SupaLite Tiled Roof System
living spaces
What is the Difference Between a Conservatory and an Orangery?
difference between a conservatory and an orangery
A question we hear a lot is, "What is the difference between an orangery and a conservatory?".
At a glance, modern orangeries and conservatories don't seem that different. Their visual similarities can make the task of identifying what roof conversion or extension style you want confusing.
We're going to make things more straightforward. Here is a concise history and description of orangeries and conservatories and what makes them different.
What is an Orangery?
what is an orangery
Classic Orangeries
Both orangeries and conservatories date from around the 17th to the 19th century. Orangeries got their name from their original purpose – to provide shelter for citrus trees during the harsh winter months.
A typical staple of homes on affluent estates, orangeries were a sign of wealth and were often stand-alone structures made from both solid materials such as brick and glass.
Notable examples include the large orangeries at Kensington Palace and Kew Royal Botanical Gardens.
Both of these orangeries were intended to house exotic fruit but were also entertaining spaces – a function they serve to this day.
Modern Orangeries
Most domestic orangeries don't mimic the grandiosity of Kensington Palace, but the mixture of brick and glass make them attractive pieces of architecture.
While modern orangeries will retain most of the original features of a classic orangery, they're likely to be smaller in size and used as a room or home extension instead of a tree shelter zone.
They blend into contemporary and classic styles, and with the correct roof choice, they'll look more like an extension than a conservatory because of their brick structure.
What is a Conservatory?
what is a conservatory
Classic Conservatories
Conservatories were first built to protect plants and shrubs, and similar to orangeries also became to be associated with the wealthy.
The Palm House at Kew Gardens and the iconic Crystal Palace are Georgian and Victorian examples of conservatory-style structures.
Constructed from glass and iron, old-style conservatories were susceptible to rust and fluctuating temperatures, and they fell out of fashion by World War II.
Modern Conservatories
With advancements in building materials, conservatories became popular for homeowners as extension-style rooms around forty years ago.
Companies offered full design, installation and warranties. The materials were cheap too (polycarbonate and glass or plastic), which made them appealing for homeowners that wanted to add an extension to their home or garden.
Technological advances in flooring, blinds and roofing mean that homeowners have more options available when trying to regulate the temperature in the room, making the rooms accessible at all times of the year.
What is the Technical Difference Between a Conservatory and an Orangery?
technical differences between conservatory and orangery
The main difference in conservatories and orangeries comes in the glass-to-other-materials ratio in the structure.
For example, if your structure contains less than 75% glass in the roof structure and less than 50% glass in the wall structure, you have an orangery.
If your structure contains more than 75% glass in the roof structure and less than 50% glass in the wall structure, you have a conservatory.
What Are the Other Differences Between a Conservatory and an Orangery?
other differences between conservatory and orangery
You can use percentages as a guideline, but they're difficult to quantify. And when it comes to the details behind what defines a building as a conservatory or as an orangery, there aren't any specific rules.
You could use the shape as an indicator; orangeries are more likely to be rectangular or square. Conservatories can be rectangular or square, but there are other shapes such as P, L and T-Shaped conservatories.
The bottom line is that they're very similar, and with the various styles and home improvement options available today, the names are becoming more interchangeable.
An orangery has more brickwork than a conservatory and is a hybrid between a traditional conservatory and a reliable extension.
Orangeries often have flat roofs with a raised roof lantern. However, there are other options on the market, such as a pitched tiled orangery roof.
Conservatories are mainly made from glass or polycarbonate, are attached to the main house, and usually have a pitched roof.
Are Orangeries Warmer Than Conservatories?
are orangeries warmer than conservatories
While orangeries contain more brick than conservatories, it's often a marginal amount. Both structures will suffer from the poor insulation qualities of glass, so they'll usually be hot in the summer and cold in the winter.
Orangeries may be slightly warmer than conservatories, but it won't make it inhabitable in the winter months unless you'll need another heat circulating method.
Can You Turn a Conservatory into An Orangery?
can you turn a conservatory into an orangery
While it is possible to convert a conservatory into an orangery, it isn't an easy job and may require building regulations and planning permission.
You would probably have to rebuild the structure anyway, so you'd be starting from scratch after dismantling your conservatory.
A cheaper, quicker and more straightforward option would be to install a roof on your conservatory.
A roof will give the impression of an extension and will help to regulate the temperature in the room. You'll also be able to use the room all year round.
You need to ask yourself where you think you should invest your money and what you want the room to do.
SupaLite Conservatory & Orangery Roofs
If you make the smart choice to replace your original glass or polycarbonate conservatory roof with a tiled replacement roof from SupaLite, you no longer have a conservatory, but an extension.
You also have the option to add roof lanterns (traditionally seen on orangeries) or vents to your replacement tiled roof.
You can see how our various options allow you to create your own ideal conservatory/orangery/extension hybrid and make the names more interchangeable.
Whatever style you currently have or want to build, choosing a SupaLite Roof will ensure you have a comfortable, energy-efficient and robust living space, suitable for enjoying all year round.
If you are unsure of which SupaLite roof you should choose, don't hesitate to get in touch with our friendly team on 01772828060.
Speak to the experts 01772 828060


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Megasessions vs. Smaller Sessions – Which Is Better?
I've been reading a lot about megasessions on the internet. Some clinics are offering 5000 or more grafts in one sitting. I'd love to have my hair transplant finished in one shot, but I also read that this can be dangerous since many of the grafts will not survive. Do you think it's better to do a couple of smaller sessions or can these megasessions really be performed with today's technology?
Although there are no scientific studies to assess graft survival with "ultra" mega sessions consisting of 5000 or more grafts, a few clinics seem to have the capability to achieve these large sessions with apparently, good results. Without question, as the number of grafts per session increases, the need for strict, impeccable quality control within the clinic staff becomes essential and there are clear-cut reasons for this. The longer that the grafts are out of the body, the greater the potential for inadvertent dehydration of the grafts, which is known to be lethal to the follicles. Also, with longer out of body times, it is even more critical to maintain the solution in which the grafts are kept, at a cold temperature for proper preservation. There may be other, unknown factors which may come in to play, such as, increasing acidity over time or, other changes of the graft holding solution which may also affect survival. In this regard, there is a need to develop more sophisticated graft storage solutions for effective preservation of these follicles in longer procedures. With longer operative times there is also a greater potential for staff fatigue in the graft dissection and graftplacement phase of the procedure and therefore an increased risk of mechanical trauma to the follicles, which can also affect growth.
Aside from quality control and human factors, a study performed by Dr. Bobby Limmer in 1992 showed that, as the "out of body time" for the grafts increases (even if the grafts are kept hydrated in cold saline solution), the percent of grafts which survive decreases. His data showed that at two hours the survival was 95%, at four hours 90% and at six hours 88%.
Other things to consider when evaluating these large sessions include: 1) inquire as to the number of hairs that are going to be transplanted, not just the number of grafts. Hair grows naturally in the scalp in tiny groups which we call follicular units and contain 1, 2, 3 and rarely 4 hairs. The basis for follicular unit transplantation is to maintain these natural groupings and only separate them if one needs additional single hair grafts for a specific purpose, like hairline reconstruction. If a significant number of the follicular units are "split" so that each graft contains less hairs on average, you may be receiving a large number of grafts but, certainly, not a correspondingly large number of hairs. This "graft splitting" has been termed "subfollicular unit" grafting and clouds the issue as to what you are really getting. Not everyone is a candidate for "ultra" mega sessions since some individuals have tight donor areas which do not allow a wide – enough strip to be removed in one session to yield these large graft numbers. Another concern with the larger sessions pertains to the young patient, in whom the eventual baldness pattern is not established. It is recognized that someone who develops extensive male pattern baldness has approximately 5000 to 7000 follicular units that can be transplanted from the donor area in their lifetime. This, of course is a generalization and individual differences do exist. Nevertheless, using most of the available donor supply in one procedure leaves little reserves for future use, as the balding pattern continues over time.
Aside from these considerations there are a few reputable practitioners who report very good results with these very large sessions and it is crucial to carefully select a physician who takes your individual case into consideration before making a recommendation as to how many grafts are appropriate. Aside from asking questions pertaining to the issues which I have outlined above, it is extremely important to ask how many of these large sessions the surgeon has performed, try to meet other patients who have had a large procedures performed by the physician in question, and critically examine their "before" photographs to assess results.
Obviously the whole issue of surgeon selection becomes overwhelmingly critical when considering the sessions, since a significant portion of your lifetime donor supply is " on the line".
Find A Surgeon
The International Alliance of Hair Restoration Surgeons is a consumer organization that selectively screens skilled and ethical hair transplant surgeons. The IAHRS does not offer an open membership policy to doctors practicing hair transplatation, and is the only group that recognizes that all surgeons are not equal in their skill and technique. Its elite membership seeks to represent the best in the discipline, the true leaders in the field of surgical hair restoration.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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There are various methods of storing and retrieving both data and ready information in computers from primary to secondary storage systems. Data may be stored in different storage devices in the computer. There are three basic methods used to retrieve data from computers;
Sequential Access Method
This method of data access is for example applied on reel type magnetic tapes. The data is stored in a logical sequence. The data that was stored first will appear first in the storage device. To find any specific file the device starts searching from the beginning and goes through all files till it finds the specified data.
For example in magnetic tapes the device has to rewind to the beginning each time a file is searched and look in sequence till it finds the specified one. The rewinding and searching makes sequential access devices practically slower.
Direct Access Method
In direct access method, the device can retrieve the required piece of data directly without the need of any sequence. Though data in direct access devices can be accessed sequentially but it is much slower that way. The devices are subdivided into various locations and each location is assigned an address. Each piece of data is stored in these addresses. When the computer is asked to search for a specific file, it searches for the assigned address of that file.
The address helps the computer go straight to specific data without having to go through every file in the storage devices. This is what makes direct access devices much faster than sequential devices.
Indexed File Access Method
Indexed access method can be described as a hybrid; it is a cross between sequential and direct access methods. Storage of the data in a device is done using sequential method. Each record is then assigned two codes a primary key and a secondary key.
The primary key is a type of identification code and appears first in the record name. It can for example be a social security number or any suitable identification format. It works as the locator number of that record. Primary keys are stored sequentially so that within a given block of data the specific records can be randomly stored. An index at the beginning of this block of data is used to identify all the records in it. After finding the index of the block of data the computer proceeds to find the primary key of the records.
The secondary key serves as the full identification of the record. It is used to exactly locate the specific item. The secondary key tells the computer specifically where the out of sequence item can be found.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


The majority of quartz crystallises in a hydrothermal environment, the result of rapid cooling of silicon and oxygen in either molten magma flows or within hot thermal vents.
Enhydro quartz is transparent crystalline quartz with water-filled internal cavities. Enclosed in negative voids within the stone, there may be a bubble of air which has evaporated out of the liquid as the growing quartz crystal cooled.
If there is sufficient space enough to allow it, these air bubbles move within the cavity as the stone is rotated.
Liquid filled negative spaces within gems are common, but magnification is usually needed to observe them.
however, in some cases where the stone and the void are large enough, the movement is visible to the naked eye, making such examples highly collectable gem rarities.


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More Riverside County residents – adults and young people – smoke than in previous years, and residents eat fast food more often than the rest of California.
Those factors might help explain why Riverside County ranks near the bottom in overall health among California counties and why more than 60 percent of early deaths here are caused by heart disease, cancer, lung disease and stroke.
These nuggets and more detailed information can be found in the 2013 Community Health Profile, an 83-page snapshot of the health of county residents.
The report, released by the County of Riverside Department of Public Health, describes the health issues facing Riverside County residents. It illustrates the scope of the chronic disease problem, the behaviors that lead to disease, and suggests opportunities to change behaviors to improve health.
Recent studies ranked Riverside County 32nd among California's 58 counties in overall health.
"We're using data to tell a story; create a roadmap," said Wendy Hetherington, chief epidemiologist for the county. "The report will help guide our public health programs and policies."
The report is also the foundation for the Healthy Riverside County Initiative, an effort being launched in conjunction with the release of the health profile.
Using the findings of the report the initiative has four priority areas: Improving eating habits, increase daily physical activity, reduce tobacco rates and building healthier environments that support walking, biking and exercise.
"It's a new era of community involvement and population health improvement. The profile serves as starting point for community driven change. By making better food and drink choices, building exercise into our day and not smoking, we can make a difference not only for ourselves but for our friends and family," said Dr. Cameron Kaiser, Riverside County interim health officer.
The report, which includes data collected from local, state and federal sources, provides a resource for educational institutions, cities and other municipalities looking for ways to improve the health of their employees and residents.
The 2013 Community Health Profile is available for download at: _URL_


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- Store or remove valuables prior to staging to avoid damage when rearranging furniture.
- Prepack them for the move so they are not displayed during open houses.
- Ensure they are adequately insured. Jewelry, for example, may only have limited coverage under your regular homeowners' insurance.
Most people own a few valuables, whether they are irreplaceable keepsakes or expensive belongings. Staging, showing, and selling your home results in a lot more rearranging and traffic than usual, which is important to consider for keeping your valuables safe. To reduce the risk of breakage, theft or loss during the selling process consider the following:


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This session will focus on introducing the use of negotiated projects and the Australian curriculum in a State School prep class. Real-life examples of how Anne has incorporated negotiated projects and The Australian Curriculum at beginning of the Prep year will be discussed. Anne aims to demonstrate how they can be used to fulfil requirements outlined in both the Early Years Curriculum Guidelines and the Australian Curriculum (C2C)
Key ideas will include:
- Anne's ongoing work with maintaining a Play based pedagogy in a State School Prep Class.
- Focused teaching that compliments Projects & the Australian Curriculum expectations.
- Examples of how Anne has begun to implement Projects and the content of C2C and Australian Curriculum
Anne Pearson is currently a Prep Teacher at the New Mango Hill S.S. Prior to teaching at Mango Hill SS Anne was a demonstration teacher for QUT at Kelvin Grove SC. Anne has experience in Prep and Preschool settings. Anne has previously presented on Playing with the Australian Curriculum at the 2011ECTA conference, and is a passionate advocate of appropriate Early Years Pedagogy as recommended by QSA and Education Queensland. Anne is constantly working on ways to best support her students and support the new Australian Curriculum. Opportunities for discussion will be provided in the presentation.
Relevant QCT Standards: 2, 9, 10


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The Impact Of Right-To-Work Laws On Interstate Cost Of Living
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The impact of right-to-work laws on cost of living differentials is a highly controversial topic due to its possible political implications. This study seeks to investigate the determinants of geographic cost of living in the case of the United States on a state by state basis, focusing on the impact of right-to-work laws. This study hopes to offer some insight into the advantages or disadvantages of a state's adopting a right-to-work law from the point of the state's cost of living. It is intuitive that the passage of right-to-work laws dramatically influences the presence of unionized workers, and it has been suggested that the degree of unionization has a direct relationship with the overall cost of living (Cebula and Toma, 2008). After presenting the history, past literature, and legislation relating to the determinants of cost of living and right-to-work laws, this study employs a reduced form estimation methodology along with a multiplicative heteroscedasticity approach to show that right-to-work laws have an impact on the overall cost of living in a state. After analysis of the empirical results it was concluded that right-to-work laws have a negative effect on a state's cost of living, thus decreasing a state's cost of living.


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Data Exchange Description
The states of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Alaska developed the Pacific Northwest Water Quality Data Exchange to aggregate and access a comprehensive source of high-quality water data in the Pacific Northwest. Working together, the states developed XML schema to share water quality data. Each state then established a secure Network Node and began publishing the data in XML. Simple query tools retrieve information from each Node. Now, each state can query for sampling data from all states that share watersheds such as the Columbia and Snake River basins.
In November 2006, the Snohomish County (WA) Department of Public Works joined the Exchange and became the first county level organization to participate in the Exchange Network. The Samish Indian Tribe (WA) and the Stillaguamish Tribe of Indians joined the Exchange in 2008.
The most recent version of the Pacific Northwest Water Quality Data Exchange is v1.3.


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From wikipedia:
Equivalently, a set P is a partition of X if, and only if, it does not contain the empty set and:
 1. The union of the elements of P is equal to X. (The elements of P are said to cover X.)
 2. The intersection of any two distinct elements of P is empty. (We say the elements of P are pairwise disjoint.)
I clearly understand that the intersection between partition is empty (point 2), but how can the union of a partition can be the all elements in the set?
If it is a partition, shouldnt they be just a part?
I imagine a set divided in 3 and the elements in the first part are not all the elements of the second part.
How do you explain this?
share|improve this question
4 Answers 4
up vote 6 down vote accepted
The idea of a partition is that you take a whole (the set $X$) and you divide it to parts.
Now if I cut off an apple into slices (and one core) I have several pairwise disjoint parts of the apple, but if I reassemble the parts I get a whole apple again.
Similarly we require this from a partition of a set. We want that the union of all the parts give us the entire set we partitioned.
share|improve this answer
Is the term exhaustive in exhaustive partition redundant? – Kaz Oct 23 '12 at 4:44
_USER_: I never heard this term before... – Asaf Karagila Oct 23 '12 at 18:58
I think the word partition explain itself. it is something to do with parts. so if P are all the parts of X then definitely when you put all the P together it will form X. SO THE UNION OF ALL P IS EQUAL TO X.
share|improve this answer
The examples will help. Examples of partitions of $ \{1,2,3\} $ are \begin{equation} \{1\}, \{2\}, \{3\} \end{equation} \begin{equation} \{1,2\},\{3\} \end{equation} \begin{equation} \{1\},\{2,3\} \end{equation} \begin{equation} \{1,2,3\} \end{equation} \begin{equation} \{2\},\{1,3\} \end{equation}
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I gave some examples. But I add this if you want. – user29999 Oct 22 '12 at 23:36
The union of all parts gives you the whole set. So if you partition a set $X$ in three parts $P_1$, $P_2$, $P_3$, then $P_1\cup P_2\cup P_3=X$.
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you are here: Home / News / Simulation of person flows
Simulation of person flows
ifp consulting simulates person flows on the factory premises of a pharmaceutical group
In the context of the development of a holistical logistics concept for a pharmaceutical group in Switzerland the different person flows are being simulated and analysed.
The simulation's purpose consists of the permanent guarantee of a sufficient level of security for the staff during the different construction phases as well as for the future factory layout. For that purpose all traffic participants are being considered, areas of intensive pedestrian traffic are being identified and appropriate actions are being initiated.
The following focuses are being worked on:
Identification and preparation of all person flow data
Modelling of the relevant scenarios
Analysis of the pedestrian traffic peaks on the factory premises
Realization of the simulation runs with the software SimWalk
Visualization of the different person traffic intensities in heat maps with following analysis
Deduction of suitable actions
Development of a future concept for the implementation of the actions


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If we think of the l1 distance as a grid-distance between points, then we can think of l2 distance as what we get when we "shortcut" the grid by going "inside" a cell.
Making the grid finer doesn't change the l1 distance, so there's no obvious sense in which the l2 distance can be seen as a limiting version of the l1.
So here's my question: is there any way to take an l1-like distance and extract an l2 like distance from it (possibly as a limiting case). I'm asking because i have a distance defined in a discrete space that has an l1-like behaviour, and I'd like to generalize it as the discrete space gets finer and finer, but I want to end up with a distance that goes "directly" through the space like l2.
apologies if this is way too vague.
share|improve this question
3 Answers 3
up vote 5 down vote accepted
L_2 can be viewed as the limit of a sequence of metrics whose metric balls are (in the plane) regular polygons with 2n sides, where n goes to infinity. In higher dimensions one doesn't have enough regular polytopes to make a limit out of them, but it works just as well to use irregular ones. This technique is sometimes useful in computational geometry, because the polygonal metrics allow for faster range searching data structures than the Euclidean one.
If you want a distance in some sort of discrete graph (the way that L_1 can be viewed as distance in a regular grid) but that approaches planar L_2 in the limit, try using the pinwheel tiling. If you measure the shortest path along tile edges between any two points on the edges of any two tiles, and then repeatedly subdivide to produce a finer pinwheel tiling, the shortest path distance will approach the Euclidean distance in the limit.
As for Kore min's suggestion of looking into metric embedding: any metric can be embedded into L_infinity with no distortion at all. And in the plane, L_1 is the same as L_infinity (though they are quite different in higher dimensions) so it might have something to do with what you're talking about. See e.g. this Wikipedia article.
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Thanks David, what's the pinwheel tiling? – Suresh Venkat Nov 19 '09 at 8:02
In some cases, you can recover L_2 information in the limit by considering random walks, or said differently, basically by counting paths. When you say "discrete space with L_1-like behavior," I imagine a big grid of points (something like Z^d) that are connected to their nearest neighbors by edges, with the distance between two points being defined in the natural graph-theoretic way as the length of the shortest path between them. If that's the case, you can consider a uniform random walk along the edges of the graph, and then successively refine the grid. This is important: if you refine the grid, say, by a factor of two (so each step of the random walk becomes half as big), then you have to refine the walk by taking steps four times as fast. (In general, when you refine by a factor F, you have to take steps F^2 times as fast.) As you keep refining, the probability of the walk ending up near a particular point at a fixed time in the future may stabilize to something that looks like a function of L_2 distance from the starting point.
If this construction works in your case, then you can think of the logarithm of the probability of ending up in a small neighborhood as being roughly proportional to the volume of the neighborhood and the square of its L_2 distance from the starting point, but except in very special cases, the approximation probably won't be good for all pairs of points, especially if they aren't very close to one another. Note that computing such probabilities basically amounts to counting paths of particular lengths between points, as opposed to just finding the length of the shortest path (which would roughly corresponding to the L_1 distance).
How much that computation will actually resemble an L_2-like distance depends on many things. The construction will work basically as stated when you successively refine a grid like Z^d because of the central limit theorem. If your "discrete space" isn't very similar to that, then the construction might not work at all, or it might give you something that isn't quite right but is "close enough for government work," so to speak. You'll have to be the judge of that.
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I guess you are thinking something about metric embedding. Any metric can be embedding into l_2 with the distortion bounded by O(log n), which is tight in general.
See this lecture notes for more information: _URL_
Also, the Kashin's decomposition is closely related to your problem, see _URL_
share|improve this answer
I'm not convinced the Kashin decomposition is related to the problem at hand (although it is a lovely result & proof) – Yemon Choi Oct 28 '09 at 3:29
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Adaptive molecular decompositions are useful for analyzing nonstationary signals or images. They can be built up from maximally redundant, uniform partitions of unity, the latter being generated by translations of a single atom to each coordinate sample. These decompositions are adaptive in the sense that they respect a given measure of stationarity in an optimal way. The result is a collection of molecules that generate a one-parameter family of analysis and synthesis frames for the Gabor transform. Each such pair of frames ensures an overall amplitude and energy preserving transformation to the Gabor domain and back. Moreover, for a given atom and stationarity criterion, the redundancy of these frames is minimized, and so the computation time for the Gabor transform is optimized.
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Ten ways to freshen up your offer
LemonIf your business is going to survive and grow, you need to move with the times. It's essential to stay in touch with what your customers want and adapt to meet the needs of the market. Follow our tips to freshen up your offer
 1. Review and research. Start by evaluating your existing products or services. Do all your lines perform as well as they once did? Try to pinpoint areas where sales have dropped, then carry out research to establish what the market wants: gather feedback from customers, for example, study relevant sector reports and assess what your competitors are doing.
 2. Pick up on trends. Make use of the internet to find out what trend-spotters are predicting. For example, if you are a retailer and there is demand for local produce, start stocking and promoting local products; if your customers are wanting to save money, offer budget versions of your line.
 3. Adopt a new look. If your packaging, logo, uniform, signage, literature or website is looking a little dated, smarten it up. A clean, modern image for your business can make your product or service considerably more enticing to new as well as existing customers.
 4. Build on what you have. Diversification is generally most successful when you offer something related to your existing offering. For example, a hairdressing business might add a manicure service, while a local garage might start offering car valeting.
 5. Review your pricing. Would offering a discount or special promotion bring you more business? For example, you could try three for two deals or introduce a loyalty card scheme.
 6. Team up with firms that complement your offer. Joint ventures and partnerships can prove mutually beneficial. For example, if you run a dress shop, you could team up with a local alterations service.
 7. Find new customers for your existing products or services. This could be by targeting an untapped customer base. For example, if you run a domestic cleaning business you might start selling your services to commercial customers. Alternatively, you might find new customers simply by using a new sales channel - such as by moving into mail order.
 8. Be prepared. Ensure you have the resources to cope with any increased business your changes bring. Remember, staff may need extra training. Check your IT systems and other business processes can handle added demand.
 9. Consider your funding needs. Work out the costs of any change in strategy and calculate whether the anticipated profits will make the investment worthwhile. You may find funding from business reserves, family and friends, the banks or equity finance. Write a detailed cash flow forecast and ensure you won't be endangering your core activities.
 10. Minimise the risks. You need to minimise the risks of any new strategy. For example, don't devote all your resources to new activities, but test market new products and services before fully launching them and where possible try to secure customer commitments up front.
If you would like to read more resources on freshening up your offer, see:


.NET 5 Applications and Class Libraries Used and Their Purpose
Blash uses a number of.NET projects in it's solution.
In addition to the Blash API and the Blazor WebAssembly application, it also uses a number of class libraries to integrate these two applications together.
We will have a look at the different.NET projects in the Blash source code, and what their purpose is.
The RoundTheCode.Blash.Data assembly is a class library that mirrors the tables used in the SQL Server database as classes.
In-addition, there are some extra classes, such as DashboardModel. This class is used by the Blash API and Blazor WebAssembly application, and is used when a new dashboard is created.
The RoundTheCode.Blash.Data assembly is shared by both the Blash API and the Blazor WebAssembly application. As a result, it shares classes used by both projects, such as creating a tweet, or returning a dashboard with it's tweets.
The RoundTheCode.Blash.Shared assembly is a class library that is primary used for logging.
Blash extends the logging feature that comes with ASP.NET Core to allow for writing log files to text files.
This library is used with RoundTheCode.Blash.TwitterApi and RoundTheCode.Blash.Api, mainly to log events in background tasks, or when an exception is thrown.
The integration of the Twitter API is used in the RoundTheCode.Blash.TwitterApi library.
It's a class library that performs HTTP requests to the Twitter API and returns it's response.
This request is done through the Blash API and it will wait until it gets a response. From there, the Blash API can store information in it's database, such as the dashboards available and the tweets to display.
The Blash API is the central part of Blash.
Using the ASP.NET Core Web API application, it has a number of methods inside its controllers to create and delete dashboards.
In-addition, it has a number of background jobs, where it communicates with the Twitter API. These include:
 - Getting a list of rules from the Twitter API and converting them into dashboards.
 - Getting a list of recent tweets from the Twitter API and placing them in the appropriate dashboard.
 - Listening to real-time tweets from the Twitter API, based on the rules setup.
Finally, the Blash API has a SignalR hub set up. The purpose of this hub is so it can send or receive any changes that might happen with the Blazor WebAssembly application.
Examples of this might include creating a new dashboard, or receiving a real-time tweet. These sort of events need to be communicated with all clients that are using the Blazor WebAssembly application.
The Blazor WebAssembly shows the application to the user.
The user has the ability to create and delete dashboards. In-addition, the user can view the most recent tweets for these dashboards, and receive real-time tweets.
The Blazor WebAssembly application has communication with the Blash API. When it starts up, it connects to the Blash API through a SignalR connection.
In addition, when a dashboard is created, or deleted, it will call an endpoint on the Blash API to perform that task.


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Internationalization Laboratory Initiative
Merrimack College's vision is to be a highly ranked, internationally respected, selective master's comprehensive Catholic college, which is residential, student-centered, professionally focused and rigorous in the liberal arts, sciences, and business.
We will advance this vision through excellence in classroom teaching and scholarship, diversity and globalization, development of professionally oriented graduate programs, investment in faculty, enhancement if student life and experiential learning, expansion of athletics, and refocusing our values on our Catholic roots and the teachings and principles of St. Augustine.
Our college-wide strategic plan, The Agenda for Distinction, includes a focus on comprehensive internationalization efforts. As articulated in the strategic objectives of the plan, we will:
- Strive to build and support a community rich with a diversity of backgrounds, races, ethnicities, faiths, and cultures.
- Pursue positive connections both locally and globally and exhibit a value of service to our neighbors.
- Demonstrate a defined and favorable international reputation, as evidenced by increasing numbers of international student applicants, students participating in study abroad programs, and international colleges having partnerships with us. We will also see increased presence in international ratings of colleges and higher numbers of faculty participating in international activities.
In light of these objectives, the charge of the International Leadership Team is:
- To serve as the leadership team for the ACE International Laboratory
- To carry out a review of the current state of internationalization at the College.
- To help frame new conversation on internationalization within the College community
- To develop a strategic plan for further internationalization of the College, to include:
- Recommendations to increase the number of Merrimack students studying abroad (short and long term) and to develop a college-wide approach to study abroad;
- Recommendations to increase the number of international students on our campus and to facilitate and support the success of these students;
- Recommendations to increase the number of academic and student life programs that promote awareness, understanding and acceptance of other nations and cultures, and to engage the entire Merrimack College community in the internationalization process;
- Recommendations for an organizational model to manage college-wide international affairs.


Introduction to Gantt Charts: A Tool For Everyone Part Two
Gantt Chart Example
Notably, I have changed the colors a bit so we can see some flexible or slack time in the completion in WBS 1.4. I also added a milestone at the end of week 8 / beginning of week 9.
What is slack time?
In any project, some tasks need to be completed by a specified time. Here, WBS 1.4 needs to be completed at the same time as WBS 1.3. It does not take as long as WBS 1.3 and is planned to start at the same time. That means the completion time is flexible: it could be completed as early as the end of week 8, or as late as the end of week 10. Based on the chart, it does not depend on anything to set its start time.
It can be difficult to decide when to start a task with slack time. That is not really a big deal here. The point is, that WBS 1.3 and WBS 1.4 need to be done at the same time.
What is a milestone?
Milestones are zero-duration items in the chart that show dates of important events. Here we have a progress presentation of some sort that is likely to show a major lack of progress! Milestones may reflect payments, meetings, demonstrations, or other events for the project. These are almost always "hard" dates that are difficult or impossible to change. In one project on which I worked, a milestone was a particular type of physical testing for a satellite payload. Missing that test could have delayed the launch or, more likely, prevented the payload from being carried on the satellite!
Milestones can also help teams plan other tasks. If some tasks need to be completed before a milestone, they would likely be part of a summary task ending at the time of the milestone.
How long does it take to finish?
In our example Summary Element 1 takes ten weeks to complete. We know that not just from the fact that it is drawn that way, but because WBS 1.2 starts at the beginning of the project (at the same time as WBS 1.1, WBS 1.3 cannot start until WBS 1.2 is completed, and WBS 1.2 takes three weeks and WBS 1.3 takes seven weeks. Since 7+3 = 10, that is our duration. The discovery of these limits is called critical path analysis. Some Gantt chart tools highlight a critical path in a different color than other tasks, often in red.
Do colors matter?
If you saw the chart in the first part of this discussion, you'd note that it used different colors. That was OK, but the need for a color to show the slack time caused me to re-color this chart. Different people and organizations set different rules for color use: one might require that activities performed by a particular team be in a particular color, for example. Personally, I like to use green for completed parts of tasks, and grey for flexible time. The green for "completed" makes it easy for me to see at a glance what is finished. I like red for critical paths and the arrows to show relationships as in this chart. I particularly like the dashed line used for "TODAY" in this chart.
What tools should I use?
When Henry Gantt described these charts around the turn of the 20th century, the charts were hand-drawn. Now virtually every project management software tool has a Gantt chart feature. Both Microsoft Project and OpenProject (the popular open source project management tool with many features in common with Microsoft Project) have Gantt chart capabilities, for example. There are also tools to make Gantt charts in Microsoft Excel, OpenOffice / LibreOffice Calc, and Google Sheets along with myriad standalone tools.
Gantt charts are one way to visualize and plan project completion. Timelines and PERT charts are two common alternatives. Gantt charts, however, have stood the test of time as a way to quickly visualize the completion and structure of projects.
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Powerfully Simple Demand Sensing
Demand Sensing allows you to incorporate detailed short-term demand data into your short-term forecasts to reduce forecast error by up to 50%, increase inventory accuracy by up to 20%, and optimally deploy downstream (e.g., Distribution Center) inventory.
Downstream data, such as customer and channel data, is employed to identify demand trends, provide advanced warning of problems, and remove the latency between plan and what is really happening in the supply chain. The quicker deviations can be identified, the quicker and more intelligently a company can respond.
Demand Sensing imports fresh daily demand data, immediately senses demand signal changes compared to a detailed statistical demand pattern, and evaluates the statistical significance of the change. It analyzes partial period actual demand to perform automatic short-term forecast adjustments using probabilistic pattern recognition and predictive analytics. Pattern recognition automatically detects a pattern in replenishment orders to improve short-term forecast accuracy. Advanced statistical analytics identify and rapidly react to replenishment issues or sudden changes in customer demand.
ToolsGroup's Demand Sensing can analyze the demand signal from:
 - the next downstream step in your demand chain, such as at a Ship-To store or warehouse
 - POS data or EDI transactions, expanding the ability to sense the extended supply chain
 - more advanced sources of unstructured "big data" in Demand Signal Repositories (DSRs), such as macroeconomic trends, social media and customer web behaviour.
Companies can now manage the entire process from demand signal capture, both from structured and unstructured sources, to short-term and long-term forecasting, for increased sales revenue and decreased inventory costs.
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text: Durable high temperature materials are required for reusable hypersonic structural thermal protection systems. In particular, temperatures exceeding 2700ºF, and approaching 3000ºF, are targeted for capable structural materials that can survive stresses on the order of 10 ksi (70 MPa) for at least 100 hours in an oxidizing environment. Such materials have been identified as an enabling material for future hypersonic vehicles As this application is structural, a strong degree of damage tolerance is desired, and thus ceramic matrix composites are the primary choice due to the desire for reduced weight, high temperature strength and oxidation resistance. Silicon carbide fiber-reinforced silicon carbide matrix (SiC/SiC) composites are believed to be the most suitable solution due to meeting the requirements with the limitations of creep at the highest temperatures/loads, and oxidative attack at stresses that exceed the materials proportional limit. The proposed effort will define the temperature-stress limit of SiC/SiC composites, and examine methods to further extend this limit.


text:
Effective Time Management
June 25, 2020 - 4:00 P.M. CDT
Laura Ann Hatch, MS, FAADOM
Following this session, the attendee should be able to:
- Identify the why and the purpose of time management in the dental practice.
- Recognize the importance of morning huddles and meetings.
- Describe the keys and Identify the barriers to effective time management.
Understanding the why and the purpose behind time management is the first step to keeping your practice organized and efficient. Learning and implementing good time management skills can increase practice productivity and helps to create a productive and positive work environment. A practice that is well organized and team members that balance their time well, will have better communication among the team and work more efficiently. Having time management and organization skills are key to creating an environment that team members thrive and patients appreciate, allowing for a less stressful work environment the ability to offer the best care for patients.
Biography: Laura Hatch, MS, FAADOM is known internationally as the Leader in Dental Front Office Solutions and Training. A keynote speaker, author, and coach, Laura is best known as the founder of Front Office Rocks™, a virtual training platform for dental teams. Laura is a best-selling author of her book "Step Away from the Drill", a member of the NSA, SCN, ADMC, a Fellow of the AADOM & was named one of DPR's Top 25 Women in Dentistry.


text:
Brazilian name: arapaçu-de-bico-torto
|São Paulo state, Brazil
The Black-billed Scythebill is distributed in south-east Brazil and into adjacent areas of Paraguay and Argentina. It is found in Atlantic Rain Forest and secondary woodland, often associated with stands of bamboo.
It has a very long, decurved black bill the colour of which distinguishes it from the other two scythebills found in Brazil; Red-billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus trochilirostris and Curve-billed Scythebill C. procurvoides. Otherwise it is olive-brown above with a black head and nape with white streaks. The wings and tail are chestnut-rufous and the throat is whitish.
|It forages on trunks, as seen in these photos, and on
bamboo and bromeliads where its bill must help it catch its insect
There are recordings and a distribution map on xeno-canto.


Arduino/Four wire stepper test
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Motor Inspection[edit | edit source]
Stepper Motor from discarded printer or fax
The motor originally came from a fax or printer that had been discarded. The motor had a label. From this label, specifications to a similar motor were found. There were four, identical red wires attached to it. Since the wires were stranded, solid wires were soldered onto the ends.
Arduino Motor Shield[edit | edit source]
Stepper Motors connect to the arduino through a motor shield. Adafruit makes an inexpensive shield.
adafruit motor shield
Two motor drivers were downloaded as zip files and expanded into a window's machines c:\programs\arduino\libraries folder. The new folder names were to long and contained spaces according to an error message that hid behind some open windows. The arduino IDE would not start. The folders were renamed AccelStepper and MotorShield. Then the arduino IDE started. New examples appeared in the arduino software files > examples folder.
Decoding Wires[edit | edit source]
The four stranded red wires were attached to four different colored solid wires. The connector has 5 holes, with a number 5 on the left. The middle pin was empty. The pair near pin 5 were given the colors blue, then orange. The pair nearest pin 1 were given the colors orange and red.
Motor Connector
Then resistance was measured between blue/orange and purple/red was 10 ohms.
Stepper Test[edit | edit source]
The example sketch StepperTest was found associated with the MotorShield driver. This code suggested that the motor's four wires should be attached to M3 and M4 on the motor shield. Orange/Blue were attached to M3 and purple/red were attached to M4. The sketch was uploaded to the arduino and the motor began to turn. A video was taken.
Wiring[edit | edit source]
Stepper motor wiring is easy. Stepper motors have inductors that turn into electro-magnents like all other motors. The inductors have an internal winding resistance. The 4 wire stepper motor above had two inductors of 10 ohms. There were two pairs of wires. These pairs can be plugged into the adafruit motorshield into a wiring header. The stepper test sketch software assumes you are plugging into the header labeled M3 and M4.
The pairs of wires are determined with an ohm meter. Then one pair is plugged into M3 and the other into M4. It doesn't matter which pair goes where. It doesn't matter which wire of the pair is in the left hole of M3. Hook the motor up. Reverse the pairs, reverse which wire is in the M3 left hole, and the motor will start up in the reverse direction. Messing up the pairs causes the stepper motor drive shaft to oscillate back and forth.
Power[edit | edit source]
Start with powering the motor from the USB cable. Touch the motor, touch the chips on the motor shield to see that things are not heating up. The 10 ohm motor started heating up with just power from the usb cable. Adding an external 9V 650ma DC adapter to the arduino caused the motor and a chip on the motor shield to heat up fast and to heat up too hot to touch. The DC adapter started to buzz and perhaps started to heat up. Here is probably why: I=V/R = 9volts/10 ohms = 900 ma which is much greater than the rated 650 ma. Motors with larger inductor winding resistance remained cool, chips on the motor shield remained cool, but then the adapter started buzzing.
Revolutions[edit | edit source]
Most of the motors tested stepped 7.5 degrees. 100 steps means 750 degrees rotation... two complete circles plus 30 degrees. This was observed on most motors. There was one stepper motor where it appeared that 100 steps was one complete rotation meaning the steps were 3.2 degrees.


text:
Ryuusei no Rockman Tribe
The second series is to follow the events of the second video game, focusing on the lost continent of Mu. The ancient civilization vanished ages ago, and a few of its remnants still exist as myths and legends called UMAs (unidentified lifeforms). The UMAs begin merging with humans in order to search for the treasures of Mu, the powerful ooparts, which will give them the power to revive Mu. After Subaru and War-Rock encounter several unusual enemies, they meet a professor named Doctor Orihime who sends them on a quest to find the ooparts and stop the UMAs. Using the ooparts, Rockman is able to take new forms, including Thunder Berserk, Fire Dinosaur, and Green Shinobi.


text:
Let us make an in-depth study of depository system. After reading this article you will learn about: 1. Features of Depository System 2. Advantages of Depository System.
Features of Depository System:
A depository system has the following features:
(a) Day-to-day basis of reconciliation is made by NSDL;
(b) Securities are divisible and, as such, can be transacted by any quantity;
(c) Securities are allotted International Security Identification Number (ISIN) by SEBI;
(d) The benefit of depository system is enjoyed by the investor/owner of securities; and
(e) CDSL and NSDL are the Depository Participants to act as agent.
Advantages of Depository System:
Enjoyed by Investors:
i. It eliminates bad deliveries;
ii. It computes the settlement cycle very fast;
iii. It makes immediate transfer and registration of securities;
iv. It eliminates all risks associated with physical certificate;
v. It also provides nomination facility to the investors;
vi. It reduces trading cost;
vii. Since it is paperless trading, no share certificate and deed etc. are required.
Enjoyed by the Capital Market:
(i) Dues are settled in a very short time;
(ii) It also eliminates bad delivering;
(iii) It also eliminates the problems arising from odd lots of securities;
(iv) It eliminates the physical handling of paperwork's;
(v) It reduces errors;
(vi) Questions of loss, mutilation of securities does not arise.
(vii) Huge number of transactions can be settled at a very short time.
Enjoyed by the Company:
(a) It reduces the risk of loss of securities and, at the same time, reduces the fraudulent activities;
(b) It avoids the checking of shares, deeds and various papers,
(e) No share certificate is issued as the securities are divisible;
(d) It reduces the various costs which require secretarial help;
(e) It supplies better communication facilities
(f) Easy availability of data and information (i.e. issue of bonus share, right share, dividend declaration, etc.) are available which helps the shareholder to take decisions.
Disadvantages of Depository System:
The Depository System is not free from snags. Some of them are:
(a) Number of frauds may be increased as there is no physical checking;
(b) Practically, to set up a single depository is not possible;
(c) MDS (Multiple Depository System) invites the problems of coordination.
Although the Depository System is not free from snags, even then it is a boom to the world of capital market. It, no doubt, proves an efficient transfer system and helps the investors and the company in various forms. It overcomes the problems from bad delivery, counterfeit certificates, etc. It also reduces various cost and expenses (i.e. Registration cost).


text:
The term ACE - Artificial Conversational Entity is used as a synonym for Conversational Agent, Embodied Agent or Chatbot, meaning a computer program capable of leading an intelligent conversation with a person via textual methods.
The term ACE - Artificial Conversational Entity is used mostly in academic papers by researchers focused on modelling, developing and evaluating functionalities and capabilities of Artificial Conversational Entities. Some journalists used the term when describing the Loebner Prize contest.
Huma Shah used her terminology ACE - Artificial Conversational Entity to refer to chatbot A.L.I.C.E. The video is a demonstration of A.L.I.C.E. having a conversation with another ACE - Artificial Conversational Entity named Fake Captain Kirk. Demo was created by Pandorabots, Inc.
Artificial Conversational Entities: Can A Machine Act Human and Be Given "Rights"? is an interesting article about Turing Test and Robot Rights written by Susan Duclos.
The term ACE - Artificial Conversational Entity is a composite of three words: artificial, conversational, and entity.
The word artificial refers to what is made by humans, produced rather than natural in origin, made to resemble something, made in imitation of something natural, man-made, simulated, not genuine or natural. It originates from the Latin word artificilis meaning "belonging to art", from artificium - craftsmanship.
The word conversation signifies the spoken exchange of thoughts, opinions, and feelings; talk. It originates from Latin word conversationem (nominativus conversatio) meaning "act of living with".
The word entity describes an existence or being; in Philosophy entity is something having real or distinct existence; a thing, especially when considered as independent of other things. It originates from Medieval Latin entitās, from ēns - being, a thing.
The term ACE - Artificial Conversational Entity was introduced in 2006 by Huma Shah in her paper A.L.I.C.E.: an ACE in Digitaland. The paper presents an analysis of Artificial Conversational Entity A.L.I.C.E. through her conversations with four judges, and comparing her artificial utterances with those of the four "hidden humans" (the confederates), during the Loebner Prize 2004 contest, which is an instantiation of Turing's Test for machine intelligence.
The term should not be confused with Alan Turing ACE machine - being the Automatic Computing Engine (ACE), known also as the Universal Turing machine, which was the mathematical tool equivalent to a digital computer suggested by Alan Turing in the 1945.
Artificial Conversational Entity pages
Although we use chatbot as the main synonym on this website, please do not be confused. There are more than 161 synonyms in use by academics, business and artificial conversational entity enthusiasts! It is simply a matter of reading between the lines.
Please check out our main directory with 1076 live artificial conversational entity examples (an overview as maintained by developers themselves), our vendor listing with 155 artificial conversational entity companies and artificial conversational entity news section with already more than 308 articles! Our research tab contains lots of papers on artificial conversational entities, 1,164 journals on artificial conversational entities and 386 books on artificial conversational entities. This research section also shows which universities are active in the artificial conversational entity field, indicates which publishers are publishing journals on humanlike conversational AI and informs about academic events on artificial conversational entities. Also, check out our dedicated tab for awards, contest and games related to the artificial conversational entity field, various forums like our AI forum by artificial conversational entity enthusiasts and add any artificial conversational entity as created by yourself and your colleagues to our artificial conversational entity directory. Please do not forget to register to join us in these exciting times.
A selection of pages on this website using 'artificial conversational entity':
Alternative usage of Artificial Conversational Entities
There is no alternative usage of the term Artificial Conversational Entity, but there is an endless list of entities referring to the abbreviation "ACE".
ACE or Advanced Computer Entertainment was a precursor to the computer entertainment magazines of today. The magazine covered multi-platform computer and video games mixed with technical issues and game users debates.


Top Historic Sights in Kanfanar, Croatia
Explore the historic highlights of Kanfanar
Dvigrad Castle Ruins
Dvigrad was originally two towns, Moncastello and Castel Parentino. Dvigrad was first mentioned in 879, when it fell under the rule of the Patriarch of Aquileia. However, it had existed long before it as a part of the Roman province settlement. Its name speaks originally of two towns. Today"s ruins are the remains of the northern town of Moncastello, while the other one, Castel Parentino, was abandoned in the 10th ce...
Founded: 9th century AD | Location: Kanfanar, Croatia
Featured Historic Landmarks, Sites & Buildings
Historic Site of the week
Cesis Castle
German crusaders known as the Livonian Brothers of the Sword began construction of the Cēsis castle (Wenden) near the hill fort in 1209. When the castle was enlarged and fortified, it served as the residence for the Order's Master from 1237 till 1561, with periodic interruptions. Its ruins are some of the most majestic castle ruins in the Baltic states. Once the most important castle of the Livonian Order, it was the official residence for the masters of the order.
In 1577, during the Livonian War, the garrison destroyed the castle to prevent it from falling into the control of Ivan the Terrible, who was decisively defeated in the Battle of Wenden (1578).
In 1598 it was incorporated into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Wenden Voivodship was created here. In 1620 Wenden was conquered by Sweden. It was rebuilt afterwards, but was destroyed again in 1703 during the Great Northern War by the Russian army and left in a ruined state. Already from the end of the 16th century, the premises of the Order's castle were adjusted to the requirements of the Cēsis Castle estate. When in 1777 the Cēsis Castle estate was obtained by Count Carl Sievers, he had his new residence house built on the site of the eastern block of the castle, joining its end wall with the fortification tower.
Since 1949, the Cēsis History Museum has been located in this New Castle of the Cēsis Castle estate. The front yard of the New Castle is enclosed by a granary and a stable-coach house, which now houses the Exhibition Hall of the Museum. Beside the granary there is the oldest brewery in Latvia, Cēsu alus darītava, which was built in 1878 during the later Count Sievers' time, but its origins date back to the period of the Livonian Order. Further on, the Cēsis Castle park is situated, which was laid out in 1812. The park has the romantic characteristic of that time, with its winding footpaths, exotic plants, and the waters of the pond reflecting the castle's ruins. Nowadays also one of the towers is open for tourists.


text:
Engineer Load Management
The Engineer Load Management is responsible for researching, evaluating and recommending software and hardware solutions to deliver existing load management and demand response programs. Assists the Load Management Program Manager with designing and implementing new demand response programs. Serves as subject matter expert (SME) and leads the testing and implementation of new technologies and supporting databases. Also responsible for daily monitoring of demand response software and hardware to ensure reliability and takes appropriate steps for corrective action when deficiencies are identified.
The Engineer Load Management performs under minimal guidance and provides mentoring and training to the Load Management Analysts, Load Management Technicians and Contractors performing load management and demand response work.
**A valid driver's license is required **
PRIMARY DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES:
- Responsible for testing and monitoring the reliability and accuracy of the hardware and software utilized to deliver the Energy Planner demand response program both in a lab and field environment. Working knowledge of software and firmware designs embedded within smart thermostats and control devices for electric water heaters and pool pumps.
- Advanced knowledge of vendor's home area network communications protocol and programming design to monitor both administrative and customer portals for integrity and reliability; identifies and communicates any inconsistencies or failures to the vendor for corrective action as outlined in Software License Agreement, Commercial Terms, and Master Agreement.
- Tracks hardware and firmware failures; documents reasons and alerts Program Manager of trends or patterns that would indicate potential defects that would negatively impact program performance.
- Evaluates critical pricing events and provides feedback on system performance. Also develops technical reports that describe system performance, communication failures, hardware failures, trends, root cause analysis and reliability.
- Develops training materials and administers training to the Load Management Analysts and Contractors completing load management and demand response (Energy Planner) work.
- Remains current with industry trends, emerging technologies and conservation programs introduced in the market place to achieve load management and demand response goals; participates with the evaluation, recommendation, and implementation of test and production solutions.
- Promotes awareness of new/emerging technologies for home automation and control of appliances to deliver load management and demand response programs.
- Develops presentations to educate peers, contractors, vendors, employees and the public on load management and demand response programs. Provides Emergency Management or Company support as determined by Manager and Company guidelines during severe storms or any other Company emergency.
EDUCATION, LICENSES, AND CERTIFICATIONS:
- Degree must be from an institution accredited by the Commissions on Colleges
- Required: Bachelor's degree in Computer Engineering or Electrical Engineering from an ABET accredited institution.
REQUIRED SKILLS AND EXPERIENCE:
- Minimum of 5 years' experience supporting the evaluation, development, testing and delivery of load management and/or demand response programs including Smart Grid products and services.
- Develops and maintains industry knowledge and expertise in the areas of load management and demand response technologies.
- Working knowledge of end-user platforms and smart grid technologies to deliver demand response programs.
- Ability to evaluate, monitor and diagnose load management technologies and corresponding software and firmware enhancements embedded in devices for control.
- Utilization of diagrams and schematics to replicate home area networks in a lab environment for testing and evaluation purposes.
- Ability to communicate and present technical information effectively.
PREFERRED SKILLS AND EXPERIENCE:
- Business process flow definition and documentation, software configuration and customization.
- Knowledge of HVAC systems, water heaters and pool pumps installed in residential applications.
- Some extended and after hours, weekend and holiday work is required.
- Sitting for long periods of time, walking, bending, stooping, and climbing.
- Repetitive use of fingers and hands to operate computer software and keyboard, build test boards and test devices.
- The ability to work in customer homes, outdoors, in the sun, rain and sometimes inclement weather conditions.
- Business & Job Knowledge, Communication/Presentation Skills, Judgment, Ownership & Excellence, Produce Results & Vision and Strategy.


DESX uses whitening to strengthen against brute force attacks. What is an attack one could use to recover DESX's pre-whitening key with only two known ciphertext/plaintext pairs, given that the attacker can successfully disable the post-whitening step?
So far I have come up with this:
 - The attacker could use an active fault injection attack to reduce DESX to return the results after round 1, effectively skipping rounds 2 to 16.
 - Starting from the two ciphertexts, the attacker could then find all inputs to the s-boxes to recover all s-box input candidates.
 - Starting from the two plaintexts, the attacker can find E(whiteningKey) xor roundKey combinations that produce the same s-box input candidates.
My problem now is this: The attacker has no way other than brute force to separate the whitening key from the round key in the equation above. Given the fact that brute force takes on average 2^55 attempts, this would be incredibly slow without special FPGA hardware.
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ Since the point of DESX is to improve security above the 56 bits offered by DES, an attack that's just as expensive as brute-forcing a DES key should still count as an attack. $\endgroup$ – CodesInChaos Nov 27 '17 at 16:47
The goal of DESX is to improve the security above the 56-bit level offered by DES. So an attack that's merely as expensive as brute-forcing the DES key is an attack, even if it's still rather expensive.
Define $E_{K,W}^\prime(P) = E_{K}(P\oplus W)$ and $D^\prime$ as its inverse. Then we can relate the two known pairs $(K_1,P_1)$ and $(K_2,P_2)$:
$$\begin{eqnarray} P_1\oplus P_2 &=& D^\prime(C_1)\oplus D^\prime(C_2) \\ &=& (D_K(C_1)\oplus W)\oplus (D_K(C_2)\oplus W) \\ &=& D_K(C_1) \oplus D_K(C_2) \end{eqnarray} $$
Since $P_1\oplus P_2 = D_K(C_1) \oplus D_K(C_2)$ only involves $K$ and not $W$ we can simply brute-force that 56-bit key, ignoring $W$, showing that using only pre-whitening does not improve security compared to plain DES. A similar argument can be applied to post-whitening. Note that this attack does not rely on the particular structure of DES (except having a key short enough to brute-force) and can be applied to any other blockcipher.
This is in fact a homework question for Christof Paar's lecture "Introduction to Cryptography 1" at the Ruhr University of Bochum.
In another task we had to recover the key (or parts of it) with a fault injection attack. The result was that $IP$ and $IP^{-1}$ was skipped and the output after the first round was the output of the whole encryption.
With that we could easily calculate the key (not the whitening key). We now know two pairs of $$ and the encryption key. To find the whitening key we have to check $2^{64}$ possible keys to check wether $DES(x \oplus k_{whitening}, k_{known}) == y$ for the given pairs $$ and the recovered key.
But this seems harder than the $2^{56}$ keys we would have to check if we wanted to bruteforce the encryption key.
The question stated that Pre(or Post) whitening alone did not improve security. So maybe my thoughts are still wrong somehow.
I found another question but there is no clear answer.
Your Answer


text:
Sidik Sasongko, Priyo (2010) SOLVING SYSTEM OF NONLINEAR EQUATIONS. PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL ILMU KOMPUTER UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO 2010.
Full text not available from this repository.
Fundamental problems from engineering, chemistry, medicine, etc. can be formulated as a system of nonlinear equations. Solving systems of nonlinear equations is of great importance, because these systems frequently arise in many branches of computational mathematics. Finding the solution of n-dimensional nonlinear equations can be a challenging problem, even when a unique solution exists. Finding a solution for such a system requires sometimes high computational efforts. In this paper, we try to solve them using two different approaches. Both approaches transform the problem into an optimization problem. One approach uses Newton method and the other one a genetic algorithm. The solution of a nonlinear equation with computer simulation illustrates the algorithm. Several experiments are performed in order to emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods. Keywords : Nonlinear equation, optimization problem, Newton technique, Genetic Algorithm.
|Subjects:||Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science|
|Divisions:||Faculty of Science and Mathematics > Department of Computer Science|
|Deposited By:||Mr. Matematika Admin|
|Deposited On:||10 Dec 2010 17:13|
|Last Modified:||10 Dec 2010 17:13|
Repository Staff Only: item control page


text:
Media Effects Research Lab
The Media Effects Research Laboratory housed in the College of Communications at Penn State is a facility dedicated to conducting empirical research on the psychological effects of communication technologies and media psychology. Several experimental studies involving hundreds of subjects have been conducted in the lab since its opening in 1997. Experiments have been executed by faculty as well as undergraduate and graduate students taking classes in media effects, psychological aspects of communication technologies, and introduction to communication research method.
Experiments with television and computers in the Traditional Wing have tested the effects of structural features such as modality, and psychological outcomes of various content. More recently, research in this lab has also tested various psychological effects of video game play. Experiments in the New Media Wing have involved studying the effects of animation on websites, loading time of websites on subjects' attention, arousal, memory, content perception, effects of content on stimulation of stereotypical thoughts, emotional and cognitive responses to media entertainment, media violence, reality-based television programs, gender and media, and media portrayals of racial groups and the effects of such portrayals on viewers' racial attitudes.
In addition to providing a physical space for conducting controlled experiments, the Media Effects Research Laboratory acts as a resource facility for researchers conducting experiments and surveys in all aspects of media effects. The lab also serves as an impetus for effects researchers to collaborate and share results and ideas. The lab helps prepare and pretest stimuli, and its personnel offer assistance in designing experiments and questionnaires.


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CHARITIES FOR THE POOR. (fn. 50)
Walden abbey undertook to pay £1 a year out of the
rectory to feed 30 paupers in Edmonton but payments apparently ceased at the Dissolution. (fn. 51)
Sir Christopher Askew, alderman of London, by
will proved 1539, left £100 for 'best full white
herrings' to be distributed among the poor of
Edmonton each Lent. (fn. 52) His son Richard said that
the charity had already lapsed by 1551, because of
the high price of herrings. (fn. 53)
During the 17th century important charities were
founded for schools, which are dealt with above,
and for alms-houses. By 1819 there were 20 charities
in Edmonton, mostly for the poor or to augment the
existing education and alms-house charities. They
were administered as the Edmonton charities by
trustees consisting of the vicar and churchwardens
and 11 prominent inhabitants. (fn. 54) A committee of the
vestry, appointed in 1848, alleged that 11 charities
should not be administered by the trustees but by
the parish or by the vicar and churchwardens,
that the funds of the various charities were amalgamated, and that there was misappropriation,
particularly in the case of Latymer's charity, which
accounted for £500 out of the total annual income
of £900. The trustees denied the charges and by a
Charity Commission Scheme of 1866 were authorized to administer together 23 charities, although
excluding the Latymer charity. The 23 charities
were those of Alston, Cade, Chaplin, Colfe, Elliott,
Hallam, Huxley, Jackson, Lewitt, Maule, Pitt,
Rogers, Skip, Smith, Stanbridge, Edmund and
Sarah Slaughter, Style, Tatem, Uvedale, Wilde of
Edmonton, Wilde of Barking, and Wyatt.
In 1889 another parochial committee reported
that money, particularly for apprenticing, was not
being properly applied and in 1891 it proposed a
new Scheme. It was not until 1899, however, that
the Charity Commission established a new board of
trustees, consisting of the vicar, 5 representatives
of Edmonton U.D.C. and 4 of Southgate U.D.C.,
and 8 co-opted members. There were to be two
groups of charities-the United charities of
Judith Alston and others and the Ecclesiastical
charities. The Ecclesiastical charities consisted
of Maule's charity and the ecclesiastical provisions of
the charities of Hallam, Rogers, and Wilde of
Edmonton, producing a total annual income of £143.
The United charities consisted of the remaining
charities in the 1866 Scheme, together with those of
Baker, Bellis, Board, John and Henry Field,
Jifkins, Larman, Whitbread, and part of Knight's
and Rowley's charities. The total stock amounted
to £9,933 and the annual income to £469.
By a Scheme of 1902 the United charities were
divided into three branches: educational, which
consisted of £20 a year from Style's and £8 a year
from Wilde of Edmonton's charities; apprenticing,
consisting of £10 a year from Style's, £6 a year from
Wilde of Edmonton's charities, and the relevant
portion of Chaplin's charity; and alms-houses and
pensioners, to which all the other income was
applied. The educational branch was abstracted
from the United charities by a Scheme of 1905,
which transformed it into the Educational Foundations of John Wilde of Edmonton and Thomas Style.
Knight's charity and the Oswin fund were added
to the United charities in 1914 and 1928 respectively.
By a Scheme of 1965 pensioners were omitted
from the third branch of the United charities, all
the money going to the alms-houses. The income of
the United charities in 1964 was £1,760, of which
£228 was paid to alms-people. In 1973 the income
was £1,100, which was wholly applied to the
upkeep of the alms-houses. By 1973 the apprenticing
branch of the charity was dormant, virtually no
applications being made for it.
Several charities were founded during the 19th
century for the benefit of Southgate parish,
especially by the Walker family, and in 1906 the
Southgate relief committee, which included the
vicar and churchwardens of Christ Church, was
formed to administer them. In 1973 the committee
administered £120 income from the charities of
John Julian, Frederick Walker, Vyell E. Walker, and
Russell Walker, and the relevant portions of
Sophia Walker's charity and the Weld Chapel
trust. (fn. 55)
The United Charities.
In 1662 John Wilde of Edmonton, had 'lately' built
three alms-houses next to the churchyard in Church
Street. By will proved 1665 he conveyed houses and
25 a., mostly of common-field land, to trustees to
apply the profits to several charities, including £4 a
year for the inmates of the alms-houses. (fn. 56) By
1867 £7 was being paid by Wilde's charity to the
Thomas Style (d. 1679) built two alms-houses
adjoining the churchyard for 6 poor men and 6 poor
women of Edmonton. In 1679 he endowed the
alms-houses with part of a rent-charge of £66 on
Dephams estate, of which £1 16s. a year was to be
spent on repairs and £33 16s. a year on weekly
payments of 1s. 1d. each to the almspeople.
John Lewitt of Palmers Green, by will dated 1771,
bequeathed £800 stock yielding £24 a year which
was distributed among the 12 inmates of Style's
alms-houses. George Stanbridge of Edmonton, by
will dated 1780, bequeathed £500 stock to the
trustees of Wilde's and Style's alms-houses, who
in 1823 distributed the income of £16 10s. amongst
the 15 alms-people. Other charities for the benefit
of the 15 inmates were those of Sarah Huxley,
daughter of Thomas Huxley of Weir Hall, who
bequeathed £1,000 yielding £38 a year by will
dated 1800; Miss Catherine Tatem of Edmonton,
who bequeathed £50 stock yielding £1 10s. by will
dated 1812; Thomas Elliott, clock-maker of
Edmonton, who by will dated 1824 bequeathed
£450 stock, which in 1899 yielded £12; John Pitt,
who bequeathed £100 stock yielding £3 a year by
will dated 1826; (fn. 57) Edmund Slaughter of Edmonton,
who by will proved 1832 bequeathed £500 stock,
yielding £14 in 1899; (fn. 58) and William Skip of
Edmonton, who left £100 stock yielding £3 a year
subject to the repair of his vault, by will dated 1836.
In 1861 Thomas Knight of Edmonton endowed
the 15 alms-houses with £500 stock producing
£13 15s. and in 1879 Hannah Whitbread gave £607
stock yielding £18, to maintain the buildings or
benefit the inmates.
Several charities provided for benefits in kind. By
will dated 1820 Sarah Slaughter directed that the
interest on £50 stock was to be spent on Christmas
dinner for the 15 alms-people. The interest was
£1 10s. in 1867. Ann Larman, by will proved 1867,
bequeathed £105 stock yielding £3 a year to buy
coal for the inmates of Style's alms-houses. In
1892 George Bellis left £103 stock yielding £3 to
buy coal for the 15 alms-people. By will proved 1892
Thomas William Rowley bequeathed £500 stock
producing £14 to provide bread and coal for the 15
alms-people but by a Scheme of 1893 the money was
to supplement their stipends.
The alms-people, in 1851 6 men and 9 women,
mostly widows, (fn. 59) were chosen by the vestry until
1899 when full control passed to the trustees.
The alms-houses were in disrepair in the 1740s
and Style's alms-houses were rebuilt in 1754 and
again in 1903 to the designs of H. W. Dobb.
Nearly all the stock was sold in 1960 to modernize
the buildings but the Ministry of Housing made a
grant for the Charity Commissioners to reinvest.
In 1851 Thomas Knight gave two cottages
which he had recently erected in Church Lane in


Cyberchase Wiki
"How It All Started: Webisode 1" is the first Cyberchase webisode, and the first part of the How It All Started prequel series that was later expanded into Web Adventures. It was originally published in December 2001. The included browser minigame is titled "Hacker's Safe"[1].
Aside from early versions of episodes that were test-screened or evaluated with limited audiences ("The Poddleville Case", "Bridge", "Lost My Marbles", "Snow Day to be Exact", and "Castleblanca"), this webisode may be the debut appearance of each character and location that it includes.
The narration gives an introductory explanation of Cyberspace[2] and its cybersites[3].
At the Cyber Grand Council Building, the heads of several cybersites are in a meeting with Motherboard to discuss the future[4], demonstrating her benevolent and optimistic leadership[5].
The narration then explains that Motherboard exists as the brain of Control Central[6], which oversees Cyberspace[7], and is maintained by Dr. Marbles[8]. Dr. Marbles creates a cyborg who calls himself The Hacker and wants to take over Cyberspace[9]. Hacker, in turn, creates Digit[10].
One night, while Dr. Marbles is away, Hacker removes Motherboard's Encryptor Chip and locks it in a secret vault[11]. Digit needs to figure out the combination and return the chip to Motherboard before it's too late[12], which is presented in the form of a minigame where the player must complete 3 patterns[1].
Motherboard chides Hacker and exiles him from Control Central[13]. Dr. Marbles drains his power and places him in a cyberpod[14] that flies to the farthest reaches of the Northern Frontier[15]. However, unbeknownst to Motherboard or Dr. Marbles, Hacker also brought Digit into the pod against his will[16].
 - In this webisode, Hacker is depicted as being power-hungry from his creation[9], whereas in later flashbacks in Cyberchase, he sincerely wanted to help Motherboard for some time, and only later became evil[17][18].


Losing sleep over jail conditions - Taipei Times
Thu, Sep 19, 2013 - Page 8 News List
Losing sleep over jail conditions
By Liu Kung-chung 劉孔中
Normal sleep is affected by many factors, such as the body's physiological, psychological and biological rhythms, and is also directly affected by environmental and climatological factors. Having an appropriate mattress and bedding can help eliminate a lot of the fatigue produced during the day and improve the quality of one's sleep.
The most important component in ensuring a good night's sleep is the bed. When selecting a bed, one should give careful consideration to its length and width, if it is smooth and flat, as well as whether it gives good support and is comfortable.
The bed's height is also important, but there is no consensus on what constitutes the ideal height. In principle, it should be at least 40cm high, but even if the number is agreed upon, there is still the issue of how to define it.
Some people think the height should be defined as the distance from the top bedding cover to the floor, and that it should be between 46cm and 50cm. The reason for this is that the ideal height of a chair is 40cm and when a person sits on the bed, they compress the mattress, thereby reducing the bed's height to about 40cm.
Furthermore, it is critical to have a bed that is raised off the floor because Taiwan is very humid and mattresses easily absorb moisture. In addition, dust, dirt, hair and other material on the floor attract bacteria, which are stirred up into the air as people walk around. Anyone who sleeps directly on the floor can inhale this dust, which will have a pejorative effect on their health.
These reasons firmly establish the physical and psychological importance of sleeping in a bed that is raised above the ground, which is why the US' Standards on the Treatment of Prisoners approved by the American Bar Association in 2010 states that "[c]orrectional authorities should provide each prisoner, at a minimum, with a bed and mattress off the floor."
By contrast, Taiwan's prisons do not provide prisoners with beds, subjecting them to even worse sleeping conditions than those experienced by their counterparts in China.
In 2011, China announced article 28 of its prison building standard, which stipulated the size and height of prison beds.
According to this article, inmates' beds should not be narrower than 80cm. It further states that bunk beds must not be in a room with a ceiling lower than 3.4m, single beds must be in rooms with a height of more than 2.8m. If there are cells on both sides of a corridor in the prison dormitories, the corridor must be at least 2.4m wide, and if there are cells on only one side, the corridor must be at least 2m wide, the article says. It also requires that the window-to-floor ratio not be less than 1:7.
Even in Japan — a country that is more densely populated than Taiwan — inmates receive far more humane treatment than in Taiwan. Japanese prisons provide 4.125m2 of dormitory space per person and 6.6m2 of individual cell space. In comparison, dormitory space in the US is approx. 2.75m2 per prisoner, while individual cell space is 7.39m2.
China has even higher standards. The average communal space per prisoner in medium-security prisons is 21.41m2, 21.16m2 and 20.96m2 in small, medium and large insitutitions respectively. In small and medium-sized high-security prisons, the space per prisoner is 27.09m2 and 26.80m2 respectively.
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Awesome Monogram Font Generator – Monogram is any different graphemes or actually a theme. Monograms are a branding element that showcase family style or your personal. Earmarked for the privileged, the monogram is a decorating tool that every one can use. The monogram of an individual is frequently a very elaborate artwork such as example luggage, such as embroidery on clothing, and so forth employed for stationery. These monograms might have three letters or two. A enduring and popular part of monograms is the using letters found to make acronyms.
Fashion businesses have a monogram for a symbol, Athletes have been proven to brand product with their monogram logo. Engaged or married couples can use two-letter monograms of these initials. People may also cause monograms incorporating the initial of these surname that is shared. Where they are sometimes found in several of distinct positions, monograms can be found on custom dress shirts. Some personal monograms recognizable to many and have become famous symbols within their very best.
Roger Federer Logo Font from monogram font generator, source: fontmeme.com
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Granite colors range the spectrum from white to black to pink, but what makes a single rock type so variable? Here we will discover what makes each granite a different color, what that tells us about its mineralogy and origin. You may be an amateur geologist, just curious, or looking for your new granite countertops. Regardless of the reason, you'll be amazed at the vast varieties of different granites.
Granite is one of the most commonly known types of rocks, used in everything from buildings to sculptures. It has been used for thousands of years and is regarded as a symbol of status, strength, and durability.
What is Granite?
Granite is an intrusive igneous rock with large grains (minerals) easily seen by the naked eye. Granite colors are most commonly pink, white, variations of grey and black. However, it's important to note that some stones marketed as black 'granite' are in fact likely gabbro as granite must contain at least 20% quartz within a rock to make it granite.
Now, let's break down what exactly an intrusive igneous rock is:
- An intrusive rock means that molten rock cooled within the crust and was never expelled as molten rock. The gradual cooling of molten rock is imperative to create the large crystals of a singular mineral that we see in granites. With time, there is differential lithification or solidifying of molten rock dependent on chemical makeup, this allows for different types of minerals to form at different periods of time and alter the final resulting granite. Therefore, the size of individual grains is proportional to how slowly the molten rock was cooled. Extrusive rocks cool during a volcanic eruption and allow no time for orientation of minerals, creating a homogenous looking rock with no discernible grains.
- An igneous rock is a rock that has solidified from molten rock. This is in comparison to the two other major types of rock, sedimentary and metamorphic.
What Determines Granite Colors?
Granite is a conglomerate of minerals and rocks, primarily quartz, potassium feldspar, mica, amphiboles, and trace other minerals. Granite typically contains 20-60% quartz, 10-65% feldspar, and 5-15% micas (biotite or muscovite). The minerals that make up granite give it the unique colors we see in different types of granite.
The relative proportion of different colored minerals in a granite is largely due to the original source of molten rock that cooled to form the granite. If the molten rock was abundant in potassium feldspar, the granite is more likely to take on a salmon pink color. On the other hand, if the molten rock is abundant in quartz and minerals that make up amphibole, you will likely get a black and white speckled granite commonly seen on countertops.
- Quartz - typically milky white color
- Feldspar - typically off-white color
- Potassium Feldspar - typically salmon pink color
- Biotite - typically black or dark brown color
- Muscovite - typically metallic gold or yellow color
- Amphibole - typically black or dark green color
The combination of the minerals above make up most of the colors we typically see in a granite. Now, let's break down the distance types of granite and a quick overview of what gives them their color
White granite is a granite that is composed primarily of quartz (milky white) and feldspar (opaque white) minerals. The small black specks in the granite above are likely small amphibole grains. This could be due to a lack of chemical components needed to form amphibole, or the cooling process was not amenable to formation of amphiboles.
If you see a rock that is 100% white, it is not granite but more likely a man-made rock that is created to look like granite or a quartz (quartzite) countertop.
"Black granite" is commonly seen in commercial rock, but it is not granite at all. As said above, granite must be at least 20% quartz, which means an all black rock is not a granite. Most commonly, black granite is in fact gabbro, a mafic intrusive igneous rock similar to basalt. Gabbro is primarily composed of minerals pyroxene, plagioclase, and small amounts of olivine (dark green) and amphibole.
Pink colored granite is a result of an abundance of potassium feldspar within the granite. You can see small specs of milky semi-transparent quartz, dark brown/black amphibole, and opaque white feldspar. However, in a granite like the one above the primary mineral is potassium feldspar.
Black And White Granite
The above granite appears to have equal parts quartz, feldspar, and amphibole, making a speckled black and white granite. This is one of the most common types of granite and one that is most commonly seen used for granite countertops.
Red granite is a variation of pink potassium feldspar abundant granite, where the k-feldspar takes on a redder than pinker color. Also, you can get red coloring from iron oxide in hematite grains or inclusion within feldspar, essentially the same process that makes rusted metal ruby red colored.
You may find advertisements for blue granite countertops but this is also almost certainly not granite. One potential is that the rock is actually Larvikite, an igneous variety of monzonite and sometimes referred to as "blue granite" despite it not being granite. Another common alternative is Anorthosite, a rock that contains abundant blue labradorite and is sometimes sold as blue granite.
When advertised as green granite, often times the stone is actually a green variety of marble, which gains its green coloration due to inclusions of serpentine. It could also be a green variation of soapstone, mislabeled as granite. Granites are not abundant in green colored minerals, but there are a variety of different rock types that do contain green minerals in abundance. One very unusual way to get a green coloration is the inclusion of amazonite, a green variety of feldspar.
Common Types Of Granite
Lastly, we'll go through some of the most common types of granite and what gives them the color they have inherited.
- Santa (St.) Cecilia granite
- This granite is known for its many garnets (deep red minerals) with tannish feldspar, quartz, and dark biotite.
- Uba Tuba granite
- Uba Tuba granite is a type of granite mined in Brazil that takes on a dark color due to an abundance of mica.
- Kashmir White granite
- Kashmir White granite is primarily composed of white feldspar and quartz, with distinctive red garnet crystals. This is not actually a granite, but a metamorphic rock.
- (New) Venetian Gold granite
- A mixture of tan and white feldspar and quartz minerals with amphibole, mica, and garnets to add dark black and red coloring.
- Giallo Ornamental granite
- Some versions of this granite appear to be partially metamorphosed, bringing it into the category of a gneiss. The metamorphosis, a result of heat and pressure, gives it the swirl texture. This granite has very little accessory minerals and is primarily white due to feldspar and quartz.
- Tan Brown granite
- The tan here refers to a variation of feldspar, with trace amounts of potassium to give it a very faint pink color. The brown and black flecks are likely abundant amphibole.
- Baltic Brown granite
- This type of granite is very similar to the tan brown granite, but with larger feldspar grains.
- Black Pearl granite
- This is not actually a granite, but a type of gabbro with pyroxene and amphibole.
- Bianco Antico granite
- This granite is primarily quartz, with pink flecks of feldspar sourced from Brazil.
- Black Galaxy granite
- This granite is actually a type of fine to medium grained gabbro, black with golden flecks.
- Volga Blue granite
- This is actually an Anthrosite, an intrusive igneous rock that gets its iridescent blue color from labradorescence.
- Absolute Black granite
- Again, this is a type of gabbro and not a granite, similar to the Black Pearl granite above.
That wraps up this guide to granite colors and hopefully taught you a lot about the different varieties of granites, from white granite to 'black granite.' Leave a comment below with your favorite.


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I've recently come to grips in Turkish about the subtleties of translating "to like", and am wondering about how it works in a few other languages including Hungarian. What is the difference between:
I do know that "tetszik" is different from the others in that its structure is better translated as "to appeal to sb/sg" rather than "to like". However are there situations where natives prefer to use "kedvel-" over "szeret-" (and vice-versa)? What are some other ways Hungarians could use to translate "to like"? (i.e. did I miss including other verbs that Hungarians use to translate "to like" etc.?)
As I learn more languages, the more I realize that few true synonyms exist. It's more accurate to think of matters as a few words overlapping in meaning or register but the nuances remain distinct and beyond the grasp of a learner or not always covered in a big dictionary.