Statistically Significant
Andrew Landgraf's Blog
Yet Another Baseball Defense Statistic
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Fangraphs recently published an interesting dataset that measures defensive efficiency of fielders. For each player, the Inside Edge dataset breaks their opportunities to make plays into five categories, ranging from almost impossible to routine. It also records the proportion of times that the player successfully made the play. With this data, we can see how successful each player is for each type of play. I wanted to think of a way to combine these five proportions into one fielding metric. From here on, I will assume that there is no error in categorizing a play as easy or hard and that there is no bias in the categorizations.
The model I will build is motivated by ordinal regression. If we only were concerned with the success rate in one of the categories, we could use standard logistic regression, and the probability that player $i$ successfully made a play would be assumed to be $\sigma(\theta_i)$, where $\sigma()$ is the logistic function. Using our prior knowledge that plays categorized as easy should have a higher success rate than plays categorized as difficult, I would like to generalize this.
Say there are only two categories: easy and hard. We could model the probability that player $i$ successfully made an hard play as $\sigma(\theta_i)$ and the probability that he made an easy play as $\sigma(\theta_i+\gamma)$. Here, we would assume that $\gamma$ is the same for all players. This assumption implies that if player $i$ is better than player $j$ at easy plays, he will also be better at hard plays. This is a reasonable assumption, but maybe not true in all cases.
Since we have five different categories of difficulty, we can generalize this by having $\gamma_k, k=1,\ldots,4$. Again, these $\gamma_k$'s would be the same for everyone. A picture of what this looks like for shortstops is below. In this model, every player will effectively be shifting the curve either left or right. A positive $\theta_i$ means the player is better than average and cause the curve to shift left and vice versa for negative $\theta_i$.
I modeled this as a multi-level mixed effects model, with the players being random effects and the $\gamma_k$'s being fixed. Technically, I should optimize subject to the condition that the $\gamma_k$'s are increasing, but the unconstrained optimization always yields increasing $\gamma_k$'s because there is a big difference between success rate in the categories. I used combined data from 2012 and 2013 seasons and included all players with at least one success and one failure. I modeled each position separately. Modeling player effects as random, there is a fair amount of regression to the mean built in. In this sense, I am more trying to estimate the true ability of the player, rather than measuring what he did during the two years. This is an important distinction, which may differ from other defensive statistics.
Model fit
Below is a summary of the results of the model for shortstops. I am only plotting the players with the at least 800 innings, for readability. A bonus of modeling the data like this is that we get standard error estimates as a result. I plotted the estimated effect of each player along with +/- 2 standard errors. We can be fairly certain that the effects for the top few shortstops is greater than 0 since their confidence intervals do not include 0. The same is true for the bottom few. Images for the other positions can be found here.
The results seem to make sense for the most part. Simmons and Tulowitzki have reputations as being strong defenders and Derek Jeter has a reputation as a poor defender.
Further, I can validate this data by comparing it to other defensive metrics. One that is readily available on Fangraphs is UZR per 150 games. For each position, I took the correlation of my estimated effect with UZR per 150 games, weighted by the number of innings played. Pitchers and catchers do not have UZR's so I cannot compare them. The correlations, which are in the plot below, range from about 0.2 to 0.65.
Interpreting parameters
In order to make this fielding metric more useful, I would like to convert the parameters to something more interpretable. One option which makes a lot of sense is "plays made above/below average". Given an estimated $\theta_i$ for a player, we can calculate the probability that he would make a play in each of the five categories. We can then compare those probabilities to the probability an average player would make a play in each of the categories, which would be fit with $\theta=0$. Finally, we can weight these differences in probabilities by the relative rate that plays of various difficulties occur.
For example, assuming there are only two categories again, suppose a player has a 0.10 and 0.05 higher probability than average of making hard and easy plays, respectively. Further assume that 75% of all plays are hard and 25% are easy. On a random play, the improvement in probability over an average player of making a play is $.10(.75)+.05(.25)=0.0875$. If a player has an opportunity for 300 plays in an average season, this player would be $300 \times 0.0875=26.25$ plays better than average over a typical season.
I will assume that the number of opportunities to make plays is directly related to the number of innings played. To convert innings to opportunities, I took the median number of opportunities per inning for each position. For example, shortstops had the highest opportunities per inning at 0.40 and catchers had the lowest at 0.08. The plot below shows the distribution of opportunities per inning for each position.
We can extend this to the impact on saving runs from being scored as well by assuming each successful play saves $x$ runs. I will not do this for this analysis.
Finally, I put together a Shiny app to display the results. You can search by team, position, and innings played. A team of '- - -' means the player played for multiple teams over this period. You can also choose to display the results as a rate statistic (extra plays made per season) or a count statistic (extra plays made over the two seasons). To get a seasonal number, I assume position players played 150 games with 8.5 innings in each game. For pitchers, I assumed that they pitched 30 games, 6 innings each.
Conclusions and future work
I don't know if I will do anything more with this data, but if I could do it again, I may have modeled each year separately instead of combining the two years together. With that, it would have been interesting to model the effect of age by observing how a player's ability to make a play changes from one year to the next. I also think it would be interesting to see how changing positions affects a players efficiency. For example, we could have a $9 \times 9$ matrix of fixed effects that represent the improvement or degradation in ability as a player switches from their main position to another one. Further assumptions would be needed to make sure the $\theta$'s are on the same scale for every position.
At the very least, this model and its results can be considered another data point in the analysis of a player's fielding ability. One thing we need to be concerned about is the classification of each play into the difficultness categories. The human eye can be fooled into thinking a routine play is hard just because a fielder dove to make the play, when a superior fielder could have made it look easier.
I have put the R code together to do this analysis in a gist. If there is interest, I will put together a repo with all the data as well.
Update: I have a Github repository with the data, R code for the analysis, the results, and code for the Shiny app. Let me know what you think.


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In this lab, we have the next question:
Given the following Collection Relationship Diagram (CRD), identify the relationships that represent Many-to-Many relationships.
But the options for performing the response are very confusing:
For example I can't see the relation between: items.sold_at and items.reviews.body, because in one side we have the right field that is performing the relation one to many but the other field it is just a text that is not needed for doing a direct relation.
Can any one help in this topic, it seems like the answers are wrong!

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Nicholas Lane, Dartmouth College, hanover
Ye Xu, Dartmouth College, Hanover
Hong Lu, Dartmouth College, Hanover
Shane Eisenman, Columbia Univ, New York
Tanzeem Choudhury, Dartmouth College, Hanover
Andrew Campbell, Dartmouth College, Hanover
Human behavior modeling at a large-scale and under real-world conditions is still an open problem. Existing classification models do not always perform well on a diverse population. Training personalized models that incorporate different contextual conditions and individual user characteristics are effective in addressing this challenge. However, this approach burdens the users with collecting and manually labeling their own training data which is not scalable. In this article, we propose CoCo (Cooperative Communities), a learning framework that leverages different types of everyday social connections between people to personalize classification models. CoCo exploits social networks to selectively combine small contributions of labeled data from people with shared context or user characteristics. Under CoCo a personalized classifier is trained for each individual user, but by exploiting social networks, the burden of providing training data can be spread over the entire community.
A.0 General, B Hardware, I.2 Artificial Intelligence, I.1.4 Applications, I.5 Pattern Recognition, I.2 Artificial Intelligence, G.3.h Probabilistic algorithms, G.3.e Markov processes, C.5.7 Wearable Computers, C.3.h Ubiquitous computing, C.2.2.a Applications, C.2.4 Distributed Systems, C.2.8 Mobile Computing, C.3.h Ubiquitous computing, C.3.h Ubiquitous computing, H.1.2.b Human-centered computing, H.5.2 User Interfaces, J.9.a Location-dependent and sensitive, J.9.d Pervasive computing, J.9 Mobile Applications, J.9.f Wireless sensor networks, J.9.e Wearable computers and body area networks, I.5.2.a Classifier design and evaluation, I.1.4 Applications, I.5.4.j Remote sensing
Nicholas Lane, Ye Xu, Hong Lu, Shane Eisenman, Tanzeem Choudhury, Andrew Campbell, "Cooperative Communities (CoCo): Exploiting Social Networks for Large-scale Modeling of Human Behavior", IEEE Pervasive Computing,, no. 1, pp., PrePrints PrePrints, doi:10.1109/MPRV.2011.62
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We've been here before.
No, I am not referring to the recent failed bid of the Plaintiff in Salcedo to obtain a re-hearing or the Plaintiff in Glasser's soon-to-be-failed (I hope) bid for a re-hearing. I am referring to the awkward grammatical arguments advanced using sentences that are improperly phrased to prove an improbable definition of ATDS was intended by Congress.
When we last addressed the issue, you'll recall Gadelhak's counsel was urging the Seventh Circuit to rule in its favor because:
if a chef tells her prep-cook to "boil or dice the potatoes[,] using a knife," the cook knows he is not supposed to use a knife to boil the potatoes.
As I explained previously, however, that analogy actually worked the opposite way the Plaintiff intended. As I noted before the Gadelhak ruling:
The second big argument Plaintiff advances is that the word "store" is superfluous in the TCPA if the statutory definition is applied. In his view, "it does no work whatsoever because the hypothetical system already qualifies as an ATDS, given that it (A) produces numbers using a random or sequential number generator and (B) automatically dials those numbers." And the law hates statutory interpretations that make words superfluous. Again, there is an easy response—but let's focus on the tricky stuff. Let's use the potato example again.
In the potato example the chef tells the cook to take his pick—he can boil the potato or he can dice it. But if he dices it, he must use a knife.
How else can you dice a potato?
While the chef's instructions are grammatically incorrect for the reasons identified earlier, they also contain an unnecessary element—why include the word "with a knife" in the instruction at all? There is no other way to dice a potato.
The phrase "with a knife," therefore, is actually superfluous if we are focusing solely on dicing potatoes—there is no other way to do it. So the knife component of the instruction must –if we are interpreting the instruction like a statute—modify the "boil" component of the instruction. That is, the chef's instruction is literally that the cook must use a knife regardless of whether he is boiling or dicing the potato. Otherwise not only is the comma in the wrong place, the reference to the knife is wholly superfluous.
So the Plaintiff's big grammatical argument in Gadelhak actually backfires and compels a determination that the TCPA's ATDS definition requires random or sequential number generation regardless of whether the numbers are subsequently stored, or merely dialed immediately after being produced. Unsurprisingly that is just what the Seventh Circuit panel found.
But the Gadelhak Plaintiff is now, predictably, seeking a re-hearing of that ruling. Amusingly enough, featuring prominently in the petition are more poorly-constructed sentences that no one would ever actually say designed, apparently, to convince the Seventh Circuit to overturn one of the finest grammar-based appellate court decisions since Learned Hand. Read the petition–found here Rehearing petition — to enjoy such classic gibberish as:
 - "The surgeon sterilized and incised my elbow, using a scalpel."
 - "Baseball is a sport in which players throw or hit a ball, using a bat."
 - "This company manufactures and ships widgets, using the U.S. postal service."
 - "I have deduced that Mrs. Peacock either shot or bludgeoned Colonel Mustard in the Billiard Room, using the Candlestick."
In each of these examples, of course, the reader is supposed to conclude the last fragment of the statement modifies only one of two objects before the comma. But that conclusion is only empowered by the context andreally- by an assumption: that one of the two objects cannot be modified in the manner described in the sentence.
The Clue version is particularly appealing to this child of the 80s who can vividly recall solving motiveless haphazard murders enabled by a short deck of cards and a needlessly small manila envelope. Kind of dark actually.
Given the reliance on these tortured exemplars, I'm not sure this re-hearing bid has much of a shot. But stranger things have happened. We'll keep an eye on things for you.
For what its worth, Judge Hand once wrote:
There is no surer way to misread any document than to read it literally. … As nearly as we can, we must put ourselves in the place of those who uttered the words, and try to divine how they would have dealt with the unforeseen situation; and, although their words are by far the most decisive evidence of what they would have done, they are by no means final.
Make of it what you will.
The iA Case Law Tracker can help you keep up with new court decisions and conduct quick, incisive legal research in less time than it takes to pour your morning cup of coffee.
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In ancient Rome, virtus was originally the quality of "manliness," from vir, "man." It often means "valor," but as the quality that made a man fulfill his potential as a man, it came to mean something more closely akin to "character, personal integrity," and hence "virtue," which women could also possess. Virtus was personified as a deity, though not always of the same gender. In the Roman Republic, Virtus often received sacrifices in the company of Honos, Honor, and the pair were also cultivated as deities jointly at temples. Virtus continued to be regarded as a deity in the Imperial era, and was one of the qualities or virtues associated with the cult of the emperors.
Media in category "Virtus"


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The modeling of residual stresses induced by drilling remains an issue. Indeed, even if some models are under development, their validation is limited by the absence of universal characterization method of residual stresses inside the hole. This paper aims at presenting a procedure to characterize the residual stress profile induced by drilling. The principle is based on the preparation of a reference sample that has been pre-heat treated in order to remove bulk residual stresses without modifying the microstructure. Then the sample is instrumented with strain gauges before being cut in two parts. This enables on one hand to estimate the elastic recovery after the cut and on the other hand to provide an easy access to the investigated surface. Finally a standard X-Ray diffractometer and an electropolishing technique are combined to estimate residual stresses profiles in two directions (circumferential and axial directions). Some numerical analyses are also performed to estimate stress relaxation during thermal treatment and during sample cutting to give a better interpretation of measurements.
A Method to Characterize Residual Stresses Induced by Machining
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Girinon, M, Robin, V, Jourden, E, Valiorgue, F, Rech, J, & Feulvarch, E. "A Method to Characterize Residual Stresses Induced by Machining." Proceedings of the ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. Volume 6B: Materials and Fabrication. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. July 17–21, 2016. V06BT06A001. ASME. _URL_
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I-Pop: International Journal of Indonesian Popular Culture and Communication, published by Program Studi Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Bakrie, is an interdisciplinary journal of popular culture and communication in (the context of) Indonesia, about Indonesia (or related to Indonesia), and the pop work created by or involves Indonesians. Published biannually, the I-Pop Journal follows a rigorous double-blind review process, in which reviewers and authors do not know each other, to ensure the objectivity of the assessment. I-Pop Journal has four typical rubrics:
- ORIGINAL ARTICLE (research paper or constructive conceptual paper)
- BOOK REVIEW (review and criticism of the latest book)
- POP REVIEW (review and criticism of the latest work of popular culture and communication) and
- REFLECTION (reflective experiences and/or exclusive interviews with the creators or actors of Indonesian pop culture work).


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The aim of the study is to reveal the effect of digital comics material on students'
academic success, their views on distance education, course and digital comics.
In the study conducted during the 2019-2020 academic year and the pandemic,
digital comics material was created in the Pixton design program for the aim of
the acquisition of "different management styles in terms of basic principles of
democracy," in the learning area of active citizenship in the 6th grade Social
Studies curriculum. It is known that the comic book, which has no time and place
limits, provides easy and fast access to information, prepared within the
framework of distance education, provides motivation to individuals and
increases interest in the course in accordance with psycho-social development.
The study was designed as a mixed method. The quantitative dimension of the
research was designed as a single group experimental study and the prepared
academic achievement test was applied before and after the study. In the
qualitative dimension, phenomenology was applied and the data were collected
through audio-recorded interviewing. The quantitative study group of the
research consists of 10 students, and the qualitative phase consists of 5 students.
The obtained data were analyzed through the statistical program in the
quantitative phase and content analysis in the qualitative dimension. As a result
of the research, it was concluded that the use of digital comics in distance
education increases the success and helps to develop positive behaviors towards


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PaperCut includes Find Me printing which solves the problem of locating the closest printer from a host of available devices. It is a roaming print service that allows print jobs to find users based on their physical location. It is sometimes referred to as "Pull Printing", "Push Printing" or "Follow Me" printing. It is an ideal solution for large sites operating a common printer fleet.
Users simply print to a single global virtual queue then go to a print release station and release their print job(s).
Printer Load Balancing
Printer load balancing automatically distributes print jobs between two or more printers. Load balancing is generally used to equally distribute print jobs across a pool of printers saving valuable time in document output for the user and at the same time balancing the wear and tear among printer devices. Load balancing can be implemented in PaperCut as part of Find Me Printing or separately without the need for release stations in a direct printing environment.
Clustering allows your organisation to ensure your printing services are not affected if anything should happen to your main server. PaperCut is a cluster compatible application and is supported under Windows (Microsoft Cluster Server / MSCS, Microsoft Failover Cluster Manager / MSFCM, Vetitas Cluster Server / VCS) and Linux (Novell Cluster Services / NCS, Linux-HA) at all levels of the application, including:
- Clustering at the print spooler service layer by integrating with clustering services
- Failover based clustering at the Application Server layer using clustering services
- At the database layer by utilising cluster aware databases such as Microsoft SQL Server, PostgreSQL or Oracle


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VOCABULARY: drunk, balcony, balance, canopy, destroys, confused
If you found the passage difficult to read or had problems understanding specific words or idiomatic expressions, please discuss them with your tutor. The following discussion questions should be answered in your own words and with your own arguments.
- Briefly, summarize the content of the article in your own words.
- Are balconies dangerous sometimes? Why or why not?
- Have you ever fell down and hurt yourself? If yes, describe what happened.
- Do you think the man could have died? Why or why not?
READING COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS:
- Which country is the man in?
- What's the age of the person?
- How high is the balcony?
- The man slipped and fell down the building. (T or F)
- He only had minor injuries. (T or F)
EXPRESSIONS or PHRASES:
What do the following expressions or phrases mean?
- on a balcony (P1)
- above the ground (p1)
- loses his balance (P2)
- Really lucky (P2)
Image source: 22.08.2016 By Leeroy.ca, Public domain, _URL_


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NumberFormat is an option for NumberForm and related functions which specifies how the mantissa, base and exponent should be assembled into a final print form.
With the setting NumberFormat
f, the function f is supplied with three arguments: the mantissa, base and exponent of each number to be printed.
The arguments are all given as strings.
When no exponent is to be printed, the third argument is given as "".
The function f must return the final format for the number.
See the Mathematica book: Section 2.8.7.
See also: ExponentFunction.
The default is to use scientific notation for all numbers with exponents outside the range -5 to 5.
This gives the exponents in Fortran-like e-format.
THIS IS DOCUMENTATION FOR AN OBSOLETE PRODUCT.
SEE THE DOCUMENTATION CENTER
FOR THE LATEST INFORMATION.

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Uses and benefits of electric fencing
Animal control is perhaps the most widely recognized reason for power fencing. Not only does power fencing keep domestic animals and livestock contained, it has various other important uses, including:
- Keeping wild animals out
- Separating different groups of animals
- Allowing rationing of crops and pasture
- Fencing animals off from eroding areas, trees, rivers and roads
Power fencing has revolutionized pasture management techniques and better pasture management means better profitability for farmers. Permanent or portable power fences are used to subdivide pasture to ensure even distribution of manure over grazing areas. In this way, pastures are kept fresh, short and palatable which ultimately leads to increased milk and meat production. If you are interested in finding out more about pasture management techniques.
Other key benefits of power fencing:
- Easily constructed and maintained
- Durable, because of low physical contact
- Light weight and easily transported
- Easily modified
- Less animal hide and pelt damage
- Deterrent to trespassers and predators
For convenient, economical animal control, improved pasture management and more profitable farming, a Gallagher Power Fence System is the trusted solution.


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BTWSC in association with African Histories Revisted, focus their two 2013 NARM African British histories on commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Paul Stephenson-led Bristol Bus Boycott, and the 100th anniversary of the election of London's first African mayor John Archer.
Although the audio-visual presentations can be delivered separately for youths, adults and inter-generational audiences, the programme launches at Gayton library with a combined presentation. It consists of:
1. Paul Stephenson & The Bristol Bus Boycott
An audio-visual presentation led by history consultant Kwaku with primary source material highlighting the fact that there was a bus boycott in Britain in 1963. It's an accessible family-friendly presentation, which will also point out the connections with cricket, the first race relations law, Tony Benn, newly "independent" Caribbean states, and Martin Luther King's 'I Have A Dream Speech'.
2. John Archer & Black Politics
An audio-visual presentation led by history consultant Kwaku that goes beyond the fact that John Archer became London's first African mayor in 1913. It's an accessible family-friendly presentation, which will show that besides being a councillor, he was a Labour party activist whose successful collaboration with an Asian parliamentary candidate sowed the seeds of the party's Black Sections over half a century earlier. An attendee of the 1900 pan-African conference, he was talking about issues such as reparations, long before it took hold in the 1990s.
For more details, or to commission a presentation: Awula Sewrwah, _EMAIL_, _URL_


© 2020
The Structure of Complex Images
Part of the Palgrave Close Readings in Film and Television book series (CRFT)
Table of contents
 1. Front Matter
 Pages i-xii
 2. Robert B. Ray
 Pages 1-14
 3. Film Studies and Its Problems
 1. Front Matter
 Pages 15-15
 4. Cinephilia, Cavell, and Description-as-Method
 1. Front Matter
 Pages 77-77
 2. Robert B. Ray
 Pages 79-100
 3. Robert B. Ray
 Pages 101-120
 5. Movie Star Performance
 1. Front Matter
 Pages 121-121
 2. Robert B. Ray
 Pages 123-136
 3. Robert B. Ray
 Pages 155-162
 6. Memory Theaters
 1. Front Matter
 Pages 163-163
 2. Robert B. Ray
 Pages 165-196
 7. The Structure of Complex Images
 8. Back Matter
 Pages 249-259
About this book
After over a century of existence, the cinema still has its mysteries. Why, for example, is the job we call movie stardom unlike any other in the world? How do films provide so much unconcealed information that we fail to notice? What makes it hard to define what counts as "acting"? How do movies like Casablanca and Breathless store the film and world histories of their generations? How can we reconcile auteurism's celebration of the movie director's authority with the camera's automatism? Why have the last four decades of film criticism so often neglected such questions? After beginning with an overview of film studies, this book proposes a shift from predictable theoretical approaches to models that acknowledge the perplexities and mysteries of the movies. Deriving methods from cinephilia, Wittgenstein, Richard Rorty, Stanley Cavell, Eleanor Duckworth, V. F. Perkins, and James Naremore, Robert B. Ray offers close readings that call attention to what we have missed in such classic films as La Règle du Jeu, It Happened One Night, It's a Wonderful Life, Vertigo, Holiday, The Philadelphia Story, Casablanca, Breathless, and Tickets.
Images Film Studies Complexity Mystery Classic Cinema Close Reading Structure Film Theory
Authors and affiliations
 1. 1.Department of EnglishUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleUSA
About the authors
Robert B. Ray is Professor of English at the University of Florida, USA. He is the author of A Certain Tendency of the Hollywood Cinema: _PHONE_, The Avant-Garde Finds Andy Hardy, How a Film Theory Got Lost and Other Mysteries in Cultural Studies, The ABCs of Classic Hollywood, and Walden X 40. He is also a member of The Vulgar Boatmen, whose records include You and Your Sister, Please Panic, Opposite Sex, and Wide Awake.
Bibliographic information
 - Book Title The Structure of Complex Images
 - Authors Robert B. Ray
 - Series Title Palgrave Close Readings in Film and Television
 - Series Abbreviated Title Palgrave Close Readings in Film and Television
 - DOI
 - Publisher Name Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
 - eBook Packages Literature, Cultural and Media Studies Literature, Cultural and Media Studies (R0)
 - Hardcover ISBN 978-3-030-40630-1
 - Softcover ISBN 978-3-030-40633-2
 - eBook ISBN 978-3-030-40631-8
 - Edition Number 1
 - Number of Pages XII, 259
 - Number of Illustrations 26 b/w illustrations, 14 illustrations in colour
 - Topics Close Reading
 Film Theory
 Film History
 - Buy this book on publisher's site


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It isn't quite as awesome as if they discovered an anti-gravity molecule, but the anti-cavity molecule that was recently identified by dental researchers could still have some pretty cool applications.
The molecule has been named Keep 32, after the 32 teeth in a normal human mouth. A researcher at Yale University named Jose Cordoba and his partner at the Chilean Universidad de Santiago, Erich Astudillo, claim that the Keep 32 molecule can kill the bacteria that cause cavities. It could make cavities a thing of the past, they say.
Research into the molecule began in 2005 and we are supposedly only 14 to 18 months away from it hitting the market (assuming it passes all the safety tests, of course).
The molecule reportedly can be added to any mouthwash or toothpaste, and even to non-dental products like gum and candy, so it has the potential dramatically change the world of dentistry. Wouldn't it be a crazy irony if candy ultimately became the product that ended cavities once and for all?
Just think–the horrible fear of the dentist's drill could soon be a thing of the past. While that would obviously be a very good thing, I think I would kind of miss the bizarre feeling that you get when you leave your dentist's office with your mouth still completely numb from Novocaine.


Review of Lawrence Wright's Novel The End of October
The End of October reviewed by Nicholas O'Connell of The Writer's Workshop.
The End of October reviewed by Nicholas O'Connell of The Writer's Workshop.
Video interview with Pulitzer Prize winner Lawrence Wright
By Nicholas O'Connell
Talk about prescient. Lawrence Wright's new novel, The End of October, appeared in April, 2020, right as COVID-19 exploded across the U.S. and world. A medical thriller, the novel tells the story of a fictional pandemic caused by a mysterious new virus, Kongoli, which spreads like wildfire, threating to bring the world to its knees. Written by the Pulitzer Prize-winner and best-selling author, Lawrence Wright, it tells the tale through the eyes of Dr. Henry Parsons, a microbiologist and epidemiologist, who travels to an internment camp in Indonesia where 47 people have died from acute hemorrhagic fever.
Like few others, Parsons understands the magnitude of the potential pandemic. Working on behalf of the World Health Organization, he wracks his brain to figure out how to combat the virus. By choosing a main character like Parsons, Wright is able to explain virology in all its complexity. Like his previous book, The Looming Tower, the novel displays amazingly skilled reporting, yielding surprising observations: "For Henry, the most surprising feature of viruses was that they were a guiding force behind evolution. If the infected organism survived, it sometimes retained a portion of the viral material in its own genome. The legacy of ancient infections might be found in as much as 8 percent of the human genome, including the genes that controlled memory formation, the immune system, and cognitive development. We wouldn't be who we are without them."
As readers follow Henry's attempts to stop the virus, we learn fascinating lessons about viruses, including Kongoli, and COVID-19 the current scourge.
Despite Parson's best efforts, he fails to prevent an infected Indonesian man, Bambang Idris, from joining the annual Muslim Hajj to Mecca. Wright describes the man's journey in rich, colorful, and terrifying detail, as the Bambang unwittingly infects millions of others. The novel throws into relief the varieties of global cultures, from Muslim Saudi Arabia to contemporary United States, and how the virus infects all of them.
As the pandemic rages, Parsons seeks to return to his family in the United States. He hitches a ride on a nuclear submarine to head back to the U.S. Predictably, the pandemic erupts in the close quarters of the vessel. Using his wits and expertise, he discovers an important breakthrough about the virus.
By the time he returns home, American civilization is collapsing. The novel paints a credibly dystopian picture of the destruction such a virus might cause. Though characters like the Parsons' wife Jill are insufficiently sketched and some of the dialogue is stilted, overall, the novel is a riveting page turner that warns what our future might look like if we don't get COVID-19 under control.
Nicholas O'Connell is the founder of The Writer's Workshop, a creative writing program that teaches writing classes.
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Acepromazine: Why I'm not a big fan when it comes to sedation via 'ace'
Patty Khuly, DVM
Updated: March 07, 2017
Published: October 22, 2009
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In this week's post on my Slumdog's recent need for sedation, the tranquilizer known as acepromazine was addressed in response to a round of questions. As in––Why wouldn't you use this tried and true veterinary drug on your own dog?
When I offered my answer, I received a comment urging me to be more clear about "ace" so that pet owners wouldn't get a one-sided view of this popular drug. In response, I thought it wise to provide a more complete rendering of the issues involved in its usage––especially since acepromazine is veterinary medicine's go-to tranquilizer.
This drug is used in a variety of ways in veterinary medicine. Here are the most commonly applied indications in cat and dog medicine:
 - as an oral sedative for travel, during storms and before grooming or veterinary visits
 - as an injectable tranquilizing agent to address aggressive, fractious or disruptive behaviors in hospital settings
 - in small doses (and typically in combination with an opiate), as an injectable anesthetic pre-medication
 - in small doses in combination with pain relievers post operatively to enhance the effect or lower the dose of the analgesic
In the last two cases, I employ acepromazine often (though by no means always). Pre-op, it's used to lower the dose of anesthetic induction agents to follow, lower blood pressure slightly, reduce the potential for arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms) and vomiting, and to confer mild relaxation prior to the procedure. Post-op, its synergistic effects with drugs like opiates mean that a small dose of acepromazine makes the pain relievers more effective in smaller doses.
That's why I like ace. But I don't tend to reach for acepromazine in the first two instances (for which sedation is the ultimate goal). I happen to believe the side effects related to acepromazine outweigh its benefits in these cases given that plenty of other drugs provide safer, more comfortable alternatives if a quiet animal is your goal. Here's the down-side of its uses as a tranquilizer/sedative, as presented by Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook (which I urge you all to buy):
 - It reduces the seizure threshold in animals and can bring on seizures in pets predisposed to them (epileptics, brain tumor patients, etc.).
 - At the labeled therapeutic dose indicated for sedation/tranquilization, it can cause profound hypotension (low blood pressure) in some animals.
 - Giant breed dogs and sighthounds can experience extremely deep sedation and prolonged recovery times (indeed, I once saw a greyhound sleep like the dead for two days after half the normal dose was administered intramuscularly)
 - "Acepromazine should be used very cautiously as a restraining agent in aggressive dogs, as it may make the animal more prone to startle and react to noises or other sensory inputs."
 - In fact, aggressive dogs can sometimes become more aggressive after receiving acepromazine. It's posited that the dysphoria associated with this class of tranquilizing drugs is responsible for this.
 - "Acepromazine has no analgesic effects." It does not relieve pain. (Though this is not really a down-side unless you're performing a procedure without other pain relievers on board.)
 - Despite its anti-arrhythmia qualities, it's been observed that boxers can suffer life-threatening arrhythmias with acepromazine––albeit rarely. Veterinarians must always be mindful of this when using ace in boxers.
Further, Plumb's goes on to explain that,
"The use of acepromazine as a sedative/tranquilizer in the treatment of adverse behaviors in dogs or cats has largely been supplanted by newer, effective agents, that have fewer adverse effects.
"Its use for sedation during travel is controversial, and many no longer recommend drug therapy for this purpose."
It's also believed that acepromazine, used freely for noise phobia, may actually heighten pets' sensitivity to noise. For this reason, one of my local behaviorists is especially opposed to its use during storm or fireworks season.
All good points. But for me, the larger issue is this: With acepromazine, the potential for dysphoria (an unhappy feeling) is high. Though we have no way of confirming this (except by inference, as in the case of heightened aggression in dogs who receive ace), we do know that similar tranquilizers in humans have fallen out of favor due to their dysphoric effects on people.
Consider Thorazine (chlorpromazine): This drool-on-yourself, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest kind of tranquilizer was once ubiquitous in human psych wards. Though this acepromazine-like drug is still used, it's not exactly a kind drug when used in big, human-stopping doses. Still, nothing quiets a raging psychotic like Thorazine does. Same goes for acepromazine in pets. It stops them. And that's why we like it.
Problem is, not only do we have the case of dysphoria and Thorazine to consider, we also happen to know that acepromazine causes even more profound dysphoria in humans than "Vitamin T" does. That's why humans very rarely abuse it.
You may abhor the comparison between humans and animals in this case. After all, humans and animals don't react the same way to all kinds of drugs. Nonetheless, neglecting to use human drug reactions as a starting point for how these drugs might theoretically act in animals seems a silly thing to do. But we do so all the time in cases where psychology is involved. As if animals might not experience similar alterations in brain chemicals in the same way...simply because we can't ask them how they feel.
Same is true for how pain relief has historically been treated in animals, infants and children. When we can't measure the psychological effects of pain, we've been––until very recently––reluctant to offer chemical relief for it.
Human and animal comparisons aside, I have a problem with acepromazine not only because of the potential for dysphoria, but because it doesn't address the underlying problem: anxiety. Sure, it keeps staff safe, but all kinds of drugs can do that...while inducing drowsiness and offering the minimized awareness we associate with comfortable sedation in ourselves. Ace, by contrast, doesn't necessarily achieve this.
Again, if animals are like humans, the tranquilization acepromazine offers allows for continued awareness (perhaps even heightened awareness). In fact, that's technically the difference between a tranquilizer and a sedative. Tranquilizers, by definition, allow you to retain some awareness.
Then there's the issue of its "overuse" as a sedative.
Acepromazine is tried and true. We're comfortable with it. And for some reason, switching from ace to something else––even while all the research tells us it's safer––is a stressful process for all practitioners. Knowing the ins and outs of how our favorite drug works means more safety in the short run...even though we know better choices are available when it comes to achieving a quiet animal.
That's why, I believe, acepromazine continues to hold sway in small animal veterinary medicine for sedation. That, its low abuse potential, its relative safety, its effectiveness...and the price factor, of course. Because it's way cheaper than alternatives like dexmedetomidine and way less "abuse-prone" than hydromorphone (a morphine-like opiate), we tend to stick to it.
But that's not acceptable as a matter of course say some anesthesiologists and behaviorists. They point out that the very issues that make acepromazine so popular are those that lead to its abuse: grooming and boarding facilities that "ace" everything when things get noisy, veterinary hospitals that hand out ace like pez for every kind of restless pet scenario, veterinarians who ace all aggressive dogs first and ask questions later, etc.
It's not appropriate to reach for acepromazine in these cases...perhaps not for any kind of scenario in which sedation is the goal, it's increasingly argued. Not as long as better options are out there that can achieve the same effects more safely and with greater attention to the animal welfare issues involved.
After all, offering ace as a sedative isn't helpful to your pet if her brain doesn't quiet down along with her body. And it's primarily on this basis that I object to ace: Sedating pets without regard for what they may experience is the height of human hubris. Especially when there's a better way.


Unstable or dislocating coccyx
The commonest cause of coccydynia is an unstable coccyx - one which dislocates or moves more than normal when you sit down. It may either bend upwards more than normal, or the joint may partly dislocate, slipping backwards. An unstable coccyx may be caused by trauma, such as from falls, from childbirth, or from car accidents, or it may be caused by weakening of the joint, which can occur in pregnancy. In many cases the cause of an unstable coccyx is unknown. You can see a video about tailbone pain and pregnancy from Dr Patrick Foye, www. tailbonedoctor.com. The medical paper by Bayne et al includes the cases of four women whose coccyx pain was apparently caused by anal intercourse. Beating a child on the bottom can also cause this.
The pictures below show unstable coccyxes.
hypermobile coccyx
This picture is based on x-rays of someone facing to the left, standing and then sitting. It shows a coccyx which bends up more than normal on sitting (a hypermobile coccyx).
dislocating coccyx
In this picture, the coccyx is made up of three segments (coccyxes vary a lot). The x-rays show that the whole coccyx slips backwards when this patient sits down.
These pictures are based on a medical paper by Dr Jean-Yves Maigne. You can see x-rays of damaged coccyxes, provided by Dr Maigne, on the page about dynamic (sit/stand) x-rays.
It is not surpising that slippage of a joint like this, pulling or tearing the surrounding tissues, can cause inflammation and pain. Because normal life is impossible without sitting, the joint is repeatedly forced out of its normal position, and may not be able to heal properly. Sitting down with an unstable coccyx is like spraining your ankle, then forcing the ankle to bend more than normal.
The most common trauma is a fall on to the bottom. Accidents like slipping when walking down stairs, or falls when skating or just on a slippery floor are often the cause. Childbirth can also strain the coccyx. Apparently the joints around the pelvis become more flexible towards the end of pregnancy, to allow delivery of the baby. This allows the coccyx to be pushed out of position more easily. Some women start getting the pain during the pregnancy, and some get it during and after delivery of the baby.
Repetitive strain from cycling or rowing has also been blamed for this condition. One of the medical papers says that anal intercourse can also be a cause. And in some cases there is no known cause, but the joint has become dislocated.
'Fractured coccyx' Doctors quite commonly diagnose 'fractured coccyx', and sometimes 'incomplete fusion of the coccyx'. So far as I can make out, both of these diagnoses are usually wrong, and are based on the idea, given in medical textbooks, that the coccyx is normally fused into one piece in adults. This is not true - doctors who have examined uninjured coccyxes have found that they normally consist of two or more pieces. Doctors who have no experience in this area look at an x-ray of a coccyx of someone in pain, and find that the coccyx is in several pieces, and so assume that it must either have been broken, or it never fused together properly.
A survey of the causes of coccyx pain published in the medical journal Spine by Dr Maigne and colleagues found that 55% of cases of coccyx pain were apparently caused by instability of the coccyx on sitting down.
The best method of diagnosing an unstable coccyx is by comparing x-rays of the coccyx taken when the patient was sitting and standing. A history of the pain starting immediately after a fall, or starting in pregnancy or childbirth, is also good evidence (though not everyone with an unstable coccyx can identify the cause). Some people can feel the coccyx dislocate by putting some hand cream on the area of the coccyx/sacrum joint, and feeling the joint with a finger as they sit down.
Dr Maigne found that all of the patients he tested who had acute pain while moving from sitting to standing had an unstable coccyx.
Sometimes the joint will heal by itself over a period of weeks or months. If it does not, injections of corticosteriods usually help. Some people get permanent relief with this treatment, while most get relief for a few months. The treatment can be repeated. Oddly, when the treatment is successful, the joint is still unstable, but no longer hurting. If corticosteroid treatment is unsuccessful, removal of the coccyx is successful in most cases.
Hall of fame
Famous people who have injured their coccyxes
Updated 2014-08-27


data.
n: int
Number of workers to close
minimum: int
Minimum number of workers to keep around
key: Callable(WorkerState)
An optional callable mapping a WorkerState object to a group affiliation. Groups will be closed together. This is useful when closing workers must be done collectively, such as by hostname.
target: int
Target number of workers to have after we close
attribute : str
The attribute of the WorkerState object to return, like "address" or "name". Defaults to "address".
to_close: list of worker addresses that are OK to close
>>> scheduler.workers_to_close()
Group workers by hostname prior to closing
>>> scheduler.workers_to_close(key=lambda ws:
Remove two workers
>>> scheduler.workers_to_close(n=2)
Keep enough workers to have twice as much memory as we we need.
>>> scheduler.workers_to_close(memory_ratio=2)
class distributed.Worker(scheduler_ip=None, scheduler_port=None, scheduler_file=None, ncores=None, nthreads=None, loop=None, local_dir=None, local_directory=None, services=None, service_ports=None, service_kwargs=None, name=None, reconnect=True, memory_limit='auto', executor=None, resources=None, silence_logs=None, death_timeout=None, preload=None, preload_argv=None, security=None, contact_address=None, memory_monitor_interval='200ms', extensions=None, metrics={}, startup_information={}, data=None, interface=None, host=None, port=None, protocol=None, dashboard_address=None, dashboard=False, http_prefix='/', nanny=None, plugins=(), low_level_profiler=False, validate=None, profile_cycle_interval=None, lifetime=None, lifetime_stagger=None, lifetime_restart=None, **kwargs)[source]
Worker node in a Dask distributed cluster
Workers perform two functions:
 1. Serve data from a local dictionary
 2. Perform computation on that data and on data from peers
$ dask-worker scheduler-ip:port
Use the --help flag to see more options:
$ dask-worker --help
Informational State
These attributes don't change significantly during execution.
 - nthreads: int:
 Number of nthreads used by this worker process
 - executor: concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor:
 Executor used to perform computation This can also be the string "offload" in which case this uses the same thread pool used for offloading communications. This results in the same thread being used for deserialization and computation.
 - local_directory: path:
 Path on local machine to store temporary files
 - scheduler: rpc:
 Location of scheduler. See.ip/.port attributes.
 - name: string:
 - services: {str: Server}:
 Auxiliary web servers running on this worker
 - service_ports: {str: port}:
 - total_out_connections: int
 The maximum number of concurrent outgoing requests for data
 - total_in_connections: int
 The maximum number of concurrent incoming requests for data
 - total_comm_nbytes: int
 - batched_stream: BatchedSend
 A batched stream along which we communicate to the scheduler
 - log: [(message)]
 A structured and queryable log. See Worker.story
Volatile State
 - tasks: {key: TaskState}
 - data: {key: object}:
 - data.memory: {key: object}:
 - data.disk: {key: object}:
 - data_needed: deque(keys)
 The keys whose data we still lack, arranged in a deque
 - ready: [keys]
 Keys that are ready to run. Stored in a LIFO stack
 - constrained: [keys]
 - executing_count: int
 A count of tasks currently executing on this worker
 - executed_count: int
 A number of tasks that this worker has run in its lifetime
 - long_running: {keys}
 - has_what: {worker: {deps}}
 The data that we care about that we think a worker has
 - pending_data_per_worker: {worker: [dep]}
 - in_flight_tasks: int
 - in_flight_workers: {worker: {task}}
 - comm_bytes: int
 The total number of bytes in flight
 - threads: {key: int}
 The ID of the thread on which the task ran
 - active_threads: {int: key}
 The keys currently running on active threads
 - waiting_for_data_count: int
 A count of how many tasks are currently waiting for data
scheduler_ip: str
scheduler_port: int
ip: str, optional
data: MutableMapping, type, None
nthreads: int, optional
loop: tornado.ioloop.IOLoop
local_directory: str, optional
Directory where we place local resources
name: str, optional
memory_limit: int, float, string
memory_target_fraction: float
Fraction of memory to try to stay beneath
memory_spill_fraction: float
Fraction of memory at which we start spilling to disk
memory_pause_fraction: float
Fraction of memory at which we stop running new tasks
executor: concurrent.futures.Executor
resources: dict
nanny: str
Address on which to contact nanny, if it exists
lifetime: str
lifetime_stagger: str
lifetime_restart: bool
See also
Use the command line to start a worker:
$ dask-scheduler
Start scheduler at
$ dask-worker
Start worker at:
Registered with scheduler at:
Gracefully shut down a worker
This first informs the scheduler that we're shutting down, and asks it to move our data elsewhere. Afterwards, we close as normal
executor_submit(key, function, args=(), kwargs=None, executor=None)[source]
Safely run function in thread pool executor
We've run into issues running concurrent.future futures within tornado. Apparently it's advantageous to use timeouts and periodic callbacks to ensure things run smoothly. This can get tricky, so we pull it off into an separate method.
gather_dep(worker, dep, deps, total_nbytes, cause=None)[source]
Gather dependencies for a task from a worker who has them
worker : str
address of worker to gather dependency from
dep : TaskState
task we want to gather dependencies for
deps : list
keys of dependencies to gather from worker – this is not necessarily equivalent to the full list of dependencies of dep as some dependencies may already be present on this worker.
Get the key of the task we are currently running
This only makes sense to run within a task
See also
>>> from dask.distributed import get_worker
>>> def f():
... return get_worker().get_current_task()
>>> future = client.submit(f) # doctest: +SKIP
>>> future.result() # doctest: +SKIP
For API compatibility with Nanny
Track this process's memory usage and act accordingly
If we rise above 70% memory use, start dumping data to disk.
If we rise above 80% memory use, stop execution of new tasks
Start an IPython kernel
Returns Jupyter connection info dictionary.
This transition is common for work stealing
Get a frame from all actively computing threads
Merge these frames into existing profile counts
For API compatibility with Nanny
A process to manage worker processes
The parameters for the Nanny are mostly the same as those for the Worker.
See also
close(comm=None, timeout=5, report=None)[source]
Close the worker process, stop all comms.
A signal that we shouldn't try to restart workers if they go away
This is used as part of the cluster shutdown process.
instantiate(comm=None) → distributed.core.Status[source]
Start a local worker process
Blocks until the process is up and the scheduler is properly informed
kill(comm=None, timeout=2)[source]
Kill the local worker process
Blocks until both the process is down and the scheduler is properly informed
For API compatibility with Nanny
Track worker's memory. Restart if it goes above terminate fraction
Start nanny, start local process, start watching


text:
The Refinery Process Additives Market is expected to reach $1,364.73 million by 2023
Americas dominates the Refinery Process Additives Market
Americas dominates the Refinery Process Additives Market during the forecast period. It is expected to generate $9,268.95 million by 2023. The market is enhanced by growing demand for oil and gas in the recent years. The discovery of shale oil fields in the region has driven the demand for oil and gas which results in the use of refinery process additives in the region. US had a major share of 46% in Americas total oil production in 2015. North America has seen a rise in the oil production due to the discovery of shale and oil resources.
Selected Analysis done in the full Report:
The Demulsifier segment in 2016 had reached revenue of $114.78 million. It is expected to generate revenue of $185.02 million by 2023 at a CAGR of 6.1%. Demulsifiers are emulsion breakers which are used to separate emulsion such as water and oil. Demulsification is the process of splitting crude oil emulsion into oil and water phase. Crude oil in the reserve is found with water. Hence, water in oil emulsions is formed during the process. Demulsification has two steps namely flocculation and coalescence. Flocculation is the process of joining the droplets together to form aggregates or flocculation. In coalescence, the water droplets fuse together to form a large drop, which decreases the number of water droplets. The high density of the droplets causes the separation of water from oil.
Excerpts on Market Growth Factors
- Increasing crude oil production will spur the demand for refinery process additives.
- Increasing preference for non-toxic corrosion inhibitors will drive the growth of the Refinery Process Additives Market.
- Increasing fracking operations will uplift the demand for refining process and growth in additives. Fracking is a process of drilling and injecting the fluid into the ground at a high pressure to obtain fissures in the shale rock. This process releases the natural gas which is trapped inside the rocks.
Key players of the Refinery Process Additives Market
Nalco Champion and Clariant AG are the dominant players in the Refinery Process Additives Market. Nalco Champion provides solutions for corrosion prevention, gas treatment, hydrogen sulfide scavengers, etc. Clariant AG has launched the SCALETREAT FES scale inhibitor which can prevent the formation of scales and damage in the refining applications.
- Refinery Catalyst Market: By Components (Zeolites, Metals, Chemicals and Others) By Application (Hydroprocessing, Fluid Catalytic Cracking, Alkylation and Others); By Geography - Forecast(2018 - 2023)
- Defoamers Market: By Type (Silicone Defoamer and Non-silicone Defoamer); By Applications (Pulp & Paper, Textiles, Paints & Coatings, Oil & Gas, Food and beverage, Lubricants and Others); By Geography - Forecast (2018-2023)


text:
Miss Margaret Dryburgh _PHONE_
A Dutch woman sparked off a far-reaching chain of events when she donated a collection of music manuscripts to California's Stanford University ten years ago. For the meticulously handwritten manuscripts were far removed from any usual musical composition.
They were choral arrangements sung by 30 Dutch, British and Australian woman imprisoned by the Japanese during the Second World War. To cope with captivity the woman formed a choral group in their prison camp on Sumatra, Indonesia. The inspiration for this was Margaret Dryburgh.
Margaret was born in Sunderland, the daughter of the Reverend and Mrs. W. Dryburgh. The family moved to Swalwell in the 1900's where he was the minister at the Presbyterian Church at the Ebeneezer Chapel in Market Lane. The family was very well liked in the village and they were all keen and talented musicians. Margaret became a qualified teacher and taught for a short time at the village school before going to China in 1919 as a missionary.
Soon she began arrangements of classical works for a 'Voice Orchestra', where types of humming sounds were used for each instrument. She taught the other inmates how to produce these sounds and concerts were put on to raise morale. From memory Margaret Dryburgh wrote down pages of music from baroque to contemporary with the help of Norah Chambers, a graduate of the Royal Academy of Music in London.
With only their memories to guide them they reproduced musical scores for over 30 orchestral and piano works by composers, which included Handel, Brahms, Chopin and Beethoven. Even the Japanese soldiers were amazed at the women's talent and used to listen at the door when they sang their services. The Saturday night gatherings grew so large and loud, that the guards peering in at the windows and climbing on to the dustbins, for a better view could not ignore them. They took to inviting themselves, sitting in the front row on cane chairs while the woman sat on the ground.
One of the pieces written by Margaret was the 'Captives Hymn', which was sung every Sunday at worship in the camp.
Its main feature was the absence of bitterness or hatred of their captors, despite the dreadful conditions they endured.
Together the two women rearranged the scores for choral singing, condensing a 15-minute movement of a symphony into a 5- minute choral work without losing its sense of balance and flow. Unless needed for vocal ease, the new scores remained faithful to the original keys.
The choice of syllabuses to be sung was left to Norah Chambers. To keep the programme a surprise for the other captives, she rehearsed the orchestra in a sooty shed behind the kitchen, without so much as a pitch pipe for an aid.
Constant hunger and disease took their toll and Margaret died on April 21st 1945 after reciting Psalm 23, a matter of months before the war ended. She was buried on 23rd April 1945 among the rubber trees of "Belau Camp on Sumatra. On March 2nd 1951 Margaret was reburied in the Dutch War Grave Cemetery in Java.
A year after the compositions were handed over to Stanford University, a women's chorus in California performed them in a series of concerts.
The first picture below is a drawing by Margaret Dryburgh of the kitchen at Muntok Camp; the second a drawing of the Men's Camp. (Thanks to Neil McGregor for these two drawings)
The story of the women and their music captured the audiences' imagination. It is thanks to a Dutch survivor, Helen Colijn, that their amazing spirit and Margaret's story lives on in her book which was later made into a film. The film -makers contacted Bill Fletcher, who played the organ in the Swalwell Chapel where her father was minister, to find out about her Tyneside background. The film,' Song of Survival', was shown in Britain on Channel Four.
In December 1997, a film, called 'Paradise Road', was released that showed the women's struggle to survive a horrific time in a Japanese Prisoner of War Camp in Sumatra during the Second World War, Margaret Dryburgh, was played by Pauline Collins.
Wards 9 and 10 at Dunston Hill Hospital were renamed 'The Margaret Dryburgh Ward' because of the hospital's connection with the Far Eastern Prisoners of War Association.
WWW::: Can your group direct me to the burial poem featured in the recent film:"Paradise Road"?
The burial was that of the young girl who traded persoanl possessions for medicines::: she was killed for her kindness ::; and the poen was read by Ms. Dryburugh::: Peace Only good Things Robert
Posted by: Rv. Mr. Robert Lackney at January 5, 2008 9:38 PM
The burial poem read by Pauline Collins playing Margaret Dryburgh in the film Paradise Road is as follows:
"How silent is this place,
The brilliant sunshine filters through the trees,
The leaves are rustled by a gentle breeze,
A wild and open space by shrubs pink-tipped,
Mauve-blossomed, did all grow.
A hush enfolds me, deep as I have known,
Unbroken, save by distant insects lone*,
A jungle clearing, a track through which we bear our load to Him,
It is our Paradise Road, how silent is this place, how sacred is this place".
*I am not sure about this word.
Author unknown, it may even have been written for the film, or the film may have taken its title from the poem.
You may also be interested in The Captives Hymn, written by Margaret Dryburgh while imprisoned, and also featured in the film at another burial service when the first two verses are spoken.
Father, in captivity,
We would lift our prayers to Thee,
Keep us ever in Thy love,
Grant that daily we may prove
Those who place their trust in Thee
More than conquerers may be.
Give us patience to endure.
Keep our hearts serene and pure,
Grant us courage, charity,
Greater faith, humility,
Readiness to own Thy will,
Be we free or captives still.
For our country we would pray,
In this hour be Thou her stay,
Pride and sinfulness forgive,
Teach her by Thy laws to live,
By Thy grace may all men see
That true greatness comes from Thee.
For our loved ones we would pray,
Be their guardian night and day,
From all danger keep them free,
Banish all anxiety,
May they trust us to Thy care,
Know that Thou our pains dost share.
May the day of freedom dawn,
Peace and justice be reborn,
Grant that nations loving Thee
O'er the world may brothers be,
Cleansed by suffering, know rebirth,
See Thy kingdom come on earth.
There are several websites which mention Margaret Dryburgh.
I hope this is of help.
Whickham Web Wanderers
Posted by: Whickham Web Wanderers at January 8, 2008 10:38 AM
The word in the burial poem you are not sure of is "drone."
"Unbroken, save by insects distant drone"
I just saw the movie last night and had to find out about the poem. Very moving in any context but especially following the immolation of Wing.
Posted by: Ed Giblin at January 24, 2008 7:06 PM
Thanks for supplying the'missing' word in the Margaret Dryburgh poem. Paradise Road is an interesting film and Pauline Collins is very good in the Margeret Dryburgh role even if she hasn't quite got her north east England accent right, except once or twice.
Posted by: Whickham Web Wanderers at January 27, 2008 11:19 AM
WWW : for some reason i have been negliant in expressing my deepest appreciation for the use of Captive's Hymn in my work as chaplain.
The Burial Poem, remains [at least for me]
::: one of the most beautiful of expression of that sense of:
::: inner splendor, simplicity, and silence
::: that many hope to accopmlish in
::: time of personal trial.
my deepest appreciation for your post on my request.
Peace and Only good Things
Society of Sacred Art and Architecture, Inc.
Posted by: rv robert r. lackney at December 5, 2008 10:52 PM
The word you are not sure may be "drone"?
safe by distant insect's drone
Posted by: Franco at August 25, 2009 6:24 PM
Thanks for the correction to the Margaret Dryburgh poem.
Posted by: Whickham Web Wanderers at August 26, 2009 9:23 AM
According to the film's credits, the burial poem was written by Margaret Dryburgh herself.
Posted by: Dangles at August 27, 2011 5:59 AM
Thanks for that information Dangles.
Posted by: Whickham Web Wanderers at August 28, 2011 3:02 PM
I would like to send you a copy of a drawing which is in my possession here in Australia. My mother was a Sylvia Muir who was in the POW camps along with Margaret. Apparently Margaret gave my mother this drawing before she died in 1945. My mother often spoke about Margaret as we were growing up and how the concerts helped them survive the atrocities of the camp. I cannot attach it to this email so if you would like a copy please let me know.
Neil McGregor PhD.
Posted by: Dr Neil McGregor at April 22, 2012 3:05 AM
This article


text:
Here Comes Super Bus
A four-level story-based English course for young learners
This four-level course for young learners aims to build children's confidence and develop their linguistic, social and emotional skills. By making English fun and enjoyable, Here Comes Super Bus lays down the foundations for future language learning and encourages children to use English as a means of real communications.
Each unit focuses on a central story which is linked to a topic or theme of special interest to children. The activities and tasks are built around the language and content of the story, to suit the specific needs, interests and psychological characteristics of young learners.
Children's interests are centred around themselves and their immediate world. Here Comes Super Bus offers many opportunities for children to talk and exchange information about themselves, their family, their home and their pets.
The syllabus for the course provides a balance between topics, activities, tasks and develops vocabulary and language functions which are relevant to children's communication needs.


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Based on the popular Collins First Time French Dictionary, this book is designed to introduce your child to the world of dictionaries in a fun and accessible way
- 500 illustrated words in English-to-French alphabetical order
- Example sentences show your child how French is really used
- Audio files for every headword and phrase available free at _URL_
- Learning is easier when it's fun! Collins Very First French Dictionary includes plenty of thematic pages on interesting topics such as colours & clothes, school and animals
- Complete French-to-English index so you and your child can find your favourite French words easily.
Collins Very First French Dictionary follows National Curriculum guidelines for modern foreign languages. Also available is Collins Very First Spanish Dictionary.


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Reports so far indicate that there may be another 29 Gootan ships in oceans around the globe and the number appears to be increasing daily.
"Gootan ships have been sighted by seamen and divers worldwide and the descriptions are amazingly similar," said Dr. Simon Michaels, a marine biologist with high-level contacts in the Pentagon.
"The undersea vessels are about 300 feet long with two saucer-shaped appendages and they are extremely fast. They are capable of reaching great depths – but can also pass from the water straight up into the atmosphere and right in out to stellar space.
"Over the past three decades, we've had such sightings from time to time. But the vast increase in reports over the last few months confirms that we are dealing with a major alien invasion from Planet Gootan."
The Gootan ship in the Baltic was found by a Swedish company named Ocean Explorer. They found the ship using their sonar technology – and immediately reported it to extraterrestrial experts at the U.N.


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In 1995, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) issued ICRP Publication 70 which provided an extensive update to the physiological and anatomical reference data for the skeleton of adults and children originally issued in ICRP Publication 23. Although ICRP Publication 70 has been a valuable document in the development of reference voxel computational phantoms, additional guidance is needed for dose assessment in the skeletal tissues beyond that given in ICRP Publication 30. In this study, a computed tomography (CT) and micro-CT-based model of the skeletal tissues is presented, which considers (1) a 50-μm depth in marrow for the osteoprogenitor cells, (2) electron escape from trabecular spongiosa to the surrounding cortical bone, (3) cortical bone to trabecular spongiosa cross-fire for electrons and (4) variations in specific absorbed fraction with changes in bone marrow cellularity for electrons. A representative data set is given for electron dosimetry in the craniofacial bones of the adult male.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
- Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging
- Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health


text: Grades of Green had tons of fun hosting a 4R workshop for the Westside YMCA! Members were invited to attend an afternoon workshop where they could learn about the importance of taking care of the environment, and how they can use the 4R's (reduce, reuse, recycle and rot) in their everyday life. The presentation kept the audience on their toes with an interactive games like "Trashketball" to practice recycling skills, "Natural Resource Matching" to remind students where popular waste items come from, and "How Long til it's Gone" to discover how long it takes for common disposables to decompose in a landfill. The workshop concluded with a veggie stamping activity where each guest was able to make a card for a loved one using veggie scraps and stamps. Grades of Green looks forward to partnering with the YMCA to host more community workshops in the future!


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New sentencing guidelines that will see the courts take full account of the harm caused by offences such as arson attacks on historic buildings or criminal damage leading to severe disruption of public services were published today by the Sentencing Council.
For the first time, all courts in England and Wales will have formal guidance to ensure that they take account of:
- The full impact of arson or criminal damage such as vandalism on national heritage assets including listed buildings, historic objects or unique parts of national heritage and history.
- The economic or social impact of damaging public amenities and services such as a fire at a school or community centre, or criminal damage at a train station, which can adversely affect local communities or cause economic hardship to neighbouring houses or businesses.
- The effect on communities when an area's emergency services or resources are diverted to deal with an incident of criminal activity.
The guidelines acknowledge that harm can involve not only physical injury but long-term psychological effects, and that damage to property can be about more than just its financial value.
Judges and magistrates will also consider requesting reports to ascertain both whether the offence is linked to a mental disorder or learning disability in order to assess culpability, and whether any mental health disposal should be considered.
The guidelines, which come into effect on 1 October 2019, will help to ensure that sentencing by judges and magistrates will be consistent across the whole range of these offences. Limited guidance exists in magistrates' courts, but the new guidelines apply to all courts.
The new guidelines cover the following offences:
- Arson – criminal damage by fire
- Criminal damage / arson with intent to endanger life or being reckless as to whether life endangered
- Criminal damage where the damage has a value of more than £5000
- Criminal damage where the damage has a value of less than £5000
- Racially or religiously aggravated criminal damage
- Threats to destroy or damage property
Sentencing Council member Her Honour Judge Sarah Munro QC said:
"The Council's guidelines ensure that courts can consider all the consequences of arson and criminal damage offences, from a treasured family photo being destroyed to someone nearly losing their life and home in a calculated and vengeful arson attack."
Welcoming the new guidelines Mark Harrison, Head of Heritage Crime Strategy for Historic England, said:
"England's heritage can't be valued purely in economic terms. The impact of criminal damage and arson to our historic buildings and archaeological sites has far-reaching consequences over and above what has been damaged or lost.
"Damage to our heritage comes in many forms. Whether it be graffiti painted on the walls of a historic church, vandalism to the stonework of an ancient castle or causing a fire that devastates a Medieval barn or Victorian pier; these offences have a detrimental impact on both the historic property or site and the local community in which it is located.
"The new guidelines will help the courts identify all the relevant factors to include in their sentencing decisions as they will now be able to consider 'threats to cause criminal damage', 'the act of damage' and 'damage by fire'. It will also aid Historic England's work with the Police and Crown Prosecution Service when cases involve damage caused to heritage or cultural assets."
Neil Odin, Chair of the National Fire Chiefs Council Prevention Coordination Committee, commented:
"I fully support these new guidelines for dealing with arson attacks through the courts. Deliberate acts of arson are a blight on our local communities and have an economic impact on businesses.
"In addition, damage and the loss of historical buildings is disruptive and impacts on our vitally important heritage. Arson also increases demands on the already stretched resources of fire services across the country, which can result in diverting resources away from other incidents.
" It is worrying to see that there has been an upward trend of arson since 2014/15 and while we will continue with prevention work to reduce these figures, it is important the courts can deal with criminal damage appropriately, sending a clear message to other people."
Justice Minister Robert Buckland said:
"Beyond the financial cost to victims, arson and criminal damage are serious offences which can risk lives and leave lasting psychological harm.
"So it is right that courts have clear and consistent guidance when sentencing offenders to ensure punishments properly fit the crime."


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gives an image in which each pixel represents a sum of all pixels below and to the left of that pixel in image.
- ImageAccumulate[image] pads the image with one row of zeros at the bottom and one column of zeros on the left of the image after accumulating the pixels and returns an image whose dimensions are 1+ImageDimensions[image].
- ImageAccumulate operates separately on each channel in an image.
- ImageAccumulate gives an image of a real type.
- ImageAccumulate[image,Method->"CompensatedSummation"] uses compensated summation to reduce numerical error in the result.
- ImageAccumulate also works with Image3D objects.
Introduced in 2012
(9.0)| Updated in 2014


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What is a 'University'? What are we Preparing our Students to Progress into?
This article is part of an ongoing project exploring people's perceptions of what a university is, what it should be and what it might be in the future. The bulk of the essay looks back at the history of universities in England, drawing out a number of 'tensions' that have characterised that history. It then conveys the results of a survey exploring the views of attendees at the Foundation Year Network Annual Conference in July 2018 (entitled, 'Unity and Diversity in the Foundation Year Experience') about what a university is and should be. These results are then related to the themes that arise from the historical overview which lead to some brief conclusions – primarily that we should celebrate the diversity within the English university system while seeking to identify the things that unite us and foster that unity.


Native Americans used turtle shells as musical instruments
Many indigenous groups believe that the world was formed upon a turtle's back. This symbology and belief is imbued into the turtle shell rattles, which are meant to keep rhythm and thereby interjects powerful symbology and spiritual energy into dances and ceremonies.
Musical instruments have a deep ancient history in human society and are encoded with meanings beyond their sound making capabilities. Researchers from the Florida State University examined the use of turtle shells as percussion instruments in the southeastern United States. They identified and analyzed several partial Eastern box turtle shells from middle Tennessee archaeological sites that they believe were used as rattles.
The researchers noted that turtle shell rattles have been found throughout North America, ranging from Florida to the Northeast and into Canada.


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Wings 3D/User Manual/User Interface/The Information Line
The Information Line
The Information Line runs along the bottom of the main Wings window. This is probably the most important thing to keep your eye on, especially if you are new to Wings. The Information Line's main purpose is to display every possible button option available for any operation, tool, or menu item. Many of the tools and menu options have more than one function, and some of the more advanced options are only displayed in the Information Line. To display any menu item's possible options or described function, simply hover over the item with the mouse cursor.
The Information Line uses the letters L, M and R for the Left, Middle and Right mouse buttons. When several options are available for a tool, menu item, or during an operation, those options are displayed in the Information Line preceded by L, M, or R. Sometimes the user will be prompted to depress a Modifier Key in conjunction with the designated mouse button. Modifier Keys are often Control , , or , or sometimes a combination of two or more are used with the mouse buttons. There are other instances when Numeric or other keys are used to present option. In cases where Number Keys are used to change the result of a command, Do Not Use The Number Pad Keys. For Number Key Modifiers in the Information Line, use the Number Keys across the top of your keyboard instead.
IMPORTANT: The Information Line Displays Important Information About Tools, Menu Items and Other Options Available During An Operation. Remember To Always Keep An Eye On The Information Line.
Last modified on 29 July 2009, at 14:47


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It's a "trackway" - fossilized footprints of the last steps of a creature that died 150 million years ago, as reported by the BBC:
The fossil trackway of the animal's last moments - known as a mortichnia, or death march - was discovered in the lithographic limestone of Bavaria in Germany in 2002, where spectacular fossils of the famous feathered dinosaur Archaeopteryx have also been found.New word for the day: "mortichnia." However, after (very brief) research, I've used the word "mortichnium" in the title, because I think "mortichnia" is plural, based on the last paragraph on this page of this book on trace fossils, written in 2007.
"The lagoon that the animal found itself in was anoxic, so at the bottom of these lagoons there was no oxygen and nothing was living," Mr Lomax told the BBC. "This horseshoe crab [Mesolimulus walchi] found itself on the lagoon floor and we can tell by looking at the trace that the animal righted itself, managed to get on to its feet and began to walk," he explained. However, the anoxic conditions of the lagoon floor quickly proved fatal to the arthropod and it soon began to struggle.
"We started to study the specimen closer and saw that the walking patterns and the animal's behaviour started to change. The leg impressions became deeper and more erratic, the telson (the long spiny tail) started being lifted up and down, up and down, showing that the animal was really being affected by the conditions," he said.
"Although such markings are exceptional, I would like to call them mortichnia - perhaps an adequate act upon finishing this book and a happy affair that has lasted sixty-five years."


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Definitions for earliest
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word earliest
(comparative and superlative of 'early') more early than; most early
"a fashion popular in earlier times"; "his earlier work reflects the influence of his teacher"; "Verdi's earliest and most raucous opera"
with the least delay
"the soonest I can arrive is 3 P.M."
British National Corpus
Spoken Corpus Frequency
Rank popularity for the word 'earliest' in Spoken Corpus Frequency: #4802
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Find a translation for the earliest definition in other languages:
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Floyd County Criminal History (Iowa)
Floyd County Courts resolve legal disputes, including criminal misdemeanors and felonies in Floyd County, Iowa. Courts operate at the Federal, Iowa State, or local Floyd County level, and they maintain records for all of their criminal cases, which make up an individual's Floyd County criminal history. These Floyd County public criminal records include homicides, sexual assaults, DUIs, drug charges, property crimes, and more. Criminal records also list trials, convictions, and sentences, as well as any plea bargains or settlements. Floyd County criminal history records include the defendant's name, personal information, the criminal charges brought against the individual, and any criminal case files created by Iowa law enforcement. A criminal history search shows an individual's criminal record, making it an important part of performing a thorough Floyd County background check. Floyd County Courts may provide online access to their criminal history records.
Charles City District Court Charles IA 101 South Main Street 50616 _PHONE_
Floyd County Police Departments provide local law enforcement services, including stopping crimes, arresting suspects, and conducting investigations in Floyd County, Iowa. As part of this job, Police Departments maintain a number of criminal history records, including Floyd County arrest records, warrants, and reports on jail bookings. These records make up an individual's Floyd County criminal record, including the criminal charges made during an arrest and any resulting legal cases from a police arrest. This can include felonies and misdemeanors such as fraud, probation violations, drug possession, manslaughter, and traffic crimes. Police Department records can include investigation materials and criminal case files, and searching criminal history records is an important step in performing a Floyd County background check. Police Departments make many of their criminal history records available online.
Charles City Police Department Charles IA 105 Milwaukee Mall 50616 _PHONE_
Nora Springs Police Department Nora Springs IA 45 North Hawkeye Avenue 50458 _PHONE_
Floyd County Probation Departments oversee court-ordered probations which have been imposed instead of incarceration in Floyd County, Iowa. Probation Departments maintain detailed records on individuals who are on probation, which is part of the individual's criminal history. These Floyd County public records include personal information on the individual and the criminal charges that led to probation. It can also include the terms of the probation, such as any requirements to seek treatment, attend counseling, or pay restitution to victims, as well as any travel restrictions or bans on contacting certain people that may be included in the probation order. Floyd County probation records also list the length of the probation sentence, and they are an important part of a background check. Probation Departments may provide online searches for criminal history records.
Floyd County Probation Department Charles IA 101 South Main Street 50616 _PHONE_
Floyd County Sheriff Departments operates at the county or local level, keeping public order by investigating crimes, arresting suspected criminals, and stopping crimes in progress in Floyd County, Iowa. Sheriff Departments maintain records on all of their actions, including arrest reports, warrants, and jail bookings. These Floyd County criminal records make up an individual's criminal history, and they contain personal information, all criminal charges in a person's record, and any legal cases after an arrest. Criminal history records include felonies and misdemeanors such as Floyd County DUIs, drug charges, homicide, domestic violence, and probation violations. Sheriff Department records also include criminal case files and investigation records, which makes searching criminal history records an important step in conducting a background check in Floyd County. These records may be available online from the Sheriff Department.
Floyd County Sheriff / Floyd County Jail Charles IA 101 South Main Street 50616 _PHONE_
Floyd County Sheriff's Office Charles IA 101 South Main Street 50616 _PHONE_


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Activity Pacing on the "Good Days" and "Bad Days"
Activity pacing is an important skill to have when coping with chronic illness, recovering from an injury, or managing other health problems. As you work to juggle your physical symptoms with your daily activities and responsibilities, it can be hard not to overdo it. Learning how to pace yourself, even on your "good days," can be crucial in limiting the physical and emotional lows of your "bad days," and allow you to take back a sense of control over your life.
Why do I need to pace myself?
When coping with a physical illness, it is common to experience "good days" and "bad days." Sometimes you may wake up feeling energized with minimal pain or discomfort, and on other days, you may wake up feeling sluggish, achy, and all around uncomfortable. It is only natural that on the "good days," you may feel the need to "take advantage" of your energy to complete tasks or engage in activities—and it can be very easy to "overdo it."
Doing too much during a "good day" often leads to a big crash or burnout and can make you more susceptible to longer bouts of "bad days," as your body recovers. At the same time, it is easy to do get in the habit of over-limiting your activities because of your fear of a bad crash. Activity pacing can keep you from burning out and help you find the balance between doing too little (under-activity) and doing too much (over-activity) by teaching you how to effectively listen to your body as you go about your everyday life.
How do I pace myself?
Activity pacing requires you to actively monitor your physical symptoms and mindfully gauge how you are feeling as you plan your activities. It may take some time to understand how much you can or cannot do, without risking feeling worse later. Here are a few tips that may help you to find a balance that works for you:
 - Write down your schedule ahead of time.
 - Make sure to include things you have to do, things you like to do, and time for rest.
 - Plan what you can skip if you are starting to feel too tired.
 - Troubleshoot how you may complete the tasks you have to do, if you begin to feel worn down (e.g. asking for help or finding alternative solutions).
 - Use a daily planner to schedule your activities and track how you are feeling.
By taking the time to pace yourself, you can increase in the odds of having another "good day" rather than knowing there will be a burnout and crash afterwards that could last days/weeks. It can also encourage you to safely stay active and engaged, even when you aren't feeling your best. Activity pacing can be hard to do at first, especially if you feel you have been stuck in an endless cycle of "good" and "bad" days for a long period of time. Health psychologists can help you begin to manage your days so you can regain a sense of control in your life.
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DongGuan cnauto automation equipment Co Ltd
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Complete glass frame dropping glue to meet various needs
writer：点胶设备 time：2019-03-13 14:19 clicks：
Non-uniformity of glue coating is a bad phenomenon in the process of dispensing. It is manifested in the lack of glue or excessive glue on the surface of the product. The problem of poor glue coating needs to be solved and avoided by electronic buzzer dispensing. Controlling the non-uniformity of glue coating at 502 points is related to the disposition of the coating pressure drum and the durability of the replacement ring inside the valve. Check and find out the reasons. Setting about the solution is the guiding direction. This time, we will deeply analyze the causes and solutions of the uneven coating.
Glue Coating Line for Reflector Box
Glue coating effect caused by fittings
Various sizes of paint control valves and paint pressure barrels can be assembled when dispensing with dispensing equipment. Pressure barrels are mainly used to store large volumes of rubber and convey glue through pneumatic drive. They can store and transport medium and high viscosity fluids to provide dispensing. The problem of non-uniform dispensing may be related to the internal conveying pressure. Middle and low viscosity fluids use top dispensing to produce high viscosity glue. Water through the bottom of the gum, the need for high pressure delivery, when the pressure of the paint barrel is insufficient to drive the glue is poor, so the part used for gum coating often appears the problem of lack of gum or less gum sometimes more gum, which directly affects the application effect of commonly used glue products such as 502 gum, and most of the impact on the dispensing of buzzer is therefore uneven, of course, as well as Check and replace the built-in parts of rubber valves such as sealing rings.
The sealing ring in the rubber valve is used to prevent the leakage of glue in the rubber valve. Some glue will leak out during the 502-point glue conveying process. The function of the sealing ring is to prevent the leakage of glue. The unstable glue conveying causes the problems of uneven glue coating and lack of glue. It is often checked that replacing the sealing ring can prevent the leakage of glue and lead to the uneven glue coating of the product.
Single-station automatic dispensing machine
Demand for dispensing buzzer
Because the structure of electronic buzzer is generally small and delicate, it is necessary to control the amount of 502-point glue coating within a certain range and use high-precision filling technology to ensure that the yield of good products reaches the standard. Through the inspection procedures and the performance of fittings to replace the sealing ring and other stability, to ensure that the batch production of buzzer dispensing meets the requirements and prevent the impact of uneven glue coating.
Batch dispensing of electronic buzzer
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New research finds that one species of moth is capable of actively jamming the sonar used by moth-hunting bats. This biological equivalent of the 'electronic countermeasures' used by the military to jam radar and sonar signals is described in the journal Science. In the study, researchers used ultrasonic recording and high-speed infrared video to examine the relationship of bats and a tiger moth known as Bertholdia trigona. They found that sudden bursts of ultrasound emitted by the tiger moth appears to actually jam the bat's sonar, not just startle the bat or warn of a bad-tasting moth. We'll find out more.
Produced by Flora Lichtman, Correspondent and Managing Editor, Video