Kourtaliotiko Gorge
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Kourtaliotiko Gorge
The Kourtaliotiko Gorge (Greek: Κουρταλιώτικο Φαράγγι), also known as the Asomatos Gorge (Greek: Φαράγγι Ασώματου), is a gorge on the southern side of the western part of the island of Crete. It is situated where the Kourtaliotiko River flows southwards between the mountains of Kouroupa and Xiron.
Entrance Arch
The village of Koxare is at the northern end of the gorge. A road runs north to south through the gorge connecting Koxare to Asomatos; it then leads west, to the town of Plakias on the southern coast of Crete.
There is a small church (Agios Nikolaos) in the gorge and a 40-metre-high waterfall.
The cliffs on the side of the gorge provide a roosting site for the Lammergeier vulture.[1]
There is a specific point on the gorge, about 20 metres from the northern entrance, some "claps" can be heard, like hands coming together. These "claps" are the "kourtala", that give the name to the gorge. These are a consequence of the wind being funnelled through the high caves of the gorge and breaking the sound barrier. The point near the northern entrance is the main point where this sound can be heard.
 1. ^ GR183 Mount Kedros and Kourtaliotiko gorge Hellenic Ornithological Society, Important Bird Areas of Greece.
External links[edit]
Coordinates: 35°12′11″N 24°28′08″E / 35.203°N 24.469°E / 35.203; 24.469


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Clinical Intensive - NYC (Afternoon)
When: Thursday, December 13 - 1:30 PM
Duration: 3 hours 30 minutes
Location: Kimmel Center for University Life, Washington Square South, New York, NY, USA
This offering is designed to provide behavioral health providers with an understanding of and tools to address racial and cultural differences in therapeutic settings. Cultural competence and knowledge of effective approaches to addressing difference can improve the therapeutic alliance between providers and participants. All training attendees will examine the impact of implicit biases on their work, and practice addressing racial and cultural differences through role play exercises. At the end of the series, we expect clinicians to have learned new approaches that they can apply within their own clinical work.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Locomobile History: John B. Walker started the Locomobile Company of America in 1899 in Watertown, Massachusetts. Locomobiles started as small mid-priced steam driven cars with engines designed by the Stanley brothers. They made about 4,000 steam engine cars until 1903 when the company turned to the internal combustion engine and added luxury items. The 1904 Locomobile was a touring car that carried six people and sold for $4,500. The Locomobile company started racing their cars in 1905 and they won the Vanderbilt Cup in 1908; the first U.S. car company to win an international race.
The most famous Locomobile was the 1919 Model 48 but it's price, $10,000 compared to the $300 Model T Ford Phaeton, resulted in limited sales. William Durant bought the Locomobile company in 1922 and continued to use the Locomotive marque until 1929.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


INSERT Procedure Example
To see an example of an INSERT procedure
 1. Load the example model CICSAccts.model into the Design Tool.
 2. The Main entity appears in the model window.
 3. Select Tables from the Model menu.
 4. Expand the Accounts table by clicking the plus sign (+) next to it.
 5. The procedures for the Accounts table appear below.
 6. Click the InsertAccount procedure.
Evaluate the structure of this procedure in the Procedure Editor and in the Tables dialog box.


The typical outage or voltage dip rarely lasts more than a few seconds. A properly sized UPS will provide that much ride-through.
Do battery-based UPSs give you the blues? Perhaps you should consider the advantages of a flywheel UPS. In some applications, this battery-free UPS can supplement a battery-based UPS — or even be used in place of that UPS.
The battery blues
When you think of UPSs, you probably think of batteries. After all, most UPSs chemically store energy in battery cells. Unfortunately, batteries can cause many complications. Batteries require extensive maintenance, considerable expertise, and lots of floor space — all of which is expensive. Because of the time required to build a wet cell battery, orders have long lead times. And thanks to Internet-fueled demand, lead times can be an entire year.
To further aggravate matters, batteries fail well before their rated backup time in today's cost-cutting, maintenance-averse world. The battery failure causes shown in the sidebar, on page PQ18, are preventable — but only through the use of resources most owners don't provide. Batteries work fine if management commits to maintaining them, but typically management will cut costs at any price. That's the great weakness of batteries — they are not items you can buy and forget.
Fortunately, battery-free UPSs (such as flywheels) are an option. Unlike batteries, the flywheel UPS uses a mechanical means of storing energy. Let's consider some applications for flywheel UPS technology.
Applications for a flywheel UPS
Many people measure backup quality in minutes — they think the more, the better. However, this metric is unrealistic for most applications. The typical outage or voltage dip rarely lasts more than a few seconds. Thus, you need just a few seconds of ride-through per event. A properly sized UPS will provide just that.
Today's flywheel UPSs use a single conversion design and don't have long backup times. So, on first examination, it appears the flywheel UPS isn't suitable for a data center. Let's look at why this assumption is shaky.
Suppose you get 10 voltage dips or outages in a typical week. That means 10 hits to your batteries. Anyone familiar with batteries knows they last much longer when you don't use them. A cell degrades with each use — no matter how small. That's why you can use it only so many times before it wears out.
We know the rated life spans of batteries are optimistic at best. Five years is a typical limit to a cell's life. Thus, you will take your battery out of service at least once every five years, in addition to normal maintenance. However, the flywheel UPS has a service life of 20 years.
A flywheel UPS (placed ahead of your batteries) eliminates most hits your batteries take and increases cell life significantly. The resultant longer replacement cycle reduces purchase costs and saves your battery capacity for when you really need it. Plus, you have the flywheel UPS online during cell changeout.
Do the cost savings absorb the cost of the added flywheel UPS? That depends on many factors, and in some cases you may not justify the cost. But such an application is certainly worth exploring, especially if you risk downtime during each cycle of battery replacement.
Here's another application to consider. The Achilles' heel of standby generator systems is the battery. By using a flywheel UPS to start your generator, you eliminate the cause of most generator system failures. Now let's look at some other advantages that flywheels provide.
Known ride-through
What's the real capacity of a battery system? Given the rampant inattention to battery maintenance, few owners can estimate their available battery ride-through time within 50%. But by using a flywheel-based UPS, you know the exact speed of the flywheel and the amount of energy it stores. So, you know the available ride-through time.
Temperature insensitivity
Chemical storage is a temperature-sensitive proposition. Batteries lose capacity as temperature rises. But, it gets worse. In the interest of saving square footage, many owners stack cells three and four tiers high. This creates several problems, including a temperature gradient between each tier. That gradient makes it impossible to set up a proper float charge for the whole battery.
A flywheel UPS can operate at temperatures as high as 40°C. In models currently on the market, the form factor eliminates the temptation to stack one on top of the other. But even if you did stack these, the temperature gradient would be irrelevant.
Ventilation not required
The flywheel UPS doesn't produce gas, whereas UPS batteries do. A wet-cell battery requires frequently changed, relatively cool air. Without adequate ventilation, a buildup of combustible gases produces an unacceptable situation. While valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries have been hyped as "maintenance-free," they are actually more maintenance-intensive than wet cells. They also require some degree of ventilation.
Low space requirements
Batteries require huge rooms for housing — and that means ample floor space. For example, the five-minute battery of a 400kW UPS requires about 200 sq ft. This translates into 200 sq ft of support space for every 2000 sq ft of raised floor. System redundancy can increase the floor space requirement to 400 sq ft per 2000 sq ft of raised floor. So, nearly 20% of the floor space produces no revenue because of the basic UPS equipment. You need space for ancillary equipment (e.g., air handlers) that accompanies the UPS, too. A comparable flywheel UPS uses about a fourth of the floor space a battery uses, and it doesn't require special air handling.
Reduced weight
A flywheel UPS weighs about a fourth as much as a comparable battery system. The floor loading of a battery requires structural strengthening that may be prohibitively expensive, especially in a high-rise.
Reduced lead times
The lead time for obtaining a battery now runs six to 12 months — depending on what cells you buy and what kind of battery you configure. Flywheel UPS lead time is a fraction of this, at present.
Toxic-waste reduction
The EPA requires you to document every step of battery disposal, from de-installation to receipt of the batteries at a certified recycling facility. The high maintenance requirements of batteries, especially VRLAs, expose maintenance people to dangerous voltages and toxic materials. To avoid exposure to lead dust, you must use special equipment and procedures to clean lead-plated connection bars and battery posts. Batteries also require acid spill containment and spill recovery procedures. Flywheel energy storage systems require very little maintenance and do not involve hazardous materials or toxic substances.
Flywheel in your future?
No single technology can solve all problems, and flywheel technology is no exception. Its weaknesses include a high initial cost and short ride-through. These weaknesses are no problem for some applications, but prohibit the flywheel UPS from replacing a battery-based UPS in others. In those cases, you can often build a strong economic and operational case for using a flywheel UPS to complement and enhance your battery backup. Only a thorough analysis of your system and your company's priorities will tell you which way to go.
Why Batteries Fail Battery cells fail for many reasons, including:
Incorrect battery design
Most designs result in cells stacked too high, too close together, or even facing the wrong direction.
Incorrect floating charge
Owners fail to consider key variables when deciding on the floating charge. For example, cells arranged in tiers will have a different charge requirement for each tier.
Incorrect cell maintenance metrics
Internal cell resistance has a proven high accuracy for determining weak cells, yet most owners rely on hygrometer readings instead. Hygrometer readings are largely irrelevant to determining battery condition. Most owners feel they are saving money by using a cheaper test than ensuring their batteries work. Premature failure is inevitable.
No attention to intercell connectors
There is no excuse for a battery ever to have heavily corroded intercell connectors. Yet, such corrosion seems to be the rule, not the exception.
Untrained maintenance personnel
A huge number of case histories document poor battery-maintenance practices that proper training would have prevented. Some of these practices center on workmanship, basic testing procedures, and even knowing what to look for.


Andé Restaurant 767 5th Avenue,
New York 10021, USA
+00 01 23 456 789
 / Uncategorized / What is European Food Like?
What does a European Breakfast Taste Like
What is European Food Like?
People want to know the ins and outs of something before they try it and so, it's no surprise people ask what is European food like. While we're all familiar with things like fish and chips or various kinds of pasta, there is a whole world of European foods. Remember that European food goes from Britain to Russia, that's a lot of dishes that could be on a menu.
If you're unsure as to what is European food is like, let's go over some of the differences and why there is not a totally clear cut answer. Remember though, reading about food is always different than experiencing it.
The Differences
Every region has its thing and European food is no different. The dishes tend to be heavier on meats, flour, and starches. Bread, beef, lamb, noodles, butter, potatoes, all things common in European foods that aren't as prevalent in others. Salad is also a major part of the cuisine, as is a particular order to the meal. While many cultures have an order to their meal, European cuisine was very much about appetizers being served one way and needing to have a particular sense of flavor to dessert being the same. It is now common practice for appetizers before meals, as you well know.
Things like rice and corn have become part of European foods but, they aren't traditionally nor are they staple. It comes from cultures moving around the globe and trading cooking tips. Overall though, that is the core of European food.
Every Place is their Own
What is European Food LikeJust because European cuisine tends to have ingredients in common doesn't mean it is all the same everywhere. Asian foods have similar spices and ingredients but, Korean and Chinese foods are wildly different. The same goes for European cuisine.
Italian food is different than Greek and French food is dissimilar from the British. Every country and culture has its own history, developing their own cuisine over the centuries. So, asking what European food is like can be rather difficult. You'd have to ask what each country's food is like, though there may be similarities as noted above.
The best way to find out what European food is like is to try authentic European food. You can travel the world from your plate, tasting the history of each culture and what they've brought to the table. Quite literally.
More than a Continent
Counties like Germany and Poland have their own dishes as does Spain and Italy. Europe is more than a continent, it's a land filled with dozens upon dozens of histories. Each has its own flavors and while some areas have more in common than others, each has its specialties as well. The French, for example, are known for their rich desserts. The Germans for their sausages, and the Italians for their pasta.
It's all European cuisine.
There are Central European cuisines, Eastern European cuisines, Northern European cuisines, and Southern European cuisines. That would give you a closer taste evaluation but, Serbian foods would still be different than Albanian. That's like saying food in New England is just the same as food in Kentucky. Different regions have their own spin, though they may come from similar roots.
If you're really curious as to what is European food like, treat yourself to a few dishes and see it does taste like. That is what we're most proud of at the Old European, offering people the chance to taste the other side of the world. Authentic and across Europe is what we offer.
So, come on in and find out for yourself what is European food like. We'll be happy to talk you through the menu, offer suggestions as to what you may like. Some things may be wildly different than what you're used to and that can be the best surprise. Tasting something entirely new.
Reading about food is one thing but, it's always different when it hits your tongue. Let's solve that curiosity for you. Come on in and taste Europe.
Post a Comment


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Women's repressions pursued both economic and political goals during World War II. On the one hand, the significant reduction in the male labor force, on the other hand, the widespread suspicion of its own citizens, and especially foreigners, led to the second major wave of repressions towards women.
The study carried out in the framework of this article allows highlighting some patterns of purges on the entire territory of the USSR and a few features of the repressions in the Armenian SSR. The dynamics of women's repressions have increased compared to previous years in all observed regions between 1941 and 1945. However, as opposed to other regions, the number of purged women in Soviet Armenia was greater than that of the 1930s.
Along with a relatively higher rate of women's repressions in Soviet Armenia during
the war, the rate of their release was much higher than the one in Tambov region. Also, unlike men, women were released more often. This circumstance could be conditioned both by physical features, such as old age, the existence of an infant and by some cultural features (the patriarchal approach of not considering a woman as a subject) and serving the state in good faith (in case of having a family member who received a medal in war).
Table of contents
Quantitative Analysis of women's repressions in WWII 7
Family members of the traitors to the motherland (CHSIRS) 13
Women, making Anti-Soviet or pro-fascist agitation and spreading false news 16
The members of illegal Youth Organizations 20
Women, hiding/not denouncing Deserters/ Bandits 21
Reasons for releases 23


Siebel Consumer Goods Guide > Deductions >
Analyzing Workloads
Customer financial service managers or administrators can analyze the deduction resolution workloads among employees.
This task is a step in Process of Managing Promotions Deductions.
To analyze deductions workloads
 1. Navigate to the Deductions screen.
 2. In the visibility filter, select the appropriate filter:
 - My Deductions. Displays all deductions for accounts to which the user is an assigned team member (primary or not).
 - My Team's Deductions. This view is visible only to users with direct reports, for example, a customer financial services manager. If the manager's direct reports (or their subordinates) have deductions assigned to them, these deductions are displayed here.
 - All Deductions. Displays all deductions within the user's organization.
 - All Deductions Across Organizations. Displays all deductions across all organizations within the Siebel database.
 3. In the Deductions list, query for the appropriate records and select all the deductions you want to analyze.
 4. In the Deductions link bar, click the Charts link.
 5. From the drop-down list, choose the type of chart you want to view.
 In the standard Siebel Consumer Goods application, the chart selections are Aging Analysis, Status and Priority Analysis, Account and Type Analysis, and Rep Workload Analysis.
Siebel Consumer Goods Guide


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Drag-and-drop interactions are a fantastic way to compel learners to lean forward and interact with the course content. They're one of the most versatile and engaging interactions because they can be used many different ways. Some common use cases include:
- Sorting activities where users drag and drop facts into different categories
- Practicing real-world skills by placing objects into certain positions
- Process activities that require learners to drag and drop steps into their correct order
- Navigation activities where users drag and drop objects to navigate from one slide to another
Challenge of the Week
This week, your challenge is to build and share a fresh drag-and-drop e-learning interaction. Drag and drops are always some of the most popular examples and downloads. Feel free to include your source file if you're able to share.
New Entries Only!
For this week's challenge, we're asking you only share new examples. You're welcome to rework an earlier example or come up with something entirely different.
Share Your E-Learning Work
- Comments: Use the comments section below to share a link to your published example and blog post.
- Forums: Start your own thread and share a link to your published example..
- Personal blog: If you have a blog, please consider writing about your challenges. We'll link back to your posts so the great work you're sharing gets even more exposure.
- Twitter: If you share your demos on Twitter, try using _TAG_ so your tweeps can track your e-learning coolness.
Last Week's Challenge:
Before you drop some sweet new interactions, check out the subtle animation effects your fellow course designers shared in last week's challenge
Wishing you a drag and droptastic week, E-Learning Heroes!
New to the E-Learning Challenges?
The weekly e-learning challenges are ongoing opportunities to learn, share, and build your e-learning portfolios. You can jump into any or all of the previous challenges anytime you want. I'll update the recap posts to include your demos.


Changing the weir boards for different flows requires someone with experience,
 Contracted weir
who will recognize when the depth over the weir is 0.2 feet or less and then use a contracted weir board. However, people are busy when irrigating, and even busier when flows drop. Weirs are often neglected during the time they need more frequent maintenance visits.
A good flume for passing debris and measuring low flows is the HS flume. These are accurate right down to zero flow. For the maximum flow, they require more
1.0-foot HS flume, for flows of 0.00 to 0.80 cfs
material than a rectangular Winflume, Montana, or Parshall flume. However, they are more accurate than other flumes at very low flows – testing by the University of Minnesota found an average accuracy to be +/- 3.2% for ideal approach conditions. They will pass debris down to zero flow – the flume shown here has an opening of 0.05 feet, or 5/8 inch at the flat bottom, and the opening increases with height.
 HS flume for flows up to 0.8 cfs
 HS flume at 0.025 cfs
Why aren't HS flumes common in California? I suspect that the early adoption of Parshall flumes here established the standard. I have seen a few hundred flumes, but I had never seen an operating HL (wide, high flow), H, or HS flume, prior to my installations.
Why go to the trouble of using an HS flume, if Parshall flumes are readily
 New Parshall Flume
available? A Parshall flume may be +/- 10% accurate down to perhaps 5% of its maximum flow. Below that, the accuracy decreases. An HS flume is +/- 10% accurate down to 1% to 2% of its maximum flow. If the flow regime is predominantly low with occasional high flows, it is important to measure those low flows with the best possible accuracy. Some places where low flow measurement is critical include field runoff where pollution is proportional to flow, small water rights, and dam leakage.
HS flumes are easier to construct than a Parshall, too. The HS flume bottom is flat, and it has 3 vertical planes. The photos of the Parshall flume here show
 Bottom of Parshall flume
that it has 3 horizontal planes, and 5 vertical planes. An HS flume takes less time to build, and can be put together fairly quickly in any farm or ranch shop. Parshalls are complex enough that they are purchased, including design and shipping costs.
Pump Efficiency Curve Instead Of Meter
Do you always have to have a purchased flow meter and data recorder for a pipeline? No you don't. If you pump your flow, you can probably use a certified pump efficiency curve and your online 15-minute or hourly power records.
Call a pump shop that will produce a certified pump efficiency curve for you. The curve itself will cost $300 to $700, and there may be up to $1,000 in setup work to install gage access ports or create acoustic meter mounting points. The resultant curve will have a certified accuracy, in the range of +/- 2-3%, plus an accuracy range for changing pumping levels or variable pump flow rates. The ratings will be +/- 10% or better, and so satisfy the Water Board regulations.
Graphics credit: West Virginia University
The person doing the work can provide you a spreadsheet so you can paste in your power records and get hourly flow rates. The certification will be good for at least a couple of years, and when it is redone for you, will cost in the $300 to $700 range.
These costs look pretty good compared to a meter that will cost $1,500 to $4,000, and has to be recalibrated and maintained every couple of years. Another big benefit is that the pump curve lets your pump shop know what to recommend for you to get the most efficiency, and spend less money for your power!
Will this method work for groundwater as well as surface water pumps? Yes it will. SGMA requirements include well metering for a whole bunch of pumps, so this can be of use to you no matter how you pump your water.
Who should you call? See _URL_
One real expert is Bill Power:
Power Services, Inc.
6301 Beardon Lane
Modesto, CA 95357
_PHONE_ (Voice)
_PHONE_ (Fax)
Contact – Bill Power
Specify Your Riparian Water Right In Your Deed
Riparian Rules By Chuck Rich.
What can destroy your riparian water right?
How can you protect your riparian water right?
No Record Of Water Right, Or Split? File Initial Statement
What do you do if your water right has never been recorded with the State Water Resources Control Board? Or, if your property was split from a larger farm or ranch, and you are handling your smaller water right on your own? After all, every water right has to be filed with the Water Board, except most of those that are uniquely listed in Superior Court Decrees. This is true regardless of whether the water right is riparian or appropriative (preor post-1914).
You'll need to file an Initial Statement. These are 4 pages unless cannabis is grown with the water right – that adds page 5. The forms are downloadable, fillable PDFs. If you have your information together and you are handy
 Water Board Initial Statement, Page 1 of 5
with Google Earth, you might have your form done in a few hours. As with any property description, the better it can be explained, the easier it is to defend your water right if someone has a complaint.
With the Water Board, it's better if you file before the Water Board comes looking for you. I have not seen folks get fines for filing even when water rights have been used for 50 years, or 100, or even since 1850 (or earlier). The Water Board folks are good to work with and they would much rather that people become compliant with the law, than write nasty letters and issue fines. That may not always be true as regulations get tougher, so get your filing done soon!
How is an Initial Statement different from filing a Water Right Application? An Initial Statement is filed if the water right is already in use. The Water Board is careful to point out that an Initial Statement is not the basis of, nor is it proof for a water right. It is just the way to report if diversion or storage has taken place for some time.
What if your storage or diversion began after 1914, since that is when the Water Board was created and when its authority began? Except for riparian rights, this is a gray area. I think the official answer from most folks at the Water Board is that appropriative water rights after 1914 are only established by a water right application, obtaining a Permit, and hopefully perfecting that Permit into a License.
In reality, there have been many Initial Statements filed for post-1914 water rights. It seems that these stand if there isn't already a complaint against the filer, and if the water right is not in an already over-appropriated stream where there are obviously more water rights than water. The presence of chinook salmon or steelhead trout might put a post-1914 Initial Statement in question, too.
The problem with filing a Water Right Application is that you have no idea what the outcome may be. It might be denied, or have restrictive conditions imposed, and you won't know until you have spent some thousands of dollars. Even if your water right is senior to some rights that were filed decades ago, the outcome is unknown. Also, the Water Board folks are extremely busy, and some applications are never completed.
So, many folks take the safe action to protect their water right and comply with the law: they file an Initial Statement. Better to do something not exactly right, or even wrong, than nothing at all.
No Trouble Catching Up SB 88 Late & Drought Over
I forgot to mention in my last post on SB 88 compliance, _URL_ that you're still okay if you comply with SB 88 now. The Water Board is not issuing Cease And Desist Orders (CDO) or fines for folks who catch up now, even though it's late. This is true whether you have yet to install a measurement device, a data logger/recorder, or catch up your Reports Of Licensee or Supplemental Statements. I have seen no adverse action for anyone I know, or clients of other consultants. There are a couple of exceptions here:
Hiding From The Water Board? Don't Worry, Get Compliant
Small Ditch In Meadow With No Measurement Device
Diversion Ditch Before Measurement Device Installed
Diversion Dam and Ditch Before Measurement Device Installed
Diversion Ditch Before Measurement Device Installed
Diversion Ditch Before Measurement Device Installed
New Watchman Flume In Medium Sized Ditch
New Parshall Flume
New 3-Foot


text:
If you're bit concerned about quality of freshly mixed concrete, you'd be dealing with terms like slump of concrete, consistency, fineness of cement, and compressive strength. Of all, slump of concrete is an important quality control parameter. The next time you step in as incharge of concrete pouring activity, you should know different types of concrete slump. You need to make sure the concrete slump falls in the range set for your project.
Topics we cover
What is concrete slump?
Concrete slump is a figure that defines the workability of the fresh concrete mix. The term workability relates well with the concept and requirement of the consistency of the fresh concrete mix. Civil engineers often use terms like workability and consistency to define the flow-ability of fresh concrete.
Flow-ability is an important consideration for concrete pouring activities. The slump of concrete you will design for the rigid pavement would be way less than that you will design for a heavy reinforced concrete column.
Do you know, the slump of concrete dictates the compaction requirement of the concrete?
Concrete slump is the value that defines the fluidity in the fresh concrete mix. It is measured by slump cone test at the time of batching and placing of concrete. All you have to do is to pour the concrete mix in a slump cone in layers properly compacted. Afterwards, you will find difference in height of unsupported concrete and that of the standard cone. The slump value is noted in inches/millimeters.
Do you know – the height of a standard slump cone is 30 cm with top diameter of 10 cm.
Concrete is widely used in many construction purposes so, the requirement of slump in the mix designs of the concrete is different for every specific purposes.
Why you need to test slump of concrete?
- To ensure adequate mixing of concrete ingredients while batching.
- To ensure the concrete is workable and flowable during concrete pouring in forms.
- To meet the requirements of the compaction of concrete around congested reinforcement and tight corners.
The fresh concrete mix is tested for the consistency or workability by following the standard tests method for slump of hydraulic cement concrete ASTM C 143.
Do you know – beside slump cone test there's another test for workability of concrete? – that's called the compaction factor test.
Types of concrete slump
As the freshly concrete mix is being poured, the flow-ability of concrete is verified by performing the slump cone test.
When the slump cone is filled in layer with the fresh concrete mix, the unsupported concrete makes different shapes according to the profile of the concrete.
The different types of profile for the concrete are named as:
- Collapse slump
- Shear slump
- True slump
- Zero slump
Collapse slump is the type of the slump that indicates the concrete mix is too wet. This shows the mix is so lean, water-cement ratio is so high and concrete have high workability. The perfect example of collapse slump is that of self-compacting concrete.
Do you knowSelf compacting concrete has a slump value of more than 650 mm.
Beside intentional use for specific application, the reason for collapse slump can be :
- Concrete mix is not properly mix.
- Water cement ratio is so high that the concrete is highly workable.
- This type of slump is not recommended in any type of the concrete mix design.
- It is inappropriate for normal applications.
Shear slump is the type of slump which indicates the deficiency of cohesion in the concrete mix and water cement ratio is slightly increased. If one-half of the concrete in slump cone slides down in an inclined plane the slump is called as shear slump.
The slump is also not preferred and concrete mix is remixed for the legitimate results. This type of slump indicates that the concrete mix is not properly mixed and there should be remixing of the concrete to obtain the adequate results.
If the shear slump is repeatedly obtained, then you need to manipulate the mix design to enhance cohesion between the ingredients. So, if you use the concrete with shear slump there'd be problems like bleeding. Moreover, there will be cracking failures in structures.
True slump is a type of slump in which the concrete mix retains its shape and just slightly slips down. This type of slump indicates the true cohesion of the concrete mix ingredients. True slump is obtained when concrete mix is prepared with full consistency.
This type of the slump is desired in all the type of concrete constructions.
When concrete blend is not workable and is also not consistent, you'll get zero-slump. This type of slump shows excessive cohesion between the ingredients. Such a concrete is not easy to pour or work with at site.
This type of slump is also not preferred in most concrete structure. However, with slight adjustments you can convert this slump into the other types. One of the useful characteristic of the true and zero slumps is that you can transform them into shear and collapse slumps.
Figure 1, for collapse, shear, true and zero slump is shown as
Typical values of the concrete slump and its uses.
|Degree of workability||Slump||Compacting
Type of mix
|Uses in construction|
Very dry mixes
|1. Pavement constructions.
2. Roads vibrated by power operated machines.
Low workability mixes
|1. foundations with light reinforcement.
2. Parapet, slab, beams, columns, piers, and walls
3. Roads vibrated by hand operated Machines.
4. Mass concrete
Medium workability mixes
|1. Manually compacted flat slabs using crushed aggregates.
2. Normal reinforced concrete manually compacted.
3. Heavily reinforced sections with vibrations.
4. Concrete for canal linings
5. Retaining walls
High workability mixes
|1. Sections with congested reinforcement
2. Not normally suitable for vibration
Effect of slump on the concrete
Slump, being property of fresh concrete-mix depends a lot on the water-cement ratio. The ratio of mass of water to the mass of cement is termed as water-cement ratio. Civil engineers write it as "W/C". The typical value is around 0.40 to 0.60.
Workability and slump of concrete is directly-proportional to the water-cement ratio. So, you can assume that for zero or true slump, you need a lower value of water-cement ratio. The lower value of w/c means more cement and less water. On the other hand, a higher value of w/c ratio will give you more workability.
The water/cement ratio vs slump graph is shown below
The water/cement ratio also greatly affect the strength of the concrete explained in following graph:
The above graph shows that the compressive strength of the concrete is decreasing as the water/cement ratio is increasing.
Slump also impacts the mechanical properties of the concrete. As lessor the w/c ratio means or lower the slump the higher will be the concrete mechanical properties. That is why the true slump, and lower or moderate water/cement ratio is recommended in the concrete for the construction purposes because, it provides the ultimate strength to the concrete.
Factors effecting the slump of conccemenrete
Following are the factors that impact the slump of the concrete:
- Water cement ratio: The more the water-cement ratio, the more the slump. The water decreases the friction between filler aggregates. As a result, the ingredients get a slipping effect that results in more slump value.
- Aggregate: The grading of the aggregate and the shape / angularity or the surface texture greatly impacts the flow-ability or slump of the concrete. The absorption capacity of the aggregate also impacts workability.
- Temperature: You know during pouring of concrete, a higher temperature is not preferable. A higher temperature not only evaporates the water in the concrete mix but also elevates the temperature during hydration reaction. So, at higher temperatures you'll get lower values of slump.
- Fineness of cement & aggregate: Finer the aggregates, the more surface area and water requirements and thus lower values of slump are achieved.


text:
Oct. 10, 2001
NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif.
Phone: 650/_PHONE_ or 650/_PHONE_
ANTARCTIC/ALASKA-LIKE WIND TURBINES COULD BE USED ON MARS
Wind turbines designed to make electricity at the South Pole and in remote regions of Alaska may someday lead to similar wind machines for Mars bases, according to NASA scientists.
During missions to Antarctica, where there are about six months of darkness each year, NASA scientists first seriously considered modifying cold-weather wind machines so they could make vital electric power for bases on Mars. One reason scientists proposed use of wind power on Mars is that wind turbines still could generate electricity during month-long martian global dust storms that can make days on the red planet as dark as night.
"Wind power and solar power may complement each other on Mars. When you have a large dust storm blocking the sunlight on Mars, a wind turbine can still generate electricity," said scientist David Bubenheim of NASAs Ames Research Center in Californias Silicon Valley.
"Only during dust storms on Mars is there enough wind energy to operate a wind turbine," said Michael Flynn, another NASA Ames scientist. On Earth about 10 meters (33 feet) per second wind speed is needed to make electricity with wind turbines; on Mars about 30 meters (98 feet) is needed because of the extremely thin air, according to Bubenheim.
"What we are proposing is a hybrid wind-solar system," Flynn said. "This system would use solar cells to generate electricity during sunny periods, and a wind turbine to make electricity during dust storms."
"Weve looked at wind profiles based on atmospheric computer models of Mars," Bubenheim said. A scheme of complementary wind and solar power appears to be an option, he added.
Hard data from Viking and Pathfinder missions to Mars do not indicate strong martian winds, according to Flynn. "But those missions did not collect data during dust storms on Mars. Global computer models and wind tunnel tests indicate very high winds are required to start and maintain a dust storm on the red planet," he said.
"Our goal is to demonstrate that the solar-wind hybrid system can compete with traditional energy production systems in rural environments above the Arctic Circle," Flynn said. "By demonstrating the feasibility of a system on Earth, we are beginning to address the feasibility for a system on Mars."
"We have been working with a private contractor, Northern Power Systems, of Waitsfield, Vt., to develop these types of hybrid wind-solar systems, one of which is called the village power system," he said. "This system is under development for use in rural Alaskan villages."
Wind turbines that are able to operate in extremely cold, windy areas are scheduled for testing in Kotzebue, Alaska, location of a wind power test farm. The wind turbine system to be used in the Alaskan village power system won R&D Magazines "R&D 100 Editors Award" in 2000.
"Originally, we were using the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, where there are about six months of darkness, as a Mars analog," Bubenheim said. "We were working with life support technologies, including growing fresh fruits and vegetables and recycling waste. Then we thought about using wind machines on Mars, too. People at both the South Pole Station and a space habitat have to be careful to efficiently use electricity," he explained.
Antarctica is sufficiently remote that getting diesel oil in is difficult, according to Bubenheim. The key issue at the South Pole, Mars and Alaska is maintainability in extreme environments. Wind machines must be able to operate in conditions of low temperature, frost and the presence of abrasive materials, such as sand, he said.
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NASA Image Policies


ListTagsForResource - Amazon WorkLink
Retrieves a list of tags for the specified resource.
Request Syntax
GET /tags/ResourceArn HTTP/1.1
URI Request Parameters
The request uses the following URI parameters.
The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the fleet.
Required: Yes
Request Body
The request does not have a request body.
Response Syntax
HTTP/1.1 200 Content-type: application/json { "Tags": { "string" : "string" } }
Response Elements
The following data is returned in JSON format by the service.
The tags attached to the resource. A tag is a key-value pair.
Type: String to string map
Map Entries: Maximum number of 50 items.
Value Length Constraints: Maximum length of 256.
The request is not valid.
HTTP Status Code: 400
See Also


John Boaz has recently graduated from Birmingham City University with a degree in Visual Communication (Photography). He is primarily a documentary and portrait photographer, looking at and visually meditating on the diversity of humanity taking a visually poetic and sensitive approach.
"I have always had a love for the complexity, diversity and beauty within humanity. I feel that my personal faith in God is what gives me purpose and drives my creativity, it gives me compassion and empathy towards others from different contexts. I try to capture the beauty within something, the deeper messages of life and its fragility."
John's latest series 'Our Father' is a reflective and contemplative documentary series that consists of a mixture of portraiture, still life and visual observation. The series is based on the monks and nuns of monastic communities within Britain that are still currently active today. It seeks to explore the themes of spirituality, faith, peace and human connection in a way that is visually both poetic and creative. It is a small insight into monastic life and the lives of the monks and nuns who have devoted their whole life to seeking God and expressing their faith in a simple but yet deep way through their expression of lifestyle. 'Our Father' also explores the beauty in the hope, love and mystery of faith in Jesus. As a whole this series aims to be rooted in a mixture of both visual observation and meditation, seeking to document these communities with sensitivity and respect. It is an ongoing series that has a vision of documenting the majority of monastic communities throughout Britain.
Online Fetures: (Links Available)
Magazine Fetures:
British Journal of Photography -Blaze 2019


text:
This article looks at the nature of a valve driving a resonant load, and a method for determining the resonant load impedance for a given load line and drive conditions using a Triode in Class B grounded grid. The techniques are extensible to other valve types, other active devices and other Classes, though some of the waveform factors change.
RF amplifiers with resonant load can be operated in a range of classes which identifies the anode conduction angle with sinusoidal grid-cathode drive voltage. Those of interest in this article are:
There are sub classes of AB, namely AB2 and AB1 to denote whether or not grid current flows during the input cycle.
The first three of these classes are suited to linear amplification of amplitude modulated RF waveforms such as SSB, AM etc. Most amplifiers for SSB telephony operate in Class AB, but with conduction angles that are very close to 180°, so much so that a first approximation as a Class B amplifier is a good starting point.
In the case of Class B amplifiers, the anode current with sinusoidal drive is not sinusoidal, it is a distorted sine wave.
Above in blue is a plot of the instantaneous anode current in an ideal Class B amplifer. The anode current 'pulses' rather than conducting for a whole cycle as in a Class A amplifier. The current pulses in this case flow for exactly 180° of the input cycle, and it can be seen that it resembles a rectified sine wave.
The anode current waveform contains a DC component (orange), an RF component at the frequency of the input signal (magenta), and harmonics of that frequency (not shown). The harmonics diminish in magnitude with increasing order.
The properties of this half sinusoid are used in the following analysis.
The simplest way that this anode current can be used for an RF transmitter is to use the anode current to develop power in the output circuit at the fundamental frequency and negligible output at the harmonics. What is needed is a load that offers a very low impedance at the harmonics so negigible power is developed, and a suitable resistance at the fundamental to develop the desired output power with the available voltage swing and fundamental component of current.
Valve datasheets usually contain a graph of anode characteristics. They come in two forms, both are usable for the purpose of designing the stage.
Above is the constant anode current characteristics of an Eimac 3-500Z triode which will be used as an example to demonstrate an effective design process. The design objective is for 1000W RF output power from the amplifier.
The datasheet states some maximum ratings that constrain the design, the key ones are here are that maximum DC voltage is 4000V, maximum DC anode current is 0.4A and maximum anode dissipation is 500W. Limits might be stated differently in different datasheets, Ia pk, Ik RMS are other examples.
So, for the sake of this example, lets take the DC power supply to be 3150V. Note that in grounded grid operation, the valve operates at a slighly higher DC component of anode to cathode voltage as the drive voltage adds to the DC supply voltage.
Another important constraint is the minimum anode voltage. If the instantaneous anode voltage is driven too low, excessive grid current may damage the grid, and in any event, linearity is degraded. To obtain 1000W from the amplifier, anode current will need to be driven up to the high end of the curves, and it can be seen from Fig 2 that the anode current lines rapidly change slope and grid current increases rapidly below 500V anode to cathode voltage. Lets use 400V as the minimum anode voltage.
The next step is to draw a line on the anode characteristics that plots the combinations of anode voltage and grid voltage that will occur over the input cycle. This is know as a Load Line, and finding the load line can be an iterative process where the results of the first drawn load line suggests some changes and so an improved load line is drawn.
Forming the initial load line for an ideal Class B amplifier is a series of simple steps.
Anode efficiency is the ratio of RF power at the anode to DC power. Note that the DC power includes here the effect of drive voltage in a grounded grid amplifier.
We need to calculate the available voltage swing and from that the anode efficiency.
The available voltage swing in a grounded grid amplifier is the sum of DC supply voltage and peak grid - cathode drive voltage (which gives the effective DC anode to cathode voltage) less the minimum anode voltage. For the example, it can be seen that peak grid - cathode voltage is about 130V, so using the other items mentioned earlier, anode - cathode RF voltage will be 3150+130-400=2880V pk.
For a perfectly linear Class B amplifier, anode efficiency equals π/4*Varfpk/Vakdc=3.14/4*2880/3280=68.9%.
To calculate the RF power at the anode for our target 1000W output, we need to make an assumption of the efficiency of the output network. For most practical HF pi couplers, efficiency should be 95% or better. Lets use 95%.
So, for 1000W output, the RF power at the anode must be the desired ouput power divided by the network efficiency, or 1000/0.95=1053W in this case.
We have estimated the anode efficiency, and we now know the RF power at the anode, so we can calculate the anode dissipation. It is Parf*(1/ηa-1) where ηa is the anode efficiency, so 1053(1/.689-1)=475W, just within the 500W maximum.
Knowing the RF power at the anode, and the voltage swing, we can calculate the peak anode current, it is 2*Parf/Varfpk=4*1053/(2880-130)=1.532A. The DC component of anode current is Ipk/π=1.532/3.14=0.488A. The RF component of anode current is Ipk/2=1.532/2=0.766A.
The required resonant load impedance can be calculated from the anode RF voltage and current, Ra=Varfpk/Iarfpk=(2880-130)/0.766=3590Ω.
The above information allows us to plot the intial load line on the anode characteristics. The left hand point will be at Vamin, Iapk or 400,1.5 in this case, and the right hand one at Vakdc,0, 3280,0.
Above, the initial load line plotted on the anode characteristics.
Above is a clip of a tool (Calculate initial load line of valve RF amplifier) to perform the calculations described in the foregoing text.
Note that in this case, Idc exceeds the datasheet maximum of 0.4A. If the output power requirement is respecified as 800W, Idc comes in just below 400mA for a conservative design, but the nearly 0.5mA for 1000W output is unlikely to degrade valve life in SSB telephony. The 800W output would be a better design target for high duty cycle modes.
Practical Class AB RF amplifiers depart from ideal Class B, partly due to the slightly increased conduction angle, but mostly because of the non-ideal transfer characteristics of real valves.
Eimac's RF Power Amplifier Tube Performance Computer based on the work of E L Chaffee provides a method for a more practical analysis that takes into the account the valve's transfer characteristics. The method of the Eimac's RF Power Amplifier Tube Performance Computer is a bit laborious by hand and relies on some pre-established Fourier analyses. Modern computer technology provides a better solution, the same underlying method applied in a spreadsheet that calculates not just the transfer characteristic, but the Fourier analsis in real time.
The Ia/Vg transfer characteristic along the load line determined above is entered into the Characteristic Sheet.
Above is a plot of the intered data points (blue) and a cubic spline interpolation which will be used to calculate the anode current waveform.
Above the calculated distorted anode current waveform (blue), and the DC (orange) and RF components (magenta) calculated by Fast Fourier Transform of the anode current waveform. Grid bias has been adjusted for about 0.07mA quiescent current, and drive level adjusted for 1000W output.
Above are the calculated results from RFPATPC. Note the similarity to the figures for the ideal Class B amplifier in Fig 4, the ideal Class B analysis gives a very good estimate of the load line and some key performance characteristics. The difference depends on how closely a valve approaches ideal linearity, and how much quiescent current is added to the mix.
VK1OD on the 'net. I appreciate feedback, click on the... in webm...@vk1od.net for my email address.
© Copyright: Owen Duffy 1995, 2012. All rights reserved. Disclaimer.


text:
The infamous fugu (blowfish) is a luxury food in Japan, one with a long history and an exciting reputation. Also known as fuku, this delicious fish has been part of the Japanese diet since ancient times, and is as popular today as it's ever been; in fact, the Japanese consume some 10,000 tons of fugu annually. There are different varieties of fugu, but most notable among those approved for human consumption by the Japanese government is the tora, or tiger, fugu.
Tora fugu is renowned for its delicate and distinctive flavor—and for the deadly toxin tetrodotoxincontained in its liver and ovaries. Before being sold or served, the law requires that the poison be removed entirely, a procedure undertaken by specially licensed chefs.
Fugu has long been on the Japanese menu: fugu bones have been unearthed from shell mounds dating back some 2,500 years. During the late sixteenth through the mid-nineteenth centuries, deaths by fugu poisoning were commonplace, and various laws were passed prohibiting its consumption, but it was eaten regardless.
It wasn't until the late nineteenth century that a safe and standardized preparation method was established. In1948, a certification system for fugu preparation was introduced in Osaka; this was later adopted by other prefectures in the country. Nowadays, if prepared by a specialized chef, there is no risk involved in eating fugu.
Fugu is normally served at specialty restaurants—some quite elite—which offer set menus priced from 5,000 yen to 30,000 yen (US$50.00-$300.00). Typical dishes include fugu-sashi, or tessa: thin, nearly transparent slices of raw fugu beautifully arranged on a plate. Fugu-sashi is dipped in ponzu-shoyu, soy sauce mixed with citrus juice, and garnished with momiji-oroshi (grated daikon mixed with red pepper) and green onion. Crunchy yubiki or teppi (boiled skin) is eaten the same way.
Fugu-chiri or tecchiri is a savory nabemono, one-pot dish (see Food Forum Vol.21, No.4) of fugu with tofu and vegetables that is simmered at the table and then eaten. This dish is accompanied by the same ponzu sauce, momiji-oroshi and green onion. Any remaining liquid is simmered with rice to make fugu zosui (rice porridge).
Other characteristic dishes include deep-fried fugu, whose crispy coating is savored together with the umami of succulent fugu meat. And to conclude this bill of fare, hire-zake—sake infused with the umami of roasted dried fugu fin—may be sipped in a final toast to this meal.


A water line with an internal radius of 5.40 10-3 m is connected to a shower head that has 22 holes. The speed of the water in the line is 1.2 m/s.
(a) What is the volume flow rate in the line?
(b) At what speed does the water leave one of the holes (effective radius = 4.6 10-4 m) in the head?


text:
Optional Arguments in VBScriptBy Francis Chau
A frequently asked question about VBScript is "How can I make an argument of a Function or Sub optional?" and matter of factly, it's been answered on ASPFAQs.com at _URL_ The answer to this question? VBScript does not support optional arguments, however, JScript does and the FAQ shows an example of this in JScript.
To circumvent this VBScript limitation, I will show you a technique that can be used to simulate optional arguments in VBScript that I call the Array-based approach. I'll also demonstrate the more widely accepted NULL-checking approach.
Using the Array-Based Approach
To see how to use the array-based approach for creating subroutines with optional arguments, let's start by an example subroutine:
Notice in the subroutine declaration, we've only defined one argument,
rArgs will be an array of values we would like to pass into our
The next few lines declare our local variables and initializes them to default values (empty
strings, in this case).
Next, we use the
UBound() function to determine the number of arguments passed.
Then assign the array elements to the local variables:
Since the array is zero-based, our first
Case branch assigns the first element to
v1 variable. As we need to add more arguments to our function, we can easily
We conclude our subroutine by printing out the values of our local variables.
To call this subroutine we need to create an array of the size based on the number of arguments we wish to pass into the function, and then populate this array with the values we wish to pass to the function. Finally, we pass along the created array as the single argument to the function:
Notice that you can also use the
Array constructor syntax like so:
Now that we have a way to pass only the arguments we choose using the array-based method, let's take a look at another approach at optional arguments: the NULL-checking approach, which we'll examine in Part 2.


Delving deep into Data 'Black Hole' requires a Powerful Spotlight
As Central Banks develop their thinking and understanding around the creation of Data Strategies in which large amounts of banknote data are translated into meaningful information, experienced software development firm 7 Layer says important insights are available with the right approach.
The banknote equipment environment can appear daunting. Mixed fleets of machines collecting data at an enormous rate, each storing the data in different locations, formats and versions and over many years, can start to look overwhelming.
"This infamous data "black hole", just like light into an actual black hole, takes data in but emits nothing. To extract that data and uncover insights from it is a matter of applying the right technology, and with NoteChain® we now have the software to start exploring massive amounts of data quickly and efficiently," says Phil Ball, Technical Director at 7 Layer and an expert in data analytics when applied to the cash logistics industry.
"Defining what the Bank needs from the data and, therefore, defining the questions to be answered, is the key to translating data into meaningful information," says Mr. Ball. "Once it is clear what information the Bank is specifically seeking, we are in a position to use the advanced tools that are now available to us to process this data at an enormous scale."
Identifying the questions that need to be answered ultimately leads to evidence-based decision making. It is the basis of a Data Strategy, which becomes the blueprint for the approach a Bank takes to drive improvements in all aspects of its currency management program.
"To create the information needed to give Central Banks full command over their currency management system, reading banknote serial numbers is key. Once we can track an individual banknote, we can connect it to all its sensor data. We can then make sense of literally billions of data points across a currency system," says Mr. Ball.
"Besides answering the right questions, powerful data analytic software can also uncover hidden patterns, unknown correlations, trends, previously unobserved customer behaviours and other useful information."
NoteChain® is designed to do exactly this. Sensor data (with serial numbers) is collected from a wide and varied range of machines in different formats, it is cleansed and de-duplicated, then run through a series of customised algorithms that translate this raw data into the requested information in the form of a customer-defined dashboard.
The visualisations are carefully designed to be straightforward and easy to understand. They are developed to answer specific questions relevant to currency management including optimising demand and supply, the specification of the banknote and the performance of the banknote in circulation.
Says Mr. Ball, "Another issue is to unearth so-called good data which is considered to be not only consistent, but sufficient to answer the right questions and efficient to gather."
In applying NoteChain® to a currency system, besides ensuring that the Bank owns the data itself, the practicalities of setting up the right approach to access and bring together good data depend on a number of factors, including:
 - how many physical sites are part of the network
 - the mix of banknote equipment being used
 - third parties who are handling the banknotes at different points in the system, and
 - understanding any Notes Held to Order used
NoteChain® is the world's only data analytic platform designed specifically for end-to-end currency management. It provides accurate, bespoke banknote currency performance insights that can only be accessed via the computational power of this data analytic solution.
Categorised in:
This post was written by Tracy Kennish-Ward
For more information contact:
Phillip Ball
Development Director
D: +44 (0) 1242 225 520
M: +44 (0) 7821 892 372
John Winchcombe
Currency Performance Consultant
D: +44 (0) 1242 225 520
M: +44 (0) 7701 357 027


text:
The Legend Behind the Origin of Thrikkakara Temple
The Sthala purana gives a brief description of how the Thrikkakara temple came to be. The legend says that once Kapila Maharishi was searching for a suitable place for doing his tapas. He reached Thrikkakarai and was taken in by the scenic splendor of the place. Yet he noticed that there was no water resource anywhere near the place. Therefore, he dug a tank and grew lotuses and sengaalineer flower in the tank. These are the two types of flowers used for worshipping Lord Vishnu. The Rishi settled down in the place and used these flowers for worshipping the lord. In due course, pleased with his prayers the lord appeared before him. Kapila Maharishi then requested Vishnu to stay in the place so that other devotees may also have similar darshan.


The Art of Adornment: Avenue to Personal and Social Identity
E&I Program:
Distance Learning
Grade level :
6 to 8
In these teacher materials, students will learn and understand that definitions of beauty vary for different cultures and in different times and that works of art reflect cultural values. Also, student will learn how modern adornment methods relate to those used throughout history, including body shaping, tattooing, piercing, scarification, cosmetic use, and artful arranging of hair.


A dog-leg is a sharp change in the orientation of a well bore due to shifting azimuth and/or inclination. Such shifts in a well orientation can make it difficult to run pipe and logging tools through an affected interval. Borehole images drawn from dog-leg sections are often degraded due to hole enlargement, tool marking of the wall and the effects of any stick and pull that may arise from the problem of threading a tool string around what is essentially a corner. Inspection of a well orientation survey will usually detail dog-leg severity, allowing its tie-in to image log quality.
←Return to glossary


text:
Ethics and museum professionals' exemplary practices are essential for ICOM.
ICOM Code of Ethics for museums was adopted in 1986 and revised in 2004. It establishes the values and principles shared by ICOM and the international museum community. It is a reference tool translated to 36 languages and it sets minimum standards of professional practice and performance for museums and their staff.
By joining ICOM, each member commits to respect this code.
Checklist on ethics of cultural property ownership
Considering the complexity of the ethical questions affecting the work of museums today, the Checklist is a tool for two purposes: it sets out the 8 organising principles that shape the detailed articles of the ICOM Code, as well as providing orientation and support in dealing with these complex topics; and it offers a list of contacts for further advice on particular questions.


text:
Remember the "ecology symbol" popularized in the seventies? Like a new sign of the Zodiac, it seemed to herald a dawning awareness of Earth and environment.
What better time to revive it?
In 1969 the cartoonist Ron Cobb designed the ecology symbol and published it in the Los Angeles Free Press. A circle with a horizontal bar through its midsection, the symbol was often seen alongside the ubiquitous peace sign.
Somehow, the ecology symbol wasn't as enduring. The green theta adorned flags, buttons, t-shirts and walls for several years before it disappeared.
They were important years:
- The EPA was founded in 1970. In a 1971 public service announcement, more successful than Smokey Bear's, a Native American canoed down a polluted stream; a single tear rolled down his face.
- America was conducting nuclear tests in the Aleutian Islands.
- A group of anti-whaling environmentalists claimed the name "Greenpeace" in 1972.
The symbol played an important role as a visual emblem, a simple sign of solidarity. It accompanied what was, for many, new vocabulary: "Ecology." Billboards appeared around Vancouver saying, "Ecology? Look it up! You're involved."
The beginning of the ecology movement was an irreversible cultural shift. It brought us more vocabulary — recycling, acid rain, climate change — and the collective will to do something about it.
Let's bring theta back into our visual vocabulary.
Photo: Ecology Symbol mini buton, courtesy of EcoConscious, used by permission.


text:
1. For the transport of the aluminum plate, it must be strictly forbidden to push, pull, draw and so on, which can easily cause the damage or scratch of the layout. Try to lift the four sides of the aluminum alloy plate at the same time, so that the plate can not be easily damaged.
Two. During the placement of the aluminum plate, we must pay attention to not being put together with any chemical or damp material, which can cause corrosion easily.
Three, during the transportation process, the aluminum alloy plate should be covered with standard cloth, so that it can avoid the invasion of rain or snow and frost, and cause the surface damage of products to varying degrees.
Four, for the long-term placement of aluminum alloy plate manufacturers, we must keep dry, ventilated, bright and non corrosive environmental conditions, so as to maintain the performance and quality of aluminum plates.
Five. For the placement of aluminum alloy plate, it is necessary to clean and clean regularly, so that the excess dust and sundries can not be attached to the surface of the aluminum plate for a long time.
四川11选5 Six, the aluminum plate manufacturer put up a suggestion here that it is best to point out some isolating material when placing it and isolate the aluminum plate from the ground. It is usually kept at a distance of about ten centimeters, so that the aluminum plate will not be affected by the humidity of the ground, thus maintaining the quality and performance.


text:
Okay so.....
A mouse is running a donut-shaped track with equation:
(X-4)^2 + (Y-3)^2 = 4
At the same time a cat is running a coplanar intersecting opaque track with equation:
[(X-4)^2] ÷ 9 + [(Y-3)^2] ÷ 1 = 1
What are the four possible coordinates of the intersections (simultaneous solutions) where the mouse might catch the cat?
Thanks so much if you can help me out


text:
In 1882-4, Frances Groome's Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland described Airds Moss like this:
Airdsmoss or Airsmoss, a morass in the E of Ayrshire, between the Water of Ayr and Lugar Water. It begins about 1½ mile ENE of Auchinleck village, extends about 6 miles north-eastward, has a mean breadth of about 1½ mile, and is approached over most of its SE side, and crossed over a small part of its further end, by the railway from Auchinleck to Muirkirk. It was the scene, on 20 July 1680, of a sharp skirmish between 63 of the Covenanters and a party of dragoons, fatal to Richard Cameron: and it contains, at a spot where the deadliest of the strife occurred, a monument popularly called Cameron's Stone....
The present monument is neat and modern: but the original one was a large flat stone, laid down about 50 years after the event, and marked with the names of the Covenanters who fell in the skirmish, and with the figures of an open Bible and a hand grasping a sword. The skirmish of Airdsmoss is the subject of the well-known effusion, beginningIn a dream of the night I was wafted away,
To the moorland of mist where the martyrs lay;
where Cameron's sword and his Bible are seen,
Engraved on the stone where the heather grows green.'
A Vision of Britain through Time includes a large library of local statistics for administrative units. For the best overall sense of how the area containing Airds Moss has changed, please see our redistricted information for the modern district of East Ayrshire. More detailed statistical data are available under Units and statistics, which includes both administrative units covering Airds Moss and units named after it.
GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth, History of Airds Moss in East Ayrshire | Map and description, A Vision of Britain through Time.
Date accessed: 23rd May 2013
Click here for more detailed advice on finding places within A Vision of Britain through Time, and maybe some references to other places called "Airds Moss".


text:
The history behind ancient musical instrument organ reaches back to approximately 270 B.C. when a Greek engineer named Ctesibius of Alexandria invented water organ. In the Middle Ages, swell-organs were built in all the largest European cathedrals. Nowadays, organ with its ranks of pipes of different tonalities possesses a unique ability to produce sounds, similar to trumpet, oboe, trombone, violoncello and even a human voice and the instrument itself has acquired the status of European cultural heritage. The mission of the Netherlands-based organization Stiching Voor de Wind is to make it familiar to wider audience. Initiated and organized by Stiching Voor de Wind, the festival Connecting Arts has set off in autumn 2011 and is based upon the success formula of the previously held Wind Art Festival (2002-2010). It links the sound of organ to fine samples of other art disciplines, like choreography and acrobatic circus acts, spanning musical masterpieces from Brahms' Requiem to famous compositions of Bach and Verdi. Moreover, the interdisciplinary festival encourages usage of this ancient instrument in most various spheres of art. Churches in Denmark, Sweden, France and Netherlands acquire entirely different and surprising artistic settings during this festival, becoming a platform for audiovisual installations, dance improvisations, musical theatre productions, poetry readings and amazing interplays of jazz and organ music.
For more detailed information and the Festival event calendar, please visit the website: _URL_
Keywords: Copenhagen, festival, festivals


text: Pottery & Porcelain Marks – Square, Rectangle, & Other Geometric Shapes: Marks of squares, rectangles, and other geometric shapes have been in use since the 19th century and are still in use today. Many of these marks have a modern look with the basic design of a single line forming the shape. Names of the pottery that makes the pieces often appear inside the shape. There is also a combination of two or more shapes as marks. For English Registry Mark, see "Marks – Identification Help" and click on the "English Registry Marks" section.


Relational-cultural Therapy
Not enough research.
What is Relational-cultural Therapy?
1. We all have a natural drive toward relationships, and in these relationships we long seth-reese-427931-unsplashfor acceptance.
2. However, we come to believe that there are things about us that are unacceptable or unlovable.
3. Thus, we choose to hide these things; we keep them out of our relationships.
4. In the end, the connections we make with others are not as fulfilling and validating as they otherwise might have been.
Healthy relationship attributes to strive for:
1) a desire to move into more relationships, because of how a good relational experience feels
2) a sense of zest, or energy
3) increased knowledge of oneself and the other person in the relationship
4) a desire to take action both in the growth-fostering relationship and outside of it
5) an overall increased sense of worth.
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Composite Morphology of the Bone and Associated Support-Tissue Interfaces to Osseointegrated Dental Implants: TEM and HVEM Analyses
Correlated transmission electron and high-voltage electron microscopic analyses examined the undecalcified bone and associated support tissues of 60 endosseous titanium blade and titanium and ceramic root-form implants in dogs. The implants supported fixed partial dentures for up to 2 years. Data obtained from this investigration suggest that a range of tissues, both mineralized and unmineralized, support osseointegrated dental implants. This study examined the tissues apposing not just isolated aspects of the implant surface, but the entire length of the implant, and found that mineralized and unmineralized tissues existed concurrently. Much fo the implant surface was apposed by mandibular bone, and both root-form and blade implants osseointegrated. The densely mineralized collagen fibril matrix was often separated from the implant by only a 20-nm to 50-nm electron-dense, ruthenium-positive deposit. H igh-voltage electron microscope stereology demonstrated that cellular porcesses extended directly to the implant from underlying osteocytes. In the same implants, areas containing an unmineralized collagen matrix interposed between the bone and implant surface were observed. In this region osteoblasts interacted with this matrix, and Howship's lacunae, containing vascular elements and osteoclasts, were also observed. The remodeling activities appear to be a homeostasis of catabolic activyt (osteoclasts) and metabolic activity (osteoblasts). The apex of the implant was often apposed by a fibrofatty stroma. The support tissue response appears to be the result of the interrelations of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts in association with vascular elements. Therefore, the support tissue response to osseointegrated implants is a dynamic activity that involves the ehalthy interaction of these cells and tissues along the entire length of the implant.


text:
Scientists Create Levitating Fruit Flies Suspended In Strong Magnetic Fields
Scientists have deployed Harry Potter-style powers to levitate fruit flies and watch them walk on air.
Researchers performed the seemingly magical feat by suspending fruit flies in a strong magnetic field.
The technique, known as "diamagnetic levitation", allows water and organic based materials to become weightless.
Floating freely inside a plastic tube, the flies were observed closely to spot any changes in their behaviour.
The scientists confirmed effects previously seen in similar experiments in Earth orbit. The flies walked more quickly and more frequently while floating in zero gravity than they did on the ground.
Previously it was not clear whether the changing G-forces associated with space flight may have affected the flies.
The research is published today in the Journal of the Royal Society Interface.
Author Dr Richard Hill, from the University of Nottingham, and colleagues wrote: "This study shows that the walking speed of fruit flies and their 'activity' is altered significantly by counteracting gravitational force.
"Diamagnetic levitation enabled us to maintain tight control over the experimental conditions of all the experimental subjects. This allowed us to identify, unambiguously, the alteration of effective gravity as the cause of the anomalous behaviour.
"Four billion years of evolution have equipped life on Earth to withstand the stresses generated by the ever-present pull of gravity. Here, we have shown that diamagnetic levitation can be used to investigate directly the influence of changing gravity on the locomotion of a complex multi-cellular organism, and that close comparison can be made with experiments performed in space."
Magnetic fields have been used in previous studies to levitate organic materials, as well as small living organisms and even a live frog.
"Diamagnetic material is weakly repelled from magnetic fields, compared with the more commonly known'magnetic'...materials such as iron, which are strongly attracted to a magnetic field," the scientists wrote. "The diamagnetic force, balancing the weight of the levitating object, acts at the molecular level throughout the body of the object, just as the centrifugal force balances the gravitational force on an object in Earth orbit."


The Mid Atlantic Ridge and the Mantle Convection Rolls Below
If the Reykjanes Ridge is supposed to have convection rolls at each side, then they can be extrapolated farther. The mantle is half molten and does not behave like the rigid surface. Therefore, the convection rolls must be continuous. Then, the same shape must prevail all the way.
Mid Atlantic Ridge Convection Rolls Division Line
The Mid Atlantic Ridge itself makes some side-jumps, and is swaying a bit irregularly. Still, the calculated convection rolls division line does cross the ridge itself at 32°N and at equator. This is something to think about, because the system is found to converge around 32°N, whereas the convection rolls there are oriented exactly north-south. At 0°, the fact that horizontal flow Coriolis effect shifts from right hand turn to left hand turn, explains the consistency of distance between main topographic features. In this case, the distance from center of Atlantic is exactly 30° to both S-America and Africa. That means of course, that the width from coast to coast of the Atlantic Ocean along equator is exactly 60°. Not strange, because each convection roll of lower mantle spans 30° from east to west.
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Dictionary Results for separate|
1. separate - noun
· a separately printed article that originally appeared in a larger publication
Synonym(s): offprint, reprint
2. separate - noun
· a garment that can be purchased separately and worn in combinations with other garments
3. separate - verb
· act as a barrier between; stand between; "The mountain range divides the two countries"
4. separate - verb
· force, take, or pull apart; "He separated the fighting children"; "Moses parted the Red Sea"
Synonym(s): disunite, divide, part
Hypernym(s): move, displace
5. separate - verb
· mark as different; "We distinguish several kinds of maple"
Synonym(s): distinguish, differentiate, secern, secernate, severalize, severalise, tell, tell_apart
Hypernym(s): identify, place
6. separate - verb
· separate into parts or portions; "divide the cake into three equal parts"; "The British carved up the Ottoman Empire after World War I"
Synonym(s): divide, split, split_up, dissever, carve_up
7. separate - verb
· divide into components or constituents; "Separate the wheat from the chaff"
8. separate - verb
· arrange or order by classes or categories; "How would you classify these pottery shards--are they prehistoric?"
Synonym(s): classify, class, sort, assort, sort_out
Hypernym(s): categorize, categorise
9. separate - verb
· make a division or separation
10. separate - verb
· discontinue an association or relation; go different ways; "The business partners broke over a tax question"; "The couple separated after 25 years of marriage"; "My friend and I split up"
Synonym(s): part, split_up, split, break, break_up
11. separate - verb
· go one's own way; move apart; "The friends separated after the party"
Synonym(s): part, split
12. separate - verb
· become separated into pieces or fragments; "The figurine broke"; "The freshly baked loaf fell apart"
Synonym(s): break, split_up, fall_apart, come_apart
13. separate - verb
· treat differently on the basis of sex or race
Synonym(s): discriminate, single_out
Hypernym(s): distinguish, separate, differentiate, secern, secernate, severalize, severalise, tell, tell_apart
14. separate - verb
· come apart; "The two pieces that we had glued separated"
Synonym(s): divide, part
15. separate - verb
· divide into two or more branches so as to form a fork; "The road forks"
Synonym(s): branch, ramify, fork, furcate
16. separate - adjective
· independent; not united or joint; "a problem consisting of two separate issues"; "they went their separate ways"; "formed a separate church"
17. separate - adjective
· standing apart; not attached to or supported by anything; "a freestanding bell tower"; "a house with a separate garage"
18. separate - adjective
· separated according to race, sex, class, or religion; "separate but equal"; "girls and boys in separate classes"
19. separate - adjective
· have the connection undone; having become separate
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text:
As used in this subpart—
Act means the Social Security Act, as amended.
Active duty means periods of time an individual is on full-time duty in the active military or naval service after 1956 and includes active duty for training after 1956.
Active service means periods of time prior to 1957 an individual was on full-time duty in the active military or naval service. It does not include totaling periods of active duty for training purposes before 1957 which are less than 90 days.
Allied country means a country at war on September 16, 1940, with a country with which the United States was at war during the World War II period. Each of the following countries is considered an allied country: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, India, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Union of South Africa, and the United Kingdom.
Domiciled in the United States means an individual has a true, fixed, and permanent home in the United States to which the individual intends to return whenever he or she is absent.
Federal benefit means a benefit which is payable by another Federal agency (other than the Veterans Administration) or an instrumentality owned entirely by the United States under any law of the United States or under a program or pension system set up by the agency or instrumentality.
Post-World War II period means the time period July 25, 1947, through December 31, 1956.
Reserve component means Army Reserve, Naval Reserve, Marine Corps Reserve, Air Force Reserve, Coast Guard Reserve, National Guard of the United States or Air National Guard of the United States.
Resided in the United States means an individual had a place where he or she lived, whether permanently or temporarily, in the United States and was bodily present in that place.
Survivor means you are a parent, widow, divorced wife, widower, or child of a deceased veteran or member of a uniformed service.
United States means the 50 States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa.
Veteran means an individual who served in the active military or naval service of the United States and was discharged or released from that service under conditions other than dishonorable. For a more detailed definition of the World War II veteran and a post-World War II veteran, see §§ _PHONE_ and _PHONE_.
Wage credit means a dollar amount we add to the earnings record of a veteran of the World War II or the post-World War II period. It is also a dollar amount we add to the earnings record of a member of a uniformed service who was on active duty from 1957 through 2001. The amount is set out in the Act and is added for each month, calendar quarter, or calendar year of service as required by law.
We, us, or our means the Social Security Administration.
World War II period means the time period September 16, 1940, through July 24, 1947.
You or your means a veteran, a veteran's survivor or a member of a uniformed service applying for or entitled to a social security benefit or a lump-sum death payment.
[45 FR 16464, Mar. 14, 1980, as amended at 70 FR 11865, Mar. 10, 2005]


text:
The Role of Cold and Carbonic Maceration in Wine Production
Cold maceration is skin contact before the beginning of the fermentation process. Some winemakers allow the skins to remain in contact with the must after fermentation is finished. This is known as extended maceration.
Carbonic maceration allows grapes to ferment without intentionally breaking the skins. Must is the mixture of solids and grape juice before fermentation begins. Up to a quarter of the must is skins and other debris, known as pumice. The amount of contact with these solids is one of the major ways a winemaker can craft the wine.
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IlgaAnn's Red Road Insight –
The Red Road is the Sacred Hoop. Walking it is walking in harmony and balance.
It is a circle of people standing hand in hand with All That Is in creation.
This poem by an unknown author explains it well.
To walk the Red Road is to know you stand on equal ground with
all living things. It is to know that because you were born human,
it gives you superiority over nothing. It is to know that every creation
carries a Spirit, and the river knows more than you do,
the mountains know more than you do,
the stone people know more than you do,
the trees know more than you do, the wind is wiser than you are,
and animal people carry wisdom. You can learn from every one of them,
because they have something you don't. They are void of evil thoughts.
They wish vengeance on no one, they seek Justice.
To walk the Red Road is to know your Ancestors,
to call to them for assistance. It is to know that there is good
medicine and there is bad medicine. It is to know that Evil exists,
but is cowardly, as it is often in disguise.
To Walk the Red Road, you have less fear of being wrong,
because you know that life is a journey, a continuous circle,
a sacred hoop. Mistakes will be made, and mistakes can be corrected.
If you walk the Red Road,
you know that every sorrow leads to a better understanding,
every horror cannot be explained, but can offer growth.
To Walk the Red Road is to look for beauty in all things.
To know you will one day cross to the Spirit World and you will not be afraid.


text:
Mechanics of Advancement: In Venturing
Venturing is for young men and women who are 14 through 20 years old, or who are 13 and have completed the eighth grade. Its purpose is to build character, promote citizenship, and develop personal and mental fitness. Each Venturing crew is responsible for achieving these aims by designing a program that appeals to its members. Thus, Venturing is a catalyst: It brings together adults and young people, and incredible things happen. It is all about asking themselves and one another what is possible, and then setting out to plan and execute toward fulfillment.
Sea Scouts is a specialized branch of Venturing with its own handbook, program, and system of advancement and recognition. Its members may work on and earn any of the Venturing awards and recognitions (see "Mechanics of Advancement: In Sea Scouts," 184.108.40.206).
220.127.116.11 The Goals of Venturing
There are four goals for Venturers:
- Gain practical experience from knowledgeable people.
- Engage in activities centered on leadership, service, social activities, fitness, the outdoors, and citizenship. The idea is to develop balance, to take responsibility, and to become mentally, emotionally, and physically fit.
- Experience and provide positive leadership, to set and follow examples, and to learn by doing.
- Have a chance to learn and grow in a supportive, caring, and fun environment.
18.104.22.168 Advancement in Venturing
The purpose of the Venturing awards program is to facilitate these four goals; provide a pathway for personal development; encourage learning, growth, and service; and recognize high levels of achievement. Advancement is accomplished when an active program emphasizes it and pays attention to the four steps of the process: preparation, learning, qualification, and recognition. Bronze, Gold, and Silver are the awards for the advancement track, but others also are described below. Venturers have until their 21st birthday to complete their awards.
For detailed requirements and more information on Venturing advancement or recognition, see the Venturer/Ranger Handbook, No. 33494; Sea Scout Manual, No. 33239; Quest Handbook, No. 33151; TRUST Handbook, No. 33154; and Venturing Leader Manual, No. 34655. Except in Sea Scouts, Venturers work on awards, not ranks, and they can choose to work along with others in a crew or go it alone. They may also work simultaneously on the Bronze, Gold, and Silver awards; there are time-oriented requirements, but not between the earning of one award to the next.
The Gold and Silver awards require a crew review.There is no council or district involvement, except perhaps guidance on best practices. All work for the awards must be completed by the member's 21st birthday, but the review may be held after that.
22.214.171.124 The Venturing Awards
126.96.36.199.1 Bronze Award. Venturers may choose to earn just one Bronze Award-perhaps the one best matching the crew's interest area-or more, or all five of them. They represent an introduction to skills and life experiences, and include Arts and Hobbies, Sports, Sea Scouts, Outdoor, and Religious Life. These entry level awards encourage achievement of the Gold and Silver awards. Crew Advisors or specialty "consultants" approved by the crew Advisor, who are much like merit badge counselors, pass members on requirements. No committee review or board of review is involved.
Venturing is dynamic, with built-in flexibility at many levels. In some cases this carries over to Bronze Award requirements, where limited substitutions are allowed based on what is available in your area. For specifics, please refer to the Venturer/Ranger Handbook, No.33494, and the Venturing Leader Manual, No. 34655.
188.8.131.52.2 Gold Award. One Bronze award is required for the Gold Award, and candidates must be active (regardless of award level) and registered for at least 12 months. They must serve in a leadership role (within or outside the crew); participate in a district, council, or national Venturing activity; accomplish personal goals; and plan and lead activities. Letters of recommendation are required, along with a written presentation for a crew review committee. This consists of four to six Venturers and adults appointed by the crew president in conjunction with the crew Advisor. Venturers may choose to deliver the presentation orally at the review meeting, but this is not required. The review committee provides final approval. There is no district or council review board, but the advancement must be reported to the council.
184.108.40.206.3 Silver Award. Silver is the highest award for Venturers. It says they are leaders who serve, who are fit and prepared, and who have honor. Candidates must earn the Bronze and Gold awards, be proficient in emergency preparedness, participate in Ethics in Action, and complete Introduction to Leadership Skills for Crews. For the Silver Award, Venturers first establish a plan of action and then carry it out. When requirements are fulfilled, they go through a formal review with four to six Venturers and adults appointed by the crew president in conjunction with the crew Advisor. There is no district or council involvement in the review process.
220.127.116.11.4 Ranger Award. High adventure and the outdoors have always been emphasized in the Boy Scouts of America, and Venturing is no different. The Ranger Award encourages a high level of achievement and proficiency in outdoor skills. It exemplifies challenge. Eight core requirements and at least four of 18 electives must be completed. If the Outdoor Bronze Award has been earned, the Venturer is already halfway there. Candidates may work on their own or with other crew members. Advisors and consultants must sign for requirements. No crew review or board of review is involved.
18.104.22.168.5 Quest Award. The Quest Award is about fitness and sports. Candidates learn about nutrition, exercise plans, and what is required for a healthy life. They may be introduced to an enjoyable sport helpful toward that end. As with other Venturing awards, members share with others what they have learned. This can be done through presentations or even sports clinics. Five core requirements and at least one of five electives must be completed. The Sports Bronze Award comes first. There is no review board.
22.214.171.124.6 TRUST Award. The TRUST (Tending, Respecting, Understanding,Serving, Transforming) Award helps Venturers learn about themselves, their communities, and religion and culture. It recognizes that trust is an essential part of relationships; that learning to trust is the challenge; and that learning to understand one another—especially those from different backgrounds and nationalities—represents a good start. The five core requirements are Tending Your Faith, Respecting the Beliefs of Others, Understanding Other Cultures, Serving Your Community, and Transforming Our Society. Candidates must work with a religious leader or with consultants in a related field of expertise. No board of review is involved.
126.96.36.199 Past Credit for Venturers
The requirements for all Venturing awards require the work to be done as Venturers. For example, even though a young man earned the Backpacking merit badge as a Boy Scout, before he became a Venturer, he must pass the Ranger backpacking elective once registered as a Venturer. Some requirements may call for certification such as Scuba Open-Water Diver, American Red Cross Standard First Aid, or BSA Lifeguard. Current certifications such as these maybe used regardless where they were earned.
188.8.131.52 Multiple Credit for Venturers
Venturers may receive multiple credit for requirements. In the above example, if the Backpacking merit badge was earned while the member was also a Venturer, the effort could also count toward the Ranger elective. Further, experiences such as the Red Cross Emergency Response course could be used for the Ranger first aid requirement and the first aid and lifesaver electives, and also for the Silver Award's emergency preparedness requirement. Venturers may not receive multiple credit for something like a tabletop display or a presentation. These must be done separately and relate directly to each situation requiring them.
184.108.40.206 Boy Scout Advancement in Venturing and Sea Scouts
Venturers and Sea Scouts who earned First Class rank as registered Boy Scouts or Varsity Scouts are qualified until their 18th birthday to continue with Boy Scout advancement. If desired, they can maintain multiple (dual) registration in a troop or team, and also in a crew or ship, and work on ranks in either unit. Wherever the member is registered, the Scoutmaster and crew Advisor or Skipper decide with the young man which one will oversee his advancement. If the Advisor or Skipper does so, but is unfamiliar with Boy Scouting, the district advancement committee should identify an experienced Scouter to assist. It is important for Venturing and Sea Scout leaders to understand that Boy Scout advancement procedures must be followed.
Any work done while a Venturer or Sea Scout can count toward both Boy Scout and Venturing or Sea Scout advancement at the same time. For instance, a conservation project required in Boy Scouting can also count in Venturing. Position of responsibility requirements for Boy Scout ranks may be met by the Venturer or Sea Scout serving in crew or ship positions as outlined in the Boy Scout Requirements book, No. 34765. The Advisor or Skipper conducts the unit leader conference. The crew or ship committee conducts Star and Life boards of review, and Eagle Scout boards follow the local council's established procedure.


text:
Source Newsroom: University of Iowa
Newswise — University of Iowa biologist Daniel Eberl and his colleagues have shown that one of the mechanisms involved in hearing is similar to the battery in your car.
And if that isn't interesting enough, the UI scientists advanced their knowledge of human hearing by studying a similar auditory system in fruit flies—and by making use of the fruit fly "love song."
To see how the mechanism of hearing resembles a battery, you need to know that the auditory system of the fruit fly contains a protein that functions as a sodium/potassium pump, often called the sodium pump for short, and is highly expressed in a specialized support cell called the scolopale cell.
The scolopale cell is important because it wraps around the sensory endings in the fly's ear and makes a tight extra-cellular cavity or compartment around them called the scolopale space.
"You could think of these compartments as similar to the compartments of a battery that need to be charged up so they can drive electrons through circuits," says Eberl, whose paper made the cover of the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. "In the auditory system, the charge in the scolopale space drives ions, or electrically charged atoms, through membrane channels in the sensory endings that open briefly in response to activation by sounds.
"Our work shows that the sodium pump plays a particularly important role in this cell to help replenish or recharge this compartment with the right ions. The human ear also relies on a compartment called the scala media, which similarly drives ions into the sensory cells of the ear," he says.
How was the research done? This is where the fruit fly love song comes into play.
Testing whether or not a fruit fly can hear the love song—a sound generated by a vibrating wing—enables Eberl to learn whether electrical recharging is occurring in the fly ear. The fruit fly love song played a role in the research by stimulating the fly to move whenever a sound was emitted and received.
"In these experiments we tested the fly's hearing by inserting tiny electrodes in the fly's antenna, then measuring the electrical responses when we play back computer-generated love songs," he says.
Eberl notes there are many similarities between fruit fly and human mechanisms of hearing. That means his work on the fly model to identify additional new components required for generating the correct ion balance in the ear will help scientists to understand the human process in more detail.
Eberl's co-authors on the paper areMadhuparna Roy, postdoctoral associate at the University of Pittsburgh, and Elena Sivan-Loukianova, UI biology research scientist. At the time of the research, Roy was a graduate student in the UI Graduate College studying in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences Department of Biology.
The title of the paper, published last week, is "Cell-type-specific roles of Na+/K+ ATPase subunits in Drosophila auditory mechanosensation."
The research was supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant number 5P30DC010362-03) and the Iowa Center for Molecular Auditory Neuroscience at the UI (grant number P30DC010362).