text:
A study conducted French scientist, Dr Philippe Walter and his team, published in ACS Nano Letters, found that hair could synthesize gold nanoparticles into the hair cuticle.
It is understood that 40,000-60,000 gold nanoparticles could fit across the width of a human hair.
The original aim of the study was to look at the structure of keratin within hair, and how keratin breaks down, with gold nanoparticles used as a tracking substance within the subject.
The team soaked white hairs in a solution of a gold compound, and the hairs turned pale yellow and then darkened to a deep brown.
Using an electron microscope, the scientists confirmed that the particles were forming inside the hairs' central core cortex, and that colour remained even after repeated washings.
Walter noted that after the hair was exposed to the gold, it was synthesized into the hair, which is a normal process for a hair dye. However, in this instance the gold nanoparticles remained, suggesting there could be implications for permanent hair colouring products.
The stumbling blocks at this stage would be that the dye changed colour once in the hair, and a lot of testing would have to be done to ensure product safety.
However, this first synthesis of nanoparticles into human hair could open the door to further development in hair care and other applications.
Let's get into detail…
The synthesis and detailed characterization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) inside human hair was achieved by treatment of hair with HAuCl4 in alkaline medium.
The AuNPs, which show a strong red fluorescence under blue light, are generated inside the fibre and are arranged in the cortex in a remarkably regular pattern of whorls based on concentric circles, like a fingerprint.
It opens an area of genuine nanocomposites with novel properties due to AuNPs inside the hair shaft.


text:
Natrol White Kidney Bean Carb Intercept is a dietary supplement that features Phase2 Carb Controller Complex - a unique combination of White Kidney Bean Extract and Foodbound® Chromium. Each serving provides 1,000mg of Phase 2 Carb Controller Complex, a clinically tested ingredient that may reduce the enzymatic digestion of dietary starches and help metabolize fats and proteins for energy.
- Helps Control Carbs
- Helps Metabolize Fat
- Assists in Weight Control
How do I take it?
Take 2 capsules right before eating your starch containing meal. Do not exceed 4 capsules per day.
How does Phase 2 White Kidney Bean Extract work?
When taken with a starch-containing meal, it inhibits the breakdown of starch into glucose and other simple sugars that can be absorbed by the intestine into the body.
Where are the White Kidney Beans grown?
United States of America, specifically Nebraska

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Eugene Lowry, in his work The Homiletical Plot and his revision of such work in The Sermon, suggests that the sermon create a sequence of experiences on the part of the hearers that mirrors the experiences of a typical plot form. The sermon therefore moves from conflict through complication to crisis and finally to resolution. Lowry's The Homiletical Plot depicts this design as having the following five sections: (1) upsetting the equilibrium (i.e., "oops"); (2) analyzing the discrepancy (i.e., "ugh!"); (3) disclosing the clue to the resolution (i.e, "aha!"); (4) experiencing the gospel (i.e., "whee!"); and (5) anticipating the consequences (i.e, "yeah!"). Just as in a narrative, the climax of the story often arises from a surprising discovery of a new way of looking at things, so too in this sermon the reversal is something unforeseen by the hearers and therefore a surprise or, as Lowry calls it, an "aha!" experience. If the preacher simply moves from trouble to grace without that element of a surprising turn (an unanticipated viewpoint that is nevertheless coherent to the story), the sermon structure is probably a law/gospel/application structure rather than a Lowry Loop.
© 2011 David Schmitt. All rights reserved.


text:
The National Association of Computerized Tax Processors (NACTP) is a nonprofit association that represents tax processing software and hardware developers, electronic filing processors, tax form publishers, and tax processing service bureaus.The association represents the collaborative nature of its organizational members.
By working together, these organizations seek to achieve the following goals:
- Serve as a unified industry voice in tax administration matters.
- Promote and improve the relationship and communication between NACTP member companies and government tax agencies.
- Encourage the standardization of tax forms; the timely distribution and clarification of forms, instructions, and regulations; and the simplification of approval procedures.
- Promote the standardization and simplification of electronic filing systems.
- Promote the standardization and simplification of unemployment and withholding wage filing processing systems.
- Maintain professional standards in the computerized tax processing industry.
- Function as a nonprofit association formed for the mutual benefit of its members.


Unicorn Clan
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Dramatis Personae
"We are the children of the wind. "
General Overview
For all their differences, the other Great Clans of Rokugan are united in one regard: they look at the Unicorn Clan as outsiders and borderline barbarians. This reputation is not entirely undeserved, as the clan spent the majority of its history completely absent from the Empire. During the ﬁ rst days of Rokugan, the Lady Shinjo petitioned her brother Hantei for the right to explore the world beyond the Empire in order to ensure that no new threats might come from there. For eight centuries the Clan of the Ki-rin was gone, before it ﬁnally returned as the Unicorn Clan. Now the clan ﬁts in poorly with its fellows, having adopted numerous customs the Empire ﬁnds strange or even disgusting. The Unicorn do not care overmuch, however, and celebrate life as few others, embracing their rich and diverse culture in spite of the raging xenophobia their colleagues share. The Unicorn may never fully be integrated into the Empire, but their zest for life, their compassionate nature, and their powerful cavalry (unique because of the gaijin horse breeds the clan controls) ensure they will not be ousted from their position any time in the near future.
The Unicorn are ﬁlled with curiosity, curiosity born of centuries of wandering and exploration. No matter how beneﬁcial or comfortable their situation, no matter how much power and inﬂuence they wield, they cannot help but wonder what lies beyond the horizon. This philosophy pervades their every action, giving some the impression that they are easily distracted, when the truth is merely that they wish to resolve issues as quickly as possible so the option to move on is always present. Some among their number overcome this tendency, of course, such as their court representatives, but somewhere in the back of every Unicorn's mind, curiosity still lurks.
Another dominant aspect of Unicorn philosophy is concern for those who are under the clan's protection. All clans safeguard the peasants who work for them, of course, since they are valuable assets who handle matters the samurai cannot or will The Lady Shinjo was by far the most compassionate and caring of the Kami, so much so that she alone attempted to reconcile with their lost brother Fu Leng during the First War. Her effort was doomed to failure, of course, but even that did not deter her, and her brothers and sisters respected her all the more for it. The family that bears her name has always struggled to rule the clan as they believed she would. The Moto, descended from nomads who joined the clan during its journeys, are brutal and warlike, with little of the gentle nature of their Shinjo lords, though they eventually replaced the Shinjo as lords of the clan. The Utaku (once called Otaku, they changed their name in reverence to the Second Unicorn Thunder, Otaku Kamoko) are pious and devoted, a matriarchal family with the most feared and potent cavalry force in the whole of the Empire. The Ide are among the Empire's most ardent paciﬁsts, and as such get along well with the Phoenix. They are the voice of the Unicorn in court, and have attempted to adopt more of the Empire's customs than the other members of the clan. Sadly, despite their efforts they continue to be regarded as outsiders by most. The Iuchi family practice strange rituals that are unlike those conducted by any other shugenja family, and are looked upon as oddities by many. They have exceptional gifts in travel magic and in establishing mystical bonds with animals. The tiny Horiuchi family was created from the Iuchi and served as caregivers for the clan's orphans and ill, until they were eradicated by plague from the face of Rokugan.
As might be expected of a clan that possesses such enormous numbers of cavalry, the Unicorn lands are dominated by vast, ﬂowing plains and peaceful grasslands. Much of this is used for grazing to feed the horses, of course, but during their long years of wandering, the Unicorn learned a great deal about making the most of their resources, and studied various gaijin methods of agriculture. As a result, the clan is able to feed its people on the modest portions of arable land used for farming, in particular the exceptionally fertile northeastern region of their provinces. The clan also controls a portion of the Spine of the World Mountains, including the narrow but strategically important Iuchi Pass through the northwestern end of the mountain chain, which separates the northern and southern portions of their holdings.
The Unicorn, once known as the Ki-Rin Clan, were absent from the Empire for nearly eight centuries as they wandered the world, exploring and ensuring that there were no external threats to the Emperor that might remain unknown. Since their return, they have been regarded by many as barbarians and outsiders, due mostly to their embrace of customs that are in stark contrast to the norm for Rokugan. Still, the Unicorn are universally respected because of their cavalry. They use gaijin steeds and their horse-mounted troops are without compare in the Empire.
The tiny Horiuchi family has never claimed more than a few dozen members at most. Created a few decades before the Clan War, the Horiuchi are a branch of the Iuchi family that specializes in defensive and protective magic. Horiuchi samurai are compassionate individuals who tend to intervene in the affairs of others during times of crisis.
The public face of the Unicorn, the Ide have worked tirelessly to combat the perception many have of the Clan as barbarians and near-gaijin. They ﬂawlessly merge the traditions of their people with the customs of the Empire, and in doing so seek to earn the gradual respect and acceptance of other clans. Samurai of the Ide family are almost universally even-tempered and eager to forge alliances with others, whether personal or larger in scale.
With the exception of the Tamori, the Iuchi family is probably the most militant shugenja family in the Empire. They serve in the armies of the Unicorn Clan in considerable numbers, and while they enjoy friendship and scholarly debate as much as any priests, they do not shy away from conﬂict when pressed.
The Moto exemplify virtually every negative stereotype that the Unicorn Clan as a whole has struggled with since their return to the Empire centuries ago. More than any other family, their gaijin blood is obvious from the look of them, short and squat as they are. They are alternately boisterous and brusque, depending upon the circumstances, and rarely ﬁt in well with samurai of other Clans. They are respected, however, for their warrior traditions.
The Shinjo family ruled the Unicorn Clan for most of their history, although in the latter portion of the Empire's development they were removed from power by their founder, the Kami Shinjo, due to corruption within their ranks. The Shinjo are an affable, industrious family whose members adapt easily to almost any task set before them, and who work well with others in virtually any situation.
The matriarchal Utaku family are rigidly honorable and pious individuals with carefully deﬁned duties depending upon their gender. Women are generally trained to serve with the most elite cavalry units in the world, the Utaku Battle Maidens, while the men manage the households and serve among the legions of infantry in the Unicorn army.
The Unicorn's view of other clans:
 - CRAB: They do not care that we are different, because they do not care about the Empire's customs any more than we do. It is refreshing to be treated as equals, and we will not forget their camaraderie.
 - CRANE: Were it not for them, we might never have reclaimed our birthright. Always remember they are our allies, and forgive them their arrogance. They know no other way.
 - DRAGON: What kind of person can tolerate hiding in the mountains for a thousand years? Do they not crave the wind in their hair and the plains rushing by beneath them? They are extremely peculiar.
 - LION: Our closest neighbors and potentially our greatest enemies. They dislike us because we are different, but they recognize our military power. Perhaps one day we can be allies rather than simply neutral toward one another.
 - MANTIS: Ambitious and aggressive, attempting to seize a place for themselves in the Empire. They are very much like us.
 - PHOENIX: They look down their noses at us but still covet the knowledge we safeguard. If they wish to gain access to our libraries, they must first meet us as equals. A pity they are not willing to do so.
 - SCORPION: Even in the most treacherous realms, we never encountered anyone as despicable as the Scorpion. They are a blight upon the Empire, and perhaps as their enemies we can forge alliances with the other clans.
 - MINOR CLANS: Their weakness makes them of little importance, but their bushi can be as brave and honorable as any Great Clan samurai, and for that at least we can respect them.
Unicorn Clan
Three Feet from Death nuRegret


text:
Impact of Trade Union on Productivity of Teachers in Public and Private Primary Schools in Cross River State, Nigeria (Published)
The study investigated the impact of trade union on productivity among teachers in public and private primary schools in Cross River state. Specifically, the study compares productivity of teachers in private and public primary schools in the study area. Survey design was deployed in the study while cluster random sampling was used to select 180 pupils and purposive sampling technique to select six (6) key informants. Survey interviews and key informant interviews were used for data collection. The analysis of data involved use of percentages, mean and chi-square and transcription of views of the key informants. The study revealed that teachers in private primary schools are more productive than their colleagues in public schools based on indices of productivity such as attendance to school, attendance to classes, average number of lessons held per day and involvement in extra lessons. The study also found a significant difference in school attendance between the public and private primary schools in the study area as the computed chi-square value of 2.222 was greater than the critical value of 1.543 on 1 degree of freedom and confidence level of 0.05. Also there was a significant difference in regular class by teachers in the public and private primary schools as computed chi-square value of 46.723 was greater than the critical value of 44.416 on 1 degree of freedom and confidence level of 0.05. The study therefore recommends regular audit of teachers, strict monitoring on the job, training and retraining and inclusion of teachers' productivity as one of the core aims of trade Unions.


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Finding earthworms is easy! Even a simple back garden can yield a diverse range of species. Different species of earthworms inhabit different microhabitats so there are a number of sampling techniques available for collecting earthworms. The National Earthworm Recording Scheme (NERS) standard protocol outlined below is great for collecting high quality data that can be compared and analysed across sites. However, non-standardised recording methods still provide valuable species data and we welcome any and all records of earthworm species. It's worth remembering that even common species of earthworm have never been recorded in some counties so even a casual record of a common species may be a very important record! Earthworm recording can be simply turning over logs or looking under pots in your back garden.
Sampling Standard Protocol
Our sampling standard protocol has been designed in a standardised manner so that the data collected is comparable across sites. It consists of soil pit sampling and microhabitat searches as outlined below. A downloadable version of this guidance is included in the ESB Earthworm Recorder Pack.
Soil Pit Sampling
Step 1 - Planning
A map of your sample site is useful to mark where you will take your samples, or for identifying different habitats in which to take samples. Look for areas that have no current records. New records on sites that have been previously sampled are still useful as you may get different results. Remember that if you do not own the land where you are sampling you will need permission from the landowner first.
Step 2 - Equipment
You will need the following:
- A spade (to dig the pits)
- 5 plastic tubes of 80% ethanol (to store and preserve earthworms)
- A sorting tray (to place the soil on in order to sort through and look for earthworms, alternatives include pots or bin bags)
- Labels and alcohol resistant pen/pencil (to label your samples and ensure they don't get mixed up)
- Notebook and map (to make note of the location, habitat and other important factors)
- Pointed non-serrated forceps (optional but useful)
- Gloves (to keep your hands clean)
Identification is made easier if you undertake the optional sixth step of relaxing
your earthworms as they will be better preserved:
- A plastic take away container with lid (to relax and align your earthworms)
- A bottle of 30% ethanol (to relax your earthworms)
Step 3 - Digging
A spade can now be used to dig a soil pit. The standard pit size for the National Earthworm Recording Scheme is 25cm by 25cm, to a depth of 10cm.
Step 4 - Sorting
The soil from the pit should be placed on the sorting tray/bin bag/pot and sort through it with your hands.
Step 5 - Earthworms
Any earthworms that are found in the soil should be removed and collected into a container.
Step 6 - Relaxing (optional)
In order to stop the earthworms being preserved in awkward positions, the earthworms can be relaxed and straightened. This will make identification of the specimens much easier.
- Place the earthworms in a container of 30% ethanol.
- Leave for about 5 minutes to relax the earthworms.
- Straighten out the earthworms in the grooves of the lid.
- Pour 80% ethanol onto the earthworms.
- Leave for 5-10 minutes before placing the earthworms in the plastic tube containing a label and 80% ethanol.
Any earthworms that are found in the soil should be removed and collected into a container.
Step 7 - Preservation and Labeling
All the earthworms that have been collected from the pit should be placed in a tube of 80% ethanol. The size/number of tubes used will depend on how many earthworms were collected. Sometimes a pit can yield over 100 earthworms! The 80% ethanol will act as a killing agent and preserve the earthworms. However, earthworms contain a lot of fluid and will release this fluid when they are placed in the ethanol. This will dilute the ethanol and cause the earthworms to deteriorate, so the alcohol should be changed following sampling to prevent this. A label should also be placed in the tube to identify the pit and site that the sample belongs to.
Step 8 - Replication
The standard number of pits is 5 per site for the National Earthworm Recording Scheme. This is important to get a standardised sample of the site. Pits need only be a couple of metres apart (see guidance for planning your soil pits below).
Step 9 - Recording
(See our guidance for Creating and Submitting Earthworm Records for further details.)
- Site details should be recorded on site where possible:
- Who (the recorder and any helpers)
- Where (using GPS to gain latitude/longitude or a grid reference obtained from an OS map/online tool, as well as the site name and county)
- When (record the date)
- Sampling method (either enter ESB soil pit sampling standard protocol or give the pit size and number of pits if different)
- Habitat (the general habitat is useful, but also other details such plant species present and any other habitat comments that may be relevant)
- Substrate (for soil pits this will always be soil/sand)
Step 10 - Identification
All you need to do now is identify your earthworms under the microscope. The Key to the Earthworms of the UK & Ireland by Sherlock (second edition) is available from the FSC website. For beginners at earthworm ID we run earthworm ID courses which are advertised on our website and facebook page. Earthworm ID is straightforward in most cases, but when you are starting of it's a good idea to get an experienced eartworm surveyor to check your ID's so you know you are correct and to improve your skills. If you have identified some earthworms and want to check them please email us to let us know before you send them.
Planning your soil pits
When planning your 5 soil pits it is important that all of your five soil pits fall within the habitat you are sampling. Please note that the distances provided in the following examples do not need to be exact and are given to provide approximate guidance so that it is clear that soil pits should not be spaced a great distance apart.
Large patches of habitat
If you are sampling a habitat that covers a big enough area, soil pits can be arranged in a square formation, with one pit in each corner (for example between 5 and 10 metres apart) and one in the centre. Examples of this type of habitat may include open fields, gardens, woodland and parks.
Some habitats are linear and, in these cases a linear transect should be used with pits spaced evenly apart (for example between 2 and 5 metres). Linear transects may not necessarily be in a straight line and may be curved. Examples of this type of habitat may include hedgerows, riverbanks, pond edges and tree lines.
In some cases neither of these arrangements will be suitable and the arrangement will need to be adapted to suit the habitat you are sampling. If the habitat is patchy, soil pits should be planned in patches of the same habitat.
Soil pit sampling allows a standardised quantitative method of sampling a site for earthworms. However, earthworm inhabit substrates other than soil so it is good practice to search any microhabitats present at each site to improve the likelihood of recording species that are less likely to be encountered in soil pits. It is advisable to only take adult earthworms (not juveniles) as this method of surveying is not quantitative.
There is no exhaustive list of habitats and microhabitats that may be present, but some examples are provided below:
Deadwood - search under deadwood (both the surface of the deadwood and the substrate it is resting on) by turning it over. Also check for earthworms under the bark and within the deadwood. When sampling deadwood destructively please ensure a minimal amount of deadwood is destroyed to maintain the microhabitat in within the ecosystem.
Dung - dung contains rich organic matter and earthworms may be found within/beneath the dung or in the top layer of soil beneath the dung.
Turnover - turning over items can often yield earthworms. Example objects to turnover would include any item resting on soil and items such as plant pots, wooden boards and bin bags on any substrate.
Leaf Litter - leaf litter can be searched by hand or sieved. Some earthworms may be found within the very top layer of the soil, whereas others may be found on the surface beneath the litter.
Hedgerows - some earthworms are thought to be associated with hedgerows and may be found in the top layer of soil beneath hedgerows.
Compost - compost heaps/bins are often home to dense populations of earthworms. They can usually be found by simply searching the top layer of the compost.
Please record the earthworms you find in microhabitats separately from those you find within the soil pits (even if a species occurs in both). Recording the presence of a species in multiple habitats or microhabitats helps us learn more about the ecology of different earthworm species and their associations with specific conditions.
On some sites it may not be possible to get permission to dig. An alternative method of getting earthworms out of the ground is to pour a mustard solution on the ground. To make the mustard solution, add 25 ml volume of mustard powder to 0.75 litre of tap water and shake well. Keep checking the area where you poured the solution (and surrounding area) for ten minutes to


text:
Succeeding in Mobile Application Markets (From Development Point of View)
Mobile application (app) markets, such as Google Play Store, are immensely competitive for app developers. Receiving high star-ratings and achieving higher ranks are two important elements of success in the market. Therefore, developers continuously enhance their apps to survive and succeed in the competitive market of mobile apps. We investigate various artifacts, such as users' mobile devices and users' feedback, to identify the factors that are statistically significantly related to star-ratings and ranks. First, we determine app metrics, such as user-interface complexity, and device metrics, such as screen size, that share a significant relationship with star-ratings. Hence, developers would be able to prioritize their testing efforts with respect to certain devices. Second, we identify the topics of user-reviews (i.e.,~users' feedback) that are statistically significantly related to star-ratings. Therefore, developers can narrow down their activities to the user-reviews that are significantly related to star-ratings. Third, we propose a solution for mapping user-reviews (from Google Play Store) to issue reports (from GitHub). The proposed approach achieves a precision of $79\%$. Fourth, we identify the metrics of issue reports prioritization, such as issue report title, that share a significant relationship with star-ratings. Finally, we determine the rank trends in the market. We investigate the most important factors that are statistically significantly related to the changes in the ranks, such as release latency. The outcome of this thesis helps app developers to be more successful in the market. Having the knowledge of the factors that are statistically significantly related to star-ratings and ranks helps developers to make wiser decisions to develop a successful app.


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 Getting memory address of a File in HardDisk
 I made a text file.
 I can do all File I/O functions in c. no problem!
 except that "I want to get the memory address of the begining of that File", so that I can access each character of the file by incrementing memory address.
 How to?
 Just a Learning Experiment
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 Files are not "in memory" and have no direct address. However in modern operating systems and processors with virtual memory capability it is possible to memory-map a file such that it appears to be in addressable memory.
 Once memory mapped, you can read and write a file with random access as if it were memory, under the hood the OS handles the transfer of data and mapping between the filesystem and RAM. Your systems swap-file works like this, but you can create your own memory mapped file as well. Like the system swap file, you can have a larger virtual space that you have physical RAM available, and like the system swap-file doing so will be considerably slower than physical RAM.
 Memory mapped files can also be used as a means of sharing data between multiple separate processes.
 The API for memory-mapped files varies between operating systems.
 The basic Win32 API and a detailed explanation can be found here though the article is quite old, it still stands. More or less the same informaton, but with perhaps a poorer description of the details can be found here. The.NET framework provides a more modern API described here
 In POSIX operating systems such as Linux or OSX you can use mmap()
 For an OS independent memory mapped file API you can use boost.
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Volvo Redblock Engine
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B234F Red Block in a 740 GLE
The Volvo B21 was a slant straight-4 engine first used in the Volvo 200 series, meant to replace the B20. The B21 and all derived engines are often referred to as red block engines for the red paint applied to the block. The primary differences when compared to the B20 was the switch to a SOHC in place of the older pushrod configuration, and an aluminum crossflow cylinder head versus the iron head of the B20.
Initially the overhead camshaft versions were offered as optional equipment on the 240, becoming standard in all markets by the 1976 model year. The overhead camshaft motors were available in displacements of 2.0 (B19 and B200), 2.1 (B21), and eventually 2.3 (B23 and B230) litres. The B21 featured an 80 mm (3.1 in) stroke, and 92 mm (3.6 in) bore. In the US, the B21's power output ranged anywhere between 98 hp (73 kW) and 107 hp (73 to 80 kW), based on variations in the compression ratio and was typically supplied with a B or M camshaft.
The engines are tilted approx 15 degrees to left (exhaust side) to make room for the more complicated injection systems. B19 and B21 blocks can be identified by water plugs on one side of the block. The B23 blocks have them on both sides. The camshaft is driven by a toothed belt that is driven off the front of the crankshaft. The belt turns the intermediate shaft as well, which in turn drives the oil pump, distributor (on 240 engines and BXX 700/900 series engines) and the fuel pump of carburetor models.
In 1981 the B21FT, a B21F with a turbo, was introduced with a compression ratio of 7.5:1 mated with a Garrett T3 turbocharger and a T camshaft. Additional turbo variants, not offered in the US market, were the B19ET and the B21ET, based on the B19E and B21E respectively. The turbocharger increased power output to 127 hp (91 kW) for the B21FT, and 157 hp (115 kW) for the B21ET. Also new for the 1981 model year was the B23, with a displacement of 2.3 litres (80 mm stroke and 96 mm (3.8 in) bore). Aside from the increased bore size, the engine is identical to the B21. Volvo used a slightly different mold for the turbo engines to cast a boss for the turbo oil return line. Because a turbocharged engine has a higher operating temperature they used sodium filled exhaust valves and a thermostat controlled oil cooler (air/oil model).
In 1983 the B23 was introduced to the American market. Also introduced in 1983, the "intercooler boost system" (IBS) was introduced for the B21FT motors. The IBS kit consisted of an intercooler, appropriate ducting, a new fan shroud, new oil cooler lines and mounting brackets, and optionally an automatic transmission kit. IBS raised the output of the B21FT to 162 hp (121 kW), slightly more than the non intercooled European market B21ET's 157 hp (117 kW).
Midway through the 1984 model year, the "intercooler boost system" became standard on American 240 Turbos. Additionally a bigger clutch and a stepped flywheel were included.
The B200 amongst others powered the Volvo 360.
In 1985 a revised, "low friction" design was introduced, dubbed the B200 and B230 (depending on displacement). Several components had design changes, longer rods (152 mm c-c, 7 mm (0.3 in) longer), pistons with a lower compression height, lower friction bearings (smaller in size), a crankshaft with 8 counterweights (instead of 4 on the older Bxx engines) and a heavy harmonic balancer in the crank pulley. 1989 saw an upgrade to the crankshaft, with a relocated axial thrust bearing back to the number 5 journal, bigger main bearings, rods were enlarged to 13 mm (0.5 in) from 9 mm (0.4 in) in 1990. Also introduced in 1989 were 16 valve, twin-cam variants of the B200 and B230, dubbed the B204 and B234 respectively. The B204 was also available in turbo form in some markets (such as Italy) where large displacement motors were taxed heavily. It came in two versions: The B204GT turbo motor operates with a lead resistant lambda probe and generates approximately 200 hp (149 kW). The B204FT has a catalytic converter and generates 185 hp (138 kW). Both were the first redblocks standard equipped with oil squirters for piston cooling. Crankshaft, conrods and pistons all forged. Exhaust valves were sodium filled for cooler operation. It has smaller valves and stiffer valve springs than n/a 16V. Crank torque is 290 N·m (210 lb·ft) at 2950 rpm for the GT, and 280 N·m (210 lb·ft) for the FT. Other differences from the normal 16V redblock engine are that it uses a remote mounted oil filter (Away from block on exhaust side engine mount) and a windage tray.
For the B230 engines 1993, piston cooling, oil squirting jets were added to help alleviate piston slap problems on the turbo motors. Another modification was to go from a square toothed timing belt set up to a round toothed timing belt setup which made for quieter belt running.
The last redblocks were made in 1998, when the 940 model was discontinued in Europe, although the 940 was discontinued in 1995 in North America.
Special versions[edit]
Special version for certain European export markets (e.g. Greece, Israel) with shorter stroke than the B19, 88.9 mm × 71.85 mm (3.5 in × 2.8 in) bore and stroke for 1,784 cc displacement.
B19 Turbo[edit]
The 1,986 cc 136 PS (100 kW) B19ET was sold in certain markets where engines of over 2 litre displacement were heavily taxed, such as Italy. The engine has the same stroke as all other redblocks, the smaller displacement is the result of a smaller bore (88.9 x 80.0 mm). It is a very robust engine with forged pistons (made by Kolbenschmidt).[citation needed] The B19 later turned into the B200 low friction engine.
B23 Turbo[edit]
The B23ET and B23FT motors were offered for two years only in the 1983 and 1984 Volvo 700 and 200 series. Both the B23ET and B23FT are somewhat unique in the 700 series as they were the only turbo motors offered in the 700 series with a block mounted distributor, forged pistons and a forged crankshaft. The B23ET was the only redblock known to be equipped with a small coolant passage version of the higher flowing 405 cylinder head, the FT had to make do with normal 398 head. As these motors predate the low-friction B200 and B230 turbos and are equipped with forged pistons and crank, they are often considered one of the most robust Volvo turbo motors.
16 Valve Variants[edit]
B204GT in a Volvo 960
Introduced in 1989 for the 740 GLE (and later used in the 940/960), The 16-Valve Redblock motors were offered in both a 2.0 litre Turbo (B204FT/GT) and a 2.3 litre 154 hp Naturally aspirated version (B234F). The head was designed for Volvo by Porsche.[citation needed] In addition to the 16 Valve head, these motors were equipped with twin counter rotating external balance shafts and the engine block itself differs from the 8V redblock. The block differed from the standard B230 in that the auxiliary shaft (used to drive the oil pump and distributor on models that had block mounted distributors) was replaced with an external oil pump. The 16-Valve head was itself a completely new design for Volvo: The head was of a multi-piece design featuring a separate cam carrier and lower section. The later "white block" motors can trace their head design back to the two-piece setup found in the B204 and B234. The 2.0 litre turbo variant was introduced for European markets with tax structures tied to engine displacement such as Italy. Unique to the B204 turbo was an exhaust gas pyrometer which was used to detect excessively high exhaust temperatures. When excessively high exhaust temperatures were detected, the fuel injection computer would richen the mixture. It has a forged crankshaft, cast pistons, and 13 mm (0.5 in) connecting rods.
Although a powerful engine for its time, the 16 Valve engine can experience some problems that can be solved easily. One of the few problems is oil pump gear problems leading to broken timing belts. The oil pump gear


Text of the National Defense Rail Connection Act of 2002
This bill was introduced on June 26, 2002, in a previous session of Congress, but was not enacted. The text of the bill below is as of Jun 26, 2002 (Introduced).
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Source: GPO
S 2687 IS
2d Session
S. 2687
To facilitate the extension of the Alaska Railroad for national defense purposes.
June 26, 2002
Mr. MURKOWSKI introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
 This act may be cited as the 'National Defense Rail Connection Act of 2002'.
 (a) A comprehensive rail transportation network is a key element of an integrated transportation system for the North American continent, and Federal leadership is required to address the needs of a reliable, safe, and secure rail network, and to connect all areas of the United States for national defense and economic development, as previously done for the interstate highway system, the Federal aviation network, and the transcontinental railroad.
 (b) The creation and use of joint use corridors for rail transportation, fiber optics, pipelines, and utilities are an efficient and appropriate approach to optimizing the Nation's interconnectivity and national security.
 (c) Government assistance and encouragement in the development of the transcontinental rail system successfully led to the growth of economically strong and socially stable communities throughout the western United States.
 (d) Government assistance and encouragement in the development of the Alaska Railroad between Seward, Alaska and Fairbanks, Alaska successfully led to the growth of economically strong and socially stable communities along the route, which today provide homes for over 70 percent of Alaska's total population.
 (e) While Alaska and the remainder of the continental United States has been connected by highway and air transportation, no rail connection exists despite the fact that Alaska is accessible by land routes and is a logical destination for the North American rail system.
 (f) Rail transportation in otherwise isolated areas is an appropriate means of providing controlled access, reducing overall impacts to environmentally sensitive areas over other methods of land-based access.
 (g) Because Congress originally authorized 1,000 miles of rail line to be built in Alaska, and because the system today covers only approximately half that distance, substantially limiting its beneficial effect on the economy of Alaska and the Nation, it is appropriate to support the expansion of the Alaska system to ensure the originally planned benefits are achieved.
 (h) Alaska has an abundance of natural resources, both material and aesthetic, access to which would significantly increase Alaska's contribution to the national economy.
 (i) Alaska contains many key national defense installations, including sites chosen for the construction of the first phase of the National Missile Defense system, the cost of which could be significantly reduced if rail transportation were available for the movement of materials necessary for construction and for the secure movement of launch vehicles, fuel and other operational supplies.
 (j) The 106th Congress recognized the potential benefits of establishing a rail connection to Alaska by enacting legislation to authorize a U.S.-Canada bilateral
commission to study the feasibility of linking the rail system in Alaska to the nearest appropriate point in Canada of the North American rail network.
 (k) In support of pending bilateral activities between the United States and Canada, it is appropriate for the United States to undertake activities relating to elements within the United States.
 (a) Within one year from the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, the State of Alaska and the Alaska Railroad Corporation, shall identify a proposed national defense railroad-utility corridor linking the existing corridor of the Alaska Railroad to the vicinity of the proposed National Missile Defense facilities at Fort Greely, Alaska. The corridor shall be at least 500 feet wide and shall also identify land for such terminals, stations, maintenance facilities, switching yards, and material sites as are considered necessary.
 (b) The identification of the corridor under paragraph (a) shall include information providing a complete legal description for and noting the current ownership of the proposed corridor and associated land.
 (c) In identifying the corridor under paragraph (a), the Secretary shall consider, at a minimum, the following factors:
 (1) The proximity of national defense installations and national defense considerations.
 (2) The location of and access to natural resources that could contribute to economic development of the region.
 (3) Grade and alignment standards that are commensurate with rail and utility construction standards and that minimize the prospect of at-grade railroad and highway crossings.
 (4) Availability of construction materials.
 (5) Safety.
 (6) Effects on and service to adjacent communities and potential intermodal transportation connections.
 (7) Environmental concerns.
 (8) Use of public land to the maximum degree possible.
 (9) Minimization of probable construction costs.
 (10) An estimate of probable construction costs and methods of financing such costs through a combination of private, State, and Federal sources.
 (11) Appropriate utility elements for the corridor, including but not limited to petroleum product pipelines, fiber-optic telecommunication facilities, and electrical power transmission lines.
 (12) Prior and established traditional uses.
 (d) The Secretary may, as part of the corridor identification, include issues related to the further extension of such corridor to a connection with the nearest appropriate terminus of the North American rail network in Canada.
 (a) The Secretary of the Interior shall--
 (1) upon completion of the corridor identification in section 3, negotiate the acquisition of any lands in the corridor which are not federally owned through an exchange for lands of equal or greater value held by the Federal Government elsewhere in Alaska; and
 (2) upon completion of the acquisition of lands under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall convey to the Alaska Railroad Corporation, subject to valid existing rights, title to the lands identified under section 3 as necessary to complete the national defense railroad-utility corridor, on condition that the Alaska Railroad Corporation construct in the corridor an extension of the railroad system to the vicinity of the proposed national missile defense installation at Fort Greely, Alaska, together with such other utilities, including but not limited to fiber-optic transmission lines and electrical transmission lines, as it considers necessary and appropriate. The Federal interest in lands conveyed to the Alaska Railroad Corporation under this Act shall be the same as in lands conveyed pursuant to the Alaska Railroad Transfer Act (45 U.S.C. 1201 et seq.).
 Actions authorized in this Act shall proceed immediately and to conclusion not withstanding the land-use planning provisions of section 202 of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976, Public Law 94-579.


View Amendment Current Amendment: 521R002.JS.docx to Bill 521 Senator SCOTT proposed the following amendment (521R002.JS):
 Amend the committee amendment, as and if amended, by striking subsection (B) and inserting:
/ (B) The superintendent must have either:
 (1) earned a graduate degree from an accredited college or university in education, public policy, or a related discipline, and must possess a combined ten years of experience in:
 (a) the field of education, including but not limited to, service as a classroom teacher, principal, other school administrator, school district administrator, or higher education administrator, school district superintendent, or any combination thereof; or
 (b) the formation of education policy, including but not limited to, service as a member of a school board or other entity that evaluates, develops, or approves educational policies; or
 (2) ten years of experience as a practicing attorney.
 Renumber sections to conform.
 Amend title to conform.


Home Jobs & Education What Is the Average Mortician Salary?
According to official government statistics provided by the BLS (the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S), the average mortician salary for the fiscal year of 2014 was $52,550 per year or $25.25 per hour. The profession, also known as that of a funeral service worker, requires an Associate's degree and has an average job outlook.
The mortician job is, therefore, higher paid than many US occupations featured in the BLS occupational handbook. However, some morticians and funeral workers receive a significantly lower pay for their job. The lowest paid 10% in this line of work receive just $25,910 per year, equaling to a mere $12.46 per hour. On the other end of the spectrum of reference for this occupation, the highest paid 10 points percentile get an average mortician salary of $83,520 or $40,16 per hour.
There isn't enough data to adequately say much about wage equality within this profession. As of 2014, there were only 60,400 people employed in the general area of funeral managing and death care. Of these 60,400, just 23,000 were morticians. Of the 23 thousand, 17 thousand were men, while 7,000 were women. Funeral workers and morticians are generally employed in the following two areas. As you can see, the salary of a mortician does vary a lot between them:
Industry Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
Federal Executive Branch (OES Designation) $34.77 $72,320
Death Care Services $24.94 $51,870
"mortician salary salary of a mortician average salary of a mortician average mortician salary"
A mortician makes arrangements for the funeral and takes care of the deceased.
What Is the Average Mortician Salary by Location
Depending on the location where he or she is employed, the salary of a mortician may vary very much. Furthermore, the levels of employment for this job tend to vary greatly depending on each State. While salary varies depending on how many people employ the services of morticians in the respective area, the general price-tag for a specific area also comes into play.
Here's a list of the States which pay their mortician salaries the most in terms of the annual mean wage:
State Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
Delaware $34.12 $70,970
Illinois $33.91 $70,530
New Jersey $33.80 $70,310
Rhode Island $33.74 $70,190
Nebraska $29.57 $61,510
Still, wage can be equally important as the specific level of employment. A mortician practicing his skills in Delaware might have a very hard time finding a job, even though the mortician salary is the highest out of all the US. That's because the whole state has just 80 mortician jobs available. Here's a table to indicate the best states in terms of employment:
State Employment Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
Texas 1,940 $24.11 $50,140
Ohio 1,500 $24.83 $51,650
California 1,490 $22.71 $47,230
New York 1,460 $25.26 $52,540
Florida 1,250 $25.74 $53,540
Average Mortician Salary Change over Time
Given that the mortician job is seen as a hereditary line of work, parents usually pass on their trade to their kids once they reach an appropriate age. This means that most employees who begin work in this job line so early already know the skills they need to earn a decent wage. Here are the factors that influence the average mortician salary over time, according to PayScale:
 - Entry-level employees can earn up to 17% lower than the national average while mid-career employees earn just 5% more.
 - Experienced mortician will earn a mortician salary up to 23% bigger than the national average.
 - Late-career morticians may earn less than experienced morticians, but still 20% more than the average.
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The Hokenson Brothers Fishery stands on the shore of Lake Superior at Little Sand Bay. Operated for more than 30 years by the families of Eskel, Leo and Roy Hokenson, it was an enterprise that started from scratch and eventually prospered due to the Hokensons' resourcefulness, ingenuity and hard work.
The Hokensons' story reads like a history of the Apostle Islands region. The three brothers were sons of Swedish immigrants. They grew up in Bayfield where their father was involved in lumbering and brownstone quarrying. As young men Eskel, Leo and Roy farmed and raised cattle on a family homestead near Little Sand Bay. During this time they fished only to supplement their diets. After several unsuccessful years on the farm the brothers bought three pond nets and began fishing commercially. By the late 1920's the Hokensons were farming during the day and fishing at night. As they honed their skills and realized how profitable fishing could be, they eventually pursued it full-time.
The Hokensons retired in the mid-1960's. Family members remaining in the area have been valuable sources of information about the fishery. Today, the fishery complex is maintained by the National Park Service. Its rustic buildings and historic artifacts are preserved as a museum where visitors can explore this remnant of the past.
Did You Know?
Black bear populations on the islands have their ups and downs. Between 2002 and 2010 the bear population on Stockton Island fell from 26 to 13. More bears were found on Oak Island (18) than on Stockton, and the numbers on Sand Island almost doubled from 6 to 10 individuals during that time.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Background New-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) is an important complication after kidney transplantation. The etiology of the malady is multifactorial and includes both environmental and genetic factors. NODAT is a polygenic disease and many single-nucleotide polymorphisms could constitute potential risk factors. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and P450 oxidoreductase (POR) play a central role in the control of energy metabolism in humans. Some recent data highlighted a possible functional impact of two single-nucleotide polymorphisms in PPARα (rs4253728 G> A and rs4823613 A>G) and one coding variant in POR (rs1057868; POR*28; A503V) on the activity of their respective encoded proteins. In the present study, we assessed the association between these variants and the risk of developing NODAT after kidney transplantation. Methods Development of NODAT was investigated in 101 renal transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive therapy. Patients were genotyped for PPARα and POR. The incidence of NODAT was compared between different genotypes. Kaplan-Meier and Cox's proportional-hazard analysis were used to evaluate the association of NODAT with potential risk factors. Potential nongenetic risk factors were also considered. Results The PPARa rs4253728A >G and POR*28 variant alleles were both independently associated with an increased risk for NODAT with respective odds ratios of 8.6 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.4-54.2; P = 0.02] and 8.1 (95% CI= 1.1-58.3; P = 0.04). Other risk predictors included sex and body weight. Conclusion This candidate-gene study shows that polymorphisms in PPARa and POR might predispose patients being treated with tacrolimus to the development of NODAT after kidney transplantation. Patient management after organ transplantation might benefit from genotype data. Pharmacogenetics and Genomics 23:649-657
Kidney transplantation, New-onset diabetes after transplantation, P450 oxidoreductase, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, Pharmacogenetics, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Tacrolimus,
Pharmacogenetics and Genomics
Department of Clinical Chemistry
Elens, L, Sombogaard, F, Hesselink, D.A, van Schaik, R.H.N, & van Gelder, T. (2013). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in P450 oxidoreductase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α are associated with the development of new-onset diabetes after transplantation in kidney transplant recipients treated with tacrolimus. Pharmacogenetics and Genomics, 23(12), 649–657. doi:10.1097/FPC.0000000000000001


Find Method
Finds the position of the specified library file.
Visual Basic
Public Function Find( _
 ByVal LibraryPath As String _
) As Long
The file system or ALM path of the function library file you want to find.
The ALM path is the location of the file in ALM. For example:
[ALM\Resources] Resources\Libraries\Library1.qfl (for a file stored in the Test Resources module) or [ALM] Subject\qtp95\Library1.qfl (for a file stored as an attachment.)
Return Type
The Find method returns -1 if the specified library path is not found.
In previous QuickTest versions, the LibraryPath argument for ALM paths was specified using an ALM virtual path, such as:
This format is no longer supported. If you used this format in previous automation scripts, you should change your scripts to reflect the new format, as described in the Syntax Details section.
See Also


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What is A Disciplined Life®?
Well before the value of social emotional learning became widely recognized in 2003, Perspectives Co-Founders Diana Shulla-Cose and Kim Day had already realized how critical this kind of learning was to their students' success. Fifteen years ago, they embraced the idea that social emotional learning would be an integral part of the Perspectives education model. They understood that the right foundation would help them provide children with safe, caring and well-managed learning environments.
Believing that character development and academic achievement are interdependent, they began brainstorming ideas for creating a school culture of both personal and academic excellence. They knew that providing their students with instruction in life skills, such as self-discipline, perseverance and good communication, would help them succeed. Together, they identified a set of principles that would guide Perspectives and called them A Disciplined Life®.
Social emotional learning standards have since been developed in accordance with Section 15(a) of Public Act 93-0495. This Act calls upon the Illinois State Board of Education to "develop and implement a plan to incorporate social and emotional development standards as part of the Illinois Learning Standards." Since the day Perspectives opened the doors to its first school, A Disciplined Life® has been in place, helping our students to succeed.
Today, the 26 principles of A Disciplined Life form the foundation of our culture at Perspectives Charter Schools and help prepare our students for success in college, the workplace and in life. Over time, A Disciplined Life has become integral to every aspect of Perspectives, informing our behavior, communication and productivity, while being cornerstone for our curriculum and professional development. It serves as a common language for our students, staff and parents as we work to achieve a culture of success.
A Disciplined Life translates into success for our students. Of our 2010 graduates, 97 percent were accepted to college. They have learned what it takes to succeed and understand that character, self-discipline and personal responsibility can change what the future holds for them.
We integrate the principles of A Disciplined Life in all aspects of our school community. From the classroom to the playground, from the front office to staff meetings – it is our common language and practice. A Disciplined Life ensures that we are focused and intentional about creating a culture of success for our students and we have recently begun developing assessments to measure impact.
How do we measure A Disciplined Life?


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The double escapement action was developed by Sébastien Erard in the 1800's and is now ubiquitous among grand pianos. (Chopin exploited this innovation to its maximum. A perfect example is seen in his 10/7 etude; notice the pattern of double notes in the lower voice of the treble clef).
Yes, that's the effect of the double escape mechanism.
Regarding Chopin however: he preferred to play on Pleyel pianos (as opposite to Liszt e.g.). Pleyel pianos did NOT have the double escapement action that time. That means, it is at least questionable that Chopin eploited this innovation.
However, the Pleyel pianos did have a short keyway, and had a very light action in conjunction with light hammers. Maybe fast repetitions were possible too without that mechanism.
So Chopin e.g. preferred to use the same finger for key repetitions (in opposite to the useage of different fingers, e.g. 4-3-2-4-3-2 and so on), I think that was stated somewhere in the Eigeldinger book "Chopin as seen by his pupils".


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Classroom Vignettes Dissertation Example
- Teaching //=$name_cat?>
- Discussion //=$name_cat_chapter?>
- Bachelor's //=$name_cat_level?>
Free Classroom Vignettes Dissertation ExampleClassroom Vignettes This paper will analyze the two classroom vignettes and address whether the classroom management strategies were applied efficiently. In the first vignette, Mr. Fowler is not addressing his student's self-awareness. Although the teacher lets Sasha post her drawings in the classroom after completing her assignments, this is not enough. The teacher just does a small favor to an F-grade student, while he should rather focus on helping the girl recognize her achievements and gradually lead her to completion of assignments without the supervision. Mr. Fowler should encourage Sasha to meet small challenges offered in the classroom and recognize her success of turning in the assignments. This should help the student move on and improve her performance. Mr. Fowler is promoting Sasha's self-management because he is directing her to stay on task and encouraging to complete the assignment. However, the teacher could encourage his student to exercise self-management more efficiently by stimulating Sasha's cognitive activity, self-instruction, self-monitoring, self-assessment, and self-reinforcement by assigning her with a task and asking her to analyze her progress and evaluate the results. Mr. Fowler has not been demonstrating the promotion of Sasha's self-efficacy as vignette 1 does not display the teacher's strong belief that the student is able to execute the assignment. The professor only emails her parents each time she fails to turn in an assignment, however, he does not motivate Sasha to get engaged into work other than letting her post her drawings. The student still needs to understand the possibilities of her capabilities and start approaching more challenging tasks. Mr. Fowler does not strongly stimulate Sasha to raise her self-esteem as the consequences of Sasha's low self-esteem and unwillingness to learn are portrayed in vignette 1. Sasha has demonstrated lower than average cognitive abilities in most of the subjects and lea...
Hire Custom Dissertation Writer to get help with writing Teaching Dissertation


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Tollbar Academy students are today celebrating outstanding GCSE results with 86% achieving grades 9-4 (a standard pass) in English and 79% achieving Grades 9-4 in Maths.
In total, 47 children achieved at least one top Grade 9 - the equivalent of the old A* grade, and there were 133 Grade 9s achieved across all subjects.
Under the new grading system, subjects have been marked from Grades 1-9, with a standard pass being a Grade 4 and a strong pass being a Grade 5. At Tollbar Academy, 71% of students achieved Grades 9-5 in English (a strong pass), and similarly 60% achieved Grades 9-5 in Maths (a strong pass).
There were 325 students in the year group, and 74% of those achieved Grades 9-4 in both English and Maths (a standard pass), with 53% achieving Grades 9-5 (a strong pass).
Individual subjects were also notable for their raft of top Grade 9s: History (14 Grade 9s); R.E. (13 Grade 9s); English Literature (18 Grade 9s); English Language (13 Grade 9s); Physics (16 Grade 9s); Chemistry (18 Grade 9s); Biology (10 Grade 9s); Combined Science(13 Grade 9s).
Stephen Moon, retiring Principal of Tollbar Academy said: "These results are outstanding. They are the consequence of the extreme hard work put in by the students and staff at the Academy and they place the students in a very good position to go on to further academic courses or apprenticeships. It is a privilege to be able to leave the Academy on such a high note."
David Hampson, Chief Executive of Tollbar Multi Academy Trust, said: "The results achieved by students at Tollbar Academy, particularly in English and Maths, are exceptional. It is difficult to quantify the hard work that goes into achieving results like this, both on the part of the students and the staff. The unpredictability of the new grading system and the mixed ability of students across all of Tollbar MAT's non-selective academies means that results day can be a very pressurised environment for everyone involved. At Tollbar Academy we also have a very large number of students in the year group, and these students deserve my sincere congratulations for an outstanding performance."


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Project Title: Maximizing the Benefits of International Voluntary Service: Relational Dimensions, Institutional Indicators, and Constructed Narratives
Summary: The goal of this paper is to answer the question: When are long-term immersive international volunteer programs most beneficial to local communities in Latin America? Through considering the different aspects of international voluntary service (IVS), the costs and benefits can be broken down into three frames of consideration. IVS can be thought of through relationship-building, institutional frameworks, and constructed narratives of service. IVS experiences that value relationships, community-building, and work within organizations that provide strong contextual frameworks for service best address the needs of the host community. However, these experiences may be constructed and marketed in many different ways via blogs, websites, and through other forms of social media. In contrast, IVS experiences that focus on the volunteer rather than the host community and have weak organizational structure will cause more harm than good to the host community. This research is critical because IVS is often discussed as having an explicit developmental agenda. Understanding the relationship between IVS and sustainable development will allow for more informed consumption of and participation in long-term international service projects. Guatemala is a host country that frequently receives IVS volunteers. Using Guatemala as a case study allows for an in-depth consideration of what works and what does not in an IVS program, and also opens up conversation for IVS in Latin America as a whole.


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Radar technology has been around for the longest time now. It is applicable in a variety of industries and its usage spans a number of applications. One such application is in weather. Weather radar is mostly used in the collection of data regarding the weather and its components. In this paper, we look at the advantages and disadvantages of weather radar.
1. High quality of data:
One of the main advantages of weather radar is the fact that the data collected by the radar is of high quality and can be used to determine various aspects of the weather reliably.
2. Reliable weather forecasts:
The forecasting of the weather is one of the most important uses of weather radar. Through radar technology, experts have been able to reliably predict the weather and sometimes even measure the exact amount of rainfall or precipitation.
3. More accurate results: Using weather radar to determine the weather and even to predict the weather results in much more accurate results. Radar can easily measure the exact amount or quantity of a particular weather element and use this to determine the expected forecasts.
4. Locate precipitation: Weather radar can also be used to locate precipitation in any given area of the earth. This information comes in handy when determining the exact amount of rainfall that is expected.
5. Can calculate the speed of precipitation:
Besides locating precipitation, weather radar can also be used to calculate the exact speed of precipitation, a fete that was previously impossible using the conventional means.
6. Can determine the structure of storms:
Weather radar has been used extensively by experts to determine the structure of storms. This information is then used to build the profile of expected storms and put in place mitigating measures.
7. Hail detection:
We can also use weather radar to detect hailstorms that are expected within a particular locality. This information is important in determine the exact nature of the hailstorms and help prevent its effects.
8. Research: Weather radar also comes in handy in the field of research where experts can use it to profile the weather of a given area and use the patterns to predict the climate of that area and help people in planning.
9. Flood forecasting: Weather radar can also be used for flood forecasting to predict the occurrence of floods.
10. Weather surveillance: Weather radar helps in profiling the weather of a given area provides people with the confidence of the climate and also advises on the expected weather at a given time.
1. Cannot detect fog: Weather radar has the limitation of not being able to detect fog. This creates a gap in weather forecasting where an area that is likely to receive fog is not properly profiled.
2. Cannot detect wind independently:
Weather radar is not known to detect wind independently unless with the use of additional remote sensing. This also creates a gap weather forecasting.
3. Not entirely reliable:
Weather radar has a variety of limitations that makes it lack in some of the most important forecasting principles. This means the radar is not entirely reliable in terms of weather forecasting.
4. Requires expertise to analyze: The usage of weather radar to forecast the weather is not an easy thing and requires some level of expertise analyze the data that comes through it.
5. Relies on intense datasets:
There is a huge dataset associated with the weather radar that needs to be analyzed before any decision is made. This data is so big that it may take considerable amount of time to analyze fully.
6. The analysis is not instant: The weather analysis done through weather radar is not always instant and therefore the information is not real time.
7. Weather changes all the time: The weather is a phenomenon that changes all the time. This means that any delay in data collection may sometimes result in useless data.
8. The estimates can be wrong: The estimates obtain from weather radar are not 100 percent accurate. This means that the data may be wrong in some cases and this may impact on the final decision making.
9. Radar technology keeps growing: Radar technology is not static. It is dynamic and it keeps growing at a really fast pace. This means that scientists need to keep up with the technology which can be expensive and time consuming.
10. More interference: Radar technology experiences interference from various aspects of the weather including water, wind and so on. This may affect the quality of the data and hence the results of the analysis.


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Community Food Economy: The community food economy map is a platform for adding information about individuals' experiences within the food economy. It is ultimately up to community organizations and their members what information they would like to have displayed on this map. The information added to this map could include economic activity that is accounted for in the "community economy", such as bartering, trading, sharing of food; as examples, the map could include backyard garden or rooftop food production, informal catering services, gardening activities and workshops, or information about free meals. Clicking on any of the maps below will bring you to the dynamic map in Google Fusion. At the bottom of the page are links to the editable versions of each of these maps.
The Google Fusion Table User's Guide will help with navigating and editing the maps.
Food Economy Maps:
Editable Map Links:


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In support of CAR related research, a CAR data processing system was designed and implemented by the Cloud Retrieval Group at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in early 1995. The purpose of the processing system is to ingest CAR raw digital counts and engineering data, and produce calibrated radiances in Hierarchical Data Format (HDF). To complement CAR radiometric data, a set of carefully selected C-131A or CV-580 navigation data and in situ cloud microphysics measurements are included in the CAR HDF data set. The end product is a self-contained, self-describing, and information-rich data set.
By clicking on one of the field experiments to the left, one may obtain detailed information on each of the CAR missions for that experiment, including:


[Suggestion] More education on breaking down camera functionality
Hi - I'd like to see a more indepth approach to documenting/tutorializing how cameras work with pawns, as level actors, and with characters. Each piece of sample content seems to approach cameras in sometimes very different ways and it's not made clear as to why this implementation is used vs. that implementation etc. Like how is there always a default camera even without a level actor camera or component camera. And what happens in the viewtarget system. Which components need to be used to produce camera rotations, blending etc. Which classes need to be used for each condition - like pawn with third person camera should be x, character with 2 camera types etc.
I've just noticed an enormous amount of questions that aren't addressed concerning cameras and there is no one spot where camera functionality is properly broken down with examples so it's taking me a long time to search and gather information on the internet just to answer very simple questions.
Yes I have read the camera responsibility chain docs etc but it has zero examples or even a simple diagram. And why isn't there a camera-aim component in the camera actor wrapper class?
I agree. When I was trying to figure out my camera I had to search through tons of documentation, tutorials, etc just to get an idea where to start. Given how basic cameras are this could use an in depth tutorial all by itself.


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West Greenland Current
The West Greenland Current is a weak cold water current that flows to the north along the west coast of Greenland. The current results from the movement of water flowing around the southernmost point of Greenland caused by the East Greenland Current.
According to Lloyd et al., 2007, the WGC is a WARM current connected to a broader scale North Atlantic climate via the combined influences of Atlantic water from the Irminger Current (IC) and polar water from the East Greenland Current.
Paleoclimatology records derived from foraminifera abundance show that periodic influxes of warm subsurface temperatures and near-bottom temperatures occurred throughout the Late Holocene epoch, particularly during the Holocene climatic optimum. The increased flow from the nearby East Greenland Current was associated with increased glacial iceberg calving from the large Jakobshavn Isbrae glacial outlet within the western Greenland Ice Sheet, causing rapid melting and destabilization events. Following the Neoglaciation, the Jakobshavn outlet formed a floating ice tongue around 2000 years before present.
See also
- Labrador Current
- Baffin Island Current
- Gulf Stream
- Jakobshavn Isbrae
- Ocean current
- Oceanic gyres
- Physical oceanography
- Source: Llyod, J., Kuijpers, A., Long, A., Moros, M., and Park, L. 2007. Foraminiferal reconstruction of midto late Holocene ocean circulation and climate variability in Disko, Bugt, West Greenland. The Holocene: 17: _PHONE_.
- Andresen, Camilla S.; David J. McCarthy, Christian Valdemar Dylmer, Marit Solveig Seidenkrantz, Antoon Kuijpers and Jerry M. Lloyd (September 27, 2010). "Interaction between subsurface ocean waters and calving of the Jakobshavn Isbræ during the late Holocene". The Holocene 21 (2): 221–224. doi:10.1177/0959683610378877. Retrieved 22 March 2011.
|This article about a specific ocean current is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|
|This Greenland-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


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Summary: The Stakeholder Workshop Series
Connect with others. Synthesize Knowledge. Solidify relationships.
Workshop 3- Salmon
What is the Stakeholder Workshop Series?
The Stakeholder Workshop Series is creating a safe space to explore, build, and maintain links
among management issues associated with: fisheries, forestry, mining and agriculture. The three
themes for the workshop series: 1) Water, 2) Climate Change, and 3) Salmon are not mutually
exclusive; each theme overlaps, with previous discussions lending insight to the next. During
each workshop, participants will work to identify barriers to collaboration and knowledge
exchange and consider innovative ways to overcome these barriers. All stakeholders will benefit
from learning about how others understand patterns of ecological, social, and economic
processes. Due to the cultural differences between people, these workshops aim to address
aspects of natural resource management while uncovering how different stakeholders understand
the same information in different ways. For the purpose of this discussion, stakeholders are
defined as people within society that share specific concerns (recognising that individuals may
simultaneously belong to several stakeholder groups).
Although we will be building bridges between different ways of understanding the world, this
workshop series does not aim to create a new committee. Rather, we will work to synthesise


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Moby-Dick Chapter 108: Ahab and the Carpenter Summary
- The novel returns to a playbook-style format with stage directions.
- In the evening, the carpenter is working on Ahab's new ivory leg by lantern-light.
- The blacksmith is working, too, in the background.
- The carpenter murmurs to himself about the leg as he works on it.
- Ahab visits the carpenter so the length of the leg can be measured.
- He asks the carpenter what the blacksmith is doing, and the carpenter explains that the blacksmith is making the buckle-screw.
- Ahab describes the blacksmith as a second Prometheus, and jokes that he's going to order him to forge a completely mechanical man.
- Ahab begins to talk to about creation, and the carpenter doesn't know whether he's talking to himself or not.
- Then Ahab asks the carpenter if, in addition to making the new bone leg, he can make Ahab stop feeling the old leg in its place, which, of course, he can't.
- Ahab laments the fact that he must depend on the carpenter's help, when he'd rather feel himself entirely free and independent.
- The carpenter resumes his work, reminding himself that Stubb always calls Ahab "queer" and feeling the truth of that label.
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About this post
Technique used for: forming thought-experiments, lateral thinking provocations.
Technique in a nutshell: You take a simple fact (example: cinemas show films) and imagine there was a time when that idea was actually created and considered to be a good idea. You then ask what was before that. So, with the cinema example you could conclude that cinemas showed TV programmes, play music etc (before they showed films), and thus 'cinemas show TV programmes' becomes a thought experiment (or provocation).
Forming lateral thinking provocations and thought experiments
I've been toying with this approach to form lateral thinking provocations. It's also a possible way to use the escape method.
I start by finding a subject and then naming a fact about it. So, with the subject 'wedding' I list a simple fact:
A wedding has a couple
Then I pretend there was a time when this was actually an idea (maybe even a eureka! moment for somebody) maybe worded as:
Wouldn't it be a good idea if weddings had a couple?
and then consider what was pre-idea: that is, the situation that existed before the 'great' idea. Maybe:
A wedding has one person
and that is the provocation.
Fact: A wedding occurs in a church. Pre-idea/provocation = A wedding occurs anywhere you want
Fact: A wedding has vows. Pre-idea/provocation = A wedding is silent
Fact: A wedding has people. Pre-idea/provocation = nobody goes to a wedding


text: NORTH CREEK On Tuesday, May 20, Dan Miner and Ken Leccese from radio station 98.5 WCKM in Glens Falls, visited the 4th, 5th and 6th graders of Johnsburg Central School. This provided an opportunity for students to learn about the field of radio broadcasting as a possible career. Mr. Miner and Mr. Leccese conducted a question and answer session in which the students gained an awareness of the requirements and education necessary to seek such employment. The students and teachers thoroughly enjoyed their guests, feeling the thrill of what it must be like to be behind a microphone entertaining thousands of listeners.


text:
Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
Print version ISSN _PHONE_
LAZZARIN, Helen Cristina; NAKAMA, Luiza and CORDONI JUNIOR, Luiz. Perceptions of dentistry teachers in the teaching and learning process. Ciênc. saúde coletiva [online]. 2010, vol.15, suppl.1, pp. _PHONE_. ISSN _PHONE_. _URL_
The didactic-pedagogical training of the university professor and of the quality of higher education must be revised due to the demands of the dynamic society and to the implementation of national curricular guidelines. Within this context, it was analyzed the perceptions of dentistry undergraduate of Universidade Estadual de Londrina teachers about the role of the teacher in the teaching and learning process. A qualitative research was carried out and data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Results showed that the teacher plays an essential role in the teaching and learning process, being the sole provider of knowledge. Teaching and learning strategies are based on oral transmission. Most part of the teachers got their didactic-pedagogical education from postgraduate Courses (Master's and/or PhD), that do not qualify teachers adequately for their teaching career. The teachers are not formally prepared for their teaching careers. In conclusion, findings from this study must be revised both regarding the training and the didactic-pedagogical upgrading in search of a general, humanist, critical and reflexive formation of the student.
Keywords : Health education; Faculty of dentistry; Higher education; Curriculum; Didactic-pedagogical training.


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Your Mac comes with a useful, built-in Look Up characteristic that permits you to get info on absolutely anything. Whether or not it's a easy phrase definition or a sport on the App Retailer, with a click on you may get what you want.
Whereas this instrument is handy, it's a type of issues chances are you'll not consider using. We'll present you easy methods to entry and provide you with ideas for utilizing the Mac Look Up reference instrument.
Opening the Mac Look Up instrument
You have got three fast methods to open the Look Up instrument, so use whichever is most snug for you.
Choose a phrase or phrase after which:
- Use the keyboard shortcut Command + Management + D.
- Proper-click and choose Look Up from the shortcut menu.
- Use pressure contact with three fingers in your Mac touchpad.
Utilizing these strategies will open the Dictionary part of the Look Up instrument, which supplies you the definition, pronunciation, a part of speech, and such.
Look Up instrument decisions
You have got extra choices to take a look at apart from the Dictionary. And the choices differ relying on the phrase or phrase. Whenever you open the Look Up instrument, simply slide or swipe to the appropriate for the extra decisions.
- Wikipedia: Reveals a preview of the phrase or phrase on Wikipedia.
- Siri Information: Reveals the small print Siri has in regards to the phrase or phrase.
- iTunes Retailer: Reveals songs or albums containing the phrase or phrase.
- App Retailer or Mac App Retailer: Reveals iOS or Mac apps with the phrase or phrase.
- E book Retailer: Reveals books with the phrase or phrase within the title.
- Motion pictures: Reveals films with the phrase or phrase within the title.
- TV Present: Reveals TV exhibits with the phrase or phrase within the title.
- Maps: Reveals a location with the phrase or phrase in its identify on a map with contact particulars and Yelp evaluations.
- Information: Reveals information tales associated to the phrase or phrase.
- Twitter: Reveals a latest tweet with the phrase or phrase.
- Net Movies: Reveals internet movies associated to the phrase or phrase.
Inside every possibility above, you may click on for additional particulars or to move proper to the supply. As an example, films will take you to the TV app and an app will take you to the App Retailer.
Adjusting the ideas in Look Up
Your Mac will use ideas that you just allow for Highlight Search in case you like. To allow or disable this selection, open your System Preferences with the button your Dock or by clicking Apple icon > System Preferences from the menu bar after which comply with these steps.
1) In System Preferences, click on Highlight.
2) On the backside of the Highlight settings, examine or uncheck the field for Permit Highlight Ideas in Look Up.
Wrapping it up
The Look Up reference instrument on Mac actually is a superb characteristic that may prevent time. Whether or not you desire a definition or are fascinated with a film, app, or put up on Twitter, Look Up may also help.
Is the Look Up instrument one thing that you just neglect about or occur use on a regular basis in your Mac? Tell us!


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Käännettävä sana (suomeksi tai englanniksi):
- The residue, remainder or rest of something
- The solid material remaining after the liquid in which it was dissolved has been evaporated; a residue.
- A binary function from [0,1] × [0,1] to [0,1] which is defined in terms of the t-norm as follows:, where denotes the t-norm function and denotes the supremum.
- The residue of an estate


Press Releases
2020-04-16 Korenix LPWA Solution for Environmental Monitoring
IoT applications such as smart meters, traffic tracking, environmental monitoring and other industrial services that connect devices to the cloud are adopted by more and more companies nowadays. When deploying network in environmental monitoring, operators might find multiple challenges, such as, finding or building power source in the filed site, lacking devices that can cover long range area to complete the topology. Moreover, when in the field site, harmful dust or immersion into water happen a lot and devices with IP67 are often required.
LPWA network, Low-power-wide-area network, is a technology that helps operators in IoT or smart city field to meet the specific cost, coverage and power consumption needs. As a communication system to connect IIoT devices and network, LPWA networks are drawing much attention for its major features as follows:
- Low power operation: Battery lifetime of several years with a coin cell battery
- Long range: One base station covers tens of kilometers
- Low data rates: Several dozen bps to 1M bps
- Low communication fees: Several dozen to several hundred yen per month (per connection)
Successful Case
Korenix has offered solution through LPWA solution for street light control at port. The primary point of Smart Street light is to reduce power utilization when there are no activity moments on the road. This project requires a wide range of network cover. The control room needs to connect to the port street light with over 5km distance. Since it is hard to find an extra power source, the end-customer like to use solar panel existing power to supply the wireless device power. By using Korenix LPWA product end-user can easily control the street light from the control room.
Why Korenix:
 1. Require wide range wireless communication. JetWave 4110L can reach 10km transmit range
 2. IP67 housing require
 3. Provide Modbus RTU protocol and commend to sync up the data from sensor to PLC.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
The title is probably a bit too broad. I frequently encountered the following situation: suppose I need to select a solution to a linear equation from a compact set. Can I make this selection continuous?
Formally, let $S \subset \mathbb{R}^n$ be a compact set. Let $A$ be a $k \times n$ matrix ($k < n$), which we view as a linear function $A: \mathbb{R}^n \to \mathbb{R}^k$. Let $T = A(S)$ be the range of $A$ on $S$. Is there a continuous function $g: T \to S$, such that $A g(y) = y$?
To construct $g$, we only need to pick a value from the solution set $A^{-1}(\{y\}) \cap S$, which is compact. The question is: can we choose it in a continuous way? It is easy to see that we can choose $g$ to be Borel measurable, say, choose $g$ to be the one with the minimum Euclidean norm from the solution set.
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alright. I think this is impossible in general. Example: $n = 2, k =1$. $S = [-1,0] \times $ {1} $\cup$ $[0,1] \times $ {0}. Then T=[-1, 1]. There is a problem at y=0 – mr.gondolier Apr 6 '10 at 3:56
I think what is lacking here is convexity. Otherwise, one can make use of this selection theorem: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_selection_theorem – mr.gondolier Apr 6 '10 at 4:20
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Building on the brilliance of Fred Korematsu Speaks Up, the newest installment in the Fighting for Justice series introduces young readers to another real-life champion for civil rights: Bridget "Biddy" Mason, an African American philanthropist, healer, and midwife who was born into slavery. When Biddy arrived in California, where slavery was technically illegal, she was kept captive by her owners and forced to work without pay. But when Biddy learned that she was going to be taken to a slave state, she launched a plan to win her freedom. She refused to be defined by her enslavement, and coauthors Arisa White and Laura Atkins devote much of their narrative to Biddy Mason's later life as a business and civic leader in the fledgling city of Los Angeles.
Biddy Mason Speaks Up is an age-appropriate yet unflinching examination of slavery, racism, and community healing in the United States. Each chapter begins with lyrical verse and full-color illustrations that draw readers into the narrative, and is followed by visually engaging sections filled with keyword definitions, historical context, timelines, and primary sources. Throughout the book, the authors pose questions to the reader, such as "How do you see power at work in your community?", making Biddy Mason's story all the more relatable to the present day.


text: The incidence of primary intracranial tumors in Manitoba, Canada was reviewed. From 1980 through 1985, 657 tumors were diagnosed. The crude incidence rates were 10.2/100,000 for males and 10.8/100,000 for females. The three most common tumors were: astrocytoma 281 (43%), meningioma 145 (22%), and pituitary adenoma 111 (17%). Average annual incidence rates for all tumors showed a bimodal distribution with one peak in the 0-4 age group (4.2/100,000), and the other in the 60-69 age group (27.2/100,000). For malignant astrocytoma, the age-specific annual incidence rate increased to the seventh decade where it reached a peak of 14.3/100,000. The incidence of benign astrocytoma remained relatively constant with age at 1.1/100,000. The annual incidence of meningioma increased with age up to the eighth decade reaching 7.2/100,000. Of the 145 meningiomas, 56 (39%) were meningotheliomatous, 48 (33%) transitional, 10 (7%) malignant, 7 (5%) fibroblastic, 6 (4%) psammomatous, 3 (2%) angioblastic, and 15 (10%) lacked pathologic diagnosis. The annual incidence of pituitary adenoma showed two peaks, the first occurring in the third decade (2.6/100,000) and the second in the eighth decade (3.2/100,000). Although the incidence of meningioma was relatively high, the clinical features and pathologic patterns of these tumors were not unlike those previously reported in the literature.


- Both resolved their disobedience issues after getting injured in a battle and then being nursed back to health by their Trainers. They then battle and win against the same Pokémon that injured them.
 - So far, Mamoswine is Dawn's only dual-type Pokémon.
 - Mamoswine is Dawn's second evolved Pokémon, the first being Ambipom. Both are final forms of a Generation II evolution family. Coincidentally, both need to know a specific move to evolve.
 - Sleepless in Pre-Battle, the episode in which Swinub evolves into Piloswine, first aired in Japan in the same week that Hungry For the Good Life!, the episode in which Swinub is captured, first aired in the United States. The same thing happened to Ash's Gliscor.
 - Mamoswine is the first Pokémon in the current saga to appear evolved in an opening prior to its actual evolution being shown. Furthermore, it was as a Mamoswine.
 - Like many other main characters' Pokémon, Mamoswine was obtained after the Pokémon's species' debut in a movie.
 - Mamoswine is Dawn's only Pokémon that has not yet been used in a Contest.
 - Both of Mamoswine's evolutions happened during a battle with Team Rocket.
Related articles
For more information on this Pokémon's species, see Swinub, Piloswine, and Mamoswine.


How To Use Manual Can Opener?
How do you use a simple can opener?
How To Use A Can Opener (Tutorial) –
How do you use a manual can opener on a one wheel?
Single Wheel Opener
It comes equipped with magnets to hold the can in place, while the wheel cuts through the rim. Usage: Place the opener on top of the lid with the wheel close to the rim. Slice through the lid with ease by cranking the key to turn the wheel.
How do you use a butterfly can opener?
How to use: Vaughan's Safety Roll Jr Can Opener –
How do you use a claw shaped can opener?
Old Kitchen Gadgets That Still Work Great –


Trading The Butterfly Pattern
The Butterfly pattern, discovered by Bryce Gilmore, is a reversal chart pattern that consists of four distinct swings in the market.
The rules to identify the Butterfly trading pattern are strict and requires the use of certain Fibonacci ratios that were made public by Scott Carney.
If you use ratios from Fibonacci to identify certain patterns, you are essentially trading a harmonic pattern which the Butterfly pattern is considered as.
In this article, you are going to learn a Butterfly Pattern trading strategy that includes:
 1. How to identify the Butterfly pattern using the required Fibonacci retracement and extension ratios
 2. How to calculate your stop loss level
 3. Where to set your profit target
These types of patterns, harmonic patterns, are not for everyone.
You must buy into Fibonacci as a means of trading and believe there is an edge in doing so.
That said, one important aspect of the Butterfly trading pattern is an A-B=C-D formation and that is something I personally use as a rule of thumb for profit targets and potential turning points. It does not have to be an exact match
How To Identify A Butterfly Harmonic Pattern
The Butterfly pattern is similar to the Gartely as both form a warped "W" or "M" shape. The difference is the Gartley is considered a completed pattern when a Fibonacci retracement ratio and an extension level coincide
The Butterfly is considered to be complete when two Fibonacci extensions coincide.
For the Butterfly pattern to be found, we need four points in the market: X, A, B, C and D, which is considered a Potential Reversal Zone and not a point.
It is this location you would look for a trade position.
Each swing has a relationship to another which are specific Fibonacci numbers and are needed to validate the swings:
 - AB leg should equal 78.6% retracement of the XA leg
 - BC leg should be between 38.2 and 88.6% retrace of the A-B leg
 - C-D swing is 168 to 261.8% extension of A-B swing
 - The most important number in this pattern is the 127% extension of the XA leg
 - Both bullish butterfly patterns and bearish patterns use the same ratios
bearish butterfly trading pattern
This is an example of a Bearish Butterfly Pattern where we would want to short a reversal. The red star is the Potential Reversal Zone and you would look to position in the trade in that zone.
Because the reversal zone can be known ahead of time (1.27% extension of X-A / 1.68-2.618% ext of A-B), you can set an alert for when price enters this zone.
How To Trade The Butterfly Pattern
Tradingview has a superb tool (XABCD pattern) for drawing the Butterfly pattern but it can also be done with the Fibonacci tool.
butterfly chart patterns
 1. This is the X point and is the first place we click with the tool
 2. This ending forms that XA swing
 3. We click at this point and we get the AB leg (70% retrace in this example)
 4. Clicking here gives us the BC leg (C ends at an 87.9% pullback against the AB leg)
 5. This is the Potential Reversal Zone and completes the CD leg (This forms a 153% extension of XA leg and 235% extension of BC leg
Remember, the Potential Reversal Zone is known in advance.
The following chart shows the same chart using Fibonacci retracements and extensions. After point four ( BC leg) has completed, you can then project upwards to find the zones and mark off the areas of interest.
potential reversal zone of butterfly pattern
The red zone is the 1.618 extension of the BC leg and the 1.272 (1.618) extension of the XA leg. This is the minimum zone and you would prefer to have a price closer to the 1.272 end of the zone.
The yellow zone includes the extreme extension level of the BC leg and the minimum 1.272 of the XA leg.
While the hard and fast rule is the AB leg must be a retract 78.6% of XA leg, let's agree that markets are not exact and close is close enough.
Stop Loss Location + Profit Targets
Every method of trading should have a stop loss and the harmonic Butterfly pattern has a built-in stop-loss location.
Your stop loss on a short reversal trade should go just beyond the trading zone outlined via the Fib ratios. Some traders, if the price has not breached the 1.618 extension of the XA leg, will put their stop loss above that location.
Profit targets can be Fibonacci retracements of the entire CD leg. You can also trail your stop above each high (for a short) each time a new low is made
stop loss profit targets for butterfly trading pattern
When considering profits, use the levels as zones and monitor price action. What we don't want to see is strong momentum against our positions and remember that Fibonacci levels hold no magic in the markets.
Learn to line up the levels with actual support and resistance levels that may affect the direction of price.
Butterfly Pattern – A Twist
The important numbers of the Butterfly are the 78.6% level and the 127% extension level. We can use those two levels to form the bones of a trading strategy.
This is an uptrend and we pull the Fibs from highs to low.
When price meets the 78.6% level, we take a long position with the 127% extension level as our price target.
Note that at the top of the chart where the red X is located, price did not breach the 78.6% level and therefore there is no long trade taken. We then reverse to trading shorts.
Trading Reactions
Another method that will utilize the same important ratios of the Butterfly pattern allows us to play both sides of the trend.
In this case, we are trading the break of the 78.6% level and taking profits at that 127% level.
The yellow dashes are the break of the 78.6 levels and the yellow splash is the 127 level where you'd take profits and reverse if possible.
We will then look to see a reaction in the opposite direction of our previous trade. We are looking to take advantage of:
 - Momentum once price breaks the 78.6% level
 - Reversal momentum once price hits the 127% level, reverses, and traps traders that must exit.
The last trade on the right is a current long that just broke the 78.6% level.
As for stop locations, you could use a ratio of 61.8 to tuck your stop behind
Butterfly Pattern Trading Strategy Wrap Up
The Butterfly pattern can be simple to spot when you see a pullback (AB leg) from the initial XA leg. You will then look for a higher low (uptrend) that would form the end of the BC leg.
The stop loss and price targets are built-in which takes much discretion out of the Butterfly strategy.
The biggest issue for a trader is defining swings in the market that can be used to draw the pattern. The rule of thumb is to use a swing that is obvious.
Look around your charts for the pattern and define your trading rules for a Butterfly strategy or for the last two just mentioned.
To learn about the price patterns I prefer, please download your free Price Pattern Guide
Author: CoachShane
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Valgrind experts can help me out here with the valgrind report.
Ran c++ application with valgrind to detect memory leaks, and strangely the leak summary shows different output on different runs. Note that the c++ process was loaded uniformly in all the runs. Below is the summary for two executions: In first execution:
==15767== LEAK SUMMARY:
==15767== definitely lost: 355 bytes in 25 blocks
In second execution:
==00:00:14:19.929 24494== LEAK SUMMARY:
==00:00:14:19.929 24494== definitely lost: 236 bytes in 8 blocks
Can someone tell why the number of blocks are varying?
Thanks in advance, appreciate your help.
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1 Answer 1
It is most likely that the process behaved differently (because of timing, thread scheduling, external resources, etc.)
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Thanks for your prompt reply. So, which one is the genuine leak? – syed misba Sep 7 '11 at 11:25
Most probably both, but it is possible that all leaks result from the same bug. – Ofir Sep 7 '11 at 12:42
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