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Here is a little experiment:
Calculate the first principal component of variation between Papuans, and Karitiana from Brazil. These are some of the populations most distant to Africa that one can find genetic data for. (One Papuan,HGDP00544, is substantially different from the rest, and is shifted towards East Asians, so he was removed, all analyses on 613,630 SNPs with all no-calls removed).
Project 18 Mbuti Pygmies+San (henceforth Palaeoafricans) and 21 Yoruba from the HGDP-CEPH onto this component.
What do we expect? According to the standard Out-of-Africa model, you expect that Palaeoafricans and Yoruba will not differ from each other along the axis in which Amerindians differ from Papuans. If you take into account the Denisovan admixture in Australo-Melanesians, you might expect Africans (who lack this admixture) to be more Amerindian-like (since Amerindians also lack that archaic component). But, you certainly don't expect in either scenario Palaeoafricans to differ from Yoruba.
What the data say. Here are the data points along PC1:
green = Papuans
magenta = Karitiana
Here is a blowup of the middle part, showing the African populations:
red = Palaeoafrican
blue = Yoruba
A t-test supports (p less than.000001) the obvious visual conclusion that Palaeoafricans differ from Yoruba in the same way that Papuans differ from Karitiana. This is quite remarkable: why would Yoruba differ from San/Pygmies in the same way that Amazonians differ from Australo-Melanesians?
The difference is not that great: the Paleoafrican/Yoruba means are -.022 and -.020 and the Papuan/Karitiana ones are -0.167 and 0.206 respectively. Hence, the difference between Palaeoafricans and Yoruba is only 0.54% or so in this projection. But it is there, and it points to events in human prehistory not covered by the "standard model".
I have long argued that Africa should not be viewed only as a source, but also as a destination of population movemenets. If Africa was only a source, then there would be absolutely no reason for two different African groups to differ from each other in the same way that two of the most distant (from Africa) groups do. No one can reasonably argue, I think that Africans had the opportunity of any amount of gene flow with either Papuans or Amerindians.
I conjecture that the signal detected here is a legacy of a prehistoric episode of migration of Eurasians into Africa, which affected Yoruba more than it did Palaeoafricans. This population of Eurasians was slightly more similar to Karitiana than to Papuans. We will try to trace its origins next.
Using She instead of Karitiana
I repeat the previous experiment, but I use She, a far eastern ethnic group of China instead of the Karitiana.Here are the PC1 co-ordinates in this projection:
Yoruba: 0.111, Palaeoafrican: 0.108, Papuan: -0.155, She: 0.248
Hence, Yoruba are shifted by 0.74% on the Papuan-She axis relative to Palaeoafricans.
Using Tuscans instead of She
Using Tuscans the PC1 co-ordinates are:
Yoruba: 0.169, Palaeoafrican: 0.164, Papuan: -0.144, Tuscan: 0.289
Hence, Yoruba are shifted by 1.15% on the Papuan-Tuscan axis relative to Palaeoafricans.
Using Onge instead of Tuscans
Finally, I substituted Onge from the Indian Ocean for Tuscans. This analysis is based on 112,041 SNPs, so it's not directly comparable with the previous ones. Nonetheless:
Yoruba: 0.075, Palaeoafrican: 0.07, Papuan: -0.15, Onge: 0.267
Hence, Yoruba are shifted by 1.2% on the Papuan-Onge axis relative to Palaeoafricans.
In a previous post on McEvoy et al. (2011) I speculated about a possible West Eurasian back-migration into Africa. The results presented here are compatible with that theory, but they are also compatible with a second Out-of-Africa movement; the latter, however, if it happened, did not only affect West Eurasians, but also East Asians and even Amerindians, at least relative to Papuans who may have been more isolated than the rest.
On balance, I prefer a scenario with back-migration:
- It is difficult to envision a second Out-of-Africa that reached Brazil in its spread but avoided Papua, moreover there are no diagnostic uniparental markers of such an event
- It is simpler to think of a movement of Y-haplogroup DE-bearing men a short distance from "somewhere between the Indian Ocean (where the Andamanese live), and East Africa." which would introduce Eurasian-like genes into Sub-Saharan Africa.


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Zavodovski Island is formed by a single 551-m-high basaltic stratovolcano which has 2 flank cones on the east side. Mount Curry forms the island's summit west of the center of the island. 2 fissures extend NE from Mt Curry towards the east-flank craters, and a lava platform is located along the eastern coast.
Zavodovski is the most frequently visited of the South Sandwich Islands. It was erupting when first seen in 1819 by the explorer Bellingshausen, and the volcano has been reported to be smoking during subsequent visits. (GVP volcano information)
Copyrights:VolcanoDiscovery. Use of material: Text and images on this webpage are copyrighted. Further reproduction and use without authorization is not consented. If you need licensing rights for photographs, for example for publications and commercial use, please contact us.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The settlement of Joden Savanne and Cassipora cemetery
Urban Heritage Foundation, Suriname
Property names are listed in the language in which they have been submitted by the State Party.
The former settlement of Joden Savanne (Jew's Savanne) and the cemetery at Cassipora, mark an important stage in the European colonization of the Western Hemisphere. The synagogue at Joden Savanne, of which a ruin remains, is the oldest still present in the Americas. It is a reminder of pioneers of American Judaism. Jews, fleeing the Spanish inquisition were welcomed in Suriname, first by the British and later by the Dutch, to settle and reclaim the land along the River Suriname. As part of the government policy to attract Jewish settlers, they were given special privileges, which granted them freedom of religion, freedom of ownership and the right to have their own judicial court. Jewish merchants were especially wanted for their expertise on international trade. In 1665 they achieved a piece of land close to the Cassipora Creek to build a synagogue and to layout a cemetery. Shortly afterwards, the community moved to a hill overlooking the River Suriname where the settlement of Joden Savanne was founded. In 1685 a synagogue, named 'Beracha Ve Shalom' (Blessing and Peace), was inaugurated. It was made of brick imported from abroad. The synagogue formed the central point of a rectangular village. Close to the synagogue is a natural well which was said to have healing capacities. At the end of the 17th century approximately 600 people lived in the flourishing agricultural settlement of Joden Savanne owning more than 40 plantations with over 9,000 slaves. Besides her important economic role the Jewish community also had part in the protection of the colony. In the vicinity of the settlement lay the military supply post 'Post Gelderland' of the defence line 'Cordonpad'. This line, which started at Joden Savanne and ended at the coast, was constructed to protect the plantations from attacks of maroons, i.e. runaway slaves. It consistod of a wide bridle path with military posts at repular intervals. In the 19th century, however, most of the Jews living in Joden Savanne had moved to the capital of Paramaribo due to the decline of the sugar-cane industry. After a great fire in 1832 the settlement was left desolate. The cemeteries of Joden Savanne and Cassipora are of excephonal splendour. The cemetery of Cassipora counts several hundred tombstones. The oldest grave dates from 1667. The cemetery of Joden Savanna has approximately 450 graves. A large number of stones is of marble imported from Europe, other graves are made of bricks. Some stones are beaubfully ornamented. Inscriptions are in Spanish, Portugees, Dutch and Hebrew. The synagogue and the two cemeteries are the major sites at Joden Savanne. More remains of the settlement still have to be excavated. The foundation of the synagogue reveals its ground-plan.The natural well is still there and the defence line at Post Gelderland is recognizable.


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See: Rip
Tape is used for many purposes on a flying trapeze. Athletic (or Zinc Oxide) tape is the most common and is used to add friction to metal parts of the trapeze for extra grip (in particular the fly bar).
The timing of a particular trick refers to the moment at which the flyer leaves the platform in order to arrive at the right time to make a catch. Many different factors impact the timing.
A machine which pulls on/tightens a wire rope or cable. It is usually used to pull the net tight.
See: Peak
A horizontal bar hung between two cables.
Trapeze Artist
Someone who does flying trapeze. Could be the flyer or the catcher.
To move forwards or backwards while in the air.
A position or skill on the trapeze
A trick where the flyer turns around on the bar while holding onto it. They usually end up facing the other way.
A device for adjusting the tension or length of cables or wire ropes. Used to secure the cables supporting a flying trapeze rig.
Rotation about a vertical axis (running through the top of the head and down to the toes) while in the air.
Twisting Belt
A bulky variation of the standard safety belt that allows the user to spin while keeping the safety lines attached.
See: Poles
Wrist Wrap
Usually fabric or tape wrapped around the wrists to provide extra grip between the catcher and the flyer.
See: Wrist Wrap


Rotational Power Calculator
The rate at which a task or work is done is power. The power depends on the torque and the frequency of the rotation. Use our online rotational power calculator to find the power in rotational systems by entering torque and revolutions per minute(rpm). You can calculate rotational power in watt, autowatt, BTU/hour, erg/hour, gigawatt, kilowatt, megawatt, newton meter/hour, horsepower [electric], dyne meter/hour, electric horsepower and atmosphere cubic foot/hour.
Result :
If the torque is 50 Nm and RPM is 70, find rotational power?
Rotational Power = 50 * 2*3.14 * 70 / 60
= 366.51914250000004 W


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How To Sing Well In Chillier Weather
We all know how difficult it can be during the colder months in Canada – everything takes longer, and sometimes it's so cold, it's dangerous to be out in the elements for too long. This kind of weather has a direct impact on singers as well, so here are three tips to help you sing well during those cold winter months:
#1. Dress for Success:
Dressing for the weather just seems like common sense, but there are a few extra things you can do to help your voice out. Anytime your body shivers, you are creating tension, which directly impacts your sound. Make sure you're wearing enough layers so that your body doesn't need to shiver to create warmth. Protect your neck with a scarf, and try to cover your mouth and nose if it's really cold outsie.
#2. Nourish Yourself:
It can be easy to forget to eat well, since we often turn to more comfortable food fare during the winter months. It's especially important before a concert to ensure that you're giving your body the best food and drink possible, so that you can be at your best. Hydration is especially important during winter months, since we often have to exert ourselves more, and the city is so dry in the winter. Make sure you're drinking enough water!
#3. Warm-up Well:
It's important to always warm-up before singing, but this becomes especially important during the winter months. Because of the dry air, and the cold air, our bodies produce more mucus, and dries our throat out. Give yourself an extra few minutes to warm up, and make sure to hydrate as you sing!
How else can you prepare yourself to sing well in chillier weather? Tell us in the comments below!

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Chaucer: The Nun's priests tale
Essay by zee7903University, Master'sA+, February 2007
download word file, 6 pages 4.3
Downloaded 17 times
"Chaucer offers a positive view of medieval life"/ Chaucer's view of medieval life is peppered with criticisms and negative perceptions of the daily routine"
Chaucer's view of medieval life was peppered with criticism and negative perceptions of the daily routine. Through the use of a fictional narrator Chaucer is able to tackle diverse topics such as politics and criticise human vices such as gluttony and pride. The use of a beast fable allows Chaucer to openly voice his criticisms of medieval life under the disguise of animals. He satirically mocks flaws in the church and in doing so introduces the theme of rich and poor.
Right from the opening prologue we are made to realise that the priest although a religious figure is presented in a lowly way as his horse is described as 'a jade' and as 'foul and lene,' whilst the monk is described as to have 'belles that on youre bridel hange on every side.'
It suggests that Chaucer is criticising the state of the convent stables and so indirectly the state of the church.
The contrast of these two characters is also important. The monk whilst rich seems far from god as he has bells along his saddle and so it can be concluded that he is vain as he is only interested in outward appearance. Yet the priests' horse is in a poor state and yet he seems perfectly contented. This introduces the theme of rich and poor which is a reoccurring theme in the poem.
Chaucer helps to emphasise the gap between rich and poor with his use of vocabulary. A 'bour' and 'halle' are parts of a castle which are associated with rich and noble people, yet Chaucer satirically uses them in his description of the poor widow. The widow leads a dignified...


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The Benefits of Supplemental Environmental Projects
Are SEPs good for the regulated community and everyone else, too?
Is there a way to avoid paying a penalty when a company receives a fine from an environmental agency? Not really, but a Supplemental Environmental Project (SEP) may offer some relief. An SEP allows a "violator" with a monetary penalty to spend some or all of the financial penalty money to complete an agency-approved project that will have a beneficial effect on the environment. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has developed guidance for SEPs that includes a range of different types of projects, including:
- investment in wind energy,
- installation of fuel cells,
- water efficiency programs, and
- sustainability projects (e.g. development of environmental management systems).
However, the SEP needs to be connected to the violation (the term used by the agencies is "nexus") and it cannot be a project that was already planned or under way.
Regulatory agencies view SEPs as a positive method to advance the goal of protecting the environment. Rather than having a monetary penalty paid to general funds, the agency ensures that the money will be used for environmentally beneficial projects. Further, the agencies view SEP implementation as a benefit to local communities that might have been negatively impacted by the original violation.
The following case studies describe the SEP process with regulatory agencies, benefits realized by the companies involved, and how the agencies and local communities benefited from these projects.
Health Care Facility and Water Conservation SEP
The state Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) found that a health care facility with a new industrial boiler did not comply with requirements for monitoring emissions based on the maximum rated (Btu) capacity of the boiler. Enforcement actions associated with this matter resulted in a consent order. The consent order included a condition that an SEP could be developed and implemented.
DEP, which has authority over the federal air emissions program, provided suggestions on acceptable types of SEPs and required explanations of their potential benefits.
Of the two SEPs submitted for consideration, the agency agreed to a water conservation project that included the replacement of free-flowing faucets with automatic infrared (no-touch) faucets. The nexus of the SEP and the violation was the relationship between the need for boiler make-up water for steam and the reduction of water use as part of the facility's overall water consumption program.
The health care facility noted the SEP would lower water consumption and reduce water discharges requiring treatment through the publicly operated treatment works (POTW). Using conservative estimates, the facility would reduce water usage by about 350,000 gallons per year.
From a business perspective, the facility would see lower costs for water purchased from the local utility. Ultimately, the cost savings would pay for the automatic faucets over an extended period. While difficult to quantify, the facility also would afford greater protection to employees and patients from bacteria and viruses that often live on fixtures.
Indirectly, the project benefited the community by potentially making more water available for other local or regional use and lowering demand on POTW capacity. Lastly, it is most likely that the patients that are served by this health care facility are local to the site. As noted above, those individuals in the local community will benefit from the reduced exposure to bacteria or viruses while being treated.
DEP accepted the proposed SEP and incorporated it into the final consent order. At this time, the automatic faucets have been purchased and are in the process of being installed.
Industrial Manufacturer and Stormwater-related SEP
DEP found that an industrial manufacturer did not complete its stormwater monitoring and reporting as often as required by the agency and the general permit.
Initially, the agency proposed a consent order that required payment of a penalty directly to the agency as well as a payment to the state's general SEP funds. During negotiations, the agency agreed to allow the manufacturer to use state fund money to complete an SEP.
DEP recommended the manufacturer eliminate industrial activities or sources that could impact stormwater at its site. If successful, the manufacturer would then be able to complete a "no exposure certification" available with the general permit. The site would still be subject to the general permit; however, the manufacturer would be exempt from monitoring, inspections, and training requirements because its activities or sources would no longer impact stormwater.
The final consent order also included incentives to complete the project. Specifically, the manufacturer needed to spend all of the money identified in the consent order, or the balance would need to be paid to DEP. If unsuccessful in eliminating the sources as identified above, the manufacturer would be required to pay the balance of the money identified in the consent order to complete the project plus an additional penalty.
The manufacturer identified several activities and areas of the site that required improvements to eliminate stormwater exposure. These items included:
- removal/disposal of potentially contaminated soils,
- construction of enclosed structures for dumpsters, and
- drainage improvements to redirect stormwater from a loading dock area.
Upon implementation of these changes, the manufacturer would have an improved site with reduced risk associated with stormwater compliance.
DEP will benefit by having lowered industrial activity impacts to a local stream adjacent to the property. A secondary indirect benefit to the agency is that there is one less site that is directly regulated by the subject general permit. This reduces the administrative burden on DEP (fewer sites mean less paperwork to be processed and tracked by the agency).
The stormwater SEP was incorporated into the final consent order. At this time, the costs are being assessed to complete the site improvements.
SEPs give companies a way to indirectly pay fines. While these projects typically benefit the company subject to the fines, regulatory agencies also have the opportunity to forward their agenda and provide a benefit to the public.
Paul Simonetta is a vice president and senior project manager at Triton Environmental, Inc. Guilford, Conn., with 18 years of combined environmental compliance experience in industrial manufacturing and consulting. He received his bachelor of science degree from Fairfield University and his master of science in environmental science from the University of New Haven. One of Simonetta's areas of expertise is in wastewater management and permitting. For more information, contact him at _PHONE_, extension 34.


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The IMF Working Papers series is designed to make IMF staff research available to a wide audience. Almost 300 Working Papers are released each year, covering a wide range of theoretical and analytical topics, including balance of payments, monetary and fiscal issues, global liquidity, and national and international economic developments.
Stress testing has become the risk management tool du jour in the wake of the global financial crisis. In countries where the information reported by financial institutions is considered to be of sufficiently good quality, and supervisory and regulatory standards are high, stress tests can be of significant value. In contrast, the proliferation of stress testing in underdeveloped financial systems with weak oversight regimes is fraught with uncertainties, as it is unclear what the results actually represent and how they could be usefully applied. In this paper, problems associated with stress tests using weak data are examined. We offer a potentially more useful alternative, the "breaking point" method, which also requires close coordination with on-site supervision and complemented by other supervisory tools and qualitative information. Excel spreadsheet templates of the stress tests presented in this paper are provided.


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- This event has passed.
How To Be A Better Foreman – Burnaby
November 30, 2018 @ 7:30 am - 4:00 pm
Many great trades people take a foreman position and fail. Not for lack of skills or drive but simply for lack of guidance on how to be a great foreman. This 1-day course gives participants the fundamentals of field leadership, organization, crew morale, efficiency, and productivity.
- Understanding why and how many foremen fail
- How the foreman's role has changed
- Dealing with workplace conflict without being a jerk
- Learning how to anticipate production and jobsite issues
- Understanding general and subcontractor dynamics
- Understanding your role as a leader
- Understand how you play a major role in increasing jobsite productivity
What previous participants said:
"Well structured, informative course."
"Nice to hear different perspectives."
"Valuable: Learning to communicate with other people on the job site."


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Drawing Connections is owned by teacher Jenna Hyde and family. Jenna designs activity mats based on the classic "dot-to-dot" activity, but in larger form. The idea behind the mats is to help young learners (or anyone practicing their handwriting) to have a fun and accessible way to practice number and letter recognition by writing them and connecting them in succession without wasting paper. Each mat is reusable and works best with dry erase markers. A marker and eraser are included in each order!
Check out a video of the Activity Mats in action.


text: Under the ecosystem approach to fisheries, an optimal fishing pattern is one that gives the highest possible yield while having the least structural impact on the community. Unregulated, open-access African inland fisheries have been observed to sustain high catches by harvesting a broad spectrum of species and sizes, often in conflict with current management regulations in terms of mesh and gear regulations. Using a sizeand trait-based model, we explore whether such exploitation patterns are commensurable with the ecosystem approach to fisheries by comparing the impacts on size spectrum slope and yield with the different size limit regimes employed in the Zambian and Zimbabwean sides of man-made Lake Kariba. Long-term multispecies data under fished and unfished conditions are used to compare and validate the model results. Both model and observations show that the highest yields and low structural impact on the ecosystem are obtained by targeting small individuals in the community. These results call for a re-evaluation of the size-based management regulations that are ubiquitous in most fisheries.


text: BANGOR, Maine (NEWS CENTER) --The Maine Discovery Museum in Bangor hosts a class each Tuesday morning called "Science Detectives." On our visit, educator Trudi Plummer was teaching kids about the importance of slime in nature. While the kids were learning about slime, they were making their own thick, gooey, slime, and loving every minute of it. The science classes are part of the Museum's regular weekly programs, but this upcoming weekend the Museum will host a series of fun science experiments called Nano Days. We'll be showing you some of those experiments throughout the week.


Mr Langshaw's Square Piano
Mr Langshaw's Square Piano
A clue inside a neglected square piano made in 1807, leads Madeline Goold on a quest to uncover the identities of the people who had owned and played it.
This biography of a now almost-forgotten instrument, which once held pride of place in drawing-rooms throughout Britain and its Empire, is a journey through two centuries of musical lives.
The author travels back in time and enters the musical world of Georgian England to meet the people who built and played the square piano that she found two hundred years later.
M.Clementi, Sonata Op.25, No. 5, First Movement (1790)
Javascript and Flash are required to play the recordings
She discovers that the original owner was a north-country musician, struggling to make a living and educate his children in the early years of the Industrial Revolution; Mr. Langshaw's Square Piano - (ISBN _PHONE_, Hardcover, Corvo Books, £13.99) traces the story of his square piano and sets it and Mr. Langshaw and his remarkable family, against the broader musical and social history of their time.
"It really carries the reader along and brings history alive. Great."
"…a tale that really draws the reader in…"
In his youth John Langshaw met and studied with some of the most celebrated musicians in Georgian London. He returned to his home town in the north of England with first-hand knowledge of the square piano, a new keyboard instrument that was taking the capital by storm, and he spent the next fifty years teaching music and distributing pianos on behalf of John Broadwood, the most successful English piano maker of the day.
Mr. Langshaw brought music to a part of the country where no one before him could even play Handel's Lessons, let alone teach them; in doing so he also brought the social change that accompanied the piano.
Mr Langshaws Square Piano Mr Langshaw's Square Piano
Square Piano
Square pianos, sometimes called box or table pianos, are not square but oblong. They were the earliest pianos and for sixty years from the time of their first appearance in London in 1768 they dominated the piano market.
Small and elegant, they reflected the finest furniture of the period. They had little leather hammers that struck rather than plucked the strings as in so many other keyboard instrument of the time.
What was really novel was that they could be played soft and loud, piano e forte. The square piano became a link between the keyboard instruments of the eighteenth century and the modern piano and bridged the time when only the very wealthy could afford a keyboard instrument to the mass production of the mid-nineteenth century.
Website design Site design by Daniel McEwen Leaves
© Copyright 2015 Madeline Goold


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Legal basis for conducting the survey in the area of crop production statistics is Law on Official Statistics and Official Statistical System of Montenegro (Official Gazette of Montenegro 18/12).
Purpose of survey
The purpose of survey in the area of crop production statistics is to collect, process, and disseminate data on the size of land resources by: land use categories; number of fruit trees and vine plants; land under certain crops; quantity of expected and realised yields; and agricultural product processing.
The data on business entities are collected by using the reporting method on the basis of accounting records and other types of records. The data on family agricultural holdings are collected by using the estimation method by the side of statistical estimators. The statistical estimators perform estimations on the basis of observing phenomena and by the help of well-known facts (the Cadastre data by utilised land categories, estimation from previous years, information collected from agricultural producers and experts, and their personal observations).
There are covered business entities classified by the activity classification in sector A–Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (agricultural enterprises and agricultural cooperatives), and area of estimation for family agricultural holdings.
Obligation to protect individual data
Statistical confidentiality is guaranteed. Results obtained through surveys are only used for statistical purposes, and they are published at the aggregated level.
For more details on published data, methodology, and releases please see the sections below.


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Follow Farmer Susie as she guides your PreSchool or Kindergarten child through her farm! Barnyard Adventure is a fun, learning adventure that is designed to reinforce important skills at the Pre-K through K grade level. Big, colorful, hand-drawn graphics make the fruit, animals, and other shapes easy to identify and interact with. Farmer Susie is an adorable, fully animated cartoon character that guides your child through the farm using a dynamic, completely voice acted narration system. She is always on the screen offering clear instructions and encouraging verbal rewards. The bright and friendly voice, combined with the full musical score adds to the delight and charm of this game.
- Fully animated and completely voice acted Farmer Susie cartoon character!
- Animated backgrounds bring the farm to life
- Reinforces counting, letter and shape recognition, memory, and cognitive thinking!
- Almost 2 dozen objects to interact with across 6 different mini-games. Randomized objects, numbers, and shapes give infinite re-playability!
- Rewarding gameplay lets your child hear Farmer Susie's poems and collect gold coins with pictures from the farm on them!


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Report Number: SERC-2012-TR-028-2
Publication Date: 2012-10-24
Project: Security Engineering – Design Patterns and Operational Concepts
The Security Engineering project has focused on the development of what is referred to as System Aware Cyber Security, a novel approach for adding cyber attack defense in depth through embedding cyber security solutions to protect specified critical functions of a system within the perimeter of the system. The research efforts have focused on:
1. Concept definition for System Aware Security
2. Design and analysis of reusable system aware security designs that can serve as patterns for solutions that are repetitive at the design concept level from system to system. This includes adopting and utilizing a specification format for security design patterns.
3. Development and initial trial of a first methodology to support system engineers in the selection of groups of available design patterns for a specific system implementation.
The research has progressed to the point where work was initiated to start exploring a DoD-selected specific application: unmanned airborne vehicles (UAV's). This work involved starting the initial concept development for application of System-Aware cyber security design patterns and architecture selection methodology to a specific commercial off-the-shelf UAV system platform carrying electronic data collection apparatus (optical/IR cameras, a radar subsystem and signal collection receivers).
The remainder of this report provides the results for the three System Aware cyber security research areas identified above, as well as the initial exploratory results for the selected UAV application.


Room Integrity Testing
How do we protect valuable assets from the risk of fire?
Room Integrity Testing plays a critical part in mitigating this risk. A fire within your company building could have serious business ramifications, so we are all used to operating in a way that reduces fire-risk when at work.
Sprinkler systems and fire extinguishers can protect lives by releasing water at the site of fires. But when it comes to protecting the most valuable equipment in a building, water can cause as much damage as a fire, so a different approach must be used.
Room Integrity Testing
This approach is known as Gaseous Fire Suppression, which can work in one of two ways.
 - By displacing some of the Oxygen by releasing an inert gas into the enclosure, i.e Argon, CO2 or IG-55
 - By reducing the heat of the fire and thereby reducing or stopping the chain-reaction across the enclosure, i.e Novec 1230 and FM-200
Proving the system will work
The suppression system is usually designed to work for 10 minutes (this is called the Hold Time), to give enough time for emergency services to respond. As such, the concentration of the gas must be maintained above a defined percentage for the required hold time.
A good way to imagine why it is called a Hold Time it is to not think of it as a gas, but to imagine filling the enclosure to the top with water, and you want 90% of the water to stay there for 10 minutes. If the enclosure has a lot of holes, then the water is going to leak out rather quickly. If it is airtight, or watertight, then you will have most or all that water left at the end of the 10 minutes.
Air tightness testing
Room Integrity Testing
For this Hold Time, we need to demonstrate some level of airtightness. This is known as Room Integrity Testing and for many insurances, this does need to be done every 12 months after the construction.
The required level of airtightness does differ greatly, depending on the type of gas, the size of the enclosure, the height of the equipment, as well as many other factors. Even having fans operating in the enclosure will change the way the system works, so it is much more complex than a normal airtightness test.
With the correct gas and enclosure information, your test engineer will be able to give an estimate of the required level of airtightness and advise you accordingly. When planning any of these projects, it helps to get a air tightness consultant involved at an early stage as the construction may need to change based on the information given.
As an example, one such project we have worked on required an equivalent air tightness of 0.5m3/h.m2, which is tighter than some of the most energy-efficient buildings you will come across, so this required a very different approach to the construction.
The testing procedure
Room Integrity Testing involves a calibrated fan setup like a normal airtightness test, but there does need to be a pressurisation and a depressurisation result to adhere to the methodologies of BS EN 15004 and NFPA 2001.
Room Integrity testing
Cable penetrations in a data centre
One important distinction, is that no temporary sealing can be made to any element of the enclosure during the test. This test needs to demonstrate how the gas will perform under normal working conditions, so all vents and air handling units must be open and operating as normal.
There is another highly important aspect that must be considered as part of this test….
Peak Pressure Analysis
If you release 100kg of gas into an airtight enclosure over 30 seconds, there will be a significant amount of pressure created. This could be well over 2,000 Pa in some circumstances, which would damage entrance doors, and even destroy the enclosure completely if the walls are not able to support that level of pressure.
To reduce this pressure, you will have Pressure Relief Vents (PRVS) installed in the walls, ideally at a high level. An important part of the test that we perform will be to work out this peak pressure and then demonstrate that these vents provide enough of a pressure reduction.
This involves a second set of tests where the enclosure if pressurised to 125 Pa, at which point the vents should be fully open. The vents are then fixed in this position and the Effective Leakage Area is then worked out using another airtightness test. We will advise if the PRVs meet your requirements.
Strategies for getting a pass
It is firstly critical to establish how airtight the enclosure/room needs to be, using the installation details for the suppression system and the building geometry. The earlier this is done, the better as this information can determine a good sealing strategy, or even suggest that a system redesign is needed.
Large trunks of data cables are common areas of failure. The ideal solution is to lay a bead of mastic at the opening, then sit some of the cables into it in a way that means they are not touching. The mastic should be allowed to dry, and the process can be repeated by applying another bead of mastic and then sitting more cables into it. The result should be an effective seal around each cable that would otherwise have been very difficult to achieve.
Plasterboard should be well sealed at the head and beneath the Raised Access Floors as a continuous line. Take care to get a good seal at difficult junctions.
Exposed Blockwork should be plastered or have received several coats of paint.
Cable penetrations behind control panels and electrical fittings must be sealed during the installation, so that there is no need to remove these at a later stage for remedial works.
Cable trays can be difficult to seal when in a Raised Access Floor. Brief the contractors during the installation that these need a good seal beneath them, and for each individual cable to have a complete seal around it.
Pressure Relief Vents normally do present some leakage when closed. If the requirements of the enclosure are tight, then higher quality vents may be needed to give the best chance of passing.
Conduits should be sealed as they penetrate the perimeter wall and should also be sealed inside. This can be difficult to do during remedials, and so should be done during the installation before the conduit is closed.
Ductwork penetrations will need to be sealed, with the main difficulty being any sections that are flush against a wall or floor slab. This is a detail that is easily missed, so ensure that the contractor is aware of the importance of sealing these areas at an early stage.
Do you need help with Room Integrity Testing?
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Genesee Course Listing
Official Course Information
Please select a Course Section from the list below or search for a class by Course Title.
Spring 2021
Business Administration Courses:
 or List All Business Administration Courses
BUS108 - Customer Service Management
Credits: 3
Catalog Description: The course provides an overview of basic elements of customer service, career options, and role in any industry. It studies leaders in service and the impact of service businesses on the world economy. The course presents case studies of businesses which utilize customer service and hospitality techniques to differentiate from their competition and to develop new products and services. It covers customer service philosophies, skills and innovations. The course examines available technology used to anticipate and manage customer needs and improve revenue and customer retention.
Lecture: 3 hrs.
Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs):
Upon the successful completion of this course, a student will be able to:
1. Identify best practices in customer service.
2. Explain the role of technology in building customer relationships.
3. Identify current trends in customer relations management.
4. Communicate effectively in a professional setting.
5. Compare and contrast global business etiquette practices.
Effective Term: Fall 2019


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The Northwest Justice Forum will annually honor a person for lifetime achievements in restorative justice when those people are brought to our attention. Those recognized should be individuals who have made vital contributions of outstanding significance to the field of restorative of justice.
The award shall recognize individuals for outstanding contributions to restorative justice education, research,, and/or practice. The nominee has:
Made exemplary contributions to the understanding and application of restorative justice over an entire career with a definable body of work through one or more of the following:


Fork me on GitHub
Fusebox 5.6
FuseBox 5.6 - Project Plan
Vision for Fusebox
Fusebox 5.6 is backwards compatible with versions 5.x and 4.x
Initial Goals
 1. Documentation of the Internals of the Framework
 2. We want for the community to be able to pick up an issue and do the work themselves. From there they could provide us with a patch that would contain the fix. In order for us to expect developers to do this. We need to provide some documentation on how the framework works on the inside.
 3. Provide Examples on how to fork and patch
 4. Create documentation on how to fork and submit a patch back to the main project.
 5. Write Selenium Tests and Applications to test against
 6. Write a couple of different small Fusebox applications that can be used to test the framework. After those are finished create some Selenium tests to test the applications given different versions of Fusebox. The overall goal here is to create a simple way to do backwards compatibility testing in combination with continuous integration. Also get some complete applications from the community to test Fusebox changes on.
 7. Document small initial performance improvements
 8. Go through the code and create tickets for small performance improvements that we can see.
 9. Improved error reporting
 10. Give better error reports when there is a mistake in one of the fusebox or circuit XML files that will help a user (especially a new user) see where the mistake is in their code.
 11. Continuous Integration
 12. Either a Jenkins or Bamboo server will be made public containing the results of the CI for the framework. All commiters will be on the notification list of failed or successful builds.
 13. Move project to github
 14. We will move the project to github to allow for easier forking and code management.
 1. Simplify
 2. Archive what is there
 3. Recognize the community patchers that have helped the most
 4. Figure out a way to connect with the community while keeping things civil
 5. The biggest parts of the site are
 1. how to get involved
 2. how to use the framework
 3. documentation wiki
The goal of the roles is to keep the organizational structure flat. While thousands of people patch to the linux project. There are very few that can commit to the core kernel. Seeing that Fusebox is the most prevalent framework still I don't think we need an Evangelist or anything like that. Let the framework stand and grow on its own.
We will keep the commiters to a minimum. A goal would be to have at least 3 people who could commit but no more than 6. A commiter's role would be to ensure code quality and that the changes being commited are in the best interest of the overall project. Major architecture decisions will be made by the commiters only after asking input from the community. Setup a voting process where the community could vote on major decisions before a major change is made.
A commiter codes for the best of the framework (not from ego), is responsive to community feedback, and has good attention to detail to ensure bug free releases.
Community Patchers
The community can contribute back to the project by creating patches and fixing issues
Community Documenters
These help improve the user documentation on the wiki. They are good at explaining concepts in simple terms and making items consistent.
Ideas for new development
 1. A way to configure the request to either pull a model file or hit a service layer
 2. tag libs for UI controls
 3. lots of examples for real world development
 4. Security
 5. SAML
 6. OAuth
Project Ownership and Copyright
The project will remain in the Apache License. The copyright will be removed as most modern project no longer need or have a copyright. The domain ownership will be transferred initially to John Blayter. The domain ownership shall only be owned by a commiter of at least 3 months. The rights of the domain ownership must be given up if 50% or more of the commiters vote to have it moved to another commiter.
Communication plan
who is saying what, where and when about the transfer? eg news on site announcing change. Post to mailing list(s). It will help you if (most) fuseboxers are behind the change. They will want to know how it will affect them and what will improve. A change FAQ would be helpful here. And I also suggest inviting people to help out as patchers or documenters. Explaining how they can join in. Don't want yet another repeat of the us vs them / insiders battles which we have had in the past.
Change FAQ
Q: Will Fusebox still be free?
A: Yes. Still under Apache open soruce Liciense
Q: Who will control Fusebox?
A: Anyone in the Fusebox community can make changes which will be committed to the code base by experienced Fusebox users (Committers)
Q: Who are the current committers
A: Please see the current contributors
Q: How can I become a committer
A: Yes you can become a committer but why don't you start as a community patcher.


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Enhanced Observed Time Difference
A position-location method for GSM networks in which the phone measures the difference in the time of arrival signals from different towers. Essentially, the phone triangulates its position using signals from the towers, the reports the position back to the network.
E-OTD is one of several technologies that carriers can deploy to meet E-911 requirements.
Unlike competing U-TDOA technology, the phone actively participates in the location process. Therefore, E-OTD only works with phones that specifically include E-OTD technology.
Most major U.S. carriers that tested E-OTD for E-911 compliance decided against it and opted for U-TDOA technology instead.
The main proponent and provider of E-OTD technology is a company called Cambridge Positioning Systems (CPS).


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Creating Sustainable Solutions in Central America
RISD students have been traveling to Earth U's La Flor campus in Costa Rica to explore sustainable solutions to global problems.
For many children who grow up in developing countries in Central America, their classrooms are little more than cement buildings. Indoor plumbing doesn't exist, clean drinking water is scarce during the dry season and on sunny days, schoolhouses can turn into sweltering sweatboxes due to poor ventilation. Given these conditions, it's common for students to become distracted – even dizzy – while attempting to concentrate.
To help tackle this ongoing problem, RISD students enrolled in the interdisciplinary Innovation Studio: A High-Tech, Low-Tech School, a studio that's offered by the Industrial Design and Landscape Architecture departments, have developed a prototype off-the-grid schoolhouse for rural Costa Rica in collaboration with Earth University – the world's foremost research institute for sustainable agriculture. Since 2008 RISD students have been traveling to Earth U's La Flor campus in Costa Rica's Guanacaste Province to explore sustainable solutions to complex global problems such as poverty, food production and waste management.
"As the world becomes more connected, problems that affect human life become more complicated," notes Associate Professor Charlie Cannon, who taught the fall 2012 studio and has been involved in RISD's ongoing collaborations with Earth University. "It was incredibly valuable for students to learn how to develop comprehensive solutions to critical issues. I believe these challenges will truly define the 21st century."
As part of their preliminary research, students were introduced to the local environment through a brief trip to Earth University's tropical campus, which is situated in the midst of a banana plantation. During their visit in October, they started work on theoretical projects for potential incorporation into the prototype design. Students explored eco-progressive concepts for rooftop gardens, tree latrines and clever plumbing configurations, among other ideas hatched in the design studio.
Mickey Rockafellar MLA 13 quickly focused on the issue of water. "There isn't a problem with water availability during the rainy season," he explains. "But it becomes scarce during the dry months." So, after returning to RISD, the landscape architect designed an ingenious water collection system that makes use of discarded water bottles, which are both cheap and easy to find in Costa Rica. The design also includes a sand filtration system that rids water of bacteria. He envisions that the structure can be attached to a schoolhouse – or any other type of building – in order to provide clean drinking water.
"It's efficient and cost effective," Rockafellar notes. "Plus, community members can easily build this themselves."
This month, during Wintersession, Professor Colgate Searle BLA 71 is leading a small team of adventuresome students who are building a prototype of the schoolhouse in Costa Rica – using a blueprint developed from selected student designs proposed during the fall studio which was funded by the Fund for Sustainable Education. It will be unveiled at an international climate change conference Earth University is hosting in April.
The project is a noble one. According to Searle, the participating students are part of a larger philanthropic effort lead by Earth University that attempts to radically improve academic facilities throughout Costa Rica. The hope, says Searle, is that the prototype will inspire local populations to build their own low-cost schoolhouses to support active learning.
"Students actually have the potential to change a community's standard of living," notes Searle, adding: "Now that's a real reason to design."
Among the key features of the prototype is a roof designed to collect rainwater that will be processed by an on-site filtration system. The rainwater collected will be used for hand washing and to flush indoor toilets. And to make sure students aren't sweating at their desks during the warm months, the building will offer an open ventilation system.
Sturdy materials that are indigenous to the area – including teak and bamboo – are being used for the building's frame and roof. "We want to make sure that the community is able to replicate this building using the resources available to them," Searle explains.
Abigail Foster 13 ID, one of the students helping to build the prototype in Costa Rica, was asked to photograph the process. The materials will then be added to a book she's creating with Rawan Alsaffar MArch 13 that chronicles the students' final projects and offers instruction in sustainable design. The publication will eventually be turned into an online document available to everyone.
"The book is a means of communication," Foster explains. "We want the knowledge we cultivated in the Innovation Studio can be shared with people in many different locations. It's about making connections and then building from there" –Abigail Crocker
tags: academic collaborations
, Industrial Design
, social responsibility


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On the 16 and 17 November 2017, the European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) organised an event on "Social Innovation for refugee inclusion", including one session on the integration of refugees in small and rural communities. The speakers highlighted how non-traditional actors have initiated innovative ways to foster the inclusion of newcomers in these depopulated areas. They also discussed how the inclusion of refugees in rural and remote areas could help these areas to fight against depopulation and boost growth in rural areas. Bringing one or two families to a small mountain village, for instance, could help maintain some services of general interest, such as a public school, a post office, etc.
Euromontana participated to the workshop and presented the SIMRA Project (Social Innovation in Marginalised Rural Areas) that collects examples of social innovation. An example of social innovation in a marginalised rural area linked to refugee inclusion is the "Orti didattici di comunità" project. The project was created in Castelnuovo Bocca d'Adda, a commune of 1600 inhabitants in the Province of Lodi in the Italian region Lombardy, where an old abandoned house has been transformed into a small reception center for 12 asylum seekers and the surrounding area has become a social garden where children and locals, including refugees, can work the land.
At the end of the workshop, the conclusions for the inclusion of refugees in rural areas given by the speakers and the participants were:
- To consider rural and small communities as welcoming places suitable for resettlement;
- To use social innovation to establish new partnerships in small and rural communities;
- To work and engage with the host and local communities before the newcomer's arrival;
- To teach doctors, police agents and all public agents a specific and targeted approach to deal with refugees;
- To consider migrants as a source of employment (for instance, some of them may have farming expertise);
- To develop services of general interest in small and rural areas and to make them accessible to everyone, including refugees.


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Novara-Expedition - Austria-Forum : AEIOU : english
Novara Expedition _PHONE_, first major scientific mission of the
Austrian navy carried out by the frigate "Novara", which
circumnavigated the world under the command of B. von
Wuellersdorf-Urbair. This exploration expedition, prepared by the
Academy of Sciences and led by experts (headed by the geologist
F. v. Hochstetter and the zoologist G. von Frauenfeld),
brought about internationally acclaimed results ( Discoveries and
Most research was done on St. Paul Island, the Nicobar Islands and in New Zealand (where Hochstetter stayed there and conducted the first geological survey of New Zealand). Oceanographic research, especially in the South Pacific, helped oceanography to become a science in its own right. The collections of botanical, zoological (26,000 preserved specimens) and ethnological material greatly added to the exhibits of Austrian museums, the large number of geomagnetic surveys enriched scientific knowledge. Leaves of the coca plant were brought to Austria and cocaine was produced for the first time in pure form in 1860.
The scientific findings were gathered in a work called "Reise der oesterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde" (The Austrian Frigate Novara's Journey around the World, 21 volumes, _PHONE_) and published by the Academy of Sciences. A popular version with the same title (3 volumes) was edited by K. Scherzer _PHONE_.
Literature: F. Wallisch, Sein Schiff hiess Novara, 1966; K. Scherzer and G. Treffer, Die Weltumseglung der Novara 1857-59, 1973.


Dittert Site at the Cebolla Wilderness Welcome to Wilderness Wednesday, our weekly posting to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Wilderness Act.
This week, we are highlighting the Cebolla Wilderness, as accessed by the Armijo Canyon Trail. The 61,600 acre Cebolla Wilderness was designated in 1987. The Armijo Canyon Trail will bring you through an area abundant in cultural history and sites. Just north of the trail, near the trailhead, is the Dittert Site Between A.D. 1000 and 1300, Ancestral Pueblo people built and occupied a 30 room pueblo here. 2¼ miles up the Canyon exists an old homestead from the early 1900s. Exploring rocky outcrops nearby the trial will reveal occasional petroglyphs.
The Wilderness Act recognizes that a wilderness may contain ecological, geological, scientific, educational, scenic, or historical value, and directs that these values be preserved as a component of their wilderness character. Archaeological sites found in a wilderness can significantly contribute to our appreciation and understanding of human history and culture, including clues to the lives of indigenous peoples, Spanish colonialism, and settlement as a part of the United States. Local Native Americans refer to sites as "cultural" resources, not "archaeological" resources, signifying their importance as an integral part of their living culture. These resources are protected within the wilderness setting (as they are on all public lands) for present and future generations.
From I-40, drive 31.6 miles south on NM Highway 117 to CR 41 (gravel, known as "the Pietown Road"). Drive south on CR 41 for approximately 3.7 miles until you reach a sign for Armijo Canyon, which will be on the east side of the road. Turn left, and after approximately 1.5 miles, and stop at a parking area at the Wilderness boundary. Hike past the fence and along a closed 2-track route for approximately 3¾ miles at which point it connects to the Sand Canyon Road.
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Undated photograph of the Nauvoo Temple.
|Dedication||1 May 1846
|Floor area||54,000 sq ft (5,000 m2)|
|Preceded by||Kirtland Temple|
|Official website• News & images|
The Nauvoo Temple was the second temple constructed by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, commonly known as the Mormons. The church's first temple was completed in Kirtland, Ohio, United States, in 1836. When the main body of the church was forced out of Nauvoo, Illinois, in the winter of 1846, the church attempted to sell the building, finally succeeding in 1848. The building was damaged by fire and a tornado before being demolished.
In 1937, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints reacquired the lot on which the original temple had stood. The Church built a temple on the original site whose exterior is a replica of the first temple, but whose interior is laid out like a modern Latter-day Saint temple. On 27 June 2002, a date that coincided with the 158th anniversary of the deaths of Joseph and Hyrum Smith, the temple was dedicated as the Nauvoo Illinois Temple.
||This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2009)|
The Latter-day Saints made preparations to build a temple soon after establishing their headquarters at Nauvoo, Illinois in 1839. On 6 April 1841, the temple's cornerstone was laid under the direction of Joseph Smith, Jr., the church's restorer. Sidney Rigdon gave the principal oration. At its base the building was 128 feet (39 m) long and 88 feet (27 m) wide with a clock tower and weather vane reaching to a total height of 165 feet (50 m)—a 60% increase over the dimensions of the Kirtland Temple. Like Kirtland, the Nauvoo Temple contained two assembly halls, one on the first floor and one on the second, called the lower and upper courts. Both had classrooms and offices in the attic. Unlike Kirtland, the Nauvoo Temple had a full basement which housed a baptismal font. Because the Saints had to abandon Nauvoo, the building was not entirely completed. The basement with its font was finished, as were the first floor assembly hall and the attic. When these parts of the building were completed they were used for performing ordinances (basement and attic) or for worship services (first floor assembly hall).
The Nauvoo Temple was designed in the Greek Revival style by Mormon architect William Weeks, under the direction of Smith. Weeks' design made use of distinctively Latter-day Saint motifs, including Sunstones, Moonstones, and Starstones. It is often mistakenly thought that these stones represent the Three Degrees of Glory in the Mormon conception of the afterlife, but the stones appear in the wrong order. Instead, Wandle Mace, foreman for the framework of the Nauvoo Temple, has explained that the design of the temple was meant to be "a representation of the Church, the Bride, the Lamb's wife" (Wandle Mace, Autobiography 207 (BYU Special Collections)). In this regard Mace references John's statement in Revelation 12:1 concerning the "woman clothed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and upon her head a crown of twelve stars." This explains why the Starstones are at the top of the temple ("crown of twelve stars"), the Sunstones in the middle ("clothed with the sun") and the Moonstones at the bottom ("moon under her feet").
Construction was only half complete when Smith was assassinated in 1844. After a succession crisis, Brigham Young was sustained as the church's leader by the majority of Mormons in Nauvoo. As mob violence increased during the summer of 1845, he encouraged the Latter-day Saints to complete the temple even as they prepared to abandon the city. Even as the temple was under construction portions of it were used for sacred rites, such as baptisms for the dead in the basement font. During the winter of 1845-46, the temple began to be used for additional ordinances, including the Nauvoo-era rituals of Endowment and Sealings in Marriage and Adoptions. The Nauvoo Temple was in use for less than three months.
Most of the Latter-day Saints left Nauvoo, beginning in February 1846, but a small crew remained to finish the temple's first floor, so that it could be formally dedicated. Once the first floor was finished with pulpits and benches, the building was finally dedicated in private services on 30 April 1846, and in public services on 1 May. In September 1846 the remaining Mormons were driven from the city and vigilantes from the neighboring region, including Carthage, Illinois, entered the near-empty city and vandalized the temple.
Initially the church's agents tried to lease the structure, first to the Catholic Church, and then to private individuals. When this failed, they attempted to sell the temple, asking up to $200,000, but this effort also met with no success. On 11 March 1848, the church's agents sold the building to another Mormon, David T. LeBaron, for $5,000. Finally, the New York Home Missionary Society expressed interested in leasing the building as a school, but around midnight on 8–9 October, 1848, the temple was set on fire. Nauvoo's residents — mostly non-Mormons and the few Mormons remaining in Nauvoo — vainly attempted to put out the fire, but the temple was gutted. James J. Strang, leader of a rival faction of Latter Day Saints, accused Young's agents of setting fire to the temple; however, these charges were never proven. On 2 April 1849 LeBaron sold the damaged temple to Étienne Cabet for $2,000. Cabet, whose followers were called Icarians, hoped to establish Nauvoo as a communistic utopia.
On 27 May 1850, the temple was struck by a tornado which toppled one wall, and Cabet ordered the demolition of two more walls in the interests of public safety, leaving only the façade standing. The Icarians used much of the temple's stone to build a new school building on the southwest corner of the temple lot. By 1857, however, most of Cabet's followers had left Nauvoo and over time many of the original stones for the temple were used in the construction of other buildings throughout Hancock County. In February 1865 Nauvoo's City Council ordered the final demolition of the last standing portion of the temple—one lone corner of the façade. Soon afterwards, all evidence of the temple disappeared, except for a hand pump over a well that supplied water to the font. Three of the original sunstones are known to have survived and are on display — one is on loan to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints' Visitor Center in Nauvoo, one is in the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C, and the third and only one that has not been restored is displayed, along with the only moonstone on display, at the Joseph Smith Historic Center (Community of Christ).
Nauvoo Illinois Temple
Between 1937 and 1962, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints reacquired the lot on which the temple stood. In 1999 church president Gordon B. Hinckley announced the rebuilding of the temple on its original footprint. After two years of construction, on 27 June 2002, the church dedicated the new temple, whose exterior is a replica of the first temple, but whose interior is laid out like a modern Latter-day Saint temple.
At its base the Nauvoo Temple was 128 feet (39 m) long and 88 feet (27 m) wide with a tower and weather vane reaching to 65 feet (20 m). The second temple of the Latter Day Saint movement was built 60% larger in dimensions than its predecessor, the Kirtland Temple. Like Kirtland, the temple contained two assembly halls, one on the first floor and one on the second, called the lower and upper courts. Both had classrooms and offices in the attic. Unlike Kirtland, it had a full basement which housed a baptismal font.
The limestone used for the original temple was quarried from a site just west of the temple. Much of that quarry, however, was submerged by rising water behind the Keokuk Dam in 1912. Therefore, Russellville, Alabama, subsidiary of Minnesota's Vetter Stone Company, was chosen by the Church to provide stone for the new temple. Church officials say the quarry was selected because it provided stone that is a close match to the limestone originally used.
The basement was reached from the spiral staircases at the northwest and southwest corners of the temple. The staircase landing was made of wood and opened to a short hallway heading East, leading to the basement proper. Between the two hallways was an unfinished room sealed off from the rest of the temple, containing an old well that had been dug but never used. The room was discovered by an anti-Mormon mob who broke through the floor of the vestibule above.
The basement proper was one hundred feet long and forty feet wide with six rooms of varying sized on either side. The sides of the rooms were stone and abutted the massive stone piers that supported


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Google Maps includes the Cedar Area Transportation Service (CATS) routes for its users. This Google Maps feature can help you find the best way to utilize CATS busses to get from one place to another in Cedar City.
Following are step-by-step instructions to use this feature.
Step 1 - go to Google Maps
Once you are there, you will see this feature in the top left-hand corner of the screen:
If you click on the "Directions" link located on the right side of the lower box, you will be given a new box. Click on the icon that looks like the front of a bus (highlighted in blue below). Once you do, you will see the following text: "Choose a starting point, or click on the map" From here, you can choose your starting point.
Below that box, you can see a box with the following text: "Choose Destination"
This is what that box looks like:
This is what the box looks like when we type the City Office's address as our starting point and the bus stop on Providence Center Drive as our destination:
With the starting point and the destination in place, just click on the magnifying glass icon, and Google Maps will generate a CATS bus route and an estimated travel time to your destination, which looks like this:
This is a great tool to help you plan your trips via CATS


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Author: Kaid Benfield
The Places to Grow land use plan for the region of Ontario around Toronto and Hamilton (image above) is one of the best I have seen. I will discuss it more below, but you can tell how well-conceived it is just by looking at the amount of protected land it saves while accommodating a tremendous amount of regional growth in population and jobs.
Planning at the regional scale is critical. As our economic, land use and transportation patterns have evolved over the last century, metropolitan areas have become increasingly important. In most parts of the country, the political boundaries established by municipalities long ago are no longer relevant to businesses' or residents' activities, to say nothing of environmental media such as air and water.
As a result, to meaningfully influence environmental impacts associated with development, land use, and transportation, we must act at a level where central cities and suburbs can be considered together. As President Barack Obama has put it, "that is the new metropolitan reality and we need a new strategy that reflects it."
Read the full article at _URL_


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(2008) *** 1/2 Unrated
127 min. Kino International. Director: Joseph Cedar. Cast: Oshri Cohen, Itay Tiran, Eli Eltonyo, Ohad Knoller, Itay Turgeman.
One of this year's five Oscar-nominated foreign films, the Israeli entry Beaufort essays the last days of the 12th Century Beaufort Castle, a mountain stronghold in Southern Lebanon. Once held by the PLO, the base was held by the Israeli army from 1982 to 2000, when the film is set. With a strategic pullout imminent, the troops begin to see the light creeping into their labyrinthine bunker, just enough for existential despair over the pointlessness of their continued presence. As adapted from Ron Leshem's novel by director Joseph Cedar and Leshem himself, Beaufort is a serious-minded examination of the soldier's mindset and the pull of territory in the Israeli collective consciousness. Cedar manages a convincing verisimilitude while dramatically summarizing the history, legacy, and significance of Beaufort and war's ever-present threat to sanity and survival.
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Transgenderism More Likely in Military, Study Finds
 (CN) - Biologically male U.S. veterans were twice as likely as their civilian counterparts to identify as female, a former military psychologist told Courthouse News, discussing a soon-to-be-published study of more than 5 million service members.
 No information has been released indicating whether the subjects of the study sought sex-reassignment surgery, or more generally disassociate with the sex of their birth.
 The study by psychologist George Brown follows up on his 1988 paper, "Transsexuals in the Military: Flight Into Hypermasculinity," which relied on interviews with 11 service members who identify as male-to-female transgender, meaning that they were born as biological males but identify as female. Many prefer the umbrella term transgender over the more narrow descriptor transsexual, which usually implies surgical alteration.
 "A striking similarity was noted in the histories of nearly all of the military gender dysphorics," the 1988 study states. "They joined the service, in their words, 'to become a real man.'"
 "Flight into Hypermasculinity" speculated that enlistment statistics could bear out the theory that male-to-female transsexuals might enlist as a way of "purging the feminine self."
 "Current military policies, in association with the proposed hypermasculine phase of transsexual development, may actually result in a higher prevalence of transsexualism in the military than in the civilian population," the 1988 study theorized.
 Brown, a veteran himself with 12 years of service in the U.S. Air Force and 13 years in the Department of Veterans Affairs, now says that his new research backs his 24-year-old hypothesis.
 "I have data from a study I did in VA that demonstrates a prevalence double that in the nonmilitary population," Brown told Courthouse News in an email. "It is unpublished data, pending presentation in San Francisco in the fall. It totally supports my 1988 work. The denominator in the study is over 5 million veterans. So, I am now confident that my early theory was correct."
 Brown, who has 118 scientific papers and abstracts under his belt, added that professional ethics prevent him from describing the study's data in further detail before its public presentation.
 In his 1988 research, Brown cited figures from Laura Giat Roberto in the Archives of Sexual Behavior that said transsexualism among males has an incidence between 1 and 37,000 and 1 and 100,000.
 Twenty years later, the American Psychological Association's Task Force on Gender Identity and Gender Variance relied on statistics that said 1 in 11,900 male-to-female transsexuals experienced gender identity disorder. It noted that transgender activists in the research community, such as University of Michigan professor Lynn Conway, say the numbers are underreported.
 It is unclear at this juncture where Brown compiled his latest data.
 Brown currently sits on the board of the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH), which publishes the Standards of Care for Gender Identity Disorders recommended by the American Psychological Association.
 Aaron Belkin, the director of the Palm Center, a research institute studying sexual minorities in the military at the University of California Los Angeles, said in a phone interview that he believed Brown's new study could make transgender soldiers more visible to the public.
 "People who oppose transgender rights and LGBT rights more broadly would have you believe that there's no such thing as transgender troops," Belkin said, using the abbreviation for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender.
 The first line of Belkin's new book, "Bring Me Men: Military Masculinity and the Benign Facade of American Empire _PHONE_," cites the "Flight Into Hypermasculinity" thesis.
 Belkin said that he was struck in particular by the fact that Brown's "path-breaking" study revealed that transgender soldiers often volunteer for the most dangerous missions.
 Belkin advocates for the military to repeal its ban on transgender enlistment, based on principle, not numbers.
 "Transgender troops should be allowed to serve because that's what's good for the military, and that's what's democratic, not because they join at higher or lower rates," Belkin said.
 Eileen Lainez, a spokeswoman at the Pentagon, declined to comment on the findings of the unreleased study or speculate about how it could affect military policy.
 Instead, she stated the Department of Defense's position on transgender service members.
 "DoD regulations don't allow transgender individuals to serve in the military, based upon medical standards for military service," Lainez told Courthouse News an email.
 Traditionally, the military has justified the medical standards barring sex changes on the basis of maintaining discipline and morale.
 As quoted in "Flight into Hypermasculinity," however, the judge advocate general for the U.S. Air Force has long questioned that rationale.
 Meanwhile, scientists outside the United States are studying how transgender individuals have acclimated to militaries that no longer ban sexual and gender minorities, such as armed forces in Canada, Israel, Spain and Thailand.
 Alan Okros, a retired Navy captain and professor at Canadian Forces College, told Courthouse News that his country lifted its ban exactly two decades ago.
 A Canadian court struck down all military barriers against sexual and gender minorities in 1992 when challenged by intelligence officer Michelle Douglas, who was fired from the Special Investigations Unit for being a lesbian.
 Okros said that Canadian society quickly adapted to the change.
 "It was at the time and it continues to be a complete nonissue," Okros said. "We have openly gay members of the CF [Canadian Forces]. They're very open about their identity. They're open about their partners."
 But cultural taboos still make it difficult to prove this integration through empirical studies, the psychologist said.
 "Members of the Canadian Forces want to be judged by one criterion only: Can you do the job?" Okros said.
 Asking a Canadian soldier about sexual and gender identity in such an environment would be "perceived as unnecessary and intrusive research," he explained.
 "Don't put a 1,000-watt spotlight on this part of my identity," Okros said, describing this mindset. "Being gay, or being aboriginal, that doesn't define me. That is an important part of who I am, but understand me as a whole person."
 Such cultural attitudes prevent the Canadian military from helping locate interview subjects for Okros' study, narrowing his pool of willing participants to just three male-to-female transgender CF service members, he said.
 Okros also lent his expertise to help shape U.S. military policy, having testified as to the unconstitutionality of Don't Ask, Don't Tell, in the Northern District of California.
 At the time, Okros said, he argued that the policy cut off gay soldiers from sharing their combat experiences with family, friends and other support networks, posing mental health risks for post-traumatic stress disorder.
 U.S. policies barring transgender service members could pose similar health risks, he added.
 Defense attorneys for Bradley Manning, the suspected source for the biggest intelligence leak in U.S. history, have argued that policies barring transgender troops took a toll on their client's mental health.
 At the Article 32 hearing, the military equivalent of a grand jury, an army investigator said she found a copy of "Flight into Hypermasculinity" in Manning's housing unit.
 Manning also read about female facial reconstructive surgery and explored a female persona, "Breanna," on the Internet, evidence from the hearing showed.
 Defense attorneys say that the military's isolating policies led Manning to attack a superior officer and destroy military property.
 Despite this line of argument, Manning's lawyers frame his alleged decision to disclose classified information as a matter of conscience, in informing the public about U.S. diplomacy and warfare through WikiLeaks.
 For now, Manning reportedly told his lawyers and the public to refer to him as male.
 Okros, the Canadian professor, said that "good ole American exceptionalism" stands in the way of the U.S. military heeding the examples of foreign nations that allow transgender enlistment.
 While the U.S. military has unique challenges and missions, the behavior of smaller groups, such as individual units and platoons, remains constant throughout the globe, he added.
 "Small group dynamics are small group dynamics are small group dynamics," Okros said. "The size, the purpose, and the role of the U.S. military are irrelevant."


text:
Joshua F Bennett (b. 1794 Kentucky) was my fraternal fourth great-grandfather. He and his family came to Texas before 1850, and were living in Travis County for the 1850 United States Federal Census. He is my "oldest" Texas ancestor, having arrived here the earliest (so far…).
According to Ancestry.com, the surname Bennett is English, derived from "the medieval personal name Benedict (Latin Benedictus meaning 'blessed'). In the 12th century the Latin form of the name is found in England alongside versions derived from the Old French form Beneit, Benoit, which was common among the Normans."
The Internet Surname Database provides the following information about surname Bennett:
This interesting surname derives from the medieval given name "Benedict", from the Latin "Benedictus" meaning blessed. This personal name owed its popularity in the Middle Ages chiefly to St. Benedict (circa 480 – 550), who founded the Benedictine order of monks at Monte Cassino, and wrote a monastic rule that formed a model for all subsequent rules. There were many versions of the name throughout Europe, and in England in the 12th Century the Latin form of the name can be found alongside versions derived from the Old French forms "Beneit" and "Benoit", which were popular among the Normans. The surname dates back to the early 13th Century (see below). London Church Records list the christening of Dennys Bennett on June 15th 1567 at St. Mary at Hill, and the christening of Thomas Bennit on December 1st 1583 at St. John's, Hackney. One John Bennett was an early emigrant to the New World; he is recorded as sailing in the "Plaine Joan" from London in May 1635, bound for Virginia. A Coat of Arms granted to a Bennett family is silver, a chevron between three red lions' heads erased. The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of William Benet, which was dated 1208, in the "Charter Rolls of Durham", during the reign of King John, known as "Lackland", 1199 – 1216. Surnames became necessary when governments introduced personal taxation. In England this was known as Poll Tax. Throughout the centuries, surnames in every country have continued to "develop" often leading to astonishing variants of the original spelling.
Most of my Bennetts were cattle ranchers, first in Texas, then in Wyoming in the early 20th century.
One Bennett brother, James Bennett, Jr, grandson of Joshua F Bennett, apparently was a "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid" kinda guy, having killed a man in San Saba County, Texas ca 1880, then fleeing to Wyoming, where he robbed several banks there and in Montana and even Canada, and was eventually killed trying to rob a bank in Glendive, Montana.
A second grandson of Joshua F was Thomas Joshua Bennett, who became a physician and was elected as president of the Texas State Medical Association:
Those Bennett boys where certainly an interesting and colorful bunch!


text:
satisfaction n1 a : the act or fact of satisfying
b : execution of an accord by performance of the substituted obligation often used in the phrase accord and satisfaction compare accord, transaction
c : a document indicating that an obligation has been satisfied [a of mortgage]
2 : the quality or state of being satisfied
Source: Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Law ©1996. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. Published under license with Merriam-Webster, Incorporated.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
To insert the value, start by using a mask to clear out the 8-bits of the pixel corresponding to the given color channel. For example, in the case of red, shift an 8-bit mask of ones left 16 bits, invert it (using the ~ operator), and "and" (&) this mask with the RGB value, which clears out the 8 bits of red and leaves the other bits unchanged. Next, shift the parameter value (red, in this case) left the same number of bits (16, in the case of red) and "or" (|) the shifted value into the pixel value.
int getRed(){
 red = (Pixel>>16);
 red = ~Pixel;
 red = Pixel<<16 | Pixel;
 return red;
What am I doing wrong according to the directions?
share|improve this question
you should be re-using the red value in subsequent operations. since red is always being assigned from some operation on Pixel, you aren't accumulating the 3 operations, just doing 3 independent operations. – jtahlborn Oct 7 '13 at 1:48
You're assigning three different values to "red". The results from the first two are overlaid by the third, so that's the only one you get. – Hot Licks Oct 7 '13 at 1:57
2 Answers 2
The problem here seems to be a fundamental problem in understanding how assignment works (in Java... and just about every imperative programming language!). For example:
red = (Pixel>>16);
red = ~Pixel;
That says:
 1. Assign to red the value of Pixel shifted by 16 bits
 2. Assign to red the value of Pixel negated bitwise. This clobbers the value of red that you calculated in the previous step.
If you want to negate the value that you calculated in step 1, then you need to do this:
red = ~red;
share|improve this answer
I believe you simply don't understand what's going on. The very first line is already incorrect:
Which means
8 bit mask of ones: 0xFF (00000000 00000000 00000000 _PHONE_)
shift left 16 bits: 0xFF << 16 (giving you 00000000 _PHONE_ 00000000 00000000)
invert it : ~ (0xFF << 16) (giving you (_PHONE_ 00000000 _PHONE_ _PHONE_)
& this mask with RGB value: result = pixel & (~(0xFF << 16))
The result is the pixel with 17th-24th bit cleared.
That's the first step (yes there are subsequent steps, as described in your homework) to set the "Red" value in pixel
I am not sure if it is your intention but what you developed has nothing to do with your question: instead of setting red value, it seems you are getting red value.
However, still, what you developed is still far from correct. e.g. you should have a similar mask with 17th-24th bits being 1 and other bits being 0, then & the pixel with this mask, and then shift the remaining value (which located at 17th-24th bits) to 0-7th bits.
I am not going to give you the actual answer because it is your work to learn from it. However I believe the hints I gave is more than enough.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
Report by James Franklin, Reporter
Thursday, August 9, 2012
WESTON Museum has been transformed into an archaeological dig pit in a bid to inspire youngsters about our past.
The Burlington Street museum will hold its Big Dig event every week day until August 21, with an exhibition teaching children about archaeology and history.
The event, the brainchild of Bournemouth University student and museum volunteer Shauni Brocklesby, features a large sand pit containing treasures for children to dig up.
They are also being taught how to write their names using Viking runes and Egyptian hieroglyphics.
Museum supervisor Adam Brown said: "We are really hoping that this will plant seeds of interest into children and advance their understanding about this amazing subject."


Specialist FMCG, retail & labelling editing and proofreading
The editing and proofreading stage of packaging and branding materials is an essential stage before products are introduced to the market.
English Monitor is able to conduct final independent checking of product labels, packaging, branding and informational materials. This is an essential stage in the quality control process to ensure that accuracy, market orientation and cultural subtleties are preserved without diluting or changing the essential content.
Brand image is a key consideration in retail, so internationally traded consumer goods within competitive sectors must develop a strong brand presence adapted to meet the cultural sensitivities, understanding consumer attitudes of the target market to ensure strong product launch and ongoing success.
Whether your product requires editing/proofreading for its retail packaging, labelling (medicines, ingredient lists etc), product descriptions, product operations manuals, flyers, posters or other advertising materials we can adapt and re-orientate them to make your message intentionally targeted to an English speaking audience.
For post-translation editing, a particular example of the need for total and unambiguous accuracy is the case of medicine labelling where dosage and dose frequency translation errors could have very serious consequences with legal implications should inaccuracies be found. Similarly, care labels on garments require particular care during editing post-translation according to the material type and aftercare instructions.
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Monthly utilities
just wondering how much do you guys pay a month for water and electricity? for single person and let's say during summer time with AC on half of the time
Both water and electricity are charged on a bimonthly basis. Water is cheap: around $200 every 2 months. Electricity can vary greatly between summer and winter due to the AC. In winter it's never more than $2000, where as the summer bill can push $3000.
2000 in winter and 3000 in summer those are every 2 months?
Yes, so it works out to be $1000 and $1500 per month in winter and summer, respectively.


Definition of Sweat
 1. of Sweat
 2. To excrete sensible moisture from the pores of the skin; to perspire.
 3. Fig.: To perspire in toil; to work hard; to drudge.
 4. To emit moisture, as green plants in a heap.
 5. To cause to excrete moisture from the skin; to cause to perspire; as, his physicians attempted to sweat him by most powerful sudorifics.
 6. To emit or suffer to flow from the pores; to exude.
 7. To unite by heating, after the application of soldier.
 8. To get something advantageous, as money, property, or labor from (any one), by exaction or oppression; as, to sweat a spendthrift; to sweat laborers.
 9. The fluid which is excreted from the skin of an animal; the fluid secreted by the sudoriferous glands; a transparent, colorless, acid liquid with a peculiar odor, containing some fatty acids and mineral matter; perspiration. See Perspiration.
 10. The act of sweating; or the state of one who sweats; hence, labor; toil; drudgery.
 11. Moisture issuing from any substance; as, the sweat of hay or grain in a mow or stack.
 12. The sweating sickness.
 13. A short run by a race horse in exercise.
Sweat Quotations
Colin Powell
Winston Churchill
Don't sweat the petty things and don't pet the sweaty things.
George Carlin
Dan Gable
Michael Jordan
More "Sweat" Quotations
Sweat Translations
sweat in Danish is svede
sweat in Dutch is zweten, transpireren
sweat in Finnish is hikoilla
sweat in French is transpirer, suer, transpiration
sweat in Italian is sudare, sudore
sweat in Portuguese is suar, suor
sweat in Spanish is sudor, sudar, transpirar
sweat in Swedish is svettas, svett
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text:
The current narrative of landscape architecture fails to highlight the significance and impact of diverse identities in the discipline. This session explores the experiences of black landscape architects and the relevant cultural narratives that inform inclusive academic and professional practice.
Learn about black landscape history and barriers to design education.
Highlight gaps in landscape architectural education and foundation as it relates to diverse/ethnic cultures.
Explore black narratives in landscape architectural history and current events.
Identify the importance of multicultural explorations in landscape architectural foundation.


text:
Preparing for a Career in Woodstock's Emergency Dispatch Centers
In Woodstock, it is the city governments that supervise of the working with procedure of 911 dispatchers. This is why there are variations in the minimum requirements essential to qualify as a 911 dispatcher. Although there is an accreditation requirement that will be administered by all city government, the choice regarding which sort of accreditation will be various.
Training requirements for 911 dispatchers will differ throughout the state. This is since city government is in charge of the working with procedure. Requirements are frequently part of a post-hire curriculum, although prospects who already have experience with any of the following may have a benefit over their competitors throughout the employing process:.
- Accreditation dealing with the National Crime Information Center (NCIC)
- Law Information Network of Kentucky (LINK) Certification
- Emergency Medical Dispatch Certification
- Police Dispatching Certification
- Fire Dispatch Certification
- Innovation Training:
- Computer Aided Dispatch
- GPS Mapping
- Authorities Radio Dispatch
Educational Options for Emergency Dispatch Personnel In Woodstock
Aside form necessary 911 operator training, prospects ought to think about getting a college degree also – since a degree is perceived as the nest way to prepare yourself for a 911 dispatcher position. There is a typical annual job growth rate of one percent in the next years leading up to 2020, which means that the competitive nature of this field will only become more competitive.
A college degree in any of the following majors are directly appropriate to anybody wishing to become a 911 dispatcher:
- Emergency Management
- Public Safety
- Bad guy Justice
- Fire Science
- Homeland Security
Woodstock Job Outlook
Woodstock is another state which has a criminal activity rate higher than the national average– particularly in regards to violent criminal offenses such and home criminal offenses such as; murder, rape, theft and theft. This is why Woodstock is ranked 38th on the United States Crime Index. Other problems concerning crimes come in the type kidnappings, drug smuggling, and human trafficking. In combination with vehicle accidents, and other unforeseen accidents, Woodstock emergency agencies are always in alarming need for skilled 911 dispatchers.
Appropriate training and experience is crucial for anyone who desires to enter this occupation. Dispatchers have to be composed and professional at all times in order to be able to correctly assist callers.
The day-to-day grind of 911 dispatchers in Woodstock may have its sets of obstacles, however it is among the most fulfilling jobs. Due to some of those obstacles, college graduates make for some of the most preferable dispatchers, considering that they are thought about to be finest equipped (mentally and mentally). The majority of callers will be distressed as well as terrified for their life. If the dispatcher slips up, this could just aggravate such scenarios. Dispatchers are essentially put in charge of caller's lives.
911 Operator Career Requirements In Woodstock
The requirements to become a 911 dispatcher in Woodstock are:
- Must type 35 wpm and pass an evaluation.
- Must finish Emergency Medical Dispatcher certification (EMD) within 3 months of hire.
- Must finish Emergency Fire Dispatcher accreditation (EFD) within 3 months of hire.
- Must become CPR accredited by the American Red Cross within 3 months of hire.
Candidates interested in becoming part of the emergency reaction team should attempt to familiarize themselves with the regional, nationwide, and international companies in charge of all the 911 dispatchers companies. A few of these companies are:
- The Woodstock APCO. The Woodstock APCO works to collaborate and modernize emergency communications throughout the state.
- The National Emergency Number Association. This group works to coordinate and improve emergency interactions across the nation, consisting of making emergency dial services readily available from voice over IP and remote mobile phone.
- The International Academies of Emergency Dispatch. The IAED works to bring the innovation of emergency dial to countries throughout the world, and push for worldwide standards.


The agencies responsible for enforcement of the Affordable Care Act issued final regulations on the ACA rule that requires employers to provide health insurance to eligible new hires within 90 days of the date an employee becomes eligible for coverage. Group health plans and insurers may not impose a waiting period that exceeds 90 days after an employee otherwise attains eligibility for coverage. Eligibility conditions based solely on the passage of time cannot exceed 90 days. Other conditions for eligibility are generally allowed, such as meeting licensing requirements, attaining a particular job classification, or successfully completing an orientation period (not to exceed one month), but may not be used to evade the waiting period limit.
Additionally, an employer may require employees to complete a certain number of hours in order to become eligible for coverage, but the hourly requirement must be capped at 1200 hours.
When an employer cannot determine whether a new employee will be working full-time, it may implement an initial measurement period to determine whether the employee meets the plan's eligibility conditions. However, coverage must made effective no later than 13 months from an eligible employee's start date (or, if the employee's start date is not the first day of a calendar month, the time remaining until the first day of the next calendar month).
However, California employers should note that California law prohibits waiting periods in excess of 60 days. Like ACA's 90-day rule, this period is measured by calendar days and begins on the day that an employee first becomes otherwise eligible for coverage. Coverage must start on either the first day of the month following the date of eligibility, or on the first day of the month following a 30-day waiting period.
The final regulations can be found at


Toxic Emotions E/M11
Balance Type
Emotions Spirit and Desitiny
Balance for
Toxic Emotions Fear Withdrawal Anger Frustration Lack of joy Embarrassment Hurt Sympathy (Excess sensitivity) Grief Disconnect Guilt Paranoia Disconnected Resentment Confused Bitterness Shame Defensive Disgust Disdain Worthless Immobilised Pointless Secrecy Intimidating Aloof Passive aggression Seething Always looking for a new answer Lying Sarcastic Teasing Blush and hide React and push back Prickly Ingratiation Complaining Direct people to be happy Superior Snide Push people away Lack of inspiration Futile
Toxic Emotions E/M11
Toxic emotions refer to the situation where the habitual presence of a particular emotion has prompted a person to turn that emotion back on itself.
For example, the client may have fear of fear or be angry that they are angry. Having lost joy, particularly over a broken relationship a person may feel hatred. If this hatred is turned back on itself, ie. if they hate feeling hatred, then they are likely to become bitter and not open up anymore to others. This secrecy will often make them appear aloof and intimidating.
Toxic emotions often lead to physical illness.
Toxic emotions should be checked and cleared particularly if someone has a diagnosed pathology in an organ or cancer.
The concept of toxic emotions is discussed by Lonny Jarrett in his book Nourishing Destiny.
Five Elements
ElementChart AspectCore EmotionCore emotionsToxic EmotionToxic Behaviour
Central Palace
anger, frustration, indecision
Resentment Confused
Passive aggression Seething Always looking for a new answer
grief; disconnect; guilt
Disdain Worthless Immobilised pointless
Superior SnidePush people awayLack of inspiration Futile
fear, anxiety; withdraw
Paranoia Disconnected
Secrecy intimidating Aloof
over thinking, worry, obsession, sympathy (Excess sensitivity)
Disgust (if advice not followed)
Ingratiation Complaining Direct people to be happy
joy or lack of joy, sadness, connection; embarrassment; Hurt
Bitterness ShameDefensive
Lying Sarcastic Teasing Blush and hide React and push back Prickly
 1. Use element modes or scan to find priority element H/L
 2. Challenge priority aspect/ aspects from list above H/L
 3. Discuss with client
 4. Activate Hardware associated with the element – muscles, cutaneous regions
 5. Hold the following points together with the VRP (choose the points associated with the involved element).
Toxic emotion points
ElementCore Pointssedate and tonify
Wood toxic emotion points
Lv4 (sedate) + Sp1 (tonify)
Water toxic emotion points
Ki3 (sedate) + Ht3 (tonify)
Fire toxic emotion points
Ht3 (sedate) + Lu10 (tonify)
Earth toxic emotion points
Sp1 (sedate) + Ki3 (tonify)
Metal toxic emotion points
Lu10 (sedate) + Lv4 (tonify)
The first point drains the aggressive qi energy, the second supports the first in removing stagnation associated with the first point. The third point drains the source of the aggressive qi and the fourth point moves this qi on through the control cycle.