Aircraft Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) | Aircraft Systems
Aircraft Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT)
An emergency locator transmitter (ELT) is an independent battery powered transmitter activated by the excessive G-forces experienced during a crash. It transmits a digital signal every 50 seconds on a frequency of 406.025 MHz at 5 watts for at least 24 hours. The signal is received anywhere in the world by satellites in the COSPAS-SARSAT satellite system. Two types of satellites, low earth orbiting (LEOSATs) and geostationary satellites (GEOSATs) are used with different, complimentary capability. The signal is partially processed and stored in the satellites and then relayed to ground stations known as local user terminals (LUTs). Further deciphering of a signal takes place at the LUTs, and appropriate search and rescue operations are notified through mission control centers (MCCs) set up for this purpose.
NOTE: Maritime vessel emergency locating beacons (EPIRBs) and personal locator beacons (PLBs) use the exact same system. The United States portion of the COSPAS-SARSAT system is maintained and operated by NOAA. Figure 1 illustrates the basic components in the COSPAS-SARSAT system.
Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT)
Figure 1. The basic operating components of the satellite-based COSPAS-SARSAT rescue system
of which aircraft ELTs are a part
ELTs are required to be installed in aircraft according to FAR 91.207. This encompasses most general aviation aircraft not operating under Parts 135 or 121. ELTs must be inspected within 12 months of previous inspection for proper installation, battery corrosion, operation of the controls and crash sensor, and the presence of a sufficient signal at the antenna. Built-in test equipment facilitates testing without transmission of an emergency signal. The remainder of the inspection is visual. Technicians are cautioned to not activate the ELT and transmit an emergency distress signal. Inspection must be recorded in maintenance records including the new expiration date of the battery. This must also be recorded on the outside of the ELT.
ELTs are typically installed as far aft in the fuselage of an aircraft as is practicable just forward of the empennage. The built-in G-force sensor is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the aircraft. Helicopter ELTs may be located elsewhere on the airframe. They are equipped with multidirectional activation devices. Follow ELT and airframe manufacturer's instructions for proper installation, inspection, and maintenance of all ELTs. Figure 2 illustrates ELTs mounted locations.
Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT)
Figure 2. An emergency locator transmitter (ELT) mounting location is generally far aft in a fixed-wing aircraft fuselage in line with the longitudinal axis. Helicopter mounting location and orientation varies
Use of Doppler technology enables the origin of the 406 MHz ELT signal to be calculated within 2 to 5 kilometers. Second generation 406 MHz ELT digital signals are loaded with GPS location coordinates from a receiver inside the ELT unit or integrated from an outside unit. This reduces the location accuracy of the crash site to within 100 meters. The digital signal is also loaded with unique registration information. It identifies the aircraft, the owner, and contact information, etc. When a signal is received, this is used to immediately research the validity of the alert to ensure it is a true emergency transmission so that rescue resources are not deployed needlessly.
ELTs with automatic G-force activation mounted in aircraft are easily removable. They often contain a portable antenna so that crash victims may leave the site and carry the operating ELT with them. A flight deck mounted panel is required to alert the pilot if the ELT is activated. It also allows the ELT to be armed, tested, and manually activated if needed. [Figure 3]
Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT)
Figure 3. An ELT and its components including a cockpitmounted panel, the ELT, a permanent mount antenna, and a portable antenna
Modern ELTs may also transmit a signal on 121.5 MHz. This is an analog transmission that can be used for homing. Prior to 2009, 121.5 MHz was a worldwide emergency frequency monitored by the CORPAS-SARSAT satellites. However, it has been replaced by the 406 MHz standard. Transmission on 121.5 MHz are no longer received and relayed via satellite.
The use of a 406 MHz ELT has not been mandated by the FAA. An older 121.5 MHz ELT satisfies the requirements of FAR Part 91.207 in all except new aircraft. Thousands of aircraft registered in the United States remain equipped with ELTs that transmit a.75 watt analog 121.5 MHz emergency signal when activated. The 121.5 MHz frequency is still an active emergency frequency and is monitored by over-flying aircraft and control towers.
Technicians are required to perform an inspection/test of 121.5 MHz ELTs within 12 months of the previous one and inspect for the same integrity as required for the 406MHz ELTs mentioned above. However, older ELTs often lack the built-in test circuitry of modern ELTs certified to TSO C-126. Therefore, a true operational test may include activating the signal. This can be done by removing the antenna and installing a dummy load. Any activation of an ELT signal is required to only be done between the top of each hour and 5 minutes after the hour. The duration of activation must be no longer than three audible sweeps. Contact of the local control tower or flight service station before testing is recommended.
It must be noted that older 121.5 MHz analog signal ELTs often also transmit an emergency signal on a frequency of 243.0 MHz. This has long been the military emergency frequency. Its use is being phased out in favor of digital ELT signals and satellite monitoring. Improvements in coverage, location accuracy, identification of false alerts, and shortened response times are so significant with 406 MHz ELTs, they are currently the service standard worldwide.
Radar Beacon Transponder
Collision Avoidance Systems
Weather Radar
Long Range Aid to Navigation System (LORAN)
Global Positioning System (GPS)


Figure 1: Dose response of acute nisoxetine or saline on the re-feeding intake of standard chow. Animals underwent a 24 h food deprivation prior to injections and refeeding. All animals were fed and maintained on standard chow (13% fat, 27% protein). Doses were randomly administered with a week washout between doses. (a) Intake (Kcal) shown is cumulative. # indicates differences ( ) from all other doses. (b) Data expressed as ratio of food intake following saline at the individual time points. Dotted line represents intake from saline injected animals (ratio of 1.0) to illustrate the feeding suppression of nisoxetine. Asterisks indicate significant differences ( ) from 3 mg/kg dose at respective time point.


text:
|A Debate Dashboard to Support the Adoption of Online Knowledge Mapping Tools
This event took place on 31st March 2010 at 11:30am (10:30 GMT)
Knowledge Media Institute, Berrill Building, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom, MK7 6AA
Several web tools, also known as argument mapping tools, have been developed so far, which apply an organizational and visualization approach based on argument mapping. An argument map is a representation of reasoning in which the evidential relationships among claims are made wholly explicit using graphical or other non-verbal techniques. Argument mapping provides a logical rather than time-based debate representation of users' contributions. This representation model has proved to provide users with several advantages, such as: i. encouraging evidence-based reasoning and critical thinking; ii. improving the understanding of wide amount of knowledge; iii. driving conversation toward effective deliberation; iv. expanding our capacity to grasp more complex discussions. Nevertheless those technologies still do not have widespread diffusion and the level of adoption is low.
The aim of my PhD thesis is to investigate new technological solutions to support the adoption of argument mapping tools. The main barrier to the adoption of mapping tools is the existence of constraints to the conversation that force users to respect pre-established communication formats and rules. Moreover, the literature suggests that the loss of information and feedback during conversation represents another important barrier to the adoption of mapping tools. Therefore, the loss of immediacy, due to the formalization, coupled with the lack of information about users, interaction processes, and generated content, entails the users a higher cognitive effort and time consuming to learn how to use the tool. This makes the benefit/cost ratio too low for the average user, thus causing limited adoption (Davis, 1989). To tackle this problem, we propose a Debate dashboard in order to provide users with visual feedback about the interaction between users and the content generated by them. This feedback aims at reducing cognitive efforts and making the benefits associated with using of arguments maps more evident. The dashboard will be composed of visualization tools which deliver such feedback.
The webcast was open to 100 users
| Click below to play the event (5 minutes)|
|Apologies for the occasional audio artifact in the recording.|

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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The nonclassicality of primordial gravitational waves (PGWs) is characterized in terms of sub-Poissonian graviton statistics. The sub-Poissonian statistics are realized when quantum states are squeezed coherent states. In the presence of matter fields, the Universe experiences the squeezed coherent state during inflation. The condition to realize the sub-Poissonian graviton statistics is translated into the frequency range of gravitational waves. If the initial state is the Bunch-Davies vacuum, there is another necessary condition between phases of squeezing and coherent parameters. Here, we extend the initial state to entangled states. We consider α-vacua as the initial entangled state that are more general de Sitter invariant vacua than the Bunch-Davies vacuum. We find that, unlike the Bunch-Davies vacuum, PGWs generated in the initial entangled state become sub-Poissonian without requiring the condition between the phases.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)


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The congruence of cattle breeds with inferred clusters is remarkable. K=47 frappe analysis is probably testing the limits of human visual perception...
PLoS ONE 5(9): e13038. doi:10.1371/journal.pone._PHONE_
Insights into the Genetic History of French Cattle from Dense SNP Data on 47 Worldwide Breeds
Mathieu Gautier et al.
Modern cattle originate from populations of the wild extinct aurochs through a few domestication events which occurred about 8,000 years ago. Newly domesticated populations subsequently spread worldwide following breeder migration routes. The resulting complex historical origins associated with both natural and artificial selection have led to the differentiation of numerous different cattle breeds displaying a broad phenotypic variety over a short period of time.
This study gives a detailed assessment of cattle genetic diversity based on 1,121 individuals sampled in 47 populations from different parts of the world (with a special focus on French cattle) genotyped for 44,706 autosomal SNPs. The analyzed data set consisted of new genotypes for 296 individuals representing 14 French cattle breeds which were combined to those available from three previously published studies. After characterizing SNP polymorphism in the different populations, we performed a detailed analysis of genetic structure at both the individual and population levels. We further searched for spatial patterns of genetic diversity among 23 European populations, most of them being of French origin, under the recently developed spatial Principal Component analysis framework.
Overall, such high throughput genotyping data confirmed a clear partitioning of the cattle genetic diversity into distinct breeds. In addition, patterns of differentiation among the three main groups of populations—the African taurine, the European taurine and zebus—may provide some additional support for three distinct domestication centres. Finally, among the European cattle breeds investigated, spatial patterns of genetic diversity were found in good agreement with the two main migration routes towards France, initially postulated based on archeological evidence.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


The Luecke Farm Landmark You Can See From Space
In this week's Maphead column, Ken Jennings zooms in on the planet's biggest stretch of graffiti, courtesy of Jimmie Luecke in Texas.
Image may contain Landscape Outdoors Nature Scenery Aerial View and Rug
It's said that when John Hancock signed the Declaration of Independence, he joked, "There! Now the king can read that without his spectacles." Since 1776, Hancock's name has been synonymous with large writing, but America's gotten a lot bigger since then, and so has our writing. A five-inch signature just isn't enough anymore. Today, if you want to put your name on the map, you can literally put your name on the map.
Everything's bigger in Texas.
Jimmie Luecke was a young Texas state trooper who left the highway patrol in 1980 to try his hand at oil drilling. The Austin chalk oil boom made him a millionaire, and so he bought some land outside Smithville, Texas and settled down to raise cattle. In the late '90s, while clearing new grazing land on his ranch, Luecke decided on a Texas-sized display of ego. As he bulldozed up the brush, he left behind the word LUECKE in neat kilometer-tall letters. It was the biggest signature in human history.
NASA calibrates its instruments to Luecke's autograph.
The Luecke ranch lies directly along major flight paths, including most westbound flights out of Houston, so the giant name quickly became a landmark for commercial pilots. Luecke has been criticized online for clear-cutting so many acres of Lost Pines Forest, an isolated belt of loblolly pines that's unique in Texas. But at least he has some admirers at NASA. Luecke's "handwriting" is so precise that in 2003, NASA scientists were able to use the 2.5-mile-long name "for evaluating spatial resolution of astronaut photographs."
A disastrous brush fire threatens Luecke's good name.
In October 2015, a wildfire swept across the dry grass of Bastrop County, burning 4,582 acres and 64 homes. The Hidden Pines fire left the "Luecke" trees untouched, but investigators determined that it was a spark under one of the Luecke ranch's tractors that started the blaze. Luecke's attorneys says that the family isn't liable for the accidental damage, but 22 families who lost their homes disagree, and have filed suit.
Arab oil money challenges Texas oil money on the map.
For seven years, Luecke had a rival: Hamad Bin Hamdan Al Nahyan, the flamboyant Emirati billionaire known as "the Rainbow Sheikh." Among Hamad's many eccentricities, he owns a custom globe-shaped motor home painted to resemble the Earth—but at exactly one-millionth scale! But in 2005, he took his apparent geo-geekery to a whole new level by carving his name in the sand of Al Futaisi island, off Abu Dhabi. The two-mile-long signature was made of connected canals that would fill with water when tides rose in the Persian Gulf. But in 2012, Hamad apparently bored of his billboard-for-aliens, and had it erased. Jimmie Luecke is once again the graffiti champ of planet Earth.


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Submitted to: Soil Science Society of America Annual Meeting
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: 11/9/2000
Publication Date: N/A
Technical Abstract: Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) soil test calibration and correlation data were developed many years ago in Louisiana. There is some concern that fertilizer recommendations based on these data are inadequate for modern high-yielding crops. The purpose of this research was to verify the accuracy of our current soil test P and K data and fertilizer recommendations. In the years 1992 to 1999, experiments were conducted with corn, cotton, rice, soybean, and sugarcane at 36 on-farm locations throughout Louisiana. Fertilizer recommendations were correct in 24 of the 36 trials (66% accuracy). Responses to P and K fertilizer did not occur when soil test P or K was rated high or very high. For the 12 trials in which recommendations were incorrect, fertilizer addition did not increase yield, even though soil test results indicated that a response should occur. Accuracy was greatest (90%) in trials with corn, and poorest (29%) in trials with soybean, suggesting that soybean yields often are affected by factors other than P or K fertility. In general, the results of these trials suggest that the current P and K fertilizer recommendations are accurate for the most of the major agronomic crops grown in Louisiana.


A Road to the Grothendieck Spectral Sequence:Derived Functors II
In the previous post, I gave a little glimpse into derived functors and somewhat motivated their construction. In this post, we'll get our hands dirty with homological algebra to continue setting up the required machinery and go through many proofs.
In the previous post, I promised to continue the proof of a lemma which establishes a long exact sequence. Before giving the proof, let me mention a few facts which will be useful.
If we're given a short exact sequence 0 \to I \to A \to B \to 0 in an abelian category where I is an injective object. From the map I \to I and the monomorphism I \hookrightarrow A, we can extend to a map A \to I such that the composition is the identity. Using the Splitting Lemma, one obtains a non-canonical splitting A \simeq I \oplus B. Applying F,
0 \to F(A) \to F(I) \oplus F(B) \to F(B).
The identity map B \to B factors through the projection map \pi:A \to B, the same holds true after applying F, in particular, the last map is surjective!
0 \to F(A) \to F(I) \oplus F(B) \to F(B) \to 0.
Proof of Lemma 1:
Step 1:A morphism between objects with injective resolution induces a chain map between the resolutions
Let \phi:A \to B be a morphism between two objects with injective resolutions A_{\bullet},B_{\bullet}. In the figure below, the map \phi_{0} is constructed from the fact that d_{0}:A \to I_{0} is a monomorphism and there is a map A \to B \to I'_{0} from A to an injective object.
Now, there is a monomorphism I_{0}/ker(d_{1})=I_{0}/Im(d_{0})=Coker(A \to I_{0}) \hookrightarrow I_{1}. Next, note that by the commutativity of the square already defined, \phi_{0} takes Im(d_{0})=Ker(d_{1}) to Ker(d'_{1})=Im(d'_{0}) by the fact that d'{1}d'_{0}=0 by exactness of the lower sequence. This means that the map \phi_{0} induces a morphism h_{0}: Coker(A \to I_{0}) \to Coker(B \to I'_{0}) and by exactness, we can compose this with B/Ker(d'_{1}) to get a map Coker(A \to I_{0}) \to I'_{1}. Since I'_{1}, we get the required map \phi_{1}. Inductively continue this process to get the entire chain map. Note that all the maps defined from the injective object property are not unique.
Step 2:Proving that any two such extensions are chain-homotopic
Let f_{n},g_{n} be two chain maps from A \to I_{\bullet} to B \to I'_{\bullet}.
Continue reading "A Road to the Grothendieck Spectral Sequence:Derived Functors II"


Edit Article
Two Methods:Removing gripsApplying grips
On a bicycle, sometimes it's very hard to get your new rubber handlebar grips on. This will help you put it on easily and not have it slip off later.
Method 1 of 2: Removing grips
 1. 1
 Sometimes careful cutting with a razor blade is necessary. Try not to scratch your chrome. If you want to save the grips without cutting, spray WD-40 between grip and handlebar. It WILL penetrate all the way down. Twist to spread WD-40 inside, and pull off. Stick a screwdriver between the bar and the grip if you cannot get under the grip well.
 2. 2
 Clean bar with soap/water to remove WD-40. Dry bar thoroughly! Don't leave handlebars soapy or wet.
 3. 3
 You can also use compressed air from a compressor or can to remove a grip. Place a needle/nozzle between the grip and the handlebar, and the air will allow the grip to slide off the bar. Since you won't be placing a lubricant on the bar, you will not need to clean it off. Use the proper precautions whenever you use compressed air tools or products to prevent explosions or other injuries.
Method 2 of 2: Applying grips
 1. 1
 Apply a squirt of hairspray or hand sanitizer inside the grip.
 2. 2
 3. 3
 - Ordinary spit will also work, if you don't have hairspray or sanitizer.
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text:
Where is it?
Lundys Lane is an unincorporated area along Route 18 in Elk Creek Township, east of Albion and south of Cranesville.
What's the story?
The decisive Battle of Lake Erie -- famously led by Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry in 1813 during the War of 1812 -- is well-known throughout the region. But lesser-known is one of the bloodiest land battles of the war, waged on July 25, 1814, at Lundy's Lane (sometimes referred to as "Lundy" or "Lundys") in Ontario. It was during this battle near Niagara Falls, between the evenly matched British and American forces, that 1,731 soldiers were killed or wounded, according to online encyclopedia Brittanica.com.
It was this battle, too, that received a local tribute. A few decades after the clash -- in a part of Elk Creek Township that is nearly 140 miles by land from the battle site -- a new post office south of Cranesville was built to accommodate a growing population. Maj. James Fleming, a veteran of the War of 1812 and a local resident, is credited with naming that area Lundys Lane.
-- Lindsey Poisson


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A medical exam is a process to examine a person's health condition by considering their medical history and physical health. An immigration medical exam is a mandatory part of immigrating to the US and becoming a permanent resident. It is also known as a medical exam for a green card. When you go for the immigration medical exam, you should bring your passport and other information about your health, such as the medications you're taking these days. The primary purpose of carrying out this immigration medical exam is to ensure that the health condition of that applicant doesn't pose a risk to the public health and safety of United States residents.
Any of these health conditions may declare an applicant inadmissible:
- Infectious diseases of public health significance
- Lack of required vaccination (polio, mumps, measles, hepatitis A & B, influenza type B, retrovirus, meningococcal) proofs
- Drug addiction
- Mental or physical disorder
Immigration Physical exam
An immigration medical exam is not a complete test. After passing the immigration medical exam, the doctor will give you a physical examination. The immigration physical exam will include looking at:
- Lymph nodes
- External genitals
- Chest X-ray
- Blood test
Passing a medical exam and physical exam is crucial to show that you are not inadmissible to the US and can be issued with Green Card, Permanent residence, passport, or immigration visa.
Basic steps for the medical exam for a passport
A panel physician conducts all the tests, asks questions, and collects the other information by physical observation. The immigration medical exam for Passport and Citizenship consists of three basic procedures:
- Physical examination
- Evaluation to examine skin health and chest condition
- Blood test for syphilis
You should be prepared for the following information inquiries by the panel physician:
- During the immigration medical exam, the panel of physicians will ask you for your medical history about your previous medications, or if you had to be put in an institution for a chronic physical or mental condition.
- The doctor will also ask you about your addiction to alcohol or your history of psychiatric illness.
- The doctor will conduct your chest X-ray to review your history of tuberculosis.
- The panel will also review your studies and previous employment records to determine your harmful behavior related to physical or mental disorders.
- The doctors will also ask you about some symptoms that will suggest you suffer from cardiovascular, pulmonary, or neuropsychiatric disorders.
Documents preparation for immigration medical exam
It is best to have as many relevant documents as possible to reduce the delay in a green card or Citizenship procedure. When you go for an immigration medical exam, you should bring the following items along with you:
- Original and valid passport
- Readable photocopy of the passport
- Medical reports and medicines of the past or present health status
- Required fee
- Vaccination records
- Tuberculosis certificate
Citizenship in the United States
The lawful permanent residence in the United States consider the following status for immigration medical exam:
- Family relations
- Diversity lottery
- Personal investment
- Employment sponsorship
You're required to take the immigration medical exam and immigration physical exam regardless of the basis on which you seek green card status.
Medical exam for the green card
The purpose of the green card medical exam is to ensure that the applicant seeking a green card has no health condition that makes it risky for the health of the United States people. The preparation of the medical exam depends on whether you're in the United States or outside the united states
If you're in the United States
If you're living in the United States, you'll need to make an appointment with a USCIS-designated civil surgeon for medical and physical examination. These civil doctors receive instructions from the "Center for Disease Control and Prevention" to examine the medical applicants. After the medical exam and physical exam conduction for green card or citizenship purposes, the results and findings are sealed in an I-693 form.
If you are out of the United States
You will take the consular process if you are living outside the United States. In this case, you'll file the application with the US "Department of the State" for an immigration visa at the United States embassy. The United States Department of State will conduct a medical examination for Passport or Citizenship purposes. The results and findings of this exam will be mentioned in the "Medical Examination for Immigrant or Refugee Application Form".
The medical exam for a passport, the medical exam for citizenship, and the medical exam for a green card all have similar basic steps, physical tests, documents, and conditions to declare an applicant inadmissible. The medical exam is crucial to ensure the US government that this applicant's health has no risk to public safety and health. Immigration medical exam also includes a physical medical exam to examine the senses and functioning of the lungs and heart. The medical exam for a passport, the medical exam for a green card, and the medical exam for citizenship require some relevant documents. Three basic steps are followed to complete the process of the medical exam. The medical exam is mandatory whether you're living in the United States or not. The results of the medical exam and physical exam are sealed in the forms for a future procedure.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
 1. A link says:
 Any type of algebraic structure on subsets of $S$ that is defined purely in terms of closure properties will be preserved under intersection. Examples are σ-algebras, π-systems, λ-systems, or monotone classes of subsets.
 Note however, this does not apply to semi-algebras, because the semi-algebras is not defined purely in terms of closure properties (the condition on $A^c$ is not a closure property).
 $S$ is said to be a semi-algebra if it is closed under intersection and if complements can be written as finite, disjoint unions:
 - If $A,B∈S$ then $A∩B∈S$.
 - If $A∈S$ then there exists a finite, disjoint collection $\{B_i:i∈I\}⊆S$ such that $A^c=⋃_{i∈I} B_i$.
 In "the condition on $A^c$ is not a closure property",
 - what does "the condition on a set operation such as taking complement is not a closure property" mean?
 - What is the meaning of "closure properties"?
 How do you see the family of semi-algebras (aka semi-rings) of sets isn't closed under intersection?
 2. Michael Greinecker also commented: The family of semi-rings on a set are not closed under intersections.
 BTW, if I am correct, the concept of a semi-algebra of sets is the same as semi-ring of sets in Wikipedia.
Thanks and regards!
share|improve this question
The family of all bounded intervals is a semi-ring on $\mathbb{R}$ but not a semi-algebra (since the complement is unbounded and hence not a finite union of bounded sets). – Michael Greinecker Jan 6 '13 at 0:47
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1 Answer
up vote 2 down vote accepted
Closure properties can be formulated in terms of concepts from universal algebra. Let $X$ be the underlying set (in our examples, $X$ is a famly of sets itself). Let $I$ be an index set, $(\kappa_i)_{i\in I}$ be a family of cardinal numbers and $(f_i)_{i\in I}$ a family of function satisfying $f_i:X^{\kappa_i}\to X$ for all $i$. We say that $C\subseteq X$ is closed under $(f_i)_{i\in I}$ if we have for all $i\in I$ that $f_i(x)\in C$ for all $x\in C^{\kappa_i}$. One can show that the family of sets closed under $(f_i)_{i\in I}$ forms a Moore collection.
Let's look an an example: Let $U$ be a set and $X\subseteq 2^U$. We let $I=\{s,c,u\}$, $\kappa_s=0$, $\kappa_c=1$, and $\kappa_u=\omega$. We identify constants and nullary functions, so we can let $f_s=U$. We let $f_c(A)=A^C$ for all $A\in X$, and we let $f_u(A_0,A_1,\ldots)=\bigcup_n A_n$. That $X$ is closed under these three functions means simply that it contains $X$, is closed under complements and countable unionsit is a $\sigma$-algebra.
Now, one cannot write down semi-algebras this way, since there is no unique decomposition of the complement into disjoint sets. If $\mathcal{S}$ is a semi-algebra and $A\in\mathcal{S}$, then there exists a number $n$ and sets $B_1,\ldots,B_n\in\mathcal{S}$ that are disjoint and such that $A_c=B_1\cup\ldots\cup B_n$. Now if there exists a unique such family and if this family only depended on $A$, we could write down this property as closure under some functions in the following way: We let $f_{c_1}=B_1,\ldots, f_{c_n}=B_n$, and for $m>n$ we let $f_{c_m}=f_{c_n}$. We use the last condition because we have no a priori bound on how many sets are needed. But these sets are not a function of $A$, so this property can not be viewed as a closure property.
Here is an explicit example (taken from Alprantis & Border) that shows that the intersection of sem-algebras might fail to be a semi-algebra: Let $X=\{0,1,2\}$, $\mathcal{S}_1=\big\{\emptyset, X,\{0\},\{1\},\{2\}\big\}$, $\mathcal{S}_2=\big\{\emptyset, X,\{0\},\{1,2\}\big\}$, and $A=\{0\}$. We have $\mathcal{S}_1\cap\mathcal{S}_2=\big\{X,\emptyset,\{0\}\big\}$, and $A^C=\{0\}^C=\{1,2\}$ is not the disjoint union of elements of this intersection.
share|improve this answer
Thanks! (1) How is $C\subseteq X$ closed under $(f_i: X^{\kappa_i} \to X)_{i \in I}$ related to the example for semi-algebras? (2) For semi-algebras, why do "there do no unique decomposition of the complement into disjoint sets (even then, one would need a hack)" and "a function can have only one value" matter? What is "a function"? – Tim Jan 6 '13 at 14:33
_USER_ I've edited it and hope have clarified these issues. – Michael Greinecker Jan 6 '13 at 22:19
Thanks! I edited some places I thought were typos. Feel free to edit again if I am wrong. I was wondering if the definition of a set operation having closure property comes from some references? – Tim Jan 7 '13 at 14:02
_USER_ All things closure operations I learned from the Handbook of Analysis and its Foundations by E. Schechter. – Michael Greinecker Jan 7 '13 at 14:13
Thanks! Besides the two books, what other books in analysis do you recommend? – Tim Jan 11 '13 at 21:36
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text:
Everything Is Under Control
"[This exhibition] explores the wide field predictability and uncertainty, the instability and relative balances of systems and the processes which unfold in them."
Susanne Jaschko and Lucas Evers, curators.
✦ Everything Is Under Control is a prototype originally built for the Process As Paradigm workshop at LABoral. A light beam moves over the soil in a seemingly random fashion. Only over time the grass will grow in to a pattern, eventually revealing the message. How readable the message will be however is uncertain. This ongoing process is a silent dialogue between natural emergence and mechanical control. Designed in collaboration with Cathrine Kramer. Developed with Daniel Artamendi and Raquel Gallego de Lorenzo.
- Process As Paradigm, LABoral, April 2010


text:
A mathematical model for the input/output characteristic of a single-stage triode vacuumtube amplifier is presented. The model, basically a cosine-series function, can easily yield closed-form series expressions for the amplitudes of the output components resulting from multisinusoidal input signals to the amplifier. The special case of an equal-amplitude twotone input signal is considered in detail. The results show that, similar to transistor-based amplifiers, the vacuum triode amplifier generates both evenand oddorder harmonic and intermodulation components. The results also show that the amplitudes of these components are strongly dependent on the tube parameters, the biasing voltage, and the amplitudes of the input tones and are not following a general pattern.
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text:
Sheheke's Wife, Yellow Corn
Sheheke's Wife, Yellow Corn (1807)1
by Charles Balthazar Julien Fevret de Saint Memin
Pencil and charcoal on paper; 21-1/4 by 15-1/4 inches.
According to an observer at a New Year's Day celebration at Washington City in 1807, Yellow Corn had "pretty features, a pale yellowish hue, bunches of ear-rings, and her hair divided in the middle, a red line running right across from the back part of the forehead."2
1. The artist himself erroneously labeled the portrait, at the left edge, jeune indienne des iowas du missoury--"Indian girl of the Iowas of the Missouri." Ellen G. Miles, Saint-Memin and the Neoclassical Profile Portrait in America (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994), 434–35.
2. Ibid., p. 146.


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472. 12 U.S.C. § 3405—Administrative subpena and summons
A Government authority may obtain financial records under section 3402(2) of this title pursuant to an administrative subpena or summons otherwise authorized by law only if--
 1. there is reason to believe that the records sought are relevant to a legitimate law enforcement inquiry;
 2. a copy of the subpena or summons has been served upon the customer or mailed to his last known address on or before the date on which the subpena or summons was served on the financial institution together with the following notice which shall state with reasonable specificity the nature of the law enforcement inquiry:
 "Records or information concerning your transactions held by the financial institution named in the attached subpena or summons are being sought by this (agency or department) in accordance with the Right to Financial Privacy Act of 1978 [12 U.S.C.A. § 3401 et seq.] for the following purpose: If you desire that such records or information not be made available, you must:
 1. Fill out the accompanying motion paper and sworn statement or write one of your own, stating that you are the customer whose records are being requested by the Government and either given that the records are not relevant to the legitimate law enforcement inquiry stated in this notice or any other legal basis for objecting to the release of the records.
 2. File the motion and statement by mailing or delivering them to the clerk of any one of the following United States district courts:
 3. Serve the Government authority requesting the records by mailing or delivering a copy of your motion and statement to.
 4. Be prepared to come to court and present your position in further detail. "
 5. You do not need to have a lawyer, although you may wish to employ one to represent you and protect your rights.
 If you do not follow the above procedures, upon the expiration of ten days from the date of service or fourteen days from the date of mailing of this notice, the records or information requested therein will be made available.
 These records may be transferred to other Government authorities for legitimate law enforcement inquiries, in which event you will be notified after the transfer."; and
 3. ten days have expired from the date of service of the notice or fourteen days have expired from the date of mailing the notice to the customer and within such time period the customer has not filed a sworn statement and motion to quash in an appropriate court, or the customer challenge provisions of section 3410 of this title have not been complied with.
Updated May 20, 2015


Get to Know About the Primitive Survival Tools That We Still Use
If you have seen someone saying, 'it is primitive', it usually means that it is not the same today as it once was. Primitive technology is the term that is used to define the ways people make things using everything from scratch. There is still a group of people who live their life without modern technology and tools, these are called primitive people. They believe that like their ancestors used to live, they can also create things from scratch and make themselves skilled enough to survive even if modern technology fades away.
Primitive technology is a genre of YouTube videos that are usually 15 minutes long. The basic idea behind these videos that everything can be made with the basic tools and without the influence of modern tools. Though the rest of the world is stocking up the resources and things to make sure they are ready for the time when there is no technology, there are people who are getting ready by making themselves capable of making things from scratch.
Though primitive people use the basic primitive survival tools to make things from scratch certain tools are primitive and are being used by many people nowadays. So, let's take a look at the primitive survival tools that were used by the oldest people to make things and are still in use.
1. The Axe
The axe is one of the tools that were used in the old times and are still used today. It has been said that the original axe was made around 1.9 million years ago during the stone age. It was nothing but all stones that were sharpened and shaped into the axe. With time, it changed and the advancements were made according to the use. There was no shaft in the old axe but today, we have developed a shaft that helps in swinging. Today, this tool is used for several purposes such as chopping, cutting, hunting, and war. There are several variations made to the axe according to the purpose it is fulfilling today.
2. Saw
Though today, we see the saw being used as a weapon for execution and torture, it was never meant for that purpose. Originally, the saw was made by odd materials such as flint and seashells but as time passed and technology advanced, people started making it from copper and iron. Saw was never this much sharper, stronger, and effective as it is today. Saw was designed for construction and today, with the advancements and changes, it is still used for construction.
3. Bow and Arrow
Bow and arrow is another tool that was used in the old-time and is still being used for various purposes. It is said by historians that the original bow and arrow was made in Africa around 64,000 years ago. Bow and arrow became common when those people who made it, migrated with them to different places. Originally, the tool is meant to hunt food but as the war became common, sadly it became a weapon against humanity.
Bow and arrow have different purposes such as it is a hunting device and it is also used in athletic competitions. While there are regions, the bow and arrow are stills used to hunt food.
4. Hammer
The hammer is similar to a hand axe and it is said that it is the combination of club and hand axe. The hammer was used for construction but it was also a means for hunting and fighting. At first, it was just a blunted stone but as the technology evolved, the hammer was made by molding the iron into a shaft to hit nails to wood and to wedge things together As of today, many different hammers exist depending on the material they are made from and for the purpose they are made.
5. Knives
It is one of the most versatile and commonly used primitive tools that is being used today. Even today, there are several purposes for using a knife such as self-defense, chopping food, hunting, surgical purposes, and many other things. It is said the knives are made from the axe and it has remained in its original design for most of the part.
Knives are made from various materials such as steel, iron, and ceramic composites. The originals were made from stones, seashells, and animal bones. Today, it is being made from different materials and is used for different purposes.
These are some of those tools that were used by the people who made things originally from scratch. These are the people who made these tools from scratch but we are still using these tools for our common use in this modern world.


Self-shrinking generator
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A self-shrinking generator is a pseudorandom generator, which is based on the shrinking generator concept. Variants of the self-shrinking generator based on a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) are studied for use in cryptography.
In difference to the shrinking generator, which uses a second feedback shift register to control the output of the first, the self-shrinking generator uses alternating output bits of a single register to control its final output. The procedure for clocking this kind of generator is as follows:
 1. Clock two bits from the LFSR.
 2. If the pair is 10 output a zero.
 3. If the pair is 11 output a one.
 4. Otherwise, output nothing.
 5. Return to step one.
This example will use the connection polynomial x8 + x4 + x3 + x2 + 1, and an initial register fill of 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0.
Below table lists, for each iteration of the LFSR, its intermediate output before self-shrinking, as well as the final generator output. The tap positions defined by the connection polynomial are marked with blue headings. The state of the zeroth iteration represents the initial input.
Iteration # 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Intermediate output Generator output
0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 N/A N/A
2 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
3 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0
4 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0
At the end of four iterations, the following sequence of intermediate bits is produced: 0110.
The first pair of bits, 01, is discarded since it does not match either 10 or 11. The second pair of bits, 10, matches the second step of the algorithm so a zero is output.
More bits are created by continuing to clock the LFSR and shrinking its output as described above.
In their paper [1], Meier and Steffelbach prove that a LFSR based self-shrinking generator with a connection polynomial of length L results in an output sequence period of at least 2L/2, and a linear complexity of at least 2L/2-1.
Furthermore, they show that any self-shrinking generator can be represented as a shrinking-generator. The inverse is also true: Any shrinking generator can be implemented as a self-shrinking generator, although the resultant generator may not be of maximal length.
An attack presented by the authors requires about 20.7L steps, assuming a known connection polynomial.
A more advanced attack [2], discovered by Mihaljević, is able to break a register a hundred bits in length in around 257 steps, using an output sequence of only 4.9 x 108 bits.
 - [1] "The self-shrinking generator", Advances in Cryptology-Eurocrypt 1994 (LNCS 950), 205-214, 1995.
 - [2] "An security examination of the self-shrinking generator", Circencester, UK, December 1995.
Further reading[edit]


EIXO Program - Audiences with specific needs
EIXO (axis) is the foundation when building a house. This program is, in essence, the column of the Educational Service of the Carlos Machado Museum, a museum that values inclusiveness, of all and for all.
Diversity means different experiences of the world around us. In a Museum, this reality is notorious, since in its physical space, some people might have difficulties, either for physical or mental and cognitive reasons, to enjoy what the Museum has to offer in its fullness.
This project arises to make the museum the most inclusive possible through the Educational Service.
These actions take shape through visits guided by a member of the Educational Service to the various exhibitions that the museum presents, using mediation techniques and objects that meet the needs of the public; workshops that explore the Museum's collections; conversation sessions, debates, encouraging new perspectives on the museum's collections.
Within the scope of the EIXO program, we develop activities according to the needs of our audiences. Therefore, we ask interested entities to contact the Educational Service in order to prepare an appropriate visit to the specificities of each group.


text:
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text:
Mexican rice borers have crawled into southwestern Louisiana rice plants and are heading for the nation's sugar bowl, where the inch-long moth grubs are a much bigger threat.
Although they can do serious damage in rice fields, crawling in and out of the narrow stalks makes the caterpillars vulnerable to pesticides, while fat sugar canes give them permanent shelter, LSU Agricultural Center entomologist Gene Reagan said.
Louisiana grows about 40 percent of the nation's sugar, with another 45 percent or more grown in Florida. It's the nation's third-biggest rice-growing state, behind Arkansas and California.
The one Louisiana rice paddy where Mexican rice borers have been found so far was near Vinton, though they probably are in others, AgCenter rice expert Johnny Saichuk said Tuesday.
"It causes what farmers call a whitehead.... Grains are blanked out because there's no nutrients being carried up" the injured stem, he said.
He said the Vinton-area farmer had planted his other rice fields with insecticide-treated seeds, and they were fine. The infested field is one where he raises crawfish after harvesting rice, Saichuk said. To keep from poisoning his crawfish, he used untreated seed.
As the moth's range expands, it will become a problem for more farmers who rotate rice and crawfish, Saichuk said -- though even before its arrival, "the marriage between rice and crawfish production turned out not to be as good as people first envisioned."
The grubs, which hatch into brown moths about a half-inch to three-quarters of an inch long, eat a wide variety of grains and grasses.
U.S. entomologists found them in Arizona in 1917 and in California in the 1920s. But the threat to Louisiana's sugar became apparent only in the 1980s, when they reached some experimental sugarcane fields in Texas, Reagan said.
Reagan went to some of those farms. At that time, farmers still set fire to their fields just before harvest to burn the leaves from the stalks.
"There were more than a few fields that the farmers could not harvest at all. There was nothing to carry to the mill. They'd try to burn the trash and the field would just completely burn up," he said.
Reagan said it will probably take them another year or so to reach commercial sugarcane fields in Louisiana.
He and Texas A&M entomologist M.O. "Mo" Way have been studying ways to control the bug in sugarcane since the 1980s. Their list is topped by irrigation. Though the moths lay eggs on some green foliage in rice, "on sugarcane we've never found them on anything but brown and dying foliage," Reagan said.
Many pests tend to lay more eggs in stressed plants, and dry sugarcane leaves provide extra protection from weather and predators, he said: as the leaves wilt they fold, and eggs touch both sides of the fold.
Because Louisiana gets more rain than the Rio Grande Valley, the cane may be less attractive to the moths, he said. Agronomists also have been working to breed varieties of sugarcane that are resistant to the grubs -- and one of Reagan's students recently worked out why pesticides don't control the rice borer well in sugarcane. "The insect goes into the plant very quickly" after hatching, Reagan said.
He said the student, Blake Wilson, also has been working on how to time the pesticide. When traps baited with the sex attractant of female moths catch 20 to 25 male moths a week, pesticide residue is most likely to poison grubs as they hatch, he said.
All of that research has been done in the Rio Grande Valley and Beaumont areas. "We wouldn't even think of studying the live insect here at LSU until the insect is already here," he said.
"We've learned a lot about the ways we're going to try to manage the insect and get ready for it."
By Janet McConnaughey, Associated Press


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When your pet urinates on or in your luggage, it can be quite difficult to remove the stubborn smells and stains. Although it takes a bit of time, you can clean pet urine from your luggage by saturating it with vinegar, sprinkling the stain with baking soda, and, if the smell is still lingers, applying a hydrogen peroxide solution. You can also try to clean the urine from your luggage in the washing machine, with an enzymatic pet cleaner, or with an odor-eliminating pouch.
Method 1 of 2:
Using Vinegar, Baking Soda, and Hydrogen Peroxide
 1. 1
 Dab the suitcase with paper towels to soak up the urine. If the pet urine is fresh and still wet, press a few paper towels down onto the wet spot and hold it there for a few seconds to soak up as much of the urine as possible. Then, with fresh paper towels, continue dabbing the wet spot until the paper towels come up dry.[1]
 - You can also use an old rag instead of paper towels.
 - Make sure that you dab the urine spot instead of rubbing, which can cause the urine smell to spread across the fabric.[2]
 2. 2
 Fill an empty spray bottle with distilled white vinegar. Make sure that the spray bottle is clean. Then, replace the sprayer cap onto the bottle. This will allow you to apply to the vinegar to the urine stain without having to saturate a larger area of the suitcase.
 - If the smell of straight vinegar is too strong for you, you can dilute it with water by adding 3 parts water to every 1 part of distilled white vinegar in the spray bottle.[3]
 3. 3
 Spray the urine stained spot with the vinegar. With the vinegar-filled spray bottle, spray the urine spot until it's completely saturated. Then, if the pet urine is on soft luggage, turn the luggage over and spray the opposite side of the fabric where the urine spot is located as well. This will help you remove any urine stains and odors that may have seeped into the luggage fabric.[4]
 - If the pet urine spot is on hard luggage, you can just spray the spot on one side.
 4. 4
 Set the luggage outside to dry completely. Once the urine spot is completely saturated with white vinegar, leave it to dry completely for several hours or overnight. If possible, place the luggage outside so that the fresh air will help remove the urine odor even more.[5]
 - If you want to speed up the drying time, you can blot up some of the vinegar with a paper towel after it's soaked through the fabric.
 5. 5
 Sprinkle baking soda over the dried urine spot.[6] Once your luggage is completely dry, pour a light layer of baking soda over the entire urine spot area. This will help neutralize any remaining odors even more.[7]
 - If the urine spot was small or didn't have a strong smell, you can skip the next steps and leave the baking soda alone to absorb any lingering odors overnight.[8] If the odor is strong, however, you'll likely need to add the hydrogen peroxide and dish soap solution on top of the baking soda.
 6. 6
 Add hydrogen peroxide and dish detergent if the odor is strong. In a small bowl, mix 34 cup (180 mL) of hydrogen peroxide with 1 teaspoon (4.9 mL) of dishwashing detergent. Then, slowly pour the solution over the baking soda-covered urine stain. Use a scrub brush or old toothbrush to mix the baking soda with the solution and work it into the luggage fabric.[9]
 - While using baking soda alone can neutralize some pet urine odors from luggage, adding the hydrogen peroxide and dish soap solution will help neutralize the urine smell if it was still strong after soaking in white vinegar.
 - The solution will likely start to bubble as you pour it over the baking soda.
 7. 7
 Leave the baking soda and solution to dry overnight.[10] Once you've worked the solution into the fabric, leave it to dry completely overnight or for several hours. This will give the baking soda, hydrogen peroxide, and dish soap time to neutralize the urine odors, kill any germs, and remove the urine stains from the fabric.[11]
 8. 8
 Vacuum up the dried mixture before using the luggage. Using your vacuum hand-held attachment, vacuum up the remaining baking soda and dried hydrogen peroxide and dish detergent mixture from the luggage fabric. In most cases, the urine stain will be gone and your luggage will be ready to use.[12]
 - If there's still a lingering urine odor or stain, you can repeat this whole process again.
Method 2 of 2:
Using Other Cleaning Methods
 1. 1
 Put your luggage in the washing machine if it's machine washable. If your pet urinated on a small piece of luggage, such as a backpack or soft fabric suitcase, you may be able to deodorize and sanitize it by washing it in the washing machine. Before placing it the washing machine, however, make sure that you check the instructions on the care tag so you'll know how to wash it correctly.[13]
 - If the urine smell is strong, you can add baking soda to the washing machine to help remove the odor even more.
 2. 2
 Try an enzymatic pet cleaner and deodorizer. There are several enzymatic pet cleaners on the market that can remove urine stains and eliminate lingering odors. Most enzymatic pet cleaners come in either a powder, similar to baking soda, or in a liquid sprayer.[14]
 - If you purchase a powder enzymatic pet cleaner, in most cases, you sprinkle it over the urine stain as you would baking soda, and leave it to soak up the stain and odors for several hours before vacuuming it up.
 - When using a liquid spray enzymatic pet cleaners, you'll generally spray the liquid on the urine spot as you would white vinegar, and leave it to air dry completely.
 3. 3
 Make an odor-eliminating pouch to absorb lingering odors. If you've cleaned your luggage thoroughly but there's still a lingering odor, you can try to get rid of it by making an odor-eliminating pouch and leaving it in your luggage when you're not using it. For example, try making your own pet urine odor-eliminating pouch by placing a scoop of new kitty litter and a dryer sheet in a small sachet. Tie the sachet up so nothing spills out, then leave it in your suitcase to deodorize over time.
 - You can also pour about 3 drops of your favorite essential oils onto a few cotton balls and place them inside the luggage.[15] You can leave the scented cotton balls loose or put them in a sachet to keep them together.
 - You can also purchase pre-filled odor-eliminating pouches.
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 About This Article
 Melanie Garcia
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 Professional House Cleaner
 This article was co-authored by Melanie Garcia. Melanie Garcia is the Co-Owner of Oranges & Lemons, a small, family cleaning business based in Downtown Los Angeles, California (DTLA) in operation for over 40 years. Oranges & Lemons operates while partnering with the National Domestic Workers Alliance and Hand in Hand: Domestic Employers Network. This article has been viewed 7,316 times.
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6 Weird Baby Questions --- Answered
Why does a baby's first head of hair fall out?
Basically, for the same reason you find yourself shedding like a Saint Bernard after giving birth: a drop in hormones. "High estrogen levels in your body during pregnancy cause both your and your baby's hair to grow, with less resting or shedding," says Jennifer Shu, M.D., an Atlanta pediatrician and coauthor of Heading Home With Your Newborn. Postpartum, your estrogen levels plummet -- and so do your baby's because he's no longer getting his hormones from you.
You both enter a shedding stage called "telogen effluvium." This lasts about six months for your baby, possibly longer for you. Will your child become as bald as Bruce Willis? It depends on his hair's texture and whether he sits up early (then he won't spend as much time rubbing his head against mattresses and activity mats). All the while, though, new hair is sprouting. Just don't be shocked if this do is way different -- most infants' second headful is darker and coarser.
Is having a baby painful for other animals?
Since most mammals don't bellow during labor (except for us and a few others, such as Sumatran rhinos), it's easy to assume they're not in pain. But, says Terri Roth, Ph.D., a reproductive physiologist at the Cincinnati Zoo, "it just isn't to their advantage to make a big production. They're trying to stay quiet and hidden, especially from predators." Our animal sisters are suffering, though.
Consider dogs. The first time they give birth, they're often in such pain that they have to be stopped from biting their emerging puppies, says breeder Donna Pitt of Newport, Virginia. Most other mammals, from guinea pigs to giraffes, will pace, lie down and get up repeatedly, and be unable to sleep when delivery is imminent, Roth says. Some paw the ground. "Eventually they start straining when they go into labor. You can see their hind legs stretch out behind them, and the muscles on their sides contracting," she explains. The only mammals that seem to escape this ordeal are those whose newborns are tiny and presumably slip out easily -- bears and kangaroos, for instance. (Lucky them.)
And how about birds? Could laying an egg -- in some cases one a fifth the mom's size -- hurt, too? You bet. Most birds breathe hard while laying; their bills open and shut and their tails bob, says Roth's colleague David Oehler, an ornithologist. Afterward, they enter a motionless "recovery phase." (During which, presumably, they're pining for a little Tylenol.)
What makes a baby's eyes change color?
Your infant's peepers are a work in progress. At birth, they often don't contain enough of a brownish or yellowish pigment called melanin to show their final hue. In fact, blue or gray eyes (common in fair-haired newborns) have almost no melanin, says Dr. Shu. But during your baby's first 6 to 12 months, her irises -- the eyes' colored parts -- make more of it and darken. In some people, complete pigmentation doesn't occur until adulthood.
Babies with blue or gray eyes tend to have fair skin, which is good for absorbing vitamin D from sunlight and building healthy bones. On the other hand, people who have darker eyes and darker skin are less likely to develop melanoma. Plus, Dr. Shu says, "they usually have higher levels of folate in their bodies, which helps maintain healthy red blood cells, nerves, and muscles."
How come I smell that diaper and my husband doesn't?
He probably isn't faking (at least not every time). "Women generally have a more acute sense of smell than men and can better distinguish between different odors," says Vitaly Vodyanoy, Ph.D., a professor of physiology at Auburn University, in Alabama. One thing women smell better is skatole, a key component of the odor of poop, according to research at Cardiff University, in Wales. Hormones may play a part in all this: During ovulation and pregnancy, when estrogen levels rise, so does your sniffing superiority. But, hey, Dad can still be trained to detect a full diaper by its appearance (and weight!).
How likely is my baby to get my dimples or my husband's cleft chin?
Scientists have found a dazzling array of traits that can be determined by a single gene and run "dominant" -- meaning that if you or your spouse has one, your baby could have up to a 50 percent chance of getting it, too. Besides dimples and clefts, the list includes widow's peaks, the ability to curl your tongue, unattached earlobes (as opposed to attached ones), extreme joint flexibility, and second toes that are longer than "big" toes. Still, just because you've got cheeks like Kirsten Dunst's or a chin like Ben Affleck's, your kid may not have a fifty-fifty shot at following suit, says Emily Lisi, a genetic counselor at the Johns Hopkins University Institute of Genetic Medicine, in Baltimore. His chances go way down if you have a "complex" version of the trait, guided by both genes and environment. How can you tell? If your own mom or dad also has the trait, and inherited it from a parent, then you can be pretty sure it's the dominant form.
Why is pink for girls and blue for boys?
Today's color "rules" are relatively new. "All babies wore white for the longest time because it was easy to boil and sanitize," says Jo Paoletti, Ph.D., a historian at the University of Maryland, in College Park. In the early 1900s, colored clothes became less of a hassle with the arrival of better detergents, dyes, and washing machines. Still, today's custom emerged gradually (as recently as the 1960s, John F. Kennedy, Jr., was photographed in a pink romper). Thanks to a rise of philosophies that we should "teach" gender, parents became eager for a color code. Newer, more delicate pinks may have struck moms and dads as more feminine; blue-for-boys may have gotten help from nursery rhymes such as "Little Boy Blue."
How come little kids wiggle so much in their sleep?
Does your child wedge herself sideways in her crib or do a complete 180 by morning? A possible reason: Infants and young kids move much faster through the various sleep stages than we do and often wake briefly at the end of each, says Judith Owens, M.D., director of the Pediatric Sleep Disorders Clinic at Hasbro Children's Hospital, in Providence, RI. This means they have more awakenings than an adult -- during which they might flip around like a pancake.


How fast can a Beagle run?
 Beagles have been used for hunting from centuries and the reason behind this is not else than their running speed.Later they were being used for gaming purposes like dog race.They have been developed by breeders to be smaller in size and faster in speed.Running speed of a dog varies dog to dog.It also depends upon the condition,previous training,health and the circumstances in which his running speed is being measured.Beagles are also thought to be bred with Greyhounds to improve their running abilities.Average running speed for a Beagle is considered to be around 25-30 mph or 40-48 km/h.
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#!/usr/bin/perl -w # # compare_sequences.pl # A script to compare two sequences and output the position and base change at each position # # _EMAIL_, 22/02/2011 # # Script used to compare the cured A and C versions of the naive reference sequences # The unigene identifier needs to be the same in both sequences # can also be used to compare a cured sequence to the naive reference sequence # Input the sequences to be compare as fasta files # Outputs a list of the unigene,position within the unigene,and the base in both versions of the sequence at this position use FileHandle; # Hashes my %A=(); my %C=(); # Check arguments unless(_USER_ == 3) { print "Usage: compare_sequences.pl \n"; exit; } # Open FHs open(A, "<$ARGV[0]") or die "Couldn't open inputA fasta file ($!)\n"; open(C, "<$ARGV[1]") or die "Couldn't open inputC fasta file ($!)\n"; open(OUT, ">$ARGV[2]") or die "Couldn't open output file ($!)\n"; _TAG_ in genome A refseqs print "Reading in A genome cured refseq... "; while () { chomp; if (/^>(\S+)(.*)/) { ($id)= $1; } elsif (/^(\w+)$/) { $A{$id}.=$1; } } close A; print "done\n"; _TAG_ in genome C refseqs print "Reading in C genome cured refseq... "; while () { chomp; if (/^>(\S+)(.*)/) { ($id)= $1; } elsif (/^(\w+)$/) { $C{$id}.=$1; } } close C; print "done\n"; foreach my $id (sort keys %A) { my _USER_ = split //, $A{$id}; my _USER_ = split //, $C{$id}; foreach my $pos (0... $_TAG_) { if ( $A[$pos] ne $C[$pos]){ print OUT "$id\t"; print OUT "". $pos+1. "\t"; print OUT "$A[$pos]\t"; print OUT "$C[$pos]\t"; print OUT "\n"; } } } close OUT;


Product Details
2020 Niue 1 Ounce Dinosaurs - Pterodactyl Colored Antique Finish Silver Proof Coin
$120.00 CAD
The Pterodactyl and the 3rd issue in series, takes flight in this exciting Dinosaur Coin Collection struck in 1 ounce of.999 pure silver. The word 'Pterodactylus', commonly known as Pterodactyls, comes from the Greek meaning 'winged finger'. Pterodactylus had extremely long, specially adapted fourth fingers, to which its wings were attached.
The coin has been antiqued as part of the overall design aesthetic. The reverse shows a coloured and engraved image of the dragon-like, winged Pterodactyls in flight against a prehistoric background. The obverse features the Ian Rank-Broadley effigy of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II and is legal tender in Niue.
The numbered Certificate of Authenticity fits neatly inside a quality coin case which is placed inside a themed outer box. This certificate confirms the limited mintage of 2,000 coins.
Triceratops backstory:
Many studies conclude that Pterodactylus was a carnivore that probably preyed upon fish as well as other small animals. Like all pterosaurs, Pterodactylus had wings formed by a skin and muscle membrane stretching from its elongated fourth finger to its hind limbs. It was supported internally by collagen fibres and externally by keratinous ridges. Pterodactylus was a small pterosaur compared to other famous genera such as Pteranodon and Quetzalcoatlus, and it also lived earlier, during the Late Jurassic period, while both Pteranodon and Quetzalcoatlus lived during the Late Cretaceous Period.
Year: 2020
Quality: Proof
Denomination: 2 Dollars
Metal Content: 1 troy oz
Purity:.999
Mintage: 2,000
Diameter: 40 mm
Manufacturer: New Zealand Mint
Mint Capsule, Presentation Box and Certificate


text:
Explainers are high school students ages 14 - 17 who have been accepted into a competitive internship program and work as volunteer educators in the Everett Children's Adventure Garden.
Explainers facilitate experiences with nature and plant science for children and families. Using seasonal lessons and explorations of the garden, Explainers prepare children to use their senses as tools for exploring the garden. Explainers rotate through activity stations that are located both outside in the garden and inside the Discovery Center. They commit to a minimum of 125 training and volunteer hours.
The Everett Children's Adventure Garden is a unique, 12-acre outdoor/indoor museum at The New York Botanical Garden (in Bronx, N.Y.). In this innovative space children discover plant science through fun, hands-on, and engaging educational programs. Interactive exhibits convey different plant science concepts. Playful elements such as topiaries and mazes capture children's imaginations and create an atmosphere of exploration and fun.
Teens share a sense of community, forge new friendships, and spend time outdoors exploring nature. Teens become more self confident through public speaking, gain a deeper knowledge of a topic (plant science and ecology specifically), and share experiences with peers. MetroCards or small stipends are provided to defray the cost of transportation to and from the Garden. Benefits also include admission for Explainers' families to visit the garden, discounts at the Cafe and Shop in the Garden as well as documentation of service hours and recommendations for college or other scholarship programs.
Twenty-five new Intern Explainers are accepted into the program three times a year (see dates on the right-side of the page). During the school year, Explainers volunteer on weekends and optional school holidays. Weekend shifts last 4.5 hours in either the morning or afternoon. In addition to a weekend shift, summer interns also volunteer for two 4.5-hour weekday shifts, Tuesdays through Fridays. At the beginning of each new session, Explainers are given six months after the first training date to complete the 125 hours.
How do teens become Explainers?
Applications are reviewed within the week of the Open House/Application Deadline (see dates on the right-side of the page). Applicants who are invited to be interviewed will be contacted via e-mail within five business days of the application deadline. Interviews are held on the Saturday following the Open House weekend. Group interviews are interactive and take place at the Adventure Garden. Applicants accepted into the program will receive an e-mail within five business days after the interview and will receive an invitation to attend the required Explainer Orientation with a parent or guardian. Explainers accepted into the program are required to complete four consecutive weekend days of training during school year internships or four consecutive weekday training days during summer internships before they may begin actively volunteering. Training includes "shadowing" sessions working side by side with experienced mentor/educators. Explainers attend regular "Refresher" trainings when Program curriculum changes.


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Departmental Colloquium: Julie Grèzes (Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris): Actionand attention-related decisions under social threat
Evolutionary theoretical accounts suggest that emotional displays serve a communicative function, implying 1) that emotional signals have co-evolved with recipient's decoding skills and behavioral responses, 2) that the recipient's behavioral response should reflect the social function of the perceived expression, and 3) the perceived possibilities for action offered by emotional displays are contingent on recipient's states and capabilities. We experimentally address these assumptions and reveal 1) that the neural sensitivity to threat-signaling emotions is enhanced in both ventral face-selective cortices and in action preparation motor cortices 200 ms following face presentation (El Zein et al. 2015); 2) that there is a selective impact of threat-signaling emotions on the recipient's action and attention decisions: anger elicits avoidance behaviors while fear prompts affiliative approach tendencies (Vilarem et al. under review), and finally 3) that the processing of threat-signaling emotions is influenced by recipient's traits and states. Altogether, these results indicate that emotional displays promote the elaboration of adapted perceptual and action-related decisions.


In the everyday work of a designer, it often happens that you have tight deadlines, unexpected and immediate changes, requests for drawings to be delivered "on the fly", etc. Sometimes a tool would be needed to speed up, at least, what a computer could do on its own. And this is precisely the task for which TIS deals.
Cloning allows you to instantly generate a copy of the component you clicked on, complete with the 2D drawing already associated. Which normally should happen with a complicated sequence of clicks / open /close/save operations.
In addition, entire assemblies can be managed, automatically cloning all the specified dependencies.
The convert function allows you to export all the formats you need with just one click. All required parts, assemblies and subassemblies will be opened and converted automatically.
This module allows you to open and / or print independently all the drawings contained in the selected assembly. Depending on the sheet format it will also be possible to choose the target printer.
This function allows you to export particular properties of the components of the assembly (for example name, description, material, etc.). A summary BOM can also be generated with the count of all the pieces.
It is particularly useful / indispensable for interchange with a management program.
Copy And Go
The innovative "Copy And Go" function allows you to prepare a folder containing all the files of the assembly, ready to be sent to the customer or to the suppliers. Unlike other existing systems, package preparation is very fast, even with large assemblies.
The original folder hierarchies can also be recreated to leave files organized as they were originally.


Apple Invested Capital vs Earnings before Tax Analysis
Invested Capital vs Earnings before Tax
Invested Capital
Invested capital represents the total cash investment that shareholders and debt holders have contributed to Apple Inc. There are two different methods for calculating Apple Inc invested capital: operating approach and financing approach. Understanding ##company1# invested capital allows investors to to calculate measures of performance such as return on invested capital or return on capital employed. Invested capital is an input into the calculation of Return on Invested Capital, and is calculated as: Total Debt plus Total Assets minus Goodwill and Intangible Assets minus Cash and Equivalents minus Current Liabilities. Please note this calculation method is subject to change.
Earnings before Tax
Accounts Relationship
Invested Capital vs Earnings before Tax
Significance: Very Strong Relationship
Overlapping area represents amount of trend that can be explained by analyzing historical patterns of Apple Inc Invested Capital account and Earnings before Tax
Correlation Coefficient
Relationship DirectionPositive
Relationship StrengthStrong


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Henry Cowper (_PHONE_), Lawyer
Sitter in 4 portraits
Cowper was called to the Bar in 1775 and acted as reporter of cases decided by the King's Bench. He earned a high reputation and helped to establish the principles of modern law reporting. He published Reports of cases in the Court of King's Bench from Hilary term 14 George III to Trinity term 18 George III in 1883. In 1785, Cowper was appointed clerk assistant of the House of Lords and deputy clerk of the Parliaments, and played an important role in the trial of Warren Hastings before the House of Lords in 1788. He retired in 1826, after forty-one years' service.


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Helping Parents Cope with Drug Addiction
Being the parent of a drug addict can be an overwhelming and heart-wrenching experience. It is a journey filled with fear, sadness, and uncertainty. As a parent, you may find yourself constantly worrying about your child's well-being and struggling with feelings of guilt and helplessness. However, there is hope. Our "Coping with Being the Parent of a Drug Addict: Empowering Hypnosis Download" is designed to provide you with the tools and support you need to navigate this difficult journey and find inner strength.
Empowerment through Hypnosis: A Life-Changing Solution
Hypnosis is a powerful tool that can help you cope with the challenges of being the parent of a drug addict. Our hypnosis download is specifically created to empower you, providing you with a sense of control and resilience. Through deep relaxation and guided imagery, the hypnotic session will enable you to tap into your subconscious mind and unlock your innate inner strength. It will help you develop a positive mindset, allowing you to focus on your own well-being and make healthier choices for yourself and your child.
Overcoming Challenges: Transforming Parenthood with Hypnosis
Parenting a drug addict comes with its unique set of challenges. It is essential to take care of yourself first, as your well-being plays a critical role in supporting your child's recovery. Our hypnosis download will guide you through the process of overcoming these challenges. By addressing your fears, anxiety, and feelings of guilt, you will be able to release negative emotions and find solace within yourself. With increased self-awareness and emotional resilience gained through hypnosis, you can become a more effective parent, capable of making wise decisions and providing the necessary support your child needs.
Unlocking Inner Strength: Supporting Your Child's Recovery
Supporting your child's recovery from drug addiction requires not only physical but also emotional strength. Our hypnosis download aims to unlock and strengthen your inner resources, enabling you to be a beacon of support for your child. By improving your self-confidence, reducing stress, and promoting a positive mindset, hypnosis can enhance your ability to communicate with your child effectively. It can also help you set healthy boundaries and make difficult decisions when necessary, all while maintaining a loving and compassionate connection.
– Hypnosis is a powerful tool for parents coping with the challenges of having a drug addict child.
– The hypnosis download empowers parents by unlocking their inner strength and promoting a positive mindset.
– It helps parents overcome challenges and make wise decisions while supporting their child's recovery.
Don't let the challenges of being the parent of a drug addict drain your strength and spirit. Our "Coping with Being the Parent of a Drug Addict: Empowering Hypnosis Download" is a valuable resource that can provide you with the tools and support you need to navigate this difficult journey. With the power of hypnosis, you can find inner strength, overcome challenges, and support your child's recovery. Embrace this life-changing solution and discover the peace and empowerment you deserve.


Trade USD/CAD: Your guide to trade USD/CAD | Capital.com | Trade now
Your guide to trading the USD/CAD pair
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Why is the USD/CAD an important market?
The currency pairing of the US to Candian dollar (USD/CAD) is one of the most traded pairs in the foreign exchange market, representing a significant quota of daily trade. It's a pair which is popular amongst veteran traders and newcomers alike.
Start trading currency majors with the largest range of forex markets at Capital.com.
USD/CAD trading hours
The forex market is available 24 hours a day, but UK trading, in particular, tends to get active from 8:00 AM and taper off from 5:00 PM. Of course, there will be times during the day when this currency pair experiences higher volumes - typically around major market announcements.
History of USD/CAD
The US dollar needs no introduction and is paired with all the main world currencies. It dates back to 1792, when the United States Congress created the US dollar as the country's currency. It serves as legal tender in a number of countries and is it still regarded as the world's unofficial reserve currency.
Back in the early 1850s, Canada began its departure from the colonial pound and transitioned to a decimalised Canadian dollar. It's often referred to as the 'Loonie'. The Canadian dollar used to be pegged to the USD but since 1970, it has been a free floating currency controlled by the Bank of Canada.
Historic exchange rate USD to CAD:
Factors influencing the USD/CAD
Role of USD
As the most traded currency in the world, the US dollar is affected by a variety of factors. One of the most influential of these are the various reports issued by the US Federal Reserve Bank (Fed). This data can help traders understand how the market may change in the future.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics releases Non-Farm Payroll numbers for the US, usually on the first Friday of each month. This data can produce volatility in the value of the USD, and of course, affect the USD/CAD currency pairing.
As with all currencies, economic and political events and occasional crises can play a part in affecting the fluctuations in the exchange rate. News and data about the US economy and politics are constantly available and should be followed to keep up to date with factors which can influence the markets.
Role of CAD
The Bank of Canada can be a major influencer of the value of the Canadian dollar. It enacts policies that try to promote economic and employment growth, although it hasn't directly intervened in the currency since 1998.
Canada is a large exporter of materials and commodities, such as wood, grain, minerals, petroleum etc.. Being so close to the US has strengthened the import/export industry in Canada and helps the currency maintain a strong hold in the foreign exchange market.
How to trade USD/CAD CFDs
An individual can trade USD to CAD with either a forex contract or alternatively, they can trade a contract for difference (CFD) on a particular currency pair, and speculate on the price difference.
A CFD is a financial instrument typically between a broker and an investor, where one party agrees to pay the other the difference in the value of a security, between the start and end of the trade. You can either hold a long position (speculating that the price will go up) or a short position (speculating that the price will fall). This is considered a short-term investment or trade as CFDs tend to be used within a limited timeframe.
Trade US Dollar / Canadian dollar CFD
For instance, to trade the American to Canadian dollar (USD/CAD) currency pair using CFDs, you speculate on the direction of the underlying asset. If you think the US dollar will appreciate then take a long position by buying the CFDs. If you think the US dollar will lose value against the Canadian dollar then you would take a short position by selling CFDs.
Why trade USD/CAD CFDs with Capital.com
Advanced AI technology at its core: a Facebook-like news feed provides users with personalised and unique content depending on their preferences. If a trader makes decisions based on biases, the innovative SmartFeed offers a range of materials to put him back on the right track. The neural network analyses in-app behaviour and recommends videos, articles, news to polish your investment strategy.
Trading on margin: providing trading on margin (20:1 for non-major forex pairs), Capital.com gives you access to the USD/CAD pair with the help of CFDs.
Trading the difference: by trading CFDs on USD/CAD, you speculate on the rise or fall of its price. CFDs trading is no different from traditional trading in terms of its associated strategies. A CFD trader can go short or long, set stop and limit losses and apply trading scenarios that align with his or her objectives.
All-round trading analysis: the browser-based platform allows traders to shape their own market analysis and forecasts with sleek technical indicators. For instance, a trader could choose to have USD/CAD analysis and forecasts as a big part of their feed. Capital.com provides live market updates and various chart formats, available on desktop, iOS, and Android.
For somebody new to the world of the foreign exchange market, it can seem like an intimidating place. However, once you've grasped the basics, trading on Forex is actually quite similar to other markets. There are just a few key differences.
Because there is no central exchange and it is a market driven by the world's large financial institutions, the volumes can be huge in comparison to other markets. Not only does this lower the overall cost to traders but it also makes entering and exiting trades easy.
A pip is merely the smallest increment of trade in the foreign exchange market. It stands for 'percentage in point.' GBP/JPY is quoted to two decimal points, so a pip is just the lowest amount that can possibly be added to (or subtracted from) this figure.
The simple answer is 'no' – we at Capital.com make money through the bid-ask spread. This is different from traditional trading where a broker would earn commission on every buy and sell that the customer takes part in.
Create a trading account in less than 3 min
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Welcome to ReDeadstock SoleClear. This is where we're going to show you how to use this amazing product to reverse the oxidation process (yellowed soles). Check out the video below, and read the steps/tips that follow.
Make sure your sneakers are clean first
Step 1: Tape off areas that do not require deoxidation.
Step 2: Apply SoleClear from the applicator bottle to the soles.
Step 3: Brush the solution evenly so that it does not drip. (Make sure the area you want deoxidized is cover. Be generous with the solution).
Step 4. Use plastic wrap to cover the area covered with SoleClear.
Step 5. Place sneakers under the sun.
Step 6. Check them frequently to make sure they do not get too hot! Heat causes sole separation. Optimal conditions are on cold sunny days.
Step 7. Take sneakers out of the sun to allow for cooling (if necessary).
Step 8. Repeat steps 1-8 until desired results are achieved.
Always keep these tips in mind when using ReDeadstock SoleClear
- This solution contains peroxides, which are harmful to the skin. Always use gloves and protective eyewear when handling. If you happen to get any on your skin, rinse with room temperature water immediately for at least 2 minutes. This will dilute the solution. Consult a physician if necessary.
- Make sure you do NOT overexpose your sneakers to UV light. This will result in your soles losing grip. We do not recommend the indoor UV light method when using SoleClear for this reason.
- Do NOT let your shoes get too hot. This will cause the glue in your sneakers to melt. Once glue melts, anything held together by glue will separate (think sole separation). Check them frequently and keep them cool.
- How do you keep the sneakers cool? We recommend facing a fan at the sneakers. This keeps them from getting too hot, and will allow you to keep them under the sun for an extended period of time. Another great tip to leave the sneakers facing the sun inside a window. You can use the fan indoors this way, and it may be much cooler in the house. You still want to check the sneakers frequently in case they fall over, or if the fan shuts off for any reason.
- Oxidized/yellowed soles can only reverse so much in some situations. We'll show you some examples here so that you can set your expectation levels. Refer to our case studies as well as they are excellent documented trials as to how far you can deoxidize.


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The Mt. Milligan North property, comprising 30 mineral tenures with total area 11,746 hectares, is located 165 km northwest of Prince George, British Columbia, Canada, in proximity to the Mt. Milligan copper-gold mine that is currently undergoing pre-production development.
The Mt. Milligan North mineral tenures are located in volcaniclastic rocks of Middle Triassic to Lower Jurassic age in Quesnellia terrane of the Intermontane physiographic belt of interior British Columbia, five to seven kms north northwest of the Mt. Milligan mine site where a copper-gold mine with 60,000 tonne per day capacity is being readied for production. Mt. Milligan mineral deposits are located in proximity to small feldspar porphyritic quartz-poor monzonitic intrusive bodies. Chalcopyrite occurs as fine-grained dissemination and is accompanied by pyrite and magnetite; bornite is a minor component and potassic and propylitic alteration are present throughout the deposits.
The Mt. Milligan North mineral tenures were located on the basis of a geological setting closely analogous to the host environment of most of the Cordilleran porphyry deposits, proximity to Mt. Milligan mine site, presence of alkalic volcanic rocks accompanied by potassic and propylitic alteration, nearby presence of porphyritic monzonitic and other quartz-poor, potassium-rich intrusions, strong magnetic intensity, weak history of prospecting and geological investigations but extensive database of regional technical information. A 2010 program of geochemical soil sampling comprising 612 soil samples analysed by MMI (mobile metal ion) methods provides partial coverage of a number of areas of strong magnetic intensity. MMI is a partial leach method that measures the presence of metal ions derived from underlying bedrock and transported to the surface environment. MMI techniques are relatively recently developed procedures that have been credited with detecting "blind" ore bodies in a variety of terrains.
The Mt. Milligan North mineral tenures are prospective for Mt. Milligan look-alike mineral deposits: that is, for large low grade copper-gold deposits. The exploration concept includes:
- Quesnellia arc-related terrane that is host nearby and elsewhere in British Columbia to a large number of very significant base metal deposits
- proximity to the Mt. Milligan mine development site where resources of several million ounces of gold and several billion pounds of copper have been confirmed by drilling and other studies
- known presence of alkalic volcanic rocks, including latites and andesites similar to those present at Mt. Milligan
- location of mineral tenures astride a northwest trend of porphyritic monzonitic, gabbroic and quartz poor granitic intrusions
- position covering a well defined magnetic "high" pattern that is smaller than but with similar intensity to the magnetic pattern at Mt. Milligan
- prevalence of glacial-fluvial sand and gravel deposits that historically have inhibited prospecting and potentially have masked copper-gold mineralization
- availability of a relatively new geochemical technique that elsewhere has been successfully applied to mineral search in areas of similar cover conditions
- access to a sizeable database of technical data, including reconnaissance geochemical surveys and regional airborne geophysical surveys, assembled by Geoscience BC and the Geological Survey Branch of the provincial Ministry of Energy and Mines.
A two-part program of exploration work is recommended: Stage 1 work will expand coverage by technical surveys, including soil geochemistry, prospecting and ground-based geophysical surveys, and photogrammetric studies, including structural interpretations of fracture patterns, and analysis of satellite-based spectrometric data. Geophysical work may include magnetic surveys and induced polarization surveys performed by a specialist contractor. An experienced prospector should be attached to the field program and given a mandate to independently examine all parts of the property and sample or otherwise investigate mineral zones. Budget requirements are estimates and actual costs of field work may differ from those estimates.
Proposed soil sample lines, totalling 44.5 line-km and 903 samples, are detailed in Figures 12 and Table 2 of this report. Ground-based magnetic surveys should be conducted over the same lines. The Phase 1 exploration budget should include provision for 20 line-km of induced polarization surveys over parts of the soil survey that will be determined as work progresses.


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Home |General Shamanism | Earth and World Healing | Disclaimer | Rhuddlwm Gawr | Origins of Welsh Witchcraft | Dynion Mwyn
Gathering of the Tribes
Dynion Mwyn holds certain religious symbols to be of primary importance. Each God and Goddess is represented by a totem animal which symbolizes the power of the deity in our daily life. This relationship between animals and deities, has over the eons, built a complex relationship of religious rituals, energies of the land, and magickal practices. This same philosophy is applied to trees, plants, mountains, buildings, jewelry, springs and the weather. Every Land or tribal location has a Sacred Centre of Divine Being. Following is a summary of major Welsh symbols including totem animals and their divinities, places, and things. :
The Owl of Wisdom is associated with Bloeddewedd, and is a symbol of knowledge.
The Stag is associated with Cernunnos. This is the aspect of the wild hunt in which the spirits of the dead are transported to the underworld. The horns of the stag are symbolic of the Lord of the Animals. Also associated with Merlin.
The Serpent is also associated with the God Cernunnos and is found on Torcs, the sacred neck ornament. Some serpent Torcs also have a ram's head which symbolize the power of nature and animals.
The Horse is associated with the Goddesses Epona and Rhiannon. This represents the power and fertility of the horse connected to the Kingship of the clan.
The Bear is associated with the Goddesses Artio and Andarta and the Gods Arthgen (Arthur) and Artogenus. The Bear symbolizes the King's connection to the land as well as the Constellation Arcturus, The Great Bear.
The Bull is associated with the God Esus, trees, and the three Cranes.
The Boar is associated with the Goddess Ceridwen and the God Math. The Pig is thus closely associated with shape shifting transformative powers as well as necromancy and flight. Other important totem animals are:
The Raven is associated with the goddess Morrigna,
Salmon of Knowledge is associated with the Goddess Cerridwen.
The Hare is associated with, and the Goddess Cerridwen.
The Ram is associated with the God Cernunnos.
The Celtic Cross is the equal armed cross in a circle which is the symbol of male and female energies confined only by the boundaries of the Universe associated with the Goddess Donn.
The Winged Ankh represents eternal life and strength of the soul associated with the Goddess Donn
The Pentacle represents spiritual and earthly power; the point of the pentacle is always pointed up, meaning good, never down, which symbolizes evil, associated with the God Amaetheon.
Cromlech: This is a large stone placed upon two upright stones to make a able or altar. It was always placed in the center of the circle.
Cairns: These were either large stones or a pile of stones that were placed on high ground, such as a hill, and used to worship their deity.
Viereckschanzen: These are roughly rectangular wall or ditch constructions that appear in the La Te/ne period from middle France. Inside of these rectangular wall and ditch enclosures, which also quite often had elaborate gate constructions, there often appear deep pits which in some cases still contained wooden statues of "gods" and a number of offerings. Equal pits, but without the surrounding wall and ditch constructions, have also been found on the British isles. Sometimes also small houses appear inside these Viereckschanzen, which in some cases appear to be the precedessors of later Gallo-Roman temples.
Portal Tombs: Also called dolmens, they consisted of three or more standing stones capped typically by a large monolith and the dead would be buried under an earthen mound. Erosion over the millenia caused these structures which were built between 4,000 and 5,000 years ago to appear like an altar or table, hense the term dolmen.
Druid Sigil: The origin of this is unknown, however, it is commonly seen as a leaved wreeth with two staves running through it.
Awen: The three rays of light known as, The Awen, form a symbol of the Devine name and concentre upon the stone of speech as do the rays of the summer solstice and of the spring and autumn equinoxes upon the altar stone at Stonehenge. The Awen symbolizes the source of Light in the cosmos and in man whence come the Druidic virtues of courage, brotherhood, and selfless service.
Torc: This was often a ceremonial neck piece worn by the Druids and often worn by Celtic hierarchy. The actual significance of this is unknown.
Triskel:The triskell is considered British origin, finding its way from Scotland, Wales and Cornwall over to Brittany. The 3 arms are said to represent Earth, Wind, and Fire. It is often said that the triskel represents the three druidic virtues or the three stages of life to the Celts
We believe that when we die, we travel to that land beyond the veil of Maya, where weary souls repose within the realms of the Horned One and the Great Mother, to grow young again and to be reborn upon the earth. This is that fair land of nod called GWLAD YR HAV or the Summerland. It is the land to which the Wiccae go when they leave this life on earth. This is the abode of the Gods and Goddesses.of the Welsh Tradition.
When we part, we always say:
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Set the background color of a Power BI Embedded IFrame
Date de publication : 01 juin, 2018
When the IFrame size that's allocated for an embedded object and the embedded object itself don't share the same aspect ratio, the result is gray margins on the sides (marked in red in the following figure).
Grey Shoulders
You can use the Custom Layout API to define how to fill the IFrame or set a fixed size for the object at any time. But that sometimes doesn't entirely fix the appearance of the gray margins.
You can now set the background color of the IFrame by making it transparent. By doing so, you'll give the IFrame the defined color of the DIV element that contains the IFrame. You have full control of what color/background layout will be seen in the margins, making the embedded object wrapped entirely by the application design.
Note that the default color is still gray, so you'll need to set a definition in the JavaScript code to get the transparency of the IFrame.
 - Power BI Embedded
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