text:
Alphonse Chapanis, a Founder of Ergonomics, Dies at 85
By STUART LAVIETES
Published: October 15, 2002
Alphonse Chapanis, a founder of ergonomics, a branch of engineering that considers product and workplace design from the physical point of view of the actual user, died on Oct. 4 in Baltimore. He was 85.
Dr. Chapanis, a Johns Hopkins University professor who received a Ph.D. in psychology from Yale University in 1943, began his career in the Army, where he was assigned to investigate a string of mysterious runway crashes of B-17 bombers.
He discovered that the accidents were the result of poor cockpit design: the bomber's instrument panel had identical side-by-side toggles, one to control the flaps and the other to operate the landing gear. Weary pilots sometimes flipped the wrong toggle during landing, retracting the wheels and causing a crash.
Later in the war, he studied the effects of high altitude on psychology and physiology.
Dr. Chapanis joined the faculty of Johns Hopkins in 1946. Three years later, he and two colleagues at the university, Wendell Garner and Clifford Morgan, published the first ergonomics textbook, "Applied Experimental Psychology: Human Factors in Engineering Design."
As a professor of psychology and industrial engineering, and during the years after his retirement from Johns Hopkins in 1982, Dr. Chapanis worked with industry to make new technologies simpler to use and work environments and systems safer and more efficient.
One of his most notable projects was his work as a consultant on the development of the keypad for push-button telephones. He tested six configurations of buttons, one with two vertical rows of five keys, one with two horizontal rows of five keys, and four three-by-three arrangements with the 10th key placed either above, below or to either side of the square. The configuration that was chosen has remained the standard, even with the miniaturization of phones brought on by mobile technology.
Dr. Chapanis was also a consultant on the development of teleconferencing and voice mail, and helped improve oil exploration techniques and commercial shipping operations.
Alphonse Chapanis was born in Meriden, Conn., on March 17, 1917. He is survived by his wife, Vivian, of Towson, Md.; two children, Roger, of Seattle, and Linda Chapanis Fox of Honolulu; four stepchildren; and seven grandchildren.
In his 1999 autobiography, "The Chapanis Chronicles," he reviewed his career and provided a history of his field, which has been known as psychophysical systems research, engineering psychology, human factors, human engineering and, finally, ergonomics. He also revealed his cold war intelligence-gathering on government-sponsored trips to Europe, where he reported on the Soviet space program.
He also shed light on the attitudes of some corporate executives in the years before huge product-liability judgments. He described a meeting in a private showroom with Lynn A. Townsend, the chairman of Chrysler.
"I was looking at a sporty model that had a steering column with a sharply pointed tip extending an inch or two beyond the steering wheel," he wrote. "Townsend asked me what I thought about it. My exact, or very nearly exact, words were: 'Mr. Townsend, do you know what you've designed here? You've designed a spear aimed at the driver's heart.' I also remember distinctly his cynical reply, 'Doc, it'll sell.' "


text:
Delisle, Guillaume (gēyōmˈ dəlēlˈ) [key], 1675–1726, French geographer and cartographer. His most important work is a world map (1700), as accurate as the data available at that time permitted and the first map on which the errors of Ptolemy were wholly absent. Delisle is called the founder of modern cartography. He was geographer to Louis XV.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
More on Guillaume Delisle from Fact Monster:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Geography: Biographies

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Real-Time Ray-Traced Ambient Occlusion of Complex Scenes using Spatial Hashing
Pascal Gautron, NVIDIA
GTC 2020
Ambient occlusion is an effective way to approximate global illumination: in essence, the closer a point is to its surroundings, the darker it gets. For real-time rendering, this effect is often approximated using screen-space techniques, leading to visible artifacts. Ray tracing provides a unique way to increase the rendering fidelity by accurately computing the distance to the surrounding objects, but it introduces sampling noise. Using the NVIDIA RTX technology available with Vulkan, we propose a real-time ray-traced ambient occlusion technique in which noise is removed in world space. Using spatial hashing for efficient storage, we'll cover all the technical challenges to make ambient occlusion a production feature usable in CAD viewports with scenes comprising thousands of instances and hundreds of millions of polygons.
View More GTC 2020 Content


text:
Get the Men's Doublet and Hosen pattern for everything you'll need for the late Middle Ages.
Buy our full size paper pattern for Men's 15th century Doublet and Hosen. Pattern includes Doublet with Plain (A) or Balloon-Top Sleeves (B), and Hosen with straight (C) or Italianate slanted back seams (D). Detailed instructions. Embellishment suggestions. Historical notes.
Hosen: wool twill (gabardine, wool flannel)
DO NOT use wool jersey
Doublet: wool twill or heavy silk
(optional) Lining: 3-5oz linen or light (8mm) silk
(optional) Interlining: heavy linen or buckram
Hosen 2 yds 60" wide
Doublet 3 yds 60" wide
Let us help you! At Reconstructing History, we want to see you wearing the best garments you are capable of making. Call us Monday through Friday from 8am until 6pm Eastern Time (or email us around the clock) and we will answer any questions you might have!
Below is an excerpt from the historical notes you will receive as part of this pattern:
Doublets and Hosen in the 15th century
The history of doublets and hosen must begin with a brief history of hosen since the doublet evolved for the function of holding them up.
In the early Middle Ages and probably for some time before, leg coverings were supported by garters around the knees or cross-gartering along their whole length. This is an easy way to keep knee-high hose from falling down. However when the hose extend much past the knee, the flexion of that joint poses a problem. Every time the knee bends, it loosens the leg covering around it. And the more it loosens, the less it stays up when the leg is straightened. This would cause great difficulty for a working man in particular.
So as hose lengthened, another method of suspending the hose was tried. The most successful method was tying the tops of the hose (usually cut in points due to their being cut on the bias) to a belt tied around the waist. This early "garter belt" held up the hose adequately and was in use for some time.
However in the late 14th century when men's fashions began to show the gluteus maximus, this method of suspension was not enough. Although the hose were still fastened securely, the man's anatomy between the two hose legs, front and rear, could now be seen. The solution was to sew the hose legs together and cover the front opening with a removable flap soon to be known as a "codpiece".
As these joined hosen came to be worn more regularly, it was discovered that two points on the front of the thighs was not sufficient to hold them up. So more points were added all around the waist of the hosen. Soon the belt was not enough to handle the strain and a new invention was needed — the pourpoint (literally "for pointing to"). The first pourpoints were vest-like garments to which the hosen were pointed around the lower edge. But soon, the pourpoint would evolve into a garment all by itself. When lined, it came to be called a "doublet" (for its double thickness of fabric) and along the way, it acquired sleeves and closures of its own.
In the 16th century, the doublet evolved into outerwear and was seen commonly worn by noblemen and commoners alike paired either with hosen or the new breeches. However in the 15th century (and even the early decades of the 16th), the doublet was an undergarment that was not meant to be seen. The best evidence of what doublets looked like in this period are pictures of builders and other manual labourers. And executioner from Dieric Bouts the Elder's "The Execution of the Innocent Count" circa 1460 (shown at left) gives great detail of the doublet as a functional garment. His hosen are obviously held up by it as evidenced by the ties at the tops of his thighs. But the rest of the doublet, though form-fitting, is insubstantial and the shirt shows through at the elbows, front opening and above the hose. Since the figure is carrying the decapitated head of the Count, it could be suspected that he removed his outer layer of clothing so it wouldn't get dirty.
This idea is substantiated by other paintings of executions of saints and the beheading of John the Baptist in particular. The men doing the dirty work are in their doublets and hose. Sometimes their overgowns are even shown on a nearby gatepost.
Another source of views of doublets comes from depictions of construction scenes. Ercole de' Roberti's "Predella of the Griffoni Polyptych: Miracles of St Vincent Ferrer" in 1473 shows quite a few men working in their doublets. The detail, right, show a worker bent in his duties. This and other such workers in the painting give great information on how the doublet moved as a garment when the wearer was working. The separation of the front and sleeves easily accommodated movement and we can see why this garment was seen as underclothing and not outer wear.
Another workman in Fouquet's "Life of Etienne Chevalier" shows the usual attachment of hosen to the doublet. For the hosen to look well-fit, they had to be trussed up tightly when standing upright. But this makes a tendency for the back points to blow out when the wearer bends over. It is common to see men with the back points undone while they are working. Only the side and front points are essential for keeping the hosen on the body. The others only allow a better fit while standing.
Another interesting feature of mid-15th century doublets are the ball shoulders. At first glance, these strangely-shaped decorations do not seem to serve any purpose. On a garment whose primary function is to hold up the hosen, they seem out of place and extraneous.
However, if we look at the fashions worn over them, a purpose emerges. The illustration below from "The Court of Law" shows a gentleman in the garment of a scholar or older man. Younger and more fashionable men wore version of the same gown, but kneeor thigh-length. Two elements mark this gown as representative of the style worn in Burgundy in the mid-15th century — it is heavily pleated and the shoulders stand out as if they are propped up in some way.
And so they are. Another detail illustration from The Court of Law (right) shows a younger man about to get into a brawl. His gown is sleeveless, so we can see the sleeves of his doublet. They have this protruding stuffed ball at the tops. An examination of men's gowns of this period will show that these ball-topped sleeves were necessary to hold up the dense fabric of the sleeves of the Burgundian-style men's gown.
For more, purchase this pattern.
This information © 2006 Kass McGann and Reconstructing History


text:
What is occupational health & safety and what can occupational health & safety software help with?
Occupational Health & Safety is the term used to describe a workplace that is designed, maintained and operated to prevent injury or illness.
One of the main goals of these rules is to ensure that deterioration in employee performance caused by time pressure – rather than an inherent error in the process steps being performed – does not result in injury.
One way to accomplish this is to use work planning or health and safety software such as Secova health and safety software online, which helps organizations and companies manage projects through visual modeling methods. For example, it can help identify project risks based on past experience or undesirable changes in the project's state. It also helps to identify, check, verify dependencies between different activities and plan their sequence for optimal use of time.
Get to know Secova's occupational safety and health software online now.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Country Listing
Ghana Table of Contents
The Armed Forces in the Past
Ghanaian infantry depart Accra for a peacekeeping mission in Liberia
Courtesy Embassy of Ghana, Washington
The armed forces have traditionally played a significant role in Ghanaian society. The most important factors associated with the growth of the military's role in national life include the emergence of Asante militarism, the British conquest of Ghana, and the political activities of the armed forces following independence.
Data as of November 1994


text:
Every company has its own business processes and procedures which enable the company meet its unique quality standards. Process training is a must to new employees who join the organization, irrespective of their level, experience and role in the company. Whoever joins the organization must understand the company's processes and procedures to do their job well.
Process training plays a key role in improving processes and reduces operational costs for the company. For example, if a new employee receives effective process training, his productivity inevitably improves as he understands his role in the process better and knows what standards need to be followed to do his job. This will in turn ensure a smooth workflow between the employee and the organization. Hence it is very important to design effective process trainings for new employees.
Let's see some tips to design an effective process training for new employees:
1. Have a clear understanding of the output: When process training is assigned to new employees, they should have a clear idea of the instructions while taking the training, the benefits of successfully completing the training and the expectations from them once they complete the training. All this helps deliver the process training with a clear outcome and result, thereby eliminating wastage and increasing productivity.
2. Focus on resources and their background: It is important to consider the background of the employee when assigning the process training. Considering the education, experience, and job role can help in assigning customized training to employees which will in turn help them better understand the processes of the company.
3. Use of diagrams: Process training generally includes a series of steps that need to be followed by employees on a regular basis. If the training contains a lot of theory and technical terms, employees may not understand the process well. Using a circular diagram helps in conceptualizing a process in a circular flow. Circular diagrams are illustrative in nature. If we use circular diagrams to explain process, it helps the employee understand and implement the process in a logical way.
4. Use of Flow charts: Process training can't be easy to understand all the time. Processes in a manufacturing industry are more complex compared to other industries. Typical processes take time to be understood and followed. Especially new employees with no experience may take more time to understand the typical processes compared to employees who have experience in the same industry. If we use process flowcharts, it will provide a diagrammatic representation of critical and complex process and enable employees understand quickly.
Using a flow chart ensures a step-by-step solution to a problem and helps employees understand and implement the process faster.
5. Use of Animations: Using animations is required in process training when there is a complex procedure or design component which is difficult to demonstrate to employees. In this type of process training, an e-learning instructor may use videos, animations with motion pictures or a combination of both. Using animations along with audio and video becomes an illustrative tool and ensures that employees understand the process well and follow it within no time.
6. Check the effectiveness: Each organization must evolve its own processes and work hard towards following and implementing the necessary changes whenever needed. Processes can't be rigid in an organization as change is inevitable. In order to provide effective process training, it is equally important to check its effectiveness with the employees and take necessary actions to deliver training.
Hope you find the tips useful. Please do share your views.
Editor's Note: This post was originally published in December 2011 and has appeared in Learning Design Category whereas now it is updated in Training Solutions Category.
Subscribe to Our Blogs
Get CommLab's latest eLearning articles straight to your inbox. Enter your email address below:


text:
Download Full Text (640 KB)
Decision-making problems in water resources are often associated with multiple objectives and multiple stakeholders. To enable more effective and acceptable decision outcome, it is required that more participation is ensured in the decision making process. This is particularly relevant for flood management problems where the number of stakeholders could be very large. Although application of multi-objective decision-making tools in water resources is very wide, application with the consideration of multiple stakeholders is much more limited. The solution methodologies adapted for multi-objective multi-participant decision problems are generally based on aggregation of decisions obtained for individual decision makers. This approach seems somewhat inadequate when the number of stakeholders is very large, as often is the case in flood management.
The present study has been performed to have an overview of existing solution methodologies for multi-objective decision making approaches in water resources. Decision making by single and multiple stakeholders has been considered under both deterministic and uncertain conditions. It has been found that the use of fuzzy set theory to represent various uncertainties associated with decision making situations under multi-objective multiple-participant environment is very promising. Coupled with multi-objective methods (e. g. compromise programming and goal programming), fuzzy approach has also the ability to support group decisions, to reflect collective opinions and conflicting judgments.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Western Ontario
London, Ontario, Canada
Overview, Multiple objectives, Multiple stakeholders, Decision-making, Flood management
Civil and Environmental Engineering
Akter, Taslima and Simonovic, Slobodan P., "A General Overview of Multi-objective Multiple-participant Decision Making for Flood Management" (2002). Water Resources Research Report. Book 4.


Amelia Nagoski
 - Burnout
 - 'This book is a gift! I've been practicing their strategies, and it's a total game-changer.' Brené Brown, PhD, author of the #1 New York Times bestseller DARE TO LEAD
 This groundbreaking book explains why women experience burnout differently than men - and provides a simple, science-based plan to help women minimize stress, manage emotions and live a more joyful life.
 The gap between what it's really like to be a woman and what people expect women to be is a primary cause of burnout, because we exhaust ourselves trying to close the space between the two. How can you 'love your body' when everything around you tells you you're inadequate? How do you 'lean in' at work when you're already giving 110% and aren't recognized for it? How can you live happily and healthily in a world that is constantly telling you you're too fat, too needy, too noisy and too selfish? Sisters Emily Nagoski, Ph.D., the bestselling author of Come as You Are, and Amelia Nagoski, DMA, are here to help end the cycle of overwhelm and exhaustion, and confront the obstacles that stand between women and well-being. With insights from the latest science, prescriptive advice, and helpful worksheets and exercises, Burnout reveals:
 * what you can do to complete the biological stress cycle - and return your body to a state of relaxation.
 * how to manage the'monitor' in your brain that regulates the emotion of frustration.
 * how the Bikini Industrial Complex makes it difficult for women to love their bodies - and how to fight back.
 Eye-opening, compassionate and optimistic, Burnout will completely transform the way we think about and manage stress, empowering women to thrive under pressure and enjoy meaningful yet balanced lives. All women will find something transformative in these pages - and be empowered to create positive and lasting change.
Amelia Nagoski is a conductor with a DMA in conducting from the University of Connecticut. An assistant professor and coordinator of music at Western New England university, she regularly presents educational sessions discussing application of communications science and psychological research for audiences of other professional musicians, including 'Beyond Burnout Prevention: Embodied Wellness for Conductors'.
For more on our cookies and changing your settings click here
Strictly Necessary
Preferences & Features
Targeting / Advertising


text:
Knowledge-based system for group technology
International Journal of Production Research
DOI of Published Version
In this paper, a knowledge-based system (KBGT) for solving the group technology problem is presented. The formulation of the group technology problem involves constraints related to machine capacity, material handling system capability, and machine cell dimensions. The KBGT has been developed for an automated manufacturing environment. It takes advantage of the developments in expert systems and optimization. Two basic components of the knowledge-based system, namely the knowledge-based subsystem and the heuristic clustering algorithm are discussed. Each partial solution generated by the clustering algorithm is evaluated for feasibility by the knowledge-based subsystem which modifies search directions of the algorithm. The KBGT is illustrated with a numerical example.
This document is currently not available here.


Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Physics Division
Physics Division Seminars
Alfredo Galindo-Uribarri
Thu., January 11, 2007, at 3:00 p.m. (refreshments at 2:30 p.m.)
Halo Nuclei in Laser Light: The nuclear charge radius of 11Li
Wilfried Noertershaeuser, GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
Building 6008 Conference Room
Laser spectroscopic measurements of the isotope shift in an atomic transition are well known to provide accurate data on nuclear charge radii. For short-lived isotopes it is particularly useful, since it is the only method that provides nuclear-model independent charge radii. However, for the very light elements the contributions of the nuclear volume effect to the total isotope shifts is on the order of 1E-4 to 1E-5. By combining accurate theoretical calculations of the mass-dependent part of the isotope shift and precision measurements we succeeded in measuring the nuclear charge radii of all lithium isotopes, including the exotic halo nucleus 11Li. I will report on these measurements and conclusions about the nuclear structure of 11Li.


Noble Houses
Of the many noble houses throughout the Known Worlds, five have achieved prominence and effectively rule most of Human Space — under their new Emperor, of course. The Emperor Wars took a toll on many of these houses: the losers now struggle to regain lost lands or power, while the victors fight to ensure that their rivals stay down.
The life of a noble is not the leisurely idyll one might expect: there are fiefs to manage, rivals to crush and wars to wage. While there is much power to be gained, there is always the risk of humiliation or loss of holdings and position. It is no wonder that they know how to party: their gala affairs are lavish and awe-inspiring — but also rife with intrigue, innuendo, back-stabbing and even sword dueling. To escape such pressures, noble sons and daughters often take to the stars with only a small entourage of friends and retainers, to better know the worlds they wish to one day rule.
The five major houses (called the Royal Houses) are:
Istakrian Nights
Noble Houses
Five Thousand and One Nights elaewin


text:
Return to Vignettes of Ancient Mathematics
Definition of faster (Physics Z 2.232a23-7)
Since every magnitude is divisible into magnitudes (for it was proved that it is impossible for a continuous magnitude to be from indivisible ones, but every magnitude is continuoous), then it is necessary that (a) the faster traverse a greater distance in the equal time and (b) an equal distance in the lesser time and (c) more distance in the lesser time, just as some define the faster.
Argument for a (Physics Z 2.232a27-31):
(figure 1: moving) or (figure 2: still)
For let A be faster than B. Then
since that which changes first is faster, in the time in which A has changed
from to, e.g. ZH, B will not yet be at, but it will fall short, so that
in the equal time the faster will traverse more in an equal time.
Argument for c (Physics Z 2.232a31-b5):
1) In fact, it will also move more in less time. For in the
time in which A has come to be at, let
B be at E, since it is the slower. (figure
2) Accordingly since A has come to be at in
the whole time ZH, it will be at in
a smaller time than this. (figure
3) And let it be in time ZK. And so, which A has traversed is
larger than E, and time ZK
is smaller than the whole time ZH, so that it will traverse a
larger amount in a smaller time.
Argument 1 for b (Physics Z 2.232b5-14):
1) It is also obvious from these that the faster traverses
an equal amount in a smaller time. For since it traverses a greater
in less time than the slower, while taken by itself it will traverse
more than the lesser amount in more time, e.g. M larger
than, the
time P in which it traverses
M would be more than, the
time in which it traverses. (figure
2) Thus if the time P is
smaller than X, the time in which the slower traverses, and will be smaller than X,
since it is smaller than P, as
that which is smaller than a smaller is itself smaller. Thus it
will move the equal amount in less time.
Argument 2 for b (Physics Z 2.232b14-29):
Furthermore, if everything must move in equal or less or in more time, then that which moves in more is slower, that in equal equally fast, while the faster is neither equally fast nor slower, the faster neither move in equal nor in more time. And so, it remains that it moves in less time, so that it is also necessary that the faster traverse an equal magnitude in less time.


text:
The Coral Triangle Atlas (CT Atlas) is an online GIS database, providing governments, NGOs and researchers with a view of spatial data at the regional scale of Coral Triangle region. Data on fisheries, biodiversity, natural resources, and socioeconomics have been collected for decades by scientists and managers working in different parts of the Coral Triangle region.The CT Atlas can be a tool to improve the efficiency of management and conservation planning in the region by giving researchers and managers access to spatial information while encouraging them to share their data to complete the gaps, therefore reducing duplicate data collection efforts and providing the most complete and most current data available and particularly useful in the design and planning of MPAs and MPA Networks throughout the region. The updated and new launched CT Atlas has improved features include
- Easier Home Page navigation.
- A new Forum page dedicate to help GIS practitioners and managers to come together and answer questions or exchange ideas on spatial planning in the Coral Triangle.
- A new CT Database interface which easier for users to find layers they would like to download or visualize on the online GIS interface.
- New features in the Online GIS Interface. The GIS interface has been re-organized with new categories to match the CT Database and new layers have been added. New features such as creation of polygons have been added according to user's demand.
To get more detail on the CT Atlas website please click to this link


Don't Wipe That Sweat Off Your Brow and You'll Cool Down Faster
As the temperatures get higher, a lot of us are starting to sweat more often. But, unless you're drenched, you're better off not wiping it off your head, since it can cool you off faster.
Brian Palmer over at Slate explains the science:
Don't wipe unless you're drenched. Sweat releases heat by evaporative cooling. As each gram of sweat transitions from liquid to gas phase, it absorbs 2,427 joules of energy from the body and dissipates the heat into the environment. But if you wipe away the perspiration before it evaporates, that process will get cut short, and you'll need to sweat more just to achieve the same degree of cooling. On the other hand, any sweat that drips to the ground before it can evaporate won't do you any good, so if you're really soaked you may as well reach for the towel.
So the next time you go to mop your brow, think twice—if you're really serious about cooling off, you may want to leave those sweat beads to evaporate on their own. Of course, you can always speed up the process by knowing your body's quick cooling spots, too.
Let Them See You Sweat | Slate
Photo by Carine06.


text:
This paper examines through Marianne Hirsch's theory of postmemory and trauma two performance texts by Aboriginal Australian playwright and theatre director Wesley Enoch. This critical theoretical approach argues that in the absence of reliable historical records, the autobiographical structure of Black Medea (2007) and The 7 Stages of Grieving (1996) positions them as individual as well as collective postmemory and trauma accounts. The paper further argues that the use of silence, gestures, storytelling, and theatre serve as vital tools for documenting the generational continuum of the traumatic Aborigine experiences and the struggle in dealing with the inherited burden of intergenerational trauma.
Khalil, Rania M Rafik (2022). Aboriginal Australian Autobiographies of Postmemory and Trauma in Wesley Enoch's Black Medea and The 7 Stages of Grieving. Hermes Journal, Vol. 11, Issue 2, Cairo University. (in print)


Paso Robles, Santa Maria libraries keep their communities connected to academic, online, and local resources during the pandemic
By and
Two libraries in two distinct areas on the Central Coast have stepped up to carry on being a direct resource for all ages during a time when most facilities have had to limit or halt their services during this pandemic.
The doors of the Paso Robles City Library were temporarily closed for several months, but it never stopped providing services to the community, especially online access to digital material and ensuring students had library cards, according to librarian Angelica Fortin.
LIBRARY CONNECTIONS The Paso Robles and Santa Maria City Libraries have only heightened their resourceful natures by adapting to the pandemic and offering virtual services to their respected communities. - PHOTO COURTESY OF BRUCE COOK
 - Photo Courtesy Of Bruce Cook
Since March, the library has had more than 30,000 visitors; 135,0000 items have circulated, and of that total 43,000 were via virtual use; and (when the library was opened) its two public computers were used 10,400 times for 20 minutes at a time. It's been able to provide 370 virtual programs with a total of more than 6,700 attendees. The city library has also given away more than 3,000 grab-and-go craft kits for children and adults.
One of the immediate actions the library took during the first stay-at-home order in March was to offer reference services via telephone. Patrons could access e-books, e-magazines, and homework resources virtually by using their library cards.
"We worked really hard to try and get library cards to all of the [ninth, 10th, and 11th] graders at the Paso Robles Unified School District," Fortin said.
The partnership was made possible by Melissa Bailey, the Paso City children's librarian; school district librarian Stephanie Lowe; and educational technology TOSA Ronalee Andersen, who collaborated on a memorandum of understanding to safely and efficiently provide the students with a card, said Jennifer Gaviola, deputy superintendent of Paso Unified.
Even before the pandemic, this partnership had been in the works. The team, she said, determined how the district could securely provide the city library with student district ID numbers, which would then be students' city library number.
Bailey and the city library staff printed library cards for all students who did not already have one. They placed the students' new library cards as well as flyers detailing how to access digital resources in envelopes with the students' names.
Gaviola said the plan was to distribute the cards during the students' tutorial class, but due to the pandemic it didn't happen.
"In August when students came to pick up textbooks and Chromebooks, Paso Robles High School library staff handed out envelopes to students and explained that they now had access to books, audiobooks, and even movies through the public library," she said. "The city library made the processes extremely easy for the school district, and we are thrilled that so many more students now have access to more resources to support their education and recreational reading."
The program made more than 1,800 library cards available to students.
Another successful program the library facilitated was access to internet hotspots.
"There are people in our community that still don't have access to the internet at home, and it's for a variety of reasons. At the end of April we extended our Wi-Fi network not only here at the library, but at our study center over on [36th and Oak Streets] on the north end of town," Fortin said.
Since March the city library had a total 4,475 connections to its Wi-Fi network, an average of about 500 connections a month.
Library volunteer Tammy Bourne, who's lent her time to the facility for six years, pulls book holds for the curbside and pickup service. She said it's been amazing to see the library staff work so hard to evolve and respond to new safety requirements in an effort to serve the Paso Robles community without missing a step.
"The saddest thing about this new environment is not seeing people really enjoy the library. But I know the public is using the library because I get the list of books that people have put on hold and they want us to pull for them. So I can tell you right there, the public is definitely still using the library for books," Bourne said.
In Northern Santa Barbary County, the city of Santa Maria Main Library's aisles were also barren of visitors, and its physical closure threatened its funding.
When cuts to the library were initially proposed, the community quickly sprung into action to oppose such a measure, and City Council members found a way to move some money around and make it work.
"COVID-19 had really highlighted the inequities that exist, especially with education," City Councilmember Gloria Soto told New Times. "Library services, whether that be on a virtual platform or through their bookmobile or curbside pickup, being able to keep our community members and our young people engaged, have never been more important."
Prior to the pandemic, "our public here in Santa Maria did enjoy using our physical space for a variety of reasons," said Santa Maria Librarian Dawn Jackson. "However, under our current restrictions... people have come to realize that libraries can adapt, and can do so much more than what patrons, or perhaps even librarians, thought that we could do."
For the Santa Maria Main Library, this looked like shifting programming to "a combination of virtual and take-home format."
The library also brings books, Wi-Fi, and laptops for checkout directly to residents through its bookmobile, which was unveiled earlier this year.
"That is going to eight locations around the city with regular stops," Jackson said. "They have a grab-and-go service, and they've been able to reach patrons that haven't been able, even prior to the pandemic, to visit the library."
Ana Libbon, administrator of programs and services for Boys & Girls Clubs of Mid Central Coast, told New Times that the library's bookmobile has made a big difference for the kids they serve.
"Every Wednesday from 3:30 to about 5:30, they park in our parking lot and kids are allowed to go through their bookmobile and check out books," Libbon said of the organization's Santa Maria location. "They help them all obtain library cards and answer their questions.... They've been absolutely amazing."
The success is evident in the numbers: Jackson said the library has had 1,278 views of its programs on YouTube since March, and circulation went up 20 percent over the past two months with its grab-and-go services.
The perception of libraries is changing, Paso Robles' librarian Fortin said, noting that in the past people viewed the library as "shushing environments."
"We do have a lot of rules, I get that, but a lot of that is just organization and making sure that we have the resources people need; that they come back to that somebody else can use them," she said. "It really comes from wanting to provide access." Δ
Staff Writers Karen Garcia and Malea Martin can be reached at and, respectively.
Add a comment


text:
A transformation in which
a figure grows smaller.
Compressions may be with respect to a point (compression
of a geometric figure) or with respect to the axis of
a graph (compression
of a graph).
Note: Some high
school textbooks erroneously use the word dilation to
refer to all transformations in which the figure changes size,
whether the figure becomes larger or smaller. Compression (or contraction)
refers to transformations in which the figure becomes smaller.
Dilation properly refers only to transformations in which the figure
Unfortunately the English language has no word that refers collectively
of a geometric figure, dilation
of a graph


Question: How Hot Is The Lithosphere?
How hot is the Earth 1 mile down?
Geologists calculate that, for every mile you dig beneath the Earth's surface, the temperature rises 15º F and the pressure increases simultaneously at a rate of about 7,300 pounds per square inch.
Violations of the 15-degrees-per-mile rule are unknown and constitute the notorious forbidden zone..
Why is the earths crust hot?
Which part of the lithosphere is the thinnest?
How hot is the crust?
The upper crust withstands the ambient temperature of the atmosphere or ocean—hot in arid deserts and freezing in ocean trenches. Near the Moho, the temperature of the crust ranges from 200° Celsius (392° Fahrenheit) to 400° Celsius (752° Fahrenheit).
What is not part of Earth's lithosphere?
Earth's lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost mantle, which constitute the hard and rigid outer layer of the Earth. Sea water is not part of it.
What is the thinnest layer of the earth?
crust*Inner core * The Earth's crust is the outermost surface. *It is a very thin layer of solid rock. It is the thinnest layer of the Earth. *The crust is 5-35km thick beneath the land and 1-8km thick beneath the oceans.
Can we drill to the mantle?
Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Scientific drilling into the Earth is a way for scientists to probe the Earth's sediments, crust, and upper mantle.
What state of matter is the lithosphere?
What is the hottest layer?
thermosphereBecause there are relatively few molecules and atoms in the thermosphere, even absorbing small amounts of solar energy can significantly increase the air temperature, making the thermosphere the hottest layer in the atmosphere. Above 124 mi (200 km), the temperature becomes independent of altitude.
What color is the lithosphere?
Why is lithosphere broken down into plates?
Plate Tectonics The lithosphere is divided into huge slabs called tectonic plates. The heat from the mantle makes the rocks at the bottom of lithosphere slightly soft. This causes the plates to move.
How hot is the lower mantle?
The temperature of the lower mantle ranges from 1960 K at the topmost layer to 2630 K at a depth of 2700 km.
Is the mantle hotter than the lithosphere?
New data suggests that the upper parts of Earth's mantle are around 60°C (108°F) hotter than previously expected. … And the planet's tectonic plates also wouldn't shift around like they do – something that requires the rocky layer to be molten at times.
What are the 3 components of lithosphere?
What are the 7 layers of earth?
They are, from deepest to shallowest, the inner core, the outer core, the mantle and the crust. Except for the crust, no one has ever explored these layers in person.
How thick is the lower mantle?
Structure of the EarthThickness (km)Density (g/cm3)Crust30Upper mantle7203.4Lower mantle2,1714.4Outer core2,2599.98 more rows
Is the lithosphere hot or cold?
The temperature at the earth's surface is near 0º C (freezing temperature of water). The temperature increases rapidly to about 1500º C at 100 km depth. From a depth of 100 km to about 2800 km, the temperature increases slowly by only 30º C per 100 km to a temperature of about 2500º C.
Is the lithosphere hot?
Temperature of the Lithosphere. The lithosphere does not have a specific temperature.


text:
Hello everyone, our most recent coloringimage that your kids canwork with is Animal Alphabet Letter K Coloring Page, posted in Letter Kcategory. This below coloring image height & width is around 600 pixel x 800 pixel with approximate file size for around 53.48 Kilobytes.
For even more image relevant to the image given above your kids can check the following Related Images section at the end of the post or searching by category. You might find lots of other entertaining coloring picture to pick up. Have fun!


text:
Early Settlement on the Upper North Fork River
Wed, 10/14/2020 - 2:22pm admin
I've written previously about the Topaz community near the western side of Howell County in Douglas County. Northern Howell County has many ties to the place. Several families still living here trace their origin to the Norfork River, its headwaters, and the people who initially settled here. Among my sources for this article, I will refer to one written by Leonard Rowe in March 1959, and published in the Willow Springs News. Rowe, a former Missouri State Conservation Agent and respected naturalist was eighty-five years old at the time. He sourced most of his article on an interview with J.H. Wood, then eighty-six years old, and his wife "Tena," who was eighty-two. J.H. Wood was the grandson of Henry William Wood, the son of William Henry Wood, pioneers, and some of the first settlers at Topaz and the White River's upper North Fork.
Based on his discussions with J.H. Wood, Rowe wrote, "The Wood family, of English descent, first migrated from North Carolina in 1839, settling on the Meramec River in what is now St. Louis County. In the spring of 1840, Grandpa Henry Wood and a friend, Posey Freeman, explored these North Fork hills in search of land which they could homestead. The remaining Shawnee Indians were friendly and never gave them any trouble. In later years Grandpa Henry Wood named Indian Creek, of the above watershed, in honor of these Shawnee Indians who guarded this stream as their hunting grounds. The pioneers found game plentiful including bear, elk, wild turkey, deer, and fish."
In a family history written in 1924, North Fork River farmer Moses Johnson reminisced about those earliest days of white settlement on the river with much of the same information, with a few slight variations. Johnson remembered that Henry William Wood, Aaron (Posey) Freeman, and William Clinton first explored the river and lands in 1839. He wrote, "They struck Indian Creek at the head and followed it to the mouth (of the North Fork River) and gave it its name on account of the Indian huts they found along the creek. The next spring, they came to the happy hunting ground. Aaron Freeman located at a large spring on North Fork (Topaz) and put up a grist-mill and a distillery. William Clinton located at a spring on the west side of North Fork near the mouth of Indian Creek. Henry William Wood located at the third crossing below and on the west side of the same creek. Shortly after they came, there was a child born in the family of H.W. Wood and was given the same name as his father (with a reversal of the first names - the child was named William Henry Wood.) He was the first white child ever born on the North Fork." J.H. Wood pretty much confirmed this and dated the events in the Rowe article, stating:
"On returning to the Meramec colony, Grandpa Wood and (Aaron) Posey Freeman loaded their families in ox carts and headed for the North Fork hills. It took twenty-five days to make their way back over ridges, hollows, and rivers to the settlement where they pitch their first came on March 10, 1840. William Wood, the father of J.H., was born that same fall. He lived to eighty-six and was the first white child born in this area."
Leonard Rowe also wrote, "Let us pause and evaluate the present-day progress and opportunities which started with the efforts and hardships of the early pioneers. The greatest effort of the early settlers was to merely survive at all in a wilderness where there were no homes, no roads, no schools, no churches, no stores, no doctors, no neighbors, no ready-made anything, except as created from the wild with their own hands. Their homes were made of logs, chinked, and plastered with mud. The roofs were made of split oak shingles. In the absence of nails, each tier of shingles was held down with oak poles, tied securely at the ends with twisted sprouts pinned into the holes of the log frame. To cover their dirt floors, they placed the smooth side of split logs closely laid."
"Their firearms were flintlock rifles, often causing a miss by slow fire, no matter how accurate the aim at the time of the trigger pull. Grandpa Wood once told of crippling a bear because of his rifle's slow fire, which he later killed by tracing the blood trail into a cave. He and his hunting partner, Posey Freeman, quietly entered the cave with blazing pine knots. They shot the bear as it watched the moving shadows across the roof of the cave."
"A deep stone trench, dug by hand over a hundred years ago (1959) and requiring many weeks of labor, is still visible on J.H.'s farm. An old gentleman who was then known as Bushy Woods dug the trench. He was nicknamed 'Bushy' because of the nature of his unshaven beard, which grew straight out from his face creating a huge and fierce appearance. The purpose of the trench was to receive water from North Fork to operate a much-needed grist mill. The project was never completed because of the Civil War and intrusion of Bushwhackers, who ravished the countryside during those years."
Referring back to the Moses Johnson notes describing this period, Johnson wrote, "The Delaware Indians were located on North Fork and Indian Creek. The Shawnee located about thirty-five miles northeast of a creek called Jack's Fork. It seemed they visited each other very often; they had a trail that was worn out very plain, and in some places, it was about knee-deep. They got into trouble and had a war with each other, and weakened their tribes very badly. They both changed their place of living. Some of them came back on hunting tours after the whites had settled and would talk of the game they had killed. Their trail went across the foot of King Mountain (north Howell County.)
I find the co-mingling of the Shawnee and Delaware tribes in this part of the Ozarks responsible for early settlers' recollections in which the location of these tribes was often swapped back and forth. By this time, the tribes were living in log cabins and had an existence similar to the whites they were living around. The Shawnee and Delaware were friendly with each other, intermarried, and often lived in mixed settlements. They had been allied in their fight with whites in the late 1700s in which they had been defeated and had been removed across the Mississippi River to settle on our Ozark streams. By the late 1830s and early 1840, they were under orders to withdraw from here to reservations in Kansas and later Oklahoma but were apparently hiding out in one of the last areas here remote enough to offer concealment.
Some of the settlers who had intermarried with Indians also found this part of the Ozarks a safe haven. Moses Johnson wrote that Alabeth Freeman, wife of Aaron Freeman, mentioned earlier tried to "obtain her gift as a Mississippi Choctaw, in December 1830 or 1831. One witness said that Alabeth was gone for four or five days when she went to get her land from the Indian agent." One source stated the Freeman's financed their purchase of the land and spring at Topaz with proceeds from that Choctaw land sale.
Leonard Rowe, writing in the Wood article, before the advent of government protection of some of our rivers, opined, "The pioneer history of the North Fork River is typical of any watershed located in this region. Each watershed has received about the same treatment since the white man became established. This statement would include the Current River and Eleven Point on the east, Piney and Gasconade on the north, the Niangua, James, and White Rivers on the west. These streams flow through rough and rugged country, and sixty-five percent of the terrain drainage is covered with forests. Approximately two-thirds of these forests are now under fire protection by agreement with the Missouri Conservation Commission or incorporation within the National Forests. Living today, during the push-button age, we may wonder why early settlers were so thoughtless of natural resources. It is necessary to know past history in order to conceive the future potential of this vast territory. in the early days of this region during the settler's efforts to survive, no consideration was made for the future."
"Hence the forests were assaulted, the bluestem soon destroyed, the soil fertility was greatly lowered, the streams and rivers made shallow by gravel from burned forest land and newly cleared hillsides. A ravished land resulted from annual burning, over logging, overcropping, and leaving the hills exposed to erosion. On the ridge tops one hundred years ago, before man started such devastating practices, one could see for great distances through sparsely spaced oak and pine. The brush thicket of today is nature's way of holding the soil. To burn oak and pine forests destroys the young pine and increases the density of oak. The roots of the young oak resprout, while the native shortleaf pine must again start from seed. The northern range of native shortleaf pine roughly parallels the Gasconade watershed or Highway 66 across the state." I suppose that would equate to today's Interstate 44.
Henry William Wood died in September 1898. He was one hundred and three years old. He and his wife rest in hollowed pine tree coffins, covered with pine slabs, secured with pine dowel pins in the Mount Ararat Cemetery in eastern Douglas County. Their son James was the first person buried in the Mount Ararat Cemetery at


The Brookwind Clan
"Our songs shall echo throughout time"
The Brookwinds are a semi-nomadic clan of elves living in the southeast of Ashan. They rarely interact with other species, though many tales of enchanting music wafting from the forest depths may be traced back to this reclusive band of elves.
The Brookwind creed is one of stewardship. They care for their forests and worship the sanctity of nature in song. As such, the clan values the Bardic tradition among all others, though from time to time they may have a Ranger or Druid in their midst. The clan is heavily structured on tradition and a hierarchical class system. Elves earn their place of respect by demonstrating musical and lexical prowess, and by their fierce devotion to protecting the natural order. Sorcery and witchcraft are abhorred as unnatural and evil, and the Brookwinds are quick to excise any who they feel impair the purity of their band.
These elves can be fey and fierce in turn, but are unparallelled allies in a time of crisis. They have never failed to aid with song and sword when they have been called upon for help.


Lets make Lightmass EPIC (and understandable)
I am overwhelmed by the response from Lightmass developer himself - _USER_. I want to ask like million things right now, but certainly that's not possible. So I quickly created this Unreal project to ask for the solution to some of the basic/fundamental problem I (we all) are encountering during self learning of Lightmass.
In Vray or Corona we can visualize/see the actual samples taken into consideration for final calculation, which in turn gives us a chance to increase samples, size or filtering to remove blotches and noise from the GI. Also it is well documented how Light cache and Irradiance Map is working in Vray and we get individual settings for subdivisions and sample number/size (We have precise control over what is going on under the hood).
Unreal Engine's lightmass is amazing when it comes to ease of use and speed, but critically lacks when it comes to provide precise control over GI calculations and that too with vague explanations without any proper example.
It would be amazing if we bring some the Values/settings in UI of Engine dealing with - Photons (Direct, Indirect and Irradiance). We need documentation about how the Photon mapping is working inside the Lightmass, covering all the relevant values which are necessary to produce clean GI with clear-cut contact shadows. There are too many values to understand from SceneExport.h and that too without backing of proper visual examples(It's kind of impossible to understand these values without visual examples in engine)
Why we Architecture Visualization artist going for.1 or.2 values in Static Lighting Level scale? - To grasp all the intricate details in every corner of the space without loosing any contact shadows (Wide open diffused white walls are always difficult to deal). All Unreal Engine Architecture work is in direct competition with Vray and Corona, giving ultimate control for GI will certainly level the ground for all.
I believe all the settings are there to produce stunning results from Lightmass (Many artists have already proved it). But unfortunately that involves tweaking in BaseLightmass.ini, which make things somewhat hazy and unpredictable (Don't know what values are doing exactly).
Here are the Visual Example of the problems faced by almost everybody during lightmass calculation. I tried few different combinations of lighting. Whole scene is being uploaded for sharing, will give the link ASAP.
Level one is only lit by Skylight with HDRI
These are the Lightmass settings -
All walls with Floor and Roof have 1024 Resolution. As you can see the quality is unacceptable, lots of blotches in dark areas. Areas coming in direct contact with skylight are well lit without bugs, all the problem is in dark areas where direct skylight is not hitting.
In second level I have put the stationary spot lights in corner to remove the splotches (hoping for the best). Lightmass world settings are same as above.
Using Spotlights with.1 value in Static Lighting Level scale almost always gives this infamous Light Leaks without improving the secne as much, rendering scene unusable. With 3 folds increase in rendering time.
Long build times are not so much of a problem if in the end we know what we are going to get (Predictable results).
Whole scene images -
_USER_ -
Kindly Let us know -
 1. How to remove the splotches in the area where there is no skylight hitting directly (Areas far from windows). As you can see in the above images there are so many splotches in gallery, despite having Indirect Lighting quality to = 10 and static Lighting Level scale =.1
 2. Shadows become somewhat messy after a certain distance. How to make area shadows more clear and smooth.
 3. Whenever we put spotlights to remove dark areas, it almost always gives the annoying problem of light leaks. Clearly evident in the above images.
 4. What are Direct Photons, Indirect Photons and Irradiance Photons in relation with Lightmass and there respective uses in GI solver.
Unreal Engine Architectural Visualization Community
all the right questions. I hope we'll receive answers and bring this whole UE4 archviz to the next level.
How did you lit the scene only with skylight? I am trying to use HDRI_Epic_Courtyard to light my scene with (instead of directional light) and it doesn't work.
I'm wondering if settings the Indirect Lighting Bounces to the max (100) instead of 50 will have any effect on the splotches on the walls.
I always use a value of 100 which works well if you're just lighting one single room, but I guess I never tried it in a scene where the light has to bounce around multiple corners and hallways.
As for the light leaks; I think you will be able to get rid of those when you intersect your walls with the floor and ceiling.
It's my understanding that skylight photons only bounce 2 times, which is why they're almost never sufficient to light an interior by themselves. In my own stuff, I've augmented the skylight with additional exterior (point) lights with low direct intensities and high indirect intensities that fill in the gaps where the skylight stops bouncing. This leads to very long build times, and I still have some of the splotchy light leaks like in this picture:
EDIT: I've also started having a problem (on multiple computers, in different levels) where building the lighting hangs on 0%. Canceling it and starting it again without changing anything often works, but it seems totally random. Restarting UE4 and my computer has no more effect than simply canceling and re-trying.
You shouldn't change the lighting scale. Some of the settings you want are in the Lightmass.ini file, that allows you to adjust photons and stuff like that–that's what Koola was adjusting for his stuff, though he said it wasn't really necessary.
What can help, is increasing the lighting quality while decreasing the smoothing. It increases build times though.
Great specific breakdown Raghu, that helps me identify issues tremendously. There are clearly some bugs causing splotchiness under those quality settings. Hook me up with the download for the scene, it will take some detailed investigation.
In the meantime, here's an overview of the methods used along with their pitfalls. I tried to inline the relevant BaseLightmass.ini settings. First, there are two completely separate paths for punctual lights (directional, spot, point) than for sky lights.
Lightmass is heavily optimized around solving indirect lighting from punctual lights with high quality. In particular, the case where you have bright sunlight coming in a small window and hitting the wall/floor, lighting up the whole room, is what I would consider the primary use case. Lighting with sky lights / HDRI is a much more recent implementation and honestly it's not very high quality.
Punctual light method:
The short summary is that Final gathering is used to solve the first lighting bounce, and photons are used for bounces after that along with guiding the final gather.
 1. Many photons are emitted from the light and deposited on the scene as directly visible (direct photons). We bounce these once and record any direct photon paths that resulted in a bounced photon being deposited. This identifies small (but critical) light entrances like windows. DirectPhotonDensity controls how many photons are emitted in this stage, and IndirectPhotonPathDensity controls how many paths are recorded (how accurately we find small windows).
 2. Many more photons are emitted from the light, along the direct photon paths. These are bounced for as many times as you requested NumIndirectLightingBounces. Each bounce has a much smaller number of photons successfully bouncing so more bounces after 2 has only a small impact on build times. IndirectPhotonDensity + IndirectIrradiancePhotonDensity control how many photons are emitted to represent multi-bounce lighting.
Now that the photons are ready for the entire scene we can start operating on each lightmap texel.
 1. Direct shadowing is computed for static and stationary lights. For static lights which use area shadows, NumShadowRays and NumPenumbraShadowRays control the quality of the penumbra, more samples are needed to support very large, smooth penumbras.
 2. We check to see if this texel is covered by other irradiance computations (steps 5-7). If there is, we reuse these nearby irradiance samples through interpolation. If not, we continue to steps 5-7. This is called Irradiance caching. Too much interpolation causes indirect shadows to be lost. The amount of reuse is controlled by RecordRadiusScale, PointBehindRecordMaxAngle, InterpolationMaxAngle. During the interpolation, we can gather even more nearby irradiance samples to further smooth the lighting.
 3. Nearby indirect photons are gathered around the lightmap texel. These tell us where most of the bright lighting is coming from, eg the small bright spot that lights up the entire room.
 4. We begin the final gather. Rays are traced out in all directions for the hemisphere of the texel. At the end of the ray we either hit some geometry, where we gather the lighting from photons at that point, or we miss geometry and hit the sky, where we evaluate the sky lighting. NumHemisphereSamples controls how many rays there are in this first refinement step.
 5. We do multiple iterations of refining the final gather. Each sector of the hemisphere is subdivided and we trace more rays to discover incoming lighting. We subdivide deeply around incoming indirect photons to make sure we resolve the small bright spot on the ground lighting the whole


text:
The actor playing the role of Ashikaga
Yorikane (足利頼兼) is easily identifiable because his robe is often decorated either
with sparrows or bamboo and sparrows combined. The pairing of these two elements
is used on the crest (mon - 紋 or もん) of the Date clan. However, this motif does not
always guarantee the absolute identification of this figure because we have
seen a Kuniyoshi with a beautiful woman standing on a beach and wearing
clothing with the same design. Perhaps this is an obtuse allusion to Yorikane, but at this point proving it is beyond our scholarship.
Students of art history are familiar with
such iconographic short cuts: a man on a cross is usually Jesus (イエス); a man being
barbecued on a grill is St. Lawrence (セントローレンス); a man studiously reading with a docile
lion lying nearby is St. Jerome (サンジェローム); a woman standing by a wheel with blade like
spikes coming out of it is St. Catherine of Alexandria (セントカサリン.アレグザンドリア) and so on. Similar
cues can be found in both sacred and profane Asian art.
John W. Dower in The Elements of
Japanese Design (p. 99) states:
"Like the lion and peony...the sparrow is
commonly depicted with bamboo. The association is a natural one, since
flocks of sparrows commonly alight in the bamboo groves..."
Merrily Baird in Symbols of Japan
(pp. 118-119) notes that there are early poetic references to sparrows and
bamboo. "The bird is said to be obsessed with its honor, especially the
repaying of debts.... Nearly three dozen family crests are based on the


text:
Aerogels are ultra-lightweight materials composed of almost 99.98 vol.% of porosity and present excellent opportunities for developing lightweight composite materials. Special properties such as electrical insulation and controlled dielectric constant can be generated in such composites. Ultra-low density and hydrophobic nature of aerogels make it difficult to mix them in epoxy resins. The present research is aimed at developing fabrication methods for aerogel/epoxy composites. The development of such methods requires encapsulating the aerogel particles in epoxy resin without infiltrating them. Compression tests are conducted on these composites and their deformation and fracture behavior is studied. The composites are found to have compressive failure strain of over 25%. It is observed that the higher density composites showed higher compressive modulus but lower yield strength. The reduction in the yield strength is attributed to the early crack initiation in these specimens.
- Polymer matrix composite
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Ceramics and Composites
- Computer Science Applications
- Metals and Alloys
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering


A new survey into sickness absence rates and costs highlights an upward trend in the number of sick days an employee typical takes, with many employers underestimating the cost of absenteeism, something Adrian Lewis from Activ Absence is urging employers to address.
The research from XpertHR[i] shows that the UK's median absence rate has risen slightly from 2.5% of working time in 2018, to 2.7% – translating to 6.4 days' absence per employee (up from 5.6 days the previous year). The cost of sickness absence in 2019 stood at a median of £568 per employee, but XpertHR says this is likely to be inaccurate because 42% employers said they did not know if their absence cost data was accurate or not.
Adrian Lewis says, "It's a worrying time for employers due to COVID-19 and the rise in the number of sick days people are taking will add to this. These figures may well increase this year and next too as the true impact of the pandemic is felt.
"The pandemic has put a huge strain on people and their families, both from a health perspective but also financially. People are fearful of their job security and the possibility of facing redundancy in the future. Homeworking has added to this with people feeling isolated from colleagues and the usual work environment.
"All of this can build up and cause both mental and physical illness, leading to more people taking time off sick. It's therefore vital that employers accurately track absence and manage it effectively to reduce the costs associated with absenteeism such as a loss of productivity, paying other staff overtime to do the work or having to hire temporary staff.
"An easy and accurate way for businesses to do this is by using absence management software, which will track absence, flag up patterns which can indicate issues and prompt return to work interviews. Having this data enables employers to put steps in place to better manage absence and reduce costs by understanding why people are off sick.
"By monitoring absence trends employers can have complete visibility over their workforce and will know where to target support, such as wellbeing and mental health support or changes that might be needed in the working culture to mitigate any issues people are having. This data enables companies to nip issues in the bud quickly and helps ensure a happy and productive workforce.Being informed is the best way to manage costs and ensure that absence rates don't get out of hand."
For more information on absence management software visit _URL_
[i] _URL_


What's the difference between bacon and pork belly?
With the popularity of keto diets and new research on the impact of carbohydrates on weight and overall health, bacon and pork belly have emerged from the dark corners of foods formerly written off as entirely "bad" for you.But what is it about these particular pork options that earned them the label of "unhealthy" in the first place? Are pork belly and bacon equal in nutrition? What is the difference between the two, exactly?
How is bacon made?
Although bacon can be made from other meats, when most people think of this traditional American breakfast side dish, they think of pork. Large slabs of meat are cut from the underside of the pig, known as pork belly. The pork belly is later seasoned, smoked, and sliced to make bacon. Many producers cure the meat by adding synthetic nitrates or nitrites and also choose to add sugar. This isn't the only way to make bacon, however.
Is there such a thing as healthy bacon?
Fortunately, sugar isn't required to make good-tasting bacon either, and there are other, more natural options for preservation. Pederson's Natural Farms doesn't cure its meats, choosing instead to extend the shelf life of our products naturally, without the use of added chemicals. Not adding sugar to our products also makes them friendlier to health-conscious eaters without sacrificing that bacon flavor.
What is pork belly?
Although bacon may hail from the pork belly, the two are very different. Pork belly is not processed. Most people like to cook it slowly to melt down the fat content and create a richly flavored, tender protein.Just like the bacon trending toward not being all bad, pork belly is exploding in popularity. This forefather to bacon was once eschewed for its visibly fatty content. Now pork belly seems to be popping up on menus everywhere. But why?
Keto Whole30 Approved No Sugar Added Uncured Dry Rub Bacon
Keto Whole30 Approved No Sugar Added Uncured Dry Rub Bacon
Keto Whole30 Approved No Sugar Added Uncured Dry Rub Bacon
Can pork belly be eaten as part of a healthy diet?
Fat, once treated as the evil enemy of the health-minded individual, is being looked at differently by many in the realm of food and nutritional science. Keto and other high-fat, low-carb diets encourage increasing the amount of fat consumed and severely reducing the amount of carbohydrate-laden foods as a means of controlling weight and improving overall health.There are many ways to eat for your health, and what is suitable for one person isn't always ideal for another. There's no one right answer for everyone. And what is known today may tomorrow be old news. The good news is that there are more options now than ever.


text:
Prediction Of Sugar Yield From Sugar Cane Using Process Modeling
A study was undertaken to developed a model that will be used to predict sugar and the by-products from sugar cane. The model developed from MATLAB was used to predict the sugar, bagasse, filter cake and molasses yield from sugar cane. The predicted values from the model were compared to yield data obtained from the production of sugar cane from the Savannah Sugar Company, Numan, Nigeria for 90 days. The analysis gof variance (ANOVA) at p ≤ 0.01 was used to determine if there were significant difference in the yield predicted by the model and the measured factory yield. The F-LSD at p ≤ 0.01 was used to separate the means. The model is validated where there was no significant difference between its predicted yield and the factory-obtained yield. The sugar cane input of 2,150.52 MT was obtained from the Savannah Sugar factory. The corresponding imbibitions water pumped into the mixed juice was 673.12 MT. The predicted sugar, bagasse, molasses and filter cake yield using the MATLAB model was 279.5MT (13%), 1,049.46MT(48%), 111.828MT(5.2%) and 101.1MT(4.7%) respectively. The ANOVA showed that there was no significant difference between the MATLAB model and the factory-based model. It is concluded that the ANOVA validated MATLAB model for sugar yield prediction. Consequently, this model is recommended for use in predicting sugar and by-products yields from sugar cane. Statistical analysis using the F-LSD showed that the model satisfied such an invariant confidence in the model, and provided support for its validity.


Retailers: Log in for price
ScrumBrawl is a board game where players control fantastic creatures vying for supremacy within the Arena, scoring goals by maneuvering various types of enchanted orbs into portals set within the Arena or fighting other creatures to the death to prevent them from reaching the portals. The 100-card deck contains fifty creatures with different characteristics that determine how the creature interacts with the orbs (throw accuracy, catching ability, and throwing range), how fast a creature can move, and how effective it is in battle. Many creatures also have unique magic abilities that can be used to manipulate gameplay.
When players summon creatures, corresponding creature tokens (miniature cards that stand erect in cardstands) enter the 20x20 square gameboard, known as the Arena, where the orb and portal tokens await the contestants. In a four-player game, players may compete in teams of two. Goals are scored by creatures that maneuver an orb token onto a portal token by picking up, carrying, handing off, and throwing the orb with their creature tokens.
Enchantment cards can be played on creatures to grant them enhanced stats or new abilities as well as make them hardier in combat. Event cards, such a Lightning Storms or Fumbles can change the flow the game in seconds forcing players to constantly rethink their strategies for scoring or engaging in combat.
2-4 players. 60 minute playing time.
Publisher: VicTim Games


()
Print stack trace
Calculate the time spent
You can easily calculate how much time a function takes to run, using time() and timeEnd()
const doSomething = () => console.log('test')
const measureDoingSomething = () => {
 //do something, and measure the time it takes
Use console time
Generate a CPU profile
The DevTools allow you to analyze the CPU profile performance of any function.
You can start that manually, but the most accurate way to do so is to wrap what you want to monitor between the profile() and profileEnd() commands. They are similar to time() and timeEnd(), except they don't just measure time, but create a more detailed report.
const measureDoingSomething = () => {
 //do something, and measure its performance
Generate a CPU profile


The Tugu Peringatan Negara or more commonly referred to as Tugu Negara, is a complex located in Kuala Lumpur, adjacent to the Perdana Botanical Gardens.
The complex that houses the Tugu Negara also houses the Kuala Lumpur Cenotaph, which was originally erected by the British colonial administration.
The Cenotaph was originally located elsewhere but later transferred to the complex when works on the Tugu Negara complex began.
The Tugu Negara was designed by an Austrian, Felix de Weldon, who also designed the USMC (United States Marine Corp) War Memorial located in Virginia, USA. Works on the Tugu Negara began in 1963 and it was finally opened to the public in 1966.
The conceptualization of the Tugu Negara complex is to honour the approximate 11,000 dead from World War I (_PHONE_), World War II (_PHONE_) and The Malayan Emergency (_PHONE_).
The Tugu Negara was damaged in August 1975, when explosives were used by subversive elements to try to destroy the Tugu Negara. However, only two of the sculptures were damaged and restored soon afterwards.


text:
"This black t-shirt, which says "Silence = Death" with a pink triangle, symbolizes the struggle against AIDS.
History Explorer Results (1)
Related Books (0)
Primary Sources, Interactives & Media, Lessons & Activities
Maritime activity is as important as ever, and it affects the lives of people everywhere. The importance of shipping to today's global economy and the types of ships that transport goods throughout the world are the focus of this section of On the Water: Stories from Maritime America


text:
POTSDAM – Clarkson University's Egon Matijevic, the Victor K. LaMer Professor of Colloid and Surface Science, and Evgeny Katz, the Milton Kerker Chair in Colloid Science, are listed in the H-index of living scientists.
The H-index attempts to measure both the scientific productivity and the apparent scientific impact of a scientist. The index is based on the set of the scientist's most cited papers and the number of citations that they have received in other people's publications.
At ranking #218, Matijevic, with an H of 69, has published 69 papers (among total 575 papers), which have each received at least 69 citations.
At ranking #380, Katz, with an H of 60, has published 60 papers (among more than 300 papers), which have each received at least 60 citations.
It should be noted that this listed of the most-cited chemists totals only 587 worldwide with the two Clarkson's professors among them.
The index was suggested by physicist Jorge E. Hirsch as a tool for determining quality of scientific publications of a person and is sometimes called the Hirsch index or Hirsch number.
The purpose of this index is similar to the popular impact factor, which is used to rank the quality of scientific journals, but it is applied to a person. The definition of the H-index and the explanations of its importance can be found at _URL_
The latest list, compiled by Henry Schaefer of the University of Georgia, together with colleague Amy Peterson, was updated in November 2010 and can be found at _URL_


Artemisia maritima
Also found in: Thesaurus, Wikipedia.
ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:
Noun1.Artemisia maritima - plants of western and northern European coastsArtemisia maritima - plants of western and northern European coasts
genus Seriphidium, Seriphidium - woody plants grown chiefly for their silver or grey and often aromatic foliage; formerly included in the genus Artemisia
References in periodicals archive?
Ladakh urial used Artemisia maritima (n=53) with 18.34% of observations followed by Olea ferruginea (n=28, 9.69%), Ephedra intermedia (n=25, 8.65%), Pistacia khinjuk and Ephedra gerardiana (n=23, 7.69%).
A taxonomic revision of the Artemisia maritima group (Pearson, 1974) demonstrated that the inland populations formerly considered as A.
Additionally, hares reduced the number of dead Artemisia maritima stems in grassy swards, which otherwise might have hampered grazing by geese.


text:
Qanats and surangams are examples of water accessing systems which have similar technologies. Qanat technology originated in Iran and was used extensively in the dry, arid desert regions of the Middle East and surangam technologyis used in the hilly terrains of the Western Ghats. Both systems essentially consist of underground tunnels that source the aquifer and use gravity to convey the water to groundlevel.
In both systems, construction is undertaken by hand by labourers or farmers. The most important aspect of building these structures is identifying the source of water. The traditional Qanat builders, called muqannis, follow the water courses coming down the mountains and identify subsurface water sources. They dig a trial well to test the quantum and flow of water before beginning work on the Qanat. Similarly, in India, workmen who traditionally undertook the digging of surangas, were people who were familiar with the slopes, soil structure, catchment areas and used their knowledge of local flora and fauna to identify water sources.
Arid, desert region with high surface evaporation rates. Absence of rivers
Coastal hill areas underlain by lateritic and weathered rocks with high rainfall. Rapid discharge of river water due to steep slopes
Type of structure
A series of wells connected by a tunnel
Tapping groundwater directly
Length of tunnel
30 – 150 m sometimes as long as 6000 m to 8000m
3 - 300 m
1m - 1.5 m
0.9 -15 m
0.5 – 1m
0.5 – 0.8 m
At intervals of 20 – 35m
Generally no shafts unless tunnels are very long
Style of construction
Began from where water was to be delivered and worked its way up the slope to mother well
Began from the source of water
Qanats: Originating in Armenia 2,500 years ago, Qanats have reemerged into the international spotlight as "rational irrigation systems," says Dr. Ali A. Semsar Yazdi the Director of the newly formed International Centre on Qanat and Historic Hydraulic Structures (ICQHS) in Yazd, Iran.
Today in Iran, more than 34,355 of the structures are still functioning. Sophisticated, self-regulating, and structurally sound, Qanat systems were an integral part of Iranian cotton production in the ninth and tenth centuries AD, and have since been found in 35 countries including China, India, Egypt, and even as far westward as Spain and Peru.
Qanats (also called kariz, lyoun, aflaj) use underground water channels to drive the natural flow of aquifers to the earth's surface for irrigation and domestic use. An intricate series of vertical shafts run from a point source near a hill or mountaintop and continue downhill to a field or village extending between one kilometer (km) and 70 km in length.The Qanat system was used widely across Persia and the Middle East for many reasons. First, the system requires no energy, reliant on the force of gravity alone. Second, the system can carry water across long distances through subterranean chambers avoiding leakage, evaporation, or pollution. And lastly, the discharge is fixed by nature, producing only the amount of water that is distributed naturally from a spring or mountain, ensuring the water table is not depleted. More importantly, it allows access to a reliable and plentiful source of water to those living in otherwise marginal landscapes.
Anthony Smith, a well known author covering the social importance of Qanats in Iran, explains the system as "the life of the village, without it, the village would be dust. The systems can deliver water at a rate between one liter per second and 500 liters per second, and a single Qanat can irrigate hundreds of hectares.The well is horizontal, instead of vertical, relying on gravity and pressure from upland shafts to channel water up to the surface.
Over the centuries, the abundance of Qanats has varied amidst shifting dynasties and new landowners. More recently, the resurgence of Qanats is fighting years of inevitable modernization in which wells and piped water systems were constructed for growing populations under new land arrangements. Variable and decreasing rainfall have also hindered development efforts. In Syria, 92% of all Qanats have run dry since the introduction of pumped tube-wells in the mid-1970s. In both Syria and Iran, Qanats were constructed in areas that received 100-300 millimeters (mm) of precipitation each year. According to Professor Dale Lightfoot at the University of Colorado, these areas have received more variable rainfall in recent decades, compromising the efficacy of Qanats. Time and money is also a serious obstacle to new construction. New systems take anywhere between 25 and 75 years to construct with traditional materials and strategies.Thus, ICQHS focuses its resources in village-level education, training users how to revitalize and repair existing Qanats. Since 2008, ICQHS has taken on six projects to restore Qanat systems in villages surrounding the Center in Yazd, successfully increasing drinking water and irrigation supplies.
Similar to the technology of quanats is the surangam technology that was in vogue in Dakshin Kannada district of Karnataka and Kasaragod district of Kerala. A Surangam is basically a tunnel dug through a laterite hillock through which water seeps out and into the tunnel. Water is then collected at the end of the tunnel in a storage pit. A surangam is also known as thurangam, thorapu, mala in different parts of Kasaragod. The only cost of the a surangam is the initial cost of digging which was done by local workmen who were familiar with the geology, soil, slope etc.
Generally a surangam was about 0.45–0.70 m wide and about 1.8-2.0 m in height. The length of the tunnel varied between 3 m to 300 m. For long tunnels, air shafts were provided to ensure atmospheric pressure. Surangams are dug in places where the hydrogeological profile consists of is lateritic and weathered rocks. Surangams are used to provide water for drinking, domestic use and sometimes even for irrigation. According to Harish Halemane of Kasaragod, there are about 2000 surangams in Bayar village in Kasaragod. In Sheni village in Kasaragod, there is a 90-year old, 250 m long surangam with seven air events.
In Manila village in Dakshin Kannada district, Achyut Bhat's family dug nearly 20 surangams, of which 14 are still functional. The family's 15 acre property lies in a rocky area, where it digging a well is not economical. Today, the plot has areca nut and cocoanut gardens. Achyut Bhat is passionately committed to the idea of surangams and has propagated the idea in his village. He says that there are about 300 surangams in the village.
1. Surangam providing irrigation water in Padre village. 2. Surangam being constructed.
3. A century old surangam in Sheni village. 4. Construction material being taken out.
5. Surangam water for drinking water Pix: Shree Padre, India together.org
Anthony Smith: Explorations in Persia: Blind White Fish in Persia. Richmond, Virginia: William Byrd Press, 1953, pp. 16-17
Gunther Garbrecht, "Ancient Water Works - Lessons from history".Impact of Science on Society, UNESCO 1983 No.1; p.10.
Lightfoot, Dale R. Syrian Qanat Romani. Water History.
Salih, Abdin, Qanats a Unique Groundwater Management Tool in Arid Regions: The Case of Bam Region in Iran, International Symposium on Groundwater Sustainability (ISGWAS)
Boustani Fardin, Sustainable Water Utilization in Arid Region ofIran by Qanats, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 43 2008
Padre, Shree, Surangas, manmade caves to tap underground water, India Together, _URL_
Padre, Shree The unique water tunnel of Sheni, India Together.http://www.indiatogether.com/2009/jan/env-suranga.htm.
Harish Halemane,Suranga - a sustainabale water resource, June 2007, National seminar on water & cultureHampi, Karnataka
Anon, Dying Wisdom, Rise, fall and potential of India's traditional water harvesting systems, Centre for Science and Environment, 1998, pp 220-222


text:
Transportation Impact Assessment (TIA) Guidelines
Transportation Impact Assessments (TIA) may be requested in support of land development within the City of Edmonton to analyze and understand the traffic impacts of a proposed development. These guidelines have been developed to assist land owners, developers, and consultants in identifying situations where a TIA may be required, as well as the expected content, presentation, analysis methodology, and submission requirements.
The TIA Guidelines (2016) are divided into the following parts:
Part 1: Requirements for various levels of Transportation Impact Assessments
Part 2: Content/presentation requirements for various document sections
Part 3: Analysis requirements, standards, and methodology
The TIA Guidelines will be updated periodically. Users are encouraged to check here for the latest edition, as well as any known errors, omissions, or additional information planned for a future update. Addenda below should be incorporated into any ongoing traffic assessment, as appropriate.
September 2017 - Section 5.1 Active Modes
A future edition of the TIA Guidelines will expand on requirements related to this section. In the interim, assessments should include analysis and discussion of pedestrian safety at intersections and/or midblock locations. The latest edition of the Pedestrian Crossing Control Guide (TAC) should be referenced to determine any required pedestrian crossing controls, such as ground-mounted signage, overhead flashers and traffic signals at these locations.


Place:Wootton Fitzpaine, Dorset, England
NameWootton Fitzpaine
Alt namesOdetunsource: Domesday Book (1985) p 96
Wootton-Fitzpainesource: Family History Library Catalog
Coordinates50.75°N 2.9°W
Located inDorset, England
source: Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names
source: Family History Library Catalog
the text in this section is copied from an article in Wikipedia
Wootton Fitzpaine is a village and civil parish in the county of Dorset in South West England. It lies approximately north-east of Lyme Regis in a small side valley of the River Char, close to the Marshwood Vale. The civil parish covers an area of and includes the ecclesiastical parish and small settlement of Monkton Wyld to the west. In the 2011 Census the civil parish recorded a population of 345 in 180 dwellings, 46 of which (25.6%) had no usual resident.
Wootton Fitzpaine village consists primarily of two small centres: a larger western part comprising the village hall and about 50 densely placed houses, and a smaller eastern part comprising about a dozen houses, the church and manor house. The village is sited on greensand and has a history of being agriculturally relatively prosperous.
The village name derives from 'Wodetone', meaning a farm close to a wood, plus the name of the manorial family, Fitzpaine.
The parish church was built mostly between the 13th and 15th centuries but was restored and added to in 1872. It lies within the grounds of the adjacent Wootton House,[1] a three-storey brick-built house constructed around 1765 but also restored and added to in the late 19th century.[2] The rectory dates from the end of the 15th century. Twenty structures within the parish are listed by English Heritage for their historic or architectural interest.
The Wessex Ridgeway and Monarch's Way long-distance footpaths pass through the parish, as does the Liberty Trail, a more local designated way.[3]
Research Tips
This page uses content from the English Wikipedia. The original content was at Wootton Fitzpaine. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with WeRelate, the content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.


text:
Overview on Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines
This chapter provides an overview of multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS). Its main purpose is to introduce the reader to the major concepts underlying this data mining technique, particularly those that are relevant to the chapter that involves the use of this technique. This chapter includes an illustrative example and also provides guidance for interpreting a MARS model.
- Breiman L, Friedman J, Olshen R, Charles S (1984) Classification and regression trees. Wadsworth International GroupGoogle Scholar
- Friedman JH (1991) Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines. Ann Stat 19(1):1, pp 1–141Google Scholar
- Guo W, Zhao N, Shao H (2010) IT investment efficiency analysis of equipment manufacturing industry based on two-stage nonparametric model. In: Proceedings of IEEE 2010 international conference on challenges in environmental science and computer engineering, vol 2, pp 21–24Google Scholar
- Hastie T, Tibshirani R (1990) Generalized additive model. Chapman and Hall, LondonGoogle Scholar
- Morawczynski O, Ngwenyama O (2007) Unraveling the impact of investments in ICT, education and health on development: an analysis of archival data of five West African countries using regression splines. Electron J Inf Syst Dev Countries 29:1–15Google Scholar
- Mukkamala S, Sung AH, Abraham A, Ramos V (2006) Intrusion detection systems using adaptive regression spines. In: Enterprise Information Systems VI, pp 211–218. Springer, NetherlandsGoogle Scholar


text:
stationarity tests unit roots structural breaks smooth transitions
We consider tests of null hypothesis of stationarity against a unit root alternative when the series is subject to structural change at an unknown point in time. Three extant test are reviewed which allow for an endogenously determined instantaneous structural break, and a related fourth procedure is introduced. We further propose tests which permit the structural change to be gradual rather than instantaneous, allowing the null hypothesis to be a stationarity about a smooth transition in linear trend. The size and power properties of the tests are investigated, and the test are applied to four economic time series.


text:
By the Spotsylvania Department of Tourism
From The Start...
Blacks first arrived in isolated and sparsely populated Spotsylvania County along with white settlers in the early 1700's. Through the years before the Civil War, as slaves and occasionally as free men and women, they were an important force in area development. Occupations included labor as farm and plantation workers, as domestic servants, and as artisans, such as blacksmiths, carpenters, coopers, and fine needleworkers. They also worked in the iron industries, mining, construction, shipping on the Rappahannock River, and in their own businesses.
By the first half of the 19th century, Spotsylvania County's population reached about 11,000, overhalf of whom were black.
Alex Haley's award winning novel, Roots, cast his African ancestor, Kunta Kinte, as a slave of a Spotsylvania family.


text:
Films released on DVD offer a wealth of resources that can be harnessed for the classroom. The Diamond Edition of Disney's Beauty and the Beast is a fine example of this. The blue ray edition offers teachers a plethora of resources including:
- Special Extended and Original Theatrical Editions: Two versions of Beauty and the Beast are available from the outset. A 92-minute "Special Extended Edition" and the film's 85-minute theatrical cut.
- Storyreel Picture-in-Picture Experience: Students can view the theatrical cut alongside the filmmakers' original storyreel, an incredibly early version of the film that features rough animation, hand-drawn storyboards and other preproduction artwork.
- Audio Commentary: Producer Don Hahn and co-directors Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale discuss the Special Extended Edition of Beauty and the Beast and waste little time doing so. The trio dissect the story and characters, the animation techniques utilized throughout the film, its place in Disney history, the dialogue and songs, casting and the voice recording sessions, the challenges they faced during its long and complex production and much, much more. It's a thoroughly engaging and informative track that should not be missed.
- Sing Along Track: The Special Extended cut even offers a text-based "Sing Along Mode" for center based learning or sing along as a group.
- Fast Play: Looking for yet another way to watch Beauty and the Beast? In a fit of overkill, the BD wizards at Disney have also devised a "Fast Play Mode" that allows you to customize and automate the viewing experience based on classroom time constraints.
- Beyond Beauty (HD, 157 minutes): An interactive, feature-length behind-the-scenes documentary teeming with worthwhile bonus content all its own (simply press "enter" when the on-screen icons appear to extend the experience further). A handy pop-up menu even keeps track of which sub-featurettes and branching segments you have and haven't watched, making the whole of the documentary as effortless as it is extensive.
- Classic DVD Bonus Features (SD, 62 minutes): The previously released DVD's high quality materials are included as well, albeit in standard definition. "The Story Behind the Story" digs into seven separate Disney films; Hahn presides over an early presentation reel and an alternate version of "Be Our Guest;" Menken unveils an alternate score for "The Transformation;" Hahn and Menken introduce "Human Again," a deleted song comprised of storyboards; a collection of "Animation Tests, Roughs & Clean-Ups" proves to be an all-too-short treat; a "Camera Move Test" provides a glimpse at the virtual sets created for the film's most complex shots; a "Music Video" features Celine Dion performing "Beauty and the Beast;" and a series of trailers and TV spots will satisfy completists.
- Composing a Classic (HD, 20 minutes): Composer Alan Menken, music agent and Disney historian Richard Kraft, and producer Don Hahn chat at length about the film's rousing songs and musical score, as well as the art of furthering a story through music.
- Broadway Beginnings (HD, 13 minutes): A string of name-that-face celebrities, production team members and stage actors wax poetic about the Broadway adaptation of the film.
- Music Video (HD, 3 minutes): Jordin Sparks performs "Beauty and the Beast."
- Enchanted Musical Challenge (HD): A more accessible game in which players have to search the Beast's castle and answer trivia questions to find four of Belle's friends.
Many reviewers don't see the value in some of the resources in the Diamond Edition but for those of in the classroom, its a powerful tool that allows us to incorporate pop culture into our lesson plans.


Documentation Center
 - Trial Software
 - Product Updates
Scripts vs. Functions
Program files can be scripts that simply execute a series of MATLAB® statements, or they can be functions that also accept input arguments and produce output. Both scripts and functions contain MATLAB code, and both are stored in text files with a.m extension. However, functions are more flexible and more easily extensible.
For example, create a script in a file named triarea.m that computes the area of a triangle:
b = 5;
h = 3;
a = 0.5*(b.* h)
a =
function a = triarea(b,h)
a = 0.5*(b.* h);
a1 = triarea(1,5)
a2 = triarea(2,10)
a3 = triarea(3,6)
a1 =
a2 =
a3 =
Related Examples
More About
Was this topic helpful?


and the fastest in the last heat. This does not mean that the 9-year olds are actually competing against 16-year olds or older as once all the heats are swum the swimmer's times are sorted into the individual age groups and medals awarded accordingly. Where an event is Heat Declared Winner there are no Finals.
Q. Why does the official time on the results sheet differ from that recorded by the timekeeper?
At a Meet where there is no electronic timing (AOE) such as the Club Championships the only official times are those decided on by the referee having first considered the time recorded by the timekeepers. The placing recorded by the finish judges and the referee and approved by the referee take precedence over the manual times of the timekeepers and as a result it may be necessary to adjust the times to fit in with the placings.
Often one will see two or more swimmers with official times which are identical, but this does not (unless the result sheet specifically states) mean that the swimmers finished tied with the same time. It merely means that the manual times recorded by the timekeeper showed the swimmer who finished ahead of the other as having a slower time - so in order to make sense of the placing the difference between the times is averaged so that the faster swimmer will be placed ahead of the slower swimmer albeit with same time.