.
You need to run the script from the main server that stores the users' profile folders. For the script to run successfully, the touch.exe and users.txt files must be in the same directory as the script. To create the users.txt file, open a command prompt and switch to the users' profile directory (in this case, the directory is in D:\\Profile). Then, type
dir /B > users.txt
The users.txt file contains all the users' profile directory names.
In the script, the $source line contains the original profile folder with the shortcut file test.lnk. Replace the path and link with the path that applies to your environment. Don't forget the double slashes. The $destination line is the path to users' profile directories. Replace D:\\Profile with the directory for your environment. The default path in this script puts the shortcuts on the desktop. If you want to put the link elsewhere (e.g., Start Menu\Programs), change the path. Replace $var2 with your central user profile directory path.
Finally, your users need to log off before you can run the script. If you run the script while users are logged on, the system will set the date stamp back when the users log off.
Microsoft Certificate Server
Using x.509 digital certificates (or digital IDs) is an essential part of the modern enterprise information infrastructure. Microsoft's Certificate Server, included in the Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 Option Pack, makes deploying digital IDs quick and inexpensive. Certificate Server provides two important features.
First, you can configure Certificate Server to let you import digital client certificates that you exported from Internet Explorer (IE) 4.0. IE can export existing personal certificates to a.pfx file for use on another system. But if you used the basic Certificate Server enrollment procedure, you can't import the.pfx file. To solve this problem, you need to open the Certificate Enrollment Form (ceenroll.asp), go to Advanced options, and select the Allow Keys to be Exported check box. Internet Information Server (IIS) 4.0 lets you impersonate a digital ID owner to a domain account owner so that you can perform administrative tasks and send a.pfx file and the accompanying root certificate to an extranet user, regardless of the user's logon credentials. Thus, you can still use NT's integrated security while expanding your applications for extranet use. Use the IE certificate export feature to give your users (including external users) in-house generated digital IDs. (For more information about Certificate Server and IIS, see Ramon Ali, "Configuring IIS 4.0 Certificate Authentication," February 1999.)
Second, Certificate Server provides additional protection for private keys. If you use VeriSign for enrollment, you can select Additional Security for Your Private Key and thus set the security level. If you select high-level security, every certificate usage requires additional password input. In Certificate Server, a Certificate Manager update lets you set the security level for existing private keys. You can download the update from Certificate Manager runs on NT, Windows 98, and Win95. You must run the Certificate Manager executable, certmgr.exe, from the command line. You can change a certificate's security level only if the certificate has exportable private keys. To view information about certificates in your store and set their security levels, go to a command prompt and type
certmgr.exe -s MY -c -addui
You need to increase your command-prompt window screen buffer because certmgr gives highly detailed text information.
File Synchronization
As a systems administrator, you've probably experienced file synchronization problems. If your organization consists of workstations and laptops, you most likely have two data storage locations: local and network (for backups). Because my organization's users work with their own machines 95 percent of the time, we had to find an inexpensive and easy way to keep their local drives synchronized with the network drives and vice versa. An easy way to solve this problem was to use the xcopy command in both directions, with the proper switches, to copy only the newer or changed files. However, xcopy can't handle deleted files. If you delete a file in one location, it might reappear at the next file replication.
The Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 Resource Kit offers a powerful file-copy utility called Robocopy. Listing 5, which has only two lines of code, shows this utility. First, we copy all the new or modified files (archive bit set) from the network to the local drive and reset their archive bit (/m). If two copies of a file with the archive bit exist in both locations, /xo copies only the most recent one. The /s parameter excludes empty directories, and /log directs the output to log.txt, which is a new feature in Robocopy 1.95.
The second operation in Listing 5 copies only files that don't exist on the network drive or that are older than or different in size from the files that reside locally. The operation then deletes the network files that no longer exist locally. Finally, the output of the operation is appended to the existent log file.
For this utility to work, you must implement a backup policy that doesn't reset the archive bit after a backup. In my organization, we perform regular backups only by overwriting the tapes each time. Thus, only new or modified files have the archive bit set in the network location.
Our file synchronization process is limited because we assume that users work with their own computers 95 percent of the time. Local file synchronization works perfectly, and if users move, delete, or rename a local file, these changes replicate to the network. If users then decide to work at another computer, they access their network drives. Not any of the file operations users perform (e.g., move, delete, rename) replicate locally. Thus, previously performed file operations are lost at the next replication. Robocopy doesn't provide complete file synchronization, but it might still be beneficial in your environment.
More Heat Problems
Dianne M. Daniels' experience with a loose heat sink causing blue-screen-of-death errors (Reader to Reader, "An Unlikely Cause of Blue-Screen Errors," October 1998) reminded me of a problem I experienced more than a year ago. I had a new 200MHz Pentium Pro server with a 512KB cache. The server mysteriously crashed on a regular basis. The only way I could keep the server up for any length of time was to run it in a very cool room (below 60 degrees Fahrenheit) with the cover off and a 22" box fan blowing at the server. Obviously, heat was causing the problem.
The CPU heat sink fan was securely attached to the CPU with heat sink compound and properly clipped to the motherboard. Thus, I suspected a faulty CPU. I obtained a replacement CPU from the vendor and proceeded to move the heat sink fan to it. However, I discovered a small (0.2" * 1.2") plastic-coated bar-code sticker mired in the heat sink compound. I removed the sticker and put the heat sink and original CPU back in place. Since then, the machine has exhibited no heat-related problems.


Voting types
At the moment, the plugin provides three types of voting: Like, Rating (avg) and Rating summary (since version 2.3.03).
Like (+1)
Like is the easiest way to vote. On click to the vote button if the user available to vote – the number of votes increases by 1.
Displaying example: 15 votes
Rate (avg)
With this type, the user can select the number of stars for the photo. For example, from 1 to 5 or 10. It depends on the basic settings. It's possible from 5 to 10 stars. Herewith the average number is calculated. If the photo has five, six and seven stars, then the average will be 6.
Displaying example: 8 of 10 [14]
To change Stars count:
To change Rating delimiter text:
Rate summary
It is very similar to the previous one, only with the difference that it is considered the total amount of stars, not the average value.
For example, all photos received five, six and seven stars. As a result, they will have 18 stars.
Displaying example: 20 votes
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Definition of annelida :
A division of the Articulata, having the body formed of numerous rings or annular segments, and without jointed legs. The principal subdivisions are the Chaetopoda, including the Oligochaeta or earthworms and Polychaeta or marine worms; and the Hirudinea or leeches. See Chaetopoda.
- But A soon broke up into two principal stirpes, of which one, a, became the root of the Annelida, Echinodermata, and Arthropoda, while the other, b, gave rise to the Polyzoa and Ascidioida, and produced the two remaining stirpes of the Vertebrata and the Mollusca. - "Critiques and Addresses", Thomas Henry Huxley.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Using a weight bearing CT (WBCT)-first approach for diagnosing syndesmotic instability is the most cost-effective…
A groundbreaking study that outlines a new semi-automatic tool that can be used to quantify hindfoot misalignment was recently published in Foot and Ankle International. Titled "3D Biometrics for Hindfoot Alignment Using Weightbearing CT", the study outlines a new 3D metric tool called Foot and Angle Offset (FAO).Use of this new tool eliminates many of the operator and anatomical biases that can negatively impact the accuracy of the 2D radiograph-based measurements of hindfoot alignment (HFA) that are currently in widespread use.
One of the researchers' achievements was finding a plausible way to use the forefoot instead of the tibia to measure HFA in clinical practice. Recent investigation has shown that use of the forefoot rather than the tibia as a reference in HFA measurements is a step forward in reducing anatomical bias related to measuring HFA projection and rotation. However, up until now use of the forefoot to measure HFA was too complicated for application in clinical practice using older, 2D methods. This study demonstrates that 3D processing of weightbearing CT data makes using the forefoot to measure HFA much more practical, representing one breakthrough in HFA measurement which could result in better outcomes for patients if further studies can validate FAO for clinical use.
An even more impressive achievement was that researchers established use of an entirely original, 3D analytical tool as an effective way to use data from weight-bearing CT to measure HFA. FAO is a measurement of the offset between the talus projection on the ground plane and the hind-foot-to-forefoot midline of the foot. Essentially, this is a 3D measurement of the severity of varus and valgus, which corresponds to the torque generated in the ankle through the combined actions of body weight and ground reaction force. The researchers set out to prove that the FAO calculated using weight-bearing CT data from clinically normal, varus, and valgus cases would be significantly different.
To test their hypothesis, the researchers performed a retrospective cohort study in which they processed existing weightbearing CT data, collected through the CurveBeam pedCAT system, through the new CurveBeam Torque Ankle Lever Arm System (TALAS), an automatic measurement tool capable of calculating FAO. The researchers' hypotheses were proven correct which establishes FAO as an efficient tool for measuring the severity of hindfoot malalignment using weight-bearing CT. The authors claim "the originality of this study lies in the description of an entirely new concept (3D biometrics) for measuring HFA that avoided projection, rotation, and operator errors related to traditional 2D methods."
The researchers did note several limitations to the study. First, there is no "gold standard" or "true" measurement of HFA, and typically HFA measurement reliability is found by assessing intra and inter-observer reliability. They also state that they did not compare their measurements with a traditional HFA measurement method such as the Saltzman view. Despite the study's limitations, researchers ultimately concluded that using 3D biometric software to asses FAO "may represent the way forward to make the best of [weight-bearing] CT."

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Personal Finance
Tax Rules for an Inherited Non-Qualified Annuity
Inheriting assets typically comes with tax implications, and some assets have more complex tax ramifications than others. Non-qualified annuities have a host of complicated tax aspects, and when you add an inheritance into the mix, you have to be careful to understand all the rules that apply. Let's look more closely at the key tax rules on inheriting a non-qualified annuity.
Heirs: spouse vs. others
Taxation of inherited annuities is different for spouses and non-spouses. The surviving spouse often has the right to continue the annuity contract, in which case, the death of the original annuity holder has no immediate tax consequences.
For others, the tax impact varies depending on the payout choice that the heir makes. If the heir takes an immediate lump sum, then the portion of the annuity that represents the growth in value from the deceased person's original premium payments will be taxed as ordinary income to the heir. The heir also has the choice of spreading out payments over a longer period. While any appreciation distributed to the heir will be treated as taxable income, the smaller payments allow the heir to spread out tax liability over a longer period.
Note that in no case does the heir get a stepped-up basis in the annuity asset. Because of the tax-deferred nature of annuities, tax law treats them the same way they do IRAs and 401(k)s, thereby assuring that the amounts won't escape income taxation.
Can an heir switch annuities?
One issue that often comes up involves an heir of an annuity from a high-cost insurance provider. For an annuity that you purchased, you can do a tax-free exchange under Section 1035 of the Internal Revenue Code to a different annuity provider without incurring income tax.
For heirs, however, the law governing 1035 exchanges hasn't been as clear. A 2013 private-letter ruling from the IRS allowed an inherited IRA beneficiary to do a tax-free exchange without any tax consequences, but some insurance providers aren't willing to rely on that guidance, as it technically applies only to the taxpayer who requested the ruling. If you're fortunate enough to have an insurance provider that will be flexible with you, considering a 1035 exchange, because a less-expensive annuity can be a smart move.
Taxation of inherited annuities gets complicated in a hurry, but the general rule to remember is that, because the tax-deferred income escaped taxation during the original owner's lifetime, the heir will need to pay tax on that income sooner or later. By using various strategies, an heir can delay the day of reckoning considerably; but eventually, the IRS will get what's coming to it.
The $15,978 Social Security bonus most retirees completely overlook
The article Tax Rules for an Inherited Non-Qualified Annuity originally appeared on
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yes the transmission will need programming up to match the engine ECU and car body controller
but it shouldn't prevent it from starting
I'd suggest to do some basic tests
1st check for spark by removing one of the spark plugs and plug it back into its lead and rest iton the metal of the engine ( DO NOT hold it on place by hand) then have your assistant turn the engine over whilst you watch the plug. It should give a fatblue spark at regular intervals.
If not then check that there's power to the coil pack (at the other end of the plug lead) using ameter. If there's 12V at the pack but no spark then check the ECU power supply(fuse and relay) and also the connections to the crankshaft speed sensor.
If there is a spark and its still not starting then its likely that the ECU isn't opening the fuel injectors, if the injectors are working you can hear them click - its difficult to hear them with background noise so use a long screwdriver like a stethoscope, placing the handle end in your ear and the metal tip against the body of the injector whilst your assistant turns the engine over.
If you can't hear anything check the ECU power is presentby measuring voltage at the fusebox and on its relay socket if OK then check the connections to the crank speed sensor and consider replacing this sensor if the wiring / connections look OK
If the car will start using a squirt of quick/ easi start into the intake then this confirms the problem is lack of fuel


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When the priority is the safety and well-being of your loved ones and property, making the right choice in security guard solutions becomes paramount. In Mexico Beach, FL, a dynamic coastal town celebrated for its serene ambiance and inviting sandy shores, the quest for suitable security guard services demands thoughtful assessment. In light of increasing worries regarding crime occurrences and the necessity for unwavering safeguarding, it becomes imperative to align with a dependable security partner that possesses an adept comprehension of the distinctive complexities within this idyllic community. With a range of security challenges that can arise in a popular tourist destination, such as crowd management during peak seasons and maintaining a peaceful environment, your chosen security guard services should offer tailored strategies. From patrolling the coastline to ensuring secure access points, a comprehensive approach is vital. Therefore, collaborate with a security provider that not only brings professionalism and vigilance but also a deep respect for Mexico Beach's unique character and the values it upholds.
Importance of selecting the right security guard solutions
Choosing the appropriate security guard services is of utmost significance in ensuring the safety and protection of our nation. These services, provided by national security agencies, play a pivotal role in safeguarding our communities, infrastructure, and citizens. The process of selecting the right security guard solutions involves careful consideration of various factors such as the agency's reputation, the expertise and training of the guards, their understanding of emergency protocols, and their ability to adapt to dynamic security situations. These guards serve as the first line of defense against potential threats, deter criminal activities, and respond effectively to emergencies. By making informed decisions in this regard, we not only enhance the overall security posture of our nation but also promote a sense of safety and well-being among our populace.
Understanding the security needs in Mexico Beach, FL
In Mexico Beach, FL, it's crucial to comprehend the unique security demands of the community. The town's security requirements are met through national security services. These services encompass a wide array of measures that ensure the safety and protection of the town and its residents. Understanding these security needs involves a comprehensive assessment of potential risks and vulnerabilities that the community might face. By taking into account factors such as geographical location, population density, and local infrastructure, the appropriate security measures are determined and implemented. These services not only contribute to the town's safety but also enhance the overall quality of life for its inhabitants. Therefore, comprehending the specific security needs in Mexico Beach is a vital step towards fostering a secure environment and safeguarding the well-being of the community.
Types of security guard services available
In Mexico Beach, FL, a range of comprehensive security guard services are being offered by Nation Security. These services cater to the diverse security needs of the local community and businesses. The types of security guard services available include:
Residential Security Guards:
With a keen focus on ensuring the safety of residents, property, and possessions, residential security guards play a pivotal role. Their presence serves as a visible deterrent to potential intruders, while they conduct regular patrols to cover every corner of the residential area. Monitoring advanced surveillance systems further enhances their vigilance, and they are adept at promptly responding to any security concerns that may arise. This comprehensive approach provides homeowners with a heightened sense of security and peace of mind.
Commercial Security Guards:
Businesses in Mexico Beach benefit from the expertise of trained commercial security guards. These professionals are dedicated to safeguarding the premises, employees, and valuable assets of establishments. Their responsibilities encompass monitoring access points, preventing unauthorized entry, and maintaining a secure environment throughout operational hours. By acting as a frontline defense against potential threats, these guards contribute significantly to the seamless functioning of businesses and the protection of their interests.
Special events and gatherings require specialized security measures, and event security guards excel in managing such scenarios. They skillfully handle crowds, enforce meticulous entry protocols, and address any disturbances discreetly to ensure the safety and enjoyment of all attendees. Their training enables them to anticipate and manage potential risks that can arise in large gatherings, contributing to the success of various events while prioritizing the security of everyone involved.
Mobile Patrol Services:
Mobile security patrol units play a crucial role in maintaining a secure environment. By conducting frequent patrols of designated areas, they effectively deter criminal activity. Their presence is not limited to a single location, making them versatile in addressing security concerns across different parts of Mexico Beach. With the ability to respond promptly to incidents, mobile patrols provide an added layer of security that contributes to the overall safety of the community.
Construction Site Security:
Construction sites are particularly vulnerable to theft and vandalism due to the presence of valuable equipment and materials. Dedicated security guards at construction sites ensure the protection of these assets. They monitor the site around the clock, deterring potential criminals from causing damage or stealing valuable resources. By maintaining a secure environment even after working hours, these guards safeguard the progress of construction projects and mitigate potential losses.
Fire Watch Services:
Fire safety is paramount, and fire watch security guards play a critical role in situations where fire prevention systems are compromised. They provide constant monitoring, ensuring that any potential fire hazards are detected early. Their vigilant presence and quick response capabilities help prevent fire-related incidents from escalating. By maintaining fire safety protocols and promptly addressing any anomalies, fire watch guards contribute significantly to overall safety measures.
Armed Security Personnel:
In situations that demand heightened security, armed guards are available to provide an additional layer of protection. Their visible presence alone acts as a strong deterrent against potential threats. Equipped with proper training and firearms, these guards are prepared to respond effectively to emergencies that may require immediate action. Their ability to assess and manage high-risk situations adds a level of assurance to security strategies, particularly in scenarios where the potential for danger is elevated.
Access Control Services:
Access control is a fundamental aspect of security management, and security guards specializing in access control play a pivotal role. These guards manage entry and exit points at various locations, ensuring that only authorized personnel are granted access. By meticulously verifying identities and maintaining detailed records, they contribute to the overall security posture. Their vigilance in monitoring access points prevents unauthorized individuals from entering restricted areas, enhancing the safety and confidentiality of spaces they protect.
Nation Security's link provides a comprehensive overview of their commitment to tailoring security solutions for Mexico Beach residents and businesses. With a team of highly trained professionals, they prioritize the creation of a safer environment by offering an extensive range of security guard services. Their expertise spans various sectors, ensuring that the unique security needs of Mexico Beach are met with precision and dedication.
Key factors to consider when choosing security guard solutions
When faced with the decision of selecting security guard solutions, particularly those offered by national security agencies, it's imperative to weigh several key factors. The foundational pillar of these services lies in their capacity to ensure safety and protect assets. Foremost among the considerations is the caliber of training and experience that security personnel possess. Opting for guards who have undergone rigorous training equips you with professionals adept at managing diverse scenarios, thereby upholding a secure environment effectively.
Diversity in the spectrum of services provided emerges as another pivotal element. The ideal security provider extends a holistic array of services that align with your specific prerequisites. Ranging from routine, vigilant patrols and robust surveillance to meticulous access control and adeptness in managing unforeseen emergencies, these services collectively establish a robust security cover.
The technological framework adopted by the security company stands consequential as well. Contemporary security outfits integrate cutting-edge technology and tools, elevating their overall efficacy and enabling real-time monitoring and swift, accurate reporting. This fusion of human expertise and technological prowess bolsters the protection mechanism.
Furthermore, the repute of the security entity and endorsements from clientele warrant attention. Appraising reviews from other customers sheds light on the provider's performance consistency and reliability, crucial indicators of their competence.
In summation, your choice of security guard solutions from national security agencies should be underpinned by a meticulous evaluation of these factors. Striking a harmonious balance between well-trained personnel and advanced technology, while taking into account the extent of services and a proven track record, culminates in an astute selection that ensures your safety and security comprehensively.
Assessing the qualifications and training of security guards
When it comes to ensuring security, it's crucial to thoroughly review the qualifications and training of security guards. These professionals play a vital role in safeguarding our surroundings, and their expertise is directly linked to our safety. By carefully assessing their credentials, which include their background, experience, and relevant certifications, we can gain a better understanding of their capabilities. Equally important is their training; well-trained guards are equipped to handle various situations effectively, from regular surveillance to emergency responses. Nationally provided security services often focus on maintaining a high standard of training for these guards, ensuring they possess the necessary skills to provide reliable security. In essence, paying attention to the qualifications and training of security guards contributes significantly to creating a secure environment for everyone.
Delving into the Financial Aspect of Security Guard Services
When it comes to the provision of security services by national security agencies, understanding the financial implications is vital. This involves assessing the costs associated with deploying security guards to safeguard various premises and assets. Evaluating the affordability of security guard solutions requires a comprehensive examination of factors such as manpower, training, equipment, and operational expenses. It is imperative to strike a balance between ensuring optimal security measures and managing expenses effectively. By analyzing the cost considerations associated with security guard services, national security agencies can make informed decisions to ensure the safety and protection of assets while staying within budget constraints. This exploration of the financial aspects of security guard solutions aids in determining the most feasible approach to maintaining security without compromising on quality.
Fire watch security guards play a critical role in monitoring potential fire hazards. They maintain constant vigilance to detect fire risks early and respond swiftly to prevent incidents from escalating. Their presence helps maintain fire safety protocols.
When choosing security guard solutions, consider factors such as the guards' training and experience, the range of services


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China's telecom sector released a report this week claiming that it had slashed CO2 emissions by 48.5 million tons in 2008 by increasing telecommuting, a greater reliance on electronic data storage and more efficient logistics. This savings is comparable to the amount of emissions Sweden's entire economy is responsible for each year.
The report came from the WWF and China Mobile who had Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications carry out the study. The report says the emissions savings came from all of the transportation, freight and paper and material production that was avoided by digitizing the sector.
The study also concluded that future increases in telecommuting could save up to 340 million tons of emissions in China by 2020. Even better potential is seen in virtual meetings over air travel, which could save 623 million tons of emissions by 2030.
The report is slightly controversial because the growing energy demand of data centers is increasing emissions, but the report says that those increases are more than offset by the overall emissions savings.
written by solargroupies, May 15, 2010
written by George, May 18, 2010
written by Carl, May 18, 2010
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Prior to the loading and unloading of dry bulk cargoes the Master should agree a plan with the shore terminal, in line with the Code of Safe Practice for the Safe Loading and Unloading of Bulk Carriers 1998 edition and the procedures under the vessel's SMS to ensure that the permissible shear forces and bending moments are not exceeded. Such a plan should include
 - the quantity, sequence and rate of loading or unloading
 - the deballasting or ballasting capability of the vessel.
 If the vessel's permitted stress limits are exceeded during loading, the Master should call the Company to arrange for a surveyor to attend and examine the vessel's structure.
 The plan should be lodged with the appropriate authority of the port State. If the Master encounters any difficulties with the charterer or local authorities in submitting such a plan, he/she should contact the local correspondents for assistance.
 During loading, an inspection to ascertain the condition of dry bulk cargo is essential to identify contaminated, wet or deteriorated cargo and taking any necessary and appropriate action, such as stoppage of loading, collecting evidence and, if required, unloading.
 If portable bulk heads are required, reference should be made to the vessel's documents and stability information.
 If different bulk cargoes are to be loaded in the same hold, appropriate separation material should be used. Particular care and attention is required to prevent stevedores damaging the separation material and causing admixture of the cargo.


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All the Feels: Why It Pays to Notice Emotions in the Workplace
Leaders who recognize employees' feelings are tapping into an important way to build trust.
"When we acknowledge emotions, we humanize and validate the person being acknowledged," says Alisa Yu. | iStock/shapecharge
Alisa Yu first became intrigued with emotional acknowledgment while interviewing nurses working in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford. The nurses told her that verbally acknowledging their young patients' fears and stress created trust, which enabled them to do their jobs more effectively. "From then on, I began to see emotional acknowledgment everywhere," recalls Yu, a PhD candidate in organizational behavior at Stanford Graduate School of Business.
This realization prompted Yu to team up with Justin Berg, an assistant professor of organizational behavior at Stanford GSB, and Julian Zlatev, an assistant professor of business administration at Harvard Business School, to conduct a series of studies exploring the effects of emotional acknowledgment in the workplace. Their findings, published in May in Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, illuminate a straightforward yet powerful technique leaders can use to build trust with their employees.
Emotional acknowledgment is the simple act of noticing a nonverbal emotional cue — like a frown or grin — and mentioning it. This mention can be a question or a statement such as "You look upset," or "You seem excited."
The authors borrow from costly signaling theory, a concept proposed by evolutionary biologist Amotz Zahavi in the 1970s, to suggest that this small act can have a powerful effect because it is read as a sign of genuine intentions. As an example, Zahavi argued that when peacocks fan out their tails to attract mates, it is an "honest signal" of their reproductive fitness. That's because the colorful display also attracts predators, a potentially fatal risk for weaker peacocks.
Similarly, Yu and her coauthors argue that in a work environment, a supervisor who shows concern for others' emotional state is signaling a willingness to get involved in a potentially messy situation. "A leader could very easily see someone in distress and choose to ignore it," Yu says. "But only a leader who truly is benevolent and cares about employees would risk getting involved by voluntarily acknowledging the distressed employee. Thus, employees might take this as a signal that this leader is someone who can be trusted with their well-being."
More Than a Feeling
This is exactly what Yu, Berg, and Zlatev discovered in their research across six studies, which included a field study with hospital employees and experiments in which participants were shown videos of two actors demonstrating emotional acknowledgment in a workplace break room. Throughout the studies, participants reported higher levels of trust in people who engaged in emotional acknowledgment than those who did not.
"Our effect sizes are pretty robust," says Yu. "There was a big trust gap between no acknowledgment and acknowledgment when expressers displayed positive emotions, but this gap was even more pronounced when expressers displayed negative emotions." The latter finding isn't surprising when viewed through the lens of costly signaling theory: Asking someone who seems unhappy about their emotional state engenders higher levels of trust because it is riskier and involves a greater investment of attention, time, and effort than asking someone who seems happy.
One of the studies' unexpected findings is that acknowledging an employee's emotional state is more powerful than only acknowledging the situation that produced the emotions. "It turns out that saying something like, 'You looked upset after that meeting. How are you feeling about it?' lands better than saying something like, 'It looked like the meeting went poorly. How are you thinking about it?' Yu explains. "People trust the person who acknowledges the emotion directly more than the person who acknowledges the situation. There's just something special and unique about emotions — they are really core to a person's inner experience and sense of self. So when we acknowledge emotions, we humanize and validate the person being acknowledged."
Better to Be Wrong Than Silent
In another unanticipated finding, the research team shows that the trust-building effect of emotional acknowledgment is not always dependent on correctly interpreting emotions, particularly when positive feelings are misread. "I think there is a lay theory that inaccurate interpretation is punished," Yu explains. "We found that if you are feeling negatively and I say, 'Hey, you seem happy,' there is a trust penalty. But if you are feeling positively and I say, 'Hey, you seem upset,' there was virtually no penalty. And that's because even though you didn't need my support, my willingness to call out a negative emotion signals a readiness for me to provide support to you."
The benefits of emotional acknowledgment at work may stem in part from the fact that it isn't a common practice among leaders. "Leaders experience a tension between being task oriented and people oriented. They need to get things done. There's also some research that shows they see emotional support as falling outside of their formal job expectations," Yu says. "So, there is evidence to suggest that leaders are not acknowledging emotions as much as they could. And even when they are doing it, I suspect that they are celebrating wins and acknowledging and amplifying positive emotions more than they are acknowledging pain or distress because it's easier."
Yu thinks this is a particularly good time for leaders to adopt emotional acknowledgment as a regular practice. Employees' emotions may be especially significant right now: Many people are still struggling to manage their work/life balance after more than a year of pandemic-related disruptions. Those who have been working remotely may be uneasily anticipating the call to return to their workplaces and an uncertain future.
"The worst thing leaders can do when employees are feeling badly is to do nothing. If leaders want to signal care and build trust, they need to meet people where they are," Yu says. "Our research suggests one way to do that is by proactively engaging in emotional acknowledgment because it grants employees the space and license to share their emotions."
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Background: Living kidney donors have donation-related out-of-pocket costs (direct costs) and/or ongoing daily expenses while losing income (indirect costs). Yet there is little information about how much of a subjective burden these constitute for the donors.
Methods: From December 2003 through December 2014, we surveyed donors 6 months postdonation to determine their financial burden related to donation (on a scale of 1 to 10) and what resources were used to cover expenses.
Results: Of 1136 surveyed, 796 (70%) responded. Among respondents, mean age at donation was 43.6 ± 10.6 years, 64% were women, 96% were white, and 53% were related by blood to their recipient. Overall, 26% scored their financial burden as 5 or higher; 8% scored it as 8 or higher. Increased expenses were associated with a higher reported burden; however, significant burden was reported by some with no out-of-pocket expenses (presumably due to lost wages and continuing expenses). The burden was scored as 5 or higher by 27% of those employed outside the home (n = 660), 15% homemakers, 13% retirees, 40% students; 28% unemployed; and 26% whose occupation was unknown. Over half (51%) of those receiving a local or (means-tested) national grant still reported moderate to severe burden. Besides grants, donors used a variety of sources to help offset expenses: dipped into savings, borrowed from friends or family, took out a loan, and/or had a fundraiser. Those with the highest burden reported using the most additional sources.
Conclusions: Donors should not have to incur costs or a financial burden to donate; the transplant community should strive to make donation financially neutral.


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June 6th, 2010
Also published on The Huffington Post
On top of the online reporting system for damage from the BP spill we looked at earlier, here's more crowdsourcing from the Gulf: a group called Grassroots Mapping is helping folks on the coast map the extent and at least some of the effects of the oil slick. The tools? A digital camera, a big kite or a helium balloon, and a really, really long piece of string. As founder Jeffrey Yoo Warren laid out in a crowd-pleasing presentation at the Personal Democracy Forum conference last week, the group helps local activists assemble $100 kits that will let them take extremely detailed photographs of a given area using a consumer-grade digital camera hung from a kite or balloon suspended as high as several thousand feet in the air.
Why? The resulting images are millions of times more detailed than what's available from commercial satellites, allowing spotters to count individual birds at risk from a particular tendril of the slick. And since the Grassroots Mapping system uses GPS data to locate the images precisely and stitch them together, the results can be added to Google Earth or any other position-based system or layered with data. For a glimpse of possibilities, check out the video below, and note that the Grassroots Mapping image is the size of a SINGLE PIXEL at the resolution Google Earth has of the open ocean. Also note the boat, which was the anchor for the aerial camera used for the shoot.


Best Practices for Using and Maintaining an Orbital Shaker
By Aimee O'Driscoll, 13 June 2018
Using your orbital shaker correctly will ensure you get the best results for your application. What's more, taking care of your machine will help keep it running efficiently and extend its lifespan.
In this post, we reveal best practices for using and maintaining orbital shakers. While the manufacturer's recommendations should always take precedence, the pointers below can serve as general guidelines for most machines.
Using an Orbital Shaker
Whether you're a first-time user or have some experience with orbital shakers, here are some of the main things to think about during setup and use.
Ensure the Shaker is Properly Supported
When in use, orbital shakers can vibrate significantly. Use on an uneven surface could cause damage, especially for heavier machines. You can use a level and adjust the feet accordingly to ensure that the shaker is seated evenly.
Consider Location Carefully
Squeezing a benchtop or floor model shaker into a tight spot isn't a good idea, as you need enough space to ensure good ventilation. You also don't want to place it where it will be exposed to direct sunlight as this can affect temperature controls. This is especially bad for a refrigerated model. Also consider other machines in the vicinity that could be giving off heat.
Load Samples With Care
It may not seem as though it matters that much how you load your samples, but it can actually prolong the working life of the clamps if you use a little care. Simply forcing the sample into the clamp will lower the lifespan of the clamp itself. Plus it risks breaking the vessel. Instead, gently pull the clamp out enough for the vessel to easily be inserted.
Even the Load
Similar to use on an uneven surface, an uneven load can cause the orbital shaker to vibrate. The added vibration could make for increased agitation of the contents which might adversely affect the outcome of the application. An uneven load could also cause asymmetrical wear to the machine and irregular shaking. You don't have to balance an orbital shaker like you might a centrifuge, but keeping the weight distribution in mind is always a good idea.
Build Up the Speed Slowly
Even if you know the exact agitation speed you want to use, it's prudent to start slow and build up. Quickly increasing the speed can result in liquids sloshing instead of achieving the desired swirling motion. This is especially important if dealing with fragile cells, in particular those without a cell wall. Some models, such as the one below, come with a "smooth acceleration" feature which does the job of ramping up the speed gradually for you.
An example of an orbital shaker.
Many Jeio Tech shakers come with smooth acceleration and deceleration.
Keep the Volume Low
While some applications allow for a larger fill volume, in general, a low fill level (around 10-25% of the volume of the flask) allows for optimal mixing. A low volume means a greater relative surface area, maximizing the amount of aeration. Plus, a lower filling volume means you minimize the risk of spillage.
Limit Unnecessary Door Openings
If you're using an incubated or refrigerated shaker, opening the door unnecessarily with have a negative impact on the performance of the machine. Door openings will introduce ambient air and the incubation or refrigeration system will have to work harder to maintain temperature. What's more, the fluctuation in temperature caused, even if brief, could impact the results of your application, especially with samples that are particularly sensitive to temperature.
Don't Overload the Machine
Overloading your orbital shaker can cause damage in the short term or additional wear over time. Manufacturer specifications will tell you the weight limit (maximum capacity) for the machine. This includes the weight of the platforms, clamps, and screws, as well as the samples. Some shakers come with an overload protection shut-off, but this should be considered more of a 'just-in-case' feature. You shouldn't rely on the overload protection shut-off to tell you that you're putting too much weight on your shaker.
Manufacturer specifications.
Manufacturer specifications for the Benchmark Scientific Orbi-Shaker™ JR.
Maintaining an Orbital Shaker
Aside from taking care to use your orbital shaker correctly, you also need to think about maintenance of the equipment. Taking care of your machine will keep it in good working order and prolong its lifespan.
Clean Up Spills
Spills will inevitably occur with orbital shaker usage, but it's important not to let liquids get into the mechanisms. Spills can be cleaned as directed by the manufacturer, but 70% ethanol is usually a safe bet. Even if you don't tend to spill, dirt and grime can build up on shakers, so it's good idea to clean and disinfect them regularly. If you can remove the platform, you should do so while cleaning to get to any spills, dirt, or debris underneath. Just make sure it's thoroughly dry before replacing.
Inspect the Belt and Fan
Many shakers operate using a belt-based system. The belt should be inspected periodically for wear and tear. If needed, replacement parts can be ordered from the manufacturer. Similarly, if you shaker has a circulating fan, its operation should be checked regularly too.
Perform Speed Checks
It's easy to assume that if a machine switches on, then it's working correctly. Machines are usually calibrated upon purchase and during servicing, but may need to be checked in between. If the speed isn't accurate, this can obviously throw off the results of your application. You can test the speed accuracy using a calibrated sensor. You might also want to check the accuracy of the temperature (if your shaker is incubated) and the time, and test the alarms too.
Check the Air Filter and Condenser Coil on Refrigerated Models
Many refrigerated shakers have an air filter. This can become a trap for dust and dirt so should be checked regularly, at least every few months. Similarly, in refrigerated shakers, the condenser coil can become covered with dust and dirt from the environment. This will insulate the condenser making heat removal less efficient. You can usually clean the air filter and condenser coils with soap and water and dry thoroughly, unless the manufacturer guide advises differently.
Orbital shakers don't generally require a lot of upkeep. However, if you want to ensure your machine is running as efficiently and for as long as possible, it's worth following the tips above.


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SimMan -- A simulation model for workforce capacity planning Motivated by the difficulty in predicting the actual performance of workforce capacity planning solutions obtained from mathematical models, we develop a simulator, SimMan, to serve as a test bed for evaluating the effectiveness and robustness of different planning options and assignment rules. To facilitate the ease of use, the simulator is developed in C++ language with a modular structure so that different users or planners can customize the modules according to their specifications. We further develop a mathematical model for the workforce capacity planning problem, where the uncertainty of the demand is handled by the safety stock concepts. We also suggest a number of practical planning alternatives and assignment rules based on information from IBM. These rules are implemented as modules in SimMan and tested numerically to provide managerial insights
References in zbMATH (referenced in 1 article )
Showing result 1 of 1.
- Huang, Huei-Chuen; Lee, Loo-Hay; Song, Haiqing; Eck, Brian Thomas: SimMan -- A simulation model for workforce capacity planning (2009)


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Is there a difference between E.Coli and fecal coliforms?
E. coli is a type of fecal coliform bacteria commonly found in the intestines of animals and humans. E. coli is short for Escherichia coli. The presence of E. coli (and fecal coliforms) in water is a strong indication of recent sewage or animal waste contamination. Sewage may contain many types of disease-causing organisms.
Additional information is available at _URL_
- Bottled Water
- Consumer Concerns
- Consumer Confidence Reports (CCRs)
- Contaminants and Standards
- Facts, Figures, and Databases
- Filters/Home Water Treatment Units (HWTUs)
- Household Wells
- Lead and Copper
- Local Drinking Water Quality
- LT2/Stage 2 Rule
- Public Notification (PN)
- Source Water Protection/UIC Program
- Tap Water Testing
- Water Utility (PWS) Compliance/Issues
- Topic #: 23002-19265
- Date Created: 10/31/2004
- Last Modified Since: 10/12/2010
- Viewed: 7671


Question: English & Literature
Who is Sam from The Fall of Reach and what is their importance?
In English & Literature | Asked by bookragstutor
Asked from the Halo: The Fall of Reach study pack
Sam, or Samuel 034 is another child that is chosen to train as a Spartan. Sam is on John's original team when they first start training as children. Sam's hair is sandy blonde and he has green eyes. Sam is also one of the Spartans John chooses for their first real life mission.
Sam recovers the fastest of the Spartans from the side effects of the augmentation process. He is also the strongest of the Spartans. As adults, Sam is taller than John. Sam is shot on one of their missions and Kelly and John have to leave him behind. Sam's death is what convinces John that the Covenant is not invincible, but it did cost the Spartans Sam's life.
MHood2 | 583 days ago


Edit Article
Two Parts:Making a pocket in the pita breadFilling the pita pocket
Falafel are fried balls of ground chickpeas or garbanzo beans. They're a popular Middle Eastern delicacy. There is also a bit of an art to filling the pita with falafel so that everything fits nicely and makes for an easy feast.
Part 1 of 2: Making a pocket in the pita bread
 1. 1
 Make a pocket. This is important because the bread will hold the contents that you're about to add, preventing them from falling out when the pita is eaten.
 2. 2
 Check the bread for positioning. Pita bread has a bottom and top; the bottom is generally thinner and often has wrinkles or cracks in it.
 3. 3
 Create the pocket in the pita. Tear around half the circumference of the pita, dividing the top and bottom (only half-way).
 4. 4
 Fold the loose bottom half down. This will, in effect, produce three layers of bread on one side and just the top layer on the other.
 5. 5
 Slip a hand in to release the top from the bottom in the closed half. The pocket is now ready to be filled up (and at the end you'll roll it up).
Part 2 of 2: Filling the pita pocket
 1. 1
 Place the pita pocket down on a clean work surface.
 2. 2
 Add hummus. Spread a layer of hummus across the inside of the pita pocket. This makes for a tasty base that will help to keep the ingredients in place.
 3. 3
 Add salad vegetables. Typical additions include slices of tomato, shredded lettuce, salad onion slices, grated carrot, etc.
 - Some things that go well in falafel: Cucumber and tomato salad (chopped thinly), pickles, cabbage salad (fresh or pickled), fried eggplants, green pepper, etc.
 4. 4
 Add tabouli. This is a staple for falafel pita pockets.
 5. 5
 Place two falafel balls in the middle. Flatten them with the back of a spoon or fork. They will spread across the pita pocket and be easier to eat than if left in large balls.
 6. 6
 Add tchina or tahini.
 7. 7
 Add sauce. You can add any sauce you like. Typical sauces include sweet chili, tomato, garlic, cheese, barbecue, etc.
 8. 8
 Roll the falafel pocket up. It can now be eaten as it is, or if you want to wrap it in paper and take it on a picnic, that's fine too. Enjoy!
 - Falafels go with fries.
 - Baking the falafels fresh over an open fire makes them taste even better.
 - Don't forget the harif. This is is vital to the flavour. It takes practice to judge how much to put in.
 - Take care not to split the sides of the pita bread.
 - Do not pour too much tchina; it softens the pita bread and might cause it to tear apart.
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The word envelope is derived from the French word enveloppe (from envelopper, which means to envelop).
There are a number of difficulties in spelling this tricky word. Native French speakers often struggle with envelope in English because it has one p rather than two. But even native English speakers can have trouble: namely, understanding when to use envelope and when to use envelop.
Envelope (with an e, pronounced Ehn-vuh-LOPE or Ahn-vuh-LOPE) is a noun meaning a wrapper or enclosure. When applied to aircraft or other technology, it means a set of accepted performance limits. This is where we get the phrase "pushing the envelope."
The explorers were excited when the new spacecraft was completed. They hoped to push the envelope of space exploration during their upcoming voyage.
Envelop (without the e, pronounced ehn-VEH-lup) is a verb meaning to completely enclose or surround something. Like many other verbs, -ed is added to the end when it is used in the past tense (enveloped).
The black velvet night enveloped the explorers' spacecraft as they sped away from the Earth to a faraway galaxy.
For several years, Earth heard nothing from the brave pioneers. The head of the Space Exploration Agency felt as if he were enveloped in despair. His daughter had insisted on joining the outbound team, and now she was lost to him. He wondered why he even bothered to come in to the office any more.
Then one day he walked in and discovered a strangely glowing envelope on his desk. He carefully opened it up and read the words, "We made it, Dad!"
There was a blaze of warm light, and he felt his daughter's arms envelop him in an enormous hug.
Bonus Word: Endeavour
Endeavour is another tricky word to spell.
Endeavour is also tricky because the ending is spelled -our in British English and -or in American English. Even NASA had trouble getting this one sorted out.
Which spelling do you prefer, endeavor or endeavour? And where will you go exploring today?
Picture of space shuttle Endeavour from NASA
Stay tuned for tomorrow's post, where I will flatten the formidable letter F…
© Sue Archer and Doorway Between Worlds, 2015


Documenting the American South Logo
Eastern North Carolina Insane Asylum (Goldsboro, N.C.)
Goldsboro, N.C.: The Asylum, 1885.
The 1884 Superintendent's Report of the Eastern North Carolina Insane Asylum, written by Dr. J. D. Roberts for the asylum's board of directors and Governor Thomas J. Jarvis, provides updates on finances, repairs, and patient statistics. The asylum, now Cherry Hospital, was established in 1877 by the North Carolina General Assembly and opened in 1880 as the Asylum for Colored Insane, the state's only hospital for mentally ill African Americans. In the report, Dr. Roberts discusses various patient issues, including population movements, cures, and deaths, and cites an increase in insanity that caused the institution to reach a record high of 152 patients in 1884. He mentions the institution's needs, primarily building repairs, a new entrance, population management, and more female employees, and recommends the state allocate additional resources to meet the African American community's mental health needs. The superintendent also raises concerns about patient escapes, fire safety, and the proposed superintendent's residence, which he believes to be too small and too near the asylum. Roberts appends several tables that contain patient data, such as causes for admission, prior employment, and age. The work concludes with the treasurer's report.
Monique Prince
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Deep in the heart of Africa the Zambezi, which means "Great River", is one of the great rivers of the world. Its path cuts through southern Africa. Yet apart from the Victoria Falls most of it is unknown.
The Zambezi tells us in two parts the full story of its journey and the life that the river controls from the source in Zambia to the delta in Mozambique. The Festival presents Zambezi - Source of Life, the first part of this visually stunning two part series that follows the river from its headwaters to the thundering power of the Victoria Falls.
As the river ebbs and flows with the season, the Zambezi dominates the life of both the wild animals and the human cultures that depend upon its waters. The documentary shows the river through the times of rain and plenty to the dry months when its waters are the only source of life. Even though mankind now exploits its power, the Zambezi remains wild as are the creatures that depend upon its water for life.
From its gentle start in the uplands of Zambia, the Zambezi trickles south growing in power. Ancient rocks dictate its course as it thunders over the lip of the Victoria Falls: the waters of the Zambezi have travelled some thirteen hundred kilometers. At its delta the freshwater blends with the salt of the ocean. The long journey of this river mirrors life itself: the story of the Zambezi is the story of Africa.


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Hidden Field Equations
||This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. (January 2009)|
Hidden Fields Equations (HFE) is a public key cryptosystem which was introduced at Eurocrypt in 1996 and proposed by (French) Jacques Patarin following the idea of the Matsumoto and Imai system. HFE is also known as HFE trapdoor function. It is based on polynomials over finite fields of different size to disguise the relationship between the private key and public key. HFE is in fact a family which consists of basic HFE and combinatorial versions of HFE. The HFE family of cryptosystems is based on the hardness of the problem of finding solutions to a system of multivariate quadratic equations (the so called MQ problem) since it uses private affine transformations to hide the extension field and the private polynomials. Hidden Field Equations also have been used to construct digital signature schemes, e.g. Quartz and Sflash.
One of the central notions to understand how Hidden Field Equations work is to see that for two extension fields over the same base field one can interpret a system of multivariate polynomials in variables over as a function by using a suitable basis of over. In almost all applications the polynomials are quadratic, i.e. they have degree 2. We start with the simplest kind of polynomials, namely monomials, and show how they lead to quadratic systems of equations.
Let us consider a finite field, where is a power of 2, and an extension field. Let to be a basis of as an vector space. Let such that for some and gcd and take a random element. We represent with respect to the basis as. Define by
The condition gcd is equivalent to requiring that the map on is one to one and its inverse is the map where is the multiplicative inverse of. Choose two secret affine transformation, i.e. two invertible matrices and with entries in and two vectors and of length over and define and via:
Let be the matrix of linear transformation in the basis such that
for. Write all products of basis elements in terms of the basis, i.e.:
for each. The system of equations which is explicit in the and quadratic in the can be obtain by expanding (1) and equating to zero the coefficients of the. By using the affine relations in (2) to replace the with, the system of equations is linear in the and of degree 2 in the. Applying linear algebra it will give explicit equations, one for each as polynomials of degree 2 in the.
The basic idea of the HFE family of using this as a multivariate cryptosystem is to build the secret key starting from a polynomial in one unknown over some finite field (normally value is used). This polynomial can be easily inverted over, i.e. it is feasible to find any solutions to the equation when such solution exist. The secret transformation either decryption and/or signature is based on this inversion. As explained above can be identified with a system of equations using a fixed basis. To build a cryptosystem the polynomial must be transformed so that the public information hides the original structure and prevents inversion. This is done by viewing the finite fields as a vector space over and by choosing two linear affine transformations and. The triplet constitute the private key. The private polynomial is defined over. The public key is. Below is the diagram for MQ-trapdoor in HFE
The private polynomial with degree over is an element of. If the terms of polynomial have at most quadratic terms over then it will keep the public polynomial small. The case that consists of monomials of the form, i.e. with 2 powers of in the exponent is the basic version of HFE, i.e. is chosen as
The degree of the polynomial is also known as security parameter and the bigger its value the better for security since the resulting set of quadratic equations resembles a randomly chosen set of quadratic equations. On the other side large slows down the deciphering. Since is a polynomial of degree at most the inverse of, denoted by can be computed in operations.
Encryption and decryption
The public key is given by the multivariate polynomials over. It is thus necessary to transfer the message from in order to encrypt it, i.e. we assume that is a vector. To encrypt message we evaluate each at. The ciphertext is.
To understand decryption let us express encryption in terms of. Note that these are not available to the sender. By evaluating the at the message we first apply, resulting in. At this point is transferred from so we can apply the private polynomial which is over and this result is denoted by. Once again, is transferred to the vector and the transformation is applied and the final output is produced from.
To decrypt, the above steps are done in reverse order. This is possible if the private key is known. The crucial step in the deciphering is not the inversion of and but rather the computations of the solution of. Since is not necessary a bijection, one may find more than one solution to this inversion (there exist at most d different solutions since is a polynomial of degree d). The redundancy denoted as is added at the first step to the message in order to select the right from the set of solutions. The diagram below shows the basic HFE for encryption.
Hidden Field Equations has four basic variations namely +,-,v and f and it is possible to combine them in various way. The basic principle is the following:
- 01. The + sign consists of linearity mixing of the public equations with some random equations.
- 02. The - sign is due to Adi Shamir and intends to remove the redundancy 'r' of the public equations.
- 03. The f sign consists of fixing some input variables of the public key.
- 04. The v sign is defined as a construction and sometimes quite complex such that the inverse of the function can be found only if some v of the variables called vinegar variables are fixed. This idea is due to Jacques Patarin.
The operations above preserve to some extent the trapdoor solvability of the function.
HFEand HFEv are very useful in signature schemes as they prevent from slowing down the signature generation and also enhance the overall security of HFE whereas for encryption both HFEand HFEv will lead to a rather slow decryption process so neither too many equations can be removed (HFE-) nor too many variables should be added (HFEv). Both HFEand HFEv were used to obtain Quartz.
There are two famous recent attacks on HFE:
01. Shamir-Kipnis: Recover the Private Key.
The key point of this attack is to recover the private key as sparse univariate polynomials over the extension field. The attack only works for basic HFE and fails for all its variations.
02. Faugere: Fast Gröbner Bases.
The idea of Faugere's attacks is to use fast algorithm to compute a Gröbner basis of the system of polynomial equations. Faugere broke the HFE challenge 1 in 96 hours in 2002 and in 2003 Faugere and Joux worked together on the security of HFE.
- Christopher Wolf and Bart Preneel, Asymmetric Cryptography: Hidden Field Equations
- Nicolas T. Courtois On Multivariate Signature-only public key cryptosystems
- Ilia Toli Hidden Polynomial Cryptosystems
- Jean Charles Faugere and Antoine Joux, Algebraic Cryptanalysis of Hidden Field Equations (HFE) Cryptosystems Using Grobner Bases
- Nicolas T. Courtois, "The Security of Hidden Field Equations"
- Jacques Patarin, Hidden Field Equations (HFE) and Isomorphic Polynomial (IP): two new families of asymmetric algorithm
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Print LCM of Two Integers in Python
Computations and programming when combined make a very deadly combination. As the ability to solve complex mathematical questions in itself is a great deal. But when one has to do the same thing by writing up a code, things get somewhat more complicated. Not to mention the language your coding in also determines whether it's going to be easy to difficult. So today we're going to write a program to print LCM of Two Integers in Python.
What's The Approach?
- Let us consider a and b to be the two Integers to find LCM of.
- Firstly we'll find the gcd of these two numbers, i.e, using a condition where if
abecomes zero we'll return
belse we'll recursively
return b % a, a
- Next, we'll return multiplication of a with gcd of two numbers, and again multiply it with b. The returned value will be our LCM.
Also Read: Print Cube Root of A Number in Java
Python Program To Print LCM of Two Integers
a = 15, b = 20
LCM of 15 and 20 is 60
# Python program to find LCM of two numbers # Recursive function to return gcd of a and b def gcd(a,b): if a == 0: return b return gcd(b % a, a) # Function to return LCM of two numbers def lcm(a,b): return (a / gcd(a,b))* b # Driver program to test above function a = 15 b = 20 print('LCM of', a, 'and', b, 'is', lcm(a, b))


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A post by Jasmine Pui at History Today discusses a new online tool for economic analysis of the Roman Empire:
A recently launched online interactive research source, ORBIS, the Stanford Geospatial Network Model of the Roman World, has made it possible to analyse data about the Roman Empire in new ways that reveal the fragility of Roman communication and freight systems. Conventional maps are often unable to capture the environmental constraints that govern the flows of people, goods and information. Museum and ancient sites usually include titbits of information about the wide-ranging origins of artefacts, hinting at the relative cost of goods and labour in the Roman era, but factors such as sailing times and inland routes for freight cannot be precisely revealed through archaeological finds, Roman coins, taxation records or riot reports.
The first resource of its kind, ORBIS offers comprehensive graphic tools to portray the transport and communication infrastructure that underpinned the Roman Empire's existence. By typing in a starting point, destination, an imagined weight of goods to transport and the time of year, the site shows whether such a movement would have been feasible and at what cost. Studying movement during the course of the empire's existence suggests it was far more difficult to hold an empire together than to expand one. There are few scenarios where marching and conquering is not easier and less costly than moving goods and slaves between regions. Cost, rather than distance, was the principal determinant of connectivity in the Roman world.
ORBIS is based on a simplified version of the giant network of cities, roads, rivers and sea lanes that framed movement across the Roman Empire. The Stanford team has relied on data such as historical tide and weather information, size and grade of road surfaces and an average walking distance of 30 kilometres per day. Hundreds of cities, ports and routes, vehicle speeds for ships, ox carts and horses, as well as the variable cost of transport have been logged. The data mainly focuses on the period around AD 200, when Septimius Severus expanded control of Africa and Roman power was at one of its peaks.


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moral and spiritual proximity of searches.
Expression of an open author's position in judgment of the priority principles of the Chechen national character (as shown by journalistic works of Musa Akhmadov)
The paper sheds light on features of expression of an open author's position on the basis of journalistic works of Musa Akhmadov. An analysis is made of the basic principles of the Chechen national character and types of their embodiment in the text as ways of a reconstruction of a national picture of the world. The journalistic methods serve the purpose of actualization of traditional ethics and culture material. It is inferred that the journalistic component is the most demanded at the crisis moments of national history.
Nature ethnopoetics in the Karachay and Balkar literatures
The paper explores the motives, images of the nature and concepts. Their functional role in national literatures is analyzed. The ethnopoetics is investigated. Features of the representation of the nature are revealed. Their relationship with mythological ideas of the people is traced. It is established that natural constants bring national spirit, color and figurativeness in poetics of authors.
The memoirs literature: synthesis of memoirs and autobiographical constituents
The article is devoted to the study of the peculiar features of the memoirs literature. The author of the article establishes that, on the one hand, the memoirs literature has the main features of the documentary literature, such as documentary basis of works, accurate image, retrospection, etc; and on the other hand, it has own peculiar traits, such as subjectivism, reliance on the autobiographical memory, etc. The different degree of correlation of the memoirs and autobiographical constituents is one of the principal traits of this kind of the self-writing.
Originality of the national poems («pshchynatl») and their influence on formation of literary poems - fairy tales
An analysis is made of ideologically - art features of large poetic works of the Adyghean national poetry which has received the name «pshchynal» («pshchynatl»). The author investigates national fairy tales and poems, plots, motives, subjects, ideas and images of the fantastic epos, as well as the poetics of national poems. It is established that the poem - fairy tale enriched literature with plots, characters of heroes, ideas, means of art expressiveness, a figurative and language palette, the national expressions and the rich imagination of subject lines in the representation of feats of heroes.
Mythical image of the Isp in the Nart's epos of Adyghes
The paper sheds light on the Isps, one of the mythical images of «Nartkher», the heroic epos of the Adyghe people. Isps are undersized people, possessing sufficient courage, force and bravery. Along with giants Isps are perceived by tradition carriers as the first human beings and inhabitants of the territory occupied by them. Functions of giants and dwarfs as «cultural heroes» are not limited by creation of the first people. They are also the first owners of some subjects of culture. It is inferred that in a context of an ethno-mental worldview, representations about the Isps are important in research not only of the Adyghe «Nartkher», but also of the whole Caucasus.
Chernyavskaya I.V., Tolstikova T.N., Ednich E.M., Kuasheva D.A.
Cultivars of Thuja L. genus in the Botanical Garden of the Adyghe state university
The paper shows the results of introduction testing of cultivars of Thuja genus in the Botanical garden of Adyghe State University. Emphasis is placed on the water regime of plants as a measure of ecological species plasticity. The seasonal dynamics of the tissue water-holding capacity of different garden forms of arborvitae in the botanical garden of Adyghe State University is shown. Maximum spring water loss and more stable autumn-winter performance of the water regime, with a high water-holding capacity of tissues, are identified. On the basis of physiological studies of cultivars of Thuja genus, as well as proceeding from the biological characteris-tics, their prospects are evaluated.
Anokhina E.N., Tuguz A.R., Rudenko K.A., Muzhenya D.V.
Association of IL-4 and IL-2 gene polymorphisms with the malignant growths of female reproductive organs
Frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the promotor regions of the IL-4 (C589T; rs2243250) and IL-2 (T330G; rs2069762) cytokine genes are typified for malignant growths of female reproduc-tive organs (a mammary gland, a body and a uterus neck) using an allele-specific primers (NPO Litex, Moscow) at inhabitants of the Adyghea Republic. No interethnic distinctions in distribution of alleles and IL-2 and IL-4 genotypes at the Adyghes (n=39) and Russians (n=65) were detected. The oncological patients unlike donors show the authentically (Ρ≤0,05; χ2=10,96) increased frequencies of 589T of alleles and TT of genotypes of the main anti-inflammatory IL-4 cytokine. Depending on histotypes and organ localization of new growths of female reproductive organs, no statistically significant differences in distribution of SNP of IL-2 and IL-4 genes were found. 589T IL-4 allele is associated with a tumoral progression. The availability of 589T (IL-4) and T330 (IL-2) of alleles is interfaced to fast progressing of neoplasia of female reproductive organs.
Shkvirina O.I., Trokhimchuk L.F., Khasanova N.N., Mesheryuk Yu.V., Lineva T.A.
Dynamics of a functional condition of an organism of 12-13 year-old juveniles as a criterion for adaptation to the educational environment
The integrated approach to research of a functional condition of juveniles' organisms during the aca-demic year was used to estimate functional reserves of cardiorespiratory system, the character and the amount of physiological expenditures in school students' adaptation. Sexual differencies in adaptative abilities of I2-I3 year-old students' organisms were revealed. The processes of development and the adaptative changes in 12-13 year-old girls' organisms are shown to be more energy – consumptive than those of boys of their age.
Rudenko K.A., Tuguz A.R., Anokhina E.N., Muzhenya D.V.
Toll-like receptor gene polymorphisms, associated with a hereditary history and age of bronchial asthma manifestation
As a result of study of association of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of Toll-like receptor genes of membrane TLR4 (missens-mutations of Asp299Gly; rs4986790 and Thr399Ile; rs4986790) and intra-cellular TLR9 (A2848G; rs352140 – nucleotide replacements in the coding region of a gene) with bronchial asthma depending on age of manifestation and hereditary history, statistically significant differences in frequen-cies of SNP genotypes of an intracellular TLR9 gene are revealed between donors and patients. For A2848/2848G of the polymorphisms located in the coding region of an intracellular TLR9 gene, the association is detected of pathological homozygous (G2848/2848G or GG) genotype with non-hereditary form of bronchial asthma (χ2=3.62; OR=3.03) and mature age of an illness manifestation (χ2=4.69; OR=5.19). At inhabitants of the Adyghea Republic, of three most often registered genotypes of studied SNP TLR4 and TLR9
(AspAsp/ThrThr/AA, AspAsp/ThrThr/AG, AspAsp/ThrThr/GG), the increased risk of development of bronchial asthma at mature age is connected with the combined availability of AspAsp/ThrThr/GG.
Tsikunib A.D., Kaytmesova S.R., Ezlyu F.N.
Obesity and insulin independent diabetes morbidity among different age groups of the Adyghea Republic population
An analysis is made of obesity and type 2 diabetes morbidity among different age groups of the Adyghea Republic population during 2001 through 2012. Risk groups are identified. The territory of the Republic is ranked by the morbidity level of the mentioned nosologies for 2012.
The role of DNA methylation in carcinogenesis
The origin and development of the tumor is accompanied by serious violations in the nature of DNA me-thylation. Frequently, the total DNA hypomethylation in malignant cells is combined with local hypermethyla-tion, which causes the genomic instability. Of great importance in tumor progression are also violations in the normal regulation of methyltransferases DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b. Changes in DNA methylation are the potentially sensitive molecular markers to determine the risk of tumor development, to carry out early diagnosis and to develop measures to prevent the development of malignant processes.
Shumilov D.S., Tuguz A.R., Ashkanova T.M., Smolkov I.V.,Muzhenya D.V., Anokhina E.N., Tatarkova E.A., Rudenko K.A.
AGT and AGT2R1 gene polymorphisms associated


text:
Blinking May Let Your Brain Rest
It's been known for some time that when people blink it's to moisten their eyeball. It's something the body does without us thinking about it. New research in Japan suggests blinking does more than that by putting the brain in a temporary 'safe' mode like a computer does. Volunteers watched 'Mr. Bean' videos and observed blinking and results showed when people blink the brain went in to a default mode which is usually used for daydreaming.
When subjects had to focus more, another region of the brain took over, the attention network. Researchers concluded that involuntary blinking causes your attention to disengage for a few seconds.


text:
Integrated spindle subsystems simplify rotary motion in vacuum environments
Transmitting rotary motion into a vacuum chamber, whether in semiconductor manufacturing equipment, optical coating chambers, or highspeed X-ray anodes, is no simple task. Combining the necessary sub-components is often complicated and time consuming. However, systems engineers are increasingly designing in larger electro-mechanical sub-assemblies rather than integrating smaller components for such complex, niche applications. This lets the designers focus on overall system design, while supplier partners select, integrate, and test the various subsystem components.
Working in a vacuum
Locating a drive mechanism or motor outside a chamber and transmitting rotary motion through the chamber wall into the vacuum can be challenging. Sealing a moving part, such as a shaft rotating at 3,000 rpm, is no simple feat. The seal must be totally leakproof to avoid loss of vacuum and to prevent the ingress of moisture and contaminants. If the seal wears, particles must not enter the system and degrade the vacuum or contaminate the process materials.
System designers can solve rotary sealing challenges with simple Orings, lip seals, magnetic liquid seals, all-metal seals, and magnetic couplings. The type of seal selected depends on many factors, including the base vacuum required, cleanliness requirements, differential pressures, speed of rotation, and, of course, budget. Magnetic liquid feedthroughs are common in applications that demand high rotation speeds, cleanliness, and long life. These seals use a magnetic liquid held in place between rotor and stator by permanent magnets to form a non-wearing liquid O-ring seal.
A motor usually provides the rotary motion for the system, connected to the feedthrough shaft via belts, gears, or chain drives. Integrating all of these components can get complicated. Selecting a motor and designing the transmission requires significant electrical and mechanical expertise and can be time consuming. Compounding these problems, schedules are often delayed by delivery or quality problems with the many necessary sub-components.
Subsystems seal the deal
Fully integrated sealing subassemblies, such as a leak-tight magnetically sealed spindle with an integrated motor, have stepped up to meet the increasing demand for sealing and rotation capabilities in a simple computer-controlled, plug-and-play package. Compact size is an increasing concern of many system manufacturers, and a motorized spindle with integrated in-line motor is not much larger than a standard feedthrough. It is considerably smaller than a configuration consisting of a feedthrough, offset gears, and motor.
This type of subsystem combines two key components, a Ferrofluidic seal and a motor. Ferrofluidic sealing relies on a magnetic liquid's response to an applied magnetic field to seal a rotating shaft. A stationary permanent magnet encircles the rotating shaft, and pole pieces are attached to either side. A series of grooves is machined into either the shaft or pole pieces. The magnetic circuit completed by the stationary pole pieces and the rotating shaft concentrates magnetic flux in the gap between each pole and the shaft, with particular concentration of flux on top of the ridges, or stages, between the machined grooves. A very small volume of ferrofluid applied in the radial gap is strongly attracted to the areas of highest flux density. It forms a series of liquid O-rings on the stages to produce a hermetic seal.
The second key component of the subsystem is a compact, frameless inline brushless dc motor, attached directly to the shaft to drive the spindle. This contrasts with the more commonly used offset belt-driven, geardriven, or shaft-coupled configurations and permits 100% torque transmission — much better than offset drive or flexible couplings — with zero backlash. The integrated motor eliminates the need for gears, belts, mechanical couplings, brackets, and additional framework.
Aside from small size, many vacuum applications require high positioning accuracy. The unit's precision ball bearings enable high rotational speeds under heavy load conditions with high shaft stiffness and low runout, while speed and position are controlled with an optical encoder and precision controller.
In addition to standard designs, motorized spindles may be customized with several options. For example, direct water-cooling can be added to extend a drive's capabilities at high temperatures and speeds. They can be designed with solid or hollow shafts and various ball bearings and ferrofluid options. Also, depending on the system's precision requirements, a variety of encoder and resolver feedback and control circuits may be incorporated.


Why has a Local Government Boundaries Commissioner been appointed?
The Department for Communities has appointed a Commissioner because they are required to do so by law. The laws that apply can be viewed at _URL_
What are the local government boundaries?
There are 11 local government districts, or district councils, in Northern Ireland. Each district is divided into a number of wards. In most districts, there are 40 wards, however the Belfast district is divided into 60 wards. It is these district and ward boundaries that are under review.
What is the Commissioner's role?
The purpose of the Commissioner is to provide an independent review of the boundaries and names of the 11 local government districts in Northern Ireland, and the number, boundaries and names of the wards into which each local government district is divided.
What is the purpose of a boundaries Review?
Boundary reviews are intended to provide electoral equality, in that all the wards within a district should, as far as possible, have a similar number of electors.
Why is this Review happening now?
The Review is taking place now because the boundaries and their wards have to be reviewed by law within 12 years of the last review.
What is the basis of the Review?
The Review is based in law specifically the Local Government Act (Northern Ireland) 1972 governs the appointment of the Commissioner and the procedure that applies to the review and her recommendations. _URL_
When was the last Review?
The last Review was started in 2008. A final report was published in 2009.
Who will get a say in the new boundaries?
The Commissioner will give everyone an opportunity to have their say, including district councils, political parties, organisations and individuals.
When will we get a chance to have our say?
You can have your say at three stages, now by emailing the Commissioners at _EMAIL_ or you can participate after the launch of the Commissioners provisional and final proposals.
What evidence will the commissioner use as the basis for any change?
The Commissioner will use electoral data provided by The Electoral Office NI to support any decisions for change.
When was the electoral data collected?
The electoral data that the Commissioner will be using was captured on 4 January 2021. This date is known as the Enumeration date.
Where are there maps available of the Council and ward boundaries?
You can access maps in the public OSNI Spatial NI - Map Viewer: _URL_
There is an Add Data button that you can use to search for Wards 2012 and Local Government Districts 2012.
Will the Commissioner produce new maps to show her provisional and any revised proposals?
Yes. The Commissioner's team will work with a team from Ordinance Survey NI in Land and Property Services, Department of Finance, to produce new maps to show any changes to the current boundaries.
Is the Commission independent of Government?
The Local Government Boundaries Commissioner (LGBC) is completely independent of Government Departments and Ministers in making decisions.
What is the status of the LGBC in relation to Government in NI?
The Department for Communities (DfC) is the sponsor Department. LGBC will be utilising services within DfC for administration purposes only.
Will there be a change to the number of wards within a district?
The legislation allows the Commissioner to increase or decrease the number of wards by 5 if there is enough evidence to support an increase or decrease.
Will the Review include changes to the names of the districts or wards?
The Commissioner will give due consideration to any submissions regarding name changes.


text:
This worksheet is about finding 1 less than the given number.
We do this by taking one away from the given number.
When we take one away, we go to the whole number just before the number we started with.
Write the number which is:
1 less than 33
33 - 1 = 32
When we count we go.... 30, 31, 32, 33.
32 is the number just before 33.
So, the answer is 32


text:
A Fresh Look at Glasshouse Design
Celebrated as the most energy-efficient structure of its kind when it opened in 2006, the impressive 60-foot-high, 12,000-square-foot Tropical Forest Conservatory takes visitors from Pittsburgh and beyond on a colorful and inspiring journey through some of the most botanically rich regions of the world. Incorporating impactful ethnobotanic displays, cascading waterfalls and lush greenery, this state-of-the-art facility was intended to raise the bar for glasshouse design and construction, further proving how favoring a fresh approach over past conventions can provide solutions to nearly any sustainability challenge — in this case, eliminating many of the high costs associated with heating and cooling.
In sharp contrast to our 1893 glasshouse, which was designed with the prevailing technology of the time and relied upon limited passive ventilation systems that poorly regulate interior temperature, the resultant Tropical Forest Conservatory quickly revealed the fruits of its unconventional design, using 40 percent less energy than traditional glasshouses as it maintains more consistent temperatures all year round; in fact, there is no greenhouse effect at all in this structure, it is always cooler inside than out in the summer, and it uses practically no electricity — thanks to its unique shape and a number of other energy-saving strategies. Today, 100 percent of the building's energy needs, as well as those of the rest of the Phipps campus, are met with solar power and wind energy generated both onand off site.
Click the sections below for additional details on project features and more.
Vision: Rethinking Convention
- Unlike traditional glasshouses, the Tropical Forest Conservatory features a high south wall and a roof that slopes downwards from south to north, allowing for the use of energy-saving double-pane insulated glass on the roof, while still maintaining proper light levels for growing plants.
- Using the results of a tracking study that monitored the path the sun takes across the sky on winter days, our engineers designed the south-facing wall to be at an optimal height, ensuring that 100 percent of the winter sun permeates the conservatory interior. This wall contains single-pane glass, enabling the full spectrum of light that plants require to enter the structure.
- Since the roof is sloped, the sun never passes through it in winter, making it possible to install energy-saving double-pane glass that could otherwise not be used in a greenhouse due to its ability to block light and solar radiation. In cold weather, this type of glass maximizes heat gain and limits the escape of warm air through the roof. In the summer, solar heat gain is minimized.
- Further contributing to the effectiveness of the design, the Tropical Forest Conservatory also boasts a revolutionary open-roof system that facilitates the release of hot air, virtually eliminating the greenhouse effect and the need for costly exhaust fans often employed in traditional conservatories to manage heat build-up. These vents are controlled by an Argus computer system, which opens and closes them based upon internal and external conditions.
Sensibility: Energy-Saving Strategies
- Enhancing the efficiency of the Tropical Forest Conservatory even more are a number of energy blankets and shade cloths on the roof that provide shade in the summer and thermal insulation in the winter. Like the roof vents, these are controlled by the intelligent Argus Control System.
- Western and northern walls made from concrete are insulated on the outside to achieve thermal mass, collecting heat during the day and releasing it at night as temperatures fall.
- A root zone heating system installed in the plant beds consists of a series of underground tubes that use hot water to deliver radiant heat directly to the roots of plants, effectively promoting their growth and allowing Phipps to save energy by lowering ambient air temperature.
- Six 24-inch-diameter, 300-foot-long concrete earth tubes buried 15 feet below ground, where the temperature remains constant at 55 degrees, also help to eliminate the need for mechanical cooling. When the vents are open, a vacuum suction is created by hot air exiting the roof. The earth tubes then pull fresh air in from the outside, effectively cooling it as it passes through.
- While no longer on site, a solid oxide fuel cell prototype created by Siemens Power Generation to convert natural gas into electricity was the first to ever be used in a public garden.
Advanced Computer Control
- Anticipatory computer controlled weather and temperature reacting system
- Maximum energy efficiency
- Smoother, more uniform growing conditions
- Better plant quality and uniformity
- Precise equipment control and advanced data recording system
- Energy-saving double-pane roof glass insulates while maintaining proper light levels for growing plants.
- Special Events Hall adjacent to the Conservatory features the first commercial installation of Solarban 70 XL solar control low-emissivity glass, the most energy-efficient glass available at the time, designed and manufactured by PPG Industries, Inc.
Radical Roof Design
- Tall south-facing wall allows for insulated double-pane roof glass while still maintaining proper light levels for growing plants
- Half of the 12,000 sf roof opens to eliminate the "greenhouse effect"
- Vents are Argus computer controlled
Symbiotic Heating Systems
- Radiant floor heat for visitors
- Thermal massing interior concrete walls collect solar energy and release the heat at night
- Green roof over support facilities
- Fogging system for evaporative cooling
- Prevent convective and radiant heat loss
- Provide shade in summer and thermal insulation in winter
- Guided electronically by weather station link
- Argus computer controlled
- 100% passive cooling replaces need for HVAC
- Six 24" diameter, 300' long concrete tubes are installed at 15 feet below grade, where the temperature is a steady 55° F (13°C) year round
- Hot outside air cools as it travels through the underground tubes and into the conservatory
- Vacuum created by hot air exiting the roof vents pulls the cooled air into conservatory using no electricity
Photos © Denmarsh Photography, Inc.; Paul g. Wiegman; Lofty Views


text:
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find out if you have a case.
A new program is making physical and occupational therapy more convenient for adults with cerebral palsy. Using the Internet, the program connects adult cerebral palsy patients to "virtual trainers" who help them complete movement-based training from the comfort of their own homes.
The Upper Limb Training and Assessment Program, also known as ULTrA, is part of a joint research and movement therapy project aimed at helping adults who have upper limb and hand impairment.
"Physical and occupational therapy are the most important treatments for cerebral palsy. The ULTrA program works with the idea of bringing therapy into the home to allow adults to do their therapy at a time that's convenient for them," said Dr. Edward Hurvitz of the University of Michigan.
Patients participating in the program have their homes equipped with the computer-based training unit, a training CD, and a high-speed Internet connection. They then complete five 40-minute training sessions a week over the course of an eight-week period.
"The computer interface in the individual's home includes computer-generated images of people stretching, and we also have people in our lab who are able to coach and provide encouragement to participants via web cameras. Being connected to the patients allows us to modify their program as needed, without them coming into the research lab or clinic," said Susan Brown, Ph.D.
Brown, who directs the Motor Control Lab at the U-M School of Kinesiology, said that the technology has "real potential to open up the world for people who have mobility issues."
One cerebral palsy patient, 41-year-old Laura Grable, praised the project.
"The ULTrA project is a step toward moving cerebral palsy treatment into the 21 st century. There's the potential to figure out how to improve range of motion and daily quality of life for people with CP," she said.


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As in this question there were two questions, I extract the second question here.
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You mean memorizing this kind of things senseis.xmp.net/?MiaiValuesList%2F100To199? – Stéphane Gimenez Dec 13 '11 at 19:17
4 Answers 4
I don't know if they spend a lot of time doing point-value memorizing, but I would imagine that there is a reasonable amount of time spent studying and memorizing endgame tesuji. Counting is important to properly evaluate when the tesuji are profitable.
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If I don't mistake professionals learn a lot of typical local value of moves it's a way to play faster and correctly endgames I suppose.
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Possibly the best book on endgames (for amateurs) was written by Tomoko Ogawa: _URL_
She doesn't exactly "memorize" endgame positions, but she gives a list a "typical" (and not so typical) positions, and teaches us how to COUNT them.
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My impression is more that the emphasis is on reading (or counting) the endgame, rather than memorizing the endgame. Certainly in that process you see some positions so frequently that you basically memorize how they are going to fall out, but this isn't quite the same thing as deliberately setting out to memorize the position.
This is especially the case because of both endgame tesuji/maek and because even fairly straightforward sequences can be interrupted due to the surrounding stones or thanks to the value of sente.
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Regarding vertex processors
I have a small question regarding the way in which information is sent to the GPU. For eg: I do the following:
a) set MVP matrices, draw an object(i.e send everything to the shader A)
b) Change MVP matrices, draw another object(i.e send everything to the shader B)
Finally, Do a SwapBuffers()
Now, lets say in (a), the object has 10 vertices and in (b) there are 10 vertices. And also, lets say there are 10 vertex processors. How exactly is the decision of sending vertices to different vertex processors taken? What are generally the ideas beind telling a vertex processor to execute a vertex shader?
Can anyone please provide some links as to where i can read more about it?
Let's not do that. It is hardware specific detail and not something you need to know.
Originally Posted by myk45
PS. it is a safe bet that no relevant hardware even has any such specialization - making your question rather meaningless (ie. what do you mean by "vertex processors" and on what specific hardware).
OpenGL doesn't specify any of this - it will be entirely hardware-dependent, and you can bet that whatever decision - say - NVIDIA make will have a good chance of being completely different to the one AMD make (and vice-versa).