shelf or at the supermarket.
You don't want to pay more than you can afford, but you can't really go wrong buying cheaper food online.
Avoid buying food that has a bad smell or smells that are not fresh When buying food online, look to avoid items that
Migraine visual therapy app,visualizing visual aura,opens for pre-order
The Migraine Visual Aura app, launched today, is an app that visualizes the visual aura that's associated with migraines.
The app uses your iPhone or iPad to capture an image of the aura and a text message to alert you when it's being processed.
The image can be viewed on your iPhone's camera roll, iPad's front camera, or your iPhone, iPad or Mac.
The aura is then visually shown on a page in the app, and it can be visually displayed on a website, email, or even a wall.
The Migraines app is available for free in the App Store for iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad and iPad Pro.
The Migraine app, which is available now for $1.99 on the Apple App Store, is a new type of visual therapy for people with migraine.
Migraine is the most common type of headache and affects about 5% of people, according to the National Institute on Neurological Disorders and Stroke.
According to Migraine Treatment Centers, about one in six people have migrainitis.
You can get a free download of the Migraine App on your phone or tablet and have it automatically uploaded to your iCloud account when you are awake and alert.
You can also have it downloaded from your computer and downloaded to your iPhone when you're asleep.
 Migraine Visual aura app, iPhone, Apple, iPhone 4S, iPad, iPhone 5, iPad 6, iPad Pro, iPad Air, iPad mini, iPad Retina, iPad Migraines, Migraine, Visual Aura, Visual therapy, Visual aura, visual therapy
How to make a visual acuture test for your work environment
Visual acuity tests are a great tool to help you improve your visual actual acuity.
But they can also have a big cost.
Here are six reasons why you need to be careful when choosing your test results.
It costs you more to get a test than it does to do it right 1.
Visual acu_tance is a measure of visual acuctivity that is a combination of several different tests, all of which rely on different information.
These tests all measure how well your eyes can focus on one thing at a time, as opposed to a more static test.
They all take time, which is why they tend to be more expensive.
So when you choose a visual test, be sure to get the test that is the least expensive, since it is more accurate and takes less time.
Visual tests also typically include a few extra components that make them more expensive to administer.
For example, a visual scan is more time consuming, because you need a technician to perform it.
In addition, a test like a visual arc test (which involves a line of sight to a point) can take up to four hours to complete, and you need the technician to see what is in the line of vision before the test can take place.
The result?
A visual acutance test is often more expensive than the actual test.
It's hard to know if you're having a bad day when you have a visual problem 3.
There's a lot of variability in how visual acustance test results are reported 4.
It can be difficult to understand what's happening when you're not seeing the results 5.
You can get an inaccurate reading for how well you're doing on your visual exam If your test is wrong, you might be able to get an incorrect answer because you're experiencing a visual impairment, like blindsight.
In such a case, you can take a visual exam to check your visual perception.
Visual exam results are more likely to be wrong if your test involves a subject who is visually impaired, because visual impairment affects the amount of information your eyes see and how they interpret it.
This means that a visual image that is difficult for your eyes to process can be interpreted incorrectly.
The exact visual information that you need from your visual test can vary from person to person, depending on your age, disability, and your physical abilities.
For instance, you may be able see a pattern in a visual pattern, but you may not be able identify it as an object.
So your visual-impaired person might be better able to tell you what's going on, while your visual impaired person may have trouble.
It may be worth your time to take a test if you think you may have a problem that is affecting your vision, or if you feel your vision is being affected by something else.
It doesn't tell you anything about your visual system and how it works In the past, visual acitances were based on what you could see.
But since the 1980s, scientists have discovered that visual acativities vary across different areas of the body, which means that it is possible to see things differently than people with visual disabilities.
For people with hearing loss, for instance, visual perception is much better than it is for those with visual impairment.
People with severe eye disease may be more sensitive to light and darkness, and they may see things that are more like what you might see in a dark room.
This might lead to people seeing things that they normally wouldn't, like things that aren't in a straight line.
These findings have led some people to call visual acintence tests "blindsight" tests.
The word blindsight can refer to different types of blindness, like visual impairment and cataract.
This is where visual acumen comes into play.
This type of vision impairment can affect your ability to detect objects and people.
It also means that your visual ability can be affected by a number of things, like how your body reacts to light.
This can lead to different visual acotions that vary across people.
When you're working on a visual-based exam, make sure you get the right visual acentration test.
You don't need a visual testing kit to tell whether your visual function is good or bad, but getting the right test can help you get your visual problems under control.
You should get the testing kit that is most appropriate for you, and make sure it has a few extras that you're willing to pay for.
Here's how to get your test done.
How to get Visual Studio Code up and running online without a subscription
Visual Studio Developer's Kit Developer's Kits are a subscription-based subscription to Visual Studio that allow you to develop software for Windows, Mac, Linux, and Android devices.
In order to get them, you'll need to pay for the development version of Visual Studio.
You can see what the Developer's Packs cost on Amazon.com.
You'll also need to be an active subscriber on a Visual Studio account to get the subscription.
Microsoft recently launched the Visual Studio Mobile Development Kit, but you can't sign up for that yet.
To get Visual Studios Developer's Pack, you can either purchase it through the Microsoft Store or the Microsoft Developer Network, but it will cost you $99 for a yearly subscription.
You will be charged $99 a month.
The Visual Studio Professional license costs $399.
If you want to build apps for other platforms, such as iOS and Android, you will need to buy the Developer Program.
It costs $499 for a lifetime license, and you'll also be charged a $199 annual subscription fee.
The developer program has not launched yet, so it's not yet clear if it will be available in the near future.
You also will need an Apple ID and an Apple-approved Apple ID password, so that you can sign in to your Developer's License on iOS and on Android.
You don't need to have Visual Studio installed on your Mac, Windows, or Linux PC.
If all of these things are not on your list, you may want to look at other developers kits like Unity, or for Android developers who are looking to get their apps up and working.
If those are your primary goals, you should consider paying for the Visual C++ 2017 Developer Kit, which includes a license to build and run iOS and Windows apps, as well as Android apps.
If there are other considerations that you'd like to include, then you'll want to keep reading to find out more.
Get Visual Studio 2017 for Windows for free from Microsoft's website The Microsoft Store also has a lot of developer tools that aren't on the Developer Pack.
There's no subscription option for Visual Studio, but if you sign up to a Developer Program and then purchase a Developer Kit for Windows 10 or Windows Phone 8.1, you're automatically upgraded to the VisualStudio Professional License.
You're also charged $499 a year for a license, so you'll be charged more than $99.
If that sounds like an expensive deal, you could save money by going with the free version of the Visual Suite.
You get a free Visual Studio 2016 Express, which is a more powerful, fully featured, and more powerful Visual Studio product.
You might want to consider a paid version of this Visual Studio Express license, which costs $899 a year, which gives you the same features and features as the Developer Kit.
If this is the best option for you, you might also want to check out Microsoft's Windows developer portal, which offers a number of other developers licenses, such the Visual Web Developer Licensing, the Visual Internet Developer Licencing, the Developer Console Licensing (for Windows 10 and Windows Phone), and Visual Studio Enterprise Server.
Windows developer tools on Microsoft's developer portal for Windows and macOS


Friday, January 11, 2013
Amalekites - What About the Children?
We've already seen that there were lots of ways out for individual Amalekites who wanted to run away. We have seen that the primary intention of God's command in 1 Samuel 15:3 is to stop the Israelites profiting from the destruction of the Amalekites. But given that command what about children who remained? Would they have been killed?
Probably, yes. And that's hard to say.
But think about the situation. We've seen that the Israelite army was huge and slow-moving - that there was plenty of time for people to get away. Whose fault is it if children stay behind for a battle? Whose fault is it if a parent takes their children to war and the children get killed?
It's the parents' fault, isn't it? Let's take an example from WW2. Just before the D-Day invasion, the Allies parachuted troops into France to secure vital bridges and so on. The normal orders for such troops is to take no prisoners, just like for the Israelite army. Now suppose they are faced by a column of German infantry, and the column includes women and children, who are also fighting. Whose fault is it if those children die? Is it Churchill's, for ordering that the troops take no prisoners? Or is it their parents' for making them fight when they should be keeping them safe?
Same here.
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Paper Abstract and Keywords
Presentation 2018-04-26 16:50
Interval Algorithm for Random Number Generation in the Case of Markov Coin Tossings
Yasutada Oohama (Univ. Electro-Communications) NLP2018-12
Abstract (in Japanese) (See Japanese page)
(in English) In this paper we analyze the interval algorithm for random number
generation proposed by Han and Hoshi in the case of Markov coin tossings. Using the expression of real numbers on the interval [0,1), we first establish an explicit representation of the interval algorithm with the representation of real numbers on the interval [0,1) based one number systems. Next, using the expression of the interval algorithm, we give a rigorous analysis of the interval algorithm. We discuss the difference between the expected number of the coin tosses in the interval algorithm and their upper bound derived by Han and Hoshi and show that it can be characterized explicitly with the established expression of the
interval algorithm.
Keyword (in Japanese) (See Japanese page)
(in English) Random number generation / interval algorithm / Markov coin tossings / number systems / performance analysis / / /
Reference Info. IEICE Tech. Rep., vol. 118, no. 15, NLP2018-12, pp. 53-58, April 2018.
Paper # NLP2018-12
Date of Issue 2018-04-19 (NLP)
Download PDF NLP2018-12
Conference Information
Committee NLP
Conference Date 2018-04-26 - 2018-04-27
Place (in Japanese) (See Japanese page)
Place (in English) Kumaoto Univ.
Topics (in Japanese) (See Japanese page)
Topics (in English) Discrete Dynamical Systems, Sequences, etc
Paper Information
Registration To NLP
Conference Code 2018-04-NLP
Language English
Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page)
Sub Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page)
Title (in English) Interval Algorithm for Random Number Generation in the Case of Markov Coin Tossings
Sub Title (in English)
Keyword(1) Random number generation
Keyword(2) interval algorithm
Keyword(3) Markov coin tossings
Keyword(4) number systems
Keyword(5) performance analysis
1st Author's Name Yasutada Oohama
1st Author's Affiliation The University of Electro-Communications (Univ. Electro-Communications)
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Date Time 2018-04-26 16:50:00
Presentation Time 25
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Paper # IEICE-NLP2018-12
Volume (vol) IEICE-118
Number (no) no.15
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Blog Articles Tagged: English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Why are some working in their 60s, and is it good for their well-being?
Pension ages in the UK are rising from the traditional 65 for men and 60 for women, as people live longer. But why are some working past these ages, and is this good for their well-being? Dr Giorgio Di Gessa from King's College London and colleagues have investigated why some work beyond state pension age… Read more »


text:
We have a great amount of flexibility with post-frame buildings. Their designs offer attractive features such overhangs, steeper roof pitch, porches, etc. Because their walls don't require interior supporting walls, you have open space inside to configure any why you want. You also get a lot of flexibility when it comes to exterior walls as well. It doesn't have to be steel. Almost any type of façade can be used like brick, blocks, vinyl and wood siding.
Most people are surprised to learn that post-frame buildings have more strength than other building methods. There are a number of reasons for this:
- Columns in the ground add a lot of stability and wind resistance to a building.
- Horizontal connected posts from an extremely strong box that adds to wind and seismic resistance.
- The direct attachment of trusses to post frame buildings gives them a virtually impossible for a roof to detach from the building.
- The Diaphragm effect that is created by the post-frame structure allows them to flex under extreme stress instead of cracking or collapsing like would happen with other structures.
Source: "The Post-Frame Advantage: It's Long-Lasting and Resilient." Frame Building News, January 2003.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
With OfSTED returning to publishing reports for inspections conducted before the coronavirus lockdown, we wanted to remind education and training providers that there will come a time when training programmes will be back in full operation and OfSTED will start to inspect again. After 6 weeks of lockdown, this is probably a good time to focus again on programme and curriculum design. Also, while there is talk about extending some framework programmes beyond the July 2020 deadline, apprenticeship providers could use this time to make the move to standards for all of their programmes. To support providers in this task we thought it would be helpful to release a short guide to help with this transition.
Difference between Programme and End Point Assessment Plans
Each apprenticeship standard has an assessment plan that sets out how learners complete their programmes. It is the job of the training provider and employer to get them there. To do this, providers, with the agreement of employers have to identify the knowledge, skills and behaviours needed and decide how these will be taught, developed and practised through on and off the job training. For apprenticeship delivery, there should be two types of assessment plans:
- Endpoint Assessment Plan – this is what will be used by the endpoint assessment organisation to assess the learner at the end of their programme with the grading criteria.
- Programme Assessment Plan – this is what will be agreed between the training provider and employer that sets out what learners need to know (knowledge, skills and behaviours) and why they need to know it. This is important as it links to OfSTED Quality of Education judgement. The what and why are the curriculum intent. In the assessment plan, providers should also set out how they are going to measure each work/evidence requirement and what the success criteria are for each – this is how curriculum impact is determined.
Programme assessment plans
Programme assessment plans help providers deliver apprenticeships and support learners in meeting the knowledge, skills and behaviours. By reviewing programme assessment plans teaching and training staff can also get a better understanding of apprentice learning, to make changes to their curriculum and pedagogies in the interest of improving teaching and learning.
Programme assessment plans allow training providers to implement a standardised process for designing and delivering high-quality programmes and meeting the OfSTED Quality of Education judgements. This is our recommended method of designing and developing apprenticeship programme assessment plans and providers make meaningful decisions about areas of strength and weakness in order to improve teaching and learning.
Step 1 – Identify the Apprenticeship standard outcomes
The first step is to identify the outcomes. In an apprenticeship programme, these are knowledge, skills and behaviours.
Step 2 – Determine the assessment measures
What do you need to do so that learners can demonstrate the necessary knowledge, skills and behaviours at the end of the programme? What tasks or evidence will they be required to complete or submit and what benchmark will define success, i.e all learners to achieve 80% pass mark for a test. To repeat what we have said – this is your curriculum intent – what is required and why and how will you determine if learners are meeting the required levels to be successful at the endpoint. In choosing measures and methods, providers should think carefully about what assessments are being set for learner and how they will provide you evidence that the knowledge, skills and behaviours are being met, that programme strengths can be built on and what learning and development needs are required by learners to drive programme improvement.
Step 3 – Mapping outcomes
Once you providers have identified the knowledge, skills and behaviours, they should map these to other assessment plans that may cover additional skills, knowledge an experiences. It is useful to map outcomes to other outcomes sets such as functional skills, safeguarding and Prevent.
Step 5 – Create the curriculum plan
The curriculum plan is critical in the design of the programme as it sets out the implementation. The curriculum should be made up of activities, modules or small courses and these should be mapped to the apprenticeship programme assessment plan. It is important for the curriculum plan to be properly sequenced and that learners, employers and the delivery staff know the logic of the order of delivery.
It is also recommended that as part of the curriculum planning process, staff also identify the 20% off the job training activities too.
Step 6 – Review the assessment plan
It is really important for providers to review their assessment plans. Having set out measures that will set success benchmarks, it is vital that at natural points in a programme these are reviewed and findings added against each of the measures. This should then feed into a programme improvement action plan. Importantly, the findings will also provide the analysis required to measure the curriculum impact.
This has been a difficult time for all education and training providers but it should also be used for positive development activities. Many providers will still be planning the recruitment of learners in September and October – this is now the perfect time to get those course right.


when (number) {
 0 -> println("Zero")
 else -> println("Non-zero")
In this example, the code will print the following:
The purpose of this when expression is to determine whether or not a number is zero. It will get more complex — I promise!
To handle a specific case, you add the value followed by -> which indicates the code that will execute if the condition is met. Then, you use else to signify what should happen for all other values. Unlike other languages such as Java, there is no need to include a break statement in each branch, as the when expression will only use the first matching branch and then return.
Here's another example:
when (number) {
 10 -> println("It's ten!")
This time you check for 10, in which case, you print a message. Nothing should happen for other values.
Of course, when expressions also work with data types other than integers. Here's an example using a string:
val string = "Dog"
when (string) {
 "Cat", "Dog" -> println("Animal is a house pet.")
 else -> println("Animal is not a house pet.")
This will print the following:
Animal is a house pet.
In this example, you provide two values for the first argument, meaning that if the value is equal to either "Cat" or "Dog", then the statement will execute that branch of the expression.
Returning values
You can also give your when expressions more than one branch. And, due to the fact that when is an expression, you can use it to return a value, just like you can with if expressions. You can also ignore the value if you want to just use when as a statement. A when expression will return the value from the first branch with a matching argument.
If you want to determine the name of the number, you can assign the value with a when expression as follows
val numberName = when (number) {
 2 -> "two"
 4 -> "four"
 6 -> "six"
 8 -> "eight"
 10 -> "ten"
 else -> {
 println("Unknown number")
println(numberName) // > ten
In the else branch, you've used braces to include an entire block of code in the branch. The last value in the block is returned from the branch, so if number were not in (2, 4, 6, 8, 10) then numberName would have the value "Unknown".
Advanced when expressions
In the previous chapter, you saw an if expression that used multiple else clauses to convert an hour of the day to a string describing that part of the day. You could rewrite that more succinctly with a when expression, like so:
val hourOfDay = 12
val timeOfDay: String
timeOfDay = when (hourOfDay) {
 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 -> "Early morning"
 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 -> "Morning"
 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 -> "Afternoon"
 17, 18, 19 -> "Evening"
 20, 21, 22, 23 -> "Late evening"
 else -> "INVALID HOUR!"
This code will print the following:
Remember ranges? Well, you can use ranges to simplify this when expression. You can rewrite the above code using ranges:
timeOfDay = when (hourOfDay) {
 in 0..5 -> "Early morning"
 in 6..11 -> "Morning"
 in 12..16 -> "Afternoon"
 in 17..19 -> "Evening"
 in 20..23 -> "Late evening"
 else -> "INVALID HOUR!"
This is more succinct than writing out each value individually for all branches.
When there are multiple branches, the expression will execute the first one that matches. You'll probably agree that this is more succinct and more clear than using an if expression for this example.
It's slightly more precise as well, because the if expression method didn't address negative numbers, which here are correctly deemed to be invalid.
It's also possible to match a branch to a condition based on a property of the value, without any argument being supplied to the when expression. As you learned in Chapter 2, you can use the modulo operator to determine if an integer is even or odd.
Consider this code:
when {
 number % 2 == 0 -> println("Even")
 else -> println("Odd")
This will print the following:
The first branch of this when expression uses the == operator, meaning the argument will match only when a certain condition is true.
In this example, you've designed the argument to match if the value is even — that is, if the value modulo 2 equals 0.
Another example of using conditions in when expressions to great effect is as follows:
when {
 x == 0 && y == 0 && z == 0 -> println("Origin")
 y == 0 && z == 0 -> println("On the x-axis at x = $x")
 x == 0 && z == 0 -> println("On the y-axis at y = $y")
 x == 0 && y == 0 -> println("On the z-axis at z = $z")
 else -> println("Somewhere in space at x = $x, y = $y, z = $z")
Here's what each branch does, in order:
 1. Matches precisely the case where the value is (0, 0, 0). This is the origin of 3D space.
 2. Matches y=0, z=0 and any value of x. This means the coordinate is on the x-axis.
 3. Matches x=0, z=0 and any value of y. This means the coordinate is on the y-axis.
 4. Matches x=0, y=0 and any value of z. This means the coordinate is on the z-axis.
 5. Matches the remainder of coordinates.
The final branch with the else clause is the default; it matches anything, because there are no constraints on any part of the coordinates. Here's an example of a more complex case:
when {
 x == y -> println("Along the y = x line.")
 y == x * x -> println("Along the y = x^2 line.")
Here, you match the "y equals x" and "y equals x squared" lines. Since there is no argument to the when expression, you do not need an else branch, and the when expression will not execute a branch if there is no matching condition. And those are the basics of when expressions!
 1. Write a when expression that takes an age as an integer and prints out the life stage related to that age. You can make up the life stages, or use my categorization as follows: 0-2 years, Infant; 3-12 years, Child; 13-19 years, Teenager; 20-39, Adult; 40-60, Middle aged; 61+, Elderly.
 2. Write a when expression that destructures a Pair containing a string and an integer. The string is a name, and the integer is an age. Use the same cases that you used in the previous exercise to print out the name followed by the life stage. For example, for myself it would print out "Joe is an adult.".
 1. In the following for loop, what will be the value of sum, and how many iterations will happen?
var sum = 0
for(i in 0..5) {
 sum += i
 1. In the while loop below, how many instances of "a" will there be in aLotOfAs? Hint: aLotOfAs.count tells you how many characters are in the string aLotOfAs.
var aLotOfAs = ""
while (aLotOfAs.length < 10) {
 aLotOfAs += "a"
 1. Consider the following when expression:
when {
 x == y && y == z -> println("x = y = z")
 z == 0 -> println("On the x/y plane")
 y == 0 -> println("On the x/z plane")
 x == 0 -> println("On the y/z plane")
 else -> println("Nothing special")
What will this code print when coordinates is each of the following?
val (x, y, z) = Triple(1, 5, 0)
val (x, y, z) = Triple(2, 2, 2)
val (x, y, z) = Triple(3, 0, 1)
val (x, y, z) = Triple(3, 2, 5)
val (x, y, z) = Triple(0, 2, 4)
 1. A closed range can never be empty. Why?
 2. Print a countdown from 10 to 0. (Note: Do not use the downTo method)
 3. Print 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0.
Key points
 - You can use ranges to create a sequence of numbers, incrementing to move from one value


Throat and Overtone Singing
A few years ago I found myself curious about death and near death experiences. I wondered what people experienced as they transitioned. While reading Beyond the Light (P.M.H Atwater, 2009) the author recounted an experience when she was confirmed dead. While physically dead, she heard sounds described as so beautiful, she could only begin to comparing them to Hoomi singing done by the Mongolians. Being a student of sound I was struck with her powerful experience.
A year or so later I looked up Hoomi singing on youtube and saw a video of a Mongolian man doing a simple song that employed overtone throatsinging, and had been filmed by a small group of Americans. Here it is below.
After hearing it, I felt a longing to learn how.
Still, I was not expecting to actually be able to learn how to sing harmonics. My thought was that such a thing must take years of practice and direct guidance and was this even something white people could do? Despite all this, my curiousity and desire eventually became so much that I began looking up videos on techniques and watching or listening to as many recordings of overtone singing and throatsinging that I could find. The information on the subject was all over the place and I found there were many variant styles - and many overlaps. Practicing and trying these techniques myself - while also just attempting to imitate the things I heard - I began to hear overtones in my own voice.
I started using overtones in performances, with friends, combined with other instruments. It was a discovery that led to numerous inspired moments when people could identify the audible overtone melody in my voice and also curious to hear their own melodies.
Overtone teaching came naturally and I enjoy helping others learn how to do overtone and throatsinging. After so much trial and error both in learning myself, and in teaching others, I became very good at guiding people into a powerful overtone or throatsinging practice in a fraction of the time it took me to get to where I am.
"Emile helped me improve my overtone singing in just one lesson. I am still working through his insight about it being more than just technique, that there is something you can contact."
 -David Robertson
Throatsinging for The Sound Mandala with Loriel Starr
Church of Eight Wheels, San Francisco
Curious about throatsinging? Want to learn more? Find harmonics in your voice and sing with overtones.
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© 2023 by Emile Janse.


The XTT^2 Attribute Specification
Author: Grzegorz J. Nalepa
Version: Draft 2008Q3
Please put bigger remarks/discussusion, to the attributes development page
The following assumptions for system modeling with ALSV(FD) rules is given:
 - the system is modeled with the use of attributes (state variables!),
 - the state of the system is fully described with attribute values,
 - rule firing can possibly change system state by changing attribute values,
 - the state can be changed from the outside by means of attributes
 - controller vs. object
 - decision system (information system) vs. physical system (subject of decision)
 - system vs. environment
The expressiveness of the attributive language constraints the expressiveness of the rule language.
Attribute Types
For each attribute a type (named type) has to be stated. It is based on the basic type.
Basic Types
Attribute types allow to be more specific about certain object properties, certain types allow for certain intuitive operations, e. g. arithmetic,
The following very general basic types are provided:
 - symbolic
 - numeric with scale
The numeric types are introduced to allow for arithmetic operations.
With numeric type there exist explicitly predefined upper and lower limits enforced by the implementation, simply referenced as LMAX, and LMIN (L stands for limit).
A domain is a discrete, finite set of allowed attribute values.
The numeric domain is an ordered one.
For the symbolic domain we consider two cases:
 - an unordered one, corresponds to a set
 - ordered one, corresponds to a list
Real numbers (floats) can be used in the system, but we explicitly state how many digits are allowed before and after the decimal point (so they are in fact integers like in many other programming languages).
Domain Spec
Domain specification can use a straightforward notation in a form:
VALS := '{'SYM(','SYM)*'}'
VALS := '<'NUM','NUM'>'
VALS := '{'NUM(','NUM)*'}'
LETTER := 'a'-'z'|'A'-'Z'
Ordered symbolic domain
Ordered symbolic domain is a set of symbols with an order function defined. This corresponds (in a vague sense) to the so-called linguistic variables in other formalisms.
The order specification can start from 0 or 1.
In this way, one might have a named attribute type day-of-week having an ordered symbolic domain, and be able to:
 - use 1 instead of sunday and vice versa
 - compare monday < tuesday
Named Types
It is assumed, that in a given system the so called named attribute types are used.
The named attribute type description includes
 - a type name, e.g. boolean, colors, temperature
 - a basic type, e.g. symbolic, symbolic, numeric
 - in the case of the numeric type the scale specification FIXME
 - domain definition, e.g. {false,true} (ordered, starts from 0), {red,green,blue}, {-50,100}
A type is named and it specifies:
 - basic type
 - domain
 - a group (optional)
Defining Attributes
 1. create a named attribute type or use an existing one, e.g. temperature
 2. choose name that uniquely identifies the attribute, e.g. thermostat_setting, thus create a named attribute
 3. decide whether the attribute is a simple or general one (see ALSV(FD), that is if it takes only single (atomic) values, or multiple or (non-atomic)) values
 4. attribute specification can also optionally inlcude
 - abbreviated name
 - textual description
 - a group reference (see below)
 - semantic annotation see Semantic annotation
 5. communication mode has to be specified, see System Communication,
 - communication class: in, out, state, comm
 - attribute callback predicate
Attribute Values
Attributes can have atomic or non-atomic values (for general attributes). Number of values for general attributes is not limited.
In a general sense the general attribute value is an unordered set. This set can be treated in different ways depending on semantics as a regular set or an ordered one.
Currently there are no plans to support regions algebra, that is to allow treating the value set as an ordord one (a list).
To provide the proper semantics: "no value", "unset", "not defined yet", etc. the special value NULL is introduced.
Following the RDBM convention and logic, a NULL attribute value is possible.
The semantics can be: "no value", "unset", "not defined yet", etc. Yes; to me, we should accept NULL exactly as it is in RDB systems. This allows to import data as they are.
See here for the binding resolution.
However, we could consider another semantics, such as "unknown", see below.
ND or NA
On the other hand, we can consider introducing ND or NA as for example the capacity of and electric engine, meaning "does not apply", e.g. "maiden name" in case of a male.
NULL as "unknown" should be treated as an extension. Its use should be explicitly allowed in the attribute specification.
Explicit Notation
A simple explicit notation for attributes is to represent/store all values, e.g. {1,2,3,4,5}.
Implicit Notation
For setting attribute value the same implicit notation as for the domains should be used (a sum of ranges or values), i.e. S=<5,8>u{3}. at both the HML and HMR levels.
I agree. We should define the rules for well-formed expressions (enabling unique calculation of values), and allow for using it. This should be based on set algebra and incorporate the notational variants, such as A > 5 (which in fact means A={6,7} if the domain of A is {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}.
So we use the sum SetTheory operator and sets of values.
Syntactic suger on the interface level, consider attribute T, domain {0,50}, we mean, t=<10, the tool sould hint, t=<0,10>, in STATE we store t=<0,10>, see above.
Attribute Groups
Attribute groups (AG) provide means for defining a certain common context for a given set of named attributes. AG provide a certain namespace for attributes. Attributes within a group can be referenced by their name only, by using a simple Group.Attribute syntax.
AG Example
Example: to support date, we would:
 1. define a named attribute year as integer with domain <0,upper>
 2. define a named attribute month as ordered symbolic with domain <1-12> (see ordered symbolic domain)
 3. define a named attribute day as ordered symbolic with domain {mon-sun}
 4. define a AG date with named atts year, month, day in its scope.
AG Template
An AG can could function as template (an "attribute type").
Let's suppose we want to represent a "date of birth" and "current date". So, we need a "date", then think what is a date.
 1. we define "day" as a numeric integer attribute with constraints <1,30>
 2. we define "month" as a symbolic attribute with values jan-dec and an ordered domain 1-12
 3. we define "year" as a numeric integer attribute with constraints e.g. 1970-MAX
 4. we define a AG type "date" having day, month, and year.
 5. we define two physical attributes "date of birth" and "current date" having the type of "date"
The CASE tools should support a concept of an attribute library, where some predefined types are available.
FIXME this requires some discussion
(For some developers: Attribute groups are not the so-called grouped attributes from the XTT+ proposal, where they were supposed to work a special data structure…)
Attribute Blackboard
In XTT^2 attributes are indirectly used as communication means between the system and the world.
For the full discussion see System Communication in the XTT^2 page.
see for FIXME s in this page.
Pending and Future Work
ALSV numerics
FIXME intepret alsv operators/formulas for numerics
Type mappings
(For developers)
For implementing the inference engine, explicit language mappings between Prolog and:
 - ANSI C
 - Java
 - SQL
have to be considered
Type specification has Prolog, SQL and Java mapping in mind (we map to Java object, not basic types, so Integer, not int).
 - For RDB2Prolog see SWI ODBC
 - See also UnixODBC
 - Java/Prolog types mapping in JPL
 - There is no binary type (blob)!
Below is an OLD Discussion, needs updates.
Integer is a subset of Numeric. An integer value is a numeric value with scale set to zero.
Name Prolog Java C RDB
Bool basic use java.lang.Boolean int bool
Symbol atom java.lang.String char* var char
Numeric (fixed-point) float java.lang.Number.Float float float
Integer integer java.lang.Number.Integer int integer
Symbol might also be called String.
check types in Hibernate!!! FIXME
Basic types in other languages (also called primitive types):
 1. in Prolog there are no types (on the low-level)
 2. in Java/C


Call Us +65 6323 1721 |
PP Woven Geotextile
Geotextile is a high strength polypropylene woven fabric produced from high tenacity tapes. They are specially designed to be used as a construction material and must have the following functions: separation, filtration, reinforcement, protection and drainage.
A geotextile is defined as any permeable textile material that is used with foundation, soil, rock, earth, etc. to increase stability and decrease wind and water erosion. A geotextile may be made of synthetic or natural fibers. A geotextile is designed to be permeable to allow the flow of fluids through it or in it.
Geotextiles can be woven, knitted or non-woven. Different fabric composition and construction are suitable for different applications. These geotextiles provide planar water flow in addition to stabilization of soil. Typical applications include access roads, aggregate drains and erosion control.
Geotextiles and related products have many applications and currently support many civil engineering applications including roads, airfields, railroads, embankments, retaining structures, reservoirs, canals, dams, bank protection, coastal engineering and construction site silt fences or geo-tube. Usually geotextiles are placed at the tension surface to strengthen the soil.
Specification :
120 to 375 GSM
As standard widths e.g. 105, 210, 330, 420, 520 or as per requirement.
Application where Geo-Textile used:
1. Drainage
2. Permanent Erosion Control
3. Temporary Erosion Control
4. Roadway Separation
5. Roadway
6. Liner Protection
7. Steepened Slopes
8. Landfill Drainage Systems
9. Gas Venting
10. Retaining Walls
11. Lagoon Closures
12. Embankments Over Soft Soil
Send Enquiry Now


text:
- THE MAGAZINE
Ceramics Handbuilding: Pinch and Coil Construction is an excellent introduction to pinching and coiling as a process of pottery making. According to the video instructor, Mollie Favour, the advantage of handbuilding is that it only takes some clay and a few simple tools-many that can be supplied directly from the kitchen. In this lesson, Favour instructs viewers in the production of several complete projects.
Favour teaches the viewer four basic skills needed for building pottery by hand. First, she demonstrates clay preparation by "spiral" wedging. This is a primary skill all new potters must acquire, and Favour demonstrates the method clearly. Next she shows how to make pottery via the pinch method. Then, she shows how to make and use coils. And finally, she demonstrates how to pull a handle.
These basic actions equip new artists to tackle the many handmade projects in the video. These projects include: a bowl, a box with lid, an oval vessel, and a coffee mug. Basic materials, such as slip and glaze, are explained. Favour also shows how she decorates her pots with colored slips and a brush before firing them with a clear glaze.
Mollie Favour's simple, yet concise directions are easy enough for the beginning potter to begin creating right away. I was troubled somewhat by the quality of the camerawork; I found that the artist's hands were out of frame much too often for an instructional video. However, I am still recommending this as a teaching aid for beginning potters and those that would like to begin again.
Title: Ceramics Handbuilding: Pinch and Coil Construction
Length: 28 min.
For more information, visit _URL_.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Epaulette (/ˈɛpəlɛt/; also spelled epaulet)[1] is a type of ornamental shoulder piece or decoration used as insignia of rank by armed forces and other organizations. In the French and other armies, epaulettes are also worn by all ranks of elite or ceremonial units when on parade. It may bear rank or other insignia, and should not be confused with a shoulder mark – also called a shoulder board, rank slide, or slip-on – a flat cloth sleeve worn on the shoulder strap of a uniform (although the two terms are often used interchangeably).[2]
Officer of the French Republican Guard with epaulettes
Components and structure the epaulette of an Imperial Russian lieutenant colonel, 46th Artillery Brigade
1. Lining
2. Button
3. Spine
4. Attente/shoulder strap
5. Stars (or pips)
6. Branch insignia
7. Field
8. Unit number
9. Neck (bezel)
10. Fringe
[clarification needed]
Epaulettes are fastened to the shoulder by a shoulder strap or passenten,[3] a small strap parallel to the shoulder seam, and the button near the collar, or by laces on the underside of the epaulette passing through holes in the shoulder of the coat. Colloquially, any shoulder straps with marks are also called epaulettes. The placement of the epaulette, its color and the length and diameter of its bullion fringe are used to signify the wearer's rank. At the join of the fringe and the shoulderpiece is often a metal piece in the form of a crescent. Although originally worn in the field, epaulettes are now normally limited to dress or ceremonial military uniforms.
Épaulette is a French word meaning "little shoulder" (diminutive of épaule, meaning "shoulder").
Louis XIV wearing shoulder ribbons, an early type of epaulette of the late 17th century
This US Navy coatee from ca. 1862 has initials on the epaulettes that stand for Medical Service. The length on the epaulettes distinguishes rank; in this case the 2.5-inch length indicates the rank of assistant surgeon.[4]
Epaulettes bear some resemblance to the shoulder pteruges of ancient Greco-Roman military costumes. However, their direct origin lies in the bunches of ribbons worn on the shoulders of military coats at the end of the 17th century, which were partially decorative and partially intended to prevent shoulder belts from slipping. These ribbons were tied into a knot that left the fringed end free. This established the basic design of the epaulette as it evolved through the 18th and 19th centuries.[5]
From the 18th century on, epaulettes were used in the French and other armies to indicate rank. The rank of an officer could be determined by whether an epaulette was worn on the left shoulder, the right shoulder, or on both. Later a "counter-epaulette" (with no fringe) was worn on the opposite shoulder of those who wore only a single epaulette. Epaulettes were made in silver or gold for officers and in cloth of various colors for the enlisted men of various arms. Certain categories of cavalry wore flexible metal epaulettes referred to as shoulder scales, rarely worn on the field.
By the early 18th century, epaulettes had become the distinguishing feature of commissioned rank. This led officers of military units still without epaulettes to petition for the right to wear epaulettes to ensure that their status would be recognized.[6] During the Napoleonic Wars and subsequently through the 19th century, grenadiers, light infantry, voltigeurs and other specialist categories of infantry in many European armies wore cloth epaulettes with wool fringes in various colors to distinguish them from ordinary line infantry. "Flying artillery" wore "wings", similar to an epaulette but with only a bit of fringe on the outside, which matched the shoulder seam. Heavy artillery wore small balls representing ammunition on their shoulders.[citation needed]
An intermediate form in some services, such as the Russian Army, is the shoulder board, which neither has a fringe nor extends beyond the shoulder seam. This originated during the 19th century as a simplified version for service wear of the heavy and conspicuous full dress epaulette with bullion fringes.
Modern derivations
Airline pilot uniform shirts generally include cloth flattened tubular epaulettes having cloth or bullion braid stripes, attached by shoulder straps integral to the shirts. The rank of the wearer is designated by the number of stripes: traditionally four for a captain, three for senior first officer or first officer, and two for either a first officer or second officer. However, rank insignia are airline specific. For example, at some airlines, two stripes denote junior first officer and one stripe second officer (cruise or relief pilot). Airline captains' uniform caps usually will have a braid pattern on the bill. These uniform specifications change depending on the company's policy.
Belgian Grenadiers with red fringed epaulettes
In the Belgian army, red epaulettes with white fringes are worn with the ceremonial uniforms of the Royal Escort while fully red ones are worn by the Grenadiers. Trumpeters of the Royal Escort are distinguished by all red epaulettes while officers of the two units wear silver or gold respectively.
Canadian officers in mess dress or mess kit
Epaulettes of Provo Wallis, Maritime Command Museum, CFB Halifax
In the Canadian Armed Forces, epaulettes are still worn on some Army Full Dress, Patrol Dress, and Mess Dress uniforms. Epaulettes in the form of shoulder boards are worn with the officer's white Naval Service Dress.
After the unification of the Forces, and prior to the issue of the Distinct Environmental Uniforms, musicians of the Band Branch wore epaulettes of braided gold cord.
Until 1914, officers of most French Army infantry regiments wore gold epaulettes in full dress, while those of mounted units wore silver. No insignia was worn on the epaulette itself, though the bullion fringe falling from the crescent differed according to rank.[7] Other ranks of most branches of the infantry, as well as cuirassiers wore detachable epaulettes of various colours (red for line infantry, green for Chasseurs, yellow for Colonial Infantry etc.) with woollen fringes, of a traditional pattern that dated back to the 18th Century. Other cavalry such as hussars, dragoons and chasseurs à cheval wore special epaulettes of a style originally intended to deflect sword blows from the shoulder.
In the modern French Army, epaulettes are still worn by those units retaining 19th-century-style full dress uniforms, notably the ESM Saint-Cyr and the Garde Républicaine. The French Foreign Legion continued to wear their green and red epaulettes, except for a break from 1915 to 1930. In recent years, the Marine Infantry and some other units have readopted their traditional fringed epaulettes in various colours for ceremonial parades. The Marine nationale and the Armée de l'Air do not use epaulettes, but non-commissioned and commissioned officers wear a gilded shoulder strap called attente[citation needed], which original function was to clip the epaulette onto the shoulder. The attentes[citation needed] are also worn by Army generals on dress uniform.
Epauletten, and the corresponding shoulder knots of the German Empire _PHONE_
Until World War I, officers of the Imperial German Army generally wore silver epaulettes as a distinguishing feature of their full-dress uniforms. For ranks up to and including captain these were "scale" epaulettes without fringes, for majors and colonels with fine fringes and for generals with a heavy fringe. The base of the epaulette was of regimental colors. For ordinary duty, dress "shoulder-cords" of silver braid intertwined with state colors, were worn.[8]
During the period 1919-45, German Army uniforms were known for a four cord braided "figure-of-eight" decoration which acted as a shoulder board for senior and general officers. This was called a "shoulder knot" and was in silver with the specialty color piping (for field officers) and silver with red border (for generals). Although it was once seen on US Army uniforms, it remains only in the mess uniform. A similar form of shoulder knot was worn by officers of the British Army in full dress until 1914 and is retained by the Household Cavalry today. Epaulettes of this pattern are used by the Republic of Korea Army's general officers and were widely worn by officers of the armies of Venezuela, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, Ecuador and Bolivia; all of which formerly wore uniforms closely following the Imperial German model. The Chilean Army still retains the German style of epaulette in the uniforms of its ceremonial units, the Military Academy and the NCO School while the 5th Cavalry Regiment "Aca Caraya" of the Paraguayan Army sports both epaulettes and shoulder knots in its dress uniforms (save for a platoon wearing Chaco War uniforms). Epaulettes of the German


text:
By Lisa Murray-Johnson, PhD, The Ohio State University Medical Center and Ohio State University Nisonger Center
"We are grateful he's alive." Pat's voice was strong, but you could still hear the heartache as she described the horrific fire that injured her son John and claimed the life of his roommate and a caregiver. "He was burned over 18 percent of his body and Fred and I knew it would be a long recovery." As a young adult with autism and other developmental disabilities, John recovered at The Ohio State University Medical Center's Burn Unit.
I thought I was just having lunch with my colleagues Pat Cloppert and Becky Coffey. I didn't realize how prevalent burn injuries were among young adults, nor was I aware that Becky had cared for John. Becky Coffey, RN, CNP, is a nurse practitioner in the OSUMC Burn Unit. She said 68 percent of all burn and hot water scalds happen at home. These were the statistics from the National Burn Registry from 2001-2010, a database that records burns from such events as fires, hot water, hot objects and chemicals. The numbers were startling; as many as 450,000 people need medical treatment for burn injuries each year:
- 44 percent of burns are from flame fires.
- 33 percent of burns are from hot water scalds.
- 9 percent are from contact with hot objects.
And these are only the reported injuries. Those who treat their injuries at home without a doctor or hospital visit are not included. It underscores the enormity of the problem.
Pat Cloppert, BSFS, is an advocate and public speaker for family services and autism at The Ohio State University's NisongerCenterfor Developmental Disabilities. Her life has been to the service of others. But that day, she was a mom. We were three health professionals who were mothers. What if that had been my child?
The Safe Signals project was born. The goal was simple: Create a tool kit with a video, workbook and vinyl clings that would serve as everyday safety reminders. Burn and scald prevention education also has the potential to reduce other household injuries and fires in the home. Diane Moyer, RN, patient education associate director, and fire fighter Jaime Sierra, a public education specialist with Columbus Division of Fire, rounded out our team.
We also needed young adults to help us with this project. It was meant to be a project by young adults, and for young adults. Pat and her colleague Jeff Siegel, MSW, social worker for Aspirations Ohio and also at theNisongerCenter, helped to coordinate young adults on the autism spectrum to join us. Together, we were each other's teachers and students.
There are so many moments that make the Safe Signals project special: Justin Rooney, our narrator, showing his gift of voiceover work, or Alissa Mangan and Tommi Lee Gillard working to shape the dialogue of the video script so that it felt comfortable. Or the moments when Seamus McCord and Tom Robison worked through the kitchen scene finding humor in overcooked noodles for the macaroni and cheese. And Zoe Castro, our Spanish narrator, graciously helping us navigate cultural sensitivities.
We hope you find the Safe Signals toolkit helpful in looking at your own living space with a fresh perspective. Most safety behaviors take very little time and money. From our homes to yours, we wish you safe living!
- Plan out safety behaviors for each task at home. For example, use oven gloves and pan lids to protect yourself when cooking.
- Practice safety behaviors and place reminders in each room to help you.
- Set the hot water heater or boiler to 120 degrees Fahrenheit (48 degrees Celsius) to avoid burns. Always turn on the cold water first, and then add warm water.
- Create a fire escape plan. If there is a fire, get outside and then call 911. Do not go back inside. Wait for help to arrive.
- Install smoke and carbon monoxide detectors where you live. Test them each month and change the batteries every 6 months.
Note: Pat Cloppert, BSFS, contributed to this blog.


text:
How can I map littoral sea bottom properties and bathymetry?
Heege, T., Kobryn, H. and Harvey, M. (2008) How can I map littoral sea bottom properties and bathymetry? In: Fitoka, E. and Keramitsoglou, I., (eds.) Inventory, assessment and monitoring of Mediterranean Wetlands: Mapping wetlands using Earth Observation techniques. EKBY & NOA. MedWet publication, pp. 92-93.
|PDF - Published Version |
Download (4069kB) | Preview
*Open access, no subscription required
Littoral sea bottom properties can be mapped from Earth observation sensors if the reflection of the sea bottom contributes a detectable part to the signal measured by the sensor. This sea bottom reflection must be separated from all other simultaneously measured portions of light for further mapping and classification procedures. Other contributors of light scattered to the sensor are atmospheric molecules and aerosols, the water surface reflection, and light scattered and absorbed due to particular properties of water constituents and the pure water itself.
|Publication Type:||Book Chapter|
|Murdoch Affiliation:||School of Environmental Science|
|Publisher:||EKBY & NOA. MedWet publication|
|Item Control Page|


text:
Our team is working on a model editor based on JME and we are using the XMLExporter to create the project files.
The XMLExporter uses DOMOutputCapsule to write each Savable object, in particular Vector3f instances.
When a Spatial is saved, the "transform" object is saved and if its "translation" (vector3f instance) is (0,0,0), it isn't written in the XML output (I suppose to save space).
The problem happens when we read the XML file to load the saved project:
The XMLImporter uses DOMInputCapsule to read the Spatial and create the "transform", but it won't find any "translation" vector so it will load the default one, which is Vector3f.ZERO. You can see this in com.jme3.math.Transform#read:
translation = (Vector3f)capsule.readSavable("translation", Vector3f.ZERO);
This behaviour is heavily wrong as every Spatial will have the same translation vector (ie. Vector3f.ZERO) and will cause several bugs as Vector3f.ZERO mustn't be edited at all.
The solution is pretty easy, just replace the previous line with:
translation = (Vector3f)capsule.readSavable("translation", new Vector3f(0,0,0));
or maybe you can also use Vector3f.ZERO.clone().
Until the official fix, our workaround is a field reflection.
Hope to be helpful,


text:
For small parts. the positioning is not easy done by hand.
Dingchuang Laser launches a new identifying&positioning fiber laser marking machine.
As the small parts are hard to be positioned and marked by hand
The machine adopts a 5 Megapixel coaxial CCD camera can realize automatic identifying and positioning for marking
It will enlarge the marking area,identify the shape and marking area of the object in the software,and achieve high positioning accuracy.
The CCD Camera Visual Position laser marking machine
IC chips, circuit boards, resistors
more suitable for the parts which is not possible for positioning by hand.
- Automatically CCD positioning and identifying
- With new developed CCD visual system
- It greatly increase the productivity and simplify the process of production.Itwork with conveyor belt for production lines which has high requirement for speed and precision.
2. CCD camera with 5-megapixel. High resolution, and clearly capture the feature points in real time.
3. Beautiful appearance, compact structure. Rotary system is optional item.
4. No consumables and wearing parts.
5. CCD camera software supports win7 32-bit and 64-bit computer systems.
6. The industrial laser marking machine supports AI, BMP, DST, DWG, DXF, DXP, LAS, PLT and other graphic formats
- This CCD Camera visual positioning laser marking system has three positioning systems: coaxial, pseudo-coaxial and paraxial.
- and the accuracy is optional. It can be equipped with Fiber laser marking machine
- UV laser marking machine and CO2 laser marking machine equipment. It can be used for static desktop marking or automatic marking with assembly line.
|Visual positioning laser marking machine
|Single CCD camera position/dual CCD camera position
|Vector graphics, text, barcode, QR code, etc.
|Power supply and work temperature
|AC 220V/10A/50Hz，temperature 10℃~40℃
3C industry,auto industry


Reports:Tasks not implemented in XEec
From Rosetta Code
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Draft tasks without implementation[edit]
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styled system, variants, overrides
June 28, 2020
creating and overriding variants in styled system
Styled System offers some robust tools to build out a themeable component library based on design tokens simply by using a unified theme object. In this post, I want to think about how to set up reusable component variants -- components that are functionally the same but visually different -- and how to override these default values when necessary.
styled system and design tokens
One reason to use something like Styled System is an adherence to design tokens. A design token is a value that's used to construct components. It can be a color (primary, secondary, light), a size (small, medium, large), or an array of values for spacing (2px, 4px, 8px, etc.). Using design tokens makes building out a component library or design system easy and consistent because it reduces the number of variables you could use (an infinite number) to a limited set that you can use. This constraint leads to consistency in design.
Styled System, and other packages floating in this ecosystem, use a theme spec for consistency across projects. It's just an object with values that can be used to build out components.
theme = {
colors: {
text: '_TAG_',
background: '#464452',
primary: '#28B4AD',
secondary: '#4926F6'
space: [0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8]
We can grab our hex values from the theme.colors object, or use the array to get a rem value for defining padding or margin.
With these values, it's easy enough to go out and build a simple component by importing the theme object. But we can also use Styled Component's Theme Provider to give use access to these variables within our styled components
import React from'react';
import styled, { css, ThemeProvider } from'styled-components';
import theme from './theme';
const StyledButton = styled.button' ${({ theme }) => css' background-color: ${theme.colors.primary}; padding: ${[2]}rem ${[3]}rem; '} ';
function Button() {
return (
In a real world use case, you'd hoist the ThemeProvider up to whatever the app's entry point is, allowing all styled components access to the theme variables. This eliminates the need to import the theme object into every component and allows for on the fly theme switching based on what you pass to the ThemeProvider.
building a variant
Buttons ask us to think in variants. The difference between a submit and a cancel button on a form is largely about design rather than functionality. What I ultimately want is to be able to abstract that visual difference away by just passing a prop to change the color.
Cancel
Styled System has a built in variant function that makes this abstraction really easy. Here's an example:
import React from'react';
import PropTypes from 'prop-types';
import styled from'styled-components';
import { variant } from'styled-system';
import { alpha, darken } from '_USER_-ui/color';
const StyledButton = styled.button' ${({ theme, color }) => variant({ prop: 'type', variants: { default { color: 'background', bg: color, '&:hover': { bg: darken(color, theme.opacity.hover) } }, outline: { color, border: '${theme.borders[1]} ${theme.colors[color]}', bg: 'transparent', '&:hover': { bg: alpha(color, 0.1) } } } }) } ';
function Button({ children, color, type,...props }) {
return (
Button.propTypes = {
* content of button
children: PropTypes.string,
* takes one of 'primary','secondary', 'accent','muted'. corresponds
* to theme colors
color: PropTypes.oneOf(['primary','secondary', 'accent','muted']),
* takes one of 'default', 'outline'
type: PropTypes.oneOf(['default', 'outline'])
Button.defaultProps = {
children: null,
color: 'primary',
type: 'default'
export default Button;
At the top of the styled component, we're deconstructing the props object to get access to the theme that is passed down from ThemeProvider and the button's props, specifically color. We then use the variant function by providing a prop string of 'type', so they styling will depend on the type we pass to the button. These are two basic examples, and your milage may vary, but type will determine the text color, the background color, and how to handle the hover state. In both cases, we use the button's color prop to determine which color variable to use for the different css properties.
Because our color variables line up with the variables in our theme object, the variant function takes care of assigning the variables for us. With the outline variant, we can even use color as a shorthand for explicitly defining color: color. This eliminates additional theme destructuring, taking the color prop and finding the corresponding value in the theme object, which we have to do for the outline's border.
overriding a variant
At some point, you're going to want to override these variants -- the design might call for it or you need something like a one-off CTA button. Without a token in the theme object that matches what you need, you'll need a little more granular control over how to style the thing. In this example, we can pass props into the styled button and override default values by using a styled component. The above button could be overridden like this:
const RedButton = styled.Button' color: red; ';
function Page() {
return (
I'm red now
Rather than getting a button with the default primary color, we'll get a red button. This is a basic example, but you could use the same principle to do more complicated overrides.
further thinking
In general, I like this pattern/system because it's, on the one hand, rigid and tied to the design tokens and, on the other, extendable beyond those values if you're in a pinch. Continuing to work some of this out for an in-house design system, my next thoughts would be about extending the above -- what other props would I want the component to take? What other states would be useful here? Additionally, I want to think about what other helper or getting functions might make defining css properties that aren't explicitly in the theme object -- what's the best way to programmatically generate borders or box shadows? The color functions I'm using could be extended to do more, but there are surely other ways to make syntax a little legible and friendlier.
An additional problem to consider is what overriding values this way gets you beyond an easy one-off: this won't generate a new hover state -- I'd have to do that myself. What becomes important, I think, is thinking about the theming system a bit more holistically or systemically in the way I'm asking in the questions above.
further reading


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The Lyke Conference – Importance and Facilitation
Every country has a history. Some parts of the history may be admirable while others may be saddening. The saddening parts of history are there for us to learn from the past. This way, we are able to strengthen our future and ensure that past mistakes are avoided. In America for instance, there is the sad past of racism that hurt the country in the past. Many black people suffered atrocities based on racism. Remembrance of these people is aimed at ensuring that the future is better and devoid of racism.
As a measure of learning from history and avoiding injustices that were meted on people based on racial differences, the Lyke conference was established. This is basically a requiem mass in remembrance of the black people who died in the past at the hands of the dragon called racism. In the mass, they are metaphorically referred to as black children of God due to the atrocities they underwent and the love of God that can restore love for mankind.
The liturgy conference usually happens every year with special prayers scheduled in every of the events. Clergies and bishops usually lead the prayers sessions. The prayers are usually elaborate but orderly to address all the issues that concern the historical injustices that were meted on those who fell to the cruel hand of racism and other social injustices. In most cases, the presiding bishop of the event usually prints the prayer in advance which will guide the entire requiem mass.
The event itself usually happens within the community. This means that anyone within the American society can attend the event without restrictions. However, there is payment for entrance though it is not a substantial amount of money. This means that it is affordable to most people in the society. Remember that the main theme is prayer for the fallen black martyrs who died while fighting for their right to social inclusivity and acceptance.
During the requiem mass, different groups of people play different roles. For instance, the event is usually graced by musicians. These artists usually perform songs that promote unity and forgiveness. In addition, they promote inclusivity and social equity. Vendors of different merchandise are also invited. In most case, the merchandise is usually meant to give message to the theme of the day which is remembering the fallen due to social injustices. There are also other staff members of the event who attend. These are important people who pull all strings to ensure that the event is successful.
The Lyke conference 2020 was cancelled with the hope of the next episode taking place in the year 2021. This is because the world faced the covid-19 pandemic. This was not anticipated in the entire world hence the need to alter plans. The pandemic necessitates social distancing hence the reason why organizers decided to cancel the event for 2020. However, there is hope of the same requiem mass taking place in 2021 as the world continues to overcome the effects of the dreaded corona virus.
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text:
The University Record, December 7, 1998
By Nancy Ross-Flanigan
News and Information Services
Can a drivers speech reveal whether hes too tired to drive safely? Do truck drivers skip rest breaks because they cant find parking spaces at public rest areas? How can a computer model accurately simulate traffic patterns? These are some of the questions that students tackled in year-long research projects sponsored by the Great Lakes Center for Truck and Transit Research (GLCTTR).
The GLCTTR is a consortium of six universitiesincluding the U-Min Michigan, Ohio and Illinois. The centers Scholars Program was introduced in 1992 to support graduate students working with university researchers on truckand transit-related problems. Its goals are to attract students and faculty to this type of research and to prepare graduate students for careers as transportation professionals.
The five students in the 199798 GLCTTR Scholars Program presented their research during a seminar at the Michigan League on Nov. 12. Here are highlights of their presentations.
Eugene J. Zalubus, a doctoral student in electrical engineering and computer science at the U-M, analyzed the speech of subjects who had gone at least 18 hours without sleep. For comparison, he did the same analysis on subjects who had been awake for less than 10 hours. He found that certain speech sounds are a better indication of fatigue than is reaction time, which sometimes is used to gauge how tired a person is. Zalubus hopes this work may lead to a device that automatically detects dangerous levels of fatigue. Placed in cars and trucks, the device would prompt the driver to say certain words every half hour or so and would sound an alarm if the driver became too tired to drive safely.
Kimberly A. Kolody, a Michigan State University (MSU) masters student in civil engineering, analyzed truck space parking availability at public rest areas in Michigan. With help from Michigan State Police officers who recorded numbers of empty spaces at different times of day and night, Kolody identified overcrowded rest areas, mainly along the I-94 corridor. She then tried to pinpoint featuressuch as distance to nearest city, number and type of parking spaces, and average daily truck trafficthat led to overcrowding. Understanding such connections is important, Kolody says, because fatigued truck drivers may keep driving when they cant find places to rest.
Jack M. Keoshian, Jr., a U-M doctoral student in mechanical engineering and applied mechanics, worked on TrafMod, a simple computer model that simulates traffic. Compared to more complicated traffic models, TrafMod takes less time to run and is easier to use, says Keoshian. The goal is to use such models in intelligent transportation systems to help drivers find the quickest routes to their destinations and to reduce congestion. They may also help planners predict future traffic on busy thoroughfares.
Laura Aylsworth-Bonzelet, a doctoral student in civil engineering at MSU, studied paved areas designed to give commercial vehicles more room to make left turns across narrow medians. These paved aprons, called loons in Michigan (because seen from the air, the outline resembles a loon), offer an alternative to left turns at busy intersections. However, there is no standard designloons vary widely in size, pavement markings and signs, Aylsworth-Bonzelet found. In some cases, their design creates confusion that may lead to accidents. Acknowledging that loons are useful, Aylsworth-Bonzelet developed design guidelines that would make them safer.
Jennifer A. Kadlowec, a U-M doctoral student in mechanical engineering and applied mechanics, developed a method of testing bushings, cylindrical metal parts used in car and truck suspension systems. She subjected bushings to stresses that they typically would encounter in everyday use. Rather than look at just one type of stress at a time, as many previous analyses have, she studied combinations of stresses. Such studies can help researchers develop realistic models of automobile suspensions, Kadlowec says.
After presenting their results, the five GLCTTR Scholars received plaques recognizing their research contributions. In the six years since it began, the GLCTTR Scholars Program has supported student research at all four Michigan member universitiesU-M, MSU, Michigan Technological University and Wayne State University. Student support funds provided by GLCTTR are matched by each participating university in the form of faculty research time and a significant portion of the Scholars tuition. In addition to the four Michigan Universities, GLCTTR members include Central State University (Ohio) and Northwestern University (Illinois).


text: Wrap advertising or a Vehicle Wrap is the term used in the marketing practice of completely or partially covering (wrapping) a vehicle in an advertisement or livery. The result of this process is essentially a mobile billboard. Wrap advertising can be achieved by painting a vehicle's outer surface, but an increasingly ubiquitous practice in the 21st century involves the use of large vinyl sheets as "decals." The vinyl sheets can be removed with relative ease, drastically reducing the costs associated with changing advertisements. While vehicles with large, flat surfaces (such as buses and light-rail carriages) are often utilised due to ease, cars can also serve as hosts for wrap advertising, despite consisting of more curved surfaces.


text:
We've traveled through the heartland to examine iconic regional barbecue styles, but the birthplace of this nation's smoky tradition lies in South Carolina. In a marriage of the perfect meat with the perfect cooking process, Spanish explorers and their European pigs traveled here in the 17th century and happened upon the American Indians and their slow cooking method with smoke. Long before the region gained the name it boasts today, people were enjoying tender pork thanks to this merging of cultural traditions.
The barbecue developed in South Carolina is not unlike that of its Northern counterpart — with one key difference. Like North Carolinian barbecue, the smoked meat on the coast (the "Pee Dee" region) uses the whole hog with a spicy, vinegary sauce applied during cooking. And in the western part of the state along the Savannah River, the sauce integrates ketchup while the meat of choice is the moister, fattier shoulder. But travel to the Midlands, and you'll come across Carolina gold: a mustard-based sauce traced to early German settlers in the 18th century. South Carolina is perhaps best known for this contribution to barbecue culture, as no other state has adopted mustard sauces with the same fervor.
Have you tried South Carolina-style barbecue and its famed mustard sauce? What did you think?
Take the tour of America's other iconic barbecue regions:


text:
In the production process of large-scale power plants, there are a great amount of gypsum produced. In order to achieve scale-production, high quality and low cost, Zhengzhou Taida Group provides customized gypsum calcining process with consideration of practical situation of power plants.
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makes full use of advantages of power plants which are energy unit production units themselves. By taking advantage of exhaust heat and low-level energy, you can realize energy consumption aim while less advanced energy. in the working process of gypsum cement kiln, there will no need for extra energy and no extra pollution produced.
2. Taida gypsum cement kiln can adapt to the high moisture of desulfurized gypsum and various size.
3. If local condition permits, you can place the drying device near desulfurized vacuum dehydration belt, which can avoid repeated transportation of materials.
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6. Considering the production feature of power plant production and various characteristics of various materials, Zhengzhou Taida can design reasonable structure for gypsum cement kiln in order to guarantee stable production.
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/define (C# Compiler Options)
The /define option defines name as a symbol in all source code files your program.
name, name2
The name of one or more symbols that you want to define.
The /define option has the same effect as using a _TAG_ preprocessor directive except that the compiler option is in effect for all files in the project. A symbol remains defined in a source file until an _TAG_ directive in the source file removes the definition. When you use the /define option, an _TAG_ directive in one file has no effect on other source code files in the project.
You can use symbols created by this option with _TAG_, _TAG_, _TAG_, and _TAG_ to compile source files conditionally.
/d is the short form of /define.
You can define multiple symbols with /define by using a semicolon or comma to separate symbol names. For example:
The C# compiler itself defines no symbols or macros that you can use in your source code; all symbol definitions must be user-defined.
The C# _TAG_ does not allow a symbol to be given a value, as in languages such as C++. For example, _TAG_ cannot be used to create a macro or to define a constant. If you need to define a constant, use an enum variable. If you want to create a C++ style macro, consider alternatives such as generics. Since macros are notoriously error-prone, C# disallows their use but provides safer alternatives.
To set this compiler option in the Visual Studio development environment
 1. Open the project's Properties page.
 2. On the Build tab, type the symbol that is to be defined in the Conditional compilation symbols box. For example, if you are using the code example that follows, just type xx into the text box.
For information on how to set this compiler option programmatically, see DefineConstants.
// preprocessor_define.cs
// compile with: /define:xx
// or uncomment the next line
// _TAG_ xx
using System;
public class Test
 public static void Main()
 _TAG_ (xx)
 Console.WriteLine("xx defined");
 Console.WriteLine("xx not defined");
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Names of the Week
Fact of the Week
Crocodiles never outgrow their enclosure. More
Birdie Meaning
What does Birdie mean?
The name Birdie is of English and American origin.
The meaning of Birdie is "little bird, birdlike".
Birdie is generally used as a girl's name.
The Given Name Birdie
A simple name, Birdie possesses great character.
A creative name, that may be just right for you.
Birdie falls into the bird name category.
Birdie Popularity
In the U.S. in 2015, it ranked 2,761 in baby name popularity for girls with 63 occurrences. Less than 5 boys were given the name.
In contrast, the year before it ranked 3,714 in baby name popularity for girls with 41 occurrences. Less than 5 boys were given the name.
Birdie Related Names
Variants of the name Birdie include Birdena, Birdine.
Famous Birdies
 Birdie Numerology
 Birdie Name Fun
 Then just follow the diagram below.
 Be creative with the name Birdie.


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I was going through Eric Lippert's latest Blog post for Guidelines and rules for GetHashCode when i hit this para:
We could be even more clever here; just as a List resizes itself when it gets full, the bucket set could resize itself as well, to ensure that the average bucket length stays low. Also, for technical reasons it is often a good idea to make the bucket set length a prime number, rather than 100. There are plenty of improvements we could make to this hash table. But this quick sketch of a naive implementation of a hash table will do for now. I want to keep it simple.
So looks like i'm missing something. Why is it a good practice to set it to a prime number?.
share|improve this question
Why write your own when there are better, tested, and fast implementations built into the.Net framework? Check under System.Collections. – Will Mar 1 '11 at 8:36
_USER_ i am not writing my own.. and moreover Eric is just giving an example there... – Shekhar_Pro Mar 1 '11 at 8:40
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3 Answers
up vote 7 down vote accepted
Say your bucket set length is a power of 2 - that makes the mod calculations quite fast. It also means that the bucket selection is determine solely by the top m bits of the hash code. (Where m = 32 - n, where n is the power of 2 being used). So it's like you're throwing away useful bits of the hashcode immediately.
Or as in this blog post from 2006 puts it:
Suppose your hashCode function results in the following hashCodes among others {x, 2x, 3x, 4x, 5x, 6x...}, then all these are going to be clustered in just m number of buckets, where m = table_length/GreatestCommonFactor(table_length, x). (It is trivial to verify/derive this). Now you can do one of the following to avoid clustering:
Or simply make m equal to the table_length by making GreatestCommonFactor(table_length, x) equal to 1, i.e by making table_length coprime with x. And if x can be just about any number then make sure that table_length is a prime number.
share|improve this answer
I know this is resurrecting an old thread, but your first paragraph confuses me. Consider your power of 2 to be 128, in this case hash%128 will be the same as hash&127, which means only the last 7 bits are going to decide the bucket selection. Or is my understanding wrong? – jogabonito Feb 21 at 7:33
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Because this produces a better hash function and reduces the number of possible collisions. This is explained in Choosing a good hashing function:
A basic requirement is that the function should provide a uniform distribution of hash values. A non-uniform distribution increases the number of collisions, and the cost of resolving them.
The distribution needs to be uniform only for table sizes s that occur in the application. In particular, if one uses dynamic resizing with exact doubling and halving of s, the hash function needs to be uniform only when s is a power of two. On the other hand, some hashing algorithms provide uniform hashes only when s is a prime number.
share|improve this answer
+1 thats a good answer... but then don't we loose the number of hashes we can have within a given range... – Shekhar_Pro Mar 1 '11 at 8:44
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You can find people that suggest the two opposite ends of the spectrum. On the one side, choosing a prime number for the size of the hash table will reduce the chances of collisions, even if the hash function is not too effective distributing the results. Note that if (in the simplest example to argue about) a power of 2 size is decided, only the lower bits affect the bucket, while for a prime number most bits in the result of the hash will be used.
On the other hand, you can gain more by choosing a better hash function, or even rehashing he result of the hash function by applying some bit operations, and using a power of 2 hash size to speed up calculations.
As an example from real life, Java HashTable were initially implemented by using prime (or almost prime sizes), but from Java 1.4 on, the design was changed to use power of two number of buckets and added a second fast hash function applied to the result of the initial hash. An interesting article commenting that change can be found here.
So basically:
 - a prime number helps dispersing the inputs across the different buckets even in the event of not-so-good hash functions.
 - a similar effect can be achieved by post processing the result of the hash function, and using a power of 2 size to speedup the modulo operation (bit mask) and compensate for the post processing.
share|improve this answer
+1 thanx.. this one's more descriptive.. – Shekhar_Pro Mar 4 '11 at 3:38
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text:
In regard to this answer, my question is similar but that answer is not clear. I want to know why we use base form of verb, e.g. 'go' to form the past tense instead of past form such as 'went'?...
Where did you go last night? Where went you last night? Is there a reason we say the first of the previous two sentences as opposed to the last one? I know the second sentence is...


The digital age is very much a part of 21st century youth culture, and we need to ensure that young people are prepared for the multi-media and social media world through an 'interactively active, actively interactive' Curriculum for Life.
The social, cultural and economic benefits and the potential to provide a truly holistic physical, mental and emotionally well-rounded British citizen through 21st century interactive mobile lifestyles presents as many challenges as it does opportunities going forward.
The YC Digiwise project provides an integrated intergenerational youth centred approach that will see digital equality, diversity and inclusion through sport, art, culture and digital technology - an _TAG_…
Please see - Changing Lives: the social impact of participation in culture and sport
YC DCMS Social Impact Inquiry submission (2018)


text:
|2014 Grammy Awards|
The Grammy awards are named from the trophy: a small, gilded reproduction of a gramophone.
|Awarded for||Outstanding achievements in the music industry|
|Presented by||National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences|
A Grammy Award (originally called Gramophone Award) – or Grammy – is an accolade by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to recognize outstanding achievement in the music industry. The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists, and some of the awards of more popular interest are presented in a widely viewed televised ceremony. It is the music equivalent to the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for stage performances, and the Academy Awards for motion pictures.
The first Grammy Awards ceremony was held on May 4, 1959, and it was set up to honor musical accomplishments by performers for the year 1958. Following the 2011 ceremony, NARAS overhauled many Grammy Award categories for 2012. The 55th Grammy Awards were held on February 10, 2013, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California.
The Grammy Awards had their origin in the Hollywood Walk of Fame project in the 1950s. As the recording executives chosen for the Walk of Fame (Tabinda Walk) committee worked at compiling a list of important recording industry people who might qualify for a Walk of Fame star, they realized there were many more people who were leaders in their business who would never earn a star on Hollywood Boulevard. The music executives decided to rectify this by creating an award given by their industry similar to the Oscars and the Emmys. This was the beginning of the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. After it was decided to create such an award, there was still a question of what to call it; one working title was the Eddie, to honor the inventor of the phonograph, Thomas Edison. They finally settled on using the name of the invention of Emile Berliner, the gramophone, for the awards, which were first given for the year 1958.
The gold-plated trophies, each depicting a gilded gramophone, are made and assembled by hand by Billings Artworks in Ridgway, Colorado. In 1990 the original Grammy design was revamped, changing the traditional soft lead for a stronger alloy less prone to damage, made of slumped and reformed pre-war Gibson flat head banjo tone rings, making the trophy bigger and grander. The trophies with the recipient's name engraved on them are not available until after the award announcements, so "stunt" trophies are re-used each year for the broadcast.
As of February 2009, 7,578 Grammy trophies had been awarded.
The "General Field" are four awards which are not restricted by genre.
Other awards are given for performance and production in specific genres, as well as for other contributions such as artwork and video. Special awards are given for longer-lasting contributions to the music industry.
Because of the large number of award categories (78 in 2012), and the desire to feature several performances by various artists, only the ones with the most popular interest - typically about 10 to 12, including the four General Field categories and one or two categories in the most popular music genres (i.e. pop, rock, country, rap) - are presented directly at the televised award ceremony. Other awards are presented in a pre-telecast ceremony earlier in the afternoon of the Grammy awards ceremony.
On April 6, 2011, The Recording Academy announced a drastic overhaul of many Grammy Award categories for 2012. The number of categories were diminished from 109 to 78. The most important change is the elimination of the distinction between male and female soloists and between collaborations and duo/groups in various genre fields (pop, rock, R&B, country, and rap). Also, several categories for instrumental soloists were discontinued. Recordings in these categories now fall under the general categories for best solo performances.
The most eliminations occurred in the roots category. Up to and including 2011, there were separate categories for various regional American music forms, such as Hawaiian music, Native American music and Zydeco/Cajun music. Due to the consistently low number of entries for these categories, The Recording Academy decided to combine all these music variations into the new Best Regional Roots Music Album, including polka, which lost its own separate category in 2009.
In the same genre field, the traditional and contemporary blues categories and the traditional and contemporary folk categories each were consolidated into one per genre, due to the number of entries and given the challenges in distinguishing between contemporary folk and Americana, and contemporary and traditional blues. In the world music genre field, the traditional and contemporary categories have also been merged.
In the classical genre field, its main category Best Classical Album has been discontinued because most recipients in this category had also won in one of the other classical categories for the same album. Classical recordings are now eligible for the main Album of the Year category.
There are also a few minor name changes to better reflect the nature of the separate categories. It was determined by the Recording Academy that the word "gospel" in the gospel genre field tends to conjure up the images and sounds of traditional soul gospel and leaves out the current contemporary Christian music (CCM). Therefore the genre field and some categories have been renamed as Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music.
Record companies and individuals may submit recordings to be nominated. Nominations are made online and a physical copy of the work is sent to the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Once a work is entered, reviewing sessions are held, by more than 150 experts from the recording industry, to determine whether the work is eligible and entered in the correct category for official nomination.
The resulting list is circulated to all NARAS members, each of whom may vote to nominate in the general field (Record of the Year, Album of the Year, Song of the Year, and Best New Artist) and in no more than nine out of 30 other fields on their ballots. The five recordings that earn the most votes in each category become the nominees. There may be more than five nominees if there is a tie in the nomination process.
Whereas members of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences are generally invited to screenings or are sent DVDs of movies nominated for Oscars, NARAS members do not receive nominated recordings.
After nominees have been determined, final voting ballots are sent to Recording Academy members, who may then vote in the general fields and in no more than eight of the 30 fields. NARAS members are encouraged, but not required, to vote only in their fields of expertise. Ballots are tabulated secretly by the major independent accounting firm Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu. Following the tabulation of votes the winners are announced at the Grammy Awards. The recording with the most votes in a category wins and it is possible to have a tie. Winners are presented with the Grammy Award and those who do not win are given a medal for their nomination.
In both voting rounds, Academy members are required to vote based upon quality alone, and not to be influenced by sales, chart performance, personal friendships, regional preferences or company loyalty. The acceptance of gifts is prohibited. Members are urged to vote in a manner that preserves the integrity of the academy.
The eligibility period for the 2013 Grammy Awards was October 1, 2011 to September 30, 2012.
Prior to 1971, the Grammy Award ceremonies were held in different locations on the same day. Originally New York City and Los Angeles were the host cities. Chicago joined being a host city in 1962, and then Nashville became the fourth location in 1965.
The 1971 ceremony, held at the Hollywood Palladium in Los Angeles, was the first to take place in one location. The ceremony was then moved to Madison Square Garden's Felt Forum in New York City, and then Nashville's Tennessee Theatre in the following two years. Then from 1974 to 2003, the Grammys were held in various venues in New York City and Los Angeles. Notable locations included New York City's Madison Square Garden and Radio City Music Hall; and Los Angeles' Shrine Auditorium, the Staples Center and the Hollywood Palladium.
In 2004, the Staples Center became the permanent home of the award ceremonies. The Grammy Museum was built across the street from Staples Center in LA Live to preserve the history of the Grammy Awards. Embedded on the sidewalks at the museum streets are bronze disks, similar to the Hollywood Walk of Fame, honoring each year's top winners, Record of the Year, Best New Artist, Album of the Year, and Song of the Year.
With 31 Grammy Awards, Sir Georg Solti is the artist with the most Grammy wins. Alison Krauss is the biggest winner among female artists with 27 awards. U2, with 22 Grammy Awards, holds the record for most awards won by a group.
The Grammy Awards has received criticism from various recording artists and music journalists.
When his band Pearl Jam won a Grammy in the category Best Hard Rock Performance in 1996, singer Eddie Vedder commented on stage: "I don't know what this means. I don't think it means anything." Glen Hansard, leader of the Irish rock group The Frames, stated in 2008 that the Grammys represent something outside of the real world of music "that's fully industry based." He said he wasn't that interested in attending that year's ceremony, even though he had been nominated for two different awards. Maynard James Keenan, lead singer of metal band Tool, did not attend the Grammy Awards ceremony to receive one of their awards. He explained his reasons:
I think the