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Methods Of Degassing In Foundry main include flux refining and degassing with inert gas. Inert gas is continuously blown into the melt, and the refining method in which the oxidized inclusions and hydrogen are brought to the liquid surface during the floating of the bubbles is called inert gas refining. The reason why blowing inert gas into the melt can remove slag is because the blown inert bubbles can absorb the oxidized inclusions in the melt and bring them to the liquid surface during the floating process. This metal degassing method in foundry is the flotation slag removal method.
Methods Of Degassing In Foundry
Since the inert gas bubble adsorbs the oxidized inclusions in the melt, it can reduce the total surface free energy of the system, so this adsorption can happen automatically. The smaller the surface tension between the inert gas and the inclusions, and the greater the surface tension between the melt and the inert gas and the interface tension between the melt and the inclusions, the stronger the slag removal ability of this inert gas.
When using inert gas for refining, the flux should be evenly sprinkled on the liquid surface. This is because after the inert gas bubble brings the inclusions to the liquid surface, if there is a flux layer on the liquid surface at this time, the inclusions will enter the flux and become slag, which is easy to be pulled out. Otherwise, the inclusions with a larger specific gravity will fall into the molten aluminum again, and the inclusions with a smaller density will form scum on the liquid surface, which is difficult to separate from the molten aluminum. When these scums are pulled out, a lot of molten metal will be brought out.
The reason why blowing inert gas into the melt can be degassed is because there is no hydrogen in the inert gas bubble blown into the melt, and its hydrogen partial pressure is zero, and the hydrogen partial pressure in the melt near the bubble is much greater than zero. Therefore, there is a hydrogen partial pressure difference between the inside and outside of the bubble. Under the effect of this partial pressure difference, the hydrogen atoms in the melt diffuse to the bubble interface, and recombine into the bubble at the interface. The gas will stop when the partial pressures inside and outside the bubble are equal. The hydrogen entering the bubble escapes into the atmosphere as the bubble floats up. In addition, during the floating process of the bubbles, the tiny molecular hydrogen bubbles suspended in the melt and the gas in the inclusions can also be brought out of the liquid surface by flotation, so as to achieve the purpose of degassing.


Żelazowa Wola
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Żelazowa Wola
Chopin's birthplace
Żelazowa Wola is located in Poland
Żelazowa Wola
Żelazowa Wola
Coordinates: 52°15′N 20°19′E / 52.250°N 20.317°E / 52.250; 20.317
Country Poland
Voivodeship Masovian
County Sochaczew
Gmina Gmina Sochaczew
Population 65
Żelazowa Wola [ʐɛlaˈzɔva ˈvɔla] is a village in Gmina Sochaczew, Sochaczew County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.[1] It lies on the Utrata River, some 8 kilometres (5 mi) northeast of Sochaczew and 46 km (29 mi) west of Warsaw. Żelazowa Wola has a population of 65.
The village is the birthplace of Polish-French pianist and composer Frédéric Chopin, and of violinist Henryk Szeryng. It is known for its picturesque Masovian landscape, including numerous winding streams surrounded by willows and hills.
In 1909, in celebration of Chopin's centenary, Russian composer Sergei Lyapunov wrote the symphonic poem, Zhelazova Vola (Żelazowa Wola), Op. 37 (Russian: Жeлaзoвa Вoлa), "in memory of Chopin".[2]
Housed in an annex to the Chopins' home, surrounded by a park, is a museum devoted to the composer. In summer, concerts of his music are performed by pianists from all over the world, who play inside the family home. In an adjacent park is a monument to the pianist, designed by Józef Gosławski.[3]
 2. ^ Crocks Newsletter
External links[edit]
Coordinates: 52°16′N 20°20′E / 52.267°N 20.333°E / 52.267; 20.333


text: It is important, both at national and regional level, the development of markers that allow performing analysis of OO in order to highlighting issues such as quality certification, authentication, geographical and varietal traceability. EVOO traceability is gaining importance due to highquality OO demands, including olive oils with PDO labels or monovarietal ones withspecific characteristic related to the olive variety. There are two essential aspects on EVOO traceability: botanical and geographical ones, that are the core of this proposal. The following objectives can be drawn: 1) development of tools to assess botanical origin of OO; 2)development of tools to assess geographic origin of OO. These tools will allow us to address authentication and certification issues, ensuring that a certain OO is 1) an IGP; 2) a POD; 3) a monovarietal; 4) an organic one; 5) authentic OO (not adulterated with other vegetable oil).

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Abnormal Anatomy of the Auditory Cortex in Schizophrenic Brains with Auditory Hallucinations
MetadataShow full item record
PublisherThe University of Arizona.
RightsCopyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction, presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
AbstractBackground: Evolving research in the psychiatric literature has suggested that the auditory cortex region is smaller in people with schizophrenia who experience auditory hallucinations than in normal control individuals. These findings are not without controversy. While there has been significant research considering volumetric variance in pathologic brains with AH, there is a paucity of data considering the influence of morphology and surface area of primary auditory structures. Purpose: The purpose of this set of studies was to evaluate and compare the following variables in schizophrenic and control brains, both between groups and between hemispheres within groups: surface area of Heschl's gyrus (HG) and planum temporale (PT), length of the Sylvian fissure (SF), length of the posterior extending ramus of the SF, and the morphological variants of HG, PT, and the posterior ramus. Evidence of morphologic variance or surface area differences in populations that are prone to experiencing auditory hallucinations may provide new or additional insight into the role of these neuroanatomical structures in central auditory processing during auditory hallucinations. Hypothesis: Based on the previous literature we had several hypotheses: (1) in separate structure analyses with regards to surface area, there will be reduced asymmetry for primary auditory structures (HG & PT) in schizophrenic brains with hallucinations compared to controls; (2) there will be reduced typical asymmetry in Sylvian fissure (SF) length for schizophrenic brains with hallucinations compared to controls; and (3) there will be consistent patterns of morphologic differences in at least one category of Heschl's gyrus, planum temporale, or posterior ramus variants between schizophrenic brains with hallucinations and control brains. Methods: Imaging analysis was conducted using BrainVISA Anatomist software and MRIcron software to assess 51 control brains (102 hemispheres) from the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS) repository and 51 schizophrenic brains (102 hemispheres) obtained from the NUSDAST (Northwestern University Schizophrenia Data and Software Tools) database. These neuroimaging softwares were used to quantify surface area of HG and PT, morphology of HG and PT, length of SF, and angle of the posterior extending ramus of SF. Results: This study found a lack of typical asymmetry between right and left HG in schizophrenic brains, and a significantly larger HG in the right hemisphere of controls compared to schizophrenics. There was also reduced asymmetry of the SF length in schizophrenics compared to controls. No significant findings were established for either PT surface area or morphological classifications of HG, PT, or posterior ramus. Key Words: Auditory Hallucinations, auditory cortex, anatomy, Heschl's gyrus, planum temporale, superior temporal gyrus, Sylvian fissure, posterior ramus, ascending ramus, schizophrenia Abbreviations: Auditory Hallucinations (AH), central auditory nervous system (CANS), Heschl's gyrus (HG), planum temporale (PT), planum polare (PP), primary auditory cortex (A1), Sylvian fissure (SF), schizophrenia (SZ), superior temporal plane (STP), supramarginal gyrus (SMG), region of interest (ROI)
Degree ProgramGraduate College


text:
What is significant?
The Shot Tower in Alexandra Parade Clifton Hill was constructed circa 1882 for Richard Hodgson. Alfred Harber and Simon Hughes were the owners in 1887 before Walter Coop, from the well-known Melbourne shot manufacturing family, purchased the premises in 1896. The Shot Tower is a brick tower 80.1 metres high,circular in plan and resembling a tall chimney. The walls are punctuated at regular intervals by semi-circular arched windows and decorative brick bands. The shaft is finely decorated around the openings, and at various levels, with polychrome patterns, and is topped by a small pavilion.
How is it significant?
The Shot Tower is of historical and architectural significance to the State of Victoria.
Why is it significant?
The Shot Tower is of historical significance as a fine example of a rare and distinctive building type and as evidence of an early industrial process. It is probably the largest shot tower in Australia and is certainly taller than the tower now incorporated in the Melbourne Central development. It is also the earliest of the two surviving Victorian shot towers. The tower provides tangible evidence of the process of lead shot production. Its form reflects the shot production process: the shot was produced by dropping molten lead through sieves at the top of the tower into water at the bottom. The height of the tower was necessary to allow the shot to form correctly before reaching the bottom.
The Shot Tower is of historical significance for its long association with the Coop family, who had extensive interests in shot manufacture and smelting? they owned both of the two remaining towers in Melbourne? and as a local landmark for more than a century.
The Shot Tower is of architectural significance as a particularly fine example of an industrial building of the late 19th century. The tower is largely intact and in good condition, a testament to the high quality of the original brickwork. The decorative brickwork is indicative of the pride and investment that went into this industrial structure and as such is symbolic of the significant economic and urban expansion that occurred in Melbourne during the 1880s.


text:
Skip to Main Content
In this paper, a novel variational framework is introduced toward automatic 3-D building reconstruction from remote-sensing data. We consider a subset of building models that involve the footprint, their elevation, and the roof type. These models, under a certain hierarchical representation, describe the space of solutions and, under a fruitful synergy with an inferential procedure, recover the observed scene's geometry. Such an integrated approach is defined in a variational context, solves segmentation both in optical images and digital elevation maps, and allows multiple competing priors to determine their pose and 3-D geometry from the observed data. The very promising experimental results and the performed quantitative evaluation demonstrate the potentials of our approach.


text:
A number of schools in Scotland is looking to spread the word of cheap energy bills by becoming the first in the country to test out new energy meters.
The meters are designed to show exactly how much gas, water and electricity each school is using and as well as helping deliver cheap energy bills, teachers are hoping they can be used to demonstrate to pupils how to cut energy bills in general.
Kenmore, Longforgan, Stanley and the Royal School of Dunkeld primary schools in Perthshire have become the first in the country to pilot the devices, which have been created by eco energy technology company Ewgeco.
Anne Burrell, head of Kenmore primary school said the arrival of the new devices would not only help to cut the school's energy bills, but could also be used to promote energy efficiency among the children, as well as getting them interested in environmentally-friendly businesses.
"It has given the children an insight into the world of enterprise and innovation as they have followed the design process throughout the past year," she explained.
Earlier this month, it was reported that a school in Cornwall had installed a wind turbine in its grounds, in a move that could help it pursue cheap energy rates.
If you want to find out more about switching energy suppliers and how you could save up to £378 in minutes, click here.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Note: fully updated ruby documentation for DataObject classes is needed. For the time being, the test case in test/test_clipboard.rb and the dnd sample demonstrate how to use data object classes in some detail. For many purposes the ready-to-use classes TextDataObject, FiletDataObject, and BitmapDataObject will suffice.
A DataObject represents data that can be copied to or from the clipboard, or dragged and dropped. The important thing about DataObject is that this is a 'smart' piece of data unlike 'dumb' data containers such as memory buffers or files. Being 'smart' here means that the data object itself should know what data formats it supports and how to render itself in each of its supported formats.
A supported format, incidentally, is exactly the format in which the data can be requested from a data object or from which the data object may be set. In the general case, an object may support different formats on 'input' and 'output', i.e. it may be able to render itself in a given format but not be created from data on this format or vice versa. DataObject defines an enumeration type
Get = 0x01 // format is supported by GetDataHere() Set = 0x02 // format is supported by SetData()
which distinguishes between them. See DataFormat documentation for more about formats.
Not surprisingly, being 'smart' comes at a price of added complexity. This is reasonable for the situations when you really need to support multiple formats, but may be annoying if you only want to do something simple like cut and paste text.
To provide a solution for both cases, Widgets has two predefined classes which derive from DataObject: DataObjectSimple and DataObjectComposite. DataObjectSimple is the simplest DataObject possible and only holds data in a single format (such as HTML or text) and DataObjectComposite is the simplest way to implement a DataObject that does support multiple formats because it achieves this by simply holding several DataObjectSimple objects.
So, you have several solutions when you need a DataObject class (and you need one as soon as you want to transfer data via the clipboard or drag and drop):
|1. Use one of the built-in classes||You may use TextDataObject,BitmapDataObject or FileDataObject in the simplest cases when you only needto support one format and your data is either text, bitmap or list of files.|
|2. Use DataObjectSimple||Deriving from DataObjectSimple is the simplestsolution for custom data – you will only support one format and so probablywon't be able to communicate with other programs, but data transfer will workin your program (or between different copies of it).|
|3. Use DataObjectComposite||This is a simple but powerfulsolution which allows you to support any number of formats (eitherstandard or custom if you combine it with the previous solution).|
|4. Use DataObject directly||This is the solution formaximal flexibility and efficiency, but it is also the most difficult toimplement.|
Please note that the easiest way to use drag and drop and the clipboard with multiple formats is by using DataObjectComposite, but it is not the most efficient one as each DataObjectSimple would contain the whole data in its respective formats. Now imagine that you want to paste 200 pages of text in your proprietary format, as well as Word, RTF, HTML, Unicode and plain text to the clipboard and even today's computers are in trouble. For this case, you will have to derive from DataObject directly and make it enumerate its formats and provide the data in the requested format on demand.
Note that neither the GTK+ data transfer mechanisms for clipboard and drag and drop, nor OLE data transfer, copy any data until another application actually requests the data. This is in contrast to the 'feel' offered to the user of a program who would normally think that the data resides in the clipboard after having pressed 'Copy' – in reality it is only declared to be available.
There are several predefined data object classes derived from DataObjectSimple: FileDataObject, TextDataObject and BitmapDataObject which can be used without change.
You may also derive your own data object classes from CustomDataObject for user-defined types. The format of user-defined data is given as a mime-type string literal, such as "application/word" or "image/png". These strings are used as they are under Unix (so far only GTK+) to identify a format and are translated into their Windows equivalent under Win32 (using the OLE IDataObject for data exchange to and from the clipboard and for drag and drop). Note that the format string translation under Windows is not yet finished.
Each class derived directly from DataObject must override and implement all of its functions which are pure virtual in the base class.
The data objects which only render their data or only set it (i.e. work in only one direction), should return 0 from get_format_count.
Clipboard and drag and drop overview, DnD sample, FileDataObject, TextDataObject, BitmapDataObject, CustomDataObject, DropTarget, DropSource, TextDropTarget, FileDropTarget
Array get_all_formats( Integer dir = Get)
Should return an Array of DataFormat objects supported in the given direction by this class.
String get_data_here(DataFormat format )
Should return a String containing the object's data, or
nil on failure.
Integer get_data_size(DataFormat format )
Returns the data size of the given format format; may be overridden if desired.
Integer get_format_count(Integer direction = 1)
Returns the number of available formats for rendering or setting the data.
DataFormat get_preferred_format(Integer direction = 1)
Returns the preferred format for either rendering the data (if dir is
its default value) or for setting it. Usually this will be the
native format of the DataObject.
By default, the first member of the list returned by
is the preferred format, but this method may be overridden.
Boolean set_data( DataFormat format, String data )
Should store and accept the data data for the format format.
Should returns true on success, false on failure.
[This page automatically generated from the Textile source at Wed Sep 09 02:21:04 +0100 2009]


Demand that Wisconsin Protect Public Health and the Right to Vote
To ensure that an election like this never happens again, reforms must be enacted to guarantee that future elections are free, fair and safe for all.
Wisconsin legislators must enact the following changes:
Mail a ballot to all registered voters; automatically before each election. Ideally 30 days before the election date. Voters should not be required to have a witness or provide proof of an ID to request or return their ballot.
Allow voters to return ballots multiple ways: through the mail, the use of secure drop boxes, and by dropping it off at polling locations on the day of the election.
Every municipality should have a minimum number of polling locations within their community based on the size of the population, located in areas that can serve all populations in the municipality and allow voters to register and vote quickly and efficiently if they choose to vote in person on election day.
Every municipality should offer in-person access to early voting and voter registration in a way that proves to be safe and secure, as well as ballot drop boxes for several weeks before Election Day.
Voter registration should be as easy as possible through automatic voter registration in schools or at the DMV. Voters should also be able to register in person on Election Day and during early voting periods.
The Wisconsin Election Commission should fund public education efforts to ensure that all citizens are aware of how our voting process works and how they can participate.


Book Review: Basic Category Theory for Computer Scientists (MIRI course list)
by So8res3 min read19th Sep 201323 comments
Scholarship & LearningBook ReviewsMachine Intelligence Research Institute (MIRI)Logic & Mathematics
I'm reviewing the books on the MIRI course list. After finishing Cognitive Science I picked up Basic Category Theory for Computer Scientists, by Benjamin C. Pierce.
Basic Category Theory for Computer Scientists
This book is tiny, clocking in at around 80 pages. Don't be fooled, it packs a punch.
A word of warning: when the title says "for Computer Scientists", it is not abusing the term. I went in expecting Category Theory for Computer Programmers and a tone like "Welcome, Java Programmer, to the crazy world of math!". What I got was a lean, no-bullshit introduction to category that assumes mathematical competence.
"Computer Scientist" and "Programmer" get mixed up in common parlance, so casual programmers are cautioned that this book targets the former group. Category Theory for Computer Scientists assumes you're familiar with proof-writing, set theory, functional programming, and denotational semantics.
In return, Category Theory wastes none of your time. I found this refreshing, but unexpected.
I'll give a brief overview of the contents of the book before discussing them.
Chapter Summaries
 1. Basic Constructions
 2. Functors, Natural Transformations, and Adjoints
 3. Applications
 4. Further Reading
1. Basic Constructions
Introduces Categories.
Introduces monomorphisms (f∘g = f∘h → g=h) and epimorphisms (g∘f = h∘f → g=h), then uses these to introduce categorical duals (similar constructs with the direction of the arrows swapped).
Introduces isomorphisms and the concept of equality up to isomorphism.
Introduces initial and terminal objects (objects with exactly one arrow from/to each object).
Introduces binary products and coproducts. Generalizes to arbitrary products.
Introduces equalizers and coequalizers.
Introduces pullbacks, briefly mentions pushforwards.
Generalizes equalizers, products, and pullbacks to terminal cones (which are limits).
Introduces exponentiation.
Mentions Cartesian Closed Categories (categories with products, exponents, and a terminal object).
2. Functors, Natural Transformations, and Adjoints
Introduces Functors (arrows between categories).
Introduces F-Algebras (an extreme generalization of algebra).
Introduces Natural Transformations (structure-preserving mappings between functors).
Introduces Adjoints (functors related in way that generalizes efficiency/optimality).
3. Applications
Discusses four applications of category theory:
 1. Closed Cartesian Categories are in correspondence with lambda calculi.
 2. Category theory can help make implicit conversion & generic operators more consistent in programming languages.
 3. Category theory is linked to type theory, domain theory, and algebraic semantics (all useful in programming semantics).
 4. Category theory revolutionized how programming languages construct underlying denotations.
4. Further Reading
A list of textbooks, introductory articles, reference books, and research articles that the author recommends for further learning.
The first two chapters of this book are the important parts. The third chapter points out ways that category theory has been applied to computer science, which I found interesting but not relevant to my goal (of learning category theory). The fourth chapter provides a list of resources, which will be handy to have around.
A textbook review is somewhat ungrounded if you don't know the reviewer's background: Category Theory was not a complete mystery to me when I picked up this book. I gained some little familiarity with the subject osmotically when learning Type Theory and messing around in Haskell. However, Category Theory always looked like abstract nonsense and I'd never studied it explicitly.
Given that background, this book served me very well.
Most of my utility was derived from doing the exercises in the book. My goal was to build a mental implementation of category theory, and reading math without doing it works about as well as writing code without running it.
The first five exercises alone corrected a handful of misconceptions I had about category theory, and were sufficient to take theorems from "opaque abstract nonsense" to "vaguely intuitive".
(In my case, the fact that "the diagram commutes" means "all paths from one vertex to another compose to the same arrow" made a lot of things click. I expect such clicking points to vary wildly between people, so I won't mention more.)
It is likely that any other category theory textbook could have given similar results by providing exercises. The selling point of this book is the narrative: if you don't like narratives, this is the book for you.
In fact, this book is sometimes too terse. Take, for example, this suggestion after the introduction of adjoint functors:
The reader who has persevered this far is urged to consult a standard textbook for more details on alternative treatments of adjoints.
Or this, right when things were getting interesting:
A longer discussion of representability is beyond the scope of this introduction, but it is often named as one of the two or three key concepts of category theory.
That said, the book is titled Basic Category Theory, so I can't complain.
Should I read it?
It really depends on your goals.
This book does not motivate the math: It assumes you want to know category theory, and teaches you without embellishment. If you are wondering what this whole category theory thing is and why it matters then you should probably find a friendlier introduction.
However, if:
 1. You're familiar with the basic idea of category theory
 2. You want to learn the basics
 3. You are comfortable with functional programming and/or set theory
 4. You're motivated and don't need much guidance
then you should strongly consider reading the first two chapters of this book (and perhaps chapter 3 section 4).
If you're looking for a really deep understanding of category theory, you should probably look elsewhere; this book doesn't step beyond the basics.
All that assumes you want to learn category theory, which probably isn't true of the general audience. A more pertinent question is perhaps:
Should I learn category theory?
It depends on your goals. I think it was worth learning, but I'm the sort of person who delights in clean abstractions.
If nothing else, category theory is a lesson in how far abstractions can be pushed. F-Algebras, for instance, are one of the most abstract ideas I've ever encountered. Category-theoretic products (or, more generally, cones) are astonishingly powerful given their generality. I was quite surprised by how far you can strip down exponentiation.
That said, category theory won't help the average person act more rationally.
If you're into math, programming, or physics then category theory will likely help you out. Otherwise, I wouldn't recommend starting here.
If you happen to be a programmer considering diving off the deep end, I strongly recommend familiarizing yourself with pure functional programming languages first. (Haskell is a good place to start.) My familiarity with type theory and my use of functors made category theory easier to approach. (And besides, pure functional programming is lots of fun.)
Final Notes
I'm somewhat surprised that the MIRI course list Category Theory textbook doesn't discuss Representation Theory.
Otherwise, this book is precisely what I expected from the MIRI course list: very good at shutting up and giving you the data. I came away pleased.
23 comments, sorted by Highlighting new comments since Today at 8:14 PM
New Comment
Mathematics StackExchange on learning category theory:
Yes, it's not as if the textbooks will give you any examples.
Well, yeah, any run-of-the-mill category theory textbook will of course load you down with examples. That doesn't mean they'll give you the background instruction necessary to understand those examples. It's all very well being told that the classic example of a non-concretizable category is the category of topological spaces and homotopy classes of continuous maps between them - if you've never taken a topology course, you won't have any idea what that means, and the book isn't going to include a beginner's topology textbook as a footnote.
An example isn't being told something like that, it's being shown something like that, with diagrams. A beginner's topology course is not required, the diagrams are.
I'm probably at the mathematically naive level that the linked post warns against, and after looking at many of the examples with diagrams in the various category theory textbooks, I still have basically no idea what CT brings to the table or how I should use it. It unifies formal proofs, topological computations and quantum mechanical systems? Great! Except I don't know how to grind proofs, derive topology or compute quantum mechanics by hand, so I have little idea what that means in practice.
A lot of people seem to describe learning Haskell monads as a similar experience. Most of the examples are basically incomprehensible until you just work with the raw formalism from sufficiently many angles that you start to build the necessary headspace to work it into something useful. Maybe studying advanced topology and abstract algebra will get you familiar with working with sufficiently similar formal structures that you can actually get significant bits of category theory by analogy from something as short as a textbook example
Sarcasm is nearly always inadvisable!
This comment makes a fair point that people might be missing at first glace


Home > Uncategorized > The SHSAT matching algorithm isn't that hard
The SHSAT matching algorithm isn't that hard
January 15, 2016
My 13-year-old took the SHSAT in November, but we haven't heard the results yet. In fact we're expecting to wait two more months before we do.
What gives? Is it really that complicated to match kids to test schools?
A bit of background. In New York City, kids write down a list of their preferred public high schools that are not "SHSAT" schools. Separately, if they decide to take the SHSAT, they rank their preferences for those, which fall into a separate category and which include Stuyvesant and Bronx Science. They are promised that they will get into the first school on the list that their SHSAT score allows them to.
I often hear people say that the algorithm to figure out what SHSAT school a given kid gets into is super complicated and that's why it takes 4 months to find out the results. But yesterday at lunch, my husband and I proved that theory incorrect by coming up with a really dumb way of doing it.
 1. First, score all the tests. This is the time-consuming part of the process, but I assume it's automatically done by a machine somewhere in a huge DOE building in Brooklyn that I've heard about.
 2. Next, rank the kids according to score, highest first. Think of it as kids waiting in line at a supermarket check-out line, but in this scenario they just get their school assignment.
 3. Next, repeat the following step until all the schools are filled: take the first kid in line and give them their highest pick. Before moving on to the next kid, check to see if you just gave away the last possible slot to that particular school. If so, label that school with the score of that kid (it will be the cutoff score) and make everyone still in line erase that school from their list because it's full and no longer available.
 4. By construction, every kid gets the top school that their score warranted, so you're done.
A few notes and one caveat to this:
 1. Any kid with no schools in their list, either because they didn't score high enough for the cutoffs or because the schools all filled up before they got to the head of the line, won't get into an SHSAT school.
 2. The above algorithm would take very little time to actually run. As in, 5 minutes of computer time once the tests are scored.
 3. One caveat: I'm pretty sure they need to make sure that two kids with the same exact score and the same preference would both either get in or get out (because think of the lawsuit if not). So the actual way you'd implement the algorithm is when you ask for the next kid in line, you'd also ask for any other kid with the same score and the same top choice to step forward. Then you'd decide whether there's room for the whole group or not.
So, why the long wait? I'm pretty sure it's because the other public schools, the ones where there's no SHSAT exam to get in (but there are myriad other requirements and processes involved, see e.g. page 4 of this document) don't want people to be notified of their SHSAT placement 4 months before they get their say. It would foster too much unfair competition between the systems.
Finally, I'm guessing the algorithm for matching non-SHSAT schools is actually pretty complicated, which is I think why people keep talking about a "super complex algorithm." It's just not associated to the SHSAT.
Categories: Uncategorized
 1. January 15, 2016 at 8:41 am
 Wow, this post brought back memories! Way back in 98 I went to Bronx Science and I remember that wait time for the results very well. I wish your son the best of luck, getting into a SHS changed everything for me.
 Liked by 1 person
 2. January 15, 2016 at 8:59 am
 I hope your child gets into the school of their choice.
 I think you left out the most obvious answers.
 1. DOE aims to be as opaque as possible, thus conveying complexity where none exists.
 2. It's the DOE and everything they do is S-L-O-W.
 My question to you, Cathy, is whether the algorithm is FAIR. It seems to be biased against lesser qualified students of color and, currently, rewards an unusually large number of Asian-Americans. Should SHSAT schools admit based on merit as defined by scores, or should they use a "holistic" approach?
 - January 15, 2016 at 9:36 am
 It's not at all fair. Especially if you consider the test prep. Unbelievable and unethical.
 - January 15, 2016 at 9:54 am
 Yes, but the Chinese-American students typically come from low socio-economic status homes, but their working parents sacrifice a great deal on prep courses so that their children will be better off then them.
 And, FTR, my older daughter got into Stuyvesant without any prep, but declined the offer.
 Even though you consider it unfair, I hope your child gets in to the school of their choice.
 - January 15, 2016 at 9:56 am
 It's obviously a nuanced kind of unfairness. And it's not obviously more unfair than other systems!
 On Fri, Jan 15, 2016 at 9:54 AM, mathbabe wrote:
 - January 15, 2016 at 11:42 am
 When I was there, white and Asian students made up about 80% of the population. I'm not sure what the numbers are today.
 I was accepted into a program called MSI that helped kids from low socio-economic backgrounds get test prep and additional lessons to "catch us up". I only hope that there are more programs like that out there to help kids realize just how much they can accomplish. Once I got there, it was my first time interacting with kids from a different background and I really flourished.
 - zamanskym
 January 15, 2016 at 8:52 pm
 I used to be against all the test prep but now I'm not so sure. To add to the fact that many workingg class and middle class families do test prep is the overall end result.
 The top scoring kids would have made it in test prep or not so it's more that if you take the bottom let's say quarter of the accepted class and the an equal number of kids below the cutoff — they're all probably of similar ability and the test prep probably jumbled that bunch a bit but then, the test prep kids are being rewarded for hard work and industriousness to separate them from the kids just below the cutoff that didn't do the prep.
 3. mathematrucker
 January 15, 2016 at 9:25 am
 A couple days ago I was prompted to ponder the question "So, why the long wait?" in the waiting room of an abysmally low-rated MD's office. The aha! moment came when I observed a drug peddler bypass the waiting room and walk straight back: "Of course! Silly me…this isn't a doctor's office, it's a drug dealership!"
 - mathematrucker
 January 15, 2016 at 11:12 am
 The only reason I was there in the first place was to get some forms signed on short notice, a service this particular MD specializes in providing.
 4. January 15, 2016 at 9:47 am
 This is known as the "stable marriage problem" and you have, I'm pretty sure, reinvented the Gale-Shapley algorithm (1962). _URL_
 - January 15, 2016 at 9:48 am
 Actually, this is a simpler version of the problem, because in the general problem, each of the schools would have their own order of preference. Here you're assuming that all the schools have the same preference; namely the score.
 Liked by 1 person
 5. January 15, 2016 at 10:04 am
 You may be interested in how Brazilian students get matched to (public) higher education institutions, based on their national admission exam score. It's an interactive (online) system where student state their two preferred schools (courses, actually). The system than calculates cut-off scores for every course (the lowest score you need to get in) and the next day students can change their preferences. Repeat this for three days.
 6. Artie
 January 15, 2016 at 10:40 am
 This is almost exactly how university admissions work in Ireland. The only difference is that ties are broken by random selection (which is ok, because we are a less litigious people). As you say, this is completely trivial and takes essentially zero time, at least for a list of approximately 60,000 kids.
 7. Kevin
 January 15, 2016 at 11:40 am
 Even the full algorithm, which involves both specialized and nonspecialized high schools isn't that bad. The paper describing it is here: _URL_


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Status conference is a legally mandated, court-ordered meeting with a judge (or sometimes an authorized counsel). The purpose behind it is to:
- Determine a date for the trial
- Obtain updated information on the defendant with ongoing conditions pre-set by the courts (like house arrest or home monitoring)
- If a party does not attend a status conference, the party's requests regarding scheduling changes could effectively be ignored.
- If a plaintiff, or a representative for the plaintiff, does not attend the status conference, the case may potentially be dismissed.
Introduction to Status Conferences
Have you ever found yourself muddled up in the complex world of legal proceedings, grappling with jargon like 'status conferences'? Many of us, even those from the legal profession, often struggle with understanding the structural labyrinth that makes up the legal system. Here at JED™ Platform, we're all about making the complex simple, so let's demystify one term: status conference.
A status conference is a critical mainstay in the legal process, intended to streamline case management and ensure efficiency. It is a court-ordered convening with a judge or an authorized counsel, held to lay the groundwork for trial proceedings, keep track of the case's progress, establish trial dates, and to update on any ongoing conditions determined earlier by the courts. Considerably significant, non-attendance at such a conference could potentially have repercussions – it could lead to requests for scheduling changes being overlooked or even result in case dismissals.
In our role of supporting pretrial services at JED™ Platform, we frequently engage with the reality of status conferences and understand the vital part they play within the wider legal landscape. This article will bring clarity on what exactly a status conference means, its purpose, and its implications, aiming to equip you with a clear, practical understanding of the term. Throughout we will prioritize simplicity, aiming to transmute complex ideas into easy-to-grasp concepts, just as we do with our reliable pretrial software solutions.
Status Conference – A Snapshot
Let's dive right in, unfolding what exactly a status conference stands for in the maze of legal terminologies!
The Purpose of a Status Conference
The status conference is a pivotal part of the court proceedings, serving as a platform for vital discussions and decisions. It is a court-ordered event that involves the parties and attorneys involved in a case. The primary purpose of a status conference is twofold: identifying the current status of the case and determining the next steps required to reach disposition.
Identifying the Current Status of the Case
The status conference gives everyone involved in the case a clear understanding of where they currently stand. This involves assessing the progress that has been made since the last status conference or hearing, discussing any conflicts or issues that have arisen, and evaluating the readiness of the parties for the trial.
The lawyers of the parties involved, along with the judge or magistrate, review the evidence, discuss potential resolutions, and address any procedural or substantive issues. This exercise ensures that everyone is on the same page and helps in avoiding any undue surprises or delays during the trial.
Determining the Next Steps Required to Reach Disposition
The status conference is not just about understanding where the case stands but also about planning the way forward. This involves setting timelines for completing pre-trial matters, such as discovery and motions, discussing plea bargains or settlement agreements, and scheduling further hearings or the trial itself.
The judge or magistrate plays a crucial role here, guiding the parties in their next steps and ensuring that the case moves along efficiently. The judge may also suggest mediation or other alternative dispute resolution options if it seems that the case could be resolved without a trial.
At JED™ Platform, we understand the importance of these conferences in the pretrial process. Our pretrial software solutions are designed to assist in fair risk assessments and provide effective monitoring services, ensuring that our clients are well-prepared and informed as they navigate through their legal journey.
In the next section, we'll delve deeper into the role of a status conference in different types of cases.
The Role of a Status Conference in Different Types of Cases
Understanding 'what is a status conference' and its role can greatly benefit our clients as they navigate their legal journey. The nature of a status conference can vary depending on the type of case involved.
Status Conference in Criminal Cases
In a criminal case, a status conference often involves the prosecution and defense attorneys exchanging evidence. This is a critical stage where the strength of each side's case becomes clearer, informing the strategies they will employ moving forward. Additionally, status conferences in criminal cases may also involve discussions about plea bargains. A plea bargain is an agreement in a criminal case where the defendant agrees to plead guilty to a particular charge in return for some concession from the prosecutor. This process can significantly expedite the resolution of a case, sparing the need for a full trial.
Status Conference in Civil Cases
In civil cases, a status conference can take a slightly different turn. Along with the exchange of evidence, attorneys also stipulate to certain terms and begin negotiations on a settlement agreement. A settlement is a resolution between disputing parties about a legal case, reached either before or after court action begins. The role of the judge in a civil status conference can be quite involved as they often give their opinion on settlement offers and coordinate timelines for other pre-trial matters.
Status Conference in Divorce Cases
When it comes to divorce cases, a status conference serves a unique purpose. It offers an opportunity for parties to discuss the progress of the case and what steps need to be taken before the case can be concluded. It also often serves as a platform for negotiation and resolution of issues related to property division, alimony, child custody, and support. By facilitating open lines of communication, a status conference can help prevent prolonged and contentious courtroom battles.
In all types of cases, the status conference plays a pivotal role in ensuring the legal process moves forward in a timely and efficient manner. At JED™ Platform, we are committed to providing our clients with the tools and support they need to navigate these crucial stages of their legal journey.
What Happens at a Status Conference?
When you're asking "what is a status conference," you're likely also curious about what exactly happens during one. Essentially, it's a meeting where attorneys from both sides come together to discuss the progress of the case and plan out the next steps. Here's a closer look at the key aspects of a status conference.
Exchange of Evidence
One of the primary activities during a status conference is the exchange of evidence. Here, the attorneys from both parties share the evidence they have gathered for their case. This can include documents, witness testimonies, or any other information relevant to the case. The aim is to ensure that all parties are on the same page regarding the evidence that will be presented in the trial. In a criminal case, this process often involves the prosecution and defense attorneys exchanging evidence, as noted by Cornell Law School.
Discussion of Plea Bargains or Settlement Agreements
In some instances, a status conference may also involve discussions about plea bargains or settlement agreements. Plea bargains are often discussed in criminal cases, where the defendant may agree to plead guilty to a lesser charge in exchange for a lighter sentence. On the other hand, civil cases may involve discussions about settlement agreements, where the parties aim to resolve the dispute without going to trial.
While it's not necessary that a plea or settlement will be agreed upon during the status conference, the discussion provides an opportunity for attorneys to negotiate and potentially find an acceptable resolution for all parties involved.
Setting Timelines for Pre-Trial Matters
Finally, a status conference often involves setting timelines for various pre-trial matters. This can include deadlines for the submission of evidence, dates for further hearings, or timelines for negotiations. As Cornell Law School points out, sometimes a judge will attend a status conference to give their opinion on plea or settlement offers and set timelines for other pre-trial matters.
In some cases, like in divorce cases, the Magistrate's goal during a status conference is to move your case along as quickly as possible but also carefully, according to Pine Tree Legal Assistance. Therefore, setting clear timelines is a crucial part of ensuring that the case progresses smoothly and efficiently.
At JED™ Platform, we understand the importance of a well-conducted status conference in ensuring that all parties are well-prepared for the trial. Our pretrial software solutions provide robust support to attorneys, helping them prepare effectively for status conferences and other crucial stages of the legal process.
The Consequences of Not Attending a Status Conference
A status conference is a crucial part of the pretrial process, and non-attendance can lead to serious consequences. It's important to understand the implications, so you can make informed decisions about your case.
Ignoring Requests for Scheduling Changes
If a party or their representative fails to attend the status conference, the court may ignore any requests made by that party for scheduling changes. This means that if you or your representative don't show up, you lose the ability to influence the timeline of your case. This could result in inconvenient court dates and deadlines, potentially putting you at a disadvantage as you prepare for trial.
Possible Dismissal of the Action
The consequences can be even more severe if the plaintiff or a representative of the plaintiff doesn't attend the status conference. According to the, the action may be dismissed entirely. In other words, the court might decide to close the case, and you lose the opportunity to pursue your claim or defend against a lawsuit.
It's important to note the role of the JED™ Platform in helping clients navigate these crucial stages of the pretrial process. Our software solutions aid in providing fair risk assessments and robust monitoring services, ensuring you stay on top of your responsibilities and never miss important events like a status conference.
In conclusion, understanding what a status conference is and the consequences of not


text: Microinjection molding has been drawing more and more attention due to its great advantages such as cost effectiveness and mass production capability. In this work, an experimental study was carried out in order to investigate the effect of the mold surface roughness on the achieved filled length of the molded microfeatures. For this purpose, an aluminum mold insert with microchannels having different surface roughness values was designed and fabricated using ultraprecision diamond machining and micromilling method. The experimental results revealed that increasing surface roughness of the microchannel wall led to a decrease in the filled length of the molded microfeatures. It was also found that with increased melt temperature or injection velocity, the effect of surface roughness was weakened by high-pressure trapped air inside the microchannels during injection process. Finally, the influence mechanism of the mold surface roughness was discussed.


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The grey-faced sengi is a relative newcomer to the elephant shrew family. The journey of discovery began in 2005, when a unfamilar species of giant elephant shrew was caught on a camera trap in the Udzunga mountains of Tanzania. An expedition the following year confirmed this as the first new elephant shrew species identified for over 120 years and by far the biggest. The only place on Earth they can be found is in this African mountain range, where the population is estimated to be fewer than 100.
Scientific name: Rhynchocyon udzungwensis
Grey-faced elephant shrew
The Grey-faced sengi can be found in a number of locations including: Africa. Find out more about these places and what else lives there.
The following habitats are found across the Grey-faced sengi distribution range. Find out more about these environments, what it takes to live there and what else inhabits them.
Discover what these behaviours are and how different plants and animals use them.
Additional data source: Animal Diversity Web
The grey-faced sengi (Rhynchocyon udzungwensis) is a species of elephant shrew that is endemic to the Udzungwa Mountains of south-central Tanzania. The discovery of the species was announced in January 2008; only 15 species of elephant shrew were known until then, and the last discovery was made more than 120 years ago. As the name implies, the species is characterised by a distinctive grey face and a black rump, as well as being larger than the other species of elephant shrews.
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A new agreement between Vertiv and Upside Energy aims to make energy use in data centres greener by reducing stress on the national grid during peak hours
server room data centre
Data centres are a big carbon emitter
Energy use in data centres will be made smarter in a new partnership that will ensure business customers receive greener power.
US-based Vertiv, which provides data centre infrastructure for social media and telecoms companies, has teamed up with UK energy software specialist Upside Energy to reduce stress on the national grid during peak hours and generate savings for customers on their energy bills.
Data centres place taxing demands on the energy grid, using roughly 416 terrawatt hours of power globally every year – in comparison the UK's annual consumption is 300 terrawatt hours.
Upside Energy will help Vertiv to manage its data centres' electricity usage during peak times – which are typically during the early evening.
During these hours, the centres will switch to using back-up battery power.
Devrim Celal, CEO of Upside Energy, said: "At the most critical points, we will switch data centres from using electricity from the grid to their batteries, and then back on to the grid when the constraint has been lifted.
"By reducing their demand on the grid, it eases the problem that the grid is having."
How energy use in data centres can be made greener
Mr Celal said the software his company uses will help data centre providers to offer greener energy.
He added: "In peak hours, electricity prices will jump up, there will be more demand on the grid and it will typically rely on coal power generation to supply electricity for that peak demand.
"If we can shift the data centres' requirements away from that peak evening time by using batteries – to later in that evening when that stress goes away – we are both saving the data centres money by helping them use cheaper energy and selling a service to the national grid.
"But also we're curtailing coal usage, so we're ending up with a greener operation."
How energy use in data centres comes from the grid
For electricity to flow properly, supply and demand needs to be carefully balanced in real-time – second by second.
How Vertiv and Upside Energy will help limit the impact of data centres on the national grid
Mr Celal explained: "If that balance goes out of equilibrium, there will be a surplus or shortage of supply and lights will go off."
Currently, the national grid relies on coal and gas-powered generators during these periods as their output of power can be easily regulated.
In contrast, renewable energy sources are dependent on factors that are out of human control, such as wind or solar energy, so are not always able to increase their output of electricity to match demand.
Mr Celal added: "We are now creating flexible products to manage demand to fit supply, as opposed to the old way where supply always tried to fit demand.
"We're moving to a more supply-led electricity system."
Driving a shift for energy use in data centres
Upside Energy's cloud-based advanced algorithmic Flexibility Platform has the capability to provide demand response and orchestrate more than 100,000 devices or systems running in parallel at real-time.
The software will remotely monitor the power supplies to Verviv's UK customers that opt in, allowing them to track how their batteries are being used and whether they are functioning properly.
The monitoring capability also minimises the risk that batteries might get depleted while sitting idle and waiting to be called upon in a potential emergency.
Emiliano Cevenini, vice-president of commercial and industrial vertical markets for Vertiv in Europe, Middle East and Africa, said: "We are committed to delivering best-in-class and mission-critical technologies, while also finding new ways to utilise our solutions for innovative and alternative applications.
"In today's world, it is vital for organisations to optimise their energy consumption and costs – while we are not energy producers, we can definitely help companies leverage UPS battery storage and cut energy costs."
Pritil Gunjan, senior research analyst at Navigant Research, added: "The proliferation of distributed energy resources and a growing percentage of intermittent renewables in the grid is driving the requirement for more grid energy storage.
"Technology solutions that can support grid interactivity and resource integration should help meet some of that need.
"Importantly, it also provides an opportunity for data centres and other infrastructure operators to make the important shift from being relatively passive consumers of energy to energy prosumers."


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e-Health Tech is the portal to Aalborg University's research and innovation activities related to welfare technology. The new multi-disciplinary research center unifies the existing strongholds at Aalborg Univeristy within the fields of ICT and health technology. e-Health Tech aims to continue improving these health-ICT competences and to create cutting edge welfare technologies.
The core of e-Health Tech:
- Information and communication technologies for improved health
- Integration of health technologies
- Transformation of research into commercial, innovative and user-friendly solutions
- User-driven innovation for the denefit of the individual citizen
- Developing assistive technical devices which support patients in their own home
- Inter-disciplinary research


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Rock Products - The Leading Voice of the Aggregate Industries.
The Black and White Benefits of Manufactured Sand.
By David Morrow
Natural sand and gravel extraction has always been a critical component of the aggregates industry. But this is becoming increasingly difficult. There are two main reasons why.
First, natural sand reserves are declining rapidly. Urban expansion, local legislation and environmental constraints have made the extraction of natural sand and gravel an expensive activity. Application processes for greenfield sand and gravel extraction are often long, expensive affairs with a high chance of site applications being rejected.
The challenges of extraction have had a negative effect on the bottom line for many producers. Concrete plants require a consistent, quality sand to optimize their production and minimize their cement usage. In many regions of the world, the extraction of sand and gravel is heavily taxed or banned completely to try to preserve remaining deposits. The industry must find alternatives to meet the growing demand for fine aggregates.
Urban expansion and depleted resources have increased the distance between the point of extraction and the point of use. Road congestion has increased the travel time from deposit to batching plant for many operators. This, coupled with a decline in the number of operations, has increased prices for the end user.
The second reason is purely economic. A growing number of quarry operators have found that processed, high-quality manufactured sand can improve their bottom line and significantly reduce the percentage of waste and low-value by-products. Customer requirements for production less than 20 mm, especially for 7/10 mm, mean that significant amounts of 0/7 mm are produced as a by-product.
By utilizing the correct process equipment, low-value crusher dust can be processed into a high-value, premium product. Concrete, mortar and asphalt sand production is possible depending on material characteristics and regional regulations. The benefits of this process are twofold: the producer secures new product offerings and reduces low-value product; and the customer has access to a secure supply of sand with a stable grading curve.
End-Product Performance
Production of high-quality manufactured sand requires special knowledge in fine crushing and separation technology to achieve end-product performance.
Processing is the key to producing a marketable product. The production of quality manufactured sand, along with its process and process control, is integral to customer success.
The two factors that are of the greatest concern to the end users of manufactured sand are compliance with local regulations and the consistency of the product.
 - Compliance with manufactured sand gradation is required not only at the bottom of the curve, but throughout the product envelope.
 - Product consistency allows a more predictable mix to be produced than is achievable with natural sand due to normal natural variations in dug sand gradation. This means that end users of manufactured sand don't have to allow a safety factor to mitigate for natural gradation variations and can achieve binder savings.
Sand Solution Equipment
Operators generally have exacting requirements. Specifications vary from region to region and successful implementation of manufactured sand differs from operator to operator. Solutions should be modeled on best practices to meet what the market requires.
Cone crushing technology gives the producers high energy efficiency and capacity, good product gradation, a high reduction ratio and low sensitivity to rock hardness.
Cavity design for cone crushers should be optimized to ensure that crushing occurs along the full length of the crushing zone between the liners. This causes inter-particle crushing to occur, leading to the highest possible generation of the required fines and cubically shaped products.
Advances in high-speed cones with high clamping forces offer the opportunity to produce well-graded and shaped <20-mm product including well graded manufactured sand.
Vertical shaft impact (VSI) crushing technology has the advantage of being able to process fine, unscalped, heterogeneous and irregular feeds. Unlike cones, VSI shaping is not influenced by the closed side setting (CSS), and shaping occurs throughout the product curve.
The sand produced from rock-on-rock crushing is proven to have sound performance in concrete and mortar products. Such sand is well known for its cubical shape and consistent gradation. The gradation and quality of the product from the VSI does not tail off with increased wear on parts. This leads to the highest possible quality of performance in concrete and mortar mixes leading to reduced production costs.
Air Classification Technology
There is a global trend afoot to utilize dry classification solutions to produce manufactured sand. The dry separation process separates fine and coarse particles.
This allows a reduced percentage of superfines in manufactured sand, thereby meeting specifications and achieving quality products.
Metso is one manufacturer that offers aggregate producers two classifier options. The gravitational inertial classifier is typically fed 0/4 mm or less and makes separations between 300 microns (50#) and 63 microns (230#). These units are ideal for use in the manufacturing of concrete and asphalt sands that typically require a reduction in the amount of 63 microns (230#) present. This unit is designed with an internal recirculating function that allows the efficiency of the separation to be adjusted depending on the desired grading curve.
When finer separations are required, the centrifugal classifier can make separations of between 100 microns (140#) and 20 microns (625#). This makes these units suitable for the production of very fine products such as lime, fly ash and fertilizers.
Metso's air classifier range provides versatile, economic technology that can be combined with a range of different crushing and screening equipment to produce a tailored plant. It allows for the production of dry products so there are no dewatering or drying costs. Process water is not required, which significantly reduces the quarries' water demand, settling pond requirements and makes arid regions viable.
No moving parts and ceramic linings mean exceptionally low maintenance and wear parts costs, even with the most abrasive of rock types. Highly efficient separation, even at very fine particle sizes, produces quality product and limits the amount of product in waste.
This article originally appeared in Metso Minerals' house magazine. Photos for this article courtesy of Metso Minerals.


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Definition of domed
a. - Furnished with a dome; shaped like a dome.
The word "domed" uses 5 letters: D D E M O.
No direct anagrams for domed found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after domed (in bold), or to ddemo in any order:
e - demode demoed g - dodgem l - molded o - doomed
Shorter words found within domed:
de demo do doe dom dome ed eddo em me med mo mod mode od odd ode oe om
List shorter words within domed, sorted by length
Words formed from any letters in domed, plus an optional blank or existing letter
List all words starting with domed, words containing domed or words ending with domed
All words formed from domed by changing one letter
Other words with the same letter pairs: do om me ed
Browse words starting with domed by next letter
Previous word in list: dome
Next word in list: domelike
Some random words: geanticline


What is trespassing?
Save in some exceptional circumstances, if anyone enters onto a piece of land that does not belong to them without permission, they commit a trespass.
Trespass can occur in a number of forms, from a trespassing structure to large groups of individuals. There is no need to show that any damage has been caused and it does not matter how reasonable the trespasser believes they have been, a land owner is entitled to take action to put a stop to this trespass.
Trespassing on land is rarely a criminal offence (this is different in respect of residential buildings). It is what is known as a tort. A tort is a civil wrong by one person against another.
However, the Police do have powers under Section 61-80 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 to require a trespasser to leave if
 - they believe that the trespassers intend to reside there;
 - steps have been taken to ask them to leave and damage to the land has occurred;
 - threatening or insulting words or behaviour have been used against the legal occupier of the land;
 - or there are more than a certain number of vehicles on the land.
If there is a failure to follow this direction as soon as reasonably practicable, or if a trespasser leaves and returns within three months, a criminal offence has been committed.
In short, the Police's powers are limited and normally only exercisable when there is damage to the property or there has been threatening behaviour.
Trespass incidents near Cambridge
On 30th August 2017, The Cambridge News reported that travellers had set up camps in various places including the car park of Bar Hill's TescoGreat Shelford's Rugby Club's field and the old St Felix School site in Newmarket, having split from a larger group. Presumably this was to avoid the provisions in the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 relating to the number of vehicles on the land.
Recent publicity surrounding the illegal traveller encampment at Witham Rugby Club is an example of how the Police are often powerless to assist a landowner. The Essex Chronicle reported on 2nd September 2017 via the EssexLive website, that a spokesman for the club had been told that there was not a lot that Police could do until an eviction notice was obtained.
How do you deal with trespassers?
In terms of the steps that a landowner can take to recover possession of their land, these include:
1. Common law eviction – This is the quickest, but not necessarily the cheapest means of removing trespassers from land. It cannot be used to remove a trespasser from residential property.
A notice normally needs to be properly served on the trespassers. If the trespassers remain after the expiry of this notice (which is generally 24-48 hours), reasonable force can then be used to remove them. However, this does not mean that the landowner is immune from any claims against him or her by the trespasser. If excessive force is used and belongings damaged, a claim, no matter how spurious, could be pursued by the trespasser against the landowner. Normally High Court Enforcement Officers are instructed to carry out a common law eviction. Their fees will depend on the circumstances and the number of travellers involved; the more officers required, the greater the cost.
A local authority will not generally use this method, as they have a duty to take into consideration the welfare of anyone on the land before evicting them. Local authorities will therefore generally follow court procedures.
2. Interim Possession order – if a trespasser is in a building, part of a building or land ancillary to a building (i.e. not on open land) then a land owner can potentially make an application to the Court for an interim possession order.
There are tight timetables to follow and the application must generally be made within 28 days of when the trespass commenced (subject to when it should reasonably have come to the landowners attention).
The benefit of an interim possession order is that the failure to comply with it is a criminal offence and that an interim, or temporary possession order will be made. However, the application generally involves two court hearings, which are normally heard quickly but not less than 3 days after the claim is issued, and there are court fees to pay. This is a good option to consider if the trespasser needs to be evicted quickly and before a final decision by a court as to whether or not a possession order should be made.
3. Standard possession claim – A standard possession claim against trespassers is normally dealt with by the courts more quickly than other trespass claims (for example, a trespass by a structure). Generally there will only be one hearing where a court will decide whether or not to make a possession order. If the deadline to make an application for an interim possession order has passed, then this is likely to be the best alternative option.
In any case of a trespass, it is important to act quickly. Not only may there be deadlines to take certain steps, on a practical level, it reduces the risk of financial loss and damage to property.
Cunningtons LLP can assist with the removal of trespassers from residential and commercial property, as well as open land. We also act for tenants and occupiers of land who may have acquired rights to remain there or have a legitimate dispute about whether or not a trespass is occurring.
This article is for information only and does not constitute legal advice.
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Economics Doctoral Students Secure National Science Foundation Funding
Economics doctoral students Brendan Livingston
and Carl Kitchens have received NSF Doctoral
Dissertation Research Improvement Grants.
By Liz Warren-Pederson
Doctoral students in economics at the Eller College have a long history of attracting grant funding for dissertation projects — Carl Kitchens and Brendan Livingston are the latest. Each was awarded a $10,000, one-year Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grant from the National Science Foundation Directorate for Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences.
"I'm trying to figure out what happened to private charities during the Great Depression," said Livingston. "Researchers are unsure why current poverty relief is provided by the government rather than by churches and charities."
One theory, he noted, is that New Deal legislation forced people to donate to the poor, reducing voluntary contributions to private charities. "Previous data about this time period is inconclusive because we don't have data on donations to charities," he explained. "The NSF grant allows me to create a data set where I observe both donations and spending by charities before and during the Great Depression. This allows me to tell a story about what happened to private charities during the Great Depression."
Kitchens, meanwhile, is working on a paper that explores eminent domain, or the power of the state to seize a citizen's private property, such as land, with compensation but without consent. The paper uses data from the Tennessee Valley Authority, one of the biggest eminent domain cases in the country's history. Some of Kitchens' data indicates that the project may have lowered electricity costs less than projected.
Other recent recipients of dissertation grants from the NSF include:
Jonathan Fox: "Public Health Movements, Local Poor Relief, and Child Mortality in the United States: _PHONE_."
Jedidiah Brewer: "The Effect of Hypermart Entry on Traditional Gasoline Retailers: Evidence from a Natural Experiment."
Samuel Allen: "Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Political Economy of Worker's Compensation Benefits: 1940 -2000."
Ryan Johnson: "Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Economic Progress of American Black
Workers in Periods of Crisis and Change, _PHONE_."
Melissa Thomasson: "Examining the Impact of Government Tax Policies on the Development of the
Market for Health Insurance."
Learn more about doctoral studies in the Department of Economics.


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Face Identification by a Cascade of Rejection Classifiers
MetadataShow full item record
Nearest neighbor search is commonly employed in face recognition but it does not scale well to large dataset sizes. A strategy to combine rejection classifiers into a cascade for face identification is proposed in this paper. A rejection classifier for a pair of classes is defined to reject at least one of the classes with high confidence. These rejection classifiers are able to share discriminants in feature space and at the same time have high confidence in the rejection decision. In the face identification problem, it is possible that a pair of known individual faces are very dissimilar. It is very unlikely that both of them are close to an unknown face in the feature space. Hence, only one of them needs to be considered. Using a cascade structure of rejection classifiers, the scope of nearest neighbor search can be reduced significantly. Experiments on Face Recognition Grand Challenge (FRGC) version 1 data demonstrate that the proposed method achieves significant speed up and an accuracy comparable with the brute force Nearest Neighbor method. In addition, a graph cut based clustering technique is employed to demonstrate that the pairwise separability of these rejection classifiers is capable of semantic grouping.


11 Parts of an Award Certificate
How many of these elements does your certificate design have?
An award certificate for recognizing achievements is a simple piece of paper. There is usually a title plus the name of the recipient but there are also a few more components that make up most award certificates.
The components discussed here apply primarily to certificates of achievement; employee, student, or teacher recognition awards; and certificates of participation. Diplomas and similar official documents of certification may have additional elements related to their legal status.
Necessary Text Elements
Most informal certificates include the following items:
 - Title: Usually, at the top of the certificate, the title is the main headline that usually reflects the type of document. It may be as simple as the word Award or Certificate of Achievement. Longer titles might incorporate the name of the organization giving the award or some catchy title such as Johnson Tileworks Employee of the Month Award or Award to the Wise Spelling Bee Certificate of Participation.
 - Presentation Line: This short line of text usually follows the title and may say is awarded to, is hereby presented to or some other variation, followed by the recipient. Alternately, it may read something like: This certificate is presented on [DATE] by [FROM] to [RECIPIENT].
 - Recipient: Simply the name of the person, persons, or group receiving the award. In some cases, the recipient's name is enlarged or made to stand out as much as or even more than the title.
 - From: This element presents the name of the person or organization bestowing the award. It may be explicitly stated in the text of the certificate or implied by the signature at the bottom or perhaps by having a company logo on the certificate.
 - Description: The reason for the certificate is explained here. It could be a simple statement (such as a high score in a bowling tournament) or a lengthier paragraph outlining specific characteristics or achievements of the award recipient. The best award certificates are personalized to reflect exactly why the recipient is receiving the recognition.
 - Date: The date when the certificate was earned or presented is usually written out before, within, or after the description. Typically the date is spelled out as in 31st Day of October or Fifth Day of May 2017.
 - Signature: Most certificates have a space near the bottom where the certificate is signed by a representative of the organization authorizing the award. The name or title of the signatory may also be included below the signature. Sometimes there may be space for two signatories, such as the company president and the recipient's immediate supervisor.
Important Graphic Elements
Beyond the text elements, most informal awards and certificates include a handful of common visual motifs:
 - Border: Not every certificate has a frame or border around it, but it's a common component.
 - Logo: Some organizations may include a logo or some other image related to the organization or subject of the certificate. For example, a school might include their mascot, a club might use a picture of a golf ball for a golf club award, or a picture of a book for a summer reading program participation certificate.
 - Seal: A certificate might have a seal affixed (such as stick-on gold starburst seal) or have an image of a seal printed directly on the certificate.
 - Lines: Some certificates may include blank spaces while others will have lines, like a fill-in-the-blank form where the name, description, date, and signature go (to be either typed or handwritten).
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The following tarpaulin manufacturers tell you about the requirements of PE tarpaulins for raw materials!
In the production process of PE tarpaulin, the requirements for raw materials are often very strict, because if the material is unqualified, the quality of the tarpaulin will definitely be affected. The requirements for raw materials of PE tarpaulin are as follows:
During the production of PE tarpaulin, if there are impurities, it will damage the catalyst system and its function, and directly affect the quality of the tarpaulin. Therefore, the quality of the product is high and the corresponding price is high if PE polyethylene material is used. But the service is also good. In the production of PE tarpaulin, some additives are also used, but it should be noted that the purer the additive, the better, because it can effectively reduce the consumption of raw materials and the emission of pollutants, which is very beneficial to environmental protection. Also, the higher the purity of PE polyethylene, the better.
The above is the requirements for raw materials in the production process of PE tarpaulin. It can be seen that the requirements for raw materials are still very strict. Because of this, the quality of the tarpaulin during subsequent use is guaranteed.


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Motion for Entrepreneurs
Meet Alex, a passionate entrepreneur embarking on a journey to build a successful business. With Motion's workspaces feature, Alex can streamline his tasks, projects, and collaborations to achieve optimal productivity. Let's follow Alex as he sets up his workspaces in Motion.
- 1.Alex opens Motion and heads to the Settings section.
- 2.He clicks on "Workspaces" and selects "Add Workspace" to create his first workspace.
- 3.Naming it "Startup Ventures," Alex envisions this workspace as the hub for his business-related tasks and projects.
- 4.He invites his co-founder and key team members to join the workspace, ensuring seamless collaboration.
- 1.Within the "Startup Ventures" workspace, Alex creates dedicated project folders for each of his ventures, such as "Product Development," "Marketing Strategy," and "Financial Planning."
- 2.He assigns relevant tasks to team members, sets due dates, and adds detailed descriptions to ensure clarity and accountability.
- 3.Alex leverages the workspace's file-sharing capabilities, uploading important documents, design assets, and market research data, allowing easy access for all stakeholders.
- 1.As Alex's business grows, he establishes a separate workspace called "Client Engagements."
- 2.Within this workspace, he creates project folders for each client, enabling efficient management and communication.
- 3.Alex assigns tasks to his team members, tracks project milestones, and maintains open lines of communication through comments and updates within the workspace.
With Motion's intuitive workspaces, Alex transforms his entrepreneurial aspirations into organized realities. By creating dedicated workspaces for his business and client projects, he harnesses the power of collaboration, efficiency, and clarity. Join Alex on his entrepreneurial journey and experience the transformative impact of Motion workspaces in propelling your business forward.


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Operating systems and runtime environments typically provide some form of isolation between applications. For example, Microsoft Windows uses processes to isolate applications. This isolation is necessary to ensure that code running in one application cannot adversely affect other, unrelated applications.
Application domains provide an isolation boundary for security, reliability, and versioning, and for unloading assemblies. Application domains are typically created by runtime hosts, which are responsible for bootstrapping the common language runtime before an application is run.
This section explains how to use application domains to provide isolation between assemblies.
In This Section
- Application Domains Overview
Provides an overview of application domains.
- Application Domains and Assemblies
Describes the relationship between application domains and assemblies.
- Application Domains and Threads
Describes the relationship between application domains and operating system threads.
- Programming with Application Domains
Describes how to program with application domains.


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Binghamton University research links digital images and cameras
Child pornographers will soon have a harder time escaping prosecution thanks to a stunning new technology in development at Binghamton University, State University of New York, that can reliably link digital images to the camera with which they were taken, in much the same way that tell-tale scratches are used by forensic examiners to link bullets to the gun that fired them.
"The defense in these kind of cases would often be that the images were not taken by this person's camera or that the images are not of real children," said Jessica Fridrich, associate professor of electrical and computer engineering. "Sometimes child pornographers will even cut and paste an image of an adult's head on the image of a child to try to avoid prosecution.
"But if it can be shown that the original images were taken by the person's cell phone or camera, it becomes a much stronger case than if you just have a bunch of digital images that we all know are notoriously easy to manipulate."
Fridrich and two members of her Binghamton University research team – Jan Lukas and Miroslav Goljan – are coinventors of the new technique, which can also be used to detect forged images.
The three have applied for two patents related to their technique, which provides the most robust strategy for digital image forgery detection to date, even as it improves significantly on the accuracy of other approaches.
Fridrich's technique is rooted in the discovery by her research group of this simple fact: Every original digital picture is overlaid by a weak noise-like pattern of pixel-to-pixel non-uniformity.
Although these patterns are invisible to the human eye, the unique reference pattern or "fingerprint" of any camera can be electronically extracted by analyzing a number of images taken by a single camera.
That means that as long as examiners have either the camera that took the image or multiple images they know were taken by the same camera, an algorithm developed by Fridrich and her co-inventors to extract and define the camera's unique pattern of pixel-to-pixel non-uniformity can be used to provide important information about the origins and authenticity of a single image.
The limitation of the technique is that it requires either the camera or multiple images taken by the same camera, and isn't informative if only a single image is available for analysis.
Like actual fingerprints, the digital "noise" in original images is stochastic in nature – that is, it contains random variables – which are inevitably created during the manufacturing process of the camera and its sensors. This virtuallyensures that the noise imposed on the digital images from any particular camera will be consistent from one image to the next, even while it is distinctly different.
In preliminary tests, Fridrich's lab analyzed 2,700 pictures taken by nine digital cameras and with 100 percent accuracy linked individual images with the camera that took them.
Fridrich, who specializes in all aspects of information hiding in digital imagery, including watermarking for authentication, tamper detection, self-embedding, robust watermarking, steganography and steganalysis, as well as forensic analysis of digital images, says it is the absence of the expected digital fingerprint in any portion of an image that provides the most conclusive evidence of image tampering.
In the near future, Fridrich's technique promises to find application in the analysis of scanned and video imagery. There it can be expected to make life more difficult for forgers, or any others whose criminal pursuits rely on the misuse of digital images.
"We already know law enforcement wants to be able to use this," Fridrich said. "What we have right now is a research tool; it's a raw technology that we will continue to improve."


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Turbulent Characteristic Length/Turbulent Length Scale
I wanted to know that while running cfd analysis of a flow in FLUENT, how does one decide on an initial guess for the Turbulent Characteristic Length?
For eg. I was trying to simulate flow over an obstacle and I took the length scale(l) as 1.5% of the inlet height. The obstacle is an ellipsoid and the inlet height is 1.4 m and the width is 1.5 m. The characteristic length of the obstacle is.8 m. Is 1.5%(of 1.4 m) too less an estimate for the Turbulence Length Scale?
How exactly is an initial guess for turbulence length scale made?
Thank you. :)
In the notice of FLUENT (chapter 7.2) they give the characteristics:
l (length scale) = 0.007 L (L=diameter)
k (Turb. kinetic energy) = 1.5*(u*I)² u=velocity
epsilon (turb dissipation rate) = 0.09^(3/4)*k^(1.5)/l (length scale)
it's a first approximation, it's good for initialization.
Thanks. I'll look into it. :)
And also, on a separate topic, I've been reading about hydrodynamic derivatives and its written everywhere that Nr is large and negative while Nv is small and of uncertan sign. What I want to know is, are these values(large and small) with respect to each other? Or are they with respect to (Mr, Mv, Kr, Kv) or (Yv and Yr non-dimensionalized)?
If you can help me out with this, I'd be much obliged. Thanks. :)
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How to Use This Playbook
In most cases, a playbook is a spiral-bound notebook that outlines a strategy for a sport or a game. Whether it is a football game, a video game, or even a board game, playbooks are all around us, and when written properly provide immediate and easily understood direction. Playbooks can also provide general information; then, it is up to the users of the playbook to tailor it to their individual needs.
Playbooks contain pictures, diagrams, quick reference, definitions, and often step-by-step illustrations to explain certain parts. You can use playbooks to either help you understand the entire game or you can pick and choose and focus on one element. The bottom line is that any playbook should be easy to read and to the...
Get The Kanban Playbook now with O'Reilly online learning.


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Everyone loves birds. They are majestic and inspiring. They are dedicated parents. Their sweet songs fill the air with life. They're also a great way to learn about nature and science.
"Imagine a school class having fun and learning about biology by playing a game of Bird Bingo or Habitat Scavenger Hunt," said Les Fruits de Mer President Jenn Yerkes. "We're excited to make that possible by offering a free training program for teachers and educators. It can be used in the classroom and outdoors and it was made for the Caribbean."
BirdSleuth Caribbean is a set of fun lessons and activities that uses birds to teach youth about nature and science. BirdSleuth Caribbean has been specially adapted for the region, so kids learn about the birds and habitats that they can see around them. It's designed for students 9-13 years old. The program contains lessons, activities and learning games that can be done in the classroom and outdoors.
Les Fruits de Mer will be hosting free training in the BirdSleuth program with instructor Binkie van Es. Participants will enjoy hands-on training and receive materials to bring back to their class or youth group. On each training day, 4-5 different games and activities will be taught.
"It's an amazing feeling to see kids fall in love with birds and science through the BirdSleuth program," explained BirdSleuth instructor Binkie van Es. "Birds are the perfect gateway to a love of nature and a passion for learning. The activities are a lot of fun for teachers, too!"
The training will be at Amuseum Naturalis at The Old House on two Saturdays: September 22 and Sept 29, from 9am-1pm. It will be bilingual in English and French. It is free, and lunch will be served after each training session. If you are interested, please contact [email protected]itsdemer.com to reserve your spot in the free training.


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|Celebrating Women's Day|
The upheaval of the sixties and the women's movement of the seventies finally brought about the lasting changes that many of our grandmothers and great-grandmothers had started fighting for in the early 1900's.
|National Women's History Project|
Although times have changed, they still remain the same. You will find the women of the cemetery usually bear one of these descriptive names on their stones to describe their station in life; daughter, sister, aunt, wife, mother, grandmother, widow. On older stones, the term consort or relict was used to describe the woman's marital status.
From the 17th through 19th centuries, consort was usually used on the graves of women, although a man could also be a consort. The word consort was normally used in this manner:
Mary LaPlant faired better in regard to information about her life. Mary was the consort, or spouse, of Lambert Barrots. Both her birth and death dates were listed along with 'LaPlant', which was probably, her birth name possibly used as a middle name.
Relict was another term from the 17th and 18th centuries that meant the woman was the surviving spouse of the marriage and had not remarried. Relict was used much as our term widow is used today to describe a woman whose spouse has died before her.
Most of the other relationship terms used to describe a woman remain the same. They can give us more insight into the lives of our female ancestors, and yet, it seems, never quite enough.
Daughter describes any female descendent or offspring.
Charlotte Snyder was a daughter. Unfortunately we do not know whose daughter, nor do we know the exact dates of her birth or death.
'Mary dau. (daughter) of L.J. & M.E. Miles' had a more detailed stone. Mary's death date and age were listed, along with the symbol of a rosebud, used to indicate the lose of a young life.
Sister is a female who has both parents in common with another offspring. Sister is not as prevalent on gravestones as other relationship terms.
Two sisters will share this marker. Each has her married name on the stone. Unfortunately, for genealogy purposes, we do not know what their birth name was.
Aunt describes a female who is the sister or sister-in-law of your parent.
With this stone designation of Aunt, we may assume that Hannah never married. Her birth and death dates were listed, along with her middle name.
Wife is the female partner in a marriage.
Catharine – wife of Samuel Thorn with a date of death listed, although covered up by years of soil buildup. Samuel had a willow tree placed on the stone, a symbol of mourning.
Anna B. was the wife of John G. Frisz. Anna's birth and death years were listed and her stone was very substantial and ornate.
This couple's stone showed Edward's birth and death years, but for Ella, only the year of her birth. Did she move away, remarry or did someone just forget to have the date of her passing engraved in the stone?
Mother – a female, who has given birth to a child, adopted a child or raised a child. The female parent.
Charlotte T. Engle's stone showed her birth and death dates along with the simple inscription 'Mother.'
Myrtle's stone indicated that she was someone's mother and the year of her birth and death.
There are also the poignant stones, such as 'Hattie Clark and Daughter.' No dates, no name for the child.
Grandmother – The mother of your mother or father.
Grandmother is another designation, which is seldom found on gravestones.
Naomi Graves Bray was honored with the term 'Grandmother' placed on her stone, along with her birth and death years and a religious symbol.
Other designations, or lack of, that can create a dilemma about who these women were:
This stone tells us only that Elizabeth was buried here, along with her birth and death years. No last name, no relationship designation.
Here, a bit more detail, Flora's last name - Clement. A birth year was given, but no death year.
This stone is intriguing. The large marble marker was used for the grave of Jesse Cravens' wife who died in 1885. A four-line epitaph was engraved at the bottom. But I find the semicolon a mystery. Was it used to indicate an omitted or unknown letter? If so, then Jesse Cravens had nothing to do with this stone, as he should have known the spelling of his wife's name. So who had this stone erected? And why use a semicolon instead of a question mark if the letter or letters were unknown? Does any one have any ideas?
This stone tells of someone much beloved.
And it seems only fitting to close out with a stone that seems to sum up Women's History Month.
"James Henry – Husband of Beatrice Steel"
Beatrice Steel – Touché'!


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Agricultural Buffer Setbacks
To further protect commercial agricultural land from potential conflicts with non-agricultural uses, a 200 foot agricultural buffer setback is required between habitable uses (includes outdoor areas) and land designated as an Agricultural Resource Type in the County General Plan. The buffer is measured from the proposed habitable area and/or habitable structure to the property line of the parcel designated as an Agricultural Resource Type. Proposals to construct within the 200 foot buffer will be considered by the Agricultural Policy Advisory Commission (APAC) at a public hearing.
Examples of common uses that will require approval of an Agricultural Buffer Reduction from the Agricultural Policy Advisory Commission at a Public Hearing:
- Single Family Dwellings
- Accessory Dwelling Units
- Habitable Accessory Structures
- Outdoor spaces associated with a habitable use such as patios, decks, and swimming pools.
- Commercial, industrial, recreational, or institutional structures
- Outdoor areas associated with a commercial, industrial, recreational, or institutional use such as public parking, dining patios, and other areas designed for intensive human use.
Examples of uses that will require administrative level approval of an Agricultural Buffer Reduction (no public hearing):
- Additions to existing residential construction including single family dwellings and habitable accessory structures.
- Additions to existing structures for private recreational facilities
- Agricultural Caretakers' Mobile Homes
Exceptions to the Agricultural Buffer Requirement:
- Additions of 1,000 square feet or less to an existing legal Single Family Dwelling that already encroaches into the 200 foot agricultural buffer setback as long as the addition does not encroach further into the 200 foot buffer setback.
In most cases, agricultural buffer reductions can be approved if features are proposed or present that mitigate potential negative impacts to adjacent or surrounding commercial agricultural land. Existing mitigations can include changes in topography, permanent substantial vegetation, or other physical barriers between the agriculture and non-agricultural uses. Proposed mitigations include the establishment of a physical barrier, typically a 6 foot tall solid wood fence with a vegetative buffer and the recordation of a Statement of Acknowledgement on the property title which acknowledges the potential for conflicts between the agricultural and non-agricultural uses.
County Code Section 16.50.095
Recommended Agricultural Buffer Planting List