Program 4a: getopt() Solution
 - Goals
 1. To develop a command language for DiskSweeper.
 1. To use getopt() to process single-letter options.
 1. To build the rst phase of the DiskSweeper application.
 1. To learn or review some parts of C++ that will be needed in this course.
 - The Project
The Disk Sweeper application will search your hard disk for les that are copies of each other and report the full pathnames of all copies of the le. The command name will be sweep. The arguments will be:
-o lename (required): open and use the named le for output.
-v (optional): provide verbose debugging feedback.
-d (optional): delete all duplicates except the rst.
A small integer (optional): a minimum le size to work on, in kilobytes. (That is, 5 represents 5K bytes.)
A pathname (a string, required): the directory at which to start sweeping.
In stage 4b of this program, we will add some long switches.
 - Instructions
Write a program to parse the command line for DiskSweeper. Due Sept. 22 (Friday).
De ne a class named Params. Members of the class should include:
An ofstream.
The pathname of the starting directory, a C-style string.
An integer: the minimum size le to process. The default should be 0 for this optional parameter.
A boolean variable for each switch. (All are optional, the defaults are all false.)
The Params constructor should have two parameters: argc and argv. Process the command-line arguments using getopt() (instructions follow) and initialize the data members to the settings that you nd on the command line. Open the ofstream for output to the le named on the command line.
print( ): print all the members except the stream in a nice format to the open ofstream.
In your main function, declare an instance of Params and pass argc and argv to its constructor.
When construction is nished, call Params::print() to display the params.
Program 4a: getopt() CSCI 4547 / 6647 Systems Programming 2
 - Using getopt() to Decode Command-line Arguments
The function getopt() automates and vastly simpli es the process of decoding a command line. The example shown here is NOT what you need for your project; it is provided only so that you can understand the syntax of the getopt() function.
Syntax: int = getopt( int argc, char* argv[], const char* opts );
for (;;) f
ch = getopt(argc, argv, "i:avRou");
if( ch == -1 ) break;
switch( ch )f
...
argc and argv are the parameters received from the shell by your program.
opts is a string containing all the short switch options that your program supports: "i:avRou" This string of letters means that the application will accept the switches i, a, v, R, o, u. A command line could give any combination of switches, in any order.
An option letter followed by a colon requires a parameter (usually a le name). In this example, the -i switch must be followed by the name of an input le.
An option letter followed by a double colon has an optional parameter (no example here).
Processing the switches. Your program must use getopt() in a loop, as shown, to read and validate the switches that are present and store that information in Param's variables. Print a usage comment after any error you discover. Getopt returns -1 when there are no more switches to process.
Processing the required arguments. After returning from getopt(), set a local variable, required = optind. Optind is a global variable, so this should be done immediately. The number is the subscript of the rst non-switch argument on the command line, and the rst thing you must process after returning from getopt().
Since there is only one required argument in DiskSweeper, required should be argc-1. If this is not true, print a usage error comment.
Set your path, equal to the required pathname.
Finishing up. After processing the command-line arguments, print a report like the one shown below and end. Test all of the command-line options and capture the results from all tests in one le, using append mode. Here is some sample output:
Command: sweep -v -o dupfiles.txt 10 ~/A_UNH/Teaching
Verbose? Yes
Delete? No
Output file name: dupfiles.txt
Size: 10 K or greater
Directory: ~/A_UNH/Teaching
error: Content is protected!!


text: The surface restructuring of Pt(111) electrodes upon electrochemical oxidation/reduction in 0.1 M HClO4 was studied by in situ grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering (GISAXS) and complementary scanning tunneling microscopy measurements. These methods allow quantitative determination of the formation and structural evolution of nanoscale Pt islands during potential cycles into the oxidation region. A characteristic ripening behavior is observed, where these islands become more prominent and homogeneous in size with increasing number of cycles. Their characteristic lateral dimensions primarily depend on the upper potential limit of the cycle and only slightly increase with cycle number. The structural evolution of the Pt surface morphology strongly resembles that found in studies of Pt(111) homoepitaxial growth and ion erosion in ultrahigh vacuum. It can be fully explained by a microscopic model based on the known surface dynamic behavior under vacuum conditions, indicating that the same dynamics also describe the structural evolution of Pt in the electrochemical environment.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


What does burby mean?
burby in Community Dictionary
Conversation ruiner. Can turn a standard discussion into a trainwreck instantly. by Danelle CuddyReport definition
a: Extraordinarily rotund, elephantine, mastodonic.v: (burbing) To inhale copious quantities of meals IE: lard. by MandyReport definition
40 votes
How would you define burby?


text: John Jeffries was a Boston physician, scientist, and military surgeon with the British army during the Revolutionary War. Jeffries is recognized as the first "weatherman." As noted in a previous column, he was an early balloonist and accompanied Jean-Pierre Blanchard in 1785 as their balloon crossed the English Channel. During the flight, Dr. Jeffries took weather readings with a telescope, timepiece, compass, thermometer, barometer hydrometer — to measure humidity — and an electrometer — to determine electrical activity. He also used a ribbon and scissors to determine the rise and fall of the balloon and a pen and pencil to ascertain if thin air affected their use. Today marks his birthday in 1744, known as National Weatherman's Day. Thanks to Cookies by Design for their Weatherman's Day gifts. Fastcast: Early rain.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Self Sufficiency and Survival Foods
This book is a valuable self sufficiency reference manual for every person and family. This book offers encouragement about the importance of being as self sufficient as you can, and an action plan to help you 'ride the storms'.
Author and herbalist, Isabell Shipard, shows you how to be prepared with a step-by-step emergency management plan for food provisions and essential supplies.
Self Sufficiency – You will learn how to:
- plan for a 72-hour kit.
- prepare sufficient food, water and essentials for a 3-month period.
- store 12-months' supply of food for extra protection (including hardy survival food plants to include in your garden).
- preserve and store foods.
- know and use edible weeds and flowers in your garden.
- avoid poisonous plants.
- identify edible native bush food plants.
- make herbs a part of your survival plan.
- save seeds.
- and much more!
The book is A4 size, 136 pages, and beautifully illustrated with over 100 coloured pictures. The full colour cover is celloglazed, with a durable stitched and bound spine.
[youtube id="kwgHYL7FA3Q" width="600″ height="350″ autoplay="no" api_params="" class="myCenteredVid"]
"For many years I taught Herb Courses, covering many edible plants, and included a segment on survival foods and the importance of self-sufficiency for possible hard times. People often expressed that I should put this information into a book.
With the economic squeeze in Australia, and severe drought experienced over large areas of farmland, just what will the future hold for average Australian families? Everyone is experiencing the pressure, as food, fuel and the cost of living has dramatically risen in price. In this 21st century, we are seeing major disasters that are disrupting peoples lives in so many areas of the world. We must all be more conscious of ways to reduce, recycle, repair and reuse items and consider how we can all tread more softly on Planet Earth.
What I desire is that all who read this book will be inspired and motivated to take action for the benefit of the planet.
We need to encourage one another to be as self sufficient as possible… now… in our gardens, as this is the most nutritious fresh food and and cheapest way to live in these times of rising prices. Growing our own food is very satisfying as well as beneficial to health and well-being." – Isabell Shipard, Author
Isabell Shipard (who sadly passed away in 2014), was one of Australia's most knowledgable and sought after authorities on herbs. She was author of the acclaimed books How can I Use Herbs in my Daily Life? and How can I Grow and Use Sprouts as Living Food? The book is A4 size, 136 pages, and beautifully illustrated with over 100 coloured pictures. The full colour cover is celloglazed, with a durable stitched and bound spine.
"Personally, I've learned a tremendous amount of practical information from this book and also the companion Self Sufficiency Course on DVD. I have been applying this knowledge gradually so our family is better prepared. Our garden is more resilient with plants that perform multiple functions. Our goal is to keep taking small steps regularly to add new species to our garden. To learn how to use a diverse range of herbs and medicinal plants especially those high in protein and energy. To preserve some of our harvest and implement the strategies in this book. Doing so helps us feel more in control, self-reliant, empowered to grow, cook, store and preserve our food. It's an invaluable resource." – Anne Gibson


text:
Make a multi-coloured bat craft using a few simple materials:
What you need:
Paint the clothespin a dark colour (brown, black or purple will do). Have the kids use their darker watercolor paints to paint the coffee filter halves. Once the paint has dried, insert the coffee filter into the head of the clothespin.
Add some googly eyes, and hang your bat from a string if you like and attach it to a ceiling fan or ceiling so that it looks like it is flying!


text:
Front Page DDBlock
Logic & Problem Solving Have Never Been Such Fun!
Active engagement is the name of the game in these 72 word-problem challenges for any computer or interactive whiteboard. Students drag and drop 4 kinds of beans to solve problems visually, developing both logic and number sense. One volunteer can demonstrate on an interactive whiteboard while others follow along with manipulatives at their seats and the teacher guides the discussion. Then the learning can continue at centers. As students progress through increasing levels of difficulty, the skills and the enthusiasm grow! These challenges can be used with a Singapore Math program or with any other math curriculum to make math come alive for students. (3-5)
Get ready to Spill the Beans!
Get ready to "Spill the Beans" about math with these hands-on cards. Students reinforce number sense, logic, and problem-solving skills as they work with real beans from your classroom to determine the answers to the problems on the cards. The interactive cards are numbered for easy differentiation and designed to keep students at all levels engaged, challenged, and motivated. Ideal for centers, too. (3-5) 84 cards.
Also available for Grades 4-6, Spill the Beans Challenge Level
Click here for Free stories, poems, crafts and puzzles from Highlights.


text:
EPISODE # 173
Naomi Oreskes — Why Trust Science?
In this interview, based on her landmark book, Why Trust Science?, historian of science Naomi Oreskes offers a bold and compelling defense of science, revealing why the social character of scientific knowledge is its greatest strength — and the greatest reason we can trust it. Drawing vital lessons from cases where scientists got it wrong, Oreskes shows how consensus is a crucial indicator of when a scientific matter has been settled, and when the knowledge produced is likely to be trustworthy.
You play a vital part in our commitment to promoting science and reason. If you enjoy the podcast, please show your support by making a $5 or $10 monthly donation.


text:
using flash buttons
Adding sound to each button
In this next step, we will add some audio to each of the buttons. Adding sound to the button timeline is a little counter-intuitive due to the way sound was originally designed to work in Flash. The idea is to have some audio play when we move the mouse arrow over a piece of equipment, and have the audio stop when we move the mouse off of the equipment.
First, we must import the audio files from tutorial materials to our Flash project. Click on the File menu at the top of the screen and from the import option select import to library.
Navigate to your sounds folder and while holding the shift key, select all of the sounds. This is an easy way to import multiple sounds at one time without having to repeat the process for each file.
Once you import your sounds, it is good practice to keep them organized in your library. Click on the new folder icon at the bottom of your library window and name the new folder sounds. Drag each audio file to the folder.
Now let's add some sound to each of the buttons. To start, double-click on one of the buttons on the stage that you created from the previous lesson. This will bring you into symbol editing mode. In this example, we will use the helmet button. Click on the over state in your timeline, highlighting the keyframe.
Next, click on your properties window. Look under the section for sounds. (if you do not see the sounds menu in your properties window, try clicking on the over state keyframe again.) The sound name option will list all sounds that it finds loaded into your library. Pick the corresponding sound that matches with your button.
Next set the sync option to start. The sync describes how the sound will be synced with the timeline. If we choose event, every time a person moves the mouse over the button a new instance of the sound will be played, and this will sound chaotic. The start option will make sure only one instance of the sound file is played until it is stopped.
If you test the project now, you will see we are only have way done with the sound. It will play when we move the mouse arrow over the button, but will not stop when we move off of the button. This next step seems a little counter-intuitive, but it allows Flash to stop the sound that is playing. Next, click on the Up state in your timeline.
Then in your properties window, you will repeat the process of setting the sound name to your audio file. However, this time set the sync to stop.
Now test your project and you will see how the sound plays when you move the mouse arrow over a button, and stops when you move it off of a button.


text:
Preparing hypervisor devices
- Verify that you are running a supported version of the software.
- Obtain the user name and password of an account on the server that is authorized to use the vSphere API.
- Determine whether to use SSL.
Resource Manager uses WinRM to monitor the following Microsoft Hyper-V systems:
- Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2016
- Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2012 and 2012 R2
- Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2008 and 2008 R2
To prepare a Hyper-V system for WinRM monitoring, refer to the support article that describes the options and provides the procedures for configuring your systems.


NavMesh building components API
Creating a NavMesh Agent
Advanced NavMesh Bake Settings
Min Region Area
The Min Region Area advanced build settings allows you to cull away small non-connected NavMesh regions. NavMesh regions whose surface area is smaller than the specified value, will be removed.
Please note that some areas may not get removed despite the Min Region Area setting. The NavMesh is built in parallel as a grid of tiles. If an area straddles a tile boundary, the area is not removed. The reason for this is that the area pruning happens at a stage in the build process where surrounding tiles are not accessible.
Voxel Size
Manual voxel size allows you to change the accuracy at which the bake process operates.
The NavMesh bake process uses voxelization to build the NavMesh from arbitrary level geometry. In the first pass of the algorithm, the scene is rasterized into voxels, then the walkable surfaces are extracted, and finally the walkable surfaces are turned into a navigation mesh. The voxel size describes how accurately the resulting NavMesh represents the scene geometry.
The default accuracy is set so that there are 3 voxels per agent radius, that is, the whole agent width is 6 voxels. This is a good trade off between accuracy and bake speed. Halving the voxel size will increase the memory usage by 4x and it will take 4x longer to build the scene.
Generally you should not need to adjust the voxel size, there are two scenarios where this might be necessary: building a smaller agent radius, or more accurate NavMesh.
Smaller Agent Radius
When you bake for an artificially smaller agent radius, the NavMesh bake system will also reduce the voxel size. If your other agent dimensions stays the same, it may not be necessary to increase the NavMesh build resolution.
The easiest way to do that is as follows:
 1. Set the Agent Radius to the real agent radius.
 2. Turn on the Manual Voxel Size, this will take the current voxel size and "freeze it".
 3. Set the artificially smaller Agent Radius, since you have checked on the Manual Voxel Size the voxel size will not change.
More Accurate NavMesh
If your level has a lot of tight spots, you may want to increase the accuracy by making the voxel smaller. The label under the Voxel Size shows the relation between the voxel size and Agent Radius. A good range is something between 2–8, going further than that generally results really long build times.
When you intentionally build tight corridors in your game, please note that you should leave at least 4 * voxelSize clearance in addition to the agent radius, especially if the corridors are at angles.
If you need smaller corridors than the NavMesh baking can support, please consider using Off-Mesh Links. These have the additional benefit that you can detect when they are being used and can, for example, play a specific animation.
Further reading
NavMesh building components API
Creating a NavMesh Agent


What is Remote Desktop Connection and Why It is Used?
In this article, I'm going to explain what is remote desktop connection (RDC) and the beauty of using this service. It is considered by many IT professionals to be a savior because it makes their job easier without having them to move from their desk or drive to another location to resolve a computer related issue. I personally use this feature in Windows a lot to resolve my issues at work. I remember one day when I had to remote to one of my branch's computer far away from where I work to assist to resolve their issues and I didn't have to move from my desk. As I said, this is a very useful tool and not only IT professionals can use it, anybody can use it even within your home.
What is remote desktop connection
What is Remote Desktop Connection?
Basically, remote desktop is a software application or feature in Windows that allows users to connect to another computer from a remote location. In other words, I am working at a big enterprise as an IT professional with lots of branches all over the United States and one of the branch's computer is having a problem printing. I can remotely connect to that computer from my location and install the print driver to that computer without flying or driving to that location.
Why Must I Use Remote Desktop Connection?
We just talk about what is remote desktop connection so let's focus on why we should use it. Remote Desktop is used to operate a Windows computer from a remote location as if you were in front of it. Depending on the permissions you define, you will have full access to all resources, including printers, storage devices, and the network to which the machine is attached. You are even capable of accessing multiple machines at once or hopping to multiple machines in a chain, by running Remote Desktop on each machine on the daisy chain. In other words, PC1 has a Remote Desktop connection to PC2, and PC2 has a Remote Desktop connection to PC3. PC1 has access to PC3 through the open window that displays PC2's desktop.
The Downside of Remote Desktop Connection
The biggest limitation of Remote Desktop on Windows is that only one person can be logged in to the machine at once, so once you log in using Remote Desktop, the monitor at the local computer will go to the login screen. If a local user logs in, the remote user will be disconnected. Remote Desktop is not really a remote diagnostic and troubleshooting tool as much as a management tool.
How It Works?
Remote Desktop can be used to access a user's computer to provide assistance with various types of issues. The problem with Remote Desktop for troubleshooting an end user's computer is that it must be enabled and a user must be granted privileges to log in with network access. If a user does not have a password set up to log in to his or her computer, Remote Desktop will not allow that user name to be used to log in. If no other user name exists, there is no opportunity for Remote Desktop to work.
Remote desktop connection is one of the best maintenance tool that is built into the Windows operating system. It allows users to access another computer within a building or another location. It is used to gain access to a computer as if you are in front of it to troubleshoot any issues that may arise on that computer.
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text:
Precondition should be a noun, if it is a single word, or begin with a noun if it is a short sentence.
Resonance: In physical systems, classical (or mechanical) resonance refers to the phenomenon that a system can oscillate with larger amplitude at some frequencies than at others. These are known as the system's resonant (or resonance) frequencies. At these frequencies even small external forces that are applied repeatedly can produce large amplitude oscillations, which may seriously damage or even destroy the system.
Resource (as aspect): A Resource is something that is needed or consumed while a function is carried out. A Resource can represent matter, energy, information, competence, software, tools, manpower, etc. Time can, in principle, also be considered as a Resource, but since Time has a special status it is treated as a separate aspect. Since some Resources are consumed while the function is carried out and others are not, it is useful to distinguish between Resources on the one hand and Execution Conditions on the other. The difference is that a while a Resource is consumed by a function, so that there will be less of it as time goes by, an Execution Condition is not consumed but only needs to be available or exist while a function is active. The difference between a Precondition and an Execution Condition is that the former is only required before the function starts, but not while it is carried out. The description of a Resource (or an Execution Condition) should be a noun, if it is a single word, or begin with a noun if it is a short sentence.
Simple description of Output variability: The simple description of the possible variability of the Output from a function comprises two dimensions:
The Output can vary with respect to time, being either too early, on time, too late, or omitted (not occurring at all).
The Output can vary with regard to precision, being either precise, imprecise, or acceptable.
Snowflakes: 'Snowflakes' are a nickname for FRAM hexagons. The name is based on the similarity between the graphical representations. The idea of a non-linear development was also initially communicated by using an avalanche as an analogy. Today, the'snowflake' reference is, however, considered obsolete and potentially misleading, and should therefore be avoided.
Stochastic resonance: Stochastic resonance can be defined as the enhanced sensitivity of a device to a weak signal that occurs when random noise is added to the mix. The outcome of stochastic resonance is non-linear, which simply means that the output is not directly proportional to the input. The outcome can also occur – or emerge – instantaneously, unlike classical resonance which must be built-up over time.
System: Systems are usually defined with reference to their structure, i.e., in terms of their parts and how they are connected or put together. Common definitions emphasise both that the system is a whole, and that it is composed of independent parts or objects that are interrelated in one way or another. Definitions of this type make it natural to rely on the principle of decomposition to understand how a system functions, and to explain the overall functioning in terms of the functioning of the components or parts – keeping in mind, of course, that the whole is larger than the sum of the parts. It is, however, entirely possible to define a system in a different way, namely in terms of how it functions rather than in terms of what the components are and how they are put together. From this perspective, a system is a set of coupled or mutually dependent functions. This means that the characteristic performance of the system – of the set of functions – cannot be understood unless it includes a description of all the functions, i.e., the set as a whole. The delimitation of the system is thus not based on its structure or on relations among components (the system architecture). An organisation, for instance, should not be characterised by what it is but by what it does. Neither should it be characterised by the people who are in a given place (on the organisation chart or in reality) but by the functions they performs. One consequence of a functional perspective is that the distinction between a system and its environment, and thereby also the system boundary, becomes less important, cf., the distinction between of foreground and background functions.
Task: the formal description of work as it expeted to be carried out. According to the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, a task is "any piece of work that has to be done," which is generally taken to mean one or more functions or activities that must be carried out to achieve a specific goal. The origin is in French ergonomics in the 1950s, where a distinction was made beween task (tâche) and activity (activité). The task corresponds to the formal description of work (checking out a customer at a supermarket, taking a blood sample in a hospital, starting up a coal-fired power plant). The activity corresponds to the description of how the task is carried out in practice. Task and activity thus corresponds to work-as-imagined (WAI) and work-as-done (WAD). A task is usually described in a specific order or organisation as the result of a task analysis, which is the study of what people, individually and collectively, are required to do to achieve a specific goal, or, simply put, as who does what and why. A task usually comprises a number of steps and/or sub-tasks, hence a number of functions.
Time (as aspect): The Time aspect of a function represents the various ways in which Time can affect how a function is carried out. Time, or rather temporal relations, can be seen as a form of Control. One example of that is when Time represents the sequencing conditions. A function may, for instance, have to be carried out (or be completed) before another function, after another function, or overlapping with – parallel to – another function. Time may also relate to a function alone, seen in relation to either clock time or elapsed time. Time can also be seen as representing a Resource, such as when something must be completed before a certain point in time, or within a certain duration (as when a report must be produced in less than a week). Time can, of course, also be seen as a Precondition, e.g., that a function must not begin before midnight, or that it must not begin before another functions has been completed. Yet rather than having Time as a part of either of the three aspects of a function – or indeed, the four since it conceivably could also be considered as an Input – it seems reasonable to recognise its special status by having it as an aspect in its own right. The description of a Time aspect should be a noun, if it is a single word, or begin with a noun if it is a short sentence.
The description of a Time aspect could also be one of the commonly used descriptors of a temporal relationship [Allen, J. F. (1983). Maintaining knowledge about temporal intervals, Communications of the ACM, 26(11), 832-843].
Upstream functions: An upstream function is defined in a similar way as a downstream function (q.v.) as a function that – in a given instantiation – happens before other functions, and which therefore may affect them. The notion of upstream function is relative rather than absolute.


united states | resilience
The strength and skills to cope when adversity hits home.
Children's Education Initiatives in United States | Finding strength in the face of adversity
Challenges, big and small, are part of life. Whether it's a playground conflict, bullying, or life-changing experiences such as a family member's divorce or imprisonment, the pressure and anxiety these experiences inflict can be overwhelming for a young child. That is why Sesame Workshop is extending a furry hand to vulnerable children confronting these and other tough situations.
Featuring the lovable cast of Sesame Street, our Child Resilience Initiative gives children ages 2 to 5 and their families valuable education and skills to cope with adversity at home and school. Developed with input from psychologists and child-development experts, this multimedia toolkit is designed to bolster kids' sense of self, help them develop positive conflict resolution skills, and express their feelings in positive ways. Armed with these skills and the secure support of adults, children can find the strength to face everyday challenges and whatever else life may bring.


Danone Font Vella
How Danone encouraged children to drink more water by making it fun.
1. What is the observed insight?
A pioneer study carried out in Spain reveals that children and adolescents do not drink enough water. 87% of them do not comply with EFSA's recommendations that children aged 4 to 8 years should drink 1.6l, while those aged 9-13 years should drink 1.9l daily.*
2. The Nudge
Font Vella Kids is specifically designed for boys and girls between 4 and 11 years old. In this context, we developed a 33cl natural mineral water bottle with an attractive design shaped and branded with children's favorite Disney characters.
It has a playful design to encourage children to drink natural mineral water on a regular basis and is adapted to their needs with an ergonomic design that can be handed comfortably.
3. Evidence path
Font Vella Disney children's bottles have reached 2 millions of homes, with a 16.9% increase in the children's segment category. Consumers' great interest in this product is due to the design of these bottles which makes the experience of drinking natural mineral water for children more attractive and creates the habit of a healthy hydration.
* EFSA. Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for water. EFSA J. 2010 8 :1459 _URL_


text:
Is it possible to prepare for a food crisis? How should the severity of the health risk be estimated? When and how should communication be established in a food crisis? These are only a few of the questions which will be discussed at the 2nd workshop on 'Current Challenges of Risk Assessment in Food Safety' in the Cape Verdean capital Cidade de la Praia from April 10-12, 2018.
The workshop is being organised jointly by the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), the Portuguese authority for food safety and economy (Autoridade de Seguranca Alimentar e Economica, ASAE) and the Cape Verdean authority for the regulation and monitoring of pharmaceutical products and foods (Agencia de Regulacao e Supervisao dos Produtos Farmaceuticos e Alimentares de Cabo Verde, ARFA). Representatives of scientific institutions and authorities from Europe and the Portuguese-speaking countries of Africa and South America will be taking part in the workshop. "In the event that an outbreak of foodborne disease develops into a crisis, appropriate political decisions have to be made under extreme time pressure," explains BfR President, Professor Dr. Dr. Andreas Hensel, "and this requires the advance development of crisis plans and the build-up of the corresponding structures for risk assessment and risk communication, which then take effect immediately when a crisis occurs and which can be modified accordingly".
During the workshop itself, using the example of concrete scenarios, participants from Cabo Verde, Angola, Brazil, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Mozambique are to prepare strategies for dealing with disease outbreaks caused by pathogens in and on food. In addition to the assessment of the health risk and recommendations to risk management on how to deal with each situation, the primary objective is adequate risk communication in critical situations. This must be coordinated with the communicative, technical and cultural circumstances of each respective affected region and it must also reach the people it is addressed to representatives of the responsible authorities as well as normal people. In essence, the goal of the workshop is to develop a deeper understanding of the significance of clear structures in food safety, the advantages of effective methods of risk analysis and assessment and the great value of clear, unequivocal, consistent and timely communication of risks.
About the BfR
The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) is a scientifically independent institution within the portfolio of the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) in Germany. It advises the Federal Government and Federal Laender on questions of food, chemical and product safety. The BfR conducts its own research on topics that are closely linked to its assessment tasks.
This text version is a translation of the original German text which is the only legally binding version.


Dogs Pets Rottweiler
How to Train a Rottweiler in Five Simple Steps
Five Tips to Train Your RottweilerTraining the Rottweiler is very simple. It just takes a little dedication, patience together with five simple tactics and you'll train them successfully.
Here are 5 Super Suggestions for how to break in your Rottweiler with great results:
1. In order to prevent the Rottweiler from getting disoriented and in order that they will be able to learn to recognize instructions readily just one person should be responsible for training your Rottweiler initially. When too many people try to train your Rottweiler at once this can stop progress in its tracks.
2. Trainers should always take advantage of positive reinforcements and feedback. Once a Rottweiler obeys, you should reward this behavior so that he will understand that what he did was right. If a Rottweiler does not understand or follow instructions, don't punish him. Rottweilers aren't as intelligent as we are, they take longer to learn. What you have to accept is that they will not readily follow all your orders in only one training, it requires repeated actions to break in your Rottweiler successfully. Do not push the Rottweiler because he could develop anxiety which may retard his learning and ability to be taught. You may give them treats or food to praise the Rottweiler, but you do not want to overdue it.
3. Teach skills 1 at a time. Make sure to teach him 1 order after the next. In case he won't remember it, try to remain on that order only because trying other lessons might just confuse the Rottweiler. Stick to the basics.
4. When executing instructions, keep your inflection pleasant so your Rottweiler will happily obey the instructions. Rottweilers will respond to a low and confident tone. If you ever scream, he could get unresponsive and startled.
5. Train a Rottweiler in multiple locales. When you keep your Rottweiler in a particular place like your home, he might not be able to adjust to a new environment with new individuals. Take him to your park or throughout the neighborhood. This will help your Rottweiler get familiar with more breeds and people.
Conclusion: Rottweiler Training
Teaching a Rottweiler will often be hard, but it will always be worth it. The bottom line is, you'll be the beneficiary when your Rottweiler is taught. Who knows, he could even save your life in the future and pay back everything you taught him.
Don't forget to check out these other articles about Rottweilers


text:
Read KidsOhio's new analysis, Columbus City Schools' Hispanic Population Increased over 20 Percent in Five School Years. Here's what you'll learn about Columbus City Schools' Hispanic population from this four-page brief:
- Historical enrollment by grade level
- Enrollment compared to the 15 other Franklin County school districts
- Students' poverty, limited English proficiency and mobility rates
- Students' math and reading proficiency compared to the district as a whole
- Students' graduation rate compared to other ethnic subgroups and the district as a whole
You will also learn about the top ten non-English, home languages spoken by Columbus City Schools students. In total, there are 79 languages spoken.


Method lets AI create better original images
Researchers report a new method for controlling how artificial intelligence systems create images.
terms like tree, mountain, person refer to areas of an image. To the right, better and worse examples of image with skier in snow
The new AI method enables the system to create and retain a background image, while also creating figures that are consistent from picture to picture, but show change or movement. (Credit: NC State)
"Our approach is highly reconfigurable," says Tianfu Wu, coauthor of a paper on the work and an assistant professor of computer engineering at North Carolina State University. "Like previous approaches, ours allows users to have the system generate an image based on a specific set of conditions. But ours also allows you to retain that image and add to it. For example, users could have the AI create a mountain scene. The users could then have the system add skiers to that scene."
In addition, the new approach allows users to have the AI manipulate specific elements so that they are identifiably the same but have moved or changed in some way. For example, the AI might create a series of images showing skiers turn toward the viewer as they move across the landscape.
The paper appears in the journal IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.
Source: NC State


text:
How it works
- APSL scholarships are aimed at school children between the ages 9 to 17, or up to the completion of GCE A levels, whichever comes first,
- The Scholarship Coordinator, through local coordinators, informs the Sri Lankan schools of the bursary, eligibility criteria and how to apply,
- Teachers look out for gifted children at risk of dropping out of education due to economic hardships,
- Children identified are discreetly approached and informed of the scheme, provided with application forms and encouraged to apply,
- Applications completed by parents or guardians and countersigned by schools headteachers are sent to the APSL Scholarship panel for consideration,
- Selected applicants are informed in writing. They sign to accept the offer and provide a bank account in the child's name to receive the funds,
- Each recipient is given Rs5000 during the first month followed by Rs3000 each month thereafter.
On-going monitoring is carried out through the local coordinators who provide regular reports to APSL, to ensure that
- Appropriate use of funds for the befit of the child – through a monthly statement from Parent / guardian,
- Educational progress: through copies of end-of-term school reports.
- Which determines the continuation of funding from one year to the next.


Interiors: How to create a family friendly living room
When you live alone, decorating your home is a relatively easy process as you only have to take your own wants and needs into account, so keeping everyone happy is far from a challenge. Unfortunately, when you have a family, it's not quite so simple. You have to consider ideas from every person living in your home and do your best to ensure that everyone gets what they want. If you have fairly young children, you also need to pay close attention to safety and any potential risks. The living room is the most sociable area of most family homes, so it's vital that this space works well. Here are ten ways you can create a more family-friendly living room:
 1. Dedicate A Space
Unless you already have a separate playroom in your home, it makes sense to dedicate an area of your living room to your children. If you don't, you could end up with a living space that's cluttered with toys and games, leaving you little room to relax and unwind when you want to. Make sure that your kids have some storage for their toys, whether that be in the form of a toy box or something that fits more in with the decor, and set some clear boundaries for playing.
 1. Clear The Clutter
Depending on the age of your children, you should consider moving or removing some of the ornaments and decorative pieces from your living room. When kids first start learning to walk, they love exploring, which means that your little ones might grab onto the things on your coffee table, lower shelves, and other surfaces. This could leave them hurt and your ornaments broken. It's much better that you move these things now, to avoid any upset either way. Living room furniture sets often come with ottomans or footstools that can be helpful here!
 1. Hide Your Storage
In a family home, there's no such thing as too much storage, so you should incorporate as much into your living room as you possibly can. If you already have shelves, cabinets, and cupboards in your space, and you still don't have enough, then you should consider hidden storage options. For example, you could turn your window seat into a storage chest or buy an ottoman that opens up to put things inside. You could also slide drawers and baskets under your sofa and chairs.
 1. Always Cut Corners
When you have little ones wandering about, you become very conscious of all of the things they could hurt themselves on. In particular, you become very aware of how dangerous the corners on square and rectangular coffee tables can be. Rather than cover these corners with ugly safety bumpers, you should invest in a round option instead. Circle coffee tables and large ottomans both work well in any living room and are much safer for toddlers and small children.
 1. Cushion The Blow
When toddlers first learn to walk, they fall over an awful lot. To cut down on bumps and bruises, you should cushion the blow by placing a large rug in the centre of your living room. Although you could carpet the entire space, this can make cleaning incredibly difficult. It's much better that you have hard floors that you can mop or wipe, and a rug that you can stick in the washing machine. Just make sure that your rug is securely stuck down or it could become a trip hazard.
 1. Durable And Removable
Regardless of their age, children aren't the cleanest of creatures, so you should do everything you can to make cleaning your living room easier. Having a rug instead of carpets is a good place to start, but you should also remember your furniture. The last thing that you want is for sticky hands and muddy feet to ruin your sofa, so consider the kid-friendly options available. Durable materials, like leather, and removable covers are both incredibly sensible ideas.
 1. Stick To Shutters
Choosing window treatments for your home is incredibly tricky when you have children. Blinds, unfortunately, tend to have cords, which can become wrapped around your little ones and cause injury, whereas curtains, depending on the length, can be climbed or pulled down. To avoid any of this, you should head to a site like and buy some shutters instead. These are much less dangerous, don't have any cords or rods to play with, and are incredibly easy to clean.
 1. Display Their Masterpieces
When a child paints you an adorable picture or draws something cool, most parents tend to stick it on the fridge for the world to see. Of course, you could continue to do this, but this can make your kitchen look cluttered and could also end up ruining the masterpiece your little one has created. Because of this, you should stop sticking these pictures on the fridge and frame them instead. This way, you can display them proudly on your living room wall or shelf.
 1. Organise Your Cords
With televisions, games consoles, DVD players, laptops, mobile phones, and more, your living room is full of plug sockets and power cables. For adults, this isn't too much of an issue, but when you have little ones roaming about, they can be incredibly dangerous. To stay safe, you should keep your cords organised, cable tie them together, and secure them to the floor or wall. You can also visit for advice on how to protect your plug sockets.
 1. Opt For Open
Modern family life can be incredibly busy, which means there's often little time to bond as a family. To make this easier, you should create a space that encourages communication and quality time. Creating an open plan living room is an incredibly good idea, as it means that one family member can be in the kitchen, while another is in the living room, but you can still interact with, talk to, and spend time with one another, even though you're doing different things.
Creating a living room that suits your entire family can be tricky, but, hopefully, with these tips, you'll find the process a little easier to handle.
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text:
This 60 minute eCPD tutorial discusses nursing the critical patient, which requires the veterinary nurse to be familiar with monitoring techniques. It is vital that the veterinary nurse is able to identify changes in clinical parameters and bring them to the attention of the case veterinary surgeon.
The aims of this lecture are to cover the following aspects of critical care nursing:
- What is critical care nursing?
- The type of patients we monitor
- Monitoring equipment
- Parameters that we monitor
Eleanor Haskey BSc(hons), VTS(ECC), VPAC A1, RVN
This tutorial is worth 60 minutes of CPD.
Course notes to accompany this tutorial are included.


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I searched a lot, read many blogs, articles, tutorials, but until now did not get a working example that I could use face book account to log into my application.
I know that i have to use OAuth, get tokens, autorizations, etc...
Anyone can share a example? (on GAE/JAVA)
share|improve this question
5 Answers 5
up vote 38 down vote accepted
Here is how I do it on App Engine:
Step 1) Register an "app" on Facebook (cf. _URL_ ). You give Facebook a name for the app and a url. The url you register is the url to the page (jsp or servlet) that you want to handle the login. From the registration you get two strings, an "app ID" and an "app secret" (the latter being your password, do not give this out or write it in html).
For this example, let's say the url I register is "_URL_
2) From a webpage, say with a button, you redirect the user to the following url on Facebook, substituting your app id for "myfacebookappid" in the below example. You also have to choose which permissions (or "scopes") you want the ask the user (cf. _URL_ ). In the example I ask for access to the user's email only.
(A useful thing to know is that you can also pass along an optional string that will be returned unchanged in the "scope" parameter. For instance, I pass the user's datastore key, so I can retrieve the user when Facebook passes the key back to me. I do not do this in the example.)
Here is a jsp snippet:
<%_USER_ import="java.net.URLEncoder" %>
 String fbURL = "_URL_ + URLEncoder.encode("_URL_ + "&scope=email";
3) Your user will be forwarded to Facebook, and asked to approve the permissions you ask for. Then, the user will be redirected back to the url you have registered. In this example, this is "_URL_ which in my web.xml maps to the following servlet:
import org.json.JSONObject;
import org.json.JSONException;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class SignInFB extends HttpServlet {
 public void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException {
 String code = req.getParameter("code");
 if (code == null || code.equals("")) {
 // an error occurred, handle this
 String token = null;
 try {
 String g = "_URL_ + URLEncoder.encode("_URL_ "UTF-8") + "&client_secret=myfacebookappsecret&code=" + code;
 URL u = new URL(g);
 URLConnection c = u.openConnection();
 BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(c.getInputStream()));
 String inputLine;
 StringBuffer b = new StringBuffer();
 b.append(inputLine + "\n");
 token = b.toString();
 if (token.startsWith("{"))
 throw new Exception("error on requesting token: " + token + " with code: " + code);
 } catch (Exception e) {
 // an error occurred, handle this
 String graph = null;
 try {
 String g = "_URL_ + token;
 URL u = new URL(g);
 URLConnection c = u.openConnection();
 String inputLine;
 StringBuffer b = new StringBuffer();
 b.append(inputLine + "\n");
 graph = b.toString();
 } catch (Exception e) {
 // an error occurred, handle this
 String facebookId;
 String firstName;
 String middleNames;
 String lastName;
 String email;
 Gender gender;
 try {
 JSONObject json = new JSONObject(graph);
 facebookId = json.getString("id");
 firstName = json.getString("first_name");
 if (json.has("middle_name"))
 middleNames = json.getString("middle_name");
 middleNames = null;
 if (middleNames!= null && middleNames.equals(""))
 middleNames = null;
 lastName = json.getString("last_name");
 email = json.getString("email");
 if (json.has("gender")) {
 String g = json.getString("gender");
 if (g.equalsIgnoreCase("female"))
 gender = Gender.FEMALE;
 else if (g.equalsIgnoreCase("male"))
 gender = Gender.MALE;
 gender = Gender.UNKNOWN;
 } else {
 gender = Gender.UNKNOWN;
 } catch (JSONException e) {
 // an error occurred, handle this
I have removed error handling code, as you may want to handle it differently than I do. (Also, "Gender" is of course a class that I have defined.) At this point, you can use the data for whatever you want, like registering a new user or look for an existing user to log in. Note that the "myfacebookappsecret" string should of course be your app secret from Facebook.
You will need the "org.json" package to use this code, which you can find at: _URL_ (just take the.java files and add them to your code in an org/json folder structure).
I hope this helps. If anything is unclear, please do comment, and I will update the answer.
Ex animo, - Alexander.
I want to add a few tidbits of information, my apologies if some of this seems a bit excessive.
To be able to log in a user by his/her Facebook account, you need to know which user in the datastore we are talking about. If it's a new user, easy, create a new user object (with a field called "facebookId", or whatever you want to call it, whose value you get from Facebook), persist it in the datastore and log the user in.
If the user exist, you need to have the field with the facebookId. When the user is redirected from Facebook, you can grab the facebookId, and look in the datastore to find the user you want to log in.
If you already have users, you will need to let them log in the way you usually do, so you know who they are, then send them to Facebook, get the facebookId back and update their user object. This way, they can log in using Facebook the next time.
Another small note: The user will be presented with a screen on Facebook asking to allow your app access to whatever scopes you ask for, there is no way around this (the less scopes you ask for, the less intrusive it seems, though). However, this only happens the first time a user is redirected (unless you ask for more scopes later, then it'll ask again).
share|improve this answer
I don't see you validating the signed_request property to verify if the user/request is actually valid, but apart from that, those are indeed the steps to be taken... – Marcelo Mar 6 '12 at 11:01
Alexander, with this code, if the user was logged into facebook, and open my GAE, it will auto-check the facebook account? or the user will always need to click somewhere to "Authenticate"? – LeandroRezende Mar 6 '12 at 12:39
You can do two things with this code. (1) Allow new users to click "sign up with facebook" and (2) allow existing users to log in just by clicking a "log in with your facebook account". They can both click the same link, and when the servlet above is run, you can check the database and see if you have a registered user with this facebookId. If so, you can log that user in. If not, you can create a new user, and store the facebookId. Yes, if the user is logged into facebook and has approved any permissions, this code will log the person in, without having to click anywhere. – yngling Mar 6 '12 at 12:55
A small additional note: You can of course also allow existing users of your app to log in with Facebook (i.e. updating their user object with their facebookId). This can for instance be done by passing the user's datastore key in the state parameter I briefly mention, then letting the servlet above grab it and update the user with the facebookId (or you could use the session to detect the user instead). – yngling Mar 6 '12 at 13:35
Alexander, thx for all your ideas, tonight i will try to make it work on my APP – LeandroRezende Mar 6 '12 at 19:25
You can try face4j _URL_ We've used it on our product _URL_ and have open sourced it for anyone to use. It works well on GAE.
There is an example on the wiki which should help you integrate login with facebook in a few minutes.
face4


PyChoReLib for Python 2.3
Why this project?
 - This projection was born out of enthusiasm
 - Enthusiasm about music and different ways to describe it using one of many music theories.
 - Enthusiasm about the Python programming language.
 - This project was born out of frustration
 - Existing open source auto-accompaniment systems typically specify chords using chord names
 despite lists of note names feeling more natural to me.
 - Not many people have open sourced their code to recognize chords --- or if they have, they hid it well.
 Many projects, on the other hand, have some plans to add chord recognition capabilities to their system in the "future".
 - The library provides in a number of classes which offer the following functionality:
 - transformation of a list of note names to a chord name:
 e.g. ['a', 'c#', 'e', 'g'] => A7
 Inversions are indicated using a slash and the root note.
 e.g. ['e', 'g', 'a', 'c#'] => A7 / E
 Chord recognition (for pragmatic reasons) ignores the difference between e.g. 'f#' and 'gb'.
 - Alternatively one can also recognize intervals. Recognition here does take
 into account the difference between e.g. 'f#' and 'gb'.
 e.g. ['c','f#'] => 'augmented fourth' or ['c', 'gb'] => 'diminished fifth'
 - Intervals and chords can be transposed:
 e.g. ['c','e'] transposed to 'f#' => ['f#','a#']
 ['c','e'] transposed to 'gb' => ['gb','bb']
 - For now, internally the library works with note names 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g'
 and modifiers '#' (sharp), 'b' (moll), 'x' (double sharp), 'bb' (double moll)
Current features
PyChoReLib in its current form is very much in Alpha-state. Nevertheless:
 - PyChoReLib can already recognize and name hundreds of chords.
 - New chords can be taught to the system "by example".
 e.g. teach the system that ['c','e','g'] is called 'C', and using its built-in music theory
 knowledge it immediately knows how to recognize and label all major
 chords in all inversions or (more generally) permutations.
 - Once chord recognition definitions have been taught to the system,
 they can be saved to file, allowing for quick initialization of the recognizer.
 - Intervals and chords can be transposed.
 - PyChoReLib comes with two demo programs:
 - tests the functionality offered by the library using Python's unit testing framework
 - real-time converts midi input from midi devices (ALSA for linux, MME for win32) to chord names
 NOTE: This latter program needs the PyPortMidi software package to be installed and running.
Planned features
 - Extending the chord recognition database with new chord patterns.
 - Build in more music theory knowledge to automatically recognize more chords, while requiring less teaching.
 (Based on matching notes to scales?)
 - Add functionality to suggest a scale which can be used to improvise over a chord
 - Extensions to the midiinput proof of concept:
 - a teach mode in which the system can be taught new chords interactively
 - a GUI
 - proof of concept auto-arranger capabilities
 - Add support for alternative note names
(As you may have guessed, I suck at web design, which explains why this pages loads so fast and displays properly in most browsers.)
Please use the sourceforge infrastructure for communication about this project.
There be screenshots!


Beuronese Murals - The Visitation
The Visitation of Mary to Elizabeth
After the Annunciation, Mary went with haste to a Judaean town in the hill country, where she visited her pregnant cousin, Elizabeth. When Elizabeth heard Mary's greeting, the child in her womb, John the Baptist, leapt with joy. The story is told in Luke (1:39-42). The basilica mural of "The Visitation" shows Mary greeting her cousin just outside the house of Elizabeth and Zachary.
Elizabeth said, "How is it that the mother of my Lord should come to me?" Her kneeling position is a sign of her humility before the Lord and his mother. The two pregnant women, framed by the palm tree, are flanked on one side by a hatted Joseph, with his walking stick and donkey (all of which will appear in the panel of "The Flight into Egypt"), and Zachary, depicted as an aged person (as Elizabeth and Zachary invariably were). Mary's response to Elizabeth's question is the text of the Magnificat, the canticle sung daily at Evening Prayer (Luke 1:46-55).
You are here: Home Basilica Beuronese Murals


text:
Are Grades 10-12 physical sciences teachers equipped to teach physics?
MetadataShow full item record
South African schools have been confronted with educational reform since the mid-nineties and the process is still continuing. The concomitant changes put a very high demand on physical sciences teachers and also have an impact on teacher behaviour. The purpose of this study was to probe whether teachers could be considered equipped to teach the physics part of the FET physical sciences curriculum. A revised framework on teacher behaviour, which includes three factors, namely teacher knowledge, teacher views and beliefs, and teacher attitudes, was used in conjunction with a questionnaire and a survey to analyse the data from individual and focus group interviews. A total of 68 FET physical sciences teachers from urban, township and rural schools participated in the research. Our findings indicate that teachers are positive about the curriculum. However, the problems identified with training, support and resources as well as the lack of teachers' subject content knowledge, particularly in rural and township schools, cannot be blamed on the curriculum and therefore cannot be fixed by curriculum changes.


Layer processing
Layer processing
Layers, slaughtered as "spent hens"
The so-called "spent hens" are processed in special processing plants. Typical for these birds is a matured skeleton (little cartilage), which is very weak because the egg production caused a lack of calcium (Osteoporose), and because they (especially the battery-birds) had little physical exercise. Before and during processing, many bones are therefore broken. Also typical is the pronounced keel bone.
The meat of spent hens is generally used for consumption as whole birds, or parts with breast meat going into added value products while the rest of the bird is exported to third countries. Alternatively, the meat is used for soup production, and combs can be harvested for medical and pharmaceutical purposes. The mature eggs are harvested during the evisceration process and further processed into products such as mayonnaise.
poultry processing
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text:
For more than 40 years the PEI Soil and Crop Improvement Association (Soil and Crop) has been a leader in the agricultural community in evaluating and demonstrating many new farming practices, crops, and soil and water conservation or protection techniques. Being directed by a volunteer board of farmers from all sectors, Soil and Crop has become a highly respected agricultural organization. The organization's strengths according to a 1999 survey of farmers
The PEI Soil and Crop Improvement Association is an organization committed to the conservation and wise-use of the agricultural land base on Prince Edward Island with the demonstration and promotion of practical management tools or techniques to sustain healthy land, water and air resources.
- Be an independent, arm's length evaluator and demonstrator of new and appropriate techniques and technology that will further soil and water conservation objectives
- Deliver appropriate third party programs to Island land holders
- Support projects and activities that meet the vision of the association
- Use experience and reputation to present the agricultural focus of soil and water conservation to the public.


6 Ways Seniors Benefit from Following Daily Routines
By 9 am on
Tips Seniors Benefit from Following Daily Routines in Tucson, AZ
Many people envision their retirement years as a time of rest and relaxation. However, when seniors don't follow regular routines, it can take a toll on their health. Here are six benefits of maintaining a daily routine in the senior years.
1. Lowers Stress
Aging can be stressful, and many seniors are worried about everything from their weekly budgets to their nutrition intake. Stress is compounded when a senior has a health condition, whether it's a cognitive disorder such as dementia or a mobility-restricting issue such as arthritis. When seniors follow consistent daily routines, they no longer have to worry about when they're going to eat lunch or what time they should go to bed. With time, the structure of each day will become embedded in muscle memory, keeping them going even when they feel anxious.
2. Provides Greater Feelings of Security
For anxiety-prone seniors, feelings of safety and security may seem out of reach. When they follow regular schedules, their days are more predictable. Predictability can be a great source of comfort for seniors, especially those facing disorienting transitions, such as moving out of their homes or being diagnosed with Alzheimer's.
3. Makes It Easier to Maintain Personal Hygiene
Mobility limitations such as diminished motor coordination can make it difficult to brush teeth or hair. Cognitive, emotional, and mental conditions such as dementia and depression can deplete the energy needed to perform basic hygiene tasks. When seniors have structure in their lives, they're more likely to practice good hygiene. Being able to follow personal care schedules may boost their self-esteem and brighten their outlook.
4. Boosts Cognitive Health
For seniors with dementia, schedules are especially crucial. Dementia doesn't have a significant impact on the part of the brain that stores repetitive actions, which means seniors with dementia may have an easier time remembering a daily schedule than the name of a new acquaintance or the time of their next doctor's appointment. The familiarity of these repetitive actions can provide relief from dementia-related disorientation. Structured schedules can also help seniors manage important daily tasks such as taking medication.
5. Makes Changes Easier to Notice
When seniors follow schedules, it's easier to identify when elements of their daily lives go awry. An aging adult who does laundry every Monday will probably notice when the weekly load of laundry becomes too heavy to carry. Not all seniors are willing to ask for help when they need it, but they're more likely to ask if they spot problems on their own.
6. Promotes Better Sleep
Getting eight hours of sleep every night is important at any age, but the restorative powers of slumber are particularly essential for senior health. When seniors follow schedules, they're more likely to go to bed at the same time every night, which makes it easier to fall asleep and enhances overall sleep quality.
 Request Free Information or
 Schedule a Free in-Home Consultation


text:
Mayhew is located at west of Columbus, north of Artesia, east of Starkville and south of West Point. According to the United States Geological Survey, a variant name is Mayhew Station. Mayhew Station was the original name given to this community when it was moved from its original site (near Muldrow, Mississippi) to alongside the tracks of the newly built Mobile and Ohio Railroad (later Gulf, Mobile & Ohio) in the very early 1850s. The original location of the town of Mayhew is now referred to as Old Mayhew, but only a cemetery exists there today. Mayhew held the distinction for most of the 20th Century as being home to Stover Apiaries, the world's largest Queen Bee apiary, which shipped queen bees to beekeepers worldwide.
Mayhew is also referred to as Mayhew Junction by area residents, a reference to when US Highways 82 and 45 crossed as at-grade two-lane highways. Before the construction of the new US 82 and the expansion of US 45 to four lanes, the intersection of the original highways was a four way stop, because it was quite dangerous. Several bars and service stations lined the four sides of the original intersection, and were torn down when the new expressways were built over a period of several years between 1975 and 1995.


ANU astronomer is first Australian to win major US award
23 January 2020
ANU Professor Lisa Kewley has transformed our understanding of the early years of the Universe, the development of galaxies, and what happens when they collide.
For her pioneering investigations across theory, modelling and observation, she will receive the US National Academy of Science's biennial James Craig Watson Medal in Washington DC.
"At school I thought physics would be too hard. At university they said there's a lot of maths," Professor Kewley said.
Professor Kewley is Director of the ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3D (ASTRO 3D) and ARC Laureate Fellow at the ANU Research School for Astronomy & Astrophysics. She is the first person in Australia and the Southern Hemisphere to be awarded the James Craig Watson Medal.
In awarding Professor Kewley the Medal, the Academy recognised the global impact of her research on our understanding of how galaxies have formed and evolved over the past 12 billion years.
"Now we understand how to make a computer model of the impact of star formation and supermassive black holes on their host galaxies," she said.
"We can run the model forward and see how we expect galaxies to evolve, and we can go backwards and see how galaxies like the Milky Way formed, shortly after the epoch of reionisation, when the early Universe lit up."
Professor Kewley said astronomy is in the midst of a golden era.
"Early in my career I benefited from the Hubble Space Telescope and the 10-metre Keck telescopes in Hawaii," she said.
"Students starting today are going to have access to amazing new telescopes including the James Webb Space Telescope, massive new optical telescopes in Chile and the Square Kilometre Array in Australia and South Africa.
"We're going to require astronomers, engineers, data experts and artificial intelligence to use these new instruments, taking us back to the moment of the Big Bang, finding new planets and more."
During her career, Professor Kewley has made fundamental contributions to the study of galaxy collisions, cosmic chemical abundances, galaxy energetics, and the star-formation history of galaxies.
Her widely cited papers cover the development of theoretical models to identify the power sources of galaxies, deriving the first star-formation rate calibration to correct for chemical abundance, revealing the distribution of oxygen abundances left behind by colliding galaxies, showing that low-ionisation nuclear emission-line regions are powered by super-massive black holes, and measuring the oxygen history of the universe.
"I am deeply honoured to have been awarded the James Craig Watson Medal," Professor Kewley said.
"It speaks to the strength of astronomy in Australia. In pursuing my academic passion, I have been fortunate to be able to collaborate with many talented and insightful scientists. I am also grateful that my work has been supported by The Australian National University, by ASTRO 3D, and by funding bodies such as the Australian Research Council."
Professor Kewley is currently researching the oxygen history of galaxies like the Milky Way.
ANU Vice-Chancellor Professor Brian Schmidt said the award is highly-deserved recognition of Lisa's stellar research and the incredible contributions she has made to our understanding of the Universe.
"Here at ANU, we push the boundaries of what is known every day," said Professor Schmidt, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 2011 and supported Professor Kewley's nomination.
"This includes our place in the Universe. The work of Lisa and her colleagues position Australia as a world-leading centre for astronomy. I congratulate Lisa on this richly-deserved recognition."
Named after American-Canadian nineteenth century astronomer James Craig Watson, the award has been presented every two years since 1887 "for outstanding contributions to the science of astronomy". It comprises a $US25,000 personal endowment, $US50,000 for research support and a gold-plated bronze medal.


How to Set up Voicemail on Vodacom South Africa
Are you looking for information on how to set up voicemail on Vodacom South Africa? If yes, then you have come to the right place. Activating voicemail on Vodacom is something that everyone on the network needs to do. It gives people the opportunity to leave you voice messages in the event that you are not able to answer your phone. The messages are stored by Vodacom and can be retrieved at your convenience. Below is how to activate voicemail on Vodacom South Africa. This article has the following sections;
 1. How to activate Vodacom voicemail.
 2. How to check voicemail on Vodacom.
Vodacom Voicemail activation steps
The following are the steps to set up voicemail on Vodacom in South Africa;
 1. First, you need to dial 132 on your Vodacom phone.
 2. The first time that you dial 132, you will be directed to activate your Voicemail.
 3. Next, you can proceed to setup various option in your Voicemail box.
 4. To do that, dial 132.
 5. From there, choose option 2. That's the option to change your mailbox settings.
 6. Next, choose option 3 for changing your Voicemail box notifications.
 7. There are several options here. Follow the prompts that you get to set up your phone for voicemail.
 8. Once the facility has been activated on your phone, you will get and SMS whenever someone leaves you a voicemail message.
Why is voicemail important?
Voicemail can be important, particularly for the hyper busy. Perhaps you are in a meeting and have turned off your phone. Or maybe you have gone off the beaten path and are just not available. Whatever your reasons for being off the grid, voicemail activation on Vodacom allows people to leave you messages whenever your phone cannot be reached.
You will get an SMS notifying you that somebody has left you a voicemail. You can then check the voicemail message using the code for doing so.
Anyway, those are the steps for activating voicemail on South Africa's largest mobile communications network. The process is really easy. And the facility brings you a lot of convenience. One possible issue is that not many people around the country are used to leaving people voicemail messages.
So, you may find after a while that your voicemail inbox is still empty. It's probably a cultural issue. People are just not used to the practice. But activation of Voicemail is easy and can be a life saver.
Can I personalize my voicemail greeting?
Yes, this is something that you can do during the process of getting set up. Most people like to leave a personalized voicemail message. Something like; "Hello! This is John! I am not around right now, so please leave a message after the tone. So, if you have been dying to get a personalized message like that on your phone, now is your chance!
Check out our article on how to check voicemail messages on Vodacom in South Africa. Also check out our article on how to borrow Vodacom South African airtime.
4 thoughts on "How to Set up Voicemail on Vodacom South Africa"
 1. Trying to setup my voicemail with Vodacom on my Samsung phone by dialing 133. Response "The number does not exist.
 1. Hi James. Thanks for the heads-up. We have now updated the article after reaching out to Vodacom. Apparently, the 133 bit is for Lesotho but it's on the Vodacom South Africa website. Hence the confusion.
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text: Objectives: Children with severe cerebral palsy (CP) commonly have gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction. Whey-based enteral formulas have been postulated to reduce gastroesophageal reflux (GOR) and accelerate gastric emptying (GE). The authors investigated whether whey-based (vs casein-based) enteral formulas reduce GOR and accelerate GE in children who have severe CP with a gastrostomy and fundoplication. Methods: Thirteen children received a casein-based formula for 1 week and either a 50% whey whole protein (50% WWP) or a 100% whey partially hydrolyzed protein (100% WPHP) formula for 1 week. Reflux episodes, gastric half-emptying time (GE t1/2), and reported pain and GI symptoms were measured. Results: Whey formulas emptied significantly faster than casein (median [interquartile range (IQR)] GE t1/2, 33.9 [25.3-166.2] min vs 56.6 [46-191] min; P =.033). Reflux parameters were unchanged. GI symptoms were lower in children who received 50% WWP (visual analog symptom score, median [IQR], 0 [0-11.8]) vs 100% WPHP (13.0 [2.5-24.8]) (P =.035). Conclusion: This pilot study shows that in children who have severe CP with a gastrostomy and fundoplication, GE of the whey-based enteral formula is significantly faster than casein. The acceleration in GE does not alter GOR frequency, and there appears to be no effect of whey vs casein in reducing acid, nonacid, and total reflux episodes. The results indicate that enteral formula selection may be particularly important for children with severe CP and delayed GE.


Sticky Notes gets updated for Windows Insiders
Radu Tyrsina
by Radu Tyrsina
CEO & Founder
Affiliate Disclosure
Today, Microsoft released an update for the Sticky Notes app. For now, the 1.1.41 version update is only available for the Fast Ring in the Windows Insiders program. Its developers have added support for a compact font size and smaller sizes for mini-notes. But what features does the new version have?
 1. Tracking flights and stocks. If you want to book a flight or are interested in a stock option, you just have to type the flight number or the stock ticker and place the $ symbol in front of it. With the help of Bing, the app will show you what information you need.
 2. Creating Sticky Notes. This is the most basic feature you will find. It offers a smart and easy to use design that makes creating big or small notes a quick task.
 3. Lets you type or write. This useful app allows you to use the Surface Pen with Sticky Notes in order to write your ideas down using your own hands. Or, if you prefer, you can simply type what you need right in the app.
 4. One-click access. You can access Sticky Notes with just one click of the Surface Pen. This will bring up your Windows 10 Ink Workspace in no time, saving you time that would have been spent looking through your apps.
 5. Intelligent features. Sticky Notes now detects phone numbers, emails and addresses. In addition, tap on the highlighted text in order to open another app such as Skype, Mail or Maps.
 6. Create a reminder. Now you have no excuse to forget any note with Cortana. Write down a time or a date on your note and it will be highlighted. Tap on it and a Cortana reminder will be created.
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The Psychological Meaning of Words: LIWC and Computerized Text Analysis Methods
We are in the midst of a technological revolution whereby, for the first time, researchers can link daily word use to a broad array of real-world behaviors. This article reviews several computerized text analysis methods and describes how Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) was created and validated. LIWC is a transparent text analysis program that counts words in psychologically meaningful categories. Empirical results using LIWC demonstrate its ability to detect meaning in a wide variety of experimental settings, including to show attentional focus, emotionality, social relationships, thinking styles, and individual differences.


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Crush & Sweep (Form)
Enable form by tapping the spheres of both controllers together Motion controllers touch spheres.
Move the controllers Primary motion controller Secondary motion controller to flatten your shape until it becomes a white outline.
Press Secondary motion controller T button to set shape.the secondary T button
Hold Primary motion controller T button and move the primary controller Primary motion controller to sweep the shape out.the primary T button
This is great for making buildings - use stay upright to restrict rotation.Next: Spin
The Dreams User Guide is a work-in-progress. Keep an eye out for updates as we add more learning resources and articles over time.


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Signaling is defined by Yvain as "a method of conveying information among not-necessarily-trustworthy parties by performing an action which is more likely or less costly if the information is true than if it is not true". Some signaling is performed exclusively to impress others (to improve your status), and in some cases isn't even worth that. In other cases, signaling is a side-effect of an otherwise useful activity.
For example, if doing something is easy for one type of person and hard for another type of person, you might do that thing just to get people to think you're the former type of person, even if the thing isn't in itself worth doing. This could explain many facets of human behavior, and reveal opportunities for reducing waste.
Not all signaling is about abilities. Signaling can also be about personality, current emotional state, beliefs, loyalty to a particular group, status within a group, etc.
by Robin Hanson
- Do Helping Professions Help More? and Gifts Hurt
- Excess Signaling Example
- A Tale Of Two Tradeoffs
- Why Signals Are Shallow - "We all want to affiliate with high status people, but since status is about common distant perceptions of quality, we often care more about what distant observers would think about our associates than about how we privately evaluate them."
- Signals Are Forever
- Least Signaling Activities?
- What Is Signaling, Really? by Yvain
- Think Before You Speak (And Signal It) by Wei Dai
- Declare Your Signaling and Hidden Agendas by Kaj Sotala
- Modularity, Signaling, and Belief in Belief by Kaj Sotala


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Gwent card art by Lorenzo Mastroianni
|White Rose of Shaerrawedd|
More than two hundred years before the events in Blood of Elves, Aelirenn, also known as the White Rose of Shaerrawedd and as Elirena among dwarves and humans, led a great number elven youth to their deaths, against the wishes of the elders, in a second battle against the humans.
Her image survives, carved in the stone of Shaerrawedd.
A book entitled "The Life and Death of the White Rose" tells her tale, and adds a glossary entry.
- The story of the one known as the White Rose of Shaerrawedd is both sad and tragic. Over two hundred years ago Aelirenn led elven youth into a hopeless fight against humans. This heroic dash could end in only one way. They died for freedom, for stone and marble of their cities... and for Aelirenn. Just as she promised, they died with dignity, heroism, honor, yet elves could not raise again after that defeat. However she remains a symbol of fighting for freedom to this day, and elven insurgents go to battle with her name on their lips.


FBI warns child abductors may use social media to lure victims
Facebook and Twitter applications are seen on an Apple iPhone 11 Pro Max. (Photo by Jaap Arriens/NurPhoto via Getty Images) (Getty Images)
The FBI is warning parents that criminals may pose as minors online in order to lure children into traps and abduct them.
"While criminals exploit social media and social networks to commit crimes involving child sexual abuse material, sex trafficking of a minor, and child sex tourism, the use of these platforms to facilitate child abductions is lesser-known," the Bureau said in a statement.
According to authorities, child abductors will create accounts on various social media networks and dating apps to search for targets, as those tools are considered lower-risk ways of gaining access to children.
Criminals will then groom the children online, enticing their victim to meet with the eventual abductor in person.
While the number of child abductions using social media only represents a small percentage of FBI child abduction investigations, authorities say that with children spending so much more time on computers or mobile devices with access to the internet, they expect the percentage of criminals using those methods to lure victims will increase.
"With current restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, schools in many areas of the United States are likely to remain closed, resulting in children being left at home and potentially unsupervised due to reduced daycare options and parents having to return to work," the FBI said. "As a result, they are likely to spend more time on the Internet, further increasing their vulnerability."
The FBI also described three incidents where social media or social networks were used to facilitate child abductions.


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One of the most valuable things you can help your children to do is to memorize verses from the Bible. I remember as a youth going to the Awana Clubs on Wednesday nights, learning from my Sparks and Pioneer books various Bible truths and the accompanying Bible verses. Having been given a keen mind, I was able to memorize whole chunks of the Bible, which efforts subsequently earned me large Timothy and Workman trophies. The trophies ultimately began collecting dust in the closet, but the Bible verses stayed with me.
As I grew older and went off to Bob Jones University, under the constraints of coursework and encouragements from teachers, I developed a systematic plan of Bible memorization. I would take spiral bound 3×5 index cards and write a different verse on each index card. Sometimes these would be whole books, such as the book of Romans or Psalms, such as 1, 23, 32, 100, etc.; other times the verses would arranged topically (you can get the color-coded cards to help with this!). These could then be carried around with me everywhere, and if I was waiting in a line or waiting for class to start or waiting at the Dining Hall for my fiancé, the verse cards were always ready at hand. The cards could also be propped up on a desk or on a shelf as daily reminders or ready reference. In this way, my mind was constantly being filled with the Word of God. After graduation, these cards were put away into boxes or filing cabinets–but the verses remain in my head to this day.
Today, having several children of my own, the benefits of Bible memorization remains as important as ever, though the methods have changed over time. My family benefits greatly from the memorization system in the wonderful Kids 4 Truth Bible Clubs as well as catechising using the grand old confessions of the Christian faith, but whatever your family chooses to use, what matters most is that you memorize faithfully and consistently. Here are 10 benefits to Bible memorization.
This list is adapted and added to from John Piper's excellent suggestions on why and how he memorizes.
1. Memorizing the Bible produces spiritual growth
2. Memorizing the Bible keeps us from sin
3. Memorizing the Bible stores up truth for later
4. Memorizing the Bible uses time wisely
5. Memorizing the Bible guards our thinking from error
6. Memorizing the Bible equips us for witnessing
7. Memorizing the Bible provides tools to comfort others
8. Memorizing the Bible sharpens our spiritual battle skills
9. Memorizing the Bible opens up heart fellowship with the Lord Jesus Christ
10. Memorizing the Bible establishes gospel priorities
So if you've never tackled Bible memorization before, now's the time to start! Children especially have eager, quick minds and a voracious appetite. Sometimes you can even put verses or Scripture truths to music. Perhaps you can use one of the methods mentioned at the opening of this article, or maybe other tools such as the NavPress Topical Memory System or maybe put the Bible Memory app on your iPhone or iPad or find the perfect fit ina host of other software, clubs, tools, etc to help you and your children hide God's Word in your heart.
I leave you with one thought-provoking quote from John Whitlock, a Puritan preacher from 1662:
"Men scarcely forget where they have laid their treasures or their jewels…Divine meditation fixes truths in the head and fastens them to the heart."
Enjoy memorizing your Bible and perhaps one day, we'll see you at the National Bible Bee!


A visual mechanism
to put brands into the conversation.
Define your strategy
Define and visualize the social media strategy through topics of conversation. Each petal is a topic and its size depends on the amount of posts you publish about it. Each color represents a category. Customize your flower according to your brand!
Understand and improve the conversation
The solution tracks the social interest behind the conversation and shows pollen. Pollen are visual indicators that let you know where your brand is having an impact and how (likes, shares, comments, RTs...). Identify the people behind pollen and get actionable insights!


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able to secure a sentence of only 365 days local jail time. The judge imposed a staggered sentence, whereby the client would serve 90 days each year, with the opportunity to petition the court for relief from the service of those days each year prior to the report date. the Client was also sentenced to 30 days on the in-home Intoxylizer each year for 5 years.
* If a Stay of Imposition is granted, the imposition (or pronouncement) of a prison sentence is delayed to some future date, provided that until that date the offender comply with conditions established by the court. If the offender does comply with those conditions until that date, the case is discharged, and for civil purposes (employment applications, etc.) the offender has a record of a misdemeanor rather than a felony conviction.(Minnesota Sentencing Guidelines Commission)


text: The 2014 Farm Act provides eligible U.S. farmers with new commodity supports in the Agriculture Risk Coverage (ARC), the Price Loss Coverage (PLC), and the Supplemental Coverage Option (SCO) programs. These programs help producers with revenue losses generally not covered by traditional crop insurance policies. Interactions, both among these programs and between these programs and the Federal Crop Insurance (FCI) program, determine the nature and magnitude of support avail - able to producers. This report provides an analysis of these programs with a focus on how various combinations of the programs impact producer revenue and its variability, producer well-being, and expected program costs. The report finds that these programs' effectiveness are influenced by historical prices, expected prices, and FCI coverage rates. High historic crop prices combined with low expected prices since the enactment of the 2014 Farm Act led to higher enrollment of producers in the ARC program in 2015 relative to that in the SCO program.


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With a tie-in to Anosmia Awareness Day, the Monell Center has announced A Sense of Hope: The Monell Anosmia Project, a three-year $1.5M campaign to support a research and advocacy program focused on anosmia, the loss of the sense of smell.
The research goal is to identify the biological causes of smell loss in order to develop potential treatment approaches for this under-recognized disability.
According to the National Institutes of Health, about 1-2% of the American population reports a complete loss of the sense of smell. However, as no routine assessment of smell function exists, the incidence is likely to be considerably higher.
Although over 6 million Americans likely are affected, scientists and physicians have little understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms causing a loss of smell. To increase awareness about anosmia, Monell has launched a scrolling website created pro bono by Elefint Deigns, a California firm that specializes in strategic design for nonprofits and community organizations. Information about Monell's A Sense of Hope fundraising campaign is available here.


Bubble Squeeze Firing Schedule for Fused Glass
Invisibility, Dana Worley 2020
With this piece it was important that
the black glass be perfectly smooth
I've written before about bubbles. With fused glass art, sometimes we love them and sometimes we don't. In this post, I'll share a firing schedule for the bubble squeeze I use to help mitigate bubbles in my art.
When fusing together two pieces of glass larger than 3 to 5 inches, the two layers of glass will often trap medium-sized bubbles. These bubbles aren't large enough to affect the integrity of the art by rising to the surface and becoming thin, but they do visually affect the surface of the glass. I've heard these called "mumps and bumps". If you look across the surface of the glass with a good light, instead of a nice flat surface you will see an irregular surface with small bumps in the glass.
The landscape pictured here is a work-in-progress of a piece with an irregular glass surface caused by an insufficiently slow ramp up to a bubble squeeze. If you look directly at the piece you do not notice the surface irregularities. However, in the second photo below I've angled the camera so that the glare from the light catches the bumps across the surface.
There are (at least!) two ways to help ensure your layers of glass fuse together smoothly. One is by using a bubble squeeze. The idea of a bubble squeeze is that the glass will begin to slump in the middle before the outside edges are sealed. As the top layer of glass begins to flatten against the bottom layer, the air is pushed out toward the edges.
I have read a lot of advice about the firing schedule you should use to accomplish a bubble squeeze. All of them generally recommend holding at a temperature of 1225 to 1250 degrees Fahrenheit for a period of about an hour during the initial ramp up to the process temperature. However, from my experience, it is not merely the long hold that accomplishes the bubble squeeze. It is also a slow ramp up to that holding temperature that helps to gradually relax the glass and move the air to the outside edges.
Currently, I work with 96 COE glass. My firing schedules are generally conservative. From my perspective, I would rather spend a few more hours firing in the kiln than rush the firing and experience failures. Also, I use a Corelite kiln shelf in my largest kiln, and the manufacturer recommends slower ramp rates to avoid thermal shocking the shelf. Consequently, my firing schedules are often something like the following (all temperatures in degrees F)
Ramp 1 200 degrees per hour to 1100, hold one hour
Ramp 2 50 degrees per hour to 1225 - 1250 (depending upon your kiln), hold one hour
Then, proceed as usual to your process temperature, appropriate annealing time, and schedule for dropping to room temp.
The hold at Ramp 1 ensures that all of the glass comes to the same temperature prior to beginning the slow ramp up to the bubble squeeze hold.
With the landscape piece above, I increased my usual 50 degrees ramp to 100 degrees, thinking that this smaller piece would not be affected. Unfortunately, this change in my usual firing schedule adversely affected the fired piece.
I mentioned earlier that there are two ways to help mitigate bubbles in your fused glass. The second way is to use a light dusting of clear powder between layers (see Resources, below). Use these two techniques together (a fine layer of powder plus a conservative bubble squeeze) to help ensure a smooth surface on your fused glass. These combined techniques helped to achieve the lovely surface of the black glass in my sculpture, "Invisibility", shown at the beginning of this article.
I hope this information has been helpful. Happy fusing!
"At least two ways"?
Other methods used to avoid bubbles include:
 - Placing small chips of glass at the corners of the glass, between the two layers (often called chads). I have found that even a small piece of glass can have a negative effect on the fired piece, either because it misshapes the edge or because it can be seen.
 - Using clear fine frit instead of powder. This will work, but it may cause more bubbles if not used correctly. Plus, using a very fine layer of power is marginally more economical.
 - Most glass has a smoother side and a rougher side. Generally, avoid firing the glass smooth side to smooth side, or rough side to rough side. Both are more prone to trapping bubbles.
Bullseye Glass Education, Tip Sheet: Powder Power
In the back of almost all of his e-books, Glass Artist/Educator Paul Tarlow includes a method of applying a thin layer of powder to mitigate bubbles. Paul's e-books can be found at _URL_
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Definition: 'Sodium Chromate Cr 51'
sodium chromate Cr 51Type: Term
1. anionic hexavalent radioactive chromium in the form of sodium chromate (Na2
The information shown above for sodium chromate Cr 51 is provided by Stedman's.
* Stedman's, part of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, provide a comprehensive line of health-science publications for healthcare professionals and medical students.