text:
When you cannot install network printer on Windows 7, most of the time it is driver incompatibility. This article aims to help you with fixing the issues by offering some troubleshooting steps.
Cannot Install Network Printer on Windows 7 – Common Reason
The problem where you cannot install a network printer to Windows 7 is caused by incompatible driver. Most printer manufacturers still to come up with compatible printer driver for older printers and Windows 7. The problem – you can't install network printers on Windows 7 – even more if you are using a 64 bit operating system. While most companies are trying to provide updated drivers, Microsoft gave some workarounds also. This article discusses some workarounds as you install and use the network printer in Windows 7.
Note: Before moving ahead, you may want to contact your printer vendor to see if they have compatible drivers. If they have, you can go ahead and see if you can install network printer on Windows 7.
Using the TCP/IP Port to Set Up Network Printer
Before using this tip, you need to download different versions of the printer drivers to different folders in your computer. Once you download the different drivers for the same printer, follow these steps:
- Open Devices and Printers in Control Panel.
- Click on Add Printer.
- Select Install a Local Printer (This may sound weird as we are talking about network printer – but the workaround may work).
- In the window that appears, choose standard TCP/IP Port (the LPT port to which the printer is connected).
- Clicking on Next will take you to a window that presents you with models of printers. Instead, click on Have Disk and browse for the downloaded version of driver.
- Select one of the drivers and close the Add Printer wizard.
- See if the Printer is visible on the network after you set up sharing. To know about sharing a printer on Windows 7 network, please read step 5 in our article – "Add a Printer on Windows 7″.
- If the printer is visible, you are done. If not, repeat steps 1 to 7 in this article to choose a different printer driver that you downloaded. Repeat the steps until you find a driver that works.
In most cases, this tip helps. Unfortunately, if this workaround does not help, please try the next tip that involves registry editing.
Using Registry When You Cannot Install Network Printer on Windows 7
Note: The following involves making changes to the Windows registry. Please create a System Restore point or use one of the best registry backup methods so that you can rollback in case anything goes wrong. Though the linked article is written with XP in mind, it also applies to Windows 7.
Microsoft says that sometimes you cannot install a network printer on Windows 7 because the corresponding registry value may be corrupt. Please note that the following
This issue occurs because the following registry subkey on the print server contains invalid data:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Print\Environments\Windows NT x86\Drivers\Version-3\ \Previous Names
To troubleshoot, follow these steps:
- Press Windows Key + R to open the Run Dialog box.
- Type in Regedit in the Run dialog box to open the Registry Editor.
- Locate the above key by expanding each key until you reach Driver Name. Note that the Driver Name in the Registry subkey is the name of the printer that you wish to share on the network.
- Search for Previous Names in the right pane and see if the value is NULL, begins with NULL, or ends with NULL. If the value contains NULL, the key is corrupt.
- Double click on the Previous Names and change the data to (7):00,00.
- Close the Registry Editor.
Reboot the computer and see if you can now use the printer. If you still cannot install network printer on Windows 7, you need to contact Microsoft Customer Care.


Frozen Pinewood River
Frozen Pinewood River
by Jakub
submit your photo
Hall of Fame
View past winners from this year
Please participate in Meta
and help us grow.
Take the 2-minute tour ×
Why is on sensor PDAF drastically slower than traditional PDAF? I assume the technology is the same, doesn't matter if the module is on the sensor or located behind a mirror. But the performance is not even close.
share|improve this question
add comment
2 Answers
up vote 5 down vote accepted
The technology in theory is similar, but the implementation isn't exactly the same.
Without knowing exactly which model, or even which manufacturer made your camera, it is difficult to be very specific. There's a large difference in performance between different models and lenses.
It always starts with light, so let's begin there. The amount of light used by each pixel of an on-sensor PDAF array is much less than the amount of light used by each pixel of a dedicated PDAF array.
 - The dedicated PDAF sensor pixels are several times the size of, and thus more sensitive than, the pixels in the image sensor. The light falling on them is gathered from an even wider area through the use of the splitter and micro-lenses between the reflex mirror and the focus array.
 - The pixels in most cameras with on-sensor PDAF have a Bayer filter or other form of color filter over the light wells. This means two thirds of the light that falls onto a pixel doesn't make it into the light well. Traditional PDAF sensors are monochromatic, so there is no need for any color filters.
 - Getting the data from the sensor is another potential speed bump. Since the data from a dedicated PDAF sensor is gathered from lines only a single pixel wide, the data can be read more quickly than that coming off a full sensor that is also being used for metering and possibly WB computation as well.
 - Most cameras with PDAF use a hybrid form that includes elements of both PDAF and CDAF. Any CDAF system requires more stages than a PDAF system as it is a "move and measure" system that repeats the process until it finds the distance that produces the most contrast. A PDAF system can measure once, determine how far and in which direction the lens is out of focus, and then move the lens. A CDAF system must take at least two measurements to determine which direction to move the lens to get more contrast, and then must sample until the lens has moved past focus and contrast begins to fall off.
 - The half-silvered portion of the main mirror that all light falling on a dedicated PDAF sensor array must pass through does reduce the light by 50%, but even with this loss the dedicated sensor is still getting much more light per pixel for the same amount of light entering an equivalent lens.
Having said all of that, I highly suspect another big reason for the difference lies in the design of the lenses attached to the respective cameras. With traditional DSLRs, PDAF speed can vary quite a bit on the same body depending on the lens being used. The focus motors on lenses designed for the typical on-sensor PDAF cameras are more comparable to consumer grade DSLR lenses, and even fixed lenses on bridge cameras, than to higher end DSLR lenses. Overall design, weight of the elements being moved, the size and type of motor used to move the lens, and the firmware that controls it all have an influence on the overall speed and accuracy of the lens' mechanical focus system. If the on-sensor PDAF camera is even capable of interchangeable lenses, there may be faster lenses (aperture and focus drive) available for a premium. Remember that aperture is figured on actual, not effective, focal length. Some of the cameras in question, like the Fuji X100S, have APS-C sized sensors. When this is the case the aperture sizes are comparable to lenses used on APS-C DSLRs. But other cameras like the Nikon 1 series have 1" sensors with barely half the linear dimensions and less than 1/3 the surface area of an APS-C sensor, not to mention that they are dwarfed by the 7.5X larger 36X24mm full frame sensors. When comparing the lenses for these cameras, the absolute size of the diaphragm is smaller for a given f-number and angle of view because the focal length for that same angle of view is shorter. The mass of the optics in such lenses is less than that of more typical faster focusing DSLR lenses, but the space available for the motor that drives the movement of those optics is also much less.
Thanks to jrista for the information in his comments regarding this answer. Much of the correct information on this heavily revised answer is his. All of the mistakes are mine. B-)
share|improve this answer
I also suspect that on-sensor PDAF has fewer and less sensitive focus points compared to the dedicated sensors. I fully expect on-sensor PDAF to improve quickly though, possibly approaching the performance of the dedicated sensor, at least in good light. – Chinmay Kanchi May 2 '13 at 17:23
The number of focus points doesn't affect speed that much. In fact the more points there are, the more data has to be processed before the camera makes a decision. This is offset by the fact that the cameras with the most focus points generally also have the most powerful processors. It is mainly about the amount of light and the speed of the mechanics of the focus system in the lenses. – Michael Clark May 2 '13 at 17:26
According to your answer, on sensor PDAF is unlikely to improve? It will never be monochromatic? – erotsppa May 2 '13 at 17:31
Good answer. The one thing I strongly suspect that affects on-sensor PDAF is that the distance between measuring sites is too tight. With a dedicated sensor, the distance between sites measuring phase are spread at irregular intervals which depend on the maximum aperture they are able to focus with. – Itai May 2 '13 at 17:38
An article I read on dpReview says they are green on the Fuji X100S. – Michael Clark May 3 '13 at 7:40
show 8 more comments
Traditional phase detect autofocus system runs mainly in an open loop configuration: take measurement, send focus distance to lens. Contrast detect autofocus is closed loop, it has to take a contrast measurement, move the lens, take a contrast measurement, move lens etc. which is clearly much slower.
The reason phase detect on sensor isn't nearly as fast as a dedicated phase detect unit is simply that it isn't accurate enough to use in open loop mode, so the camera has to take several measurements to fine tune the focus.
The reason for the difference is accuracy is that a dedicated phase detect system has a series of lenses to direct the incoming light to two pixel arrays that are wide apart in order to measure the difference in phase and therefore the angle of incidence which tells you how far out the plane of focus is.
Phase detect on sensor uses a series of special pixels that have have an opaque mask over one half. By measuring the difference in light reading from pixels which have the left side blacked out compared to those which have the right side blacked out you get a measure of the angle of incidence but it's not very accurate as the height of the microlens above the pixel is small, leading to a much shorter baseline. Baseline is key to accuracy, imagine shutting one eye and trying to judge the distance of something by moving your head, if you can only move your head a tiny amount it's very hard.
share|improve this answer
At least on Fuji's version, the pixels used are filtered for green. This article quotes Mr. Yamashita of Fuji regarding the design of the sensor. – Michael Clark May 3 '13 at 7:48
_USER_ fair enough, I'm sure a saw something from another manufacturer stating they used clear filters for those pixels. – Matt Grum May 3 '13 at 8:19
re: monochromatic pixels on some on-sensor PDAF cameras. I think I have too, but I couldn't find it today. I think the Nikon 1 series uses green also, but I've too many photos to edit right now to look for it. – Michael Clark May 3 '13 at 8:26
+1 for explaining how on-sensor PDAF does baseline and 'phase' measurement – Kaushik Ghose Oct 10 '13 at 19:18
add comment
Your Answer


The visual search engine Google Lens is Google's future
Google notified about Google lens at I/O 2017, providing us a preview of the new software, before proceeding with the announcement of the Pixel 2, and Pixel 2 XL, its latest handsets launched in October 2017, with android as its operating system. So, if you wish to know where Google is headed, look through Google Lens.
What is Google Lens? Google Lens is an Artificial Intelligence-powered technology that employs smartphone camera and deep machine learning that not only identifies an object but understands what it recognizes and provides information based on the same or related things.
What can Google lens do?
Google lens uses the camera on a Pixel phone to scan various items, documents, text and provide relevant information about what it sees. For example, if you point your phone at something, like a pen, you'll not only be provided with the answer but also will be provided with ideas based on the object it sees, like the nearby stationery shop in case of a pen. Google Pixel can help you with-
1. Plants and Flowers: Just by viewing through your phone's camera, it can tell you what species a flower is, and based on the object, it can also suggest you about the nearest florist.
2. Complexpasswords: It can read a complicated Wi-Fi password through your phone's camera and automatically log you into the network by scanning the password on the rear of the router.
3. Buildings, Landmarks, Places: It can offer you reviews and information about the retail store or restaurant, cafes, bars, clubs across the street if you just flash your camera over the physical location. It will provide you with a pop-up window showing reviews, opening times, address details which are helpful in a considerable manner.
4. Posters, Movies, Books: It also provides details about a recently released movie by its poster. You can know about the reviews and based on it you can decide whether to watch it or not.
5. Barcodes: With your Google Assistant and Google Lens, You can quickly look for products by barcode, or simply scan QR codes.
Besides, it helps you with the landmarks, books, art, movies, etc. To be precise, Google Lens scans photos you've saved or snapped and gives additional information about the same.
What apps will Google Lens function with?
1. Google Assistant:
At the start, Google Lens will be executed by Google Assistant and Google Photos. Other Google apps will gradually follow which we are yet to know what they would be.
For example: Within Google Assistant, users can tap the Google Lens icon in the bottom right-hand corner, focus their smartphone camera at show time outside a cinema. You'll then be provided with numerous suggestions in the viewfinder, like a song from the artist picked up from the information board, get tickets for the event, or may add the event to your calendar. Google lens is really convenient because you will be able to get information and numbers without having about.
2. Google Photos:
Google Lens will be able to identify the buildings or landmarks within Google photos, a sign, a product, a poster, etc attempting to provide more information to users like directions about it. Not only that, Google Lens will provide information on famous work of art as well. We hope, maybe it will resolve the debate about Mona Lisa's smile too.
When will Google Lens Arrive?
Google Lens as a part of Google Assistant will officially be available to all Android users. It was revealed at the launch of the Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XLavailable from late October, but there is no news when Google lens will be coming to other Android users. Google Lens in the Assistant is available in all Pixel phones set to English in the U.S., U.K., India, Canada, Australia, and Singapore. Once you receive the update, go to your Google Assistant on your mobile device on your phone and tap the Google Lens icon in the bottom right corner.
Now, with the help of the Google Assistant, Google Lens will help you explore and learn about the world around you. Since it is also available in Google Photos, so once you click the picture, you can continue to explore and get more information about what's there in your photo. So, have a happy learning.


text:
Let S be a set with n elements. Show:
If an (n is subscript) equals the number of subsets of S then an+1 (n+1 is subscript) = 2an (n is subscript)
Use this to prove by induction that an (n is subscript) = 2^n
If S contains n+ 1 members, choose one of them and call it "a". Removing that from S leaves you with set T that has n members and so, a(n) members.
Now note that every member of S either contains "a" or it doesn't. If it doesn't, it is one of the a(n) subsets of T. If it does, then it is one of the subsets of T with "a" addedthere are still a(n) such subsets. Together there are a(n)+ a(n)= 2a(n) subsets of S.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
William Paine Lord
|William Paine Lord|
|9th Governor of Oregon|
January 14, 1895 – January 9, 1899
|Preceded by||Sylvester Pennoyer|
|Succeeded by||T. T. Geer|
July 1, 1838|
|Died||February 17, 1911
San Francisco, California
William Paine Lord (July 1, 1838 – February 17, 1911), was a Republican politician who served as the ninth Governor of Oregon from 1895 to 1899. The Delaware native previously served as the 27th associate justice on the Oregon Supreme Court, including three times as the Chief Justice of that court. After serving as governor he was appointed as an ambassador to Argentina in South America and later helped to codify Oregon's laws.
Early life
Born to Edward and Elizabeth (Paine) Lord in Dover, Delaware, Lord was partially deaf, and had limited speaking ability. He received his primary education at a Quaker school and through private tutoring. He subsequently studied law at Fairfield College, graduating in 1860. Before he could continue further into his studies, Lord volunteered for military service in the American Civil War, advancing to the rank of Major in the 1st Delaware Cavalry in the Union Army of the Potomac.
Once the war ended, Lord continued in law school at Albany College in New York, graduating there in 1866. He then returned to the military for a second time, re-enlisting at the rank of lieutenant. His duties would include postings at Alcatraz in San Francisco and Fort Steilacoom near Tacoma, Washington. When the United States took formal possession of Alaska in 1867, Lt. Lord was sent to Sitka. In 1868, Lord resigned from the army in order to set up a law practice in Salem, Oregon.
Entry into politics
William Paine Lord soon became involved in politics, as he became Salem's City Attorney in 1870. This launched him into his first elected office: a state Senate seat in 1878. He resigned his Senate seat for a successful run as the Republican nominee for Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court. Lord served on the court from 1880 until 1894. He was a popular justice and had a reputation of being the most competent Jurist in state history, serving out his last term as Chief Justice.
He accepted the Republican nomination for the 1894 Governor's Election, stepping down from the court after his gubernatorial election victory.
Governor Lord's popularity swept him into the Governor's Office. He immediately set out to support higher education, eliminate corruption from land speculators, and fueled support for the direct election of United States Senators, when the Senate refused to seat Henry W. Corbett, Lord's appointee. In 1895, the University of Oregon conferred an honorary doctorate of laws degree on the governor.
He promoted ending the corrupt land speculation practices of the time by creating the State Land Board, headed by an official State Land Agent. The present land-use system protecting Oregon's wildlife and fisheries would evolve from this early agency.
Lord also called for a constitutional amendment to the Oregon Constitution allowing the Governor a line item veto. While nothing came of this during his term of office, later governors would support Lord's proposal. The line item veto was finally approved in 1916.
Lord lost his bid for a second term, in the closely fought 1898 primary election campaign against fellow Republican Theodore T. Geer.
Later life
Shortly after leaving the Governor's Office, Lord was appointed the U.S. Minister (Ambassador) to Argentina by the Mc Kinley Administration. He served in that capacity until 1902, after which he returned to Oregon.
In 1902, William Paine Lord was appointed as Code Commissioner by the Supreme Court of Oregon. In this position, which he held until 1910, he examined and annotated all existing Oregon Statute Laws, compiling them into three volumex, Lord's Oregon Laws – officially the Oregon Statute Code of 1909.
- University of Oregon. 1908. General Register of the Officers and Alumni _PHONE_. Eugene, Or.: The University. p.28.
- "William Paine Lord". Find A Grave. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
- Oregon State Library
- Oregon State Archive bio
- Klooster, Karl. Round the Roses II: More Past Portland Perspectives, pg. 111, 1992 ISBN 0-_PHONE_-1-6
- Oregon Governor William Lord from Oregon Magazine
- Findagrave memorial
- Oregon State Archives: Lord Administration-Photo, bio, records, and some public speeches of Governor Lord
Reuben P. Boise
|27th Associate Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court
Charles E. Wolverton
James K. Kelly
|11th Chief Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court
1878–1880, 1886–1888, 1892–1894
Robert S. Bean
William I. Buchanan
|United States Minister Resident, Argentina
February 14, 1900 – March 27, 1903


text:
Today we'll address the fourth of our proposed Stage 3 objectives, "CPOE" (Computerized Provider/Physician Order Entry). As a reminder, the complete Stage 3 proposed rule can be downloaded here.
CPOE (Page 81)
- 3 Measures; All three must be met
- Medication Orders
- Laboratory Orders
- Diagnostic Imaging Orders
- Thresholds: 80% Med Orders; 60% Lab Orders; 60% Imaging Orders
This objective includes additional metrics (and higher thresholds) when compared to the similar Stage 2 metric (which did not include diagnostic imaging orders).
- CMS defers to the provider's discretion to determine which staff members are appropriate to enter the three order types. They do note that staff entering orders must have the requisite clinical training and knowledge required, and that providers should ensure they (and their staff) are complying with all appropriate Federal and State statutes when determining who is qualified to enter orders.
- However, CMS further elaborates by stating that a layperson is not qualified to perform order entry, and that if the individual entering the order is not licensed, that they must receive direct supervision by a licensed professional.
- Once again, this should be a very familiar and "comfortable" metric for all EPs and EHs.
- Exclusions are still available for EPs ordering <100 orders of each type during the reporting period.
- "Protocol" or "Standing" orders may be excluded from this objective (this is an option for the provider), although this may not be a "blanket" exclusion for patients presenting with a specific diagnosis or symptom.
- There are 3 measures, each with different thresholds, and all three must be met in order to satisfy the objective:
- Medication Orders (80% threshold)
- Laboratory Orders (60% threshold)
- Diagnostic Imaging Orders (60% threshold)
- Paper orders do not count for CPOE, even if they are transferred to CEHRT at a later time.
- Thresholds have been increased from those of Stage 2
- Similar to our concerns with how CMS has calculated thresholds for ePrescribing, CMS has relied on reported results for Stage 2 in order to set new thresholds for this Stage 3 Objective. Given that these results only sample those who have attested, using Stage 2 results may not be an appropriate harbinger for Stage 3 performance, and may result in thresholds that are set inappropriately high for Stage 3.
Objective 5–Patient Electronic Access to Health Information.
Thanks for reading, and see you next time!

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Dzi bead
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Dzi bead
Modern 'new' dzi beads made from etched agate
Chinese name
Hanyu Pinyin tiānzhū
Literal meaning heaven pearls
Tibetan name
Tibetan གཟི
The meaning of the Tibetan word "dzi" [གཟི།] translates to "shine, brightness, clearness, splendor." In Chinese, the bead is called "heaven's bead" or "heaven's pearl" (天珠).
Cinnabar dots as seen on an ancient dzi.
Some dzi beads sport what are referred to as "blood spots," which are tiny red dots in the white areas, indicative of iron content. This is highly desirable, but relatively rare.[citation needed] Another desirable effect is "Nāga skin," in which the surface of the bead exhibits tiny circular weathering marks that resemble scales. Some dzi beads are simply polished agate, with no other decoration than the natural banding of the stone.
The number of "eyes," circular designs on the stone, is considered significant. The symbolic meaning of these beads is based on the number and arrangement of the dots. The highest number of eyes on ancient dzi is twelve. One thirteen-eye bead has been reported from a Taiwanese collector but its authenticity has not been confirmed. Dzi beads with more than twelve eyes are considered non-traditional. Any accompanying story or benefit tale is assumed to be fake as well, and a mere marketing strategy for the lucrative feng shui item market.
Although the geographic origin of dzi beads is uncertain, it is accepted that they are now called "Tibetan beads," just like "Tibetan coral," which also came to Tibet from elsewhere. Tibetans cherish these beads and consider them hereditary gems. In this way they have survived thousands of years, being worn by hundreds of individual people. Dzi are found primarily in Tibet, but also in neighbouring Bhutan, Nepal, Ladakh and Sikkim.[citation needed]
Since knowledge of the bead is derived from several differing oral traditions, the beads have provoked controversy regarding their source, their method of manufacture and even their precise definition.[citation needed] In Tibetan culture these beads are believed to attract local protectors, dharmapalas or deities or maybe beneficial ghosts, ancestors or even bodhisattvas. Because of this, dzi beads are always treated with respect.[1]
New dzi[edit]
Due to the unknown origin of these beads and the high demand for them, there has been recent reproduction of dzi beads in Asia. The first (and best) replica dzi beads came from Taiwan during the 1990s. China has also produced some good-quality dzi beads over the last three years.[when?] However, the number of modern dzi that would be accepted as beautiful by the Tibetan community is very small, making these beads highly desirable.[citation needed]
A nice dzi should be made of good quality agate with the cutting, drilling and decorating taking many days. Modern methods and technology such as lasers, modern sugars and chemicals, and vacuum chambers can produce very good results.[2] The waxy appearance is still desirable but is sometimes lacking. Some especially well-made new dzi are accepted by Tibetans because it is safe to wear them in public since they look like ancient dzi. Some[who?] claim the new dzi function with the same efficacy as the old ones; others believe the protective energies of ancient dzi can move into a new dzi, if the stone is of the same quality or better and the two beads are kept together or when binding rituals are performed.[citation needed]
Imitation dzi[edit]
Some people would also call the modern machine-carved and machine-drilled, highly polished new dzi "mock dzi." Almost invariably mass-produced, these are available for less than two dollars, and are often sold by the strand. The etching on these cheap beads has been done very quickly, and the decorations do not penetrate into the inner core of the bead. These are usually targeted for sale to mainland Chinese customers as lucky feng shui charms.
Market value for ancient beads can easily reach into hundreds of thousands of US dollars - especially for beads with more "eyes." Tiny red cinnabar spots caused by iron inclusion in the agate also increase the value. New etched agate dzi are also highly prized as long as they are well made, contain the traditional patterns, and are made from genuine agate without "dragon skin" or "dragon veins," with a clean, clear look and luster and nicely simulated abrasion signs at the drill holes (these abrasions should slope upward, simulating thousands of years of thread abrasion). New dzi prices range from about ten to two thousand US Dollars, depending on quality and luster. Because of the high value placed on them, Tibetans would typically only part with an authentic dzi bead under very extreme circumstances, such as theft, confiscation by banks or government, or even murder. As a result, many Tibetans have started wearing reproduction dzi in public, out of fear of theft.[citation needed]
Similar beads[edit]
An ancient goat eye bead from a site in Warad-Sin, Iraq. This ancient Mesopotamian bead[3] is very similar to the Luk Mik beads used by Tibetans. Beads like these are also found in Afghanistan and Bactria.
Luk Mik-style and other striped agate beads strung together. Susa, western Iran, dating back to 300 BC. Many of these beads were recovered in Taxila and southern Mesopotamia.
Similar to dzi beads are the so-called chung dzi,[4] which have been imported to Tibet since ancient times. These can be plain, naturally banded[5] agate beads, or etched beads (often with black and white striped patterns). Some are carnelians or black agate with thin white etching patterns resembling the back of a turtle, which is an ancient pattern that dates back to the era of the Harappan Indus culture. Ancient Roman agate beads as well as etched Bactrian, Middle Eastern, Chinese, Afghan, Yemeni,[6] and Indian agate and carnelian beads made their way into Tibet. All these are considered chung dzi (in Tibetan, "chung" means ordinary or common). Chung dzi are believed to have similar properties to real "eyed" dzi; they are less valuable, but they are highly prized by Tibetans and also considered a variety of dzi.
Another similar type of bead is called Luk Mik ("goat's eye") - it is a naturally formed "one-eyed" coin-shaped[3] agate (pictured). Luk Mik are the preferred dzi for travelling in Tibet.
See also[edit]
Further reading[edit]
 - Ebbinghouse, David and Winsten, Michael (1988). "Tibetan dZi (gZi) Beads". The Tibet Journal 13 (1): pp. 38–56.
External links[edit]


text:
convert a linear recurrence into a differential equation
rectodiffeq(eqns, u(n), f(z))
single equation or set of equations
name; recurrence name
name; index of the recurrence u
name; function name
name; variable of the function z
The rectodiffeq(eqns, u(n), f(z)) command converts a linear recurrence into a differential equation.
Let f be the generating function associated with the sequence u(n) where fz=∑n=0∞unzn. The rectodiffeq function returns a linear differential equation with polynomial coefficients satisfied by f.
The input syntax is the same as for rsolve. The first argument is a single recurrence relation or a set containing one recurrence relation and boundary conditions. The recurrence relation is linear in the variable u, with polynomial coefficients in n. The terms of the sequence appearing in the relation should be of the form un+k, with k as an integer.
The function returns either a single differential equation, or a set containing a differential equation and initial conditions.
deq ≔ rectodiffeq5n+10un+aun+1−un+2,u0=0,u1=0,un,ft
deq ≔ rectodiffeqn−10un+1−un,un,yz
Download Help Document


Home / Adobe FrameMaker / Adobe FrameMaker: How to create a list of effective pages
Adobe FrameMaker: How to create a list of effective pages
by Barb Binder, Adobe Certified Instructor on FrameMaker
Updated: May 22, 2020
A List of Effective pages (aka LEP or LOEP) is a list of every page in a document along with the current revision number and the date of each page's revision. This is a common requirement for many of our FrameMaker students, and not a particularly fun part of their job. However, one of the fun parts of my job is helping my students solve their layout issues and this one came up yesterday. Up until these students attended our Advanced FrameMaker training class, they were updating their LEP manually, copying and pasting the revision numbers, one line at a time. Ouch.
Note: You can purchase a plug-in to automate this process from Steve Kubis at Silicon Prairie Software. As of the last update, a single-user license is US$30, and a site license is US$300. Please direct questions on the plug-in to
Setting up an LEP is a complex, multi-step process. The steps below detail how to set up your own LEP, using the tools found within unstructured FrameMaker (any version). Please note that this is a task for an advanced FrameMaker user: someone who is already comfortable using master pages, reference pages, variables, books and generated files.
Feel free to ask a specific question about the process using the form at the bottom of this post. I am also available for hourly, online coaching and can help you set up your own basic LEP in about an hour. See One-on-One Online Coaching.
1. Set up the running heads on the master pages
 1. In addition to the normal running heads in background frames, each chapter in your book will need to have an empty template frame with a flow tag that can accept the revision number and date on the body pages. You will need to add these frames to the master pages.
 2. Assign clear, concise paragraph style names to the running heads (i.e., Revision#Left and Revision#Right for the left and right pages). You will be generating a list of paragraphs using these paragraph styles.
 3. I recommend removing the auto-connect property from the template frames so that a novice FrameMaker user won't accidentally overset text in a frame and generate unintentional extra pages.
For information on using master pages, including defining template frames, see Adobe FrameMaker: Master Page Basics.
Here is an animation to show the process. Note that the page number and the words Rev. No and Date are in a background frame already. I am showing how to add a template frame that you can use to enter the revision numbers and dates on the body pages. For a double sided document, you would need to repeat the process for the left master page. Once you add the template frame to the master page, you can now type the revision numbers and dates in the template frame on each body page. These are the paragraphs I will collect in step 3.
Adobe FrameMaker: List of Effective Pages
2. Chapter numbering
 1. Set up your chapter numbers in the chapter files using Paragraph Designer > Numbering and the <$chapnum> building block.
 2. If you need words and not just numbers, assign the chapter numbers in the book window. For example, for the front and back matter, you can set a chapter number to use text by right-clicking the file in the book window, and choosing Numbering > Chapter > Format: Text. This is necessary to show TOC–1, or APP–1 (where TOC and APP are the chapter numbers) on the LEP.
For information on setting up chapter numbers with the Paragraph Designer, see Adobe FrameMaker: Numbered Headings and Adobe FrameMaker: Numbered Headings, Continued.
3. Add a List of Paragraphs
Next FrameMaker needs to collect the list of revision numbers and dates along with their page numbers via a generated file.
 1. Add a chronological List of Paragraphs (LOP) via the Insert menu in the book window, and reference the paragraph styles used on the running heads (i.e., Revision#Left and Revision#Right).
 2. Like all generated files, initially the text is presented without formatting. You will need to set up the columns, the paragraph styles for the LOP paragraphs and the all-important reference pages to control the presentation of the data. A typical LOP reference page might be formatted something like this:
 <$chapnum> – <$paratext>
 These building blocks will add the chapter number–page number in front of the revision numbers/dates automatically. The gap in front of <$paratext> might be handled via a tab stop. Depending on your formatting, you may need to rearrange these building blocks.
For information on working with generated files, see Adobe FrameMaker: What to know about working with generated files.
4. Add the revision dates and numbers manually, or with user variables
 1. Once the running heads, the chapter numbers and the generated LOP file are all working, you can begin entering the document edits.
 2. As each page is update, you will need to update the empty template frame in the running head with the current revision number/date on the body pages. This is most easily accomplished by setting up a user variable in the Variables panel, and adding the variable to the empty template frame in the running head. Alternatively, you can just type in the new dates and revision numbers manually.
For more information on working with variables, see Adobe FrameMaker: Variables.
5. Update the list when you update your book
When the edits are complete and the running heads are up to date, you can simply update your book, and along with the generated files. FrameMaker will scan all of the pages of all of the chapters in your book, and collect the latest page and revision numbers/dates. If you have everything set up correctly, you are done!
Leave a Reply to Patrick Little Cancel reply
8 thoughts on "Adobe FrameMaker: How to create a list of effective pages
 1. I find FM difficult enough to use as it is what does not help is its own manual clearly assuming some kind of prior knowledge. I can't even find a button to centre text – how on earth can it be called a publishing tool and not have simple, word like, buttons for formatting text…????? All I need is a list of effective pages saved as an.fm file I can include with the rest of the file, which is smashed in to bits but stored as a.book. None of the above makes any sense at all.
 1. Hi Huw,
 Unlike most of the FrameMaker tutorials on this site—which are step-by-step and include images—this one is meant to be an outline of the process and geared towards for my advanced students. You will find this note in the third paragraph: "Please note that this is a task for an advanced FrameMaker user: someone who is already comfortable using master pages, reference pages, variables, books and generated files."
 I highly recommend attending a FrameMaker training class, or two. I can't speak for all instructors, but on the first day of our classes you will learn how to control both paragraph and character formatting, including how to center text.
 FrameMaker is not an intuitive application and I don't think it ever will be. I highly encourage you to start at the beginning, and work your way up to the task described on this page.
 I wish you the best,
 2. Barb …. thanks for all the great content you have posted. You have a gift for explaining how to use the program.
 I am working on a List of Effective Pages for a book and am stuck on a minor detail. When I try to build the LOEP using Insert>List of>Paragraphs and insert the paragraph tag for the revision number, it does not show up on the Body Page. Instead, the filename is printed twice.
 The reference page looks like the following with 'RevDateText' as the paragraph tag for the revision date. Thanks for any insight you can provide.
 r/ Patrick
 openXmlElementId :
 openObjectId :
 1. Hi Patrick:
 Those two lines (openXmlElementID and openObjectId) control the hyperlinks that are built into the generated files.
 When you add the paragraph style to the LOP (RevDateText), that should initially produce
 <$paratext> <$pagenum>
 on the LOP reference page. It will automatically be tagged RevDateTextLOP.
 If that line isn't there, there is a problem adding the style to the LOP Setup dialog box.
 1. Barb … thank you for the clarification. I am missing a small point. Most likely, I do not have the running head set up correctly. When I add the frame to the master page footer and select 'template frame with flow tag', I am unable to insert the cursor and 'insert header & footer'.
 How full is your schedule? I am open to some online 'coaching' to clean this up, as it will save hours in the long run. Unfortunately, I am on a tight schedule and have to finish this up by the end of the day tomorrow (Wed). 🙁 If that is unworkable, perhaps I can get your assistance for the next version.
 Thanks again for your assistance! r/ Patrick
 3. Hi


text:
Meeting the water quality challenges
49. The revised Bathing Water Directive significantly increases the water quality standards which we need to meet. Four new classifications are introduced - Excellent, good, sufficient, and poor, based on concentrations of bacteria (intestinal enterococci and Escherichia coli) found in the water. The good standard is broadly equivalent to the existing guideline standard.
50. Member States are required to ensure that by 2015 all bathing waters are of at least sufficient standard, and that appropriate measures are taken to increase the numbers of bathing waters classified as excellent or good. Classification is based on four years' worth of data, which means that results from 2012 onwards will be used in the 2015 classification.
51. Applying data from recent years against these criteria suggests that up to one-third of currently designated bathing waters in Scotland might be classified as poor. This is not only dependent on the quality of the water, but also on whether or not appropriate management actions are taken. A number of samples can be discounted in each year - the revised Directive allows up to 15% of samples to be disregarded - provided that the pollution is short-term, the failure was predicted and that authorities advised bathers appropriately. Most bathing waters which currently meet the guideline standards of the existing Directive are expected to meet the criteria for classification as excellent under the new Directive.
52. The area most at risk of having its bathing waters classified as poor is the South-West of Scotland. Whilst this can be partly ascribed to sewers in need of upgrading, a larger, and less tractable problem is that of diffuse pollution from agriculture. This is currently a particular problem in the South-West, where dairy farming is relatively intense.
53. The Scottish Executive intends to use measures and mechanisms which are either already in place or are currently being developed to tackle these problems.
Identifying risks to compliance
54. As a first step, and at an early stage in the process of implementing the new Directive, SEPA will be asked to identify risks to compliance at each bathing water. It is important to do this quickly, so that these risks can be included in the interim report of significant water management issues in each river basin district. This report is due to be published in 2007 as part of the River Basin Management Planning process associated with the Water Framework Directive.
55. This report will inform River Basin Management Plans and the bathing water profiles required by the revised Bathing Water Directive (see section'Revised Bathing Water Directive - Meeting the public participation and information provision challenges').
Point source pollution
56. The Water Environment (Controlled Activities) (Scotland) Regulations 2005 ( CAR) come into force on 1 April 2006, and will be the primary means by which activities that may influence water quality will be authorised. Bathing waters are recognised as "protected areas" under the CAR regime, and therefore SEPA will need to take risks to compliance into consideration when determining applications for authorisations of any point sources of pollution.
Diffuse pollution from agriculture
57. The Scottish Executive is currently consulting on measures to reduce diffuse pollution from agriculture. We are proposing that national General Binding Rules be introduced to ensure that all farmers adopt a basic level of good practice. These General Binding Rules will be mainly drawn from existing guidelines, and so should prove to be a light-touch form of regulation for those farmers who have already adopted this good practice.
58. Where the national GBRs prove to be insufficiently effective at reducing diffuse pollution, then further targeted measures may be taken by requiring higher levels of authorisation under the CAR regime. In particular, we are also proposing that from 2008, targeted General Binding Rules ( GBRs) will be applied in areas where there is a high risk of pollution.
59. However, measures to reduce diffuse pollution will not just be regulatory. The content of tier three of the Executive's Land Management Contracts scheme for farmers is due to be finalised in 2006. This should contain some measures to encourage farmers to invest in measures designed to reduce diffuse pollution. The results of the recent pilot projects will be valuable here. However, it is likely that the funds available for such schemes will be limited.
60. Diffuse pollution from agriculture is also a cause for concern with regards to compliance with other directives, such as the Water Framework Directive and the Nitrates Directive. Farmers will continue to be encouraged to adopt good practice, as outlined in documents such as the Four Point Plan, the Farm Soils Plan and the PEPFAA Code ( _URL_ ).
61. Further evaluation of the various farm pilot projects is ongoing. This will provide data on the extent to which measures tested in these projects are effective.
62. The biogas and composting project has also modelled various scenarios for using this technology, including farm based plants and community based plants in both a traditional grazing scenario and a zero grazing scenario. Early indications are that adopting a zero grazing approach might provide the necessary economic conditions to make the biogas plants viable. Careful consideration of the conclusions of the research will be necessary.
Scottish Water investment
63. In February 2005, Scottish Ministers announced the objectives they wish Scottish Water to meet in the next investment programme, Quality and Standards 3. This Programme will run from 2006 to 2014 and will continue the work of modernising and improving the water and sewerage services in Scotland. These objectives include improvements to some 64 km of bathing waters to meet the microbiological standards of the Bathing Water Directive 76/160/EC. The Ministers' statement can be found on the Executive's website at _URL_
64. The requirements of the revised Directive were not agreed at the time of planning the Q&S 3 investment programme. With the new requirements in mind, it is likely that the Scottish Executive, SEPA and Scottish Water will need to consider the implications for the water industry. Once this has been done, it will then be possible to determine if any changes need to be made to Ministers' objectives for the second part of the Q&S 3 programme post-2010.
Bathing water quality sampling
65. The revised Directive permits a certain amount of flexibility in sampling. A sample must be taken no later than four days after the date specified in the monitoring calendar. Many of Scotland's bathing waters are at the highest risk of pollution during and immediately following periods of rainfall. This flexibility allows sampling times to be delayed during such periods, when it is most unlikely that anyone will be bathing. It also means that sampling reflects the quality of the water actually enjoyed by bathers. It is the intention of the Scottish Executive that this flexibility should be used where necessary. However, this will present resourcing challenges for SEPA, as previous sampling has used a fixed timetable of visits to bathing waters. SEPA are undertaking a trial of flexible sampling in 2006, to better understand the issues that may result from introducing these changes.
66. It is required that following the classification of a bathing water as poor, the causes of the failure to achieve sufficient status shall be identified and addressed. To this end, following any such classification, SEPA shall be asked to investigate the causes, and to devise and implement an improvement plan. It is anticipated that this will be done within the measures described in the relevant Sub-Basin Management Plan.
67. Whilst the criteria relating to the classification of bathing waters are bacteriological, other parameters must also be considered in the management of the bathing water. Amongst these considerations is the presence of litter pollution. This, of course, refers to its presence in the water itself. However, it would be naïve to ignore the direct relationship between a bathing water and the associated beach.
68. Responsibility for controlling litter on beaches is, in most cases, the responsibility of local authorities. It is important to recognise that these local authorities are legally required - and indeed are funded - to carry out this task, and that any other scheme which may come into being should not replace this obligation.
69. Nevertheless, it is equally important to recognise the important role which the local community has to play in this regard. This role can be positive - taking ownership of and responsibility for their local environment - or it can at times be destructive - contributing to pollution of the bathing water and its environs.
70. The Scottish Executive will explore the possibility of devising a scheme to encourage the involvement of local community groups by providing modest levels of funding in exchange for undertaking activities designed to improve the environment surrounding their local bathing water, including reducing levels of litter.
71. In considering such a scheme, the Scottish Executive will look to the experiences of schemes currently in existence, such as the Coastcare programmes in Wales and Australia, the Green Coast initiative in Wales, the Marine Conservation Society's Adopt-A-Beach scheme, the Atlantic Beach Guardian programme in Canada, and others from around the world.


Filling large arrays with zeroes quickly in C++
Travis Downs reports that some C++ compilers have trouble filling up arrays with values at high speed. Typically, to fill an array with some value, C++ programmers invoke the std::fill. We might assume that for a task as simple as filling an array with zeroes, the C++ standard library would provide the absolute best performance. However, with GNU GCC compilers, that is not the case.
The following line of C++ code gets compiled as a loop that fills each individual byte with zeroes when applying the conventional -O2 optimization flag.
std::fill(p, p + n, 0);
When the array is large, it can become inefficient compared to a highly efficient implementation like the C function like memset.
memset(p, 0, n);
Travis reports that the difference is a factor of thirty. He also explains how to fix the C++ so that it is as fast as the memset function.
What about very large arrays? What if you need to write zeroes all over a 2GB array?
memset 30 GB/s
std::fill 1.7 GB/s
Roughly speaking, the memset function is 15 times faster than std::fill in my test. This demonstrates that even if you are working with large volumes of data, you can be easily limited by your inefficient implementations. You are not automatically limited by your memory bandwidth. In fact, std::fill in this instance cannot even keep up with a good network adaptor or a fast disk. We routinely parse JSON data, and write out DOM trees, at speeds far higher than 1.7 GB/s.
Another lesson I would derive from this example is that writing your code in idiomatic C++ is not sufficient to guarantee good performance. There is a lot of engineering involved in making C++ fast, and though it often works out magically, it can fail too.
My source code is available.
Published by
Daniel Lemire
25 thoughts on "Filling large arrays with zeroes quickly in C++"
 1. I think that the rationale is part of the GNU GCC documentation, it states that -O2 "performs nearly all supported optimizations that do not involve a space-speed tradeoff". That is, the -O3 flag may grow the binary size to achieve better speed. And, of course, -O3 may fail to deliver better speed because of the trade-offs involved.
 I think that if -O3 delivered consistently better performance, it would be the new default at release time, but I don't think it works this way.
 1. Disclaimer: this is on clang, so maybe it doesn't matter.
 Anyway, looking at the code I noticed that the memory is set to 1 only once and then re-zeroed in all subsequent benchmarks… so perhaps only the first benchmark (std::fill) is doing something.
 So I swapped around the memset bench and the std::fill bench and this came out:
 page count: 32, volume:0.125 MB
 memset(p,0,n) : 9.2219 GB/s
 std::fill(p, p + n, '\0') : 39.1376 GB/s
 std::fill(p, p + n, 0) : 39.3015 GB/s
 memset(p,0,n) : 39.3268 GB/s
 std::fill(p, p + n, '\0') : 39.5562 GB/s
 std::fill(p, p + n, 0) : 39.6719 GB/s
 memset(p,0,n) : 39.4922 GB/s
 std::fill(p, p + n, '\0') : 39.8012 GB/s
 std::fill(p, p + n, 0) : 39.8272 GB/s
 and suddenly, memset is the bad one!
 In fact the first bench is the slowest almost every time on my machine.
 This is on MacOS 16 + clang… maybe this happens because once a page is zeroed, it's remapped to the read-only zero-page and subsequent 0-writes don't do anything?
 I changed the code to give each benchmark its own memory area, and that way I get about the same speed for all 3 methods, +/- some (pretty big) random fluctuations on all 3:
 char* src = new char[i*3];
 memset(src, 1, i * 3);
 char* p = src;
 bench2(p, i);
 p += i;
 bench1(p, i);
 p += i;
 bench(p, i);
 std::cout << std::endl;
 delete[] src;
 … although the very first bench*() call (no matter which) is still at 9 gb/s. No idea why 🙂
 1. This is a bug in GNU C++ library std::fill/std::fill_n. Using the argument of the exact correct type for the fill value fixes the bug and makes it use memset.
 On one other hand you have memset, which you need to specify the correct size in bytes, despite it taking an int fill value (specifying wrong size for memset is a common bug in stackoverflow questions).
 1. Yes, you can get around the performance issue, as Travis explains. Whether it is a bug is debatable: it has been around forever and it is standard compliant.
 But the larger point is that nothing at all in the C++ standard guarantees that you will get the best possible performance with std::fill. This is just one example of many where using the idiomatic approach will fail you.
 Please check my previous posts where I show that just about the worse possible way to allocate and initialize memory is via "new()", at least in GNU GCC.
 My argument is not that you should forgo the idiomatic way, or drop C++ in favor of C. My argument is laid out in my post. (Last paragraph.)
 1. Well, you are intentionally measuring performance of code hitting the library bug and yet you are not using -O3 optimization, despite targeting for top performance. It is hard to call such an approach scientifically sound, IMHO.
 1. The first link in the blog post is to Travis' blog post, where he describes the issue in details. I have the following line "He also explains how to fix the C++ so that it is as fast as the memset function."
 Do you disagree with the point I am making? The point is the following: "writing your code in idiomatic C++ is not sufficient to guarantee good performance".
 If you disagree, I have many more arguments. In fact, I have literally hundreds of blog posts on this topic over 15 years.
 This happens all the time. It is actually kind of difficult to get bare metal performance out of C++ systematically. It is comparatively quite easy to write idiomatic C++.
 2. You are trying to write idiomatic code, but you made an intentional mistake in it by using a wrong type, which resulted in the sub-optimal code path. And to add insult to injury you pessimize it with -O2 instead of -O3.
 So, you have idiomatically looking code with a subtle bug in it and that's what you benchmark.
 1. Please be clear, Maxim, about your disagreement. Here is my statement: "writing your code in idiomatic C++ is not sufficient to guarantee good performance".
 Do you agree or do you disagree?
 1. "Writing your code in idiomatic C++ is not sufficient to guarantee good performance". – I agree, just as well as I agree with "writing your code in non-idiomatic C++ is not sufficient to guarantee good performance either".
 In both cases the code must be bug free, however subtle the bugs are.
 May be you are trying to say that passing literal 0 into memset doesn't create a subtle performance bug, unlike with std::fill, and that can conditionally be true. People compiling with -O3 (like me) wouldn't experience that bug either.
 I value information from most of your posts, nevertheless.
 1. Note compilers would become much better quickly if people take the
 time to report optimization issues rather than just complaining about
 them in various blogs…
 I am not exactly sure how it works regarding GNU GCC. For example, I know how to double the speed of the random shuffle and I sent a patch. I'm looking forward to see whether it makes it.
 1. Call it what you like! It is interesting to point out that various C++ constructs can have very different performance characteristics across compilers and even different versions of the same compiler.
 However these are examples of optimization inefficiencies which should not happen and are easily fixable in compilers – if only we hear about them!
 GCC has a bugzilla where you can report bugs or optimization issues. Contributing patches to GCC requires a copyright assignment, and to get your patches accepted you may need to post them repeatedly if people are busy and they don't get any attention…
 1. My experience across a few compiler and similar projects is that most reported issues are either ignored, or initially discussed then subsequently ignored.
 Even compiler developers admit that the best way to get something fixed is to complain about it in a visible way (not saying Daniel is doing this), at which point it gets fixed.
 1. Well the best way to get things done in an open source project is to be extremely proactive, so ask questions, file bugs


text:
- Home »
- How to Print
Better Way Of Printing
Canon PIXMA MX922 Print Setup Support
The Canon PIXMA MX922 printer accepts information such as texts and graphics from other devices such as a computer and mobile phones, and then transfers them into sheets of the required paper is known as printing. Make use of the Canon PIXMA MX922 Print Setup guide to print on various types of media papers and sizes.
How to Print on Canon MX922 from Computer
- Place enough sheets of white paper into the main input tray. Now go to your computer and then open the Print driver Setup dialog box by hitting the Start icon.
- Click the Hardware & Sound option and then select the Printers menu.
- Right-click on the icon of your Canon PIXMA MX922 printer and choose the Printing Preferences option.
- The Printer Driver Setup dialog box will open on the desktop.
- On the Quick Setup tab, choose a profile that matches your print task to start Canon PIXMA MX922 Print Setup.
- The additional features such as media type and paper size are automatically set according to the reset values.
- Click the Print Quality as High, Standard, or Fast depending on your print needs.
- Ensure that the Paper Source option is set to Cassette. Finish the setup by selecting the OK button.
How to Print on lined paper using Canon PIXMA MX922?
- You can do the print task on templates such as lined paper onto the sheets of white or A4 paper.
- Confirm that your Canon PIXMA MX922 printer is not switched On.
- Load B5, A4, or letter-sized white papers on the main input tray or cassette.
- Go to your Canon PIXMA MX22 printer and tap the Menu button.
- The Menu button will appear on the printer's touch panel.
- Choose the Template Print option and then select the OK button.
- Touch the template that has to be printed by making use of the arrow buttons.
- Touch the OK option and modify the settings as required. Obtain the number of copies to be printed by clicking the + or – button.
- Based on the inserted paper, choose the paper size. Ascertain to set the paper type option as Plain Paper.
- Start printing by tapping the Color or Black button.
How to print documents saved on USB using Canon PIXMA MX922 printer?
- Verify that the Canon PIXMA M922 printer is turned On.
- Insert the A4 or letter-sized plain papers into the tray or cassette.
- Now plug the USB Flash Drive into the USB flash drive port.
- Open the Menu dialog box on your printer by tapping the Menu option.
- Choose the Advanced Print option then tap the OK button for Canon PIXMA MX922 Print Setup.
- Click the Print From A USB Flash Drive option.
- Now press the text that has to be printed by selecting the Up or Down arrow key and then touch the OK button.
- Choose the required settings by tapping the arrow keys.
- If you want to alter the settings, utilize the right or left side arrow buttons.
- The Canon PIXMA MX922 initiates the print work after you press the Color or Black button.
Print photos using Canon PIXMA MX922 printer
- Make sure to turn On the Canon PIXMA MX922 printer by tapping the ON button.
- Place 10 * 15 cm or 4 * 6 inches photo paper into the cassette.
- Select the Menu icon on your Canon PIXMA MX922 printer's touch display.
- The Menu pop-up opens on the front panel. Click the Photo option then press OK.
- Touch the Online Album Print option and then click the OK button.
- Choose the photo sharing site that you want to use by tapping the Up or Down arrow buttons.
- Now press OK, and your Canon PIXMA MX922 printer starts accessing the image sharing web page.
- Register your printer with the photo sharing website.
- Choose the online album and then touch the OK button to complete Canon PIXMA MX922 Print Setup process.
- Alter all the settings that are required for your image, and then begin the print operation by selecting the Color button on the Canon PIXMA MX922 printer.
Print from mobile device through Bluetooth using Canon PIXMA MX922
- Ensure that the Canon PIXMA MX922 printer is On.
- Keep papers into the printer's input cassette.
- Plug the optional Bluetooth unit into the USB flash drive port that is present at the rear side of your Canon PIXMA MX922 printer.
- Now navigate to the touch panel of your Canon PIXMA MX922 printer and then tap the Menu icon or button.
- The Menu pop-up window opens on the touch display.
- Choose the Photo button then tap OK.
- Click the Print from Mobile Phone option.
- Select the OK button and the Standby dialog box opens on the front panel.
- Click the name of your Canon printer on your mobile phone, then type the admin passkey if prompted. Begin the Canon PIXMA MX922 Print Setup by tapping the Print button.
How to print on both sides through the Canon PIXMA MX922
- The Canon PIXMA MX922 printer supports the automatic duplexing feature.
- Place the document into the cassette and install the cartridges.
- Go to your computer or laptop and then open the Print Driver Setup window on it.
- Tick the checkbox that is present next to the Automatic Duplexing option on the Page Setup dialog box.
- Choose the Layout option as Normal, Scaled, Page Layout, or Fit-To-Page.
- When you carry out duplex printing, the print region of the document becomes lightly narrower than normal, and it might not fit on a single page.
- Choose the Print Area Setup option, tap any of the process methods, and then touch OK. You can use either Normal or Reduced size printing.
- Select the side that has to be stapled and then choose the width of the margin.
- Click the OK option on the Page Setup window and then press Print.
Printing on Postcards using Canon PIXMA MX922
- Turn On your printer, and load the right type of postcard into the tray.
- Open the driver software window on your system.
- Select the Quick Canon PIXMA MX922 Print Setup dialog box, and choose the Standard option on the Commonly Used Settings tab.
- Choose the type of media and the right size of the loaded postcard paper.
- If you want the print task to be printed horizontally, set the Orientation type to Landscape mode.
- Tap High or Standard as the Print Quality and end the setup by selecting the OK option.
- Once you execute the print task, the data gets printed on the postcard sheet.
How to Setup Envelope Printing on Canon PIXMA MX922 printer
- Place enough envelopes into the cassette of your Canon PIXMA MX922 printer.
- To print an envelope, click Start and select Hardware & Sound.
- Choose the icon of your printer to open the Printer Driver Setup dialog box on your computer.
- Select the Envelope option on the Commonly Used Settings window which is present on the Quick Setup tab.
- Choose the Paper Size option. When the Envelope Size Setting dialog displays on your PC, select your envelope size.
- Set the Orientation as Portrait or Landscape and hit the appropriate type of print quality, and then choose OK and finish Canon PIXMA MX922 Print Setup process.


Who Is Called Mother Of Nation?
Who is known as Mother of Nation?
The resolution to declare cow "Rashtra Mata" (mother of nation) was passed on Wednesday.
"It was moved by state Animal Husbandry Minister Rekha Arya and passed unanimously after it got the support of both the Opposition and treasury benches," local government officials said..
When was Gandhi called Mahatma?
Who is father of Indian planning?
Sir M VisvesvarayaSir M Visvesvaraya, a Bharat Ratna recipient, was an engineer, statesman, and a scholar. He served as the Diwan of Mysore during the period of _PHONE_. In 1934, he published a book titled "Planned Economy in India", in which he presented a constructive draft of the development of India in next ten years.
How is called the Father of Nation?
Indian constitution (Art. 18) prohibits the State from conferring any titles. Origin of this title is traced back to a radio address (on Singapore radio) on 6 July 1944 by Subhash Chandra Bose where Bose addressed Gandhi as "The Father of the Nation".
What is India's full name?
Who wrote our Constitution?
B. R. AmbedkarConstitution of IndiaAuthor(s)B. R. Ambedkar Chairman of the Drafting Committee Benegal Narsing Rau Constitutional Advisor to the Constituent Assembly Surendra Nath Mukherjee Chief Draftsman of the Constituent Assembly and other members of Constituent AssemblySignatories284 members of the Constituent Assembly18 more rows
How old is Indian democracy?
What is the name of India's first computer?
Who is the father and mother of India?
Who is the mother of revolution?
Bhikaiji Rustom CamaBhikaiji Rustom Cama,(_PHONE_) was an outstanding lady of great courage, fearlessness, integrity, perseverance and passion for freedom, and is considered as the mother of Indian revolution because of her contributions to Indian freedom struggle.
Who is the mother of Indian Constitution?
Why do we call Gandhiji Bapu?
According to the Oxford dictionary, Bapu is defined as: "A father (often as a form of address)". 'Bapu' was a polite form of address given to him considering his age, position and wisdom by his near and dear ones and later became one of the sobriquets used for him along with Mahatma and Father of the Nation.
Who is the first woman freedom fighter of India?
Kittur Rani ChennammaIndia's First Female Freedom Fighter. Kittur Rani Chennamma, the ruler of South Indian princely state Kittur, is largely overlooked. Yet Karnataka's "Joan of Arc" beat the British at least once.
Who is called Mother of India?
Who gave Bapu name to Gandhi?
Devchand Uttamchand ParekhIt was given by Devchand Uttamchand Parekh, an eminent citizen of Jetpur, on behalf of the people of the town. The citation addressed Bapu as 'Shriman Mahatma Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi'. It stated that Bapu lived life like a saint in a way prescribed by the scriptures.
What is the 5 name of India?
Why India is called Bharat Mata?
Bharat Mata or Mother India is a name that evokes a deeply emotional veneration in almost all Indians. Often portrayed carrying the national flag and riding a lion, she is to most Indians, a goddess in her own right. … As one cannot have two mothers, India cannot be considered as his mother, he said.


text:
The EuMon consortium, comprising 16 partners from 11 EU-countries, designed databases and carried out online surveys to provide an overview of monitoring approaches and monitoring organisations in Europe. One database, the PMN database, covers characteristics of organisations that involve volunteers in biodiversity monitoring and a second one, called DaEuMon, addresses coverage and methodological aspects of biodiversity monitoring. Both databases are automatically updated with each new entry. BioMAT allows extracting information from the databases to generate graphs and tables. Here we provide information on DaEuMon. See background info 1.5.1 for the PMN database.
Demands to fill in the questionnaires were communicated to monitoring coordinators by postal mail, email, personally, and by phone. In total, the EuMon consortium has collected over 4000 contact details of potential monitoring organizations (including fish and hunting associations as well as local, regional, and national governmental bodies). The input to the database still continues, making the database the most comprehensive one in Europe. However, not all countries and species groups are covered equally well and this should be considered in any analyses of the data from DaEuMon.
Despite these biases, our survey yielded a wide geographical coverage with at least one scheme from any country in geographical Europe and also adequately covers central and eastern (Poland, Hungary, Lithuania) and western European countries (France, Belgium, Germany).
About 4000 species are covered by the monitoring programs in the database. Schemes monitoring birds and mammals showed small biases (relative to the number of publications listed in the Zoological Record; evaluated in 2008), but some groups, especially fishes, lichens and fungi still seem to be underrepresented.
The usefulness of the EuMon database as a reference to monitoring schemes will further increase with time due to on-going efforts to maintain the database and extend its popularity. In this respect, the recommendations for volunteer involvement and data integration, supporting the work of monitoring coordinators, did already function as powerful incentives for new data entries.


Limitations and Known Issues within MariaDB MaxScale
Limitations and Known Issues within MariaDB MaxScale
This document lists known issues and limitations in MariaDB MaxScale and its plugins. Since limitations are related to specific plugins, this document is divided into several sections.
Configuration limitations
In versions 2.1.2 and earlier, the configuration files are limited to 1024 characters per line. This limitation was increased to 16384 characters in MaxScale 2.1.3. MaxScale 2.3.0 increased this limit to _PHONE_ characters.
In versions 2.2.12 and earlier, the section names in the configuration files were limited to 49 characters. This limitation was increased to 1023 characters in MaxScale 2.2.13.
Multiple MaxScales on same server
Starting with MaxScale 2.4.0, on systems with Linux kernels 3.9 or newer due to the addition of SO_REUSEPORT support, it is possible for multiple MaxScale instances to listen on the same network port if the directories used by both instances are completely separate and there are no conflicts which can cause unexpected splitting of connections. This will only happen if users explicitly tell MaxScale to ignore the default directories and will not happen in normal use.
Security limitiations
MariaDB 10.2
The parser of MaxScale correctly parses WITH statements, but fails to collect columns, functions and tables used in the SELECT defining the WITH clause.
Consequently, the database firewall will not block WITH statements where the SELECT of the WITH clause refers to forbidden columns.
Query Classification
Follow the MXS-1350 Jira issue to track the progress on this limitation.
XA transactions are not detected as transactions by MaxScale. This means that all XA commands will be treated as unknown commands and will be treated as operations that potentially modify the database (in the case of readwritesplit, the statements are routed to the master).
MaxScale will not track the XA transaction state which means that any SELECT queries done inside an XA transaction can be routed to servers that are not part of the XA transaction.
This limitation can be avoided on the client side by disabling autocommit before any XA transactions are done. The following example shows how a simple XA transaction is done via MaxScale by disabling autocommit for the duration of the XA transaction.
SET autocommit=0;
SET autocommit=1;
Prepared Statements
For its proper functioning, MaxScale needs in general to be aware of the transaction state and autocommit mode. In order to be that, MaxScale parses statements going through it.
However, if a transaction is commited or rolled back, or the autocommit mode is changed using a prepared statement, MaxScale will miss that and its internal state will be incorrect, until the transaction state or autocommit mode is changed using an explicit statement.
For instance, after the following sequence of commands, MaxScale will still think autocommit is on:
set autocommit=1
PREPARE hide_autocommit FROM "set autocommit=0"
EXECUTE hide_autocommit
To ensure that MaxScale functions properly, do not commit or rollback a transaction or change the autocommit mode using a prepared statement.
Protocol limitations
Limitations with MySQL/MariaDB Protocol support (MariaDBClient)
 - Compression is not included in the server handshake.
 - MariaDB MaxScale does not support KILL QUERY ID type statements. If a query by a query ID is to be killed, it needs to be done directly on the backend databases.
 - The KILL commands are executed asynchronously and the results are ignored. Due to this, they will always appear to succeed even if the user is lacking the permissions.
Authenticator limitations
Limitations in the GSSAPI authenticator
Currently, MariaDB MaxScale only supports GSSAPI authentication when the backend connections use GSSAPI authentication. Client side GSSAPI authentication with a different backend authentication module is not supported.
Limitations in the MySQL authenticator (MySQLAuth)
 - MySQL old style passwords are not supported. MySQL versions 4.1 and newer use a new authentication protocol which does not support pre-4.1 style passwords.
 - When users have different passwords based on the host from which they connect MariaDB MaxScale is unable to determine which password it should use to connect to the backend database. This results in failed connections and unusable usernames in MariaDB MaxScale.
 - Only a subset of netmasks are supported for the Host-column in the mysql.user-table (and related tables). Specifically, if the Host is of the form base_ip/netmask, then the netmask must only contain the numbers 0 or 255. For example, a netmask of is fine while is not.
Filter limitations
Database Firewall limitations (dbfwfilter)
The Database Firewall filter does not support multi-statements. Using them will result in an error being sent to the client.
Tee filter limitations (tee)
The Tee filter does not support binary protocol prepared statements. The execution of a prepared statements through a service that uses the tee filter is not guaranteed to succeed on the service where the filter branches to as it does on the original service.
This possibility exists due to the fact that the binary protocol prepared statements are identified by a server-generated ID. The ID sent to the client from the main service is not guaranteed to be the same that is sent by the branch service.
Monitor limitations
A server can only be monitored by one monitor. Two or more monitors monitoring the same server is considered an error.
Limitations with Galera Cluster Monitoring (galeramon)
The default master selection is based only on MIN(wsrep_local_index). This can be influenced with the server priority mechanic described in the Galera Monitor manual.
Router limitations
Refer to individual router documentation for a list of their limitations.
Comments loading...


text:
Integrate with Saba
Questionmark Perception version 5 assessments are fully interoperable with Saba Learning. This interoperability relies on existing learning standards and is easy to accomplish. Saba users can launch Perception assessments from within the Saba software and Perception will provide analysis and statistics reports, while Saba controls the participant data. Perception relays assessment results (time, score, and completion) to Saba through AICC communication.
For information on how to configure Perception version 5 and Saba Learning please refer to How can I call Perception assessments from Saba Learning?


Version: 2019.2
Additional (or sixth) mouse button.
Use this for detecting mouse button presses. The "5" mouse button is the sixth button on the user's mouse if this additional button exists. Unity defines this as the "5" Mouse button, as the mouse Button numbering begins at 0.
using UnityEngine;
public class Example : MonoBehaviour { void Update() { //Detect if the extra mouse button is pressed if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.Mouse5)) { Debug.Log("Mouse 5 "); } } }


text:
A patent application from Apple published on Thursday shows the company is looking at ways to turn your iPhone into a personal assistant that learns from your actions. The patent describes how your iPhone could change the way it displays information and apps based on your habits or mood, and how it could anticipate your needs based on your activities.
Apple patent shows an iPhone that knows your mood and what you're doing
Apple's "Determining Preferential Device Behavior" patent describes a system where a device can learn based on a user's behaviors and then build profiles tailored to a specific person. The device could also track moods and use that information to help improve personalization, according to Patently Apple.
The system can also use location tracking to help deliver data and features in context. It could, for example, know when you're at work, at home, or on vacation, and adapt to each situation. If you leave on vacation, your iPhone could automatically shut off your morning alarm, and then reenable it after you return home.
Moods could be detected using the iPhone's built-in cameras and facial recognition, or voice recognition through the built-in mic. In essence, your iPhone could watch and listen to you all the time, just like a real personal assistant would, and react to your needs and mood.
The patent also makes mention of biometric sensors, hinting that the system could also be used as part of Apple's rumored health and fitness tracking plans.
A patent application isn't a promise of coming features, but this one does offer some interesting insight into what Apple may be considering for future iPhone models. An iPhone that can anticipate our needs and react based on what we're doing or how we're feeling, almost like a real person sounds like a very compelling feature.


About Gaddi Community in Himachal
Gaddis, Tribes of Himachal resides mainly in Kangra and Chamba Districts.
Gaddis are basically shephards who owns number of sheep and goats. Though the community is also present in Mandi, Kullu and Bilaspur but the major population of Gaddis live in Kangra District and Bharmaur in Chamba.
The origin of Gaddis is still a topic of debate. This is because in earlier days Gaddis did not have their permanent home. In the summers they used to climb up the Himalayas with their sheep and goat ( commonly known as Dhan). In the winters they used to roam around in the plane areas. There are many theories about the origin of Gaddis but none of them has arrived at the conclusion. Few theories believe that the Gaddis have originated from plains mainly from Punjab.
Gaddi community speak their own gaddi dialect. They also speak other languages like pahari and hindi. The population of Gaddis is very small. The exact number is not available. This small community possess its unique culture. They have their own folk songs, unique, attractive and colourful Gaddi dress and a different way of performing poojas.
Gaddi Topi (cap) is know famous and worn all over in Himachal.Gaddi dance called Naati is very famous in Himachal Pradesh.Gaddis have a stong built and has very good stamina. They can carry quintil of load on their back and travel non stop in the Himalayan region. The people in this community are honest hard working and very affectionate. Now a very small population is left with Dhan (sheep and goat). Most of the Gaddis now do farming or weaving and have taken up Government Jobs.
 - Name:


text:
May 12, 2011 / ENERGY GLOBE Award
Project presentation - "Winery at monastery"
The winery at the monastery in Klosterneuburg has analyzed all processes in the entire estate in order to know their impact on climate and environment and improve it. Now the climate protector pioneer "ClimatePartner" certified Klosterneuburg as the first winery in Austria as carbon neutral.
The carbon footprint of the winery and its various products has been computed in the realm of a study. This enabled an exact analysis of the status quo that served as the basis for a plan for reducing emissions. Then the monastery immediately began to implement measures that could be quickly realized.
Meanwhile for about a year climate-neutral wine is on the market and has attracted public interest. Aspects incorporated in the reduction of emissions include fuel and energy consumption in the company, use of coolants, water consumption waste water, business trips, commuting on the part of all employees, outsourcing, in-house use of paper and office supplies, use of production materials, etc.
Working close to nature reduces CO2 emissions, it also results in more rather unconventional solutions, such as the experimental attitude of chicken between the rows. They loosen the soil and take care of the weed control.
Find more information under _URL_


Syvum Home Page
Home > Quiz Games > Chemistry > Print Preview
Chemistry : Elements with Variable Valencies
apid Just what you need to know!
Do Some Elements Have Variable Valencies?
Valency is the number of hydrogen atoms that can combine with (or displace) one atom of the element to form a compound. For example, two atoms of hydrogen combine with one atom of oxygen to form water (H2O); so, the valency of oxygen is two.
For elements that do not combine with hydrogen, the valency is the combining power of the element with another element whose valency is known. Valency may also be defined as the number of electrons that an atom donates or accepts to form the duplet state (i.e., 2 electrons in outermost shell) or octet state (i.e., 8 electrons in outermost shell).
The valency of an element is always a whole number. Some elements exhibit more than one valency, i.e., they have variable valency. In Iron [II] sulfate or ferrous sulfate, i.e., FeSO4, the valency of iron is two. In Iron [III] sulfate or ferric sulfate, i.e., Fe2(SO4)3, the valency of iron is three. Generally, the Latin / Greek name for the element (e.g., Ferrun) is modified to end in 'ous' for the lower valency (e.g., Ferrous) and to end in 'ic' for the higher valency (e.g., Ferric). The table below lists some elements that exhibit variable valencies.
Element Symbol Valency Ions Nomenclature
Copper Cu 1, 2 Cu1+
Copper [I] or Cuprous
Copper [II] or Cupric
Silver Ag 1, 2 Ag1+
Silver [I] or Argentous
Silver [II] or Argentic
Mercury Hg 1, 2 Hg1+
Mercury [I] or Mercurous
Mercury [II] or Mercuric
Iron Fe 2, 3 Fe2+
Iron [II] or Ferrous
Iron [III] or Ferric
Tin Sn 2, 4 Sn2+
Tin [II] or Stannous
Tin [IV] or Stannic
Lead Pb 2, 4 Pb2+
Lead [II] or Plumbous
Lead [IV] or Plumbic
Phosphorus P 3, 5
Sulfur S 4, 6
An ion is any atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge due to loss or gain of electrons. Positively charged ions are called cations [e.g., Fe3+], whereas negatively charged ions are called anions [e.g., Cl1-].
Practice Exercise for Chemistry Module on Elements with Variable Valencies
Practice Exercise for Chemistry Module on Elements with Positive Valencies
Practice Exercise for Chemistry Module on Radicals with Negative Valencies - Basic
Practice Exercise for Chemistry Module on Radicals with Negative Valencies-Advanced
58 more pages in Chemistry Quiz Activities


How Often To Clean Billiard Balls (Here's Answer)
If you have ever played pool in some dingy place, you may understand how uncomfortable and frustrating it is, especially if the equipment too were unkempt. Although most people may overlook the importance of keeping the pool accessories clean, it is actually an important practice. Consider the daily dust and oil residue from regular handling of the balls for instance, which may eventually make the balls lose their color and shine. Thus, you must clean the billiard balls.
This begs the question, how often should you clean the balls? If you are a keen pool owner, you may want to clean the cue ball right after every frame or practice session. This doesn't end there; at least every week, give the entire set a thorough cleaning. This is not only the balls but also the cue, the pocket bumpers, as well as the triangle.
In this article, we will discuss why billiard balls need cleaning, how to clean them and other related questions. Keep reading for deeper insight.
Why Do You Need To Clean Your Billiard Balls?
We have already mentioned how dust, oil from touching and even chalk can make the balls splotchy, lose color as well as their shine if not cleaned off regularly.
Additionally, the dirt and grime on the balls can be transferred to the felt of the table, making it dirty. This will call for regular cleaning of the felt, of course accelerating its wear and tear.
Dirty balls do affect playability due to imbalance in weight. The ball will not flow properly in the intended direction. Even contact with the cue ball itself will be inconsistent if the surface of the ball is dirty.
Thus, to minimize the wear and tear on the table, and have consistent playability, while at the same time maintaining the balls to their shiny look, cleaning is the solution.
How to Clean Billiard Balls
It is important that you clean your billiard balls the right way, otherwise you may ending up doing them more harm than good. Phenolic resin billiard ball will need special cleaning products such as Aramith Ball Cleaner. The best thing is that phenolic resin is slick and durable, and a simple wipe-down would be enough to keep it clean.
Below is the general procedure for cleaning other billiard ball materials such as polyester and plastic.
 - First, clean the sink or bucket that you intend to use.
 - Fill it with lukewarm water and add a mild detergent
 - Soak in the billiard balls in for five minutes. If your sink or bucket is small, put in a few billiard balls at a time to avoid the balls knocking each other while in the water.
 - After 5 minutes, scrub the balls one after another using a microfiber cloth or soft rag.
 - Proceed to drying them properly using a dry clean towel.
See Also: How to Clean a Pool Table Brush?
The Don'ts of Washing Billiard Balls
Never attempt washing billiard balls in a dishwasher. Disregard any advice about using a dishwasher for billiard ball cleaning because this will cause irreversible damage to your balls. The material used for the manufacture of billiard balls, usually phenolic resin, or a blend of polyester resin does not go hand in hand with the heat in the dishwashing cycle.
The surface appearance as well as the shine will be affected and the warrant will be voided once the manufacturer establishes that the balls were put in a dishwasher, which by the way is very easy to tell.
Ensure that you are using mild detergent or gentle soap with warm water not too hot. Hot water again will damage the surface while strong detergent will be too abrasive on the balls.
Do not leave the balls to air dry, as this will leave spots. Use a towel to dry and ensure that you have dried them thoroughly leaving no marks.
Never use bleach, as it may leave behind a residue of pink dots that may be difficult to remove.
Dealing with Billiard Ball Discoloration/Yellowing
With time, you may notice your billiard balls lose color on the white parts and yellowing in a way. The yellowing is due to exposure to elements such as heat, UV light, and air, making the resin to break down forming the off-white yellowish appearance.
The yellowing does not affect the game in any way, thus it is nothing to be worried about. The only cause for concern for most people is the look/aesthetics.
While the balls may be converted to the original white, you can do something about it to try to restore it a little. You can use a pool ball cleaner or polisher.
Overall, always keep your billiards ball clean so that they play better, last longer, protect the felt, and save you money.
Related Questions
Can you use a glass cleaner to make your billiard balls shine?
Absolutely not. Glass cleaner will act as abrasives on the material of the balls, tampering with the aesthetics and eventually, the effects can be seen through poor playability of the balls.
Will billiard balls eventually wear out?
Billiard balls are usually smooth. However, with continued use, there is some friction between the balls and the table, and with time, they will not be of the standard size because of the wear.
See Also:
Are Old Pool Balls Worth Anything?
How Often Should You Chalk Your Cue
Can You Use Car Wax on Pool Balls? (Here's The Answer)
Recent Posts


text:
Nonparametric estimation and testing in survival models
- The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that nonparametric smoothing methods for estimating functions can be an useful tool in the analysis of life time data. After stating some basic notations we will present a data example. Applying standard parametric methods to these data we will see that this approach fails - basic features of the underlying functions are not reflected by their estimates. Our proposal is to use nonparametric estimation methods. These methods are explained in section 2. Nonparametric approaches are better in the sense that they are more flexible, and misspecifications of the model are avoided. But, parametric models have the advantage that the parameters can be interpreted. So, finally, we will formulate a test procedure to check whether a parametric or a nonparametric model is appropriate.


text:
Experiments were performed to examine the contribution of arterial baroreceptors to long-term regulation of mean arterial pressure (MAP) during changes in dietary salt intake. Normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to either sinoaortic denervation (SAD; n = 8) or Sham surgery (n = 6) and instrumented 1 wk later with radiotelemetry transmitters for continuous minute-to-minute monitoring of MAP and heart rate (HR) over the 8- wk protocol. Rats consumed three levels of dietary NaCl: 0.4% NaCl (week 1), 4.0% NaCl (weeks 2-4), and 8.0% NaCl (weeks 5-7). Rats returned to a 0.4% NaCl diet during the eighth week of the experiment. During week 1 (0.4% NaCl), there were no differences between Sham and SAD groups for 24-h averages of MAP or HR. However, by the third week of 4.0% NaCl, 24-h MAP was elevated significantly from baseline in SAD (10 ± 2 mmHg) but not Sham (1 ± 1 mmHg) rats. By the end of the third week of 8.0% NaCl diet, 24-h MAP was elevated 15 ± 2 mmHg above control in SAD rats compared with a 4 ± 1 mmHg increase in Sham rats (P 0.05). Hourly analysis of the final 72 h of each level of dietary salt revealed a marked effect of dietary NaCl on MAP in SAD rats, particularly during the dark cycle. MAP increased ~20 and 30 mmHg in SAD rats over the 12-h dark cycle for 4.0 and 8.0% NaCl diets, respectively. In contrast, increased dietary NaCl had no effect on MAP during any phase of the light or dark period in Sham rats. These data support the hypothesis that arterial baroreceptors play a critical role in long-term regulation of MAP under conditions of altered dietary salt intake. Finally, hourly analysis of MAP revealed that the majority of the hypertensive response to increased NaCl occurs during the dark cycle in SAD rats. Hence, previous investigations may have underestimated the magnitude of the hypertensive response to increased dietary NaCl in animals with baroreceptor dysfunction.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Journal||American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology|
|Issue number||5 44-5|
|State||Published - Nov 1998|
- Circadian rhythm
- Neurogenic hypertension
- Sympathetic nervous system


text:
Have you read the new journal articles about using focused ultrasound to treat cardiac arrhythmias, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease? Recently published work by scientists from two focused ultrasound Centers of Excellence investigates a transesophageal application for cardiac ablation and describes the outcomes from preclinical studies that examine the effect of focused ultrasound on beta-amyloid in Alzheimer's and on Lewy pathology in Parkinson's.
Myocardial Thermal Ablation with a Transesophageal High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Probe: Experiments on Beating Heart Models
A group of French researchers led by Cyril Lafon, PhD, designed and tested a novel probe that combines focused ultrasound with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for thermal ablation treatment of cardiac arrhythmia. The team used B-mode ultrasound, passive elastography, and MRI to monitor the lesions while evaluating various sonication protocols. Further testing of energy deposition is necessary, but the TEE approach may be clinically promising. See Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology.
Time Course of Focused Ultrasound Effects on β-amyloid Plaque Pathology in the TgCRND8 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Kullervo Hynynen's group at the University of Toronto conducted studies to quantify changes in beta-amyloid plaque size after the application of focused ultrasound. Using in vivo, two-photon fluorescence microscopy, the team found a significant and lasting reduction of 62% of the original plaque volume in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease after one focused ultrasound treatment. Could biweekly focused ultrasound treatments become an effective method of reducing β-amyloid pathology in moderate-to-late stages of Alzheimer's disease? See Scientific Reports.
Noninvasive Delivery of an α‐synuclein Gene Silencing Vector with Magnetic Resonance–guided Focused Ultrasound
A collaborative team in Toronto is using focused ultrasound and microbubbles to open the blood-brain barrier and allow viral vectors to reach the parts of the brain affected by Parkinson's disease. In their preclinical study, the group applied focused ultrasound to four regions of the brain after administering an adeno-associated virus vector with an RNA sequence that targeted the α‐synuclein gene. They then evaluated the immune reactivity of each region along with the progression of cell death and glial activation. Could focused ultrasound assist in silencing genes associated with Parkinson's disease? See Movement Disorders.


text:
- Tent in Woods
- Original Format:
- Black-and-white print (photograph)
- Item identifier:
- This is a photograph of a tent in a forest. There is a garden or a tree nursery visible in the photograph.
- Digital Project:
- Special Collections Research Center at NCSU Libraries
- Carl Alwin Schenck Papers, 1865 - 1959 (MC00035) held by Special Collections Research Center at NCSU Libraries
- Note field:
- Not all materials from the physical collection may have been scanned. Images may have been enhanced for web access.
- For questions regarding copyright or permissions, please refer to our Reproduction, Use, Citation, and Copyright page (_URL_


text:
Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Volume 2005 (2005), Issue 2, Pages 175-183
Stability analysis of linear neutral systems with multiple time delays
Department of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Emei Campus, Emeishan, Sichuan 614202, China
Received 25 August 2004; Revised 25 October 2004
Copyright © 2005 Keyue Zhang. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This paper studies the asymptotic stability of linear
neutral systems with multiple time delays. Using the
characteristic equation of the system, new delay-independent
stability criteria are derived in terms of the spectral radius of
modulus matrices. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the
validity of our new criteria.