?
Although it's technically a style choice, most US style guides recommend putting periods after abbreviations for English units of measure such as feet, inches, and pounds. (2, 3) In general, it's more common to use periods in the US than in Britain. (4) With the metric system, or more formally the International System of Units, you never use a period after the abbreviations. (5)
Next: Why Is Pound Abbreviated "Lb"?


text: Xylitol is anti-fungal and can help control thrush, sore tongue or denture sore mouth. Debilitated and sick people often have sores at the corners of their mouth (angular cheilitis), a condition that xylitol can also help. A solution of 4 grams of granular xylitol in 16 oz. of warm water can be made and sipped throughout the day and night. This solution may alternatively be sprayed into the mouth or wiped onto teeth with a cloth or sponge.


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For titles of quantity recipes on this site for cooking and OAMC, check Getting Out the Big Pots
and The Pantry
Tips for scaling or adapting family recipes for quantity cooking
The simplest recipe for large scale cooking is one that is already developed. Food service, catering, and quantity cooking sources and cookbooks have many choices.
To produce a large amount of food using a family-style recipe, some recipes are "batched": a regular or doubled recipe is made several times, until there is enough for the expected group. Other recipes are "scaled" or multiplied with some adaptation, and the entire recipe is made at once.
Whether batching or scaling recipes, there are some strategies for getting good results:
- Baking powder and soda, spices and salt increase less than other ingredients. Try increasing only 1 1/2 when a recipe is doubled and increase times 2 when a recipe is quadrupled.
- Maintain the proportions of depth to height on pots, pans and baking pans. Especially important with baking pans!
- Limit the depth of food in baked dishes to 2 inches to make sure that the food heats rapidly and evenly, keeping the ingredients to the same depth as the pan originally called for. For a half or double recipe, use a pan that has half or double the volume of the one called for in the original recipe.
- If you cannot keep the pan contents to the original depth, then adjust the time, temperature and amount of liquid accordingly. If the enlarged recipe has a lot of liquid and contents are deeper than the original, increase the time and slightly decrease the liquid.
- When the pan is filled shallower for dishes that have a lot of liquid, you will probably need to shorten the cooking time and add a little more liquid. If the baking pan is shallower, shorten the time and raise the temperature a bit.
- When baking an increased recipe in a double size (13"x20") baking pan, drop the oven temperature 15-25 degrees and increase baking time, to allow center to cook without burning edges.
- When cooking more than one dish in the oven at the same time, allow for more cooking time and raise the oven temperature by about 25 degrees. If baking half a recipe of cake, bread or pie,
the cooking time will be more than halfabout two-thirds to three-quarters of the original.
- Preheat the oven fully, so the bottom of the baking pan is not burned by the heat rising from the heating element at the beginning of the cooking time.
- Cold or chilled ingredients increase baking time up to double. Do not turn up the oven heat. Preheating liquids- a microwave is handy here, if you use onewill cut baking time back toward normal.
- Use an instant thermometer to make sure that the center of the dish reaches a safe 165 degrees.
Scaling recipes: limits and tips
It is safest to increase or decrease a recipe by multiplying or dividing by any number under 4. If unfamiliar with a recipe, stay strictly within a factor of 2. Food chemistry prevents scaling recipes of foods leavened with egg whites (delicate foods such as soufflés), baked items requiring yeast such as breads, and recipes that prepare a single large item to divide into smaller portions such as cakes, pies, quick breads and whole turkey.
For recipes that do not scale well, you can multiply the ingredients to prepare the shopping list but you should still prepare the recipe in separate batches according to the original directions.
Crockpotwhen using the 5-6 quart model, always cook on high for at least 1 hour before turning to low.


You Ask! We Count!
Number of Atheists in the World
How many atheists are there in the world?
In 2007, there are an estimated 157,529,444 people worldwide who are atheists. This is according to data compiled from the 2010 World Factbook of the United States Central Intelligence Agency.Â This number represents about 2.32% of the world population at that time. Translated to current population statistics there would be about 170,088,267 atheists in the world today.
This fact is verified on : February 28, 2010.
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text:
Mold is a common problem in any environment that is perpetually damp, especially if there is a lack of sunlight in the area. Mold can strike anywhere for this reason. While it is not difficult to remove in small amounts, it is a real challenge to remove mould from paintings. Oil paintings require careful cleaning, but watercolours even more so, as exposure to moisture can cause their delicate colours to run. However, with proper care mould can be removed from watercolour paintings.
- Skill level:
Other People Are Reading
Things you need
- Soft-bristle brush
Brush at the mould with a soft-bristle brush. The light friction can be enough to remove some or all of the mildew without affecting the paint.
Place the painting in the sunlight during the day for several days. Direct sunlight kills mould and can remove it from paintings. Sunlight fades paint over time, but several day's worth of intermittent exposure will not cause any damage to a watercolour.
Wipe at the mould with a small piece of light-grit sandpaper to carefully remove the mould, if the other methods are not working. Be very careful when doing this because the sandpaper can potentially damage the paint if too much force is applied. Dust the painting afterward to remove any loose sand that has come off the sandpaper.
Tips and warnings
- Have any valuable or sentimental paintings professionally cleaned or restored to decrease the odds of damage.
- 20 of the funniest online reviews ever
- 14 Biggest lies people tell in online dating sites
- Hilarious things Google thinks you're trying to search for


text:
On the results page, you could create a download form in the results row, you would need a hidden form element and a submit button. Set the value hidden form element to use the fileName column from the results recordset. Then add a Download File Behavior
insert -> Webassist -> File Manipulation -> Download if you have Universal Email 4 or Webassist -> File Manipulation -> Download in Form builder 2
Set the Folder to the folder that contains the files. Set the File field to use the Hidden form element.
Creating a download link on another page would be pretty similar, you just need a way to pass the file name into the download server behavior.


text:
- Titlelike the quick drawing of a gun, links to extended metaphor (wild west)
- Wild west languagesheriff, boot, saloon, pellet, high noon (argument like a stand off)
- Juxtaposition of languagemodern and old wild west mirrors the opposition of the couple.
- Modern Languagemobile, landline, phone, text (argument over the phone)
- Structurelots of break, mirrors a real argument, increases the pace to create tension and simulate pace of argument.
- Extended metaphorthe wild west, adds visual picture to the poem, exaggerates the fightstill wounds them even though it's a small scale argument.
- Gap in the middle of a sentencemimicking a bullet shooting across the page, emphasises a bullet wound.
Similar English Literature resources:


Uncomfortable Architecture
Why Are So Many Fascist Monuments Still Standing in Italy?
That is the question that Ruth Ben-Ghiat wondered about on an article (in October 5, 2017), for The New Yorker. She asked why in Italy buildings and monuments of the Mussolini era still shown off
I am not so sure that we can easily say that Mussolini era building are exactly "shown off!"
They looked rather "negletted" to me. We pretend they are not there and walk by looking the other side, like we do when we want to avoid an annoying acquaintance.
Does re-evaluating fascist architecture today automatically absolves the regime that produced it; or is it legitimate to evaluate it independently?
Many great minds answered eloquently to the quest of the above scholar; and of course the idea of recovering fascist architecture came up, because, they claimed, recovering fascist architecture is not forgiveness of the past.
Re-evaluating the cultural production of an era does not necessarily mean re-evaluating the culture of that era, of course.
Also it should be noted that there still is some confusion between fascist architecture and architecture built under fascism. Some are remarkable buildings.
In any case it would be absurd to imagine throwing down the EUR in Rome just to erase the memory of fascism. Remembering is always better than forgetting.
A Mundane Question
My question—however—is more mundane; if these buidings that are still up, why not care for them, instead of pretending they are not there? A good restoration, or in some cases even a coat of paint would do wonders for these building that are often much more spacious inside than the modern buildings and apartments.
Maybe the very intimidating Court of Milan (designed by Marcello Piacentini) should be painted in bright colors (…though I'm not suggesting pink… ), it will give a totally different impression, I think.
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Different Mechanical Seal Types for Centrifugal Pumps
Different Mechanical Seal Types for Centrifugal Pumps
Mechanical seals are critical components in centrifugal pump systems. These devices preserve the integrity of the pump systems by preventing fluid leaks and keeping contaminants out. Mechanical seal systems are used on various seal designs to detect leakage, control the seal environment and lubricate secondary seals.
Depending on the pump type and the process variables, there are various mechanical seal types to choose from. Each seal variant has its unique design and characteristics which make it suitable for a specific application. MES has years of experience with industrial mechanical seals and support systems, making us an authority in this area.
This article highlights the benefits and drawbacks of the different types of mechanical seals used in centrifugal pumps.
Different Types of Mechanical Seals for Centrifugal Pumps
Mechanical seal types vary in design, arrangement, and how they disperse the hydraulic forces acting at their faces. The most common seal types include the following:
Balanced Seals and Unbalanced Seals
Balanced mechanical seal arrangements refer to a system where the forces acting at the seal faces are balanced. As a result of the lower face loading, there is more even lubrication of the seal faces and longer seal life. Learn about our mechanical seal lubrication systems today.
Balanced mechanical seals are particularly suited to higher operating pressures, typically above 200 PSIG. They are also a good choice when handling liquids with low lubricity and higher volatility.
Unbalanced mechanical seal types are commonly employed as a more economical option to the more complex balance seal. Unbalanced seals may also exhibit less product leakage due to tighter control of the face film, but as a result can exhibit much lower mean time between failure. Unbalanced seals are not recommended for high pressure or most hydrocarbon applications.
Pusher and Non-Pusher Seals
Pusher seals utilize one or multiple springs to maintain seal closing forces. The springs can be in the rotating or stationary element of the mechanical seal. Pusher type seals can provide sealing at very high pressures but have a drawback due to the elastomer under the primary seal face that can be subjected to wear as the face moves along the shaft/sleeve during operation.
Non-pusher seals utilize a metal or elastomeric bellows to maintain seal closing forces. These seals are ideally suited to dirty and high temperature applications. Bellows seals are limited to medium/lower pressure applications.
Both pusher and non-pusher designs are available in balanced and unbalanced configurations.
Conventional Mechanical Seals
Conventional seals are typically lower cost and often installed on general service equipment. These seals require higher operator skill to service as they installed as individual components.
types of mechanical seals for centrifugal pumps
Cartridge Type Seals
Cartridge type mechanical seals incorporate all of the seal elements into a single assembly. This dramatically reduces the potential for assembly error and the time require for seal replacements. Learn more about the difference between cartridge and non-cartridge mechanical seals today.
Key Considerations When Choosing Different Types of Mechanical Seals for Pumps
When deciding on the type of seal system for a centrifugal pump, operators must choose according to their unique application. Failure to select the proper seal type can lead to loss of pump integrity, breakdowns and costly repairs. To avoid these undesirable results, all operators must consider the following factors before deciding.
Type of Fluid to Be Pumped
The fluid that you're pumping is the single most important factor to consider when deciding on a seal type.
Factors such as cleanliness, lubricity and volatility will significantly affect the mechanical seal and seal support system design.
Pump Fluid Pressure
The amount of pressure exerted at a mechanical seal's faces has a significant effect on its performance. If a pump is to be operated at low pressures, an unbalanced mechanical seal will be suitable. However, in conditions where higher pressures are anticipated, balanced seals will prove a more reliable solution.
Temperature Considerations
Balanced mechanical seals perform better than their unbalanced counterparts in conditions where the operating temperatures are higher than normal. Heat sensitive components are better preserved in balanced mechanical seals compared to other seal types.
Operator Safety Concerns
As it goes for all types of machinery, operator safety is the top priority. The use of double mechanical seals in centrifugal pumps provides additional protection as they have increased sealing capacity and are generally more reliable.
Let Flexaseal Extend the Lifetime of Your Mechanical Seals
Flexaseal Engineered Seals and Systems, LLC has a proven track record of providing the very best mechanical seal support systems to our clients.
Contact us online today for a quote or to learn more about how we can the full range of products and services we offer.


text: There are a number of ways of exciting standing waves in ropes and springs using non-commercial vibrators such as loudspeakers,1 jigsaws,2 motors,3 or a simple tuning fork,4 including the rhythmical shaking of a handheld Slinky. We have come up with a very simple and cheap way of exciting stationary waves in a string, which anyone, particularly children, can try at home. It consists of using an electric toothbrush to produce a regular sideways motion that can be easily transmitted to an elastic cord. Most suitable for this experiment is the kind of unit that has a metal rod protruding from the front (see Fig. 1, which shows our Braun Oral-B®) to which a brush is normally affixed. The ends of the cord are attached to stands. Elastic cords that come with some school notebooks work well for this experiment, but a longer cord allows the observation of a larger number of modes. The toothbrush unit is placed near one end of the cord, which is wrapped once around the rod. As the toothbrush vibrates at a fixed frequency, standing waves (see Fig. 2) may be tuned by changing the tension of the cord while keeping its length constant. We have found up to five harmonics with a 150-cm cord. The toothbrush can be connected to a small potentiometer to reduce the dc voltage and hence the frequency of the motor, allowing the tuning of the standing waves with a fixed tension.


I created a 2 column layout block, gave the columns block a CSS class of.first-col-2-3
and added this CSS to my theme:
.first-col-2-3 > div:nth-child(1) {background:red;width:67%!important;}
.first-col-2-3:nth-child(2) {width:33%!important;}
The result is that the columns stay 50% / 50% width.
But the first one does get a red background.
So the correct column is targeted, yet the width property isn't changing to make the two columms 67% and 33% respectively.
How do I make the column widths change?
I see a way to add a CSS class to the paragraph within each column but that doesn't work either. Any ideas / solutions? Thank you!
You can add a 2 column block layout where 1 block takes up 2 thirds in the block editor using the UI. Adding CSS classes to achieve this is highly unusual and unnecessary
When you add a column block it asks you:
enter image description here
Resulting in column blocks spaced for thirds:
enter image description here
Each block has a percentage width in the block settings:
enter image description here
If you wanted to use the CSS classes from your theme you have several options:
 - Build a custom columns block
 - Add CSS classes to the column blocks, completely override or remove the block CSS and add in your own
It appears you tried to do the latter, and ran into a 100% pure CSS issue, CSS questions are best asked on stackoverflow (they're offtopic on WPSE as they aren't WordPress questions)
 - I'm not seeing that UI come up in WordPress 5.2.5. When I click on the block settings I'm not getting column settings, just settings for the objects contained in columns (images, headings, etc.) – javaandy Jan 6 '20 at 14:08
 - Upon upgrade to 5.3.2 it worked! Thank you. – javaandy Jan 6 '20 at 14:11
 - You have to have the column block selected, it sounds like you had one of its child/nested blocks selected instead – Tom J Nowell Jan 6 '20 at 16:23
Your Answer


of the singers and piano player.
As it turned out, I framed the static camera too tightly on the pianist and the singer, and paid the price several times when the singer moved off camera. Since HDV captures at 1920x1080 resolution, and I was outputting to DV at 720x480, as the theory goes, I could have framed the stage much more loosely and then zoomed in without losing image quality because the extra resolution is there, waiting to be harvested. You can't do this with video shot in DV without losing quality, because the acquisition and output resolutions are the same.
To test this theory, I zoomed into the test videos with Premiere Pro's motion controls, essentially reframing the video from the HDV and DV camcorders around identical regions in the scenes. This would be analogous to a situation where you framed a stage loosely during shooting, then zoomed in during editing.
Here the results clearly favor the FX1, with the image on the right noticeably clearer. How did this translate in real world tests? Figure 6 shows some results with live footage that confirm the resolution chart tests: the FX1 images are noticeably sharper and produced significantly fewer artifacts.
For example, note the frizziness of the hair in the DV camcorder shot, and the macro blocks in the coat and yellow paper on the right. We also noted many fewer interlacing artifacts in the FX1 footage. Overall, when zooming into the video, the DV camcorder produced artifacts that would likely be noticed by viewers, even if there were no side-by-side comparisons with higher native-resolution source material.
What's interesting about these findings is the realization that when shooting in HDV for SD output, your image gets clearer as you zoom into the image during editing. This means there is no penalty for framing loosely during shooting, and no premium on zooming in to get close-ups, which sounds easy but can be hard to do, especially when your subject is moving around.
When shooting the opera singer, for example, many of my tightly framed close-ups were ruined when the singer stepped out of the framed shot (and we all know how fast opera singers move). If I were shooting in HDV, I could frame more loosely, and then zoom in later in post, actually improving the quality of the video as I zoomed in.
Traditionalists no doubt will argue that you should frame the shot you want, and pay attention to what you're doing. To a certain degree, I can't argue with that. "I can always fix it in post" is textbook videographer hubris. In real-world shoots, however--multiple-camera productions especially--you simply can't be everywhere at once, and shots can get lost or under-maximized. In these instances, the FX1 and HDV can fix many common shooting problems with no loss in visual quality.
Test 3: Chromakey
We tested chromakey for two reasons. First, we wondered if MPEG-2 artifacts in the stream would make a clean chromakey difficult. Second, since fine detail is important to successful chromakeying, we suspected that performing a chromakey at higher resolution might produce better results.
In the center is the HDV clip in CineForm AVI format at 1920x1040 resolution, which produced almost a perfect chromakey. On the right, the FX1 image output in MPEG-2 shows slight jaggies on the face, but nowhere near as much as the DV camcorder footage on the left. Thus it appears that HDV's extra resolution can boost chromakey quality as well.
Interestingly, this is one area where we had to experiment to produce optimal results. For example, you might notice that the shirt on the right looks gray, while the shirt in the middle, from the same source footage, looks blue. That's because we color-corrected the shirt before chromakeying for the full-resolution shot in the middle.
However, color-correcting before chromakeying and outputting at our 16:9 NTSC resolution made the entire image a bit blurry; the blurriness went away when we dropped the color correction. There probably is a workaround to get good color correction at 16:9, but since this wasn't the main goal of our story, we moved on. I'm guessing that the first time I do a real shoot in HDV I'll run into dozens of these idiosyncrasies, and so should you.
Note also that we performed these tests in Premiere Pro, which appears to perform the chromakey on the high-resolution input before scaling and compressing for SD output. While this seems logical, this workflow may vary by editor, so it's impossible to say that all editors will produce better results with HDV footage than with original DV footage.
Test 4: Low Light
In low-light tests, the DV camcorder produced a brighter image than the FX1 in both HDV and DV modes, though it does look a bit faded. Note that we tested the FX1 in a number of low-light situations, including a night shoot of a Christmas parade here in politically incorrect Galax, Virginia. For the test footage compared in this article we used the traditional Ozer Video Lab Lance-Armstrong-Picture-Under-the-Desk diagnostic exercise, with interesting results.
Overall, both the FX1 and the HDV video it produced performed remarkably well, degrading gracefully and exhibiting neither gain noise nor MPEG macro blocks. Thus it appears that there is nothing inherent to HDV (as manifested in Sony's FX1) that produces poor-quality images in low light.
The state of HDV workflow remains primitive. None of the editors we tested could control the HDV camcorder, bucking bronco that it is, which left us to capture live like the good old analog days. Since our testing was mostly for SD output, we did not test writing back to the HDV camcorder, which is also performed in let 'er rip mode without machine control.
Beyond capture, we experienced aspect ratio issues with all SD video produced during our initial tests, which turned circles into ovals and squares into rectangles. With Pinnacle Liquid Edition, the solution was choosing the right presets for both the timeline sequences and the video clips; you can get it working if you make the right selections.
Premiere Pro was equally frustrating until we downloaded Aspect HD from CineForm, which provided both a capture utility and Premiere Pro project preset. Without the preset, you probably won't be able to get your projects working; you can probably get a free download at _URL_. In addition, Adobe has announced a licensing deal for CineForm technology that should lead to a more seamless working environment in the short term.
By the time you read this story, editing in both Edition and Premiere Pro should be better-documented, and more of the workflow pieces securely in place. However, don't assume your editor can capture and/or edit HDV properly until specific support for the format is announced by the vendor.
We tested extensively on Edition, which edits natively in Long GOP MPEG-2, and in Premiere Pro using the CineForm AVI codec, which converts to a more easily edited format (see Stephen Nathans' "From HDV to DVD," _URL_ We'll withhold specific quality and performance results for later stories involving more direct comparison testing, when we'll be more confident that the working conditions we report at press time will look like the ones you'll find when the magazine comes out. That said, I found little difference in either quality or workflow with either system, though our tests were primitive, involving only trimming and chromakey, and differences may emerge under more comprehensive testing.
Once we had figured out the aspect ratio issues, both products worked pretty much as expected. Significantly, we edited both HDV and DV on both Edition and Premiere, and at least from a timeline responsiveness standpoint, found little difference between editing HDV and DV in either program.
Just for the record, we tested Premiere Pro/CineForm on a dual 3.06GHz Xeon Dell Precision 650 workstation while our Edition test station was a dual 3.6GHz Xeon Dell Precision 670 workstation. Both computers were running Windows XP SP2 with 2GB RAM.
Overall, the net/net on the FX1 is that it's an absolute darling of a camcorder. It performed wonderfully in the DV tests we reported in January, and the HDV output created in the testing for this article was remarkable. Once we got over our initial production hurdles with HDV, our tests confirmed many of the marketing claims made by camera and tools vendors.
Though our initial conclusion was to recommend the FX1 primarily as a DV camera, our recent experience with HDV production indicates that the time to move to HDV is now. While the difference won't be as dramatic as the sea change from Hi-8 to DV, the benefits in the short term are very real. When HD-DVD or Blu-ray comes along (which one doesn't matter so much as when), the advantages of HDV will be even greater. Even now, in the SD delivery era, if you're shooting for 16:9 output with the FX1, there really is no reason not to start shooting in HDV mode.
Companies Mentioned in this Article
Adobe Systems
Canon USA
Pinnacle Systems
Sony Electronics
EventDV Spotlight is now:
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text:
Brigitte Pientka, Beluga^mu: Programming proofs in context
Beluga^mu: Programming proofs in context
We extend a general purpose functional language with support for programming with binders and contexts by refining the type system of ML with a restricted form of dependent types where index objects are drawn from contextual LF. This allows programmers to specify formal systems and proofs within the logical framework LF using higher-order abstract syntax and avoids common and tricky routines dealing with variables, such as capture-avoiding substitution and renaming. In addition, programmers, can index ML types with contexts and contextual LF objects allowing users to define relations between them. This leads to a powerful language, Beluga^mu which supports manipulating and analyzing contexts and contextual LF objects. To illustrate the elegance and effectiveness of our language, we give concise programs for closure conversion and weak normalization.


Quick Answer: When I Double Click A Program Nothing Happens?
What is right clicking?
Sometimes abbreviated as RMB (right mouse button), the right-click is the action of pressing down on the right mouse button.
The right-click provides additional functionality to a computer's mouse, usually in the form of a drop-down menu containing additional options..
How can I double click faster?
Description:Open the mouse control panel.Go to the Double-click speed slider.Drag the slider all the way to the right (fastest).Click OK.
Why is my double click not working?
Double-click speed set too low The most common culprit of the double-clicking issue is the double-click speed setting for your mouse is set too low. When set very low, clicking at two different times may be interpreted as a double-click instead.
How do I double click?
Double clicking involves clicking your mouse button quickly two times. To perform a double click, and not just two clicks, the mouse button must be pressed twice within a very short time, typically about half a second.
How do I enable double click on app store?
If you can't get Apple Pay working, make sure it's toggled on in your "Face ID & Passcode" settings. If you don't see the "Double Click to Install" prompt, make sure "iTunes & App Store" is toggled on in your "Face ID & Passcode" settings.
Which finger do we use to double click?
index fingerIf there's a middle button or wheel on the mouse, use your index finger (for right and left handers) to manipulate it. It's important that you keep the mouse stationary when you double-click.
How can I increase my clicking speed?
Put both of your fingers on your mouse, and alternate clicking between your hands. Get a rhythm in your head, and put it into your fingers. If you still are not clicking fast enough try an auto-clicker, if it's allowed in what you are doing. Some gaming servers don't allow auto-clickers.
What happens when we double click an EXE?
When we double click a.exe file, windows will first read this file and gets to know what Address space is required,whether 32 or 64 bit. Also it checks whether CPU architecture is met. After all these checks, windows will load the appropriate version of MScoreEE. dll (32 or 64 bit) into the process address space.
What is double click speed?
Many actions in Windows require that you click the left mouse button twice in quick succession to work. This is called a 'double click'. Windows 8.1 – Slowing down double click speed. Many actions in Windows require that you click the left mouse button twice in quick succession to work. This is called a 'double click'.
How do I turn off double click on iPhone?
Therefore, to re-enable single tap usage, disable VoiceOver.Touch the "Settings" app on your iPhone's home screen.Select "General," and then tap the "Accessibility" option.Touch "VoiceOver," and then move the slider to the "Off" position.Exit the Settings menu by pressing the Home button.
How do you double click on a phone?
To switch the behavior of a single click between left click and right click, tap the Mouse button. A double tap acts as a double click. A double tap and hold allows you to grab and then drag. A two-finger tap acts as a right click.
Is it double click or double click?
A double-click is the act of pressing a computer mouse button twice quickly without moving the mouse. Double-clicking allows two different actions to be associated with the same mouse button. It was developed by Bill Atkinson of Apple Computer (now Apple Inc.)
How do I get my mouse to double click when I single click?
Here, go to the "Click items as follows" section and choose the option that says "Single-click to open an item (point to select)." To apply this setting, click or tap OK. From now on, the mouse double clicks on a single click when opening files and folders.
Why do you have to double click?
Because Steve Jobs wanted a mouse with a single button. The double-click was invented by an Apple engineer, Bill Atkinson, for the Apple Lisa computer. The Lisa was one of the first PCs to have a GUI. While it used a lot of ideas that had been learned from Xerox Parc, Steve Jobs presented them with a novel problem.
Why is my double click not working on Iphone?
Go to Settings -> Apple Pay & Wallet and make sure the switch next to Double-Click Side Button is turned on. If the switch is white and positioned to the left, tap it to turn it on. You'll know the double-click feature is on when the switch is green.
How can I increase my double click speed?
Under Related settings in the right column, click Additional mouse options. In the Mouse Properties window that appears, select the Buttons tab. In the Double-click speed section adjust the speed slider to set a more comfortable speed. You can test your setting by double-clicking on the folder icon.


text:
rogation. Its main purpose is reimbursing the insurer from funds that should equitably come from the party at fault.
For example, subrogation enables an auto insurer to sue the careless driver who injured their policyholder. This prevents that driver from escaping liability. The insurer can then lower rates rather than spread costs to blameless policyholders.
Subrogation as a Right and a Duty
Subrogation rights automatically apply without being specified in insurance policies. This entitles the insurer to step into the shoes of its policyholder and pursue legal action in their name.
Most policies also obligate cooperation from the policyholder. This includes handing over documents needed to subrogate, not interfering with the action, and agreeing to have any recovery directed first to the insurer up the amount they paid out.
Limitations and Exceptions to Subrogation
Insurers cannot subrogate against certain protected parties even if they caused the loss:
- Additional insureds named in the same policy
- Family members living with the policyholder
- Employees of the policyholder
These restrictions prevent disrupting important relationships. Some states also prohibit subrogating against tenants who negligently damage rented dwellings.
Additionally, policyholders can contractually waive insurers' subrogation rights upfront. This waiver forecloses any subsequent attempt to recover.
How to Maximize the Benefits of Subrogation
To optimize subrogation's potential benefits:
- Give prompt notice to at-fault parties, before evidence disappears
- Thoroughly investigate fault and document findings
- File claims rapidly, before statutes of limitations expire
- Avoid conflicts of interest when pursuing joint representation
- Keep meticulous records of claim payments to prove damages
- Monitor the proceedings closely and participate where necessary
Timely, rigorous subrogation actions allow insurers to gain back a portion of claims paid, reducing pressure for higher premiums.
The contribution principle equitably distributes liability across multiple insurers covering the same loss. This avoids forcing just one insurer to bear the full burden.
Contribution and its Purpose
When concurrent policies cover the same claim, contribution allows allocating responsibility proportionately among all insurers involved. This prevents the policyholder from selectively claiming against just one insurer and maximizing recovery.
Contribution guards against such unfair outcomes by:
- Preventing windfall double recovery beyond actual losses
- Discouraging strategic claiming behavior by policyholders
- Ensuring insurers share large claims burden appropriately
By diffusing liability, contribution promotes sustainability, honesty, and due diligence across the industry.
B. Calculating Contribution in Insurance Claims
Two primary methods allocate contribution amounts:
- Equal shares: Each insurer contributes an equal portion, regardless of policy limits.
- Proportionate limits: Insurers pay percentages based on the ratio of their policy limit to the aggregated coverage limits.
The majority of states follow the proportionate approach. This aligns contributions most closely with the relative risks each insurer accepted.
Ensuring Fair Allocation of Responsibility
Certain measures ensure contribution arrangements are equitable:
- Clear coordination rules: Policies should specify contribution procedures and incorporate standard industry protocols.
- Subrogation rights: Insurers paying more than their share gain subrogation claims against the others.
- Arbitration clauses: These provide efficient dispute resolution for contribution conflicts.
- Cooperation requirements: Policies obligate coordination to prevent excess recovery.
By enshrining contribution in established protocols, insurers prevent the injustice of any party bearing a disproportionate loss burden.
Both insurers and policyholders share an interest in mitigating loss events. This cooperative approach to avoiding and reducing losses benefits all stakeholders.
Importance of Loss Mitigation in Insurance
Effective loss control provides several advantages:
- Lower claims costs: Preventing avoidable losses directly reduces insurers' payment obligations.
- Lower premiums: Savings from reduced claims translate into lower premium rates for policyholders.
- Reduced externalities: Containing losses prevents ancillary harms like business interruptions or liability costs.
- Social benefits: Loss mitigation promotes health, safety, and responsible resource management.
Proactively managing risks aligns with insurance's fundamental protective purpose. It enables extending coverage efficiently to more people and assets.
Strategies for Minimizing Loss in Insurance
Insurers and policyholders can work together to implement various loss mitigation strategies:
- Risk-based pricing: Charging higher premiums for higher-risk items or behaviors motivates reducing exposure.
- Deductibles: Requiring policyholders to cover some initial loss amount incentivizes prevention and care.
- Conditions: Requiring protective measures like alarms, sprinklers, or regular maintenance reduces hazard vulnerability.
- Loss control guidance: Insurers can provide loss prevention education, site inspections, and similar consulting.
- Premium discounts: Lower premiums reward policyholders who take proactive precautions.
Applying sticks and carrots gives both parties a stake in achieving mutually beneficial loss reduction outcomes.
Role of Insurance in Promoting Loss Minimization
Beyond financial incentives, insurance can promote loss prevention in other impactful ways:
- Aggregating data to identify patterns and target problem areas
- Advocating for protective infrastructure investments and policies
- Researching technological improvements like automated diagnostics or safety innovations
- Generating standardized metrics to track prevention program efficacy
Insurers' unique bird's-eye vantage point positions them to be leaders in researching, designing, and championing superior risk management practices. Their prevention initiatives multiply the social value insurance provides.
Harnessing insurance principles to align stakeholders around avoiding and minimizing harm unlocks enormous potential for advancing individual and collective welfare. The foundational doctrines examined in this article optimize insurers' ability to deliver on that worthy promise. While intricate in application, these tenets coalesce around delivering efficient, fair, and transparent risk transfer services to everyone insurance serves.


Cryptology ePrint Archive: Report 2006/140
GVG-RP: A Net-centric Negligibility-based Security Model for Self-organizing Networks
Jiejun Kong
Abstract: We present a rigorous approach to building a secure self-organizing mobile ad hoc network (MANET). In a highly dynamic environment like MANET, it is impossible to ensure absolute security to protect everything. We have to speak of the "infeasibility" of breaking the security system rather than the "impossibility" of breaking the same system. More formally, security is defined on the concept of "negligible", which is asymptotically sub-polynomial with respect to a pre-defined system parameter $n$. Intuitively, the parameter $n$ in modern cryptography is the key length. The crypto-system's security is broken if the adversary's capability is of exponentials of $n$, and the efficiency of all related algorithms is measured in polynomials of $n$.
We adopt the same formal security notion in ad hoc network security research. In network security, the network scale (i.e., number of network members) $N$ replaces the role of key length $n$ in cryptography. If a security scheme can be devised to ensure that the probability of security failure is negligible, then the larger the network scale is or the more complex the network system is, the more secure the network is. In other words, given a negligibility-based protection against a specific security attack, larger or more complex systems are favored over smaller or simpler systems. Intuitively, this is consistent with the evolution theory where more complex entities probabilistically emerge from and likely survive longer than their less complex counterparts.
In this paper, we use ''rushing attack'' as the exemplary security attack to disrupt mobile ad hoc routing. We show that ''rushing attack'' is a severe attack against on-demand ad hoc routing schemes. Fortunately, ''localized forwarding community area'' is an available countermeasure to ensure that the failure probability of packet forwarding is negligible. This demonstrates the usefulness of our negligibility-based network security model. We expect to augment the pool of negligibility-based protections and explore the general notion in other types of networks.\\
\emph{Keywords}---Net-centric Security = Negligibility + Scalability
Category / Keywords: foundations / Net-centric Security, Negligibility, Scalability
Date: received 9 Apr 2006
Contact author: jiejunkong at yahoo com
Note: This paper defines the first formal security model using network scale as the input parameter of negligibility. The model is for network-centric security, not limited to cryptography.
Version: 20060410:070412 (All versions of this report)
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Quick Answer: Where Is Barnet Council?
Which part of London is Barnet?
The London Borough of Barnet is in north London. It is the second largest London borough by population and the fourth largest by area. The borough was formed in 1965 from parts of the counties of Middlesex and Hertfordshire.
Does Barnet come under Hertfordshire?
Barnet, outer borough of London, England, on the northwestern perimeter of the metropolis. The borough lies mostly within the historic county of Middlesex, but many of its northern districts (including New Barnet and East Barnet ) belong historically to Hertfordshire.
Is Barnet a rich area?
The priciest areas can usually be found in the north of the borough, where properties in neighbourhoods such as Totteridge, Hadley, and High Barnet often sell for multi-million pound sums, although Hampstead Garden Suburb in the south frequently tops the list for some of the UK's most expensive streets.
How do I contact Barnet Council?
Colindale Office
 1. Address: 2 Bristol Avenue, Colindale, NW9 4EW.
 2. Telephone: 0208 _PHONE_.
 3. Website: Barnet Council Website.
You might be interested: FAQ: Why Do Brent Call You Unexpectedly?
Is Barnet London a good place to live?
High Barnet is the best place to live in London, the UK, and maybe the world. Last week Edgware claimed to be the cultural capital of London. In reality, everyone knows High Barnet is the bigger, better north London rival. Barnet is the Beyonce Knowles: the queen of the north.
Is Barnet a safe area?
The safest parts of Barnet Finchley Chruch End was the safest area of Barnet in terms of having the lowest crime rate. There was a total of 59 offences reported to The Met Police in March 2020. Vehicle offences account for 18 of these crimes, along with 15 violent offences, 12 burglaries and nine thefts.
How high is high Barnet?
For a London town, Barnet lies very high; the High Street is 427 feet (130 m) above sea level and the surrounding southern land no less than 295 feet (90 m).
What are the 32 boroughs of London?
How many houses are in Barnet?
The number of households in Barnet is predicted to increase from 157,000 in 2018 to 192,000 by 2030, a rise of 22%, which will have serious implications for services, infrastructure and budgets. Over the same period, the number of households in Outer London is estimated to increase by 19% and in England by 11%.
You might be interested: FAQ: How To Get To Barnet Hospital By Bus?
Is Edgware a good place to live?
Now, it's an affluent commuter town, popular with families – and it's easy to see why. There is a good supply of semi-detached houses in this area. It's safe, and relatively green, with good schools – and yet, it's on the Tube, and is served by night buses, making it easy and quick to get into Central London.
Is Colindale safe to live?
GPE aside, it's a fairly safe place. Possibly something to do with the fact that you've got Colindale police station and Hendon police college 2 minutes from the tube station, so the area is normally pretty flush with old bill.
Is Whetstone a nice place to live?
Whetstone, Totteridge etc are all lovely areas. And not as far away as you think. All have good bus routes and access to the city, just a few minutes further away then here. Whetstone has loads of families that have been out priced from the likes of East Finchley and Muswell Hillus included!
How do I complain to the Barnet Council?
Barnet Council complaints contacts
 1. Visit Contact Page.
 2. Email Customer Services on first.contact@ barnet.gov.uk.
 3. Call Customer Services on _PHONE_ 2000.
 4. Visit Homepage.
How do I apply for a council house in Barnet?
Customers at risk of becoming homeless must contact us as soon as possible on _PHONE_ 3539. There is no waiting list or housing register. There is no application form for you to fill in.
How much is Barnet council tax?
From 1 April 2021 to 31 March 2022
You might be interested: Quick Answer: What Zone Is New Barnet Station In?
Valuation band Barnet Council Total
A: up to £40,000 £891.55 £1,133.99
B: £40,001 to £52,000 £1,040.15 £1,323.00
C: £52,001 to £68,000 £1,188.74 £1,511.99
D: £68,001 to £88,000 £1,337.33 £1,700.99
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Scientists explain squirrel promiscuity
QMI Agency
First posted: | Updated:
It's not in the genes, but in the number of knocks at the door.
Researchers at the University of Guelph have found that something a lot more circumstantial than genetics is behind female squirrels' promiscuity.
"Their behaviour is overwhelmingly influenced by opportunity," said Erin McFarlane, a graduate student and member of the team that looked into this issue that has long baffled biologists.
The findings are published in the Royal Society journal Biology Letters.
Female squirrels are known to sometimes have as many mates as possible, behaviour that doesn't always make sense for females, McFarlane said.
The researchers found that the more males there were in the area interested in mating, the more squirrels a female would mate with, McFarlane said.
"A female squirrel that only chose to mate with one male could have a daughter that mates with many males," integrative biology professor Andrew McAdam said in a release. "It seems the tendency to mate with fewer males isn't something that is being passed down from generation to generation."
The discovery that the mating patterns of female squirrels aren't genetic means mating habits in the species are unlikely to evolve, the researchers found.
The researchers analyzed data from 108 mate chases involving 85 female squirrels. The female squirrels mated with anywhere from one to 14 partners.
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Definition of 'figure on'
Example sentences containing 'figure on'
A NASTY DOSE OF DEATH
Susie's hysterical cry was followed by a wild sob as she saw the figure on the grass begin crawling towards them.MIDNIGHT IS A LONELY PLACE
There was no doubt in his mind that the naked figure on the screen had been that of his wife, Louise.CODE BREAKER
Anything to draw her attention away from the tantalizing figure on the driving range.LADY BE GOOD (1999)
Trends of 'figure on'
View usage over:
Definition of figure on from the Collins English Dictionary


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GeoT*SOL: A tool for planning, designing and calculating heat pump systems
Valentin's GeoT*SOL allows users to choose between different heat sources and system configurations specific to their location. A key feature is the integration of solar thermal systems for domestic hot water or space heating. Requirements, losses and consumption are determined as a result of a dynamic minute-by-minute simulation. These form the basis on which electricity consumption, the annual coefficient of performance and costs are calculated, taking into account off-periods and tariffs. Given these parameters, GeoT*SOL evaluates the efficiency of the system. Heating cost and yield are calculated for the heat pump and a comparison system.
One other useful feature is an interface to Valentin Software's photovoltaics planning tool PV*SOL: This can be used to directly determine the power supplied by a PV system to the heat pump system or to dimension the PV array needed to power a specific heat pump. (mfo)
You can now sign up for our upcoming pv Guided Tours in May 2019.
Have a look back at the highlights of last year's pv Guided Tours.


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Why did Islam spread so quickly? Islam is the religion of Muslims which has spread very rapidly across the globe. The faith began in Mecca and then spread to Spain, East Africa, the Middle East, China. There are two significant themes in Islam: "Allah is the one" and "Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W) is His messenger."
There are many reasons why did Islam spread so quickly. The most important and main reasons are conquest, law, and trade. The people of the Arab made the trade with faraway regions of the world, which spread Islam faster than other religions.
Islam starts with a man named Muhammad (S.A.W). He spent most of his life working as a merchant, and then he retreated to the cave in a nearby mountain where Hazarat Muhammad (S.A.W) received his first revelation from God at the age of 40. After three years of this revelation, he publicly preached Islam.
Quran is the Holy book of Muslims, and it is revealed to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) started sharing this message with his friends and family and later spread it to his tribe. He faced countless difficulties from his tribe. The life of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) is the basic definition of the Quran and Islam.
What Is Islam?
Islam is the religion of Allah. God teaches us to Pray, and we bow before him five times a day. Islam has five fundamental pillars which Muslims were expected to follow. These pillars are faith, prayer, obligatory, charity, pilgrimage, and fasting. A Muslim can enjoy life by following the teachings of the Holy Quran.
These five pillars teach the world that Islam is the religion of peace. When it is revealed that there were chaos and wars everywhere, Islam teaches people how to stop violence against the innocent and bring peace. That is the main reason why did Islam spread so quickly.
In Holy Quran, Allah says:
"Whosoever killed a person – unless it is for killing a person or for creating disorder in the land, it shall be as if he had killed all mankind" (5: 33).
Reasons Why Did Islam Spread So Quickly
Islam spread quickly across the globe due to multiple reasons. Islam continues to influence society with its unique elements and divine unity of humanity. Muslims believe that their purpose in life is to serve their creator and obey him, which can only be done through Prophet Muhammad's teachings (S.A.W).
1. The Message
The message of Islam is very loud and clear. Islam is a religion of peace and gives a clear message to help the poor and needy. Muslims pray five times a day to ask for help and forgiveness from Allah. Remembering Allah makes their connection with him stronger and follows his teachings to serve humanity.
One of the important messages given in Islam is that everything belongs to Allah to purify their possessions set aside a particular portion to give to those in need. Fasting is another message which Islam gives to every non-Muslims. It makes people realize the needs of hungry and poor people. In Quran, Allah says, "O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed to those before you that you may learn self-restraint" (2:183).
Islamic trade routes surrounding Mecca served as one of the effective ways to spread Islam in the world. During the trade, Muslims also preach where they go about Allah, and through their actions and way, they spread Islam. People also come for trade-in Arab and see how Muslims deal with other people through their honest trade methods.
The most famous trade route that helps Islam reach far away is China, Central Asia, Africa, and Europe. Many people from these lands traveled to Arab to witness Islam and its religious theories. Essential elements of Islam reach many foreign lands, making many non-Muslims into Muslims.
3. Military Conquest
Another way from Islam's rapid spread is its vast land conquered. Muslims conquered many lands such as Europe, Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, etc. The main reason why Islam reaches any of the above lands is that the Islamic military conquers these lands and spreads the meaning of Islam.
Islam influences the major and most powerful countries of the world. Muslims enter foreign lands to do trade and spread Islam. One of the reasons why Islam spread so quickly is the military conquest of foreign lands and settling there.
4. Political Order
Islam has a unique political organization that provides equality, serves justice, and maintains order. The Muslim government retains the necessary privileges and rights of Muslims and non-Muslims, which impress people to join this faith and religion.
Muslims' military wanted to protect people and protect their lives and rights. The political system of Islam includes rights for non-Muslims too. Non-Muslims are allowed to practice their religion in Muslim-dominated land, and they have to pay Jizyah in exchange for protection for Muslims.
5. Missionary Work
The missionary work started, and the Muslim scholars and preachers reached faraway lands to tell people the religion of Islam. From 700 to 1000 AD, there was a massive rise in Islamic missionary work, and many people converted to Muslims.
Muslims impress foreign people through their actions, trades, ways of politics, etc. The work of scholars and preachers has resulted in many communities embracing and adopting Islam.
Why did Islam spread so quickly? There are many reasons behind the spread of Islam. Muslims preach Islam and set examples by their characters and daily life dealings. They impress people across the globe through their unique and fair trade methods. Muslims conquered lands and served justice there to everyone. They protect Muslims and non-Muslims from injustice and give them the right to live and grow. One of the important reasons is missionary work. People from Islamic countries go toward faraway land and spread the religion of Allah and his Prophet (S.A.W).


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Growing Degree Days
- The Growing Degree Day method (GDD) for estimating when insects will emerge is based on the average daily temperature. It is therefore a more accurate method for timing pest management strategies (spraying pesticides, etc.).
- GDD is calculated by averaging the daily maximum and minimum temperatures and then subtracting the base temperature as follows: ((maximum temperature + minimum temperature)/2) – base temperature.
- Insects, like plants and many other organisms, are dependent on temperature to develop. During warm years insects develop faster and become problems sooner. During cooler years development is slowed down. Problems from ornamental plant pests may be noticed weeks later in a cooler year than in a warmer year.
- The Pest Predictive Calendar is a monitoring tool to assist in predicting when susceptible stages of pest insects are active.
- Use GDD in combination with the Pest Predictive Calendar (click on link to access) to make timely decisions on implementing management strategies to protect your plants.
Cumulative GDD (as of Oct 29)
Eastern Henrico 4521
Western Henrico 4176


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The Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP) is one of the key elements of the Polar Prediction Project. YOPP is scheduled to take place from mid-2017 to mid-2019.
- cover an extended period of coordinated intensive observational and modelling activities in order to improve polar prediction capabilities on a wide range of time scales in both polar regions;
- strongly engage in forecast-stakeholder interaction, verification and a strong educational component;
- foster relationships with partners, provide common focussed objectives, and be held over a bit more than a one-year period in association with a field campaign providing additional observations;
- coincide with, support, and draw on other related planned activities for polar regions;
- be implemented in three different stages: a preparation phase (2013-2017), YOPP itself (mid-2017 - mid-2019), and a consolidation phase (2019-2022).
Enable a significant improvement in environmental prediction capabilities for the polar regions and beyond, by coordinating a period of intensive observing, modelling, verification, user-engagement and education activities.
The main objectives for YOPP are to
- improve the polar observing system to provide good coverage of high-quality observations in a cost effective manner;
- gather additional observations through field programmes aimed at improving understanding of polar key processes;
- develop improved representation of polar key processes in uncoupled and coupled models used for prediction, including those which are a particular hindrance to high-quality prediction for the polar regions, such as stable boundary layer representation, surface exchange, and steep orography;
- develop improved data assimilation systems that account for challenges in the polar regions such as sparseness of observational data, steep orography, model error and the importance of coupled processes (e.g., atmosphere-sea ice interaction);
- explore the predictability of sea ice on time scales from days to a season;
- improve understanding of linkages between polar regions and lower latitudes and assess skill of models representing these;
- improve verification of polar weather and environmental predictions to obtain quantitative knowledge on model performance, and on the skill of operational forecasting systems for user-relevant parameters; and efficiently monitor progress;
- improve understanding of the benefits of using existing prediction information and services in the polar regions, differentiated across the spectrum of user types and benefit areas;
- provide training opportunities to generate a sound knowledge base on polar prediction related issues.
The preparation phase of YOPP covers the period from 2013 to mid-2017 and is characterized by the following key activities: community engagement, coordination with other planned activities, preparatory experimentation, preparation of observational and modelling strategies, development of implementation plan, organisation of summer school and workshops, liaison with funders.
YOPP itself extends over the period from mid-2017 to mid-2019 and comprises periods of intensive observations, dedicated model experiments, research into the use and value of forecasts and intensive verification efforts.
A consolidation phase marks the end of the YOPP decade. Data denial experiments, model development, dedicated reanalyses, operational implementation and YOPP-specific publications are its main features.
For the implementation of YOPP special emphasis is placed on:
- Development of strong linkages with other initiatives;
- Strengthening of linkages between academia, research institutions and operational forecasting centres;
- Establishment and exploitation of special research data sets that can be used by the wider research community and forecast product users;
- Linkages with space agencies;
- Establishment of a common data archive;
- Promotion of YOPP with funding agencies;
- Promotion of interactions and communication between research and stakeholders;
- Fostering of education and outreach.
Key YOPP Activities
On the following subpages you will find more information on the Key YOPP Activities:
- Observing System Experiments (under construction; accessible soon);
- Special Observing Periods;
- Sea Ice Prediction and Verification (under construction, more content will follow soon);
- Determining a Legacy (under construction; accessible soon);
- YOPPsiteMIP (under construction; accessible soon);
- YOPP Endorsement.
- YOPP Implementation Plan (version 2.0): outlines the planned activities during the Year of Polar Prediction.
- Leaflet 01: The Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP) – A Flagship Activity of the WWRP Polar Prediction Project.
- Leaflet 02: Year of Polar Prediction – From Research to Improved Environmental Safety.


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Eaton's, which was once Canada's largest department store chain, partnered with development companies throughout the 1970s and 1980s to develop downtown shopping malls in cities across Canada. Each mall contained an Eaton's store, or was in close proximity to an Eaton's store, and typically the mall itself carried the "Eaton Centre" name. These joint-ventures represented a significant retail development trend in Canada during that period.
With the demise of the Eaton's chain in 1999, and the retiring of the Eaton's name as a retail banner in 2002, some of these malls have been renamed, although three of the larger ones continue to carry the Eaton name. Some malls in smaller urban areas, which were typically the least successful of all the Eaton Centre developments, have been demolished or converted to other, non-retail uses.
Before the Eaton Centres
Prior to the building of these large shopping malls, Eatons, like other departments stores in Canada and around the world, built stand-alone buildings that would hold one large department store only. Often these large retailers dominated the central cores of many mid-sized Canadian sized Canadian cities. Examples include Eaton's Building, College Park, and Eaton's Annex (Toronto).


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These are some of the most common questions applicants to the Landscape Urbanism Post Graduate Programme sed. Please feel free to contact us for further information at _EMAIL_
What types of projects are produced within the AA Landscape Urbanism programme?
A distinct feature of The AA Landscape Urbanism program is the production of a comprehensive yearlong Design/Research project which goes beyond short-term design studios and exercises. The project/research outcome is design based and has a multi-scalar scope, meaning that students develop design strategies and scenarios of large-scale landscape/territorial projects at continental, regional, local, and architectural scales. Projects are developed as 'policy proposals' meaning they are proposals that can be applicable to the UK planning framework and have the capacity ( speculative capacity) to transform the landscape of the country. As the programme operates within contemporary conditions and understands urban environments as interconnected and related territorial landscapes, the envisaged projects within the Master have far-reaching implications at local (architectural) and global (territorial) scales and thus, the various design outcomes are very ambitious and challenging. Have a look at some examples of the type of Design Thesis developed over the past years.
What is the difference between MArch and MSC degrees?
Both degrees share the main conceptual framework and design-based platform for research during the first 3 terms. During this time, students learn the basic skills (principles, concepts, tools, critical thinking, etc.) and establish the framework for the yearlong research project. The MSc degree focuses on the development of projects through design guidelines, at strategic levels, that can be used as a design methodology to deploy transferable projects ( prototypes) in similar landscapes/territories with alike conditions. The MArch takes on board the design guidelines developed by the MSc degree to design and develop the tectonics of a specific project in a given context at a local and architectural scale. It includes the research of innovative building and landscape techniques to construct the project.
I don't have a background in design—can I still apply?
The Landscape Urbanism program encourages a multi-disciplinary approach. The staff themselves come from a variety of backgrounds including architecture, landscape architecture, civil engineering, geology, spatial analysis, critical thinking and scomputing sciences. As a result, while the course is specifically geared towards advanced-level research students in architecture, landscape architecture and urbanism, we encourage students from any related discipline such as engineering, earth science, political economy, planning, geography etc.
What are some of the computer programs used within the course?
Students are encouraged to explore a range of different tools relevant to their project. Alongside some of the more common 3D modelling and drafting software such as Rhinoceros or CAD, we explore the potentials of GIS mapping techniques in addition to some scripted simulations using firstly Grasshopper and later moving into the Python programming language. We also explore the potential of videos, online maps, engagement tools and websites, and the use of drones to collect and manipulate information. Parallel to the course is the use of physical modelling and fabrication techniques, making use of the AA's excellent Digital Prototyping Lab.
I would like to buy a laptop that meets the requirements of the Landscape Urbanism Porgamme. Can you recommend the minimum specifications my laptop would need? There is not a particular requirement as long as the laptop is relatively recent and has dedicated graphic card with dedicated RAM. Generally, the following specs would be the minimum to perform most jobs: – CPU quad core (intel)
I saw that a lot of the studio work done seems to require knowledge of computing software like GIS, Rhino, Grasshopper, etc. Are these taught as part of the programme or is prior knowledge necessary? Students aren't expected to have any prior experience using the software. Throughout the year, computational support is provided by the technical tutors. In Term 1, workshops will be undertaken with the intent of bringing everyone to an equal base level. Of course, prior knowledge of the software is beneficial. Throughout term 1, on the weekends, the AA runs seminars in a variety of different software which are open to the whole school.
What happens after Landscape Urbanism? Where do graduates typically find jobs?
The Landscape Urbanism studio is an internationally regarded laboratory for tools and mechanisms for landscape and territorial design and research. You will learn highly relevant technical skills along with an approach that fosters critical thinking, collaborative skills and above all the ability to consider issues and processes through time, something fundamental to the contemporary urban condition. Landscape Urbanism graduates have found employment around the world. Some have worked in established practices such as Groundlab (AA Design Laboratory), ARUP, Heatherwick Studio, Foster and Partners, Gustafson and Porter, Marth Schwartz Partners, Plasma Studio, Zaha Hadid others have become involved in academia ( worldwide), and some have started their own practices: LyonBosch, Jorge Ayala, Amphibious Lab among others or teach at renowned institutions such as the Royal College of Arts of the Bartlett School of Architecture.