impala-shell Command Reference
Use the following commands within impala-shell to pass requests to the impalad daemon that the shell is connected to. You can enter a command interactively at the prompt, or pass it as the argument to the -q option of impala-shell. Most of these commands are passed to the Impala daemon as SQL statements; refer to the corresponding SQL language reference sections for full syntax details.
Command Explanation
Changes the underlying structure or settings of an Impala table, or a table shared between Impala and Hive. See ALTER TABLE Statement and ALTER VIEW Statement for details.
compute stats
Gathers important performance-related information for a table, used by Impala to optimize queries. See COMPUTE STATS Statement for details.
Connects to the specified instance of impalad. The default port of 21000 is assumed unless you provide another value. You can connect to any host in your cluster that is running impalad. If you connect to an instance of impalad that was started with an alternate port specified by the --fe_port flag, you must provide that alternate port. See Connecting to impalad through impala-shell for examples.
The SET statement has no effect until the impala-shell interpreter is connected to an Impala server. Once you are connected, any query options you set remain in effect as you issue a subsequent CONNECT command to connect to a different Impala host.
Shows the columns, column data types, and any column comments for a specified table. DESCRIBE FORMATTED shows additional information such as the HDFS data directory, partitions, and internal properties for the table. See DESCRIBE Statement for details about the basic DESCRIBE output and the DESCRIBE FORMATTED variant. You can use DESC as shorthand for the DESCRIBE command.
Removes a schema object, and in some cases its associated data files. See DROP TABLE Statement, DROP VIEW Statement, DROP DATABASE Statement, and DROP FUNCTION Statement for details.
Provides the execution plan for a query. EXPLAIN represents a query as a series of steps. For example, these steps might be map/reduce stages, metastore operations, or file system operations such as move or rename. See EXPLAIN Statement and Using the EXPLAIN Plan for Performance Tuning for details.
Help provides a list of all available commands and options.
Maintains an enumerated cross-session command history. This history is stored in the ~/.impalahistory file.
Writes the results of a query to a specified table. This either overwrites table data or appends data to the existing table content. See INSERT Statement for details.
invalidate metadata
Updates impalad metadata for table existence and structure. Use this command after creating, dropping, or altering databases, tables, or partitions in Hive. See INVALIDATE METADATA Statement for details.
Displays low-level information about the most recent query. Used for performance diagnosis and tuning. The report starts with the same information as produced by the EXPLAIN statement and the SUMMARY command. See Using the Query Profile for Performance Tuning for details.
Exits the shell. Remember to include the final semicolon so that the shell recognizes the end of the command.
Refreshes impalad metadata for the locations of HDFS blocks corresponding to Impala data files. Use this command after loading new data files into an Impala table through Hive or through HDFS commands. See REFRESH Statement for details.
rerun or @
Executes a previous impala-shell command again, from the list of commands displayed by the history command. These could be SQL statements, or commands specific to impala-shell such as quit or profile.
Specify an integer argument. A positive integer N represents the command labelled N in the output of the HISTORY command. A negative integer -N represents the Nth command from the end of the list, such as -1 for the most recent command. Commands that are executed again do not produce new entries in the HISTORY output list.
Specifies the data set on which to complete some action. All information returned from select can be sent to some output such as the console or a file or can be used to complete some other element of query. See SELECT Statement for details.
Manages query options for an impala-shell session. The available options are the ones listed in Query Options for the SET Statement. These options are used for query tuning and troubleshooting. Issue SET with no arguments to see the current query options, either based on the impalad defaults, as specified by you at impalad startup, or based on earlier SET statements in the same session. To modify option values, issue commands with the syntax set option=value. To restore an option to its default, use the unset command. Some options take Boolean values of true and false. Others take numeric arguments, or quoted string values.
In Impala 2.0 and later, SET is available as a SQL statement for any kind of application, not only through impala-shell. See SET Statement for details.
In Impala 2.5 and later, you can use SET to define your own substitution variables within an impala-shell session. Within a SQL statement, you substitute the value by using the notation ${var:variable_name}.
Executes the specified command in the operating system shell without exiting impala-shell. You can use the! character as shorthand for the shell command.
Displays metastore data for schema objects created and accessed through Impala, Hive, or both. show can be used to gather information about objects such as databases, tables, and functions. See SHOW Statement for details.
source or src
Executes one or more statements residing in a specified file from the local filesystem. Allows you to perform the same kinds of batch operations as with the -f option, but interactively within the interpreter. The file can contain SQL statements and other impala-shell commands, including additional SOURCE commands to perform a flexible sequence of actions. Each command or statement, except the last one in the file, must end with a semicolon. See Running Commands and SQL Statements in impala-shell for examples.
Summarizes the work performed in various stages of a query. It provides a higher-level view of the information displayed by the EXPLAIN command. Added in Impala 1.4.0. See Using the SUMMARY Report for Performance Tuning for details about the report format and how to interpret it.
The time, memory usage, and so on reported by SUMMARY only include the portions of the statement that read data, not when data is written. Therefore, the PROFILE command is better for checking the performance and scalability of INSERT statements.
In CDH 5.5 / Impala 2.3 and higher, you can see a continuously updated report of the summary information while a query is in progress. See LIVE_SUMMARY Query Option (CDH 5.5 or higher only) for details.
Removes any user-specified value for a query option and returns the option to its default value. See Query Options for the SET Statement for the available query options.
In CDH 5.7 / Impala 2.5 and higher, it can also remove user-specified substitution variables using the notation UNSET VAR:variable_name.
Indicates the database against which to execute subsequent commands. Lets you avoid using fully qualified names when referring to tables in databases other than default. See USE Statement for details. Not effective with the -q option, because that option only allows a single statement in the argument.
Returns Impala version information.


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Home >Online Product Documentation >Table of Contents >Create XML Document from XML Schema
Create XML Document from XML Schema
You use the Create XML Document from XML Schema dialog box to select the XML Schema from which you want to create an XML document, and to specify characteristics about that document including the root node, and whether or not you want to generate comments in the XML.
If the XML Schema contains an element defined using a built-in type, the instance of that element in the XML document is created using the minimum value of the range specified for that type. For example, if the XML Schema contains a
 element defined as
 element in the resulting XML document appears as
The XML Schema from which you want to create the XML document.
The element node in the XML Schema you want to use as the XML document's root.
For More Information
Using Schemas with XML Documents

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The French village of Allouville-Bellefosse is famous for the Chêne Chapelle (Oak Chapel), which is literally a chapel built into an oak tree. The amazing architecture consists of a wooden staircase spiraling around the ancient tree, leading up to a couple of chambers. These rooms have always been used as places of worship by the village locals.
The tree is known to have been growing as far back as the thirteenth century, during the rule of Louis IX. It is also known to have survived the Hundred Years War against the English, the Black Death, the Reformation, and Napoleon's rule. Local folklore dates it a 1,000 years old, when it is said that the acorn took root. However, tree experts say it could only be around 800 years old.
The oak has seen its share of tough times. In the late 1600s, when it was around 500 years old, it was struck by lightning one stormy night. Although a hollow was burnt right into the centre of the tree, new branches and leaves continued to grow. In view of the miracle that had occurred, the tree was pegged as a sort of holy spot, deserving of a pilgrimage. The staircase and chapel were built soon after. (via)


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The Eeyou Marine Region Land Claims Agreement
The Eeyou Marine Region Impact Review Board is an Institution of Public Government established under the Eeyou Marine Region Land Claims Agreement (EMRLCA). The Agreement was signed by the Governments of Canada and Nunavut, and by the Grand Council of the Crees on behalf of the Crees of Eeyou Istchee. It was signed on July 7, 2010 and came into effect on February 15, 2012. The EMRLCA is a treaty recognized under the Constitution Act, 1982.
The EMRLCA is a comprehensive land claims agreement that sets out the respective rights of Canada and the Cree in regard to the Eeyou Marine Region (EMR). The EMR is a remarkable expanse of land located in eastern James Bay and southeastern Hudson Bay. It covers approximately 61,270 square kilometers and affects the lives of 17,146 Cree that live on the mainland in northern Quebec.
To effectively manage land use, hunting, fishing, trapping, and development in the EMR, the Crees and the Government of Canada established three Institutions of Public Government:
- the Eeyou Marine Region Planning Commission (EMRPC) - Chapter 8 of the EMRLCA
- the Eeyou Marine Region Wildlife Board (EMRWB) - Chapter 13 of the EMRLCA
- the Eeyou Marine Region Impact Review Board (EMRIRB) - Chapter 18 of the EMRLCA
The main purposes of the Agreement include provisions for the following:
- Cree ownership of most of the islands in Eastern James Bay and Southern Hudson Bay from Long Island going South
- Joint ownership by the Cree and Inuit of Nunavik of most of the islands from Long Island North to Umiujaq
- Ownership of subsurface mineral rights of the above islands
- Cree share of royalty payments made to government flowing from natural resources extracted from the seabed
- Compensation paid over nine years to the Cree Nation Government
- Cree harvesting regime for the offshore region
- Cree participation in the EMR Wildlife Board, EMR Impact Review Board, and EMR Planning Commission
- Cree participation in development projects through Impact and Benefit Agreements
- Safeguard of Cree Aboriginal rights, including right of self-government not affecting lands or resources in Nunavut and in the area comprising Hudson Bay and James Bay
- Protected areas, land use planning, government employments and contracts, archaeology, and ethnographic resources
As set out in Chapter 18 of the Agreement, the EMRIRB has the primary responsibility to assess the environmental and socio-economic impacts of proposed development projects within the EMR.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Mines other than anti-personnel mines (MOTAPM)
What are MOTAPM?
Mines other than anti-personnel mines (MOTAPM) refers to anti-vehicle mines. Unlike anti-personnel mines, this type of mine is activated by a vehicle driving over it, rather than a person stepping on it. MOTAPM includes anti-tank mines.
Background on MOTAPM within the CCW
The issue of MOTAPM prior and during the Second Review Conference
Humanitarian concerns related to MOTAPM had been raised during the negotiations of the Convention of Protocol II in the 1970s, but with limited consideration. MOTAPM were part of the negotiations on Amended Protocol II during the First CCW Review Conference in _PHONE_. At the time, efforts were focused on addressing the significant humanitarian impact of anti-personnel landmines. For this reason, Amended Protocol II includes specific restrictions on the employment of anti-personnel mines and only general provisions concerning restrictions on the use of all types of mines.
At the Preparatory Committee for the Second Review Conference in 2000-2001, Denmark and the United States of America tabled an official proposal for a new Protocol on MOTAPM. Due to persistent divergent views, the December 2001 Second Review Conference did not adopt a new Protocol on MOTAPM, and instead decided to create an open-ended Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) to address the issue.
Period between the Second and Third Review Conferences, 2001 to 2006
During this period, various international organizations and non-governmental organizations continued to emphasize the importance of agreeing on a legally binding instrument on MOTAPM. For example, a July 2002 report by the ICRC called for additional measures namely "requiring that all AV mines should be detectable and equipped with either self-destruct or self-neutralization features as well as requiring that remotely delivered AV mines contain self-destruct or self-neutralization features."
New ideas were brought forward for the development of more effective controls over MOTAPM, which included: MOTAPM with sensitive fuses; MOTAPM with anti-handling devices; MOTAPM laid outside marked and fenced areas; warnings to civilians; the use of MOTAPM by non-state actors; transfers; transparency and confidence-building measures; and international cooperation and assistance.
A new Protocol on MOTAPM incorporated all additional proposals and was co-sponsored by 31 states. However, despite efforts made by the GGE on MOTAPM between 2001 and 2006, it was not possible to eliminate differences, specifically with regard to issues of detectability and active life.
The Third Review Conference of the CCW could not agree on a new protocol containing legally binding rules with regard to MOTAPM. Rather, the States Parties decided to maintain the issue of MOTAPM on the agendas of annual Meetings of the States Parties to the CCW.
Due to the concerns regarding the humanitarian impact of MOTAPM, several CCW States Parties committed politically in a special declaration their intention to take the necessary steps to adopt as a matter of national policy the practices that were developed in the draft Protocol on MOTAPM. These states declared: "if circumstances change in the future, and it appears possible that consensus may be achieved on a protocol on anti-vehicle mines…they would join other governments in renewed efforts to adopt such a protocol, building on the work done on this subject over the last five years by the CCW coordinators."
Report of the 2012 Meeting of Experts on Mines Other Than Anti-Personnel Mines (MOTAPM)
The Fourth Review Conference High Contracting Parties decided:
To discuss further the implementation of international humanitarian law as it pertains to mines other than anti-personnel mines, and to submit a report to the 2012 Meeting of the High Contracting Parties to the Convention.
The 2012 Meeting of Experts discussed the following issues: current status of international humanitarian law on MOTAPM; measures taken by States and existing international humanitarian law (IHL); humanitarian impact of MOTAPM use; National policies on the use of MOTAPM; possible measures to address the humanitarian impact of MOTAPM use.
In past CCW discussions and during the 2012 Meeting of Experts, the requirement for MOTAPM to be detectable was a key issue. One of the major problems is that undetectable MOTAPM create considerable difficulties and costs for clearance operations, which in turn can drastically slow down or halt the delivery of humanitarian aid and movement in an area. However, the argument against detectability is that the financial costs of making MOTAPM detectable are prohibitive and the military utility of non-detectable MOTAPM much too valuable to forgo. Another crucial issue was reducing the active life of MOTAPM through self-destruct, self-neutralisation and self-deactivation devices. Other issues focused on the protection of civilians through perimeter marked areas; monitoring and security of minefields containing MOTAPM; addressing sensitive fuses and anti-handling devices; victim assistance; and cooperation and assistance.
The MOTAPM Meeting of Experts as required by its mandate submitted a report to the Meeting of High Contracting Parties to the CCW, which took place from 15 to 16 November 2012. Although the CCW Meeting "welcomed the Report of the Meeting of Experts on MOTAPM and expressed its appreciation for the work carried out by Colonel Jim Burke of Ireland for his role as Friend of the Chair on MOTAPM", the Experts were unable reach agreement on further work on this matter. Instead MOTAPM will be on the agenda for the 2013 Meeting of High Contracting Parties.
High level statements on MOTAPM
At the beginning of the 2012 Meeting of the High Contracting Parties to the CCW, the United Nations Secretary General, Mr. Ban Ki-moon stated:
"First, in my last report to the Security Council on the protection of civilians in armed conflict, I welcomed the work carried out on anti-vehicle mines this year under the aegis of the Convention. I strongly urge High Contracting Parties to continue to explore all possible avenues for ensuring that these weapons no longer harm civilians, impede the delivery of humanitarian aid or obstruct social and economic development. In doing so, I encourage Parties to consider the views and field experiences of United Nations entities."
The Report of the Secretary-General on the protection of civilians in armed conflict is attached here
is an article on MOTAPM by the Director-General of the United Nations Office at Geneva, Mr. Kassym-Jomart Takoyev.
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Engineering is a way to create!
Learn electronics with your children by building a talking stuffed bear
Allow them to learn that they can. "Everything around you that you call life was made up by people that were no smarter than you…" –Steve Jobs
Togetherbear can be your first electronics project. Start arduino exploration with your children! Discover the absolute basics of how electronics tick together with your child while following a fun children's book storyline. We introduce soldering, programming and putting it all together in an entertaining hand's on Arduino project; all while creating a lasting memory and a keepsake in the form of a talking stuffed animal for you and your child.
Take wires and screws and create the toy you would have bought in the store. Then give it your own voice and keep the knowledge.


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Respondus LockDown Browser
LockDown Browser is a custom browser that locks down the testing environment within quiz in CougarVIEW.
- Instructor Instructions for setting up Respondus LockDown Browser
- Student Instructions for Installing Respondus LockDown Browser
Respondus Monitor is an extra tool available with Respondus LockDown Browser that uses webcam and video to prevent cheating during online exams. These two tools can be use within CougarVIEW as an option instead of proctoring.
- Instructions on setting up Respondus Monitor
What is Respondus 4.0 Campus-Wide?
Respondus is a software tool that allows you to retrieve, create and publish exam, assessments, and surveys from CougarVIEW (Brightspace by D2L). Respondus will allow a user to upload questions from text files and other documents and can convert test banks into quizzes for easy upload into CougarVIEW.
Respondus Instructions and Training Resources
- Access and Search - Training resources from Hoonuit (formerly Atomic Learning)
- Respondus 4.0 Training - from Atomic Learning.
- Instructional Videos - from Respondus.com.
- Instructional Videos - Respondus instructional videos in YouTube created by Center of Online Learning (COOL).
- Rapid Rollout - Instructor Resources - from Respondus
Respondus Support and Face-to-Face Training
Center of Online learning offers the following training:
- 1-on-1 consultation upon is available request.
- Respondus is free software for faculty and staff and if you need software to be installed on your computer, please make a request through an eQuest to UITS.
Check out these training sessions on workshop page.
Known Issues Using Monitor
Although there is an option to allow students to use an iPad, some students have reported having trouble taking the exam using their iPad. We recommend not using an iPad. Additionally, Respondus LockDown Browser and Respondus Monitor are not compatible with chromebooks, android devices or phones


How to: Resolving the inline controls
Some of you have already used the inline controls, others just know they are there, the rest doesn't even know they exist. They can be a powerful feature, but sometimes, you may not know how to use them, especially if you use them on ASPX templates.
Hi there,
Inline controls are very similar to macros, the difference is that macros produce a text result, while inline controls produce a working control placed in your page.
If you click the Insert inline control button in the WYSIVYG editor toolbar and select some inline control, you may notice that just some special text macro is inserted into the text.
If you then view the page, you can see how the macro is resolved into a control with functionality.In this sample, it is a BizForm, but it can be anything, including your custom control.
This happens because native controls in Kentico CMS support resolving of the inline controls automatically. Examples of such controls are editable regions or viewer controls with transformations.
But you may want to enable resolving of the inline controls somewhere else. Maybe in your custom web part or on an ASPX template.
Rendering the content
A typical action that you do if you want to display some text from WYSIWYG editor is rendering it to the page. One way how to do that is a literal control.
So let's say we want to display the editable text from the Home page on another page. I will show you this example on the CorporateSiteASPX sample site, but the same thing can be done in any ASPX code you have.
Locate the ~/CMSTemplates/CorporateSiteAspx/Services.aspx page and add the following ASPX code into it:
I put it right after the ContentText editable region. Then, add following lines to the Page_Load method of that page:
CMS.TreeEngine.TreeNode homeDocument = CMS.CMSHelper.TreeHelper.GetDocument(CMSContext.CurrentSiteName, "/Home", CMSContext.PreferredCultureCode, true, "CMS.MenuItem", false);
if (homeDocument!= null)
 this.ltlContent.Text = (string)homeDocument.DocumentContent["MainContentText"];
The name in the indexer may vary based on the name of your editable region on the Home page.
If you now go to the live site view, you can see the home page text rendered, BUT without the inline controls resolved in it:
Resolving the inline controls
We are getting to the root of this article: How to resolve the inline controls? The process of resolving is very simple, you just need to have your ASPX components in a right way and call the right method to resolve them.
The method is located in the CMS.ExtendedControls.ControlsHelper class and it is the ResolveDynamicControls(Control parent) method. As the parameter name indicates, you are not refering to the control with the text itself, but to some parent. You will understand why once you read how it works:
 - The method identifies all literal controls within the parent container.
 - Any literal control that contains an inline control macro is split into several controls: Literal with the text before the macro, Resolved inline control, Literal with the text after the macro.
 - If it locates a container control, it iteratively does the same thing within it.
So basically, if there is an inline control macro, the internal controls collection of the parent is processed and potentially altered with new controls. By specifying the parent, you simply say on which part of the page you want to apply the resolving process. Needless to say, you can apply this to any part of the page, no matter how complex it is, including the whole Form control.
To make our sample working, wee need to provide some parent container, so change the ASPX code to:
And we will call the resolve function on it, so add following line to the end of the Page_Load method:
Now if you look at the page, the controls will be resolved:
Final notes
You should note several things:
 - The resolving process modifies the controls collection and needs to examine the content of each included literal, so it should be called on the smallest possible collection of controls.
 - Since the control collection is modified, the resolving works only with a code that doesn't contain any code blocks, otherwise you get the following exception: The Controls collection cannot be modified because the control contains code blocks (i.e. <%... %>).
 - An inline control is a simple macro, so it doesn't include any security, unless the security check is done by the control itself. So in case you develop your custom inline controls, be aware of that.
 - Inline Polls, BizForms and Ratings are based on the same concept, they just have their own buttons on the toolbar, but they can be inserted as general inline controls, too.
I should also note that in the future (in 6.0), the inline controls will be obsoleted, and a new and much better concept of inline widgets will be introduced. It will also cover security and many more options for their configuration. There is no need to panic, inline controls will still be supported, just not recommended as the best practice. The inline widgets will internally work on the same resolving, so whereever you put this code, it will automatically work with the inline widgets the same way without the need for any updates.
That is all from me today, see you next time
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Martin Hejtmanek


LOBO SuperTRAQ (Product Review)
The Tesoro LOBO SuperTRAQ metal detector works very well.
Make sure your batteries are fully charged before you use it or else it is absolutely useless. They say the batteries can last 18 hours, but out in the field it was more like 10 hours.
It cannot find smaller nuggets (under half gram) in highly mineralized ground because its a VLF. However, all VLF's have this limitation in ground with a lot of iron content. Its synonymous with your cell phone signal being cut off in a concrete building or tunnel. The iron in the ground is like a barrier to the search coil. So its best to use this detector where there is considerably less minerals in the ground.
I use this detector for finding gold when I'm out in the Arizona mountains.
Ground balancing is simple. Just jiggle it up and down above the ground until the beeping sound is lowered.
When finding targets I hear two different sounds.
1) Single soft beep
If you place the coil directly on a hot rock and pull upwards, you will hear a soft beep, but more like a whine. When going towards the hot rock it will not make any beep.
2) Single loud beep
This indicates metals like trash or gold.
Unfortunately, there is no way to tell the difference between gold and another metal which means you just need to dig all your targets.
Sometimes it randomly beeps twice over gold, iron or steel and then it goes back to a single beep. Not sure what that means, but I suppose its caused by the double coil.
In conclusion,
If there was a way of distinguishing different metals by auditory means, then I would be happier.
I compared this to a Whites GMT. The GMT has an electronic meter that shows the probability of iron. However, it did not appear to emit any distinctive audio sounds for metals.
The Lobo is good instrument for detecting gold as long as the gold is closer to the surface. The bigger the nugget the better. A half gram can be detected downwards of about 2 inches in heavily mineralized soil. With less mineralization, it will go much deeper.
I said earlier that this is the secondary tool in our arsenal of detectors. Our favorite is the Whites TDI. We use the TDI to search for targets, then use the Lobo to help pinpoint it. You can read our review of the Whites TDI on our site. We have much luck with this approach.
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Interweaving Algal Biotechnology with the Urban Environment
Title (temporary): Interweaving Algal Biotechnology With the Urban EnvironmentResearch question: How can an intersection of design with algal biotechnology generate new applications in the urban indoor environment?
My thesis describes the findings of practice as research, exploring an intersection of design with algal biotechnology in the context of the urban indoor environment. As we, modern inhabitants, spend most of our time indoors, our contained environment serves as the generic site to which research findings are applied. This paper traces and analyses history of microalgae in relation to design applications through empirical studies and literature reviews. Microalgae are cousins of plant form, each cell alive with photosynthetic pigments. The thesis reflects on the invention of Algae Printing, an outcome from my creative research, and its new ontology in the urban environment. Concepts of ecology are developed with suggested applications of Algae Printing, connecting the microscopic to the macroscopic within the fabric of the urban environment. The inquiry was led by collaborative processes between myself as a designer/ Artist in Residence and algal bioscientists in biochemistry and chemical engineering laboratories at Imperial College London. Scientific research using the invention Algae Printing produced new perceptions of the life of microalgae through 'cellular' applications for the production of food, energy and filters. Rabinow, Latour, Carter and DeLanda inspire reflection on the scientific collaborative processes. This paper presents collaborative interdisciplinarity of emerging design practice for biotechnological invention and suggests how it can contribute to the amelioration of the urban environment through 'creative' empiricism with biochemistry.>>> Please visit my research webpage at CSM, UAL
Seminars and talks


Archaeologists find coffin related to Israelites' exodus from Egypt
Archaeologists unearthed an ancient coffin in northern Israel, and linked it to the age of pharaohs and the Israelites' exodus from Egypt, officials said.
Scientists at the burial site also found a golden scarab which had the seal of Egyptian pharaoh Seti I, who ruled in the late Bronze Age, according to Israel's Antiquities Authority.
Seti I was the father of Ramses II, whom some scholars have identified as the pharaoh who ruled during the Israelites' escape from slavery in ancient Egypt.
"We discovered a unique and rare find: a cylindrical clay coffin with an anthropoidal lid surrounded by a variety of pottery, consisting mainly of storage vessels for food, tableware, cult vessels and animal bones," according to a statement by the antiquities authority.
The mystery man inside this coffin was most likely a regional official who served under his pharaoh ruler around the 13th century BC.
Or he could have been a wealthy local man who wanted a funeral fit for a pharaoh.
"Since the vessels interred with the individual were produced locally, we assume the deceased was an official of the Canaanite origin who was engaged in the service of the Egyptian government," according to researchers.
"Another possibility is that the coffin belonged to a wealthy individual who imitated the Egyptian funerary customs."
The sarcophagus was discovered in recent months during digs in northern Israel's Jezreel Valley.
Filed under 4/9/14
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It can be difficult to shop with an autistic child.
They may have trouble understanding what is happening around them, they may become overwhelmed by the noise and crowds, or they may have a meltdown in the middle of the store.
Here are some tips to help make shopping with your autistic child easier and ways to create a more autism-friendly shopping experience.
Why is it Difficult to Shop with an Autistic Child?
Autistic children don't see shopping the same as their neurotypical peers. Some difficulties they face include:
For many autistic children, bright lights, loud noises, and strong smells can be overwhelming. A lot is happening around them which can make shopping a difficult and even painful experience.
Crowds and long lines
Large crowds of people can be overwhelming for anyone, but for a child with autism, it can cause a lot of anxiety.
Crowds also create noise which can be difficult for a child with autism to filter out.
Change in routine
Shopping is a deviation from the normal routine which can be difficult for a child with autism to handle. They may become agitated or have a meltdown because of the change in schedule.
Meltdowns are a common occurrence for autistic children. They may happen when a child with autism is overwhelmed, frustrated, or tired. Meltdowns can look different for every child but may include crying, yelling, hitting, or self-injurious behaviors.
Many autistic children experience high levels of anxiety. This may be due to the sensory overload they feel or from knowing that a meltdown is possible. Anxiety can make shopping an even more difficult experience.
Challenges children with autism face in a store
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can face several challenges when visiting a store. These challenges can stem from sensory sensitivities, difficulty with social interactions, and the need for routine and predictability. Here are some of the key challenges:
- Sensory Overload: Many children with autism are sensitive to sensory stimuli. Stores can be full of bright lights, loud noises, and strong smells, which can overwhelm these children and lead to distress.
- Difficulty Understanding Social Norms: Social interactions can be challenging for children with autism. They might not understand the social expectations in a store setting, such as waiting in line or interacting with store employees.
- Changes in Routine: Children with autism often rely on routines and predictability. A change in the layout of the store or an unexpected event (like an item being out of stock) can be extremely disruptive for them.
- Trouble with Transitioning: Transitioning from one activity to another can be difficult for children with autism. This can make it hard for them to move from one section of the store to another, or to leave the store when shopping is finished.
- Difficulty with Motor Skills: Some children with autism may have challenges with fine motor skills, making it hard for them to handle small items or money.
Strategies like providing a schedule, practicing and building tolerance, and preparing the child for what to expect can help manage these challenges. Additionally, making retail environments more autism-friendly, such as reducing noise levels and providing quiet spaces, can also be beneficial.
Tips for Shopping with an Autistic Child
By understanding what is difficult for your child during a shopping trip, you can be better prepared to handle any challenges that may come up.
Here are some tips to make shopping with a child with autism easier:
Prepare your Child for the Change in Schedule
The day before the shopping trip, tell your child about your plans. Explain that they will be going shopping and tell them what time you will leave. This will help your child prepare for the change in routine.
Make a Plan with your Child
Before you leave for the store, sit down with your child and explain what will happen. Use words and pictures to help them understand the steps of the trip. This will help reduce anxiety and make the trip more predictable.
Include what will happen once you get home by creating a social story.
For example, say we will get into the car, drive to the store and park in the lot. Once we enter the store we will choose a wagon, collect all of the items on our list and head to the checkout line. Once we pay for the items we will bag them and place them in the car. Once we drive home, we will undo and put away the items and then play a game of your choice.
Applied Pressure Techniques
Applied pressure techniques can help an autistic child with sensory processing disorder. Things like weighted blankets, vests, or stuffed animals can provide deep pressure input which can help calm the nervous system.
Bring along a fidget toy
If your child becomes overwhelmed, having something they love to focus on can help calm them down.
Fidget toys can be a helpful distraction for a child with autism. They may help them focus and stay calm while shopping
Reward them for Good Behavior
If your child does well on the shopping trip, be sure to reward them. This could be a favorite food, toy, or activity.
Rewarding good behavior will help encourage your child to continue following the rules while shopping.
Keep Trips Short
Autistic children can become overwhelmed easily, so it is best to keep trips short. This will help reduce the chances of a meltdown occurring.
Start with two or three items. If you have to make a larger purchase, break it up into multiple trips.
This will help your child stay calm and avoid becoming overwhelmed.
How ABA therapy can help a child go shopping
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) therapy is a type of therapy that can be beneficial for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), including when they go shopping. ABA therapy uses positive reinforcement to encourage desirable behaviors and reduce problematic ones. Here's how ABA therapy can assist a child with ASD during a shopping trip:
- Planning and Preparation: ABA therapy helps children with autism to understand and follow routines. Before a shopping trip, parents or caregivers can use ABA techniques to prepare the child for what to expect, such as making a list or discussing the steps involved in shopping.
- Visual Supports: Visual schedules, which are often used in ABA therapy, can be incredibly useful for children with autism. They provide a visual representation of what will happen during the shopping trip, which can help the child understand the sequence of events and reduce anxiety.
- Skill Development: Shopping trips can be used as an opportunity to practice and develop skills. For example, younger children may help gather produce, while older children might learn to compare prices or pay for items. ABA therapy can guide this skill development.
- Behavior Management: ABA therapy can also help manage problematic behaviors that may arise during shopping. This can include using positive reinforcement to encourage calm behavior, or teaching the child strategies to cope with sensory overload.
- Real-World Application: ABA therapy isn't just for the clinic – it can be applied in real-world situations like shopping. This allows children with autism to learn and practice skills in a practical context.
Remember, each child with autism is unique, and what works for one child may not work for another. It's important to tailor strategies to the individual child's needs and abilities.
Shopping with a child with autism can be a difficult and frustrating experience. However, by following these tips, you can make the trip more manageable for both you and your child. Remember to be patient and understanding, and most importantly, have fun!


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Adult butterfly feeding-nectar flower associations: constraints of taxonomic affiliation, butterfly, and nectar flower morphology
Tiple, Ashish D.; Khurad, Arun M.; Dennis, Roger L.H.. 2009 Adult butterfly feeding-nectar flower associations: constraints of taxonomic affiliation, butterfly, and nectar flower morphology. Journal of Natural History, 43 (13-14). 855-884. 10.1080/00222930802610568Full text not available from this repository.
Butterfly-flower morphological interrelationships were investigated for 108 butterfly species and 20 plants at Nagpur, India. Distinct clusters of higher taxa (families) are disclosed for butterfly morphology and significant morphological and taxonomic associations occur in nectar exploitation. Flower corolla depth generally restricts exploitation by butterflies in relation to proboscis length and butterflies with high wing load indices bias their feeding to plants with massed flowers. However, important exceptions emerge; also, a substantial number of butterflies feed on plants with massed flowers though their proboscises are of marginal length for corolla depths. These butterfly species are significantly smaller, lighter, with lower wing loading and shorter proboscis indices than species which easily access the same flowering plant species. It is suggested that small size and short proboscises could give them a competitive advantage (increased rate of nectar uptake) for exploiting nectar in such situations. The significance of the findings for conservation is discussed.
|Programmes:||CEH Programmes pre-2009 publications > Biodiversity > BD01 Conservation and Restoration of Biodiversity > BD01.1 Distributions and abundance of taxa|
|Additional Keywords:||conservation, corolla depth, habitat, nectar resources, proboscis length|
|NORA Subject Terms:||Biology and Microbiology
Ecology and Environment
|Date made live:||12 Aug 2009 15:19|
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This gigantic antenna system called Duga-3 is located near Prypiat in the Chernobyl area.
It was built in the 70's as an early missile detection system (over-the-horizon radar system). It was also called the Steel Yard hence its distinctive appearance. The antenna was deactivated in 1989.
The Russian Woodpecker was a notorious Soviet signal that could be heard on the shortwave radio bands worldwide between July 1976 and December 1989. It sounded like a sharp, repetitive tapping noise, at 10 Hz, giving rise to the "Woodpecker" name. The random frequency disrupted legitimate broadcast, amateur radio, and utility transmissions and resulted in thousands of complaints by many countries worldwide.
Starting in 1976 a new and powerful radio signal was detected worldwide, and quickly dubbed the Woodpecker by amateur radio operators. Transmission power on some woodpecker transmitters was estimated to be as high as 10 MW EIRP. As well as disrupting shortwave amateur radio and broadcasting it could sometimes be heard over telephone circuits due to the strength of the signals. This led to a thriving industry of "Woodpecker filters" and noise blankers.
coordinates : 51°18'19.31"N 30°03'57.66"E
pictures sources : 1 2 3
text source : 1


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So what's with the "a" in front of familiar words like beam, stern and aft?
Adding the "a-" prefix turns the noun into an adjective. Nouns, you'll recall, name things. They answer the What? or Who? in a sentence. Adverbs, on the other hand, modify a verb. They answer questions like When? Where? Why? and How?
Adding the "a" to parts of a boat tells us where something else is in relationship to our boat. This use of the a- prefix is from Old English use of a- to mean on, in, at.
- A + Beam = On our beam, or beside our boat.
- A + Stern = At our stern, or behind us.
- A + Baft = To the rear (baft is Old English for behind). "Abaft the beam" is a phrase commonly used when practicing the Quick Stop Crew Overboard procedure.
|Pete's class sneaks up astern of our class.|
|After my quick "paparazzi tack," Pete is abeam of our boat.|


Pikkutrappi ja sen havainnot Suomen Lapissa
Little bustard (Tetrax tetrax) is a rare visitor in Finland which has been observed only about 20 times, and in Finnish Lapland only once. It was the first observation in Finland, in Utsjoki in 1795. A single bird was shot by local hunters.
Räkättirastas, sen esiintyminen Lapissa ja Värriön luonnonpuistossa
Fieldfare (Turdus pilaris) is moderately common thrush in Finnish Lapland. In Varrio Nature Reserve the population is rather stabile, at on average 18 pairs. The autumn migration observations in Varrio refer to curious behaviour. The major migration direction is from south-east to north-west. Thus the migrating fieldfares aim first at north-western or western coast of Norway, before turning to south.
Riskilä ja sen esiintyminen Suomen Lapissa
Black guillemot (Cepphus grylle) has occurred regularly throughout Gulf of Bothnia, including the bottom of the Gulf (inside Finnish Laplands). In the 1900's the Lapland population gradually decreased from several tens into minimum of 3 pairs in 1983. Largely due to establishment of Perameri National Park the threatening extinction was avoided and the nesting population has returned in 2000's to about 10 pairs per annum.
Pikkuruokki ja sen havainnot Suomen Lapissa
Little auk or Dovekie (Alle alle) is observed annually as vagrant in Finland. In Finnish Lapland it had been observed about 30 times. The nearest observation to Varrio strict nature reserve is from Inari, Inarinjarvi, from 25.10.2007.


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Point Fermin Lighthouse Needs an Ownerposted: 7/30/2012
The move is part of the federal government's effort to dispose of lighthouses across the nation that it says are no longer needed as aids to navigation because of technological advancements in vessels' navigation electronics.
The National Historic Lighthouse Preservation Act of 2000 allowed a clear path for the federal government to relieve itself of costly lighthouse maintenance while also leaving the historic structures in the hands of capable and preservation-minded owners. The bill gives government agencies and nonprofit corporations a chance at being awarded a "free" lighthouse, as long as they maintain the property and act as lighthouse stewards.
Currently, the lighthouse is managed as a museum by the city of Los Angeles' Department of Recreation and Parks. The department has worked with a team of volunteers on the property to run tours and maintain the lighthouse since its $2.4 million renovation and public opening in 2003.
"Our lighthouse is unique because of the combination of its wonderful history, its stick-style Victorian architecture and its beautiful surrounding gardens," said Kristin Heather, the Point Fermin historic site curator.
Heather, a city employee, said the department has submitted its letter of intent to own the property and continue running programs at the site as it currently does.
Built in 1874, Point Fermin Lighthouse was the first navigational light on San Pedro Bay. The lighthouse's stick-style construction was designed by Paul J. Pelz, a draftsman for the U.S. Lighthouse Board, and only three structures of similar construction remain standing.
The lighthouse remained in active use until Dec. 9, 1941, two days after the attacks on Pearl Harbor, and it was turned off during a coastal blackout, prompted by concern that the light might be used as a beacon for Japanese planes in an attack on the West Coast. The lighthouse operated as a lookout tower through the duration of the war, and the light was never turned back on. Point Fermin Lighthouse was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in June 1972.
Since its passage 12 years ago, the National Historic Lighthouse Preservation Act has facilitated the ownership exchange of 84 lighthouses to new stewards.
The process requires three separate agencies to work together: The Coast Guard must identify which lighthouses are no longer required as aids to navigation and pass that information on to the General Services Administration, which must issue a Notice of Availability.
When letters of intent are received from prospective owners, the application process is handled by the National Parks Service, which awards the lighthouse to the organization it deems most deserving.
According to Point Fermin's Notice of Availability, the site must be used for education, park, recreation, cultural or historic preservation purposes, with commercial activity prohibited unless approved by the Secretary of the Interior.
The 3.5-acre property includes the lighthouse tower and surrounding garden, an office and garage building, a concrete storage structure, an electronics shack, a former guest quarters structure and a non-operational light signal beacon.
Point Fermin Lighthouse is open from 1 to 4 p.m. Tuesday through Sunday, and it is closed Mondays.
Admission is free, but a donation is requested for each visitor. Children younger than 18 must be accompanied by an adult, and children smaller than 3 feet, 4 inches tall may not be admitted to the tower. For more information, call _PHONE_.


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Cracks are a bad thing in general, but they might help speed up chips.
AmberWave Systems, which specializes in semiconductor substructures, discussed a new method for growing germanium and other, faster semiconductor materials on top of silicon at the recent Semicon West conference, according to the Technology Review magazine of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
In a nutshell, AmberWave digs trenches of about 500 nanometers deep in silicon. The trenches are then filled with germanium. This causes the silicon to crack, but the cracks go up only about half of the height of the trench wall. Regular germanium can be … Read more


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Demons of Domesticity offers a social history of the English gas industry from the 1880s to the late 1930s, with an emphasis on the corporations that served London and the Home Counties. It documents the hitherto unexamined role that women played in the development of the industry by considering two major interlocking themes: the expansion of sales occupations for women in the English gas industry, and the parallel growth and diversification of the industry's marketing strategies. During the late-nineteenth century, the home became the focal point for a number of debates concerning female employment and gender roles. As an increasing number of labour saving domestic devices came onto the market women found themselves targeted by manufacturing companies and utility suppliers, both as consumers and advocates. Foremost among these companies were representatives of the gas industry who actively addressed domestic issues. As the promoters, purveyors and consumers of domestic technology, Demons of Domesticity suggests that English female employees and consumers were not the hapless dupes of corporate marketing, but instead had clear ideas about how domestic technology could and should be used to reconfigure the public and private spaces of work and home.
Contents: List of figures; General editor's preface; Acknowledgements; List of abbreviations; Introduction; The Victorian kitchen revolutionised; Exhibitions and the spectacle of selling; Lady demons and 'well-dressed men': gender and sales in the Edwardian gas industry; 'Keep the gas fires burning!': war and reconstruction; Marketing modernity: gas versus electricity between the wars; 'A women's industry': demonstrations of difference and equality; Conclusion; Biography; Index.


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Mental Health Education, Outreach and Consultation
The Counseling Center provides mental health education, outreach and consultation throughout the year. Here are some typical topics that have been requested in the past:
- Drug and alcohol education.
- Sexual assault awareness.
- Stress management and wellness awareness activities.
- Lectures and presentations to classes and specialized groups.
- Brochures and literature on a variety of mental health topics.
For questions or to request a program, please call the Kean Counseling Center at _PHONE_


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Participants will increase their understanding of what is included in a retailer's overall strategy, and the importance of being able to understand and articulate the strategy (from both a retailer's and supplier's perspective). Retailer strategy has a significant impact on category management, and needs to be defined across different buckets, including retail format, target consumer, competitive environment and private label or no name. Each of these areas will be reviewed in detail. A hands-on workshop allows participants to define the strategy for a specific retailer that they either work for, or that is their client.
- Explain how retailer strategy affects category management;
- List different examples of what may be included in a retailer strategy;
- Identify the strategies of a specific retailer; and
- State why it is important for retailers to communicate a clear and consistent strategy to consumers.
The estimated completion time of this course is 2 hours.
Training Course Package, $125
- 30-day Access via CMKG's Online Training and Resource Center. Desktop, Laptop and Mobile Device compatible.
- Hands-On Workshops
- Downloadable Notes & Reference Guide
- Knowledge Checks
- Course Test
Training Course Videos Only, $59
- 30-day Access via CMKG's Online Training and Resource Center.
- Knowledge Checks
This accredited category management training course for retailers and manufacturers qualifies for for the Certified Professional Category Analyst (CPCA), Certified Professional Category Manager (CPCM), and Certified Professional Strategic Advisor (CPSA) training requirements.
*CMKG's Online Training and Resource Center includes many resources you can use in your day to day: a Resource Library with whitepapers, articles, tips and tricks, e-books and more; a dynamic Industry Glossary with >300 terms, each with a definition, and formulas and links to other related descriptions.


Home > General Astronomy > Arcminutes and Arcseconds
Arcminutes and Arcseconds
In a previous post I described how to measure degrees of arc in the sky, but a degree is quite a large distance when measuring angle, and so is usefully split into smaller angles, the arcminute being 1/60 of a degree, and the arcsecond being 1/60 of that, or 1/3600 of a degree.
One arcminute is written 1′, and one arcsecond is written 1″ (i.e. 1° = 60′ = 3600″)
So exactly how big are these tiny angles?
We can use high school trigonometry to work out what size of object covers (subtends) one arcminute:
working out angle
How big is one arcminute?
In the above diagram, a is our angle, 1/60 of a degree, d is our arm's length distance (say 60cm or 0.6m), and therefore h/2 = d x tan a = 0.6m x tan (1/60) = 0.000175 m, and so h = 0.00035m, or 0.35mm.
Therefore an arcminute is the angle subtended by a piece of medium thickness card (0.35mm, or 350 micrometer, card is often used to make birthday cards) held at arm's length. That's pretty small.
An arcsecond is obviously even smaller. In fact it's such a tiny angle that it's hard to compare its size to anything real. Let's instead work out how far away you'd have to hold a human hair before it covered 1 arcsecond.
working out angle
How for would you have to hold a human hair for it to cover one arcsecond?
In this case, the equation we need to use is d = h/ 2 tan a where h is the width of a human hair (around 0.0001m) and a is one arcsecond or 1/3600 of a deegree, so therefore d = 0.0001/2 tan (1/3600) = 10.3m
So a human hair held ten metres away would cover one arcsecond of sky! Wow, that's really small.
How small an angle can our eyes see?
The angular resolution of your eye is probably around 1 or 2 arcminutes. Binoculars and telescopes magnify images and allow you to resolve objects at a much smaller angular separation. As an example the Hubble Space Telescope has a minimum resolution of 0.05″ (i.e. Hubble could resolve the width of a human hair held over 200m away!)
Real Astronomical Examples
Jupiter's four largest moons, the Galilean satellites, can reach up to 10 arcminutes of angle from Jupiter, meaning that they are well within the ability of the human eye to resolve. They are also more than bright enough, reaching up to 4.6 magnitudes. The only thing stopping you seeing them is the glare from Jupiter itself, which can be up to a thousand times brighter. Your best chance to seeing one of the Galilean moons with your naked eye is by masking Jupiter with something like a wall or pole. That will obscure the glare and should let you see the fainter satellites!
Jupiter's Galilean Satellites
Alpha Centauri, the nearest star to the Sun, is actually a binary star system in which two stars orbit a common centre of gravity. This isn't detectable to the human eye, but through binoculars or a telescope you can split the point of light in the sky up into two individual points. The angular separation of the two stars that make up Alpha Centauri varies between 2 and 22 arcseconds. Even at their greatest seperation the angular size between them is still smaller than the width of a human hair held at arm's length!
 1. Tony Barraclough -UK
 November 2, 2010 at 00:28
 Thanks for this explanation, it means that I really did see Venus as a crescent in the morning sky from near Skipton on the way to school in the 60's. I was beginning to wonder if I'd imagined it. I had top notch vision when I was a child and the skies were darker for sure.
 2. April 21, 2013 at 11:15
 Venus at inferior conjunction may have an apparent angular diameter close to 60 arc-seconds. But the planet would not be visible to the unaided eye this close to the Sun (besides the exercise would be dangerous). To have any chance of seeing Venus with the unaided eye in daylight when the Sun is above the horizon the elongation (angular separation from the Sun) would need to be of the order of 10 degrees or more; its diameter would then be well below 60 arc-seconds.
 Venus having a high albedo is best observed in daylight or very strong twilight to lessen the contrast between planet and sky background. These matters are well documented in "The Haunted Observatory" Richard Baum (former Director of the Mercury & Venus Section BAA) Prometheus Books 2007.
 John C Vetterlein
 Auroral & Magnetic Observatory
 1. April 9, 2010 at 22:21
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Abdullah Atfeh
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Abdullah Atfeh
عبدالله عطفة
Minister of Defense
In office
June 1949 – December 1949
Prime Minister Muhsin al-Barazi
Hashim al-Atassi
Succeeded by Faidi al-Atassi
Chief of Staff of the Syrian Army
In office
Preceded by office established
Succeeded by Husni al-Zaim
Personal details
Born 1897
Khirbet Ghazaleh, Syria
Died 1976
Damascus, Syria
Nationality Syrian
Religion Sunni Islam
Military service
Rank Major General
Abdullah Atfeh (Arabic: عبدالله عطفة) (1897–1976) is a former Syrian career military officer who served as the first chief of staff of the Syrian Army after the country's independence.[1]
Early career[edit]
Abdullah Atfeh began his military career at the Ottoman Military Academy in Istanbul. After his graduation in 1915, he served as an officer in the Ottoman Army. He defected in 1916 to join the Arab Revolt led by Sharif Hussein against the Ottomans.[1]
After the end of World War I and the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, Atfeh joined the newly created Syrian Army under King Faisal I. Following the defeat at Maysalun and the French occupation of Syria in 1920, the Syrian Army was dissolved and Atfeh fled to Jordan to avoid arrest. He returned in 1921 following a general amnesty.[1]
Atfeh joined the Army of the Levant, which was created by France, and received advanced military training at the École Supérieure de Guerre in 1938. Atfeh rose in the ranks and by World War II he became commander of Syria's coastal region. During the 1945 uprising in Damascus, Atfeh led his troops to mutiny against the French.[1]
Syrian Army[edit]
The last French troops left Syria in 1946 and the country regained its independence. Syrian president Shukri al-Quwatli appointed Atfeh as chief of staff of the newly formed Syrian Army. The army was formed around the nucleus of the French-led Army of the Levant, and Atfeh was tasked with ensuring the allegiance of the army to the Syrian Republic.[1]
Atfeh continued his role as chief of staff when the 1948 Arab–Israeli War broke out. Syrian troops suffered heavy losses during the first days of the war. Atfeh, along with Minister of Defense Ahmad al-Sharabati, were considered the principal parties responsible for the poor preparation and management of the war. Consequently, Atfeh was relieved from his duties soon after and replaced with then-Director of Public Security, Husni al-Za'im.[1] In 1949, al-Za'im led a military coup that overthrew the al-Quwatli's government, and appointed Atfeh as his defense minister.[2] Al-Za'im's rule lasted around five months, and in August 1949 Atfeh switched his allegiances again and supported the politicians that replaced him. After the 1949 elections Atfeh was appointed minister of defense by Syria's new president, Hashim al-Atassi. However, his term did not last long and he was relieved from his post after three months, after which he retired from public life.[1]
 1. ^ a b c d e f g Moubayed, Sami M. (2006). Steel & Silk: Men & Women Who Shaped Syria _PHONE_. Cune Press. pp. 41–42. ISBN 1-885942-41-9.
 2. ^ Moubayed, Sami M. (2000). Damascus Between Democracy and Dictatorship. University Press of America. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-7618-1744-4.


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In cryptography, COCONUT98 (Cipher Organized with Cute Operations and N-Universal Transformation) is a block cipher designed by Serge Vaudenay in 1998. It was one of the first concrete applications of Vaudenay's decorrelation theory, designed to be provably secure against differential cryptanalysis, linear cryptanalysis, and even certain types of undiscovered cryptanalytic attacks.
The cipher uses a block size of 64 bits and a key size of 256 bits. Its basic structure is an 8-round Feistel network, but with an additional operation after the first 4 rounds, called a decorrelation module. This consists of a key-dependent affine transformation in the finite field GF(264). The round function makes use of modular multiplication and addition, bit rotation, XORs, and a single 8×24-bit S-box. The entries of the S-box are derived using the binary expansion of e as a source of "nothing up my sleeve numbers".
Despite Vaudenay's proof of COCONUT98's security, in 1999 David Wagner developed the boomerang attack against it. This attack, however, requires both chosen plaintexts and adaptive chosen ciphertexts, so is largely theoretical. Then in 2002, Biham, et al. applied differential-linear cryptanalysis, a purely chosen-plaintext attack, to break the cipher. The same team has also developed what they call a related-key boomerang attack, which distinguishes COCONUT98 from random using one related-key adaptive chosen plaintext and ciphertext quartet under two keys.


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Two Methods:To FailTo Pass
We all have choices in life. One of our choices is whether we want to do well in school, and have a chance for a successful career or if we want to play around, fail classes and end up with a not-so-successful career. Follow these directions and learn how to be either one or the other.
Method 1 of 2: To Fail
 1. Pass or Fail a Class Step 1.jpg
 Never do the assigned homework, and never study for a test.
 2. Pass or Fail a Class Step 2.jpg
 Always arrive late to class and make noise dropping books as you enter. It can be disturbing everyone else.
 3. Pass or Fail a Class Step 3.jpg
 Do not be prepared for class. Do not do the homework assignment, and always leave your books at home, so you are not able to follow the work as discussed during class.
 4. Pass or Fail a Class Step 4.jpg
 Never answer correctly when called up, complain and make up excuses why you do not know the right answer and act as if you do not care.
 5. Pass or Fail a Class Step 5.jpg
 Get an F in all your tests, classwork and homework. This will most certainly cause you to fail.
 6. Pass or Fail a Class Step 6.jpg
 If possible, stay up as late as possible, that way you can fall asleep in class.
 7. Pass or Fail a Class Step 7.jpg
 Fake being sick often to skip school.
 8. Pass or Fail a Class Step 8.jpg
 Never take your homework home or leave it at home.
 9. Pass or Fail a Class Step 9.jpg
 Play games on your computer and surf the internet for at least 5-6 hours a day.
 10. Pass or Fail a Class Step 10.jpg
 Act like an idiot and pretend to be 3 grades younger than you are (if you have a younger sibling then this should be easy)
Method 2 of 2: To Pass
 1. Pass or Fail a Class Step 11.jpg
 Bring your required books to class, with a notebook and pencil to take notes.
 2. Pass or Fail a Class Step 12.jpg
 Always study when you go home, and do your homework carefully. Make sure you place the homework in a school folder so you will not forget to bring it to class.
 3. Pass or Fail a Class Step 13.jpg
 Be attentive in class. Raise your hand if you need an explanation to what is being discussed. Do not leave without understanding the lesson.
 4. Pass or Fail a Class Step 14.jpg
 Respond correctly and intelligently when called upon to answer.
 5. Pass or Fail a Class Step 15.jpg
 Make sure you are early or on time for class. That means having your pencil, paper and book opened in front of you as soon as you sit at your desk.
 6. Pass or Fail a Class Step 16.jpg
 Never pass notes or chat in class. Listen and learn. That is what you are here for.
 7. Pass or Fail a Class Step 17.jpg
 Be polite and courteous to everyone.
 8. Pass or Fail a Class Step 18.jpg
 Get a good night's sleep so you are not tired when you go to school.
 9. Pass or Fail a Class Step 19.jpg
 Always show up to school.
 10. Pass or Fail a Class Step 20.jpg
 Bring writing utensils and other requirements, teachers hate when you forget them.
We could really use your help!
Can you tell us about
enjoying yourself?
Yes I can
enjoying yourself
how to entertain yourself
Can you tell us about
movie trailers?
Yes I can
movie trailers
how to make a movie trailer
Can you tell us about
managing employees?
Yes I can
managing employees
how to empower employees
Can you tell us about
Vans shoes?
Yes I can
Vans shoes
how to wear Vans with style
Thanks for helping! Please tell us everything you know about
Provide Details.
Don't say: Eat more fats.
 - If you have a 'who cares if I fail' attitude, you will never be a success in life. Remember instead of a teacher, you will have a boss to listen to.
 - Don't fail on purpose. It could result in you having to retake the course and maybe even graduating late.
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Categories: Improving And Maintaining Grades
Recent edits by: GeGeGeLL, Lutherus, Maluniu
Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 31,654 times.
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text:
Eco Tech: Desalination plant in Australia will be powered entirely by renewable energy
Eco Factor: Water desalination plant in Western Australia will purchase renewable energy for power.
With the freshwater crisis looming large, specifically in places like Australia and Dubai, inventors have started looking for ways to convert seawater and make it potable. However, these desalination plants require a huge amount of energy, which mostly comes from non-renewable sources or use just a part of renewable energy.
To solve the crisis in Western Australia, a new $780 million plant is being constructed that will be able to produce about 20% of the requirements of fresh water. The noteworthy part doesn't just end here, as the developers state that the plant will entirely be powered by renewable energy, which will be purchased from utilities generating energy from solar, wind and geothermal sources.
Construction is scheduled to commence sometime later this year, with completion scheduled for 2011. Several green groups, including the WA Conservation Council, will keep a keen eye on the energy being used to make sure that plant developers aren't just making false claims.


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Until.NET 4.0 it was impossible to reliably create Windows Shell Extensions using.NET code. With improvements to the framework, it is now possible to use.NET to create these.Net shell extensions.
Shell Context Menus are COM servers that are registered in the system that allow the context menus of shell objects to be extended. This could be the context menu for a specific file type, such as *.txt files, file classes such as 'text files', drives, folders and more. The context menus can be used to provide advanced functionality that can be accessed quickly through Windows Explorer. For example you can create a Shell Extension that allows you to count the lines in any text file by right clicking on it and choosing 'Count Lines'.
You can find more about.Net shell extensions and code for creating custom context menus at _URL_


What is TimbsComms?
TimbsComms is a niche communications agency. It is led by Olivia Timbs who is part of a network of professional trainers and communicators.
Olivia has over 30 years' experience in journalism and publishing, gained from working on UK national papers and for the specialist health and medical press.
Olivia has been an accredited trainer since 2013. Her courses include: Effective writing, for anyone who struggles to express themselves and lacks confidence; How to write an academic paper and get it published, for aspiring academics whatever their discipline; and How to turn your research into a news story for scientists and healthcare professionals interested in developing their journalistic skills. Using similar principles she can help people deliver speeches or make presentations.
The courses are usually run as one-day workshops for up to 16 people. In response to the pandemic Olivia has adapted the workshops so they can be delivered as interactive webinars via Zoom or Webex. Instead of being delivered in one day, the content is spread over three two-hour sessions. She also offers one-to-one mentoring and works with small groups.
So if you find writing difficult, want to increase the chances of seeing your academic paper published, if you want to improve your presentation skills or be confident that you can handle a tricky press conference, just get in touch and we will find someone to help you.


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Fetal Model Soft, Placenta, Cord, Chorion and Amniotic Sac is a popular tool for childbirth educators and midwives.
The Fetal Model represents an average-sized full-term baby. Made of soft, yet durable cloth, the body flexes to show all presentations and positions.
The Fetal Model:
- Has palpable anterior and posterior fontanelles.
- The soft and durable cloth body bends to allow for presentation of all positions.
- Generic light brown colour.
- 47.5cms in length.
The Placenta, Cord, Chorion and Amniotic Sac:
- Complete with a drawstring to close the sacs, enclosing the fetal model
- It has a clip to attach the umbilical cord to the soft fetal model
- The amniotic and chorionic membranes are accurately detailed in two colours.
- The placenta is 17.5 x 20cms in size.


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The won cause: black and white comradeship in the Grand Army of the Republic
Univ of North Carolina Press
, 2011 - History
- 282 pages
In the years after the Civil War, black and white Union soldiers who survived the horrific struggle joined the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR)--the Union army's largest veterans' organization. In this thoroughly researched and groundbreaking study, Barbara Gannon chronicles black and white veterans' efforts to create and sustain the nation's first interracial organization.
According to the conventional view, the freedoms and interests of African American veterans were not defended by white Union veterans after the war, despite the shared tradition of sacrifice among both black and white soldiers. In The Won Cause, however, Gannon challenges this scholarship, arguing that although black veterans still suffered under the contemporary racial mores, the GAR honored its black members in many instances and ascribed them a greater equality than previous studies have shown. Using evidence of integrated posts and veterans' thoughts on their comradeship and the cause, Gannon reveals that white veterans embraced black veterans because their membership in the GAR demonstrated that their wartime suffering created a transcendent bond--comradeship--that overcame even the most pernicious social barrier--race-based separation. By upholding a more inclusive memory of a war fought for liberty as well as union, the GAR's "Won Cause" challenged the Lost Cause version of Civil War memory.


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CBCPW - What does CBCPW stand for? The Free Dictionary
References in periodicals archive
One way to avoid the high radiation losses of microstrip at high frequencies is through the use of CBCPW transmission lines.
Fabrication costs for stripline are higher than those for microstrip or CBCPW transmission-line structures.
To derive the effective conductivity, one can calculate the distribution of current density in the cross section of CBCPW
and the ratio of current density in each conductor using a 3D EM simulator.


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Different Possibilities of Process Analysis in Cold Extrusion
Cold extrusion is a technology which offers a number of advantages when compared to other manufacturing technologies. High mechanical properties of extruded component, short production time as well as significant cost effectiveness which can be achieved by implementation of this technology are the main characteristics of cold extrusion process. In order to design the complete extrusion process in optimal way it is crucial to know the main process parameters such as load, die pressure, stress and strain distribution within deformation zone etc. There is a number of methods for the analysis of cold extrusion processes. Current paper gives the insight into the possibilities of process analysis in three different cases of cold extrusion. Radial extrusion of gear like elements has been analyzed theoretically (Upper Bound method), numerically by FE simulation and experimentally. Die stressing has been measured by special device (pin load cell) in the process of forward extrusion. Third analyzed process was backward extrusion with profiled punch. In this process loading characteristics as well as some of the mechanical properties of extruded component were obtained experimentally.
Luca Tomesani and Lorenzo Donati
M. Plancak et al., "Different Possibilities of Process Analysis in Cold Extrusion", Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 367, pp. 209-214, 2008


Aharbal is a hill station in the south-western part of Kashmir Valley in Jammu and Kashmir, 75 km south of the state capital Srinagar. Aharbal lies in the Kulgam district's Noorabad area. It is located on the Veshu River, a tributary of the Jhelum River, in an alpine valley covered in pine and fir trees within the Pir Panjal mountains, 18 km It lies at an altitude of 2266 metres above sea level. Aharbal is known for its waterfall, Aharbal Falls, where the Veshu falls noisily 25 metres and 7 metres through a narrow gorge of granite boulders. Aharbal Falls are also referred to as the Niagara Falls of Kashmir, owing to the volume of the water that falls. The terraces leading to the falls are fenced, but care must be taken to avoid slipping. Aharbal is a base for adventure tourism. The Veshu River is stocked with trout. The fishing permit can be obtained from the Fisheries department stationed at Aharbal. The alpine meadow of Kungwatan lies at the halfway point of the two-day trek to the high-altitude Konsernag Lake, which is the source of the Veshu. Other activities include horse riding, photography, and skiing during winter.


Fractional Repeat counts?
From: John Navil Joseph
Date: Fri, 23 Jul 2004 11:58:10 +0530
To: _EMAIL_
Message-ID:
SMIL 2.0 supports fractional repeat counts (ex. repeatCount = "0.75").
Consider the following example.
I suppose that the standard assumes that the intrinsic duration of
is available beforehand for this to work correctly. But on small hand held
devices it may be very expensive to calculate the exact intrinsic duration
of the
streams. (especially for elementary streams as that of MPEG4, AAC).
How does the standard expect the SMIL players to deal with these
situations in which
the intrinsic duration of the media objects is simply "unknown"?
Received on Friday, 23 July 2004 02:37:04 UTC


For current information see our main page.
Garden with Insight Kurtz-Fernhout Software
Developers of custom software and educational simulations.
Garden with Insight
Download it
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About GWI
Why free?
Book proposal
NSF proposal
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Why Garden with Insight is not for sale
A little history
We started out wanting to make a garden simulation that was educational, entertaining, and easy to use, that covered all major aspects of gardening, and was accurate. We wanted to sell the garden simulator and make a profit so we could invest the profit in other educational simulations in the future. While we still have hopes of selling a future version of Garden with Insight, for the moment we are giving this version away.
We decided to work with EPIC (Erosion/Productivity Impact Calculator), an agricultural simulation created by the USDA Agricultural Research Service because 1) it was well respected and validated; 2) it covered some of the aspects we wanted to simulate; 3) it came with large data sets; and 4) it was publicly available. At first we tried to use the EPIC model as a reference, but we found that the documentation left large gaps that only the source code could explain, and the source code was so difficult to follow that to understand it we had to translate it. So one of us spent nearly a year translating nearly the entire EPIC model from FORTRAN to C++. In retrospect, translating the whole EPIC model was a wrong turn for two main reasons.
 - EPIC emphasizes water and wind erosion very strongly, and devotes a lot of complex code to detailed simulations of water movement and runoff. But in a small garden, erosion is not important enough to merit all that attention. On the other hand, simulating home gardening does require a fairly complex plant growth model, to harvest individual cucumbers, for example; but the EPIC plant growth model is very simple and has major gaps (no flowering model, for example). So we spent a lot of time translating source code that we didn't need, and had to write a lot of code that EPIC didn't have.
 - EPIC, like most agricultural models in FORTRAN, is extremely difficult to read and understand from a programmer's point of view. And the EPIC source code is about 17,000 lines of FORTRAN. In addition, our backgrounds were not in soil science, so we were learning as we went. The result is that even after translating EPIC and modifying it for the home garden, we still understand it only incompletely and feel that our adaptation of it is barely adequate.
We also made some other mistakes along the way, including: 1) using Windows instead of the Macintosh (we knew the Mac better but went with Windows because of the larger market); 2) using Delphi instead of Smalltalk (which is better suited for creating simulations) because of licensing fees; 3) being too ambitious about what to include in our first version (we should have started smaller); 4) doing too little user testing; and 5) working in too much isolation.
What we've got now
Version 1.0 of Garden with Insight is finally complete, but it is neither as accurate, comprehensive, or easy to use as we had hoped. For these reasons, we think it will have a small market. It doesn't fit well into any existing niches: it's not a simple program, or a modeling environment, or a database, or a game, or a garden planner. While we think the program has merit as a microworld, that niche is not very well developed. Nor is the program extendible enough (e.g., via a built-in programming language) to be a true microworld.
People tend to have specific expectations about software based on other products on the market that appear similar on the surface. In talking with people, we have frequently got these responses.
 - Home gardeners ask, "Will it help me plan my garden? Does it have [name of specific plant]?"
 - Teachers ask, "Will it fit into my restricted curriculum and short class periods?"
 - Kids ask, "Is it a game? How do you win?"
 - Academic researchers ask, "How can it be serious if it has a cute front end?"
 - Funding agencies and foundations ask, "Why should we give you money when you can just sell the product?"
Of course, these are stereotyped responses (and a lot of people do like the product for what it is). It would take a significant investment to shift these perceptions or address them in other ways (by splitting the product, for example). We could certainly address some of these issues by focusing the product more clearly, doing more user testing, writing a teachers' guide, and investing in some expensive marketing about the value of microworlds and the insights they provide. At the moment we don't have the resources to do these things. So the strategy we've adopted is to let the product slowly percolate through the culture on its own by making it freely available.
Possible plans
If we are able in the future to continue work on this project, we plan to create two new products, described as follows.
 - The first product would be a simple, appealing product that teaches organic gardening. This product would have a graphical interface somewhat like the garden window in the existing product, but would cover more of the gardening experience. Elements would include testing the soil, getting weather reports, trading with neighbors, getting advice from the library, selling produce in a market, dealing with insects and animals (both beneficial and pest), thinking about where food comes from and how it is produced, and seeing the long-term negative effects of pesticide use. The program's models would be very simple, probably combining rule-based systems and fuzzy logic with simple growth functions. We would use what we have learned in making the existing product to create these simplified models.
 - The second product would be a simulation development system for gardening, agriculture, and other scientific areas. One of the most important things we have learned while making this simulation is that we have learned more about gardening than anyone can learn while using our program, because we learned by writing the program. The logical extension of the existing program is a modeling environment where the user starts by constructing simple models, then progresses to more complex simulations. The modeling environment would include facilities for graphing and statistical analysis, and a debugger and source code control system. (Probably both of these next-generation products would be written in Smalltalk.)
The bottom line
Creating next-generation products based on Garden with Insight in the future is not incompatible with giving it away today. Actually, the name recognition from Garden with Insight may help us to raise funds or sell other educational simulations in the future. Also, we think the general benefit of releasing understandable source code based on EPIC will greatly outweigh the small private benefit to us of selling the product (and thus limiting distribution and use of the source code).
The licenses we have considered in releasing the program and source code are as follows:
 - an absolutely free public-domain license (redistribution and reuse are permitted in any form) like that used with Python;
 - a license that permits redistribution of the source code but only if changes to the base system are made available to all (like the Apple educational object economy license for Squeak Smalltalk);
 - a General Public License (GPL), or copyleft, where redistribution is permitted and all work done using the code must also be redistributable (see the GNU GPL web site for details);
 - a license like that used with Inform (an interactive fiction authoring system) where you can use the source code but cannot redistribute it with any substantial changes; and
 - a license that allows anyone to download the source code from our web site but only use it on one computer and never redistribute it in any form.
We have chosen the GNU General Public License because we want to preserve the possibility of third parties licensing the code from us for their own commercial efforts, and also because we want an open evolving system for researchers and educators to improve (and the GPL forces university researchers to keep their improvements public).
In conclusion
Just because we have decided to use the GPL for this version doesn't mean we think people shouldn't charge for (or pay for) software. When people pay for software, they usually also get upgrades, technical support, printed documentation, and convenience. Still, we also think it would be nice if there were more free educational software supported by foundations, the government and schools, since education is a public good.
If you have any comments or suggestions about this document or about the Garden with Insight program, please email us.
Back to main Garden with Insight page


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- What is an example of interpret?
- How do you use interpret in a sentence?
- How do you analyze and interpret data?
- What does it mean to trend data?
- What are the three types of trend analysis?
- What are examples of trends?
- What are the 3 types of interpretation?
- How do you describe the trend of a graph?
- What is the difference between data analysis and interpretation?
- How do you interpret something?
- What makes something a trend?
What is an example of interpret?
Interpret is defined as to translate or explain what something means.
An example of interpret is a person using sign language to translate what someone is saying to a deaf person.
How do you use interpret in a sentence?
Interpret sentence examplesHe had no idea how to interpret the warning. … Uncertain how to interpret his quietness, she tried to figure out what to say. … Uncertain how to interpret the response, Deidre shook her head and faced the portal. … Others more broadly interpret the concept of securing life, liberty, and property.More items…
How do you analyze and interpret data?
Data Interpretation Methods Summary List & TipsCollect your data and make it as clean as possible.Choose the type of analysis to perform: qualitative or quantitative, and apply the methods respectively to each.Qualitative analysis: observe, document and interview notice, collect and think about things.More items…•
What does it mean to trend data?
What is Trend Analysis? Trend analysis is a technique used in technical analysis that attempts to predict the future stock price movements based on recently observed trend data. Trend analysis is based on the idea that what has happened in the past gives traders an idea of what will happen in the future.
What are the three types of trend analysis?
Consumer or market trend analysis can be categorized into three types: geographic, which is analyzing trends within a group that is defined by their geographic location; temporal, or analyzing trends over a specific period of time; and, intuitive, or analyzing trends based on demographic and behavioral patterns and/or …
What are examples of trends?
An example of trend is when the number of murders in a city reduce downward. The definition of a trend is a general direction or something popular. An example of trend is a northern moving coastline. An example of trend is the style of bell bottom jeans.
What are the 3 types of interpretation?
The three modes of interpretation are: simultaneous interpretation, consecutive interpretation, and sight translation.
How do you describe the trend of a graph?
A trend is the general direction in which something is developing or changing over time. A projection is a prediction of future change. Trends and projections are usually illustrated using line graphs in which the horizontal axis represents time.
What is the difference between data analysis and interpretation?
Data collection is the systematic recording of information; data analysis involves working to uncover patterns and trends in datasets; data interpretation involves explaining those patterns and trends.
How do you interpret something?
interpretto give or provide the meaning of; explain; explicate; elucidate: to interpret the hidden meaning of a parable.to construe or understand in a particular way: to interpret a reply as favorable.to bring out the meaning of (a dramatic work, music, etc.) … to perform or render (a song, role in a play, etc.)
What makes something a trend?
A trend is an idea, activity, philosophy, or action that is constantly changing over time. For your brand to keep up with trends, it is important to evolve as your market evolves. Remember that whether you're talking about fashion, design, aesthetics, products, or anything else, people make trends.


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Why is my baby's first four teeth green in colour?
Q: My baby's first four teeth are green in colour? Some people says that it might be as a result of night feeding, is this true? Please help. She is eleven months old and was admitted to a hospital as soon as she was born because she contacted hospital infection at UCH and later her PCV went down. She was transfused before she was discharged.
A:Green teeth could be because of the infection and medicines at time of birth. It is important to see a Dentist so that he check if it this or it cavities. If they are cavities then fillings would be needed.


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Nose ring, ornament inserted through different parts of the nose for personal adornment and used sometimes to signify social rank. Nose ornaments have been found especially among people in India, New Guinea, Polynesia, the pre-Columbian Americas, Australia, and parts of Africa.
Sometimes, the ala, or wing of the nose, and the septum are perforated. Often, only a small hole is made through the septum; but the hole can also be big enough for a finger to be passed through. Not only gold and jewels are worn in the nose: in New Guinea, especially among the Tuburi and the Solomon Islanders, the men wear great pointed sticks or the tusks of wild pig through holes in the nose.


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This volume provides the reader with the updated state-of-the-art in the Modified Atmospheres field. It explains the Modified Atmospheres Method which is derived from the ancient Hermetic Storage Technique of keeping grain and seeds, which was practiced in Middle Eastern and other ancient cultures. This unique work covers all aspects of the field and reveals new important, useful information. This interesting publication is a valuable guidebook for all involved in postharvest agriculture, such as agronomists, horticulturists, extension officers and teachers at agricultural schools. It is also an important reference source for entomologists, postharvest fruit pathologists and physiologists, as well as agricultural engineers, food scientists, and food technologists.
CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERES FOR STORAGE of GRAINS and THEIR PRODUCTS. Introduction. Air Tight Storage: Principle and Practice. Effect of Modified Atmospheres on Insect and Mites Infesting Stored Products. Modified Atmosphere for Preventing Molds and Mycotoxin Production in Stored Grain. Conservation of Humid Grain in Controlled Atmosphere Storage. Controlled Atmospheres for the Preservation of Tree Nuts and Dried Fruits. Comparative Advantages of High-CO2 and Low-Oxygen Types of Controlled Atmospheres. The Effect of Controlled Atmospheres on Grain Quality. Advances in the Practical Application of Controlled Atmosphere for the Preservation of Grain in Australia. MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE of FRUITS and VEGETABLES. Historical Aspects and Perspectives of Controlled Atmosphere Storage. Physiological and Biochemical Effects of Controlled-Atmosphere on Fruits and Vegetables. Ethylene Effects in Controlled Atmosphere Storage of Horticultural Crops. Postharvest Disease Suppression by Atmospheric Modifications. Controlled Atmosphere Storage of Apples and Pears. Controlled Atmosphere Storage of Some Tropical Fruits. Controlled Atmosphere Storage Requirements and Recommendations for Vegetables. Theory and Practice of Hypobaric Storage. Controlled Atmosphere Storage Facilities.
CRC Press eBooks are available through VitalSource. The free VitalSource Bookshelf® application allows you to access to your eBooks whenever and wherever you choose.The Bookshelf application offers access:


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- Felt Board Store
- Felt Board Stories
- Things We Do
- Catching Fireflies Printable Worksheets
Catching Fireflies Printable Worksheets
Catching Fireflies Worksheets Include: Color By Number, I Can Draw, Letter Find, Making Patterns, Match and Color, Puzzle Fun, Roll & Color, and Same or Different.
Take a Closer Look at What's Inside
- I Can Draw - (10) Traceable Shapes: Circles, Hearts, Squares, Rectangles, Stars, Moons, Doodles, Lines, & Triangles.
- Letter Find | Letter Recognition - (7) Beginning Sounds: C, F, G, H, K, L, P.
- Making Patterns | Cut & Paste - (2) Printable Options
- Match and Color - (2) Printable Options
- Puzzle Fun | Cut and Match - (11)
- Roll & Color | Number Identification - (1) Printable Option
- Same or Different | - (1) Printable Options
For best print results, print on copy paper or a bright white card-stock for durability and vibrancy. Digital product comes in 300 dpi. You may choose to use an office supply store like Staples for higher print quality. For product longevity, simply laminate and voila you have a long-lasting teacher resource!


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Mercury Based Fixatives
Mercurials contain mercuric chloride. Their method of tissue fixation is poorly understood. While not penetrating tissue well and causing some tissue hardness, mercurials are fast and provide excellent nuclear detail. They are commonly used to fix hematopoietic and reticuloendothelial tissues.
Alcohols, including methyl alcohol (methanol) and ethyl alcohol (ethanol), are sometimes used as fixatives. They tend not to be used routinely as they cause brittleness in tissue due to their dehydrating effect. However, they are very good for cytological smears because they act quickly and give good nuclear detail.
Oxidizing agents such as potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, and osmium tetroxide are powerful denaturants and are therefore of limited use. Osmium tetroxide is used most commonly in electron microscopy.
Picric Acid Fixatives
Foremost among the picrate based fixatives is Bouin's solution. Its mechanism of action is unknown. Like the mercurials, they give good nuclear detail but with less brittleness of tissue.
NEXT TOPIC: Factors Affecting Fixation