Difference Between AND Gate and OR Gate
Both AND logic gate and OR logic gate are the two basic logic gates used in digital circuits. However, the two are mainly differentiated on the basis of logic operation performed by them. The crucial difference between AND gate and OR gate is that AND gate performs multiplication of the digital inputs. As against the OR logic gate is used to execute the addition of the digital inputs.
It is known that logic gates are basically defined as the electronic circuits that are used to implement Boolean functions. The digital logic gates serve as the basic building block of electronic systems. As digital logic designs permit only two states or voltage levels that are generally expressed as 1 or 0 and sometimes are referred as either high low or true false respectively.
Basically, there are various operations performed by different logic gates that include addition, multiplication, inverse, etc. These operations distinct the different logic gates. The operation performed by the logic gates is referred as a boolean expression. Here in this article, we will discuss the factors that differentiate an AND gate from an OR gate.
Content: AND Gate Vs OR Gate
 1. Comparison Chart
 2. Definition
 3. Key Differences
 4. Conclusion
Comparison Chart
Basis for ComparisonAND GateOR Gate
BasicIt executes logical multiplication.OR gate executes logical summation.
Symbolsymbol of AND gatesymbol of OR gate
RuleLogical conjunctionLogical disjunction
Boolean ExpressionX. YX + Y
OutputLogic high output is achieved when necessarily both the inputs are high.Logic high is achievable in case of even single high input.
Definition of AND gate
A logic gate that is designed to execute the logical multiplication of binary inputs is known as AND gate. We know the basic product rule that if 1 and 0 is multiplied then automatically the resultant will be 0. However, when 1 and 1 are multiplied then its product will be 1 itself.
This rule is followed by AND logic gate in the digital system.AND gate
The symbolic representation of the AND gate is shown above. Here we have considered X and Y as the two inputs of the AND logic gate and Z to be the output.
The figure below represents the truth table of AND gate:
truth table for AND gate
As we can see in the truth table representation that when both X and Y are logic low i.e., 0 then the value of Z is also logic low. Even in the case when any one of the given input is high then also the value of output will be low. But when both the digital values at the input of the AND logic gate is high then the gate produces a logic high signal at its output.
Here we have discussed the logic operation for two inputs but it can be expanded to more than 2 inputs.
Definition of OR gate
A type of logic gate that is designed to perform logical addition of two applied inputs is known as the OR gate. This logic gate follows the basic rule of the addition of digital inputs. The basic rule of summation is such that even when a single input is one then the output will also be 1. However, in the case of both the inputs as 0, the output will automatically become 0.
Let us see the symbolic representation of the OR logic gate:
OR gate
Here X and Y represent the two inputs of the OR logic gate. While Z is the output. The truth table representation of OR logic gate:
truth table for OR gate
It is clear from the truth table representation that when both the inputs are 0, then the output will also be 0. However, when any one or both the inputs become logic high then the output will also be high. This is the reason why the tabular representation shows the output to be high when even a single input is high. While the output automatically turns out to be 0 when only even a single input is not 1.
Key Differences Between AND Gate and OR Gate
 1. AND gate provides the product of two binary values as its output. However, the OR gate gives the summation of the two applied binary inputs as its output.
 2. AND gate follows the rule of logical conjunction. As against OR gate follows logical disjunction.
 3. The boolean expression of the AND gate is represented as A.B. While the boolean expression of the OR gate is given as A+B, where A and B are considered to be the two applied inputs.
 4. In AND gate, logic high output is achieved only when both the applied inputs are high. While in the OR gate, a logic high is achieved if either anyone or both the inputs are high.
So, we can conclude that both AND and OR are the two basic logic gates designed to execute boolean operations. However, the crucial difference lies in the operation performed by them.
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The VILLUM FOUNDATION awards grants to young researchers
Søren Besenbacher, Bioinformatics Research Centre (BiRC), receives DKK 2.6 million for a project entitled 'Disentangling mutation and selection in human evolution'.
2013.02.01 | Ellen Bernadette Noer
This study will use bioinformatic methods to examine data from genome sequencing of pairs of parents and children in order to determine local differences in the human mutation rate and investigate what causes these differences. This will contribute to the understanding of serious genetic disorders such as schizophrenia and will also make it possible to disentangle the effect of the mutation from the effect of other evolutionary forces such as selection.
Read more about the grants.


RCMP raid on Wet'suwet'en
RCMP raided a Wet'suwet'en land defender camp on February 6. Photo by Jesse Winter
What You Need to Know About the Wet'suwet'en Crisis
Your guide to "rule of law," "land defenders," and the 1997 Supreme Court decision underpinning Canada's biggest news story.
February 21, 2020, 5:23pm
There is a special kind of sinking feeling that kicks in when news develops faster than the human brain can process. In Canada we've had to get used to this feeling the past few weeks as a long-simmering dispute over a natural gas pipeline in northern B.C. has grown into the biggest story in the country, with coast-to-coast blockades underlining a broken relationship between Indigenous peoples and the provincial and federal leaders who claim to care about their rights.
Things really started to break down when militarized police descended on Wet'suwet'en people and their supporters to make way for the $6.6 billion Coastal GasLink pipeline earlier this month. The resulting cascade of cross-country protest—which has stopped hundreds of trains and disrupted government proceedings—has been dubbed the Wet'suwet'en crisis, but it could just as easily be called the Canada crisis. After all, it's not the first time the country has pinned the RCMP against Indigenous people defending their land (see: Oka crisis, Gustafsen Lake). At the heart of the issue is a First Nation's traditional governance structure, and its ability to exist and make decisions outside the constraints of Canada's colonial legal system.
We've since seen spinoff controversies about alternative routes, what to call Indigenous people who occupy their territory in the face of police-enforced removal, how much money and jobs these blockades will ultimately cost, and what politicians really mean when they invoke the "rule of law." If you're tuning in late, or need some talking points ahead of some tough conversations with relatives and coworkers, VICE is here to help with some answers to questions about the Wet'suwet'en Nation, Coastal GasLink, and the crisis Prime Minister Justin Trudeau says he wants to resolve quickly and peacefully.
Why did the RCMP raid Indigenous land?
In the early hours of February 6, a small army of police descended on a snowy outdoor camp where members of the Wet'suwet'en Nation and their supporters were keeping watch over ancestral land. The raid lasted five days, and resulted in 30 arrests. All the war toys came out: low-flying helicopters, dog teams, snipers, and drones.
It wasn't the first time that police had conducted a military-style raid on Wet'suwet'en territory. In January 2019, the RCMP arrested 14 people at another Wet'suwet'en camp with a similarly over-the-top show of force. Tactical officers were authorized to use lethal force, according to an explosive report uncovered by the Guardian.
The "why" question boils down to a pipeline company's request to a judge. Coastal GasLink—a subsidiary of TC Energy or TransCanada, which also owns the Keystone pipeline and other big oil infrastructure—has a plan to build a natural gas pipeline from northeastern B.C. to the coast, which crosses through Wet'suwet'en land. It filed an injunction to prevent anti-pipeline roadblocks, and a B.C. Supreme Court judge granted it in December.
The court order gave police the power to clear the roadway leading to construction sites for the pipeline, but its power to remove Wet'suwet'en people occupying nearby camps is disputed. Civil rights groups have called the enforcement overbroad and not legally justifiable. The majority of arrestees were released without charges or court dates.
Who are the Wet'suwet'en hereditary chiefs?
The Wet'suwet'en Nation is a 22,000-square-kilometre stretch of land that has been inhabited by the Wet'suwet'en people for thousands of years. The nation is led by chiefs representing five clans and 13 house groups. Their status as leaders is decided through a feast system, called bahlats. Though they are called hereditary chiefs, their titles are not necessarily handed down by bloodline, but by consensus during feasts.
Since 2012 most of these leaders have opposed Coastal GasLink and other pipelines through their territory, on the grounds that these projects will disturb vital ecosystems and culturally significant sites. The number of active Coastal GasLink-opposing chiefs has shifted over time. Three hereditary chiefs who received funding in exchange for support for the pipeline were stripped of their titles.
Some titles are still in dispute, but none of the current (undisputed) chiefs have spoken in favour of Coastal GasLink. In January 2020, the chiefs who oppose the pipeline issued an eviction notice to police and pipeline workers.
Aren't there elected chiefs who support the pipeline?
Separate from the Wet'suwet'en Nation's traditional way of governance is Canada's band office system, which was designed along with residential schools to strip away Indigenous land and culture. There are six reserve communities within the Wet'suwet'en Nation's borders, all governed by band councils elected by members. Five of these band councils have signed on to benefit agreements with Coastal GasLink, citing economic opportunity.
Somewhat confusingly, one reserve community with an elected council is now called the Wet'suwet'en First Nation, though it was previously named Broman Lake Indian Band. This band council is one of the five that approved the pipeline. The Hagwilget band near Hazelton, B.C. is the remaining holdout. The financial incentives used to secure these agreements have been widely criticized.
Hereditary chiefs say these elected councils were created primarily to oversee the reserves, and do not have the authority to make decisions that affect the whole nation. And they say Canada's court system has recognized this right rests solely with hereditary chiefs.
Did the Supreme Court make a ruling on this?
The hereditary chiefs say that their right to reject energy projects on their territory is upheld by a Supreme Court of Canada ruling from 1997, called the Delgamuukw decision. In that case, the Wet'suwet'en, along with the neighbouring Gitxsan, argued that they never surrendered title rights, and should have a say when it comes to logging clear-cuts planned on their territory. The nations presented ceremonial songs and other cultural artifacts as proof of their deep relationship with the land.
Canada's highest court ultimately affirmed that the provincial government could not "extinguish" Wet'suwet'en title rights, but that title rights are "not absolute." Though the ruling didn't define what title rights do entail for the Wet'suwet'en, it did confirm that these rights existed before Canada became a country.
Is that because British Columbia is "unceded" land?
Attend any event in B.C., and you're likely to hear someone acknowledge you're on the unceded lands of one or more local First Nations. That's because the vast majority of First Nations that fall inside the province's borders never signed treaties with the government, and therefore never surrendered their ownership of the land. This includes the Wet'suwet'en.
However, just because a First Nation has signed a treaty with Canada doesn't necessarily mean that their land is "ceded." A great deal of Canada's treaty documents read like sharing agreements, with extensive rights and responsibilities cutting both ways. So the Wet'suwet'en's non-treaty status is only one aspect of the delicate legal situation that sets the case apart.
Why do I keep hearing about Gidimt'en and Unist'ot'en camps?
In 2009, members of the Unist'ot'en clan of the Wet'suwet'en people began reclaiming a remote area by the Morice River, accessible only by logging road. At the time several energy companies including Enbridge's Northern Gateway pipeline were jockeying to build up an energy corridor through the area. Over the past decade the camp has grown into a symbol of Indigenous resistance and self-determination, and is now home to a $2 million healing lodge with programming funded by the First Nations Health Authority.
In more recent years members of the Gidimt'en clan established a second camp along the same logging road. Both of the camps are on Wet'suwet'en land, and are occupied by Wet'suwet'en land defenders and supporters year round. Both were raided by the RCMP earlier this month, though people barricaded inside a Gidimt'en cabin and the Unist'ot'en lodge were allowed to stay.
Who is a "land defender" and who is a "protester"?
Because the Wet'suwet'en are standing ground on their own land, many reject the idea that they are protesting. When asked to self-identify, Wet'suwet'en people and supporters occupying the territory will tell you they're land defenders, not anti-pipeline protesters. Canadian journalists have debated whether or not to adopt this terminology.
This gets a bit trickier when you consider the Indigenous-led blockades that have since popped up on rail lines, ports, and bridges across the country. These solidarity actions are putting pressure on the provincial and federal governments to meet the hereditary chiefs at the negotiating table. In both cases, organizers say the focus should be standing up for Indigenous self-determination—not just stopping one pipeline.
Edmonton rail blockade
Wet'suwet'en supporters block a CN Rail line west of Edmonton on February 19. Photo by Jason Franson / The Canadian Press
Why do politicians keep using the phrase "rule of law"?
Nearly a month before the raid, B.C. Premier John Horgan told reporters that the "rule of law" must prevail and the Coastal GasLink project should proceed. Multiple members of


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Managing Difficult Conversations
WEBINAR – Managing Difficult Conversations
 - Given everything that is going on in the world around us right now, lots of us are finding ourselves trying to prepare to have difficult conversations both in our personal and professional lives.
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 - This webinar will use the neuroscience of how our mind works to look at what happens in our minds when we prepare for and engage in difficult conversations. Why is it that our emotional minds often take over and we aren't able to be the calm, rational person we had planned to be?
 - The session will demonstrate how to use practical tools and techniques from the Chimp Model to start to be more prepared and ready for challenging conversations.
Managing Difficult Conversations
This webinar is hosted by a trained mentor and focuses on the group's experiences, ideas, and advice to help you to get the best out of yourself whilst working from home.
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The webinar will last for around 60 minutes, you will be given a chance to talk with a group of other like-minded people and one of our trained mentors. Together, we will discuss some of the problems we are facing and then look at strategies and techniques that can help you to better manage your behaviours and emotions during difficult conversations.
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Yes, our webinars are designed to be interactive, group discussions. In order to take part in the discussions, it's essential that you have a microphone, we also recommend that you have a camera so the session is as close to an in-person meeting as possible.
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text:
Based on I. Escudero-Sanz and R. Navarro, "Off-Axis Aberrations of a Wide-Angle Schematic Eye Model," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 16(8), 1999 pp. _PHONE_.
This sample optics Demonstration was created using Optica 3, an application package available for Mathematica.
In the program, the thin lens defocusing element is governed by the input defocus parameters and (in diopters). The defocus angle determines the angle of rotation (in degrees) about the pupil center for the defocus effects. The scatter parameter is used to specify the diffuseness of the retina. The pupil size parameter determines the diameter of the pupil opening. Spatial units are in millimeters.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Check Acceptance Policy
Create and post for both customers and employees a check acceptance policy that is clear and easy to follow. We suggest you include the following:
 1. Make sure a check has a valid street address and not just a post office box address. Write the residential address on the face of the check if it only shows a post office box address.
 2. Require a photo identification (ID), either a State issued Identification Card or a Driver's license. Other government issued ID cards should be included if acceptable. We suggest that a proof of residence be required if it is not included on the ID.
 3. Verify that the address printed on the check and on the ID match. Put a notation on the face of the check to indicate the correct current address.
 4. Verify the phone number, if printed, on the check. If no number is printed on the check, get a current phone number and write it on the face of the check.
 5. Make certain that the written and numeric dollar amounts are the same.
 6. Compare the writer's signature and be confident that it matches the signature on the check.
 7. Install security cameras to get a full face picture of the check writer.
 8. Make a notation of the date and time when the check was received in a margin on the check. This will allow easier searches through security tapes to locate the delivery of the bad check.
 9. Only accept checks with the current date. Post-dated checks are civil matters and are not eligible for the Bad Check Program.
 10. Avoid out of state checks and checks with low numbers. We suggest that no counter checks be accepted.
 11. Require the individual to sign the check in your presence. If it is a company check, have the individual print their full name under their signature.
Checks as Payments
It is the choice of each individual and business to accept a check as payment for their goods or services. You do not have to accept a check as payment and can request another form of payment. If you do feel unsure or do not trust the individual writing the check, ask for another form of payment.


Optical Measurement of Granite Tranches.
Automatic contour recognition
In association with Kusser Aicha Granitwerke FORWISS has developed an optical measuring system for granite plates. The informations on these so called tranches are saved in a relational database system. During the measuring process the system will automatically recognize parts of the tranche that were marked as defective by simply covering the surface with painted tiles.
In addition a colored picture of a small part of the tranche will be shot in order to classify the surface color and structure of the granite tranche. This picture will also be stored in the database.
Kusser Aicha Granitwerk - ball spring
On the basis of the database proper tranches could be chosen by a salesclerk to simplify customer requests. To do this, it had been necessary to implement intelligent search functions, an estimation and optimization of the production waste and the value of the remaining tranche, and the possibility of comparing the surface collor of different tranches
The whole software system can be controlled with a modern interactive user interface and leads to efficient storage administration and quality assurance in a middle class company.
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Notes and queries
Why Genghis Khan wasn't such a bad guy; The pharmacist's secret ingredient; Why the red card is worse in rugby than football
Genghis Khan notes and queries
Hard but fair... Genghis Khan. Photograph: © Bettmann/CORBIS
Did Genghis Khan know what he was doing was wrong?
Temujin, aka Gengis Khan, came from an illiterate tribal culture of semi-nomadic herders and rustlers. He parlayed that into a military conquest culture that made Alexander the Great look like a lethargic wimp.
This was no fun for the rest of his known world, but his methods were unexceptional by the standards of his time (_PHONE_). European armies, contemporary and for centuries afterwards, were every bit as brutal, though usually far less successful in the returns they gained for their brutishness. Wrong? The boy done good.
Robert Sproat, London N17
A better question is, did he believe that what he was doing was wrong? Official Mongol ideology said they had been chosen by heaven to rule the world, and anyone who defied the will of heaven by opposing them brought punishment upon themselves. In addition, many of the worst atrocities were "justified" by the murder of Mongol emissaries (probably as a result of explaining the above).
Genghis's Chinese advisers would have tried to explain morality to him, but without apparently modifying his behaviour. He probably lived a good life according to his own beliefs, however repugnant we would find his actions.
Peter Wright, Polegate, East Sussex
Maybe he felt responsibility, but not regret.
Abby Brown, Sheffield
How do pill manufacturers ensure that the chemicals are evenly distributed?
My father was a pharmacist and until the 1930s would occasionally make his own pills – spheres, not flat tablets – to prescription on his pill-making machine (a grand name for a sort of pastryboard-and-rolling-pin device).
The ingredients were first ground and mixed in a pestle and mortar. Some mixes would yield pills that kept their shape and integrity well, but others were known to be unreliable and the pills could fall apart. For these, pharmacists had a secret: a threeor four-inch strip of unprinted paper was torn from the margin of a newspaper and ground into the mix. Wood fibre was the magic ingredient that kept the pills, and their maker's reputation, intact.
Martin Crawshaw, Hull
If a footballer (one in a team of 11) gets sent off, it often seems to make little difference. If a rugby union player (one of 15) gets sent off, it nearly always does. Shouldn't it be the other way round?
A football team reduced to 10 men has some choice as to which position to forgo. If you're already winning, it is probably better to play with just one striker, and try to close the game down at the back; if there is still all to play for, it may be more advisable to play with just three in midfield.
In rugby union, you have no realistic option but to play without your Number 8, thus reducing your pack of forwards to seven players. Your opponents will dominate the set scrums, and the advantage in the line out, the ruck and the maul will be considerable. The 15-man team will thus dominate possession of the ball and over time this will almost inevitably bring victory.
Patrick McCauley, Otley, Yorks
The reason that a player being sent off in rugby tends to have a more detrimental effect than in football is because rugby relies more on man-marking for its defensive routines and because rugby, being a handling game, allows for the better exploitation of the space created by the one-player advantage. Football requires more space in which to operate and therefore the defending team can cover the space with its remaining players more easily.
Of course, the effect of the loss of a player in both sports is significantly influenced by the quality of the player sent off.
Ian Broadbridge, Bristol
Why are there no female Formula One drivers?
Two readers suggested a lack of strength as the main reason (N&Q, 10 February), but another listed several women who had competed in Formula One, so it's not that. We also have a female Red Arrows pilot, so I don't think "pulling g" is the problem either.
Most Formula One drivers start as children in karts, which is an almost exclusively boy-and-dad environment not particularly conducive to a young girl. It gets worse as the aspiring racers reach puberty, when the testosterone-fuelled boys are in their element.
John Carter, London SW19
Any answers?
Anna Witt, Southwold, Suffolk
Why is Dr Who always a Time Lord, not a Time Lady?
Brigid Browne, Calne, Wilts
What was the regional accent of the stereotypical 17thand 18thcentury pirate?
Tim Boxall, Carshalton, Surrey
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Talk:Sub-orbital spaceflight
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I'm confused...[edit]
So any vehicle that travels higher than 100 km yet slower than orbital speed is said to be in Sub-orbital spaceflight.
I don't understand why it is slower than orbital speed. According to the definition of the Karman line, shouldn't it be faster ? In fact, are suborbital flights such as those performed by SpaceShipOne slower or faster than orbital speed ? --Scroteau96 21:28, 25 February 2007 (UTC)
Suborbital flights are almost always slower than orbital speed. SpaceShipOne was much slower than orbital speed. If you can achieve orbital speed (which is very expensive), then you might as well inject into orbit, otherwise you have wasted a lot of money. Charles 16:09, 25 March 2007 (UTC) The only known cases of suborbital flights exceeding orbital velocities were mission failures, e.g. Pioneer-1. Nobody intentionally flies an orbital speed suborbital trajectory (i.e. nobody has money to burn).Charles 16:20, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
Has anyone done the math to show that the successful lunar impactor missions weren't on sub-orbital trajectories? Intuitively, an object impacting the face of the moon following a direct tracjectory had little angular velocity.... Sdsds 20:47, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
Earth escape missions do not fit the generally accepted defintion of suborbital. I think we are splitting hairs here Charles 03:05, 26 March 2007 (UTC)
You are right -- we're splitting hairs. Even so, a lunar impact doesn't imply an Earth escape. What matters is that this article is a great opportunity to explain a bit of orbital mechanics, and it isn't clear the article does that very well yet, given that readers describe themselves as "confused". Sdsds 03:29, 26 March 2007 (UTC)
Fair enough. Over the weekend I will try to write a few words on parabolic trajectories versus elliptical orbits, linking to other content on Wikipedia which covers it in more detail.Charles 13:33, 30 March 2007 (UTC)
The definition[edit]
So which is it? Suborbital Spaceflight or suborbital flight? The dictionary definition of suborbital says it's anything that does not complete an orbit around the world. This would include all regular planes which are very much suborbital. Surely it should be suborbital spaceflight only and use of the other term should be demoted to 'often mistakenly called' status? John 13:33, 30 March 2007 (UTC)
You could be on a suborbital trajectory and not be in space though; anything above about 35 km is in very thin air, and momentum dominates.WolfKeeper (talk) 01:25, 30 November 2007 (UTC)
The difference between suborbital and ordinary flight is largely arbitrary. The government bureaucrats in the USA haggled over it in a jurisdiction fight and came up with a definition that states that something is a suborbital flight if the thrust/weight ratio of the aircraft is greater than one over more than half the powered portion; at least something like that last time I checked.WolfKeeper (talk) 01:25, 30 November 2007 (UTC)
Flight duration[edit]
I restored some text mentioning the duration of the Pioneer 1 sub-orbital flight (43 hours). If you can find a real-world (not theory) example with a longer duration, please use it instead. (On the theory side: if a flight exits the Hill sphere, can we agree it would be non-orbital even if tangential velocity were zero?) Sdsds 15:35, 12 March 2007 (UTC)
Why were Categories removed?[edit]
Why did User:Ksyrie remove lots of categories on 19 March 2007. What was wrong with them? Charles 16:14, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
Suborbital as in electron orbits?[edit]
Suborbital redirects here... will move as soon as I find the right article. W1k13rh3nry 23:47, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
ah... never mind. W1k13rh3nry 23:48, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
I'm confused too...[edit]
This article says that flights in low Earth orbit "attain orbit but deorbit after less than one full orbital period," but the article on orbital spaceflight defines orbital spaceflight as "a spaceflight in which a spacecraft is placed on a trajectory where it could remain in space for at least one orbit," and then lists low Earth orbit as an orbit area. Does this mean that a spacecraft in low Earth orbit deorbits before completing the circle, but remains in outer space for the full circle? Not going in a full circle but going in a full circle doesn't make any sense. Someone the Person 00:07, 15 November 2007 (UTC)
there's a difference between a trajectory that would do an orbit, and a trajectory that wouldn't. There's also a difference between being on a trajectory that is orbital and completing it, to being on an orbital trajectory, but doing retrorocket firing that reenters you before you've actually completed an orbit.WolfKeeper 06:57, 15 November 2007 (UTC)
Talk:Sub-orbital spaceflight/Intercontinental flight[edit]
I've moved a recently created page about Intercontinental flight here because it was too focused on space travel, when in fact any flight between continents is intercontinental. Please merge what you can (with proper credit to the original creator in the edit summary if you wish to delete the page) - Mgm|(talk) 00:36, 8 February 2009 (UTC)
Removed ad.[edit]
I think I was logged out when I made the edit, but I removed the following section from the 'Tourist' section of the article. It's nothing more than an advertisement.
In 2008, Xcor Aerospace partnered with Rocketship Tours to offer the most affordable tourist access to the edge of space (less than half the price of existing competition). For more information contact Robert Miller at _PHONE_ or visit
JZelazny (talk) 04:52, 16 March 2009 (UTC)
First Man-made Object in Space[edit]
This article first says the first man-made object in space was the V2 rocket in 1942 (under the ballistic missile section). Later (under the Notable unmanned sub-orbital spaceflight title) its says the first suborbital spaceflight was the V2 rocket in 1944? So which was it 1942 or 1944? Thanks! Jlenthe (talk) 21:15, 21 February 2010 (UTC)
First manned sub-orbital space flight[edit]
Is this really worth noting, when the first manned orbital space flight had already occured? — Preceding unsigned comment added by (talk) 01:19, 15 September 2011 (UTC)
Space gun[edit]
Any sources for the statement guns have been used for suborbital flight? I find it hard to believe. Martijn Meijering (talk) 16:10, 23 September 2011 (UTC)
Never mind, found a reference. Martijn Meijering (talk) 16:39, 23 September 2011 (UTC)
The list of unmanned suborbital spaceflights currently includes a V-2 strike on London. I do not contest that this flight happened, but AFAIK it never crosssed the Karman line, and thus was not a spaceflight and doesn't belong here. The other V-2 flight listed is known to have crossed the Karman line and does belong, but it did not hit London; it was a test flight. If you have a proof that the London strike did also cross the Karman line, please add a citation. (talk) 23:32, 13 September 2012 (UTC)
Speed, range, altitude[edit]
In the section "Speed, range, altitude", it says, "Note that an intercontinental flight at an altitude of 300 km would require a larger delta-v than that of a LEO." Why is that? Even though I understand many things about physics, including the physics of spaceflight, I don't understand why said statement would be true. Or is it a mistake? If not, it sohuld be explained why.--Solomonfromfinland (talk) 23:30, 17 October 2012 (UTC)


text:
OBJECTIVE: It is an ongoing debate whether tympanoplasty should be performed in the pediatric age group. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the anatomical and functional outcomes of type I cartilage tympanoplasty in children and adults.
MATERIALS and METHODS: The file records of patients who underwent type 1 cartilage tympanoplasty were retrospectively reviewed. In total, 133 patients who underwent type 1 tympanoplasty for chronic otitis media were included. Tragal cartilage grafts were used in all patients. The patients were divided into two groups: pediatric (age≤16 years, n=54) and adult (age>18 years, n=79) groups. The graft success rates and hearing results between the two groups were compared.
RESULTS: The graft success rate was 90.2% (120/133) in the study group. At the end of the 24-month follow-up, the graft was intact in 48 of the 54 (88.9%) patients in the pediatric group and 72 of the 79 patients in the adult group (91.1%) (p=0.769). The functional success rate (postoperative air–bone gap<20 dB) obtained in the study group was 90.2% (120/133). The functional success rate was 88.9% (48/54) in the pediatric group and 91.1% (72/79) in the adult group (p=0.255).
CONCLUSION: The graft success rates and hearing results obtained with cartilage grafts are similar in children and adults. Therefore, cartilage grafts may be safely used in pediatric patients, similar to their use in adults.


text:
|Title||Balancing costs and effects based on a randomised comparison of Parent Management Training Oregon and Care As Usual in children with severe conduct disorders|
|Period||06 / 2008 - 12 / 2013|
|Data Supplier||ZonMw Projectenpoort|
|The aim of this project is first to evaluate the balance between costs and effects of Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) as compared to Care-As-Usual (CAU) in primary school children with serious behavioural problems, and second to develop a framework for economic evaluation in child and youth care. Several research questions arise from this aim.1 What are the effects of PMTO as compared to CAU at the level of the child (behaviour problems at home and at school, school performance, contact with police), the parents (parenting stress, psychological problems, parenting skills and parent satisfaction), and the family (videotaped parent-child interaction and contacts with child protection agency)?2 What are the overall costs incurred by and after PMTO as compared to CAU?3 How do different stakeholders, i.e. parents, family members, professionals and lay public value antisocial behaviour as compared to normal behaviour using direct rating scales, Time Trade Off (TTO) methods and possibly others?4 How do the outcomes of the above research questions 1 and 3 correlate with health related quality of life outcomes generally used in health economics, i.e. the Child Health Questionnaire and EQ5D?5 What is the incremental cost-effectiveness of MST as compared to CAU in children with antisocial behaviour, in terms of costs per outcome mentioned under 1 (behaviour problems avoided, delinquent act avoided, school drop out avoided, parental stress and problems decreased and skills and satisfaction increased, and abusive interactions avoided), and per QALY gained. In sum, what is the cost-effectiveness of PMTO compared to CAU?6 Can a common framework for economic evaluations in youth care be developed?
BACKGROUND The treatment of children with severe conduct disorders is a challenge for practitioners and academics. Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) is promising as such. In the USA, it has been shown to be effective in the treatment of children with serious forms of antisocial behavioural patterns. A study of De Ruiter and co-workers is expected to deliver substantial new evidence. It concerns a randomized controlled trial that compares PMTO to Care As Usual in the Dutch setting. This study as yet does not comprise a full economic evaluation. Knowledge on the cost-effectiveness of PMTO and other treatments for severe conduct disorders is lacking. In general, such economic evaluations of child and youth care can be expected to differ from those conducted in healthcare in several aspects, e.g. valuation of outcomes, accounting for participation in paid labour and societal costs of services use and delinquent behaviour. Thus the standard methodology for the assessment of costs and of outcomes and for the valuation of outcomes may need to be adapted to the specific setting.AIM The aim of this project is first to evaluate the balance between costs and effects of PMTO as compared to Care-As-Usual (CAU) in children with severe conduct disorders and behavioural problems, and second to outline a broad framework for economic evaluation in child and youth care.WORKING PLAN To reach these aims, we propose a study of costs and effects of PMTO framed within the already planned study of De Ruiter and co-workers on the effects of PMTO in the Netherlands. We will add to the fieldwork of that study:-an assessment of costs incurred for PMTO and CAU provided to the control group-an assessment of additional outcomes (effects) such as quality of life experienced (Child Health Questionnaire and EQ5D) not currently included in De Ruiter s study, but standard practice in the assessment of cost-effectiveness in health care (i.e. health economics)-an estimate of effects to be expected after the intervention period, based on a synthesis of the available evidence regarding long-term effects. Moreover, we propose to perform a more general evaluation among relevant stakeholder groups of the utility of several outcomes that are considered relevant in the realm of severe antisocial behaviour. Regarding costs, actual costs of the interventions as well as associated costs will be determined. This will comprise the (time) costs of the professionals, inclusive of training, overhead, communication with relevant stakeholders, and time and travel costs of other relevant stakeholders (family members, educational system etc.) directly involved in planning and coaching of the children with severe conduct disorders.Effects to be assessed will primarily concern the primary outcomes as defined by De Ruiter and co-workers, i.e. outcomes concerning the child (behaviour problems at home and at school, school performance, contact with police), concerning the parents (parenting stress, psychological problems, parenting skills and parent satisfaction), and concerning the family (videotaped parent-child interaction and contacts with child protection agency). These outcomes in theory enable the performance of cost-effectiveness analyses, in which incremental costs are balanced against events averted for a number of different outcomes. Regarding the impact of the condition and successive treatments, we will explore specific domains of (health related) quality of life. We intend to approach several groups of stakeholders, i.e. parents, professionals from the care sector and the judicial sector to develop scales, and measure and establish a valuation or utility score for typical antisocial behaviour. Collaboration with other groups granted financial support for evaluation of specific interventions in this field and freeing or obtaining additional resources for the latter might be a viable option. Direct rating scales, Time Trade Off (TTO) procedures (i.e. which proportion of a given lifetime is an individual willing to trade off if quality of life improves to a defined degree) and Willingness To Pay (WTP) procedure (idem, but now in monetary terms), will be used to valuate the outcomes of interest The project will be performed in close co-operation with other research groups working on the economic evaluation of child and youth care under the umbrella of the same ZonMw program. We foresee that the latter part can only be performed on the basis of such a co-operation.EXPECTED RESULTS The expertise of the research group covers a broad range, from child and youth care, and ortho-pedagogy, to preventive child health care, and mental health, epidemiology, medical technology assessment and economic evaluation. We expect this project to yield important new knowledge that can be applied in these fields. Also the results will contribute to the scientific knowledge needed for care and decision making in child and youth care.
|Project leader||Prof.dr. S.A. Reijneveld|
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I used the following code and I am able to link references, List of Symbols but unable to link the Table of Contents in my thesis. I wish a completely linked PDF of my thesis. Please help me....
% dvipdf,
% ps2pdf, % using ps2pdf vs pdftex
% colorlinks=true, % color the words instead of use a colored box
% urlcolor=blue, % \href{...}{...} external (URL)
% filecolor=blue, % \href{...} local file
% linkcolor=black, % \ref{...} and \pageref{...}
% citecolor=black, % \cite{}
pdfborder={0 0 0}, % for removing borders around links
% plainpages boolean true
% Forces page anchors to be named by the arabic form of the page number,
% rather than the formatted form.
% breaklinks boolean false
% Allows link text to break across lines; since this cannot be accommodated in
% PDF, it is only set true by default if the pdftex driver is used. This makes
% links on multiple lines into different PDF links to the same target.
% Adds?backlink? text to the end of each item in the bibliography, as a list
% of section numbers. This can only work properly if there is a blank line
% after each \bibitem.
% bookmarksnumbered boolean false
% If Acrobat bookmarks are requested, include section numbers.
% bookmarksopen boolean false
% If Acrobat bookmarks are requested, show them with all the subtrees expanded.
pdftitle={PhD Thesis},
pdfauthor={Jonathan M. McCune},
pdfsubject={Carnegie Mellon University},
pdfpagemode=UseOutlines % None, UseThumbs, UseOutlines, FullScreen
share|improve this question
Adding lintocpage to the options of hyperref will help? – Harish Kumar Aug 2 '12 at 4:21
2 Answers 2
Probably you mean that the table of contents is not in the bookmarks (outlines). It is debatable, whether the table of contents should have an entry for itself. But for the bookmarks it is IMHO ok, because they are just a navigational help. I use the opportunity to comment some option settings for hyperref. Additional bookmarks can be set using \pdfbookmark as shown in the example, see documentation of hyperref. To avoid links to wrong pages, it is important that \pdfbookmark is on the same page. Ensuring a page break before makes this easier.
 % Some remarks:
 % * drivers like 'pdftex' that can be detected automatically
 % are not necessary
 % * breaklinks is rather an internal option.
 % If a driver does not support it, then forcing the option
 % let the text break across lines, but also the link
 % areas are "broken". If the driver supports the option,
 % then the option is enabled anyway.
 % * Information entries should be set outside,
 % because LaTeX expands the package options,
 % hyperref does not like them, if they are
 % prematurely expanded.
 % * Hyperref has a new option for hiding links: hidelinks
 %...
% Adding package bookmark improves bookmarks handling.
% More features and faster updated bookmarks.
\newpage% or \cleardoublepage
% \pdfbookmark[]{}{}
enter image description here
share|improve this answer
I had this same problem. My fix is kind of messy but does the job for me. Hope it helps you
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Table of contents}
(note that I use \cleardoublepage to ensure that each new section begins on an odd-numbered page for printing purposes)
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


Animal Ingredients In 'Cruelty Free' Cosmetics
The term 'cruelty-free' in cosmetics has become synonymous with 'animal testing free', but even without animal testing, animals are harmed in the beauty industry.
100% vegan, animal testing free and eco-conscious. Image via Elate Beauty
Animal testing for the sake of beauty products is an incredibly cruel practice responsible for the suffering and death of approximately 500,000 animals every year globally.
However, even products marketed as 'cruelty free' and 'not tested on animals' still often contain cruelly sourced animal ingredients.
Labelling products as 'cruelty-free' when they are free from animal-testing, but not animal exploitation or slaughter, is misleading and wrong.
There is no need to exploit animals for beauty products in this manner, as there are plenty of 100% vegan, animal-testing free beauty companies to support. Additionally, many animal-testing free companies have a list of their available vegan products.
Here are just some of the cruel animal ingredients that vegan cosmetics avoid…
Ingredient name: Tallow
Image from a butcher selling 'grass-fed beef tallow'. This is what the fat looks like before it is processed and put into cosmetics.
Found in: foundations, shampoos, moisturisers, lipsticks and more.
What it is: Tallow is hardened animal fat. Tallow is made from the boiled carcasses of slaughtered sheep and cows, which the fatty product is then derived from.
Ingredient name: Squalene or Squalane
The yellow toned organ exposed is the liver.
Found in: sunscreen and skin-care products for hydration and healing
What it is: Squalene (0r squalane, the same ingredient in a slightly different form) can be made from plants and grains, but sometimes it is made from shark liver oil. It is taken from many different shark breeds who are killed such as the deep sea shark, as well as the school, gulper and basking sharks, who are all listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. These animals are all vulnerable or threatened due to over fishing.
Ingredient name: Lanolin
A sheep who has just been mulesed and tail-docked. Photo: Animal Liberation Victoria / Patty Mark
Found in: lip, eye, facial and hair products, amongst others.
What it is: Lanolin is essentially wool grease and is collected and farmed by the wool industry. The wool industry is a slaughter industry. Sheep are killed about half way into their natural life span when their wool degrades in quality because they are considered more profitable sold as mutton meat. Sheep are legally mulesed, castrated and tail docked without pain relief in Australia and shearing is often a painful practice.
Ingredient name: Beeswax
Bees are clever and work as a team.
Found in: lipstick, lip gloss, hair pomades, eyeliner and more
What it is: The wax secreted by bees. Bees are often denied their own honey, fed a cheap sugar-water alternative which lacks the nutrients they need. It's common for queen bees to have their wings plucked off so that she cannot leave, as other bees would follow her and make a new colony elsewhere away from a keeper's farm.
Ingredient name: Hyaluronic Acid
In a broiler farm. Image by ALV
Found in: hyaluronic acid serums and creams
What it is: Hyaluronic acid can be derived from fermented grass yeast, or from the combs off of a slaughtered rooster's head.
Ingredient name: Caprae Lac or Goat's Milk
Baby Mercury was rescued from the dairy industry.
Found in: soaps, moisturisers and other skincare products
What it is: The milk mother goats produce for their newborn babies. In order for it to be used by humans, baby goats are taken from their mothers and if they are male, they are slaughtered.
Ingredient name: Guanine
Fish are beautiful and sentient beings who feel fear and pain.
Found in: lots of sparkly cosmetics such as eye shadows, lip glosses, highlighters, bronzers and more
What it is: Guanine is from fish scales scraped off the skin of slaughtered fish.
Ingredient name: Keratin
Many horses and other aged animals are killed at knackeries, where their hooves and other body parts are harvested.
Found in: many common hair products
What it is: A protein made from ground up horns, hooves, feathers and hair of various exploited and slaughtered animals.
Ingredient name: Carmine
A Cochineal bug.
Found in: Lipstick, nail polish, blush, lots of products with a red colour to them
What it is: Cochineal bugs are crushed and killed for this colouring ingredient. Up to 70,000 dried bugs are killed to produce just a pound of carmine (also referred to as carminic acid).
Ingredient name: Casein
Want to know more about dairy? See
Found in: hair conditioning products and facial treatments
What it is: Casein is a protein found in cows' milk. The dairy industry kills male baby calves because they do not produce milk. They also kill their milk producing mothers when they are no longer profiting farmers. Learn more about dairy via Cow Truth.
Ingredient name: Shellac
A female lac bug.
Found in: Hair-spray, mascara, eyeliner, nail polish
What it is: Shellac is the secretion of the female lac bug. It is harvested by scraping the 'resin' off the branches these bugs live on and many bugs are scraped and killed during this careless process.
Ingredient name: Glycerine
From ALV's Pig Truth campaign
Found in: Soaps, hair-care, many makeup products and moisturisers
What it is: Just like tallow, glycerine can be made from animal fats from pigs, sheep, cows and other animals. There is also vegetable-based glycerine, so you will need to check with the distributor if it isn't labelled as vegetable-based.
Axiology's vegan, animal-testing free and palm oil free lipstick, in a recycled metal tube
The use of these 'ingredients' makes much of the beauty industry a very dark and cruel place. But it doesn't have to be this way!
When you choose vegan makeup, hair care and skin care, you help the world become a kinder place!


Nutritious & Yummy: Beetroot pasta
So often when kids hear the word "beetroot", they run the other way. The purple root tuber vegetable is high in nutrients and fiber, which makes it an important part of a healthy diet plan. But one often hears the complaint, "But it's so bland!" or "It doesn't have any taste!" from children and adults alike! So what can one do about it to include it in our list of healthy food recipes to provide a balanced diet for our families while at the same time not compromising on taste?
Whether you're a parent planning your kid's tiffin box or a teenager wanting to surprise your parents with a beautiful dish, Beetroot Pasta is an easy vegetarian recipe< to try out. The natural fuschia-purple shade of the pasta sets it apart from all other pasta dishes and its creamy earthy texture will enchant their taste buds! As beetroots are hard to bite into in their natural form, it is necessary to boil them before use. Beetroot leaves, which grow on the surface of the earth, are also edible and nutritious and can be boiled along with the root. The eye-catching colour of the pasta, the rich and fragrant taste of the spices along with its healthy ingredients make for a spectacular beetroot recipe that you must cook and try for yourself.
There are various nutritional benefits of eating beetroot:
1. It is a low-calorie food that is rich in nutrients
2. It can lower blood pressure & maintain it
3. It is rich in fiber thereby helping indigestion
4. It helps in increasing stamina
Now let us take a look at how to prepare one of the most delicious and easy pasta recipes using beetroot!
300 grams Fusilli pasta
2 tablespoons Ginger Garlic paste
2 peeled beetroots, thinly sliced
1 diced onion
2 finely chopped tomatoes
1 sprig basil leaves 1/2 cup fresh cream
1 teaspoon Red chili powder
1 Tablespoon Chilli Vinegar Salt, to taste
Black pepper powder, to taste
For Making Fusilli Pasta:
 1. First, get all the ingredients prepped and ready for cooking.
 boiled, add a teaspoon of salt.
 3. Add the fusilli pasta to the boiling water and let it cook for 10-15
 minutes until it is al dente (cooked but still firm).
 4. Turn off the gas, drain the water from pasta and run it under cool water
 to stop the cooking process. Drizzle some oil on top of the pasta.
For Making Creamy Beetroot Sauce:
 1. In a frying pan, add some oil and when it starts to sizzle add the beets along
 with the onions and tomatoes. If using an oven, preheat to 180 degrees
 and grease a baking sheet with oil.
 2. Fry until the vegetables are cooked through. Check by poking them with
 a fork. Once done, remove from the oven and allow it to cool.
 3. Add the vegetables to the mixer grinder, along with the cream, a
 a teaspoon of oil, and about 1/2 cup of warm water and blend to make a
 smooth puree.
 4. If you are using any other vegetables in the sauce, cook them in a pan on low heat. Allow them to cool and blend the vegetables with the sauce.
 5. The roasted beetroot sauce for the pasta is now ready.
In the final phase:
 1. To prepare the fusilli pasta in roasted beetroot heat oil in a heavy-bottomed pan.
 2. Add a teaspoon of oil, add the roasted beetroot pasta sauce, ginger garlic paste, salt, crushed black pepper, chili vinegar, red chili powder, and the cooked pasta and toss on high heat for 5-7 minutes until the pasta is completely coated with the sauce.
 3. Garnish it by tearing basil leaves and adding them to the dish. Taste the salt and seasonings and adjust to suit your taste.
 4. Serve the dish as a dinner recipe.
शुरुआती cooks के लिए 9 सरल व्यंजन
लॉकडाउन और कोविड महामारी की वजह से बहुत से रेस्टोरेंट...
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text:
by Akbar Asghari Zamani and Saeed Maleki
Rapid land use change has taken place in many mid-sized cities of Iran such as Zanjan over the past three decades. This research analyzed the land use/cover change Zanjan from 1965 to 2005; identified the patterns of urban growth and the fragmentation of the urban space by applying GIS and remote sensing tools. The main driving forces of the urban changes were analyzed and the model to predict the land use/cover changes was applied. Our results show the importance of monitoring and modeling of rapid urban growth for attaining sustainable mid-sized cities in developing countries that are strongly dependent on export of natural resources. The results indicated that there had been a notable and uneven urban growth and a major loss of cropland loss between 1965 and 2005. Most of the urban growth and loss of agriculture land occurred in inner and outer suburbs. This research analyzed the land use/cover change Zanjan from 1965 to 2005, identified the patterns of urban growth and the fragmentation of the urban space, applying GIS and remote sensing tools. We believe that in urban growth modeling process there has been multi socialeconomical and physical elements in which have key rules in it, and we attempted to use some of them.
more about urban planning in Iran:


text:
Fort Interior West Palisade Area
The excavation inside the west log wall (palisade) continues to reveal more sections of the cobblestone foundation of a long building, estimated to be over 130 feet long with three double-sided H-shaped fireplaces that divide it into at least six rooms, similar perhaps to a London row house or maybe the Governor's house.
Archaeologists now have portions of the foundation for both long sides of the building and one end, which was recently discovered near the river side of the building. A walking path for visitors has been rerouted so that they can continue looking for the other end of the building under the existing path. They are extending the dig in that direction and hope to define the outline of the building before the end of this dig season.
Based on the findings so far, the building was 18 feet wide, a width that fits traditional Fort Period building dimensions, and places the building 10 feet away from and parallel to the west wall, the same as other earlier buildings inside the fort.
The architecture in this area also appears to be very different from the earth fast mud and stud buildings found at the other end of the fort. Artifacts from the building site include a relatively high concentration of status items compared to other areas of the fort site such as broken Chinese porcelain, delftware wall tiles from the Netherlands, ceramics and glassware in the facon de Venise. This may indicate that people of relatively high status lived here, and it may also indicate a social class separation in the overall design of the fort.
Personal objects such as a small silver wax seal with a scallop shell design, a crucifix made of jet, the cap of the handle of a small silver knife engraved with the initials FP and the date 1622, and other items such as buttons, aglets, oyster shells and food remains have been found in the plow zone in this area.
Other Images From the Fort Interior West Palisade Area:
A brick-lined wine cellar with ten intact wine bottles, one of the oldest wine cellars ever discovered in America, and portions of the foundations of a building constructed near the latter part of the 17th century have also been uncovered this summer inside the west wall area of the fort site. (See Featured Finds for more information about the wine cellar.)
The newer building cuts diagonally across the earlier fort-period building at right angles and was built after the fort was no longer in use. The dimensions of this building are not yet known, but archaeologists have found diamond-shaped window glass and a small section of window lead, which bears the date 1693, associated with the building that may indicate that this was the home of a wealthy family who lived at Jamestown near the end of the 17th century.
William Kelso, APVA director of archaeology said, "It's like a bookend. We've been uncovering the very beginning of Jamestown, and in the process we have also found the end." After the capital moved to Williamsburg in 1699, Jamestown was gradually abandoned, fell into ruin and eventually became an agricultural area.
Other Images From the Wine Cellar:
West Corner Cannon Mount (Bulwark) Trench
As they continue to dig the west corner cannon mount (bulwark) trench, archaeologists may have discovered underneath it part of a saw pit used by the first settlers beside the river. A thick layer of dark soil, about three inches, possibly created by the decay of layers of saw dust over the years, may mark the bottom of the pit. The trench cuts through the saw pit, so the pit was there before the trench was built. According to Kelso, this makes sense because one of the first things the settlers did was saw clapboard to ship back to England, where lumber was scarce.
"Now falleth every man to work: The council contrive the fort, the rest cut down trees to make a place to pitch their tents, some provide clapboard to relade the ships, some make gardens, some nets, etc." --John Smith
They're also carefully excavating the post molds left by the decayed palisade. This makes it possible to determine the shape of the logs that were used to create the fort's corner wall. Visitors can also watch as buckets of dirt scraped away from the trench fill are rinsed with water through a fine mesh screen to unveil even the smallest artifacts.
Throughout the summer, archaeologists at this site have been discovering small bits and pieces of objects lost or discarded by the early settlers, probably sometime between 1607 and 1612, including bits of apothecary jars, Indian pottery, other ceramics, beads, pieces of arms and armor, pipe stems, copper scrap, sturgeon scales (scutes) and bones from food remains. Larger items such as bullet molds, parts from matchlock guns and pieces of armor, and a Lowland Scots basket hilt and pommel have also been found.
Uncovering the Center of the Fort
"In the middest is a marketplace, a storehouse, and a corps du guard, as likewise a pretty chapel..." --William Strachey
Archaeologists are continuing to pursue a path of excavation toward the center of the fort site, hoping to find remains of the first church and other public buildings. An assortment of postholes of varying sizes have been uncovered and appear to be related to structures of some type, however, more ground will need to be uncovered before they can connect the dots and make sense out of what's been found so far.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Do Trout Have Teeth?
Most species of trout do have teeth, although depending on the species the teeth may be located in different places. For example, rainbow trout have a mouth that doesn't go past the back of their eyes and teeth that are located along the roof of their mouth whereas other species of trout have teeth that are located along the base of their tongue (known as hyoid teeth).
When some trout are feeding they often engulf their prey. Sometimes they may follow their moving prey very slowly or their prey may be carried by the current in front of a trout which has happened to open its mouth. When this happens the trout's gills flare up and the prey is sucked into the fish's mouth. Here, the prey is then trapped by the tongue against the roof of the mouth as a means to "test" the food and it is then either swallowed or expelled. This process is done very quickly.
To engulf some prey would pose a deadly threat to these fish. For instance, the Freshwater crayfish is equipped with spikes and a spine that would catch in the throat of a trout and result in choking the fish. It is for this reason that the crayfish must be grasped and turned tail first toward the throat and then swallowed. This grasping feeding system is done by the trout using its small, sharp grasping teeth.
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text:
Seed dispersal is essential for the re-colonization of disturbed landscapes and the regeneration of tropical forests. Molecular tools can provide useful insights into colonization processes within fragmented tropical forests. Previous studies have examined seed dispersal processes for only large overstory tropical trees, and specifically those located in forest fragments and in adjacent pasture. Surprisingly, these studies have found that seed dispersal can be extensive and that isolated trees in non-forested habitats often contribute heavily to the paternity of seedlings within the forest. However, colonization and seed dispersal patterns may be completely different in habitats with greater levels of existing vegetation, especially for understory tree species, whose seeds are often dispersed by small birds and bats. Using microsatellite markers, we examined the spatial genetic structure and historical colonization processes of the understory tropical tree Miconia affinis (Melastomataceae) within a forest fragment and two adjacent coffee plantations which differ in vegetation structure (overstory tree density and diversity). We predicted that M. afffinis would exhibit greater clustering of related individuals in the newly colonized coffee farms due to limited seed dispersal during initial colonization events. We also predicted that habitat vegetation structure within the farms would influence historical patterns of colonization.
We found that across the entire landscape, genetic relatedness is significantly higher than normal at inter-individual distances of less than 100m (rij =0.059), indicative of strong limitations in gene flow across the landscape. Within the intact forest fragment, individuals of M. affinis exhibit normal levels of relatedness across all geographic distances (rij =0.033), likely the result of extensive historical seed dispersal and overlapping seed shadows of ancestral trees. Within the colonized coffee farms, individuals were significantly more related to their neighbors (within 200m) than to the average individual in each habitat, indicating that the seeds of colonizing trees are being dispersed within the farms, but that these dispersal distances were limited. Patterns of relatedness across distance, however, were distinct for each coffee farm, suggesting that seed dispersal processes are markedly different in agroecosystems with differing vegetation management styles. These results support previous observational findings that the movement of frugivore seed dispersers depends heavily on the vegetative structure within a habitat.


Customer Service Specialist (Apprenticeship Level 3)
The main purpose of a customer service specialist is to be a 'professional' for direct customer support within all sectors and organisation types. You are an advocate of Customer Service who acts as a referral point for dealing with more complex or technical customer requests, complaints, and queries. You are often an escalation point for complicated or ongoing customer problems. As an expert in your organisation's products and/or services, you share knowledge with your wider team and colleagues. You gather and analyse data and customer information that influences change and improvements in service. Utilising both organisational and generic IT systems to carry out your role with an awareness of other digital technologies. This could be in many types of environment including contact centres, retail, webchat, service industry or any customer service point.
Entry Requirements
You should hold GCSE maths and English grades A-C to start this apprenticeship or willing to take Functional Skills level 2 exams.
Functional Skills
Apprentices will be required to have or achieve level 2 English and maths prior to completion of their Apprenticeship. If this has already been achieved then development of further English and maths skills will continue for the whole of the apprenticeship.
A minimum of 15 months, typically 18 months.
Delivery Model
1-1 coaching and support in the workplace, face to face and phone / skype on a monthly basis.
Upon completion of this Apprenticeship, learners may be eligible to progress to the Team Leading Level 3 if they are in a management role.
This apprenticeship is in funding band 6. Levy paying employers may fund apprentices on this programme from their Apprenticeship Account and non-levy paying SMEs through the co-funded option. There may be a small fee for some SME's (this is usually 10% of the cost of the Apprenticeship e.g. £400).
End Assessment
To achieve this apprenticeship standard, the employer, training provider and apprentice will agree when the apprentice is ready and competent to undertake the independent end point assessment, which will test their skills knowledge and behaviours required for this role.
Apprenticeship Content / qualifications and assessmentsThere are no formal mandatory qualifications as part of this Standard.
The Apprenticeships we offer
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text:
If I may shed some light on the question of how long a treaty is valid. Might be important for yhis question but also for others.
According to treaty law, a treaty (or convention) stays valid as long as there is nothing else replacing it or annuling it.
Modern treaties are signed for a short duration and cease to be valid at a certain date, given by the treaty. If not specified, there are three possibilities for a party to a treaty to stop its application:
- a party to the treaty can denunciate it (regulations for this are often given by the treaty)
- If the treay is violated by one of the parties, it can be suspended by another party (like a breach of contract)
- Fundamental change of circumstances, meaning the appearance of circumstances that did not exist when signing the contract (VERY rare)
Other things that can happen to a treaty is that an international armed conflict emerges. During the conflict, treaties can de suspended, but not necessarily suppressed. Last but not least, the treaty may become invalid by the emergence of rule of ius cogens
(an imperative rule of law) on the matter.
Concerning the point that Prussia signed and not Germany, I have to point out to the principles of State succession: When the german empire was created in 1871, it's executive power remained withe the king of Prussia as Kaiser, which could mean (that's an international public law theory) that the German empire is the successor of Prussia and thus takes over all of Prussia's obligations with regard to international law. In which case, Germany was bound by the 1839 treaty when invading Belgium (even if Bismarck called it "un chiffon")
Concerning the 1839 treaty itself, there are in fact 2: the first one, comprising 24 articles, defining the borders of Belgium and stating, in article 7, its neutrality. This treaty has been ratified by Belgium and the Netherlands. At the same time, another treaty, containing only 4 articles, was ratified by France, Austria, Russia, Prussia and Great Britain. it reads: [ces articles] sont considérés comme ayant la même force et valeur que s'ils étaient insérés textuellement dans le présent acte ; et qu'ils se trouvent ainsi placés sous la garantie de leurs dites Majestés.
Meaning that the first treaty has on these staes the same valour as for Belgium and the Netherlands.
So to sum up: the 1839 treaty was still valid in 1914, following the basic principle of treaty law: Pacta sunt servanda.
Germany, as a successor to Prussia, violated this treaty by invading Belgium. Simple fact of international law.
Hope I did not bore you... occasion was just too beautiful to get back to my books...
AUST, A. Modern treaty Law and practice, Cambridge university press, 2002
THOMAS, BRULS & MINGOU: Droit International Public, P


The Radio PSA: 4 Things You Need to Know to Use the Medium
While most communicators are familiar with broadcast and print public service announcements, radio is a different animal, says Bill Goodwill, CEO of Goodwill Communications. Here are four tips on how to leverage the airwaves for the most effective PSAs:
 1. Ensure Good Production Values: Since radio is not a visual medium, your radio production must create a "theater of the mind" via words and sound effects.
 2. Offer a Variety of Formats and Lengths: Produce PSAs in several different formats, including one for middle-of-the-road (MOR), which can be used by any station. Also, offer various spot lengths—30 and 60 seconds—and send them in MP3 format on a CD.
 3. Seek Endorsements: Get endorsements from organizations such as the National Association of Broadcasters and get your PSAs posted on their Spot Center.
 4. Involve State Broadcast Associations: Every state has a state broadcast association and you should send them your PSAs so they will forward them to their member stations. Click here for a list.
PR News subscribers can read about how Wreaths Across America incorporated radio PSAs into their PR efforts in the case study: "Extensive Media Relations Effort Makes Wreath Campaign at Arlington National Cemetery a Success."


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Proposed in the late 19th century by the Marginalist group of economists, who used differential calculus to study the impact of small changes in economic quantities, marginal utility refers to the additional satisfaction a consumer derives from the consumption of one extra unit of a product.
Thus, an individual's demand for a product is determined not by the total utility of it but by its marginal utility. Therefore, the greater the supply of a product, the smaller its marginal utility.
The Marginalists rejected the labor theory of value which had previously been central to classical economics.
R D Black, A W Coats and C D W Goodwin, The Marginal Revolution in Economics (Durham, NC, 1973)


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Workshop: Translation of Academic Texts
Lecturer: Eduard Levin
The workshop is given in 4 sessions, for a total of 16 academic hours. The workshop consists of a combination of frontal lectures and class discussions, with one session devoted to computer drills.
What is academic writing? A general discussion of issues of academic style precedes the main topic of the session, and of the workshop as a whole: the scholarly apparatus – footnote references and bibliography – is what defines writing as "academic."
* style sheets (Chicago Manual of Style, JBL Handbook of Style, APA, etc.; specific style sheets)
* the transition from Hebrew references/bibliography to English
* problematic references/bibliography in the Hebrew
Tips and tools for academic documentation: hands-on computer workshop:
* online library catalogues
* focused Google searches
* additional tools
* limits to internet usage
Selected topics, including:
* professional jargon
* ask the author
* scholarly hesitation: nidmeh li, nire she-
* content issues
– should the translator intervene in content?
– neutral content in source language, more sensitive in target
* gender-specific language
* politically correct language
Analysis and discussion of course assignment and student submissions
Preparation of English references, according to the Chicago Manual of Style, from selected Hebrew references


Development of the Concept of Car key Fobs
The concept of car key fobs appears to be pretty straightforward. But as you start to delve deeper, you will notice that there is much technological complications and procedures that ultimately result in the proper functioning of the car key fob. If you are not aware of the technology behind the making of the key fobs, you won't be able to realize how important it is to keep the keys intact. Again, if you want to understand the mechanism of working of these key fobs, you have to know the mode of operation of the objects. You will be surprised to hear that the technology working behind the functional key fob has its original design for opening the garage doors.
The basic device
Long back in the 1960s, the key fobs were in use for opening and closing the garage doors. The working principle was simple. There was a tiny radio transmitter that would send the signal to a small receiver in the garage space. The entire concept depended on a single transmission. The popularity of the key fobs kept on increasing. But the problem was, all the receivers would respond to the same signal. So the chief problem was, you could open the door of the garage of your neighbor too as the automatic response of the receiver.
Broadcasting individual signals
Now the problem became significant as there was no privacy or security. One lost key can imply that all the cars in the neighborhood's garages will be at risk. When it comes to using the same mechanism on the cars, the single signal transmissions could not be the best way out. So the various manufacturers, including began experimenting in trying to broadcast a single signal which will be unique for a lock. The manufacturers began to come up with innovative technology for broadcasting different signals for different vehicles.
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text:
11.9 PreventionPrevention work refers to interventions designed to prevent violence against women from occurring and/or early interventions to prevent further harm being caused. They can be divided into 3 sub-categories:
- Primary prevention methods, for example education to change attitudes and perceptions
- Secondary prevention, identifying particularly those at risk; for example pregnant women
- Tertiary prevention, reducing the harm already caused together with rehabilitative programmes for perpetrators.


February 23, 2012 Newsletter for HWU
This is an incredible energy technique that you can use by itself as well as including it in your daily 5-minute routine. I've used it many times around 3 pmwhen my energy runs out and my brain fogs up. It works!
The Daily Energy Routine (continued) – the Wayne Cook Posture
When you are stressed or exhausted your meridians begin to run backward so you will be compelled to rest. Tapping or massaging your K-27 points can often restore the natural direction of the meridian flow. But in more extreme cases, not only do the meridians run backward, but their energies may become quite chaotic. The Wayne Cook Posture reorders these chaotic, scrambled energies.
This procedure is named to honor Wayne Cook, a pioneering researcher of bioenergetics force fields, who invented the approach which has been modified by Donna Eden into the form presented here.
It is very powerful as it will calm you, bring order to your thinking and help you better understand confront the problems that you face. I have used it to help me when my brain feels "scrambled" after working intensely on the computer for several hours, or focusing keenly on a problem whose solution eludes me!
The Wayne Cook Posture will:
 - Untangle inner chaos
 - See with better perspective
 - Focus your mind more effectively
 - Think more clearly
 - Learn more proficiently
Even more exciting is that this technique is effective even when you are so upset that you cannot quit crying, you find yourself snapping or yelling at others, you are sinking into despair or feeling that you are beyond exhaustion. This posture helps process stress hormones. And the effect is almost immediate, you will begin to feel less crazy and less overwhelmed.
To do the Wayne Cook Posture, sit in a chair with your spine straight (time—about 90 seconds):
 1. Place your left foot over your right knee. Wrap your right hand around the front of your left ankle and your left hand over the ball of your left foot, with your fingers curled around the sides of the foot.
 2. Breath in slowly through your nose, letting the breath life your body as you breathe in. At the same time, pull your leg toward you, creating a stretch. As you exhale, breathe out of your mouth slowly, letting your body relax. Repeat this slow breathing and stretching four or five times.
 3. Switch to the other foot and reverse the hand positions (left hand around front of right ankle, right hand over ball of right food). Again breath slowly and stretching four or five times.
 4. Uncross your legs and "steeple" your fingertips together so they form a pyramid in front of your chest. Then bring your thumbs to rest on your "third eye," just above the bridge of your nose. Breath slowly and deeply about three or four full breaths.
For a demonstration please watch the following YouTube video:
[youtube_sc url="_URL_ title="Donna%20Eden%20demonstrates%20the%20Wayne%20Cook%20posture" border="1" color="white" theme="light" modestbranding="1" autohide="1"]


face value
(redirected from Face amount)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal, Acronyms.
Face value
Face Value
face value
See par value.
Face value.
Face value, or par value, is the dollar value of a bond or note, generally $1,000.
However, bonds may trade at a discount, which is less than face value, or at a premium, which is more than face value, in the secondary market. That's the bond's market value, and it changes regularly, based on supply and demand.
The death benefit of a life insurance policy which is the amount the beneficiary receives when the insured person dies. It's also known as the policy's face value.
face value
see PAR VALUE 1.
face value
The value of an instrument (promissory note, bond, stock, etc.) as stated on the face of the instrument.The face value does not always equal the market value.
Example: A 5-year-old mortgage note with a face value of $100,000 and an amortization term of 20 years at 2.8 percent interest is worth far less than $100,000 for two reasons: (1) The principal balance is now a little under $80,000. (2) Why would anyone invest even $80,000 to earn 2.8 percent interest when he or she can get better returns in the marketplace? For both reasons, an investor would pay much less than the $100,000 face value to buy the mortgage.
References in periodicals archive?
* The "face amount" of the card is treated as the amount paid for the communications service and, thus, the amount subject to the 3% tax (Sec.
Interestingly, mortality decreases by increasing face amount in the ultimate durations (as it did in the select period) suggesting some impact of underwriting may persist beyond the 25-year select period.
For a hypothetical $100,000 UL product where premiums fund positive cash value at age 100 and where a chronic illness acceleration rider pays l/24th of the face amount each month over a 24-month period; and policy death benefit equals face amount in all durations, more than 25% of the total benefits paid will shift from mortality benefits to acceleration benefits by the addition of the rider.
Product Name: Minimum face amount $50,000; does not vary
The liability would be increased by the interest expense and reduced by interest paid to accrue the liability from the discounted value at issuance to its face amount at maturity.
Shortly after the sale, the sellers assigned their rights to receive the future payments to a bank (in which one of the sellers was an officer and director) for their face amount, less a $750 discount.
As of end-2017, treasury bonds still accounted for the bulk of outstanding debt paper with a face amount of P4.126 trillion, up from P3.871 trillion in November.
Time Warner Inc (NYSE:TWX) said on Wednesday that it priced an underwritten public offering of USD600m of 3.875% senior notes due 2026 at a price equal to 99.951% of their face amount and USD300m of 4.85% debentures due 2045, at 96.812% of their face amount (additional debentures).
Selling the policy in the traditional life settlement market is a long shot, as this market generally seeks larger face amount policies, usually at least $500,000.
The policyowner who elects to convert the maximum amount of coverage using the enhanced and basic conversion options can end up with a permanent life insurance face amount of 250% the term face amount.
The size of a life insurance company often is measured by the face amount of its portfolio, that is, the amount of life insurance it has issued that is in force.


Over 25 years of experience
The course in eyebrow design aims to improve the makeup artist or an esthetician who wants to refine his technique. You will learn that the job of an eyebrow designer is to analyze and take the measurements of the faces, correct if necessary and level the eyebrows, cut, draw and sculpt the shape that best suits the morphology of the face.. This course is given by Caroline Theoret. You have the option of taking private lessons with your teacher for the sum of $ 1025 plus tax. This option is advantageous for students with an atypical schedule, a desire to do several lessons per week or even in order to benefit from the teacher's supervision 100%. Otherwise, you can also take the course in a small group of 4 people at a cost of $ 875 plus tax.
Course Description
Lesson Plan
# 1. Presentation of the work accessories of the designer in eyebrows.
# 2. Study of the morphology of the face and the eyebrows. Demonstration of an eyebrow design. Theory and practice. Study of the different stages of an eyebrow design; eye analysis, analysis of the direction of eyebrow hair growth, analysis of the cut, analysis of the appropriate shape and execution of the eyebrow design. Theory and practice.
# 3. Perform the different stages of an eyebrow design on a model who has never had his eyebrows sculpted. Theory and practice.
# 4. Perform the different steps of an eyebrow design on a model with little or very little eyebrows. Theory and practice.
# 5. Practical eyebrow design exam to check if you have all the knowledge necessary to offer the eyebrow design service. A diploma will be issued upon successful completion of the exam.


text:
| < July >
|Normal Max/ High Temperature
|Min/ Low Temperature
|Number of Wet Days (probability of rain on a day)
|Average Sunlight per day
|Average Daylight per day
|Sunny (Cloudy) Daylight Hours
|Sun altitude at solar noon on the 21st day.
- The average temperature in Felixstowe, England in July is very mild at 17.5 °C (63.5 °F).
- Afternoons can be warm with average high temperatures reaching 21 °C (69.8 °F).
- Overnight temperatures are generally mild with an average low of 14 °C (57.2 °F).
- The average daily temperature variation/ range in July is 7 °C (12.6 °F).
- The weather in July is a little parched with rain occasionally. A mere 47mm (1.9in) of liquid is deposited across an average of 12 days.
- The heavens above Felixstowe, England are fine with on balance a detectable 6:36 of magnificent sunshine per day.
- The shortest day is 15:33 long and the longest day is 16:38 long with an average length of 16:11.
- There are approximately 9:20 per day when bright sunshine is absent due to cloud, haze or the sun being too low on the horizon to register.
- It is sunny approximately 41.4% of daylight hours and cloudy 58.6% of daylight hours.
Check the distance to and compare the Felixstowe, England July averages with somewhere beginning with:
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | All
Weather Trend Graph for July in Felixstowe, England, Uk
Navigate to July Weather in Locations Surrounding Felixstowe, England:
- Hull, England, Uk - 227.2 kms (141.2 miles) NNW
- Waddington, Uk - 185.2 kms (115.1 miles) NW
- Birmingham, England, Uk - 215.5 kms (133.9 miles) WNW
- Lyneham, Uk - 234.4 kms (145.6 miles) W
- London, England, Uk - 125.8 kms (78.1 miles) WSW
- London-Gatwick, Uk - 134.8 kms (83.8 miles) SW
- Brighton, England, Uk - 162 kms (100.7 miles) SW
- Bournemouth-Hurn, Uk - 255.6 kms (158.8 miles) WSW


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SPFileCollection class
Represents a collection of SPFile objects.
Namespace: Microsoft.SharePoint
Assembly: Microsoft.SharePoint (in Microsoft.SharePoint.dll)
 _
 _
PublicClassSPFileCollection _
Use the Files property of either the SPWeb or SPFolder class to return the collection of files for the site or folder. To create a new file, use one of the Add methods of SPFileCollection.
Use an indexer to return a single file from the collection. For example, assuming the collection is assigned to a variable named collFiles, use collFiles[index] in C#, or collFiles(index) in Visual Basic, where index is either the index number of the file in the collection or the display name of the file.
The following code example checks every file in the top-level folder of a specified document library for the last time that it was modified and, if the time is less than a certain value, copies the file to another document library.
Dim SiteCollection As New SPSite("http://MySiteCollection")
 Dim srcFolder As SPFolder = siteCollection.AllWebs("SourceWebSite").GetFolder("SourceDocLib")
 Dim destFiles As SPFileCollection = siteCollection.AllWebs("DestWebSite").GetFolder("DestDocLib").Files
 Dim srcFile As SPFile
 For Each srcFile In srcFolder.Files
 If srcFile.TimeLastModified < Convert.ToDateTime("12/5/2002 12:00:00 AM") Then
 Dim destURL As String = destFiles.Folder.Url + "/" + srcFile.Name
 Dim binFile As Byte() = srcFile.OpenBinary()
 destFiles.Add(destURL, binFile, True)
 End If
 Next srcFile
End Try
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text:
Roadside infrastructure for safer European roads: Road scene analyses of ten accident sites [Wegontwerp voor een veiliger Europa: wegbeeldanalyses van 10 ongevalslocaties]
TNO Technische Menskunde
de Ridder, S.N.
Purpose: The road scene analyses presented here were conducted within Work-Package 1 of the EU-RISER project. Within this workpackage, Task 1.2 consisted of constructing a detailed-reconstruction-database. For that purpose TNO Automotive collected 10 new accidents and TNO Human Factors added a road-scene analysis to each accident to provide more in depth information specifically in relation to the interaction of the driver with the road design and roadside furniture. This database serves as a starting point to include Human Factors principles within the roam of roadside infrastructure design by means of developing guidelines and analysis procedures necessary to select, implement, and operate a safe, efficient and affordable roadside infrastructure in the EU. This report describes the road scene analyses performed by TNO Human Factors of the ten accidents. Method: Two experts visited all ten locations during daytime circumstances. If the accident had taken place during the dark hours of the day the site was also visited at night. For each of the ten accident sites, a video was made of the approach to the accident site to have a clear impression of the road the victim travelled prior to the accident. After an approach-video was made, the road scene analysts returned to the sight to take pictures. Both road scene analysts then filled in a road-scene analysis checklist, independent of each other. The checklist can be found in Appendix A. After filling in the checklist the site was visited once more. The same procedure was followed during dayand nighttime observations. After the on-site analysis as described above, both experts finalised their observations using the video and picture material off-site and discussed each-others conclusion to come to a clear final analysis of each case. Results: Each analysis of each accident site is reported as follows: 1 Short description and background of the accident 2 Description of the road scene 3 Road-scene analysis results. Conclusions: For five of the ten locations, the road-scene analysis did not reveal a specific reason based on the road layout why the crash with a tree or road side furniture had occurred. Two locations showed a mismatch of the road design and the road category and the speed limit posted. In both cases the road design invites the road user to drive faster than the local maximum speed limit. This is specifically the case for frequent users who know the road very well. For a third location the road design introduced a specific risk factor: machismo. The road has a multitude of curves that could be appealing to the frequent user with a racing mind. The road layout is congruent with the road category in this case but invites nevertheless to race. Two accidents occurred in a work zone. In this work zone the general principle that yellow markings go before white markings for the general public is reversed for work traffic. Work traffic is directed toward a work-traffic exit by yellow markings that are NOT to be used by the general public. In both cases it seemed that the double meaning of the yellow markings depending on the context was very confusing. For two situations the conclusion is that the road scene itself does not provide an explanation for why the driver left the road. In those cases worth mentioning is the shielding of the obstacles the driver encountered while running off the road. One is a situation with a bus lane that is being separated by a poorly visible barrier. This barrier can easily be passed on the wrong side by the road user. This means that the driver can enter the bus lane by accident very easily. If this is the case the design of the bus lane should take into account that drivers with, in general, higher speeds than the busses, accidentally enter the bus lane. In that case the design should be accordingly. Another situation reveals the hazard that is introduced when one shields specific obstacles locally but leaves space between the guardrails that consecutively shield them. When a driver is so unfortunate to leave the road between the two obstacles he/she can then get behind the guardrail of an obstacle and crash into it anyway.
Naar aanleiding van 10 ongevallen met wegkantmeubilair zijn 10 wegbeeldanalyses uitgevoerd op locaties binnen het EU-RISER project.
To reference this document use:
TNO, Soesterberg Soesterberg


text:
Go to the BuildPreview and then go to the Starting Ignore Actor collapsed node in the On Spawned collapsed node. Create a new "Get all actors of class" node and set the class to "VoxelTerrainActor"
or the class of your voxel actor. Then create a new then create a new array of "VoxelTerrainActor" and connect that to the get all actors of class output. Example image below.
Then find and right click the landscape actors array and find references.
Then just copy the same things the landscape actors variable is being used for and do the same for the "VoxelTerrainActor" that you created. Example image below.
Last if you go to the BuildPreview then go to the Placement function and add a pin to this Or node and connect up a new == node and set the class to "VoxelTerrainActor", it should work.
(Node you need to add the node highlighted node and set its class to Voxelterrainactor)