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By "compatible" I mean, if $R$ is my relation and $+$ my operation, then if $aRb$ and $cRd$, then $(a+c)R(b+d)$. For an congruence relation this is claimed, but also that $R$ must be an equivalence relation, but there are relations, like $<$ that fulfill the first statement, but are not equivalence relation's. Are there any terms for such relations and are they studied in mathematics?
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You have chosen the right word, compatible is a standard technical term for the notion. – André Nicolas Feb 1 '13 at 19:33
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...are they studied in mathematics?
Considering a functional relation $R$, the compatability says, in functional notation: $R(a+c)=R(a)+R(c)$. In other words, the function preserves that operation. Of course we study examples of such relations all the time whenever we are looking at homomorphisms!
If you're asking if relations in general are studied this way, then maybe so. While searhing I came across a paper by Saunders MacLane which looks like a relevant example:
He talks about regarding a homomorphism of things in a category with an operation $S\rightarrow B/L$ instead as a "many valued function" from $S$ into $B$ (that is, every pre-image is related to the multiple things in the coset of the image). It remains "compatible", but is no longer a true function.
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Another way to look at R preserves the operation is that it commutes with it. But is this the same setup as the OP's? $aRb \wedge cRd \to (a+c)R(b+d)$ versus $R(a+b)=R(a)+R(b)$? There are obvious distinctions such as the number of arguments, implication versus equality, and also in the first case there is a conjunction and $+$, while in the latter only $+$ operator. – alancalvitti Feb 2 '13 at 2:13
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Basset history
So, is it true? Did Lafayette really give 2 basset hounds to George Washington?
The very famous British Basset - FRED
William Shakespeare
(THÉSÉE: Scene V)
A Midsummer Night's Dream
French star - Télé Z
The encyclopedia description of the Basset Hound is:
"The Basset Hound is a short-legged breed of dog of the hound family. They are scent hounds, bred to hunt by scent. Their sense of smell for tracking is second only to that of the Bloodhound. The name Basset derives from the French word "bas" meaning "low".
I will not go into all the technical details about bassets - there are more than plenty of excellent books covering the subject. Just a few facts that I found interesting.
Firstly, everyone seems agreed on the fact that Bassets are French, even though they travelled to the UK and the US where they became very popular at different times. Their first use was in hunting rabbits and hare. Being scent hounds they just trail their victims and don't actually kill them.
Once, in a field meeting in France, they were described as "paramedics"! They smell the blood of the injured animal and follow that trail till they find them. The reason their ears are so long is that they drag along the ground and this helps bring up the scents to their noses.
In France there are two distinct breeds: the Basset Hound and the Basset Artésien Normand; in other countries they do not distinguish between the two breeds.
The origins of the Basset Hound go back to the middle ages but they probably did not have exactly the same appearance as today. They started becoming popular in the latter part of the 19th century.
William Shakespeare himself even described what sounds very much like a basset hound in A Midsummer Night's Dream, in the words of Theseus :
My hounds are bred out of the Spartan kind,
So flew'd, so sanded, and their heads are hung
With ears that sweep away the morning dew;
Crook-knee'd, and dew-lapp'd like Thessalian bulls;
Slow in pursuit, but match'd in mouth like bells,
Each under each. A cry more tuneable
Was never holla'd to, nor cheer'd with horn,
In Crete, in Sparta, nor in Thessaly:
Judge when you hear.
Time magazine featured the Basset Hound in 1928 and some people think that this is what made the Basset Hound popular in the United States. I think that Fred Basset did a lot for making the breed popular in the UK, back in 1963 when Graham "gave birth" to Fred his world famous comic strip in a national newspaper.
I have often heard said that it was the Marquis de Lafayette who introduced Basset Hounds to America, offering them as a gift to George Washington. I have just read a very detailed biography on the life of Lafayette and did not see any mention of this. Ah well, I learnt plenty of other interesting things whilst reading the book, anyway.
There have been several famous Basset Hounds around the world and some connections with famous people, too. Here are just a few of them that I know about :
Droopy Dog, originally created in 1943 by Tex Avery; US
Fred Basset, comic strip created in 1963 by Graham; UK
Rosebud the Basselope, from Berke Breathed's comic strip "Bloom County"; US
Bassets in films :
Lafayette, in the 1970 Disney Film "The Aristocats"; US
Fred, in the 1977 film "Smokey and the Bandit"; US
Gabriel, in Ghost in the Shell 2 : Innocence (directed by Mamoru Oshii. Gabriel is his own dog and features in many of his films) ; US/Japan
TV Bassets :
Sherlock, on The Steve Allen Show (sung to by Elvis P in person!) on July 1st 1956; US
Flash, in the Dukes of Hazzard, 1980's; US
Cleo, The People's Choice; US
Dog, in the Columbo series; US
Quincy, from Coach; US
Sammy, from That's so Raven; US
Socrates, in Judging Amy; US
Ari, from Karen et Ari; France
Heinrich, (a German series) ; Germany
Some famous Basset Hound owners (past and present):
Queen Alexandra (wife of Edward VII) - Bijou UK; Harry Anderson - Floyd; Bob Hope - Recession; Clint Eastwood - Sidney; Candice Bergen - Dickles; Marilyn Monroe & Arthur Miller - Hugo; Rex Harrison - Homer; Anson Williams - Beau; Sara Cox - Snoop;
and not forgetting those whose bassets' names I do not know : Jean-Pierre Coff (French TV cuisine); Richard Dean Anderson (McGyver); Jake Plummer (Denver Broncos); James Earl Jones; Alton Brown; Truman Capote. Xaviera Hollander (The Happy Hooker!).
I'm sure there are plenty more.....
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Open the bib record that you want to attach the item records to.
- Click on the Summary tab.
- Click on Attach New Item.
- Select Multiple Items.
- Set Volume Caption.
- Enter first volume, then enter last volume.
- Click in the Location field and type and enter the appropriate location.
- Click in the # of Copies field and enter 1.
- Select a sheet of barcodes
- Verify that you have a sufficient number of barcodes for your task.
- Enter first barcode in sequence in the Beginning Barcode field.
- Click Yes when prompted by the dialog box to confirm the creation of the item records.
- Click Next through the various prompts.
- Click on Summary tab.
- Click Save All.
- Click on the Close button to close the bib record.
- Select None and Click OK.
Do not print labels.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Women's and Gender Studies Clothesline Project
The Clothesline project is a participatory exhibit and a visual display that bears witness and attempts to break the silence surrounding violence against women and girls. The exhibit is comprised of t-shirts decorated to represent a particular woman's or girl's experience, by the survivor herself or by someone who cares about her, or cares about the issue. The shirts are hung on a clothesline for viewing. Participants walk through the rows of clothesline to bear witness to these tragedies. The project focuses on providing healing for survivors of violence, educating the public about violence, and preventing violence. The t-shirts on the clothesline were made by VSU students, faculty, staff and persons from the Valdosta community. The Clothesline is displayed each year in October, during Domestic Violence Awareness Month.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Money laundering in construction projects
Key facts
Type of research degree
Application deadline
Ongoing deadline
Country eligibility
International (open to all nationalities, including the UK)
Mr Tristano Sainati
School of Civil Engineering, School of Law
Money laundering concerns transforming illicit profits into (apparently) lawful ones. Construction projects are susceptible to money launderings, and several judicial cases have disclosed why and how construction projects favour money laundering. For example, they are often speculative, involve large sums of money, and it is relatively easy to inflate their costs due to apparently poor delivery performance. Furthermore, the construction projects are organised in multi-layered contractual transactions and are intensive human activities; these characteristics make it possible to structure and disperse large sums of money into the economy through multiple people and organisations. There is also tacit knowledge about how construction projects can be suitable for money laundering. Money laundering can apply in simple transactions or complicated and multi-layered ones. Money laundering can apply at the micro level, e.g. small modifications in an apartment project; or can apply at macro levels involving criminal organisations orchestrating massive money laundering transactions involving several nominees and (indirectly) controlled companies. Despite the relevance of money laundering in construction projects, project management scholars have not investigated this topic extensively. The prospective PhD research will address this specific gap in knowledge and address research questions such as: Which money laundering mechanisms can be applied to construction projects? How do these mechanisms influence the budgeting, procurement and delivery of construction projects? Which remedies can limit, or prevent, money laundering in construction projects? The candidate can amend these questions to focus on those aspects that are deemed to be more relevant and practical provided the focus remains on money laundering applied to construction projects.


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Education 4 Action
'Education 4 Action' a network of individuals linked to Critical Labour Studies
'Education 4 Action is a network of individuals linked to Critical Labour Studies and others who are concerned with the privatisation of education and the growing impact of neo-liberalism on learning more generally. We aim to challenge the way public and worker education has been de-politicised and reduced in content and scope. Our aim is to raise these issues and to counter them through political action and the use of alternative forms of learning and collective discussion.
In this web space we aim to provide a set of learning materials for those interested in social and worker activism, in the context of a changing economic and social context. We provide here a series of learning materials in terms of power points and readings under various themes that we will keep expanding. We also aim to develop a repository for reports and papers related to various topics. Use these freely and suggest any more if they are in the public domain. Moreover, we are developing an A-Z of key words that will help us understand the core concepts at the heart of the changes taking place. There are other features too.


coaches' professional and leadership development. I examined how the gender composition of head coach and assistant coach mentorship moderates the relationship between the quality of mentorship and assistant coaches' leadership skills. The participants were 239 pairs of assistant and head coaches in U.S. college sports. The assistant coaches assessed the quality of mentorship with their head coaches, while the head coaches assessed their assistant coaches' leadership skills. Mentorship quality was generally related to assistant coaches' leadership skills, yet the relationships were positive and significant for dyads that involve female head coaches and not significant for dyads that involve male head coaches. The results indicate that gender composition may need to be considered in increasing the effectiveness of coaches' mentorship. The findings inform the current practices in the implementation of mentoring for coaches' leader development.
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Myles C. Dennis, Paul S.R. Goods, Martyn J. Binnie, Olivier Girard, Karen E. Wallman, Brian T. Dawson, and Peter Peeling
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the influence of graded air temperatures during repeated-sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) on performance and physiological responses. Methods: Ten well-trained athletes completed one familiarization and 4 experimental sessions at a simulated altitude of 3000 m (0.144 FIO2) above sea level. Air temperatures utilized across the 4 experimental sessions were 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, and 35°C (all 50% relative humidity). The participants performed 3 sets of 5 × 10 seconds "all-out" cycle sprints, with 20 seconds of active recovery between sprints and 5 minutes of active recovery between sets (recovery intensity = 120 W). Core temperature, skin temperature, pulse oxygen saturation, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and thermal sensation were collected. Results: There were no differences between conditions for peak power, mean power, and total work in each set (P > .05). There were no condition × time interaction effects for any variables tested. The peak core temperature was highest at 30°C (38.06°C [0.31°C]). Overall, the pulse oxygen saturation was higher at 35°C than at 20°C (P < .001; d < 0.8), 25°C (P < .001; d = 1.12 ± 0.54, large), and 30°C (P < .001; d = 0.84 ± 0.53, large). Conclusion: Manipulating air temperature between 20°C and 35°C had no effect on performance or core temperature during a typical RSH session. However, the pulse oxygen saturation was preserved at 35°C, which may not be a desirable outcome for RSH interventions. The application of increased levels of ambient heat may require a different approach if augmenting the RSH stimulus is the desired outcome.
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Valentin Bottollier, Matt R. Cross, Nicolas Coulmy, Loïc Le Quellec, and Jacques Prioux
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the test–retest reliability of the 80s-slide-test in well-trained alpine ski racers. Methods: The sample consisted of 8 well-trained alpine ski racers (age = 17.8 [0.7] y old; height = 1.80 [0.09] m; body mass = 72.1 [9.5] kg) who performed a lab-based maximal graded test on cycle ergometer and three 80s-slide-tests in 4 separate sessions. The 80s-slide-test consisting of maximal push-offs performed for 80s on a 8-ft slide board. Oxygen uptake (V˙O2) and heart rate (HR) were recorded continuously. Blood lactate ([La]b) was determined immediately prerun, followed by 3 minutes postrun. Three minutes after the completion of the session, the subjects were asked to indicate their rate of perceived exertion using Borg scale ranging from 6 to 20. Total and every 10s mean push-offs number were assessed by camera. Typical errors of measurement, intraclass correlation coefficients, and smallest worthwhile change were calculated. Results: The 80s-slide-test showed strong reliability for total push-offs number, V˙O2peak, V˙O2mean, HRpeak, and HRmean. Δ[La]b, fatigue index, and the rate of perceived exertion were moderately reliable. Conclusion: The 80s-slide-test is a reliable test for well-trained alpine ski racers and can be used easily by trainers.
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Lee Baldock, Brendan Cropley, Rich Neil, and Stephen D. Mellalieu
The stress experiences and their impact upon the daily lives and mental well-being of English Premier League professional (soccer) football coaches were explored using an in-depth qualitative design. Eight participants were interviewed using a semi-structured approach with thematic and causal network analysis revealing that (a) a range of contextually dependent demands were experienced and interpreted in relation to their situational properties; (b) many demands were appraised and emotionally responded to in a negative manner; (c) a range of coping strategies were adopted to cope with stress experiences, with many reported as ineffective; and (d) stress experiences often led to negative implications for their daily lives and eudaimonic and hedonic well-being. Positive adaptations to some demands experienced were reported and augmented perceptions of mental well-being. The findings of this study make a novel and significant contribution to understanding the interrelationships between the principal components of the stress process and the prospective links between stress and mental well-being.
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Lewis King, Sarah Jane Cullen, Jean McArdle, Adrian McGoldrick, Jennifer Pugh, Giles Warrington, and Ciara Losty
The purpose of this study was to explore the sources of stress reported by professional jockeys. In total, 15 jockeys participated in semistructured interviews that included apprentice, conditional, and senior jockeys. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data that included inductive and deductive approaches. Jockeys reported a wide range of stress sources. Four core themes were identified and categorized as competitive (current form or being in a slump, pressure, horse, injury, opponents, tactical, and race day), racing industry (weight, workload, travel demands, injury concerns, suspension, and facilities), interpersonal (trainer, other jockeys, expectations of others, support networks, and communication), and career stressors (career uncertainty, career opportunities, and transitions). The findings highlight unique stressors to the jockey population, as well as stressors common with other athlete groups. Practical applied recommendations and future research directions are provided.


+01 _PHONE_
+39 _PHONE_
Cleft Clauses in English Grammar
Naturally cleft wood in the forest.A Cleft Sentence (cleft, past participle of cleave = split) is a sentence that has been split into two clauses – a main clause and a subordinate clause – in order to emphasize one part of it. This part is often referred to as the "focus".
It is her kindness that I will remember.
– focus on "her kindness"
The reason why I've come is to discuss my future with you.
– focus on "discuss my future"
What we now need are actions rather than words.
– focus on actions
All I want for Christmas is YOU.
– focus on "you"
Structure & Usage
Cleft structures are more common in written than spoken English. This is because in spoken English we can use intonation to express emphasis. In written English intonation is of no use so we resort to this grammatical structure to help focus on a particular part of a sentence and to emphasize what we want to say. This is usually done by means of introducing it or building up to it with a kind of relative clause.
There are different types of clefts, but perhaps the most common, and the easiest to recognize, are the wh-clefts and the it-clefts.
The one who is causing trouble is John.
(a wh-cleft)
It's John who's causing us trouble.
(an it-cleft)
Here is a typical pattern of a cleft sentence:
it + be + X + subordinate clause
Case Study
Let's pretend that you took your suit to the dry-cleaners. A couple of days after you go back to collect it and find that they have ruined it. When recounting this you could simply make a statement like:
The dry-cleaner ruined my suit.
This is a simple sentence that tells us about an event in a fairly balanced way. But perhaps you are angry, upset, or annoyed at the dry-cleaner and want to express it. To do this you can use a cleft sentence which places the emphasis on the dry-cleaner, not the suit or the fact that it got ruined. Your cleft sentence could be:
It was the dry-cleaner who ruined my suit.
This cleft sentence expresses the same information in the original simple sentence "The dry-cleaner ruined my suit" by way of a main clause "It was the cleaner …" and a subordinate clause "… who ruined my suit." but places the most important piece of information closer to the beginning of the sentence.
Therefore X and the subordinate clause in the pattern above carry the same meaning as their corresponding simple sentence. However, the primary focus of the cleft construction is on an element, often marked by intonation, that introduces new information. This element appears either as X or in the subordinate clause.
Pseudo & Inverted Pseudo Clefts
Pseudo-clefts are a kind of cleft sentences in which the subordinated clause is a relative clause headed by an interrogative word.
wh-relative clause + be + X
Inverted pseudo-clefts are sentences in which the order of the two constituents is reversed.
X + be + wh-relative clause
What John gave to Mary were flowers.
Flowers were what John gave to Mary.
(inverted pseudo-cleft)
Useful Links
Clauses in English Grammar – an overview of what a clause is and how many types there are
Subordinate Clauses in English Grammar – a closer look at this particular type of clauses
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An integrated research and design initiative to provide evidence of the human benefits of nearby nature experience in cities
The National Nature Sacred Awards Program, sponsored by the TKF Foundation, is pleased to announce that it will provide $4.5 million in funding for six projects of national significance. This grant program is unusual in that each project integrates landscape design and empirical research. The collection of exceptional spaces will demonstrate how nearby nature in the city can provide sacred and spiritual experiences. Each project will combine the creation of tranquil, restorative spaces in urban environments with rigorous study of their impact on users' well-being and resilience.
These examples of high quality design and research will elevate public awareness about the necessity and value of tranquil places where people can contemplate, reflect and be restored. Each of the Open Spaces Sacred Places projects align with the TKF Foundation's mission, treating human health and the environment as an integrated whole. Each project team will create a unique and engaging green space that is designed specifically for a human population having particular needs. Located across the United States, the collection of projects will address the challenges of local populations by creating opportunities for recovery, wholeness and celebration, and contribute rigorous research that confirms the benefits of experiencing nature in urban settings.
As earlier gardens were built, the TKF Foundation began to see certain design features emerge across Open Spaces Sacred Places. As designers and communities worked together to create their unique sacred spaces, certain elements contributed to the experience of sacred:
portal — When one passes through an archway, a gate, a stand of trees, a pergola, or other marker there is a clear movement from the space of everyday life and functioning. One enters a reflective space and encounters the fascinations of nature.
path — Whether linear and well-defined, or more meandering, a path allows one to focus attention and achieve a mindfulness about the surroundings. A path can ground one with the earth while offering a sense of connection to a greater reality that is sacredness.
destination — An appealing feature or end point draws in a person to the welcoming space. The sojourn, however brief, is rewarded by a feature that encourages quiet, fascination, joy, and spiritual connection with nature.
surround — Design elements — such as plantings, fencing, or trees — provide an encompassing sense of boundary, safety and enclosure within the Open Space Sacred Place. Portal, path and destination invite one to experience a space; the sense of surround ensures that one experiences a sense of being away and an emotional separation from the stress and challenges of life.
Each of the project gardens includes these four main elements. Yet there is variety within unity as each of the project teams responded to the unique landscape or social conditions within their community. One project is a nearly linear healing garden nestled within a ravine, while another is a totally constructed site within a tornado destruction zone. Most projects also include areas for sitting or walking, with opportunities to tend plants; engage and communicate with other users; and record individual experiences in a journal (required on every site).
Each of the six diverse — yet contemplative spaces — will target and engage an urban population in need. The expected users include residents within communities that have experienced natural disasters, wounded warriors struggling through rehabilitation and members of an inner city community working toward an economic rebound. In all instances, community-based planning was used to explore and then determine how the Open Space Sacred Place would reflect the unique resources and needs of the community. Some projects will also attempt to better understand how the process of collaborative planning and stewardship of open and sacred places can improve health and wellness.
Prior to this national grant program, the TKF Foundation had funded more than one hundred Open Spaces Sacred Places in the Washington D.C. to Baltimore, Maryland region. Once installed, these spaces became cherished and beloved by their communities. Each Open Space Sacred Place contains a signature bench and visitors are invited to write a journal entry while seated in the garden. All journal entries are collected and transcribed, and within the thousands of these impromptu comments one finds remarkable, heartfelt testimonials about the power of nature to transform, heal and bring clarity through reflection. Based on these frank and powerful sharings, the TKF Foundation decided to expand the geographic scope of its funding for sacred spaces and pursue the talents of scientists to more precisely describe how people respond to nearby nature that offers special meaning.
A national call for proposals suggested these goals for the research applications — summarized in Figure 1 :
Each project has identified a population or group of people that faces particular hardships or challenges. Past research indicates that experiences in nearby nature in cities can initiate immediate positive responses, sometimes noted by a person but often below consciousness. Rapid responses can be of both body (such as stress recovery) and mind (such as improved cognitive ability). Several teams will measure this initial response or experience and the direct effects of real time experiences of Open Spaces Sacred Places.
Immediate response to a nature site may have lingering effects after a person leaves, or may carry over between site visits. There can be secondary effects or responses of individuals or groups, and may include physical, emotional and mental well-being of the user due to their site-based experience. Some of the projects will study the durable changes or impacts on a person or small social groups. Some of the reported effects pertain to a general sense of mental or emotional health. Others address how nature experiences may serve as therapy for diagnosed conditions.
Residual effects of nature experience may have more extensive secondary influences in a person's life. Urban lifestyles are complex and people are called on to function in a variety of contexts. Some projects proposed research questions about carryover effects in the workplace, home, school and community.
There has been some effort to translate previously studied benefits of the human experience of nature to economic terms. Many studies have assessed the role of landscape, the presence of trees and improved property values (known as hedonic valuation). A few have explored reduced health care costs that are a result of more-active lifestyles and increased physical activity. Some of the projects will apply valuation approaches to their benefits findings to help demonstrate the economic implications of providing high-quality green spaces for people in urban settings.
Collectively, the six projects successfully addressed the TKF Foundation's desire to create a community of science intent upon studying and communicating the impact of open, sacred places on people's health, well-being and resilience. The six projects will not only provide tranquil spaces, but will also support and confirm the benefits derived by urban residents from immersion in open and natural environments that are programmed for human revitalization. Peer-reviewed articles will report the reliable and replicable research about how urban open, sacred places contribute to the health and spirituality of people in cities.
More than 80 percent of the U.S. population and more than 50 percent of the world's population lives in urbanized areas. Cities, rather than being regarded as ecological wastelands, are now seen as the most viable and energy efficient way to provide homes and jobs for ever-growing human populations. Once regarded as leftover spaces that were waiting to be converted to "highest and best" economic use, parks and open space are increasingly recognized as essential for urban livability and quality of life.
Urban designers and planners are comprehensively integrating ecology and nature into built environments using systems approaches, such as green infrastructure, low impact development and urban landscape ecology. Expenses for these efforts are justified by call outs of better air and water quality; reduced heat island effect; and reduced carbon emissions. Recent research has shown that careful design and maintenance of urban greening facilities can also provide human health and well-being benefits, such as stress recovery, improved mental health, faster healing and improved community situations, including lower crime rates.
Yet the American experience, perhaps more so than any other nation, includes the recognition and conservation of those grand natural areas that inspire awe and instill a deep, meaningful sense of the power of nature. Once limited to wild land and rural areas, more people who are committed to city living seek to find calm, serenity and restorative experiences within the city. There is an emergent understanding that even the smallest fragments of nearby nature have the power to engage, fascinate, and satisfy one's senses. The National Open Spaces Sacred Places design and research initiative will propel greater community commitments to creating those spaces that satisfy the soul. The research, in particular, may not be able to detect the intangibles of spirituality, but will provide evidence of the health and wellbeing consequences of nature's sacredness. The results will make a compelling case for how meaningful experiences of sacred should be part of community decision making about the necessary character and qualities of parks and green space investments.


A site for free help-yourself legal resources
Grounds for Divorce in Mississippi
Divorce may be defined as the legal ending of a marriage. Married couples do not have a legal or a constitutional right to seek a divorce, but states like Mississippi generally grant divorces because to force a couple to stay married would be against public policy.
"No-fault" and "fault" are the two types of grounds, or justifications, for divorce in the United States. In some states, no-fault is the only acceptable justification for a divorce, even if fault grounds are present within the marriage. The other states, including Mississippi, allow the people involved to select either a no-fault or a fault divorce. gives a comprehensive overview of divorce law in the state of Mississippi.
The United States first adopted the concept of a no-fault divorce in the late 1960's, and nearly all of the states presently allow for some form of it. A no-fault divorce is one in which the parties do not legally fault, or blame, each other for the divorce. Some examples of the bases for a no-fault divorce include "irreconcilable differences," "irretrievable breakdown," or "incompatibility."
In Mississippi, the basis for a no-fault divorce is irreconcilable differences. Generally, one spouse cannot stop a no-fault divorce, simply because when one spouse wants a divorce and the other spouse does not, this constitutes irreconcilable differences, which justifies a no-fault divorce.
Many states require a "cooling-off" period of separation for a specific length of time before no-fault divorce proceedings can commence. During this time, the couple is required to live separate and apart with the intent that the separation will become permanent. The duration of the cooling-off period varies according to state law. In Mississippi, the final divorce decree is entered immediately, but it may be revoked at any time if the parties jointly request the court to do so.
Some states also allow fault grounds for divorce. Common fault grounds include cruelty, desertion, adultery, prison confinement, habitual intemperance (drunkenness or drug addiction), and impotency. The fault grounds for divorce in Mississippi are impotence, adultery, imprisonment or conviction of a felony, drug or alcohol abuse, insanity for a minimum three-year period, the wife being pregnant by another without the knowledge of the spouse, willful desertion for at least one year, cruel and inhumane treatment, and one spouse's lack of mental capacity to consent to the divorce.
There are two "defenses," or denials, that are allowed regarding fault divorces in Mississippi. They are collusion involving adultery and recrimination. These defenses are not used often, perhaps because they require witnesses and additional court time, which is expensive and can drag out the divorce. Another reason may be that even if the defense of recrimination is proven, it is not a complete bar to the action. Mississippi courts will typically still grant the divorce rather than require the couple to remain married when one spouse does not wish to continue the marriage.
*You can also see what a Mississippi Divorce Settlement Agreement looks like on Free Legal Aid.
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Video | Dumaguete City | Negros Oriental
Named after the National Hero of the Philippines, The Rizal Boulevard of Dumaguete City is known as one of the most visited tourist attractions in the city. Located just along the shores next to the seaport, visitors from all over the country and world are welcomed by the long majestic Rizal Boulevard. Enjoy the waterfront of Dumaguete City with friends and/or family over a picnic or a refreshing walk along the boulevard.
Watch a Video of Rizal Boulevard here:
Dr. José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda (commonly just known as Dr. Jose Rizal) is the known as the national hero of the Philippines and a polymath during the concluding Spanish colonial period of the country. Before his exile to Dapitan, Dr. Rizal was given a chance to make a stop to a nearby island. During his stop, he walked for a couple of hours along a shore, which is known today as the Rizal Boulevard of Dumaguete City.


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Remember the line in the Beatles song, Eleanor Rigby, "wearing the face that she keeps in the jar by the door"? I don't know what Paul had in mind when he wrote that but it makes me think of the different faces we wear depending on the time of day, the people we're with, and the environment we're in.
Here's a mindfulness exercise to help us notice what face we wear when, where and with whom. Pay attention to the face you present in the following situations. Make a mental note or jot down a note about each. You can even use emojis to help capture your face, For example, for those who aren't early birds, your waking up face might be a grumpy face. If you feel stressed driving to work, a tense face might fit.
Waking up face:
Arriving at work face:
Arriving home face:
Greeting partner face:
Greeting kids face:
Going to bed face:
Now review your faces and decide if there are any that you want to change, particularly if you often wear that face and it reflects a not-so-happy you. We're often unaware of the face we present to others. Here's a chance to notice.


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Generally, a local administrative unit (LAU) is an area of governmental administration below a province, region, state or other major national subdivision. Not all countries will use this term, but it can be descriptively applied anywhere.
Specifically, in the European Union (EU), LAUs are basic components of Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) regions. Two levels of Local Administrative Units (LAU) have been defined. The upper LAU level (LAU level 1, formerly NUTS level 4) is defined only for the following countries: Finland, Germany Greece, Ireland, Luxembourg, Portugal and the United Kingdom. The second LAU level (formerly NUTS level 5) consists of 95,152 municipalities or equivalent units in the 15 EU Member States (2003 situation).


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Planet Of The Cheetah People
The planet of the Cheetah People is a desert world. Where there are small lakes some plants grow, along with some small woods, but the majority of the planet is desert. The sky is a strange fluorescent pink.
The planet is alive, and is linked to the Cheetah People inhabitants. It also has a way of connecting with people, and in time will transform a person into an animal, and eventually into a Cheetah Person.
The local Cheetah Person population is usually peaceful, but when food is scarce they fight amongst themselves. Each time a fiight takes place an explosion occurs, and when the Doctor finds the Master on the planet the planet is close to destruction. With the Master partially possesses by the planet a flight between him and the Doctor hastens the destruction. The Doctor is able to transport back to Earth, but the fate of the Master and the planet is unknown.


text:
Author:Susan Dabney Smedes
|←Author Index: Sm||Susan Dabney Smedes
- Memorials of a Southern Planter (transcription project)
- "A Southern Planter's Ideals of Honor" in Southern Life in Southern Literature (reprinted from Memorials of a Southern Planter, Chapter XX, The Crown of Poverty)
- A Southern Planter's Ideals of Honor (Chapter XX-The Crown of Poverty)
Works by this author published before January 1, 1923 are in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago. Translations or editions published later may be copyrighted. Posthumous works may be copyrighted based on how long they have been published in certain countries and areas.


text:
The Proprietary Trading team at Alpiq in Olten is seeking an intern for 3 months for a project to strengthen the knowledge base and data gathering around the European gas markets.
Your main responsabilities
- Developing tools and enhancing existing and new trading models by using programming techniques, mostly applied to data scraping, storing, mining.
- Creating tools for systematic monitoring of the main European gas markets.
- Maintaining, expanding and enhancing existing tools for traders to have important information available live.
- Collaboration with Analysis teams regarding data management in order to maximize data quality.
- University degree in Data Science, Engineering, Computer Science or Quantitative Economics
- 0-5 years of experience in a similar role
- Strong Coding (R, Python, etc.) and database skills (SQL)
- Understanding of energy markets is a plus
- Fluency in English required
Um sich für diesen Job zu bewerben, besuche bitte jobs.alpiq.com.


text:
Mini private key format
The mini private key format is a method of encoding a Bitcoin private key in as few as 22 characters so that it can be embedded in a small space. This private key format was first used in Casascius physical bitcoins, and is also favorable for use in QR codes. The fewer characters encoded in a QR code, the lower dot density can be used, as well as more dots allocated to error correction in the same space, significantly improving readability and resistance to damage. The mini private key format offers its own built-in check code as a small margin of protection against typos.
An example key using this encoding is S4b3N3oGqDqR5jNuxEvDwf.
Usage on a physical bitcoin
The way it might appear within a physical bitcoin is on a round card printed as follows:
To import the minikey in a user-friendly way the browser-wallet StrongCoin can be used.
The private key encoding consists of 22, 26, or 30 alphanumeric characters from the base58 alphabet used in Bitcoin. The first of the characters is always the uppercase letter S.
There are two methods to obtain the full 256-bit private key. One involves SHA256, and the other involves PBKDF2. A simple test must be performed to determine which method shall be used:
- Add a question mark to the end of the mini private key string.
- Take the SHA256 hash of the entire string. However, we will only looking at the first two bytes of the result.
- If the first byte is 00, then the private key must be computed as simply SHA256(minikey). The question mark is not part of this computation.
- If the first byte is 01, then the private key must be computed using PBKDF2. The second byte determines the iteration count that will be passed into the PBKDF2 function. The iteration count is determined as follows: 2 ^ (n/4) rounded to the nearest integer, where n is the second byte. For example, if the second byte is 0x28, then 4096 iterations will be used. The salt string is "Satoshi Nakamoto". The Bitcoin client imposes an upper limit on the value of n, which is currently 0x40, or 65536 iterations, and rejects the key as invalid beyond the limit.
Example with SHA256
Here is an example with the sample private key S4b3N3oGqDqR5jNuxEvDwf.
The string "S4b3N3oGqDqR5jNuxEvDwf?" has a SHA256 value that begins with 00, so it uses SHA256.
To obtain the full 256-bit private key, simply take the SHA256 hash of the entire string. There is no encoding for breaks in the string even if printed that way - the SHA256 should be taken of exactly twenty-two bytes.
SHA256("S4b3N3oGqDqR5jNuxEvDwf") = 0C28FCA386C7A227600B2FE50B7CAE11EC86D3BF1FBE471BE89827E19D72AA1D
Example with PBKDF2
Here is an example with the sample private key SmbM4uRBu2mQymCsuMKkiW.
The string "SmbM4uRBu2mQymCsuMKkiW?" has a SHA256 value that begins with 01 30 (hex), so it will use PBKDF2 with 4096 iterations.
To obtain the full 256-bit private key, evaluate the PBKDF2 function as follows:
PBKDF2("SmbM4uRBu2mQymCsuMKkiW", "Satoshi Nakamoto", 4096, 32bytes) = 80366610e37e56c5125aee358ab51326a15f6586d658b90bb881a6116b06853c
The PBKDF2 key derivation algorithm is shared by the WPA-PSK encryption method used on WiFi networks. It also happens to also use 4096 iterations and 32 bytes of key, so a standard WPA key calculator can be used to test and confirm this particular result, simply by entering "Satoshi Nakamoto" as the SSID and "SmbM4uRBu2mQymCsuMKkiW" as the password.
The mini private key format offers a simple typo check code. Mini private keys must be generated in a "brute force" fashion, keeping only keys that conform to the format's rules. If a key is well-formed (22, 26, or 30 Base58 characters starting with S), but fails the hash check, then it probably contains a typo.
If the SHA256 hash of the string followed by '?' doesn't result in something that begins with 0x00 or 0x01, the mini private key is not valid.
If it starts with 0x01, but the second byte is higher than the allowed maximum (0x30), the mini private key is invalid. Note that the maximum is likely to be increased as computing power advances.
Creating mini private keys
Creating mini private keys is relatively simple. One program which can create such keys is Casascius Bitcoin Utility.
Mini private keys must be created "from scratch", as the conversion from mini private key to full-size private key is one-way. In other words, there is no way to convert an existing full-size private key into a mini private key.
To create mini private keys, simply create random strings that satisfy the well-formedness requirement, and then eliminate the ones that do not pass the typo check. (This means eliminating more than 99% of the candidates.) Then use the appropriate algorithm to compute the corresponding private key, and in turn, the matching Bitcoin address. The Bitcoin address can always be computed from just the private key.
It is highly recommended to use the PBKDF2 function and select at least 4096 rounds. (This means selecting strings as keys whose SHA256(string+"?") begins with 0x0128). Mini private keys offer a minimum of entropy, so the more rounds you choose, the stronger your keys will resist advances in technology to do brute-force cracks.
The SHA256 function is provided for the convenience of hardware and software environments that offer very limited computational power, such as microcontrollers. It provides for the ability to generate a valid mini private key with, on average, 256 operations of SHA256. However, it also offers the lowest brute force attack resistance. Such keys are only suitable for situations where a "throwaway" Bitcoin address is needed, such as on a coupon or ticket where the amount will be spent soon, as opposed to an address where bitcoins will be kept long term. The strongest possible PBKDF2-based keys should always be preferred in any environment where generating them is possible.
In all cases, you must use a secure cryptographic random number generator to eliminate risks of predictability of the random strings.
The 22-character mini private key code appears to offer about 123 bits of entropy, determined as log2(58^21). (Because the first character is fixed, there are 21 symbols which can each have one of 58 values).
The 26-character version offers about 146 bits of entropy by the same calculation. The 30-character version offers over 169 bits, which exceeds the 160-bits found in a Bitcoin address.
The following code produces sample SHA256-based mini private keys in Python. For real-world use, random must be replaced with a better source of entropy, as the Python documentation for random states the function "is completely unsuitable for cryptographic purposes".
import random import hashlib BASE58 = '123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz' def Candidate(): """ Generate a random, well-formed mini private key. """ return('%s%s' % ('S', ''.join( [BASE58[ random.randrange(0,len(BASE58)) ] for i in range(21)]))) def GenerateKeys(numKeys = 10, additionalSecurity = False): """ Generate mini private keys and output the mini key as well as the full private key. numKeys is The number of keys to generate, and """ keysGenerated = 0 totalCandidates = 0 while keysGenerated < numKeys: try: cand = Candidate() # Do typo check t = '%s?' % cand # Take one round of SHA256 candHash = hashlib.sha256(t).digest() # Check if the first eight bits of the hash are 0 if candHash == '\x00': privateKey = GetPrivateKey(cand) print('\n%s\nSHA256( ): %s\nsha256(?): %s' % (cand, privateKey, candHash.encode('hex_codec'))) if CheckShortKey(cand): print('Validated.') else: print('Invalid!') keysGenerated += 1 totalCandidates += 1 except KeyboardInterrupt: break print('\n%s: %i\n%s: %i\n%s: %r\n%s: %.1f' % ('Keys Generated', keysGenerated, 'Total Candidates', totalCandidates, 'Additional Security', additionalSecurity, 'Reject Percentage', 100*(1.0-keysGenerated/float(totalCandidates)))) def GetPrivateKey(shortKey): """ Returns the hexadecimal representation of the private key corresponding to the given short key. """ if CheckShortKey(shortKey): return hashlib.sha256(shortKey).hexdigest() else: print('Typo detected in private key!') return None def CheckShort


text: One of the mathematical tools to measure the generation rate of new patterns along a sequence of symbols is the Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZ). Under additional assumptions, LZ is an estimator of entropy in the Shannon sense. Since entropy is considered as a measure of randomness, this means that LZ can be treated also as a randomness indicator. In this paper, we used LZ concept to the analysis of different flow regimes in cold flow combustor models. Experimental data for two combustor's configurations motivated by efficient mixing need were considered. Extensive computer analysis was applied to develop a complexity approach to the analysis of velocity fluctuations recorded with hot-wire anemometry and PIV technique. A natural encoding method to address these velocity fluctuations was proposed. It turned out, that with this encoding the complexity values of the sequences are well correlated with the values obtained by means of RMS method (larger/smaller complexity larger/smaller RMS). However, our calculations pointed out the interesting result that most complex, this means most random, behavior does not overlap with the "most turbulent" point determined by the RMS method, but it is located in the point with maximal average velocity. It seems that complexity method can be particularly useful to analyze turbulent and unsteady flow regimes. Moreover, the complexity can also be used to establish other flow characteristics like its ergodicity or mixing.


D Frequently Asked Questions on Oracle Label Security
This appendix attempts to answer some of the most common and frequently asked questions on Oracle Label Security.
Who uses Oracle Label Security?
Sensitivity labels are used to categorize data in virtually every industry. These industries include health care, law enforcement, energy, retail, national security, and defense industries. The following list gives some examples of sensitivity labels:
How can Oracle Label Security address my security needs?
Oracle Label Security can be used to label data and restrict access with a high degree of granularity. This is especially useful when multiple organizations or companies share a single application. Sensitivity labels can be used to restrict application users to an organization or to a subset of data within an organization.
Data privacy is important to consumers and regulatory measures continue to be announced. Oracle Label Security can be used to implement privacy policies on data, restricting access to only those who have a need-to-know.
Should I use Oracle Label Security to protect all my tables?
No. The traditional Oracle discretionary access control (DAC) object privileges such as SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE combined with database roles and stored procedures are sufficient in most cases.
What is the difference between Oracle Virtual Private Database and Oracle Label Security?
Oracle Virtual Private Database (VPD) is provided at no additional cost with the Enterprise Edition of Oracle Database. Oracle Label Security is an add-on security option for the Oracle Database Enterprise Edition.
Oracle VPD is a term used for several powerful security features like, fine grained access control (FGAC), application context and global application context. VPD policies are written using PL/SQL, and can be assigned to an individual table or view. An information request, that accesses a table or view protected by VPD, is modified according to the policy assigned to the table or view.
VPD policies can be as simple as enforcing access during business hours. VPD policies can restrict access by comparing the value of an attribute in an individual row with an application context value. Global application context allows an application context to be accessed across multiple database sessions, reducing or eliminating the need to create a separate application context for each user session.
Oracle Label Security is an out-of-the-box solution for row level security. No coding or software development is required, allowing the administrator to focus completely on the policy. Oracle Label Security provides an interface for creating policies, specifying enforcement options, defining data sensitivity labels, establishing user label authorizations, and protecting individual tables or schemes.
Data sensitivity labels provide a powerful and flexible method of restricting access to data. For example, data belonging to different organizations or companies can be separated using data sensitivity labels and selectively shared between companies by changing the data sensitivity label.
Depending on the complexity of the security policy, Oracle Virtual Private Database may be the preferred method for implementing your security policy. Oracle Label Security is best suited for situations where access control decisions need to be based on the sensitivity of the information.
Can I combine Virtual Private Database and Oracle Label Security?
Yes. The following scenarios are possible:
Can I use Oracle Label Security with the Oracle E-Business Suite?
Oracle Applications are using Oracle VPD to provide new functionality and security protections.
The following Best Practices document can be found on the Oracle Technology Network Web site:
Can I use Oracle Label Security with Oracle Database Vault?
You can protect Oracle Database Vault tables using Oracle Label Security just as you would do for an Oracle Database table.
In addition, Oracle Label Security can be used together with Database Vault features. You can assign Oracle Label Security labels to Database Vault Factors. These labels are then merged with the user clearance labels, following the algorithms documented in chapter 4.4.5 of the OLS admin guide: "Merging Labels with the MERGE_LABEL Function", before access control decisions are being made by comparing the merged user labels with the row labels.
The following example on the Oracle Technology Network Web site also discusses using Oracle Label security alongwith Oracle Database Vault features:
Does Oracle Label Security provide column-level access control?
No, Oracle Label Security is not column aware. This behavior is available with Virtual Private Database (VPD). A VPD policy can be written so that it only becomes active when a certain column is part of a SQL statement against a protected table. If the column sensitivity switch is on, then VPD either returns only those rows for which the sensitive column values are accessible to the user, or it returns all rows with all cells in the sensitive column being empty, except those values that the user is allowed to see.
The following link on the Oracle Technology Network Web site contains an example:
A column-sensitive VPD policy can determine access to a specific column by evaluating OLS user labels.
Can I base Secure Application Roles on Oracle Label Security?
Yes. The procedure that determines if the SET ROLE command is executed can evaluate OLS user labels. In this case, the OLS policy does not need to be applied to a table, since row labels are not part of this solution.
What are Trusted Stored Program Units?
Stored procedures, functions and packages execute with the system and object privileges (DAC) of the definer. If the invoker is a user with Oracle Label Security user clearances (labels), the procedure executes with a combination of the definer's DAC privileges and the invoker's security clearances.
Trusted stored procedures are procedures that are either granted the OLS privilege FULL or READ. When a trusted stored program unit is run, the policy privileges in force are a combination of the invoking user's privileges and the program unit's privileges.
Does VPD or OLS add an additional column to the protected table?
When you apply an Oracle Label Security (OLS) policy to a table, the policy adds an additional column to the table. The name of this column needs to be specified when the policy is initially created.
An existing column can be used to store the OLS row labels. This column must have the NUMBER(10) datatype.
Virtual Private Database (VPD) does not add an additional column to the protected table.
Why should the additional OLS row label column be hidden?
Most applications were not designed with access control mechanisms in mind, so Oracle Label Security (OLS) needs to do this transparently.
When an application queries a table with a SELECT FROM tablename statement, it returns all columns, including the unhidden label column. Existing applications may not be designed to display an additional column, and malfunction. However, if the label column is hidden, then it is displayed only when it's name is included in the SQL statement. A SELECT FROM tablename would return all columns as expected by the application, excluding the hidden OLS column.
Where can I find Oracle Label Security?
Oracle Label Security ships with the Oracle Database Enterprise Edition CD. Oracle Label Security is not installed as part of the default Oracle installation. You need to perform a custom installation to add Oracle Label Security to the database.


text:
- Key value store
- Run on large number of commodity machines
- Data are partitioned and replicated among these machines
- Relax the data consistency requirement. (because the CAP theorem proves that you cannot get Consistency, Availability and Partitioning at the the same time)
The underlying data model can be considered as a large Hashtable (key/value store).
The basic form of API access is
- get(key) -- Extract the value given a key
- put(key, value) -- Create or Update the value given its key
- delete(key) -- Remove the key and its associated value
- execute(key, operation, parameters) -- Invoke an operation to the value (given its key) which is a special data structure (e.g. List, Set, Map.... etc).
- mapreduce(keyList, mapFunc, reduceFunc) -- Invoke a map/reduce function across a key range.
The underlying infratructure is composed of large number (hundreds or thousands) of cheap, commoditized, unreliable machines connected through a network. We call each machine a physical node (PN). Each PN has the same set of software configuration but may have varying hardware capacity in terms of CPU, memory and disk storage. Within each PN, there will be a variable number of virtual node (VN) running according to the available hardware capacity of the PN.
Data partitioning (Consistent Hashing)
Since the overall hashtable is distributed across many VNs, we need a way to map each key to the corresponding VN.
One way is to use
partition = key mod (total_VNs)
The disadvantage of this scheme is when we alter the number of VNs, then the ownership of existing keys has changed dramatically, which requires full data redistribution. Most large scale store use a "consistent hashing" technique to minimize the amount of ownership changes.
In the consistent hashing scheme, the key space is finite and lie on the circumference of a ring. The virtual node id is also allocated from the same key space. For any key, its owner node is defined as the first encountered virtual node if walking clockwise from that key. If the owner node crashes, all the key it owns will be adopted by its clockwise neighbor. Therefore, key redistribution happens only within the neighbor of the crashed node, all other nodes retains the same set of keys.
To provide high reiability from individually unreliable resource, we need to replicate the data partitions.
Replication not only improves the overall reliability of data, it also helps performance by spreading the workload across multiple replicas.
While read-only request can be dispatched to any replicas, update request is more challenging because we need to carefully co-ordinate the update which happens in these replicas.
Notice that virtual nodes can join and leave the network at any time without impacting the operation of the ring.
When a new node joins the network
- The joining node announce its presence and its id to some well known VNs or just broadcast)
- All the neighbors (left and right side) will adjust the change of key ownership as well as the change of replica memberships. This is typically done synchronously.
- The joining node starts to bulk copy data from its neighbor in parallel asynchronously.
- The membership change is asynchronously propagate to the other nodes.
Notice that other nodes may not have their membership view updated yet so they may still forward the request to the old nodes. But since these old nodes (which is the neighbor of the new joined node) has been updated (in step 2), so they will forward the request to the new joined node.
On the other hand, the new joined node may still in the process of downloading the data and not ready to serve yet. We use the vector clock (described below) to determine whether the new joined node is ready to serve the request and if not, the client can contact another replica.
When an existing node leaves the network (e.g. crash)
- The crashed node no longer respond to gossip message so its neighbors knows about it.
- The neighbor will update the membership changes and copy data asynchronously
We haven't talked about how the virtual nodes is mapped into the physical nodes. Many schemes are possible with the main goal that Virtual Node replicas should not be sitting on the same physical node. One simple scheme is to assigned Virtual node to Physical node in a random manner but check to make sure that a physical node doesn't contain replicas of the same key ranges.
Notice that since machine crashes happen at the physical node level, which has many virtual nodes runs on it. So when a single Physical node crashes, the workload (of its multiple virtual node) is scattered across many physical machines. Therefore the increased workload due to physical node crashes is evenly balanced.
Once we have multiple copies of the same data, we need to worry about how to synchronize them such that the client can has a consistent view of the data.
There is a number of client consistency models
- Strict Consistency (one copy serializability): This provides the semantics as if there is only one copy of data. Any update is observed instantaneously.
- Read your write consistency: The allows the client to see his own update immediately (and the client can switch server between requests), but not the updates made by other clients
- Session consistency: Provide the read-your-write consistency only when the client is issuing the request under the same session scope (which is usually bind to the same server)
- Monotonic Read Consistency: This provide the time monotonicity guarantee that the client will only see more updated version of the data in future requests.
- Eventual Consistency: This provides the weakness form of guarantee. The client can see an inconsistent view as the update are in progress. This model works when concurrent access of the same data is very unlikely, and the client need to wait for some time if he needs to see his previous update.
Depends on which consistency model to provide, 2 mechanisms need to be arranged...
- How the client request is dispatched to a replica
- How the replicas propagate and apply the updates
Master Slave (or Single Master) Model
Under this model, each data partition has a single master and multiple slaves. In above model, B is the master of keyAB and C, D are the slaves. All update requests has to go to the master where update is applied and then asynchronously propagated to the slaves. Notice that there is a time window of data lost if the master crashes before it propagate its update to any slaves, so some system will wait synchronously for the update to be propagated to at least one slave.
Read requests can go to any replicas if the client can tolerate some degree of data staleness. This is where the read workload is distributed among many replicas. If the client cannot tolerate staleness for certain data, it also need to go to the master.
Note that this model doesn't mean there is one particular physical node that plays the role as the master. The granularity of "mastership" happens at the virtual node level. Each physical node has some virtual nodes acts as master of some partitions while other virtual nodes acts as slaves of other partitions. Therefore, the write workload is also distributed across different physical node, although this is due to partitioning rather than replicas
When a physical node crashes, the masters of certain partitions will be lost. Usually, the most updated slave will be nominated to become the new master.
Master Slave model works very well in general when the application has a high read/write ratio. It also works very well when the update happens evenly in the key range. So it is the predominant model of data replication.
There are 2 ways how the master propagate updates to the slave; State transfer and Operation transfer. In State transfer, the master passes its latest state to the slave, which then replace its current state with the latest state. In operation transfer, the master propagate a sequence of operations to the slave which then apply the operations in its local state.
The state transfer model is more robust against message lost because as long as a latter more updated message arrives, the replica still be able to advance to the latest state.
Even in state transfer mode, we don't want to send the full object for updating other replicas because changes typically happens within a small portion of the object. In will be a waste of network bandwidth if we send the unchanged portion of the object, so we need a mechanism to detect and send just the delta (the portion that has been changed). One common approach is break the object into chunks and compute a hash tree of the object. So the replica can just compare their hash tree to figure out which chunk of the object has been changed and only send those over.
In operation transfer mode, usually much less data need to be send over the network. However, it requires a reliable message mechanism with delivery order guarantee.
Multi-Master (or No Master) Model
If there is hot spots in certain key range, and there is intensive write request, the master slave model will be unable to spread the workload evenly. Multi-master model allows updates to happen at any replica (I think call it "No-Master" is more accurate).
If any client can issue any update to any server, how do we synchronize the states such that we can retain client consistency and also eventually every replica will get to the same state? We describe a number of different approaches in following...
Quorum Based 2PC
To provide "strict consistency", we can use a traditional 2PC protocol to bring all replicas to the same state at every update. Lets say there is N replicas for a data. When the data is update, there is a "prepare" phase where the coordinator ask every replica to confirm whether each of them is ready to perform the update. Each of the replica will then write the data to a log file and when success, respond to the coordinator.
After gathering all replicas responses positively, the coordinator will initiate the second "commit" phase


text:
Successful Presentations in English is a video-led course with accompanying coursebook. It can be used in class, or for self-study.
Successful Presentations teaches students the skills they need for effective and confident communication in presentations in English. Successful Presentations guides the student step-by-step towards creating and delivering a successful presentation, from planning to conclusion. Video clips illustrate the skills in action. Specialist coach Andrew Mallett lends his expertise in presenting and in business communication to the series, providing expert analysis for each clip.
The communication skills taught in the video and accompanying tasks can help both native and non-native users of English with their presentations. The language exercises in the coursebook are suitable for learners of English of an intermediate level or above.
There are eight units which cover different aspects of the skill, such as preparing a presentation, using visual aids, and handling questions.
1. Preparing for a presentation
2. Structuring your presentation
3. Introducing your presentation
4. Delivering your message
5. Using visual aids
7. Handling questions
8. Bringing it alive!
Kapcsolódó link:Successful Presentations Kiadványok listázása megrendeléshez...


text:
How Sierra Nevada does it:
FuelCell Energy has upgraded its 1 megawatt Direct Fuel Cell (DFC) power plant at Sierra Nevada Brewing Co. to use fuel created from a waste byproduct of the brewing process.
The brewery's fuel cell power plant had been running on natural gas. Now, in an effort to increase efficiency and be more environmentally friendly, it runs on the brewery by-product methane.
Manufacturing.net reports that 20-40% reduction in fuel costs for the plant is possible by the 250 to 400 kilowatts of electricity that it can produce via biogas.


_PHONE_
Recently, Hospice Austin asked our staff to define what bravery means to them and to give an example of courageous behavior that they've witnessed over the past year either from themselves or from others – a patient, patient's family member or colleague. This response is from Hospice Austin Nurse Molly Chudleigh.
What is your definition of bravery? What does being brave mean to you?
Bravery to me is standing up for what's right when it's hard to do. It's choosing to do the right thing, over the popular thing. It's a willingness to go at something alone or with others even in the face of uncertainty. Bravery is having the strength to be vulnerable.
Do you have a story or example of being brave this past year?
I see bravery in every family and patient that elects hospice care and chooses to help themselves or a loved one die with dignity. I see bravery in every patient who is aware that they are in their final days of life and embrace their family and friends and seek connection. I also witnessed bravery this year especially in all of the nurses in the beginning of the pandemic who fearlessly and unselfishly volunteered to take care of COVID-19 patients and all the sacrifices they were willing to make even if it meant becoming ill themselves.
Do you have a story or example of a patient or family being brave this past year?
I recently met a patient and his wife the ER because the patient was struggling at home with severe agitation, weakness, and having continuous falls. He had advanced dementia and was unaware of his physical limitations. The wife suffered a bad injury and had severe pain, but she stayed by her husband's side even if it meant risking further injury to her or abuse from him. In the face of grieving the loss of her husband's cognitive function (and awareness that he didn't know who she was), she wanted to be there for him in every way possible because she knew in her heart that he would do that for her. She was so vulnerable and hurting, physically and emotionally, but she stayed by his side in the hospital. She was advocating for him, making difficult decisions for his safety, and navigating it all in spite of being physically injured and exhausted. She was so brave.
Do you have a story or example of one of your team members being brave?
Hospice social workers have a really tough job. They consistently have the most difficult conversations with families and patients. Caroline Gonzales does this over and over again in the hospital setting. There are a not a lot of great opportunities nor an ideal time and space in the hospital to have these types of conversations, not to mention just having to overcome the anxiety or fear of walking into a hospital during a pandemic. There are often many moving parts and a great deal of uncertainty of prognosis during the course of a hospitalization, and social workers like Caroline are very brave every time they enter conversations with families about directives and final arrangements. It's the right thing to do, but it is the hardest thing to do, in my opinion.
What are your hopes and goals for 2021?
I hope to connect more with my team members and colleagues in 2021. I started working for Hospice Austin (again) just before the pandemic hit and really miss face-to face interactions and find being socially distant from everyone makes an already pretty autonomous job a little lonelier. I look forward to more opportunities to see whole faces and connect with the amazing staff and people of Hospice Austin.
Molly Chudleigh
Hospice Austin RN


text:
(Natural News) It looks like Nature is still weird and wonderful. Researchers have looked into a phenomenon where shrew heads shrink in winter and return to normal size come spring, reported the Daily Mail.
Like other animals, shrews sometimes struggle to survive during winter. It can be hard to gather enough food during this harsh season, and a group of researchers has discovered that shrew skulls shrink by at least 20 percent before winter approaches. While the reason for this is still shrouded in mystery, it appears that shrews shrink their skulls to prepare for cold weather.
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in Germany have found that the size of a shrew's head will change depending on the season. This occurrence is also known as "Dehnel's phenomenon." The lead author of the study, Dr. Javier Lazaro, said, "We found that each shrew undergoes a dramatic decrease in braincase size from summer to winter."
He continued, "Then, in spring, the braincase regrows, almost reaching the original size in the second summer."
Previous studies have already noted the occurrence of shrew heads shrinking as the seasons change, but this study is the first to monitor individual animals and record the phenomenon. The study took place from the summer of 2014 to the autumn of 2015.
Using live traps, researchers captured 12 shrews. The animals that underwent observation were anesthetized before their skulls were X-rayed. Researchers also implanted microchips in the shrews' skulls for easier identification. Based on the X-ray results, the shrews' heads did indeed shrink as the seasons changed.
The twelve shrews were caught during all three stages. The animals exhibited the same pattern: summer meant a peak head size, their skulls shrank in winter, and the skulls returned to normal size during spring.
Despite the data collated, researchers are still trying to determine the exact reason for Dehnel's phenomenon. And it's not just their skulls that shrink – the entire body of a shrew decreases in size, along with its major organs, spine, and brain. Shrews are notable for their high metabolism, and the researchers believe that the phenomenon helps shrews survive during winter.
Because shrews don't migrate or hibernate for winter like other animals, Dr. Lazaro posited that the phenomenon may be due to the shrew's efforts to increase their probability of survival. He added, "The partial regrowth into the adult phenotype in spring may then increase competitiveness during their only reproductive period when both sexes expand and aggressively defend their territories."
It is yet to be determined how the shrew skulls shrink, but some evidence suggests that their braincase shrinks when tissue is reabsorbed
Fast facts on shrews
- The Etruscan shrew (scientific name: Suncus etruscus), measuring at an estimated 3.5 cm and two grams, is the smallest living terrestrial mammal.
- The masked or common shrew's heart (scientific name: Sorex cinereus) beats 800 times a minute. This is notably faster than a hummingbird's heartbeat.
- Shrews need to consume at least 80 to 90 percent of their own body weight in food daily. Most shrews can starve to death if deprived of food for half a day. These animals will eat anything, but shrews prefer small animals. Shrews also help destroy insects and slugs that harm crops.
- Shrews are easily startled. They will jump, faint, or drop dead at sudden noises.
Are you enjoying this article? You can find similar animal news and how nature is fun and wonderful at WeirdScienceNews.com.


Cassette Tape
There are 32 games documented on PixelatedArcade supporting Cassette Tape for TRS-80.
(View for All Systems)
Cassette Tape is part of the category Media.
Beginning in the 1970's, many home computers allowed the use of a cassette tape for storing and loading data. They offered an economical way of storing large (for the time) programs or data. Users would need to manually start and stop the cassette player while the computer read the data. In some cases, games that were released on cassette included versions for two or more different systems on a single cassette; in this case users would need to forward or rewind the cassette to a certain point first in order for the computer to load the correct version of the program. By the early 80's use of cassette tapes began to decline as 5.25" disks became more affordable.
Click on a picture below to view a larger version.
Atari 410 Program Recorder
Cassette player and recorder for the Atari 400 and Atari 800 computers
Texas Instruments Program Recorder
Cassette player and recorder for the TI-99/4 and TI-99/4A computers.
Commodore C2N Cassette Unit
Cassette player and recorder for Commodore PET, VIC-20, C64, and C128 computers.


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Here's another resource in our ongoing coverage of query techniques:
Learn how to create queries to find all the records in one table that don't have corresponding records in another table. If you're not familiar with the difference between Inner Join, Outer Join, Left Join and Right Join, check out our paper on Microsoft Access Outer Join Query: Finding All Records in One Table but Not Another and Creating "Not In" Queries on these important query feature. It'll save you tons of time trying to code this yourself and will surely give you new ideas on how to better retrieve and analyze your data. The techniques apply to both Microsoft Access and SQL Server queries.


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- C. Ooi and B. B. Yellen, Field gradients can control the alignment of nanorods,
Langmuir, vol. 24 no. 16
pp. 8514 -- 8521.
(last updated on 2009/08/04)
This-work is motivated by the unexpected experimental observation that field gradients can control the alignment of nonmagnetic nanorods immersed inside magnetic fluids. In the presence of local field gradients, nanorods were observed to align perpendicular to the external field at low field strengths, but parallel to the external field at high field strengths. The switching behavior results from the competition between a preference to align with the external field (orientational potential energy) and preference to move into regions of minimum magnetic field (positional potential energy). A theoretical model is developed to explain this experimental behavior by investigating the statistics of nanorod alignment as a function of both the external uniform magnetic field strength and the local magnetic field variation above a periodic array of micromagnets. Computational phase diagrams are developed which indicate that the relative population of nanorods in parallel and perpendicular states can be adjusted through several control parameters. However, an energy barrier to rotation was discovered to influence the rate kinetics and restrict the utility of this assembly technique to nanorods which are slightly shorter than the micromagnet length. Experimental results concerning the orientation of nanorods inside magnetic fluid are also presented and shown to be in strong agreement with the theoretical work.


Clio Logo
This small building was constructed circa 1820 and served as a stopover for a stagecoach route that passed through Danville. Nathaniel Webster, the third cousin to Daniel Webster and the town's first postmaster, operated the post office from this building. Passengers could buy refreshments at this location while their horses rested and carriages repaired. Early customer accounts remain intact, written on the wall. The history of this stagecoach stop demonstrates the importance of the stagecoach for travel, commerce, and mail delivery.
This building was a stagecoach stop operated by Nathaniel Webster, a cousin of Daniel Webster, throughout most of the 19th century. Nathaniel was the first designated postmaster of Danville (then Hawke), from 1825 to 1836. Webster conducted postal operations from his homestead, and maintained a small general store in this small building. Town history describes it as being a layover for scheduled stagecoach routes passing through Danville and delivering the mail, where coach passengers could buy refreshments and provisions while the horses were being rested, watered and fed in the adjoining stable.
The stable was removed and reconstructed elsewhere in the 1980s. Thanks to local preservationists, the stagecoach building remains essentially as it was built, providing a snapshot of the site of the first recorded postal activity in town, as well as a facet of early public transportation in a by-gone era. It is possible, although not confirmed, that the building may be the last remaining of such structures in New Hampshire in its original state.
Town of Danville Heritage Commission, Webster Stagecoach and Store. Accessed March 19th 2020.


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The Boonshoft Museum of Discovery, just north of downtown Dayton, has its roots in the city's Museum of Natural History, which opened in 1893, and in a civic movement to create a children's museum in 1993. The two efforts merged in 1999, and Boonshoft was born.
Although the mission of the museum focuses on children, its exhibits provide science education for all ages, with an emphasis on anthropology, biology, geology and paleontology.
The Space Theater planetarium offers a variety of shows based on age groups; for example, the 3-D Meerkats show is geared toward children 4 and older.
Also popular with children are the water-play area, a faux archeology dig and a two-story climbing structure. (Parents should be aware that children can exit the top level to a staircase.)
The museum has a small eating area with vending machines, and visitors are welcome to take food and eat it there.
— Jane Hawes


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SMART Document Camera
Turn real objects into digital content with the SMART Document Camera. It's a great way to demonstrate, explore and understand– even when concepts are abstract or complex.
- Sharp, detailed imagesNow you can view images and videos in greater detail, thanks to the 5 megapixel (MP) camera, 80x zoom and 1080 video resolution.
- Record Audio & VideoThe built in microphone enables easy video and audio recording to create multimedia content for lessons and student presentations.
- Share images across distanceUse the document camera with video conferencing software like Bridgit conferencing software to share images with students outside your classroom.
- Explore in 3DUse the document camera's Mixed Reality Tools and a digital marker to view objects in 3D. It's a hands-on experience that offers new perspectives.
- Take learning anywhere The new SMART Document Camera is ready when you are. Just fold up the flexible arm and go.
Capture images and create multimedia lessons
Create more engaging lesson content by easily capturing images, video and audio with the SMART Document Camera. It's all easy – access the document camera from your SMART Notebook lesson with just one touch. You can even take a video of a science experiment with the document camera, save it on USB and use it in your next class and students can record their demonstrations during presentations for later review.
The SMART Document Camera is a perfect fit with other SMART products because you can control it right from your SMART Notebook lesson – with just one touch. It's easy to show images on your SMART interactive display, LightRaise interactive projector or SMART Table interactive learning center.
Inspire students as they learn
When you can take an object – a leaf, for example – and display it for all to see, it's easier for students to understand higher-level concepts like photosynthesis. You have a visual, kinesthetic way to teach and learn.
Mixed Reality Tools included
The SMART Document Camera allows objects to be viewed in 3D through Mixed Reality Tools. This provides students with a hands-on experience that engages students of all learning styles and helps them understand complex, abstract and conceptual content.


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Definition of Lycopodium selago
1. Noun. Of northern Europe and America; resembling a miniature fir.
Generic synonyms: Club Moss, Club-moss, Lycopod
Lycopodium Selago Pictures
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Lycopodium Selago Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Lycopodium Selago
Literary usage of Lycopodium selago
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. Rhodora by New England Botanical Club (1905)
"A CONNECTICUT STATION FOR Lycopodium selago.—In the Gray Herbarium I find a small but well fruited and unmistakable specimen of Lycopodium selago, L.,..."
2. The British Ferns: Or, Coloured Figures and Descriptions, with the Needful...by William Jackson Hooker by William Jackson Hooker (1861)
"LYCOPODIUM Selago; stems four to six inches high, rooting at the base, rigid,... LYCOPODIUM Selago. Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1665. Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 176. Willd...."
3. Organography of Plants, Especially of the Archegoniata and Spermaphyta by Karl Goebel, Isaac Bayley Balfour (1905)
"This takes place npt infrequently in Lycopodium selago.... They have, like the prothallus of Lycopodium selago, paraphyses, and produce remarkable gemmae..."
4. An Analysis of the British Ferns and Their Allies by George William Francis (1851)
"Lycopodium selago of other botanists. FIG.—EB 233.—Flo. Dan. Wi.—Dill. Mws. t. 56, f. 1. DBS.—Root tufted, fibrous. Stems 2 to 6 inches high, growing quite..."
Other Resources Relating to: Lycopodium selago


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Tasmanian Aboriginal soldiers
Contribution and sacrifice
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders have served in Australian military forces from as far back as the Boer War.
More than 1 000 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders enlisted in World War One, including a number of Tasmanian Aboriginal men. At the time, Indigenous Australians were not lawfully able to vote, marry a non-Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander person, drink alcohol, own property, receive award wages or move freely around the country.
Many Indigenous Australians who tried to enlist were rejected on the grounds of race.
Those who successfully enlisted found life in the armed forces exposed them to equal treatment and mutual respect as they shared the same conditions and levels of pay in the trenches of the Western Front and the Middle East.
Unfortunately, the equality experienced during war disappeared when they returned to civilian life at home. Many could not participate in soldier settlement schemes or share a drink with their mates.
At the outbreak of World War One, about 170 Aboriginal people lived on Cape Barren Island and of the 27 men deemed eligible to serve, 21 enlisted and served at Gallipoli, in Flanders, and on the Somme. Six of the men from Cape Barren Island were killed.
Australian Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders enlisted in World War Two with dozens dying in prisoner of war camps.
In World War Two, about 23 Tasmanian Aboriginal men fought overseas, and approximately another 10 served in the Vietnam War.
Many details about Tasmanian Aboriginal soldiers remain unclear; information or research in this area would be appreciated as the Centenary of ANZAC seeks to remember the role of Tasmanian Aboriginals in military history.
Warning: These webpages about Tasmanian Aboriginal soldiers may contain images of deceased Aboriginal people which may offend Aboriginal and Torres Strait people.


Parallel Reasoning Strategies: Part I
Speak OutParallel Reasoning questions on the Critical Reasoning section of the GMAT are a type of "method of reasoning" question-type. These questions require you to focus on the author's logic. Parallel reasoning questions ask you to look for the answer choice that has the closest logical structure as the argument in the question stem. Ask yourself: which choice best matches the WAY the author moves from the evidence to his conclusion?
How can I tell if I'm looking at a "Parallel Reasoning" question? The question-stem will contain an argument, and the question itself will contain phrases like "method of reasoning," "parallel reasoning," "most similar," "similar reasoning," or "most closely parallel." You'll also see that each answer choice is its own argument, as opposed to an assumption, inference, or flaw.
Let's look at a simple example!
Argument #1: If someone has blonde hair, then they have blue eyes. My father has blonde hair, therefore my father has blue eyes.
The reasoning here is presented as a conditional A -> B, "blonde hair" means "blue eyes." This reasoning is then used to make a conclusion, using the exact same pattern: A -> B. Here's an example of a simple argument that uses parallel reasoning to Argument #1:
Argument #2: The best internet cafes have free wifi. All cafes with free wifi serve unlimited coffee. Therefore, the best internet cafes serve unlimited coffee.
It's the same reasoning because the logic moves in the same direction from A -> B, going from "wifi" to "coffee," then "best cafes" to "wifi." Don't worry that this argument is not arranged in exactly the same order as Argument #1, it's the method of reasoning that must be similar. A correct answer choice can be a little bit different from the question-stem. It's the LOGIC that counts!
Watch out for…
 - Answer choices that merely mimic the topic of the argument. The correct answer's argument usually focuses on an entirely different topic. It's not what is being discussed that matters, but how the reasoning is laid out.
 - Answer choices that have the same structure as the question-stem argument, but do not have the same logic! Just because an answer choice contains similar keywords, or has a similar number of sentences, doesn't mean its logic matches! The premises and conclusion can be rearranged, but the logic of an argument doesn't change.
 - Pacing! These question-types typically take longer than strengthen or weaken CR, because you have 6 arguments to break down, as opposed to 1 (whew!). Practice untimed at first, but as you gain more confident with this question-type, set a timer and try to do them in under 3 minutes, then under 2 minutes.
Look out for Part 2 of this series, where we'll look at what strategies we can use to break down Parallel Reasoning questions quickly and effectively, and get them correct every time.
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