text:
Generating the Current
In 1984, Malcolm Brown and Anne Larsen bought the old generating site next to the dam and began the work of transforming the man-made lake into a resource capable of producing power. Hydro electricity is produced by directing water from Lake Jefferson into a pair of turbines, where the force of the moving water causes the turbine to spin. The spinning action of the turbine creates electricity by turning a shaft that is connected to a gearbox which in turn is connected to a generator. In order to bring water from the lake down to the turbines, a hole was punched through the core wall of the dam and a long steel tube called the penstock was attached to direct the falling water into two turbines (one 25 kw and one 45 kw) in the powerhouse situated below the dam.
Jeffersonville Hydroelectric Company began generating power in 1986, producing power for the powerhouse and selling the rest of the energy back to the utility NYSEG, New York State Electric and Gas. At full power, the hydroelectric facility can generate enough power for 20-25 homes.


Omega TK 2.5.2
New features
 - The fragment library is now shared across multiple instances of the OEOmega objects in a thread-safe manner. This can greatly reduce the amount of memory needed to run a multi-threaded version of Omega TK. For example, the memory consumption of Omega TK running across 8-cores dropped from 715MB to 258MB for 14,000 lead-like compounds from MDDR. This can also lead to a performance improvement since expensive fragment generation can sometimes be avoided if it has already been completed by another thread.
 - The internal fragment library for the Omega TK shared library is now stored in a more space and time efficient manner. Creating an OEOmega object and running it on a single molecule should now be faster. For example, running the example on a single benzene now takes 0.25 seconds instead of 0.83 seconds. Your mileage may vary depending upon operating system and hardware.
 - The python global interpreter lock will now be released when entering OMEGA toolkit calls.
Minor bug fixes
 - Now OEOmega.operator() will fail nicely and return false for non-3D input if SetFromCT is set to false.
 - All ring bonds will be left unset by OEFlipper unless forceFlip=true.


text:
- SetFree[dropcon, options] builds a FreeSystem object containing the mathematical equations required to find equilibrium conditions of the current model. The dropcon argument is used to specify the constraint(s) that are dropped to make the system underconstrained.
- The format of dropcon is identical to that used by the Constraints function.
- The FreeSystem object is solved with SolveFree.
- The following options can be given:
- If InitialGuess or InitialCondition is unspecified, SetFree uses the current model initial guesses, as obtained from LastSolve.
- InitialCondition can also be specified in SolveFree.
- If Solution->Static is given, the model must have some nonzero applied loads for a static equilibrium position to exist.
- If Solution->Kinematic is given, the model must have velocity-dependent loads applied, or no equilibrium velocity can exist.
- If Solution->Dynamic is given, the model must have nonzero masses applied to at least one moving body with SetBodies.
- See also: SetCouple.
Load the Modeler2D package and define a simple model.
Here we build a FreeSystem object that can be used to simulate the underconstrained motion of the help model when the constraint that controls the rotation of the crank has been removed. Before calling SetFree, a velocity solution is generated with SolveMech so that initial conditions for the location and velocity of each body will be available.
Because the help model has only one body with nonzero mass and one applied load (the link body has a 10-unit mass and a 10-unit applied load in the X direction), the instantaneous free acceleration is somewhat predictable. The X acceleration of the link body, X3dd, is equal to 1.0.
Here we integrate the free acceleration of the help model with respect to time for four seconds.
Here is a plot of the X position of the link. The link is initially decelerating until its X coordinate reaches a local minimum, and then it accelerates the other way.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Intermittency of Water Vapor Fluxes from Vineyards During Light Wind and Convective Conditions
Document Type
Journal/Book Title/Conference
Irrigation Science
Publication Date
Award Number
NASA, National Aeronautics and Space Administration NNX17AF51G
NASA, National Aeronautics and Space Administration
First Page
Last Page
Vineyards in many semi-arid regions globally face limited water resources. Monitoring evapotranspiration (ET) of vineyards is critical for water resource management, but remains difficult due to the complex biophysics of the surfaces. Both measurement and modeling approaches for estimating turbulent water vapor transport rely on implicit assumptions that exchanges occur in a reasonably regular fashion over the time scales generally used for averaging. However, heterogeneous vegetation in semi-arid climates, such as many vineyards, presents inherent factors, including canopy row/row space structure and frequent periods of light wind, unstable conditions, that can create episodic transport characteristics. Eddy covariance data were collected above and within the canopy of two vineyards in the Central Valley of California during the Grape Remote sensing Atmospheric Profile & Evapotranspiration eXperiment (GRAPEX). The goal was to document and quantify the existence of intermittent turbulence transport of water vapor, and associated episodic canopy venting. These effects were found to correlate with periods light winds and highly unstable/convective conditions. Power and cross-spectra for intermittent periods documented enhancement of low-frequency water vapor exchange events compared to more steady periods, and diminished time scale correlation between humidity within the canopy and above the canopy. Analyses show that intermittent cases can necessitate longer flux-averaging periods (up to 2 h) than more steady conditions. Episodic exchange events were isolated and summed to determine their relative contribution to the overall water vapor flux. Since light wind, unstable conditions are relatively common in many arid vineyard regions, these findings have implications for mechanistic ET models that rely on time-averaged vertical gradients, which implies reasonably steady transport.


text:
In today's day and age, the way we obtain information is ever evolving, leaving us constantly overwhelmed with new and often differing information from sources like the Internet, social media newspapers and the television. Navigating between fact and fiction to obtain trusted facts has become more challenging than ever before, making the spread of misinformation a growing threat that continues to influence our beliefs and decisions.
As the horticulture industry has become increasingly more competitive, greenhouse growers and their teams are expected to not only run an efficient business operation, making smart decisions day in and day out, but they face expectations to embrace and understand the latest new technologies in the marketplace.
Understanding how challenging and daunting this task can be, Wageningen University & Research (WUR), one of the most prestigious agriculture universities in the world, has partnered with well-known traditional horticultural screen manufacturers Ludvig Svensson, Bonar Agro and Novavert to create a standardized method for measuring the light transmission properties of horticulture screens. Designed to make it easier for screen users and growers to compare apples to apples when considering different screen options, the new measurement protocol simplifies the screen selection process.
With the development of a standardized light transmission measurement method, for the first time ever, growers have a basis that allows them to adequately compare available screen options and make decisions based on the results of an independent third party. Prior to this standardized method from Wageningen University, all available data was simply provided by the screen manufacturer.
Schematic overview of the measuring device used by Wageningen University & Research in the standardized light transmission testing procedure for shade and energy curtains.
How the protocol was developed
The initial focus on light transmission is based upon the principle that light is the energy source for plant growth and the economical production being dependent on a daily sum at plant level. Horticulture climate screens, which come in a variety of different types, are used to control light intensity or to keep applied heat inside the greenhouse and thus play a key role in light reaching the plant.
The WUR measurement protocol was established using a light source, a lens, an integrated sphere and a detector. In order to stimulate natural conditions as close to reality as possible, different light paths and angels were introduced into the test.
There are two major principles of transmission measurement: a single-beam and a double-beam system. A single-beam system measures the relative light intensity before and after a (screen) sample is inserted. The light transmission using the double-beam system is determined by comparing the light intensity between two light paths–one path containing an open port and the second path through the (screen) sample.
Using both methods, along with a series of complex mathematical formulas, results in highly accurate light transmission values.
The light transmission values and complete results are now widely available from Wageningen University and the screen manufacturers who participated in the testing. The idea of protocols standardizing the ways in which specific properties are measured for different materials is the way of the future and should be embraced by the greenhouse industry as a whole. Accountability from industry suppliers and the data they provide can be seen as a major step forward in making our industry more professional day-by-day.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


IMGP5118 2
In one piece of promotional advertising for this southern German River town, I read that it was one of the seven most beautiful cities in the world! This is a big call to live up to, particularly if you ask difficult questions about the criteria involved in such a judgement. For example, you could ask,
 - What size does an urban centre have to be to be adjudged as a city in the first place
 - What are the other cities Passau is comparing itself with?
Passau's population is 50000 so I am wondering if the other six most beautiful cities that made the list include cities like New York, Paris and London which have populations of over a million citizens.
When considering the 'beauty' of a city, you need some clear guidelines. Here are some suggestions.
 1. Does the geography of the 'city' enhance its beauty…for example, beautiful harbours, sea-shores, rivers or mountain ranges nearby?
 2. Does the historical background add to the interest of visiting this city?
 3. Beautiful architecture? Does it have old centres of Baroque places or modernist masterpieces?
 4. Does it have an artistic and cultural life exemplified by its galleries and museums?
 5. Is its infrastructure accessible and efficient to create a welcoming culture for visitors?
When I decided to apply these guidelines to Passau to check its self-rating, I decided it passed the first one, location, with flying colours. Its old centre is built at the confluence of not just two rivers, which would be unusual, but of three. The old town looks like the prow of a boat forging ahead down stream as it navigates its way through Germany and Austria. Its major river is the Danube which is supported by two other important rivers, the Ilz from the south and the Inn from the north. Passau also has the backdrop of a minor mountain with its own castle (check image at start of article) from which the visitor can gaze down upon the convergence of these three rivers and note that they are colour coded; green, gray and the poorly named Blue (Brown!) Danube. The only ill-mannered comment an Australian might make is that it is no Sydney Harbour.
IMGP5200 2
Passau certainly has an extensive history. There is evidence that the Celts settled here 2500 years ago and its location at the junction of three rivers ensured that the Romans claimed the spot to ensure control of this reach of the Danube River. One distinctive aspect of Passau's long history is that it fell into the hands of Prince/Bishops of the Catholic Church who ruled a large area around Passau for hundreds of years from the 10th century. Great wealth from passing traders, particularly from salt (white gold!) meant that these clerical rulers became very wealthy.
Any German town or city in the twentieth century couldn't avoid being touched by the rise of National Socialism in the 1930s and the many side effects of War with your neighbours from 1938 to 1945. However Passau has its own specific link with that period that its citizens have mixed feelings about. Their town was the early childhood home of Adolph Hitler from 1889 to 1894. There is a curious story about Hitler's childhood in Passau that has emerged in the new millenium.
"Everyone in Passau knew the story. Some of the other stories told about him were that he never learned to swim and needed glasses," she wrote. "In 1894, while playing tag with a group of other children, the way many children do in Passau to this day, Adolf fell into the river. The current was very strong and the water ice cold, flowing as it did straight from the mountains. Luckily for young Adolf, the son of the owner of the house where he lived was able to pull him out in time and so saved his life."
Hitler told his Nazi generals that he used to play cowboys and Indians on the banks of the river but never admitted to falling in the water. (Amy Willis 2002)
The web of history is made from delicate skeins; what would have been the result for Europe if the young Adolf hadn't been saved by his neighbour?
Another link to the major events of the 1930's in Germany was brought about by Passau's geographical location on the Danube with its proximity to the Austrian border. When the Nazis were wooing their Austrian neighbours to the idea of joining with their German-speaking neighbours in a combined German Reich in 1933, they invited Austrians to vote in the German elections. Huge numbers were bused in to Passau to vote. It was only five years later that Hitler began his triumphal procession through Austria to celebrate the 'merger' of the two countries.
Unlike so many other Bavarian cities and towns, Passau's location has meant that it wasn't significant enough to the Western allies to suffer the extensive damage that other German cities suffered as a result of the wars of the twentieth century. Unlike cities in northern Germany, it didn't have to rebuild from scratch its historic centre after 1945. However much of the inner city did burn down in the 17th century and it was rebuilt in an Italian Baroque style chosen by the wealthy Prince-Bishop of the time. Apparently he decided the walls should extend beyond the roof-line so the winter snow would be stopped before it fell on innocent passer-byes.
IMGP5128 2 IMGP5129 2 IMGP5180 2
My third criteria for a beautiful city is its architecture and street-scape and there is no doubt that Passau is a beautiful place to stroll around. The old centre is surrounded by water on three sides so its old streets and narrow alley ways are a delight to wander through; on our visit to Passau, we started from the Danube, crossed to the other side of the city in five minutes to the Inn river Passau, Bavariaand then plunged back into the maze of streets. The predictable disadvantage of Passau's location is that when the rivers are in flood, damage from water inundation from three sides is particularly tragic. In 2013, the city suffered the worst flood in 500 years where the citizens were cut off, with the river lapping over their high bridges. The National news outlet, Spiegel described the crisis as follows…
The streets of Passau have been transformed into canals, full of soldiers evacuating pensioners in rubber boats. …Many bizarre scenes are playing out in the "City of Three Rivers," which is usually so proud of its location right where the Danube, Inn and Ilz rivers meet. Streetlights are bobbing on the water surface like buoys and an abandoned, half-submerged car is blinking furiously, its alarm system triggered by its movement in the water.IMGP5183 2
The image to right shows the 2013 flood was above the door of the Town Hall but not the highest flood in the history of Passau.
The centre of town and the most significant piece of architecture in Passau is St Stephens Basilica. Curiously two of the major cities down stream, Vienna and Budapest, have cathedrals also named after St Stephen. St Stephen's Passau is named after the first Christian martyr who was stoned to death outside a gate in Jerusalem while the adolescent St Paul held the cloaks of the outraged Pharisees. One of the themes of tour guides in Passau and in the sculpture st stephensneighbouring Central European cities was their unease with the dark history that they have inherited from earlier generations. Most we met were determined both to acknowledge and learn from their difficult past. In the case of St Stephen's in Passau, this is beautifully done by the sculpture that sits right at the front of the church behind the altar. It presents a series of individuals caught in the process of gathering around an individual and participating in the stoning of the innocent outsider. St Stephen was an outsider in that he was a follower of Jesus of Nazareth, something unacceptable to the dominant religion of that city and so this outsider must be stoned for his sins against cultural orthodoxy. The link with what happened to the Jews in Germany in the first half of the twentieth century is explicitly made by the stance of the individuals in this sculpture; there is even a Pauline figure holding the cloaks of the perpetrators throwing rocks at the Jewish stranger/neighbour.
IMGP5165 2
My fourth criteria for beautiful cities asks whether the contender has an artistic and cultural life exemplified by its galleries and museums. On our short visit to Passau, we certainly weren't tempted to visit any significant galleries to art or local culture; the closest we came was to slowly bypass the Museum of Glass. We were tempted to visit the castle on the hill overlooking the three rivers but only for the magnificent views of the rivers and the rolling green hills that surrounded the modern parts of Passau.
Given that we came by Riverboat, we were in no situation to comment on the accessibility to efficient local transport facilities.
In attempting to come to a judgement based on my five 'beautiful' criteria, I would have to cast doubt on the locals' claim that Passau was one of the seven most beautiful cities in the world. Apart from making rash claims about their world urban standing, I would never question anyone's claim that Passau was indeed a beautiful city. We thoroughly enjoyed our trip to this small river city in southern Germany, particularly for the stroll through the cobble-stoned alley ways and the fantastic


text:
The science behind handshakes
A new study suggests shaking hands is more than just a common greeting.
Researchers at Israel's Weizmann Institute of Science say it's actually a way of smelling each other - much like animals do to learn more about one another. Except people are much more discreet.
The researchers used hidden cameras to observe more than 270 people while they waited alone. During that time the volunteers put their hands near their nose 22 percent of the time. Using some sneaky instrument that measured airflow to the nose, researchers realized they were actually sniffing their hands. Staff members eventually greeted some volunteers with a handshake. Participants who shake hands with someone of the same sex were twice as likely to subtly sniff their hands after.
Participants who shook hands with the opposite sex, however, were more likely to sniff their non-shaking hand.
The project's researcher told New Scientist, "People constantly have a hand at their face, they are sniffing it, and they modify that behavior after shaking hands. That demonstrates that the handshaking is a chemosignalling behavior."
Chemosignals are like pheromones that transmit information from our bodies - like sweating when we're afraid. New Scientist reports it's still unclear what chemical signals are exchanged through handshakes, or why there are different results for same-sex and cross-gender handshakes, but the team at Weizmann is now looking at how the signals might be affected in behavioral conditions like autism spectrum disorders.
They believe these results are just the "tip of the iceberg."
More on AOL:
First tortoise babies found on Galapagos Islands in more than 100 years
Free-range parents deemed responsible for 'unsubstantiated child neglect'
Iowa mother pregnant with rare set of monoamniotic twins


text:
Before you can manage devices in Security Manager, you must prepare the devices so that communication between Security Manager and the devices is enabled, then add those devices to the Security Manager inventory.
This chapter contains the following topics:
Troubleshooting Device Communication Failures
If Security Manager fails to communicate with a device, e.g. by failing to log into it, during discovery, deployment, or other actions, look at these areas to identify and resolve the problem.
- Ensure the device is operational.
- Check which transport protocol is selected. You must select a protocol that the device is configured to accept. For most devices, the protocol is selected on the Device Properties General page. For IPS devices, the IPS RDEP mode is selected on the Credentials page.
Some methods of adding devices also allow you to select a non-default transport protocol. To configure the default transport protocols for classes of devices, select Tools > Security Manager Administration > Device Communications.
- On the Device Properties General page, ensure that the hostname, domain name, and IP address are correct. Keep in mind that the Hostname and Accounts and Credentials policies for the device define the actual names and credentials that get configured on the device. However, the policies are not used for device communication. If you make changes to the policies that affect the credentials you are using for device communication, you must also manually update the device properties.
- Make sure DNS names can be resolved from the Security Manager server. You might need to fix the DNS settings on the server.
- Check the credentials for the device in Security Manager and ensure that they are correct and that there is a route between the server and device. Right-click the device, select Device Properties, select the Credentials tab, and click the Test Connectivity button. If the connection fails, check error messages to determine whether the problem is connectivity or credentials. Update the credentials in the device properties if necessary.
When adding new devices the credentials are defined within the New Device wizard if your method of adding the device requires credentials. Keep the following in mind:
– The primary credentials are used for SSH and Telnet connections.
– The HTTP/HTTPS credentials are used for HTTP and SSL connections unless you select Use Primary Credentials, in which case the primary credentials are also used for these connections.
FAQs About Device Communication
This section answers the following questions about device communication:
Q. How does Security Manager connect to a Cisco IOS router that does not have a K8 or K9 crypto image?
By default, Security Manager connects to Cisco IOS routers using SSL. However, a device running IOS version 12.3 or later without a K8 or K9 crypto image will not be able to support SSL. Therefore, after you add the device to Security Manager, you must select Tools > Device Properties, then change the default transport protocol to Telnet.
Q. Why cannot Security Manager connect to a Cisco IOS router after configuration rollback?
This could occur because of one of the following reasons:
– At rollback, for some versions of Cisco IOS software and when necessary, the configurations are copied from the TFTP server to startup-config, then the Cisco IOS router is reloaded. This reload causes a temporary loss in device connectivity. Wait for the device to be reloaded completely, then try to connect to it again.
– The configuration contains a nonexisting or unauthorized username and password.
Security Certificate Rejected When Discovering Device
If an error occurs when you attempt to discover a device, and the error message states that the security certificate received from the device was rejected, you need to update the certificate. You can do this using one of the following methods:
- Manually enter the thumbprint required by the certificate by doing one of the following:
– Select Tools > Security Manager Administration > Device Communication. Click Add Certificate, enter the IP address of the device, then copy and paste the thumbprint displayed in the error message into the Certificate Thumbprint field.
– Right-click the device and select Device Properties > Credentials. Copy and paste the thumbprint displayed in the error message into the Authentication Certificate Thumbprint field.
You must manually enter the thumbprint whenever you add a new device using the Add New Device or Add From Configuration File options and when you perform rediscovery. It is not required when you add a new device using the Add New Device From Network or Add Device From File options.
- Configure the SSL certificate settings to automatically retrieve the certificate when adding devices. You can select different settings for IPS, router, and ASA/PIX/FWSM devices. To configure these settings, select Tools > Security Manager Administration > Device Communication, and look at the SSL Certificate Parameters group.
Invalid Certificate Error During Device Discovery
Problem If the time settings on the device and Security Manager are not in synchronization, an error message is displayed stating that the certificate is not yet valid when you try to discover a device.
Solution When the time set on the Security Manager server is lagging behind the time set on the device, Security Manager cannot validate the device certificate as the start time of the validity period is ahead of the Security Manager time setting. Even if the time zones configured on the device and Security Manager are the same, the invalid certificate error occurs if the daylight saving time (summertime) settings are different. To resolve this problem, make sure that the daylight saving time settings are the same on the device and Security Manager, regardless of whether the time zone is the same. After setting the daylight saving time, synchronize the clock on the device with Security Manager so that both of them display the same time.
To obtain best results, we recommend that you set the same time zone on the device and Security Manager, and modify the time zone after you discover the certificates at a later time, if necessary.
Deleting Configuration File When Deleting Security Context
Problem Deleting a security context from an FWSM device in Security Manager removes the security context from the running configuration of the device, but it does not delete the associated configuration file. This can create problems if you later add another security context with the same name as the one that you previously deleted.
Solution This is a known issue for this type of device and is not connected to the behavior of Security Manager. The workaround is to use the CLI to delete the configuration file from the device.
Simultaneous Operations on the Same Device
Problem Simultaneous operations performed on the same device (that is, devices with the same IP address) produce inconsistent results. For example, deployment to the first device succeeds, but deployment to the second device fails. These simultaneous operations may be a combination of jobs executed by Security Manager, such as a deployment job, and user-initiated operations, such as discovering a live device. Problems can occur whether the operations are contained in the same job or in multiple jobs that are executed at the same time.
Solution The device locking mechanism in Security Manager is based on the device name, not the IP address. As a result, operations such as discovery and deployment can run into problems if two devices share the same IP address. This is especially true if you attempt one of these operations on both devices at the same time.
For example, if a deployment job contains two devices with the same IP address, deployment will be executed to both devices because the names are different. However, doing so is not recommended, as it might result in an incomplete or failed deployment. To ensure consistent results, we recommend against defining more than one device with the same IP address.
Troubleshooting the Setup of Configuration Engine-Managed Devices
The following topics describe issues that might arise when you set up a device managed by a Cisco Configuration Engine (also known as CNS) and how to solve them:
Q. Why does Configuration Engine deployment fail?
Not all versions of Configuration Engine function in a compatible manner. Because Security Manager does not verify the software version running on a Configuration Engine when you add it to the device inventory, you can add unsupported versions to the inventory. Then, when you try to deploy, you can run into unpredictable errors. Ensure that you are running a supported version of Configuration Engine, such as 3.0. For support information, see the supported devices information at _URL_
Q. Why do I receive an InvalidParameterException when I click on an IOS device on the Configuration Engine web page?
This is the expected behavior. For IOS devices, Security Manager uses deployment jobs to deploy configurations to Configuration Engine instead of associating a configuration to the IOS device in Configuration Engine. Therefore, you do not see an associated configuration when you click the device name on the Configuration Engine web page. For PIX devices, Security Manager associates the configuration to the device in Configuration Engine. Therefore, clicking the device name displays the associated configuration.
Q. Why am I getting the following error: com.cisco.netmgmt.ce.websvc.exec.ExecServiceException: [002-01003]]deviceName does not exists?
This error indicates that the device has not been added to Configuration Engine. It appears if you have not performed rollback or deployment in Security Manager (both of which add the device automatically), and have not manually added the device to Configuration Engine.
Q. Why am I getting the following error: com.cisco.netmgmt.ce.websvc.config.ConfigServiceException: [002-01003]]Device device id is not connected
The answer depends on the type of setup you are performing:
– Event mode setup—Make sure that the Configuration Engine device ID defined in the Device Properties window in Security Manager matches the device ID configured on the router (using the cns id string command).
– Call home mode setup—The device is not connected to Configuration Engine in this mode; therefore, all Security Manager operations that require the retrieval of the device configuration using Configuration Engine are not supported. This includes discovery, preview configuration, display running configuration, and connectivity tests (and rollback, for IOS devices).
Q


6 Words: RESPECT
Welcome Art.001
This series will allow you to explore and evaluate your own group's attitudes and means of being welcoming to visitors and new members as you encounter them. Its impact goes beyond attendance, of course, as it leads them to live lives that welcome others into relationship with God through their own examples of discipleship. Each session is threaded through scripture and group interaction as you learn to define what Welcome means to you.
Each session moves through three segments, Read, Discuss, & Discover in which you'll explore scripture, break into smaller groups to explore our theme and then come back together to learn from each other. 6 Words Of Welcome can be tailored to work from about 30 minutes up to an hour, depending upon participation and the amount of time you allow for discussion.
Individually and as a group, you'll examine how you exhibit
WELCOME: What does it even mean for your group to be welcoming? Is it that important?
ATMOSPHERE: What kinds of things contribute to a welcoming atmosphere? What makes the people in your group feel welcome in other places? How well do you do those things when you're together?
RESPECT: How does your group exhibit respect to new people? To existing members? To people outside of your group?
ACCEPTING: How welcome would a person of a different faith or practice of belief feel in your group?
SELFLESSNESS: Does your group have an obvious desire to put others before themselves? Why or why not? Why is this attitude in a life patterned after Christ?
COMMUNITY: How real is the bond between the individuals in your group? How obvious is that bond to others when they visit? Do they feel real support from each other beyond the walls of your meeting place?
Here's week 3:
6 Words: RESPECT (29)
Thanks for supporting us while we try to support you!
About Kevin Alton
_URL_ :: _URL_ :: _URL_
twitter _USER_
Speak Your Mind


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Merriam Webster defines curb weight as:
the weight of an automobile with standard equipment and fuel, oil, and coolant
Why is this weight called a vehicle's curb weight?
share|improve this question
This is given in the sense of "parked at the curb" (i.e., with no passengers or luggage, etc.). See curb weight. – Robusto Jan 9 '13 at 16:07
It's a bit like the street value of drugs :) – coleopterist Jan 9 '13 at 16:09
I agree with Robusto. Dry weight, unladen weight and tare weight are used too. – user32480 Jan 9 '13 at 17:05
2 Answers 2
up vote 4 down vote accepted
Definition and etymology
Curb weight (US) or kerb weight (UK) is the weight of a car parked at the kerb with standard equipment, oil, water, coolant, petrol but without passengers or goods. Some definitions say a full tank of petrol, but some just say some petrol. It comes from the idea of a car parked by the kerb and ready to go, but waiting for passengers and extra luggage.
The earliest example in the OED is of the UK spelling in 1958, but Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (2004) dates the US spelling to 1949 but I found examples in the early 1930s (and possibly in the late 1920s).
This is a snippet of Society of Automotive Engineers Transactions (1929), so the date could be wrong (but it looks ok). It contrasts "Curb weight, sedan" with a heavier "Weight, with driver and observer":
Curb weight, sedan 3300 lb.
Ignoring snippets, the first verifiable examples are from almost identical adverts in the April 1933 editions of Popular Science and Popular Mechanics:
The Pontiac Economy Straight Eight has a wheelbase of 1 1 5 inches; the curb weight (4-door Sedan) is 3265 pounds.Pontiac's 115' wheelbase and 4-door Sedan curb weight of 3265 pounds assure real big car riding comfort.
share|improve this answer
It's the weight of the vehicle, parked at the side of the road (at the curb), ready to go, but without any passengers or cargo.
share|improve this answer
I'm curious how the car got to the curb without fuel, oil, and coolant. :) – Luke Jan 9 '13 at 16:55
Curb weight includes those things. Compare "dry weight". – Alex Feinman Jan 9 '13 at 16:56
_USER_ Hah! You're right - I read the definition wrong. Then this does make sense. – Luke Jan 9 '13 at 16:57
Your Answer


text:
Food and nutrition are vital to health. Kiama Municipal Council is committed to creating supportive and sustainable environments where local community members can develop skills and knowledge about food and nutrition. Council has implemented several initiatives such as community gardens, cooking workshops, breast feeding friendly establishments and living classrooms that allow residents to access or produce safe and nutritional food sources.
Information regarding such food and nutrition initiatives is listed below:
Kiama Community Garden and Kiama Public School
Cheese, Vegetarian Cooking, Pickling and Preserving, Backyard Chook Keeping, No Dig Gardening, Starting a Backyard Veggie Patch, Introduction to Permaculture
Green Box Regional Food Co-Operative, South Coast Farm Gate Trail
Last updated: Thursday 16 August, 2012


Not logged in
Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science
Yoshikawa, Kenji; Nakamura, Toshio; Igarashi, Yaeko (2011): Investigation of pingos in Kuganguaq delta on Disko Island. doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.767446, Supplement to: Yoshikawa, K et al. (1996): Growth and collapse history of Pingos, Kuganguaq, Disko Island, Greenland. Polarforschung, 64(3), 109-113, hdl:10013/epic.29730.d001
RIS CitationBibTeX CitationShow MapGoogle Earth
The growth and collapse history of two pingos located approximately 18 m a.s.l, and 35 m a.s.l. in Kuganguag, Disko lsland, west-central Greenland were examined. The pingos of this area were formed on Tertiary basalt rocks. One of the pingos is located in the middle of an alluvial fan, the other is on a river bed. Both have already collapsed. The pingo on the river bed had already collapsed at least 3545±60 year BP (14C dating from base of the pond sediments in the pingo crater). Both pingos formed after the sea's retreat as permafrost developed in the newly exposed delta bottom.
Median Latitude: 70.255650 * Median Longitude: -53.916225 * South-bound Latitude: 70.229400 * West-bound Longitude: -53.919000 * North-bound Latitude: 70.264400 * East-bound Longitude: -53.915300
Date/Time Start: 1993-07-28T13:50:00 * Date/Time End: 1993-07-28T15:00:00
Delta_Pingo * Latitude: 70.264400 * Longitude: -53.915300 * Date/Time: 1993-07-28T15:00:00 * Location: Disko Island, West Greenland * Device: Geological sample (GEOS)
Fan_Pingo * Latitude: 70.229400 * Longitude: -53.919000 * Date/Time: 1993-07-28T13:50:00 * Location: Disko Island, West Greenland * Device: Geological sample (GEOS)
2 datasets
Download Data


text:
Alabama Standards (8th Grade) - 16. Design a personalized fitness plan.
Students create or capture a daily log of their physical activity using their cell phone, IPod or other hand held devices. Students will track their daily activity using these devices to determine the distance and intensity of their daily activities. Students will then develop a plan to increase their activity and use the devices to monitor the progress of their plan to increase their daily activity. Student will submit their logs electronically via email or they may print them out.


text:
Tip of the Month (September 2006)
Using a Lookup Control in a Macro
In the midst of a macro, you may want to use a lookup control to look up a value in another table. But macros can only contain buttons and a lookup control is not a button. Here's how to incorporate a lookup into your macro.
Let's assume that there is a support table called PRICES with two columns (PART_NUMBER and PRICE) and that PART_NUMBER is indexed.
Let's also assume that your macro has two buttons in it:
First, somewhere outside the visible part of your form, create a lookup control that will look in the PRICES table and find the record whose PART_NUMBER equals _USER_(10). This lookup control should save the value found in _USER_(20).
Then, modify your macro by adding one button to it:
Please note that you do not put the lookup control into the middle of the macro. You put the OPTION | RECALC button into the middle of the macro. The lookup control is not a step in the macro.
When the macro runs, the new OPTION | RECALC button will cause the lookup control to fire and put the value found into _USER_(20).


text:
Status and Trends of Biodiversity
Oman's land consists of gravel desert plains, sand and mountain ranges and coastal lines. Despite its arid climate, it is an area of relatively high biodiversity, especially in the regions with a higher level of precipitations. Terrestrial biodiversity is an important component of Oman's biodiversity as rangelands and woodlands are found to harbour a diverse array of plant species (more than 1208 have been identified so far)... More »
Number and Extent of Protected Areas
Oman has established four protected areas, accounting for 9.6% of the total land area of the country. Oman has also set up two marine protected areas.
Percentage of Forest Cover
Forests in Oman cover 2,000 ha and other wooded areas cover 1,303,000 ha.


The Cairo Trilogy
The topic The Cairo Trilogy is discussed in the following articles:
discussed in biography
 - TITLE: Naguib Mahfouz (Egyptian writer)
place in Arabic literature
 - TITLE: Arabic literature
 SECTION: The novel
 ...of ways. He started with the social realism of his "quarters" novels, each one set in a different section (quarter) of the old city of Cairo, which culminated in the justly famous Cairo Trilogy (1956–57). He then turned to a more symbolic mode in his novels of the 1960s (with examples such as Al-Liṣṣ wa al-kilāb...


Garden Area Calculator
1Determine How Many Square Feet You Have:
To determine how many square feet you have, you will use the formulas listed below to find area (A) - this mathematical formula will be different based on the shape of your garden. First, you will need to go outside and measure your garden bed. You will need to have the proper measurements handy, such as width (W), length (L), radius (R), base (B), or height (H).
Rectangular Garden Diagram
Rectangular/Square Garden
A rectangle and square both have four right angles. The area of a rectangle or square is found by multiplying the length (L) by the width (W).
Circular Garden Diagram
Circular Garden
A circle is a closed curve of which every point on the edge of the curve is the same distance from the center point. The area of a circle is the radius squared (R)x(R) multiplied by pi (~3.14). The radius is equal to one-half the diameter of the circle.
Oval Shaped Garden Diagram
Oval Shaped Garden
An oval has an elliptical, or egg-like, shape. The area of an oval is the length (L) multiplied by the width (W), multiplied by 0.8.
Triangular Garden
A triangle is a polygon with three sides. The area of a triangle is one-half the base (B) multiplied by the height (H).
Irregularly Shaped Garden Diagram
Irregularly Shaped Garden
To find the area of a large irregular shape, divide it into a series of smaller units equally spaced along a measured line. This method will calculate the area to within 5%.
 1. Determine the length line. This is the longest axis of the shape as shown in the image from point A to point B.
 2. Mark width lines along the A-B line into several segments of equal width. To ensure accuracy, use as many width lines as possible. The more irregular the shape, the more width lines you will need.
 3. Measure the width at each width line. In this example, there are 5 width lines: C, D, E, F and G.
 4. Calculate the area by adding all of the width lines together and multiplying the total by the distance between each line (C+D+E+F+G) x Segment Width.
2Decide How Many Bulbs You Need
Now that you know how many square feet you have, you will now determine how many bulbs you need to fill it! Use the table below to calculate how many bulbs you need per square feet. Multilply your square feet (sq ft) by the number of bulbs (# of bulbs) for your total number of bulbs needed. For example: If your garden is 10 square feet and you want to fill it with tulips, you will multiply: 10 (sq feet) x 5 (# of bulbs) to equal 50.
Type of Bulb Bulbs Per Square Foot
Tulips 5
Daffodils 4-5
Bearded Iris 1
Hyacinths 3-4
Dutch Iris 6-8
Allium (large/small) 1-2/8-12
Fritillaria 1-2
Muscari 14-18
Scilla 15-16


text:
A rib fracture is a break in a rib bone. Bruised muscles and ligaments often happen with a rib fracture. With a rib fracture, the lungs and other organs can be injured. More than one rib fracture after a trauma can indicate serious internal injury.
Rib fractures are caused by:
- A direct blow to the rib
- Crushing of the chest, such as in contact sports or a car accident
- Severe coughing incidents that can occur with lung problems or at high altitude
- Rib fractures in young children are often a sign of abuse
A risk factor is something that increases your chance of having an injury. Risk factors for breaking a rib include:
- Age: 65 years and older
- Difficulty doing activities of daily living
- Playing contact sports
- Having weak bones
- Having a chronic cough
Extreme repetitive upper body activity (less common), such as in:
- Throwing athletes
- Basketball players
- Weight lifters
- Having an occupation involving a lot of overhead lifting
- Having a history of rib or chest fracture
- Pain in the ribs or upper chest area
- Pain when coughing
- Swelling and bruising in the fracture area
- Severe local tenderness in the fracture area
- Internal bleeding
- Pain while breathing
The doctor will ask about your symptoms and how the injury occurred. He will examine your chest, lungs, and back.
Tests may include:
Rest and do not do physical activity until the pain has gone away.
Your doctor may suggest wearing a chest binder around your ribs to protect them. The binder will also help you breathe properly. It is very important to take some good breaths so that the lungs remain clear. Pneumonia can develop after rib fractures if you are not breathing deeply enough. If you play contact sports, you may need to wear a rib cage protector for 6-8 weeks when you return to playing.
Your doctor may recommend that you take one of the following drugs to help reduce inflammation and pain:
- Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil)
- Naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn)
- Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
As your ribs heal, a physical therapist can teach you breathing exercises. The therapist can also help you maintain range of motion in arm and shoulder joints.
Intercostal Nerve Blocks
Special injections with local anesthetic can temporarily relieve pain.
Sometimes a temporary epidural catheter is used to place anesthetic near the spinal cord and nerves. This can help severe cases. This is usually done for hospitalized patients.
Hospitalization is usually only needed if there are complications such as damage to chest organs in the chest.
Sometimes rib fractures cannot be prevented. To reduce your chance of fracturing a rib:
- Reviewer: John C. Keel, MD
- Review Date: 09/2012 -
- Update Date: 00/92/2012 -


Channels ▼
Bow To Your API Sensei!
Winner of the award for best use of Japanese martial arts in a technical branding campaign, SmartBear Software is stressing the importance of API testing with the launch of its "tool-agnostic" API Testing Dojo for API developers to gather information about all things API, understand the domain, learn best practices, and hone skills.
"The need for higher interconnectivity between apps is at an all-time high, and continues to grow at a rapid pace along with the use of APIs," said Matti Hjelm, product owner of SoapUI at SmartBear.
The API Testing Dojo is organized into three sections — World of API Testing, Best Practices, and Testing Katas, and covers everything from basic concepts like why test in the first place, to more advanced topics like how the DevOps trend affects quality and the QA professional, as well as the state of API security.
Numerous resources are available at the site, including recommended software tools, blogs, conference and event listings, technical articles, and more.
SmartBear is the owner of the SoapUI API testing tool. This open source tool allows testers to create and execute automated functional, compliant APIs, and load tests. For the API Testing Dojo, click here.
Related Reading
More Insights
Currently we allow the following HTML tags in comments:
Single tags
 Defines a single line break
 Defines a horizontal line
Matching tags
 Defines an anchor
 Defines bold text
 Defines big text
 Defines a long quotation
 Defines a table caption
 Defines a citation
 Defines computer code text
 Defines emphasized text
 Defines a border around elements in a form
 This is heading 1
 This is heading 2
 This is heading 3
 This is heading 4
 This is heading 5
 This is heading 6
 Defines italic text
 Defines a paragraph
 Defines preformatted text
 Defines a short quotation
 Defines sample computer code text
 Defines small text
 Defines a section in a document
 Defines strikethrough text
 Defines strikethrough text
 Defines strong text
 Defines subscripted text
 Defines superscripted text
 Defines underlined text


text:
ADDRESSING TOBACCO THROUGH ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE (ATTOC) APPROACH
The Addressing Tobacco Through Organizational Change (ATTOC) Approach is guided by seven core strategies and a 10-step process designed to help an agency systematically improve their tobacco addiction treatment for patients/clients and change their culture to better address tobacco. The ATTOC Approach is intended to be flexible to the unique needs, resources, and goals of any organization. Each organization begins at their own starting point based on what they have already accomplished and the resources available for this initiative.
Each organization determines their own Patient/Client, Staff, and Environmental goals and how to align these goals with their mission and other work. Examples of possible agency goals in each of the three areas include:
Patient/Client goals – reduce rates of tobacco addiction through improved treatment planning, referral, and treatment on site.
Staff goals – reduce rates of tobacco addiction among staff; provide staff with training and support to achieve patient/client goals.
Environmental goals – initially restrict tobacco use on campus to reduce Environmental Tobacco Smoke, improve health for all, and reduce triggers for those trying to quit, with a longer-term goal for a tobacco-free campus.
The ATTOC Approach includes 7 Core Strategies:
The 7 Core Strategies are used by the UMass ATTOC Consultation Team in conjunction with the agency's Tobacco Leadership team and Champion(s) in order to prepare the agency to begin the intervention and to support them in accomplishing the 10 Steps:
Meetings and activities to prepare for the start of the intervention.
On-site consultation at the agency, including Environmental Scan and training.
Formation of the agency's Addressing Tobacco Leadership Group.
Formation of work groups to implement the agency's change plan and achieve their Patient/Client, Staff, and Environmental goals through specific strategies and tactics.
Identification and coaching of a Tobacco Treatment Specialist(s) at the local agency.
Ongoing phone consultations and emails to provide ongoing technical assistance.
- Web-based supports.
The ATTOC 10 Steps occur in 3 Phases:
Phase One (includes Steps 1 through 5) focuses on planning for change. In this phase, the organization establishes a solid foundation for addressing tobacco addiction by identifying the leadership team and work groups that will guide it through the change process, developing goals, and adopting strategies for communicating these goals to stakeholders.
In Phase Two (Steps 6-8), the organization implements the planned changes to achieve the Patient/Client, Staff, and Environmental goals through a range of strategies and tactics.
In Phase Three (Steps 9-10), the agency integrates and sustains change by ensuring the infrastructure exists to maintain the agency's progress over time, including developing policies and standard operating procedures to support long term change.
OVERVIEW OF THE 10 STEPS BY PHASE
1. Planning Phase (Steps 1 – 5) - Prepare and Organize
Step 1: Establish a Sense of Urgency and Preliminary Organizational Goals
Step 2: Establish a Leadership group and Prepare for Change
Step 3: Assess Organizational Readiness and do Environmental Scan
Step 4: Develop Written Change Plan and Realistic Time-Line
Step 5: Develop Written Communication Plan and Materials to Disseminate
2. Implementing Phase (Steps 6 – 8) - Change, Integrate, and Adapt
Step 6: Implement Patient/Clients Goals: Assessment, Treatment, and Empowerment
Step 7: Implement Staff Goals: Training and Staff Recovery
Step 8: Implement Environmental Goals: End or Restrict Tobacco Use
3. Sustaining Phase (Steps 9 – 10) - Document, Monitor, and Sustain
Step 9: Document Changes in Policies and Standard Operating Procedures
Step 10: Support, Encourage, and Sustain Organizational Change


text:
Website Pharma-Safe Industrial Services
Bio Sample Collectors are responsible for:
- Site preparation and monitoring of locations where biological samples are being obtained, managed, processed, documented, or packaged and transported to laboratory location
- Health, hygiene, and procedural integrity of the location(s) for which they have been assigned.
- Overseeing, conducting, & training Assistant Collector personnel in the field while conducting related services.
- Reports to COM daily.
- Ensuring the workspace is returned to normal/secured appropriately at the completion of episodic collection services.
- Knowledge of basic information regarding the use, value, handling of biological samples
- Knowledge of basic computer operations
- Possess verbal and written English skills suitable to function in an operational setting
- Possess basic mathematical capacity and comprehension
- Possess leadership and soft skills such as interpersonal communication, patient, active listening, and ability to manage conflict
- Detail oriented, to include ability to systematically address factors according to a prescribed methodology
- Team oriented, to include ability to understand dynamics of and how to keep motivation and moral high
- Growth (personal and professional) oriented, to include ability to quickly learn new processes, understand and apply process for feedback (positive/negative)
- Process oriented, to include ability to work in and train personnel on procedural integrity/discipline and time management
- Knowledge of HIPPA compliance and patient confidentiality
- Ability to handle biological samples (urine, saliva, mucous, and blood)
- Ability to arrive at designed work location(s) as scheduled
- Ability to stand for prolonged periods of time
- Ability to bend over at the waist multiple time per shift
- Ability to squat and lift then walk with 25 pounds in one or both arms.
- Ability to wear designated face mask for prolonged periods of time
- Ability to pass background check, physical, and DOT/NDOT drug screen
Education and Experience:
- High-school diploma
- State certified and active Paramedic or similar in the state in which services are being provided (national certification recommended).
- Current Basic Life Support (BLS) card from any of the state accepted agencies licensed to provide this level of training.
- One (1) year of experience at the Paramedic level or at the level of health care provider otherwise accepted by management for this position.
- Otherwise candidates capable of meeting the above and based on the availability of positions, once hired, shall be trained:
- To use the appropriate Personnel Protective Equipment (PPE) within the boundaries and expectations of PSIS policy
- To conduct and process biological samples using PSIS provided devices within the federal guidelines under which their use are approved
- To manage testing sites and the associated processes within the boundaries and expectations of PSIS policy
- To understand and comply with the boundaries and expectations set forth in the PSIS Blood Born Pathogens (BBP) program
- To understand and comply with any guidelines established by the specific client(s) this position is designated to support
- To successfully operate as an employee within the PSIS system
Submit resume: [email protected]
To apply for this job email your details to _EMAIL_


text:
- Rolling - Sphero can roll at a given speed and heading for a given amount of time.
- Colors - Sphero can light up in almost any color.
- Bluetooth - Sphero connects to mobile devices such as iPad, iPhone, and Android phones through bluetooth connections. This allows Sphero to be controlled by multiple apps.
Sphero believes what you play with inspires who you become. With Sphero, the fun extends into the classroom. Kids as young as 8 can learn how to program using Sphero, bringing their work into another dimension and real life application.
- Learning percentages by mixing colors at different levels
- Using Sphero to recreate geometric shapes
- Adjusting Sphero to meet a specific fraction
- Command Sphero to perform a series of logical steps and navigate a course
|Images Courtesy Of SPRK Lesson 1|
The first lesson on measuring distance asks students to experiment measuring speed and distance using the Sphero robot ball and a piece of tape on the floor. Using easy to follow step by step directions, the students will use both experimentation and math to learn about linear relationships and the fact that when something travels twice as long at the same speed, it will travel twice as far.
Some of the features of Sphero that I find most appealing are:
- No charging cables, which can often overwhelm classroom space
- It's waterproof, and durable enough for your pets to play with
- The lessons provided within SPRK are aligned to the common core
- multiple players can interact using multiple Spheros during the same game
- Sphero loves creativity. Currently you can win a Sphero and an iPad for your classroom from Sphero for sharing your creative classroom. Click here to learn more
- Sphero is also an amazing gaming device


text:
Knowing the right hand stitches is what gives your garments that couture touch. Plus, hand stitching is relaxing and satisfying! In this hands-on workshop, an overview of the most common stitches used in clothing construction will be provided: running stitch, slip stitch, fell stitch, catch stitch, pad stitch, pick stitch, back stitch, stab stitch, basting stitches, buttonhole stitch, blanket stitch, hand overcastting and whipstitch. An introduction to various threads that can be used, the best needles for hand stitching, using beeswax to strengthen your thread, and knots will be discussed. Students will leave with their own samples of each stitch so they can refer back to them in crucial construction moments!
*No Sewing Machine Needed


text:
Dr. Laura Hills, the founder of Blue Pencil Institute, began her career as a writer and editor who had occasion to use a blue pencil in her work. Back then, a light blue pencil was used to show corrections to written copy. The color blue was used specifically because it didn't show in some lithographic and photographic processes. Dr. Hills would "blue pencil" galleys (strips) of typeset text for her articles and books to indicate to the printer which corrections, deletions, and improvements she wanted to make. The printer would then review the corrections, make the necessary changes, and the blue pencil markings would disappear in the final printing.
Dr. Hills named her institute for the blue pencil of her past for several reasons. The institute provides educational programs, learning tools, and one-on-one and team coaching to help career professionals improve themselves. But like the blue pencil of long ago, it does so behind the scenes and invisibly. The color blue also has meaning as it is the color most associated with inspiration and truth, two of Dr. Hills' core values. Dr. Hills also believed that the pencil, as one of the simplest communication tools, would stand as a symbol of the personalized human touch that Blue Pencil Institute provides to each of the career professionals it serves.
With the introduction of electronic editing using word processors and desktop publishing, literal blue pencils are rarely seen today. However, they still exist in metaphor. At Blue Pencil Institute, career professionals learn how to "blue pencil" their careers and their lives to move ahead, become more productive and effective, and find greater satisfaction in their work.


text:
Aspects of gender mutation in Welsh
Research on the acquisition of grammatical gender has shown that for many languages, children gain an early command of gender. However, often in these languages gender marking is quite overt and provides a clear one-to-one correspondence between a marker and the gender encoded. In Welsh, gender marking is more complex. Gender is marked by mutations, a set of morphophonological changes that affect the initial consonants of words, and the mapping between mutation and gender is quite opaque. Two mutation types are used in part to mark feminine gender: both feminine nouns modified by the definite article and adjectives following feminine nouns undergo Soft Mutation, and the feminine gender of the possessive adjective ei is marked by Aspirate Mutation on the modified noun. The four studied in this thesis examined children's productive command of gender as expressed in the mutation of nouns modified by the definite article, of adjectives modifying nouns, and of nouns modified by the homonymic feminine and masculine possessive adjective. Mutation in non-gendered contexts was also examined. Subjects were 4- to 9 1I2-year-old children from North Wales. First, a seminaturalistic study was conducted to obtain knowledge about children's ability with gender marking. A Cloze procedure was also used to elicit children's production of masculine and feminine forms, both real words and nonsense forms, in a variety of linguistic contexts. Some of these contexts provided cues to gender status, some did not. The data obtained indicated that the acquisition of the Welsh gender system is a drawn-out process, and children have not mastered the system even by 9 112years of age. In addition, children become proficient in marking feminine nouns modified by the definite article and adjectives modifying feminine nouns before they do so on nouns modified by feminine ei. Results suggest that when a language has a complex gender system that is marked by opaque morpho-phonological processes the course of development is protracted and variable.


text:
Bounded mean oscillation
In harmonic analysis, a function of bounded mean oscillation, also known as a BMO function, is a real-valued function whose mean oscillation is bounded (finite). The space of functions of bounded mean oscillation (BMO), is a function space that, in some precise sense, plays the same role in the theory of Hardy spaces Hp that the space L∞ of essentially bounded functions plays in the theory of Lp-spaces: it is also called John–Nirenberg space, after Fritz John and Louis Nirenberg who introduced and studied it for the first time.
- 1 Historical note
- 2 Definition
- 3 Basic properties
- 4 Generalizations and extensions
- 5 Examples
- 6 Notes
- 7 Bibliography
- 8 References
According to Nirenberg (1985, p. 703 and p. 707), the space of functions of bounded mean oscillation was introduced by John (1961, pp. 410–411) in connection with his studies of mappings from a bounded set Ω belonging to ℝn into ℝn and the corresponding problems arising from elasticity theory, precisely from the concept of elastic strain: the basic notation was introduced in a closely following paper by John & Nirenberg (1961), where several properties of this function spaces were proved. The next important step in the development of the theory was the proof by Charles Fefferman of the duality between BMO and the Hardy space H1, in the noted paper Fefferman & Stein 1972: a constructive proof of this result, introducing new methods and starting a further development of the theory, was given by Akihito Uchiyama.
- |Q| is the volume of Q, i.e. its Lebesgue measure
- uQ is the average value of u on the cube Q, i.e.
Note. The use of cubes Q in ℝn as the integration domains on which the mean oscillation is calculated, is not mandatory: Wiegerinck (2001) uses balls instead and, as remarked by Stein (1993, p. 140), in doing so a perfectly equivalent of definition of functions of bounded mean oscillation arises.
BMO functions are locally p–integrable
BMO functions are locally Lp if 0 < p < ∞, but need not be locally bounded.
BMO is a Banach space
The supremum of the mean oscillation is called the BMO norm of u and is denoted by ||u||BMO (and in some instances it is also denoted ||u||*). The function ||u||BMO becomes a norm on BMO functions after quotienting out by the constant functions (which have BMO norm 0).
Averages of adjacent cubes are comparable
As the name suggests, the mean or average of a function in BMO shouldn't oscillate very much when computing it over cubes close to each other in position and scale. To be more precise, if Q and R are dyadic cubes such that their boundaries touch and the sidelength of Q is no less than one-half the sidelength of R, then
where C>0 is some universal constant. This property is, in fact, equivalent to f being in BMO, that is, if f is a locally integrable function such that |fR-fQ|≤C for all dyadic cubes Q and R adjacent in the sense described above, then f is in BMO and its BMO norm is proportional to the constant C.
The John–Nirenberg Inequality
The John–Nirenberg Inequality is an estimate that governs how far a function of bounded mean oscillation may deviate from its average by a certain amount.
There are constants c1,c2 > 0 such that whenever f ∈ BMO(ℝn), then for any cube Q in ℝn,
Conversely, if this inequality holds over all cubes with some constant C in place of ||f||BMO, then f is in BMO with norm at most a constant times C.
A consequence: the distance in BMO to L∞
The John-Nirenberg inequality can actually give more information than just the BMO norm of a function. For a locally integrable function f, let A(f) be the infimal A>0 for which
The John–Nirenberg inequality implies that A(f)≤C||f||BMO for some universal constant C. For an L∞ function, however, the above inequality will hold for all A>0. In other words, A(f)=0 if f is in L∞. Hence the constant A(f) gives us a way of measuring how far a function in BMO is from the subspace L∞. This statement can be made more precise: there is a constant C, depending only on the dimension n, such that for any function f ∈ BMO(ℝn) the following two-sided inequality holds
Generalizations and extensions
The spaces BMOH and BMOA
When the dimension of the ambient space is 1, the space BMO can be seen as a subspace of harmonic functions on the unit disk and plays a major role in the theory of Hardy spaces: by using definition 2, it is possible to define the BMO(T) space on the unit circle as the space of functions such that
unit disk is said to belong to the Harmonic BMO or in the BMOH space if and only if it is the Poisson integral of a BMO(T) function. Therefore BMOH is the space of all functions u with the form:An Analytic function on the
equipped with the norm:
The subspace of analytic functions belonging BMOH is called the Analytic BMO space or the BMOA space.
BMOA as the dual space of H1(D)
Charles Fefferman in his original paper proved that the real BMO space is dual to the real valued harmonic Hardy space on the upper half-space ℝn×. Today in the theory of Complex and Harmonic analysis the following - modern - approach for analytic functions, is more often considered. Let Hp(D) be the Analytic Hardy space on the unit Disc. For p = 1 we identify (H1)* with BMOA by pairing f ∈H1(D) and g ∈ BMOA using the anti-linear transformation Tg
Notice that although the limit always exists for an H1 function f and Tg is an element of the dual space (H1)*, since the transformation is anti-linear, we don't have an isometric isomorphism between (H1)* and BMOA. However one can obtain an isometry if they consider a kind of space of conjugate BMOA functions.
The space VMO
The space VMO of functions of vanishing mean oscillation is the closure in BMO of the continuous functions that vanish at infinity. It can also be defined as the space of functions whose "mean oscillations" on cubes Q are not only bounded, but also tend to zero uniformly as the radius of the cube Q tends to 0 or infinity. The space VMO is a sort of Hardy space analogue of the space of continuous functions vanishing at infinity, and in particular the real valued harmonic Hardy space H1 is the dual of VMO.
The Dyadic BMO space
Let Δ denote the set of dyadic cubes in ℝn. The space dyadic BMO, written BMOd is the space of functions satisfying the same inequality as for BMO functions, only that the supremum is over all dyadic cubes. This supremum is sometimes denoted ||•||BMOd.
This space is contained in but still distinct from BMO as it depends greatly on the position of the dyadic cubes. In particular, the function log(x)χ[0,∞) is a function that is in dyadic BMO but not in BMO. However, if a function f is such that ||f(•-x)||BMOd≤C for all x in ℝn for some C>0, then by the one-third trick f is also in BMO.
Although dyadic BMO is a much narrower class than BMO, many theorems that are true for BMO are much simpler to prove for dyadic BMO, and in some cases one can recover the original BMO theorems by proving them first in the special dyadic case.
Examples of BMO functions include the following:
- All bounded (measurable) functions. If f is in L∞, then ||f||BMO≤2||f||∞: however, the converse is not true as the following example shows.
- The function log(|P|) for any polynomial P that is not identically zero: in particular, this is true also for |P(x)|=|x|.
- If w is an A∞ weight, then log(w) is BMO. Conversely, if f is BMO, then eδf is an A∞ weight for δ>0 small enough: this fact is a consequence of the John-Nirenberg Inequality.
- ^ Aside with the collected papers of Fritz John, a general reference for the theory of functions of bounded mean oscillation, with also many (short) historical notes, is the noted book by Stein (1993, chapter IV).
- ^ The paper (John 1961) just precedes the paper (John & Nirenberg 1961) in volume 14 of the Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics.
- ^ Elias Stein credits only Fefferman for the discovery of


text:
Microsoft Clippy (aka "Office Assistant" or "Clipit") is a feature remembered by many users of Microsoft Word. It assisted users by way of an interactive animated character, which interfaced with Office's online Help. Although the concept of "embedded" or "persistent" Help was good, its application in the real-life working environment was not well received.
With more and more people reading information via tablets and mobile phones, and with the new technologies they contain, perhaps it's time to revisit the concept of Clippy. Perhaps it can be done right this time?
There are two technologies that tablets and mobile phones contain which are worth considering. One is haptic feedback, the other is ambient technology.
- Haptic feedback is technology that interfaces with the user through the sense of touch – typically through your device vibrating.
- Ambient technology refers to electronic environments that are sensitive and responsive to the presence of people.
An example from the e-learning environment is Evernote Peek, which makes use of the iPad's Smart Cover to present information.
Perhaps instead of an animated character clamouring for our attention, a more subtle notification by a vibration or a glowing button might be a better way to tell users help is available that can guide them through their task.
We're not aware of any User Assistance that is using haptic or ambient technologies today, so do let us know if you've seen any examples out there.


Norse Greenland: Viking Peasants in the Arctic
How could a community of 2000â€"3000 Viking peasants survive in Arctic Greenland for 430 years (ca. 985â€"1415), and why did they finally disappear? European agriculture in an Arctic environment encountered serious ecological challenges. The Norse peasants faced these challenges by adapting
amazon buy now
Leave a Reply


1. Home
 2. Knowledge Base
 3. Dog Care
 4. Terminology: Pre-spoiled puppies
Terminology: Pre-spoiled puppies
It's likely you'll see certain jargon in our dog ads, and some you may not be 100% sure what they are talking about. One question we got today was to explain what it means when an ad says that the puppies have been 'pre-spoiled'.
Generally this means that the puppies have had a lot of handling and hands on time when they were newly born. These puppies are well socialised with humans (hopefully also children) and they have had a lot of play time with humans. It's important for dogs to be socialised with other dogs and humans from an early age. The more the better in fact. Pre-spoiling heightens the bond between dogs and humans. Puppies that are spoiled tend to want more human attention.
When you are buying a dog or puppy it's important to ask the owner about how they were raise when in the first few weeks of their development. Did they stay inside or where they kept outside in kennels?
Puppy phases
As a puppy goes between the ages of 4-8 weeks they will start to require different types of attention. They being to walk around more, explore their environment and test limits with their littler mates. This is also a key step in the development for a dog. It's important that they get enough attention and given enough mental stimulation. This is also the stage where a puppy is weaned off its mothers milk.
At this stage they can also be introduced to some basic crate training and pee pads training. If you are intending on crate training your dog we'd recommend you discuss if this can be given some consideration as the puppy is doing some early training. Introduction puppies to different environments in a safe way is definitely important.
Note: Caution does need to be taken with things like canine parvovirus (parvo), so bringing a puppy to a dog park is a big no-no until they have all the right shots.
Why you should want a pre-spoiled dog
Many owners say that pre-spoiled dogs are easier to train, and that they tend to be better around children. Don't forget that you will need to start to train your puppy from an early age and teaching them where to go to the toilet, or act on a lease is a skill that should be done straight away. Dogs need to learn who is the boss, and what is their place in the household. A little bit of early training can make all the difference to a dog. The saying 'You can't teach an old dog new tricks' does run true, especially if they haven't been trained from an early age.
Pre-spoiling is only one aspect that you should look for when buying a dog. Also ask the owner for more information on the dam and sire of the dog (mother & father). You should try to find out how many litters they have bred from both already, and if there was any issues. In the best case you should make an effort to see both the Dam & Sire and if they have any dogs from earlier litters. Note the age of the dogs and the condition they are in, and ask about any health issues that they have had over the course of their years.
Updated on October 10, 2020
Was this article helpful?
Related Articles
Leave a Comment


Paolo Veronese
Resize Text
pen and ink drawing of religious figure carrying cross, drawing repeated twice
Paolo Veronese (1528–88)
Studies for Christ Carrying the Cross
c. 1571
Pen and gray-brown ink and wash
Samuel Courtauld Trust: Princes Gate Bequest, 1978
Many of Veronese's drawings are in pen and ink and were made to assist the artist in developing his compositions. This example is related to a painting of Christ carrying the Cross and records two ideas for the central scene of Christ and his tormentors. Figures and compositions almost merge into one another, conveying a sense of the excitement and speed with which the artist worked.


REBOL Programming/Design Guide/Scripts start with a header
< REBOL Programming | Design Guide
Headers provide a consistent way to to give your script an official title and filename.
Take advantage of them. They can save you and others time by explaining:
 - what a script does
 - who wrote it
 - when it was last modified
 - how it should be used
 - its change history, and more.
Headers also provide reliable search information for libraries, archives, and search engines.


text:
Navigate the topics on the left to learn more about various aspects of using Flickr.
Flickr is a convenient way to share both promotional and educational materials with your web audience. Some ways University units can use Flickr:
- Keep group photo albums on record to re-purpose with other social media.
- Supplement educational content with photo albums and visual resources.
- Use a Flickr World map to create virtual field trips, recording events and providing visual content in a geographic format.
- Create scientific diagrams by labeling hotspots in your photos with more information.
Tools for Uploading Photos
Flickr provides a useful uploading tool called Uploadr. It allows users to add titles, tags and descriptions, add stuff to sets and reorder things directly in the Uploadr before they are sent to Flickr. Uploadr may be helpful to University units who are submitting large numbers of photos to Flickr.


text:
Easter Basket Scene
SUPPLIES & TOOLS:
- Cricut Expression® 2 Electronic Cutting Machine
- Cricut® Everyday Cartridge, Create a Critter 2
- Cardstock: yellow, orange, gray, light blue, blue pattern, white pattern, cream pattern
- Easter basket
- Shredded paper
- Black marker
- Hole punch
1. Place foam in basket. Cover with shredded paper.
2. Create chick. Using Create a Critter 2 cartridge and yellow cardstock, cut two 3" . Using orange cardstock, select Layer feature, press Shift, and cut one 3" . Discard stripes. Adhere beak to one chick. Use black marker to create eyes. Adhere dowel between chicks. Place dowel in foam.
3. Create eggs. Using blue pattern cardstock, select Shadow/Icon Shadow feature, press Shift, and cut one 2" . Using white pattern cardstock, select Shadow/Icon Shadow feature, press Shift, and cut one 1-1/2" . Adhere dowels between eggs. Place dowels in foam.
4. Create banner. Using white pattern cardstock, select Accessory feature, press Shift, and cut one 2" . Repeat cut using blue pattern and cream pattern cardstock. Punch holes in top corners of triangles. Thread triangles on string and tie to basket handle.
5. Create cloud and phrase. Using gray cardstock, select Phrase feature and cut two 2-1/2" . Using light blue cardstock, select Phrase feature and cut one 1-1/4" . Adhere phrase to one cloud. Adhere dowel between clouds. Place dowel in foam.
6. Embellish as desired.


Question: What Is The Difference Between AB And Line With AB Over It?
What does the line over two letters mean?
The bar over the two letters indicates it is a line segment, rather than a line, which goes on forever in both directions.
By a single letter.
The segment above would be called simply "y"..
What is difference between line segment and line?
Roughly, we can say that a line is an infinitely thin, infinitely long collection of points extending in two opposite directions. … A line segment has two endpoints. It contains these endpoints and all the points of the line between them. You can measure the length of a segment, but not of a line.
How do you write line AB?
A line is one-dimensional and has no width. It is identified by naming two points on the line or by writing a lowercase letter of choice after the line. The notation, for example, AB (written with a line symbol <---> over the letters), is read as "line AB" and refers to the line that has points A and B.
What does Ray AB look like?
Naming of rays Recall that points are usually labelled with single upper-case (capital) letters. There is a shorthand way of writing this: This is read as "ray AB". The arrow over the two letters indicates it is a ray, and the arrow direction indicates that A is the point where the ray starts.
What are points on the same line called?
Three or more points that lie on the same line are collinear points. Example : The points A, B and C lie on the line m.
How do you write segment AB?
In geometry, you will write a line segment using the letters for each of the end points and a line over the top of the letters. For example, if your end points were A and B, then you would write your line segment AB with a line over the top.
How many ways can a line be named?
12 waysline, line, line, and line. Therefore, in 12 ways the line l can be named using only these points A, B, C, and D, if different order implies different name. A plane can be named using any three non collinear points on the same plane.
Why are points lines and planes important?
The concepts of points, lines, planes, line segments, and rays are crucial for creating a great foundation on which to understand Geometry. The symbolism is particularly important. … A Point is a place in space that has no dimension. It is represented by a dot and is labeled with a capital letter.
What is another name for Line AB?
Collinear points are points that lie on the same line. Coplanar points are points that lie in the same plane. Line AB (written as ) passes through points A and B. The line segment AB, or segment AB (written as ), consists of the endpoints A and B and all points on between A and B.
What does AB mean in math?
Common Symbols Used in GeometryMeaningExampleIn WordsLine Segment "AB"ABThe line segment between A and BLine "AB"The infinite line that includes A and BRay "AB"The line that starts at A, goes through B and continues onCongruent (same shape and size)ABC DEFTriangle ABC is congruent to triangle DEF8 more rows
What does V with a line over it mean?
v = ∆s. ∆t. The bar over the v indicates an average or a mean and the ∆ (delta) symbol indicates a change. Read it as "vee bar is delta vee over delta tee".
What does line AB mean?
A line is one of the basic terms in geometry. … We write the name of a line passing through two different points A and B as "line AB" or as, the two-headed arrow over AB signifying a line passing through points A and B.
Does a line have an end?
A line has no end points. A line segment has two endpoints. A line segment connects both endpoints. If the two lines cannot meet at any point, they are called parallel lines.
What is a line with two arrows called?
How do you show parallel lines?
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then corresponding angles are congruent. If two lines are cut by a transversal and corresponding angles are congruent, then the lines are parallel.


23 Januar bis 24. Januar 2017
HOT POTS (What Artists Cook Up in Clay)
Lynda Bengalis
Credit: Nancy R. Schiff, Getty Images.
What is that attract some artists to clay? How have they used it in their works? Artist Betty Woodman once say that there is a simple reason why she decided to use clay in her work: »out of nothing, you make something— it's magic.« Making, firing, glazing. The magic of clay is the supernatural of everyday life. For millennia, clay has been used to make all kinds of things: from simple tools like pots, pans, and plates to jewels, statuettes and tools for religious rituals. Using clay can become a ritual dance: for instance, for artist Lynda Benglis working with clay is like dancing: »I feel the clay; I am the clay… I am the material and what I am doing is embracing it and allowing it to take form.« Like Benglis, artists Betty Woodman and Mary Heilmann too made the process of working with clay and producing ceramics as sort of ritual dance that, over the years, has allowed them to reinvent a tradition that have been around for centuries. During the workshop we will look at the ceramic production of Benglis, Woodman and Heilmann, and how this particular type of artistic production relates to their more general interests and artistic practices.
23 January 2017 // Mon 7 pm // Geleitsstraße, EG
Tiefsee*Film with Federica Bueti
24 January 2017 // Tue 10 am // Geleitsstraße, EG


When a Resource has proposed an alternate date for a task and you want to reject this date and assign the task to a different Resource.
Step-by-step guide
 1. Go to the Task Details page
 2. Click on the drop down arrow next to the 'Accept Date' button
 3. Click 'Reject Date'
 4. In the popup window click 'Reject' button
 The task will now be split into 2 tasks.
 1. The Resource that was originally allocated the task will be sent an email notification that the proposed alternate date was rejected and the task will be at status 'Rejected' in the rejected task list for the Resource.
 2. The original task will be set back to status 'Unplanned' and move to the Future task list with the Resource field now blank.
 To assign this task to another resource use Reassign a Task after rejecting the alternate date proposed.


Battle of the Badger Mouth
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Battle of the Badger Mouth
Part of the Mongol–Jin War
Date August--October 1211
Location North China, Zhangjiakou
Result Decisive Mongol victory
Mongol Empire Jin Dynasty
Commanders and leaders
Genghis Khan
Yelü Tuhwa
Emperor Weishaowang of Jin
Dujis Qiannu
Wanyan Jojin
Wanyan Chenyu
Hersle Whosawho
Wanyan Gauqi
Ming An
Tu Danyear
Puxian Wannu
90,000-110.000 cavalry[1] 350,000 infantry
150,000 Cavalry
Casualties and losses
moderately heavy heavy (500,000 men)
The Battle of the Badger Mouth (simplified Chinese: 獾儿嘴及野狐岭战役; traditional Chinese: 獾兒嘴及野狐嶺戰役; the Campaign of the Badger Mouth and Wild Fox Peak) was the major decisive battle in the first stage of the Mongol–Jin War.
In 1210, Genghis Khan insulted Emperor Weishaowang by publicly stating that he was a coward and unfit to be a leader. Genghis added, "The emperor should be a man from sky like me." Soon, news spread to the Jin emperor through a Jin officer. The Jin emperor was enraged and ordered the execution of the Mongolian ambassador. Tensions between the Jin and the Mongols started to escalate and Genghis Khan declared war with the Jin.
The Mongolian army amassed 90,000 men for the offensive force in the expedition against the emperor in March 1211. Genghis Khan only maintained a defending force of 2,000 guards in Mongolia. This means that well over 90% of the available forces in Mongolia at the time were mobilized for this campaign. Before the expedition, Genghis Khan conducted a religious ritual with his troops by praying to Tengri along the Kherlen River for victory and made a vow to avenge his ambassador, Ambaghai Khan, who was betrayed by the Tartar and executed by the Jin court.
Jin army[edit]
The Jin army included:
1. Border troops: recently defeated by Mongolia at the Battle of Wushabao several months before the campaign, the border troops had withdrawn to Badger Mouth. Their total strength amounted to 100,000 and were led by 1st Prime Minister Du Qiannu.
2. Main troops: their strength amounted to 250,000 and chief commander of the army was field marshal Wanyan Chenyu, 2nd Prime Minister and general Ming An. Most of the troops hailed from the capital.
3. Reinforcement troops: emergency troops from all corners of Jin country, their strength amounted to 150,000 and the commander was vice field marshal Hersle Whosawho, an ambitious man. He was to defend Datong with his reinforcements.
This campaign included a series of five battles that took place from May to October, 1211:
1. Battle of Wushabao (烏沙堡戰役): May–June.
2. Battle of Datong (大同攻防戰): lasted seven days in August.
Genghis Khan ordered his three elder sons and general Yelü Tuhwa into battle. Each of his sons commanded 10,000 cavalry. A total of 30,000 cavalry besieged the city in order to cover the side line of the Genghis Khan's troops and cut off Jin's reinforcements to capital.
3. Badger Mouth Campaign (獾兒嘴及野狐嶺戰役): occurred in August.
This pass leads directly to Jin's capital and was attacked by Genghis Khan with a commanding force of 60,000.
4. Battle of Guihebao (澮河堡戰役): happened in October and the combat lasted three days.
5. The Mongol occupation of Juyongguan:
Jin's 3rd Prime Minister Tu Danyi (徒單鎰) successfully defended the capital with a commanding force of 20,000, signalling the end of the campaign.
Battle of Wushabao[edit]
Wushabao is located at the present city of Ulanqab. Through the years, Jin's 1st Prime Minister Dujis Qiannu ordered the construction line of a series of single fortifications to oversee the Mongols, but this tactic turns out to be faulty, even though they maintain their stability on the border. Wushabao was one of the largest and most important fortresses at the time.
Jebe attacked Wushabao and achieved no success. He changed his tactics by attacking Wushabao's reinforcement base. With the fall of the base, Jebe manage to capture Wushabao. Hearing the news, a senior official of Jin (a rank below prime minister) led the troops into retreat from the neighboring three counties to Badger Mouth. The retreat provided a golden opportunity for Jebe and soon the three counties were captured with ease.
Battle of the Badger Mouth[edit]
To combat the Mongol advance, the Jin withdrew soldiers from cities for hundreds of miles, resulting in a combined force of approximately 400,000 to 500,000 soldiers being stationed at Badger Mouth. However, the Jin were overly confident in the defensive position of the pass; Genghis eventually circumvented Jin defenses by sending his men over the peaks surrounding the pass, allowing him to encircle the much larger Jin army. As Genghis attacked the front of the Jin army at the entrance to the pass, his forces simultaneously routed the Jin cavalry from behind. The encircling force then proceeded to attack the supply camps in the rear of the Jin army, resulting in the slaughter of many resting Jin soldiers. When Jin forces in the front lines of the battle were eventually pushed into retreat by the bulk of the Mongol army, the subsequent chaos resulted in the slaughter of even more Jin soldiers.
Following the battle, the general of the Jin army retreated to the central Jin capital of Zhongdu (modern day Beijing) and assassinated the emperor, and assumed control of the city. After a four-year Mongol siege, which saw the residents of Beijing reduced to cannibalism in order to survive, the city finally surrendered. The Jin were allowed to retain control of Zhongdu, but were forced to pay a large tribute in return. The following summer, Jin Emperor Xuānzōng (宣宗) abandoned Zhongdu and moved the government to the "southern capital" of Kaifeng. While the Jin maintained a grasp on power for several more years, the empire was severely weakened, and eventually capitulated to a combined Mongol and Song force in 1234.[2]
After this battle and campaign, the Jin dynasty lost half of its 950,000 troops. Roughly ten Jin cities were plundered by the Mongols and Genghis Khan ordered a tribute of 500 males, 500 virgins and 3000 horses to be taken back to the Mongolian plains.
In spite of the defeat, Jin prioritized conquering the Song dynasty over defending its borders against future Mongol incursions and invasions.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Mongol Warrior 1200–1350 Publisher: Osprey Publishing
 2. ^ Beck, Sanderson. "China 7 BC To 1279". China, Korea & Japan to 1800. Retrieved 30 March 2013.


text:
Computer Program Detail Page
written by Drew Onken
The Solar Photon Random Walk Model simulates the path of photons in radiative transport as they escape from the Sun. Photons do not travel in a straight line, but rather collide with larger particles and get redirected. This simulation models that process using a random walk in polar coordinates. The random walk parameters are adjustable to match different models of the structure of the sun, or the user can input their own values.
The Solar Photon Random Walk Model was created using the Easy Java Simulations (EJS) modeling tool. It is distributed as a ready-to-run (compiled) Java archive. Double clicking the ejs_comp_phys_photon_random_walk.jar file will run the program if Java is installed.
Please note that this resource requires at least version 1.5 of Java (JRE).
View the supplemental documents attached to this resource (2)
This model adds the feature of running numerous photons and compiling average statistics for these photons.
download 1133kb.jar
Published: July 26, 2011
View the source code document attached to this resource
ComPADRE is beta testing Citation Styles!
Disclaimer: ComPADRE offers citation styles as a guide only. We cannot offer interpretations about citations as this is an automated procedure. Please refer to the style manuals in the Citation Source Information area for clarifications.
Citation Source Information
The APA Style presented is based on information from APA Style.org: Electronic References.
The Chicago Style presented is based on information from Examples of Chicago-Style Documentation.
The MLA Style presented is based on information from the MLA FAQ.
Solar Photon Random Walk:
Is Based On Easy Java Simulations Modeling and Authoring Tool
The Easy Java Simulations Modeling and Authoring Tool is needed to explore the computational model used in the Solar Photon Random Walk.relation by Mario Belloni
Know of another related resource? Login to relate this resource to it.


text:
Use the resources below to communicate with your students' families about CRS Rice Bowl.
Lesson Plans and Activities
Download the full Educator's Guide, or select the lesson plans and activities you need below.
Use the resources below to help your students deepen their prayer life this Lent.
Come Together to Give
Create an online community giving page in fewer than 10 minutes to make collecting your community's Rice Bowl donations a breeze!


text:
Demonslayer is a famed two-handed sword, its primary function as clear as its name. It was brought down to Exile in the First Expedition, wielded by Karzoth (whose name literally means "Demon-Slayer" in a debased version of Soruharva). When the First Visitation failed, Karzoth was slain by a Haakai, and Demonslayer broke into three parts. The hilt was taken by the Nepharim, the blade by the Dark Slithzerikai, and the tip by the lich Drath to his crypt in the west. After the Kingdom of Avernum was established, the three pieces were eventually found again by Hawthorne's Assassins and reforged by Boutell. It was used by adventurers to defeat Adze-Haakai and to finally banish the power of Grah-Hoth. It also figured in a prominent role in both the assault on Garzahd during the Empire-Avernum War and the assault on Rentar-Ihrno during the Vahnatai retribution.
In the first Avernum game, Efram in Silvar (Or, alternatively, his wife, Anastasia, who will tell you to speak to him about it), will tell you about the existance of this sword, and how it was taken by a group of adventurers, and that noone knows the location of this sword anymore.


text:
Compatibility After Effects Please check exact version compatibility under the "COMPATIBILITY" tab below
Add Your tagsClose
Create 2D and 3D geo located markers on an equirectangular map or projected onto a sphere. In other words, add map location data to your After Effects comp quickly and easily!
1. 3D Checkbox:
If you enable the 3D option the markers you create will be created using cartesian coordiantes. That allows you to place them on a sphere. These markers are bound to an center layer that has aslider for the radius of that sphere. If this is unchecked your comp needs to be in an 2:1 ratio.
2. bake Checkbox:
If you enable this the script will use the AE positions. The expression that calculates the position based on lat lon is still there but disabled.
3. Cogwheel Button:
Opens the settings panel. There you can set if you use comma or tab separated values. Add a prefix and suffix for the text and change the layer name prefix.
4.? Button:
Opens the help. Duh.
5. Read Locations Button:
This button opens a file chooser dialogue. Select an.tsv or.csv file. The Script only can handle tab or comma separated values. It will parse the content of the file and try to fill your latitude, longitude and text dropdown.
6. Marker Type Dropdown:
0 --> nothing
1 --> nullObject
2 --> LightLayer
3 --> TextLayer
4 --> SolidLayer
5 --> Marker Precomp
There are different type of markers. LightLayers will be handled different than the rest due to the fact that lights can't have effects. So the script will calculate the real position and not, like the rest, add 2 angle controllers that can be used to change the lat long degrees. If you choose the Marker Precomp option the script will create a tiny comp that will be used as marker.
7. Lat Dropdown:
Select the latitude row of your csv after reading it in. If your row is named lat/latitude/Latitude/LAT/Lat the script will find them end set them for you.
8. Lon Dropdown:
Select the longitude row of your csv after reading it in. If your row is named lon/longitude/Longitude/LON/Lon the script will find them end set them for you.
9. Name Dropdown:
Select the row that should be used as text. This text will always be the layername and if you use textlayers it also will be its content. If your row is named name/Name/NAME/city Name/etc the script will find them end set them for you.
10. Build Locations Button:
This will create your markers.
11. NEW By id Ceckbox:
This allows you to sort the layers by the given id in the layers name.
12. NEW Sort Button:
Hit the button and the script will try to sort by the give field in the name dropdown (9) or by the id the script creates in the layers name.
Get and Create Geo Data
But there is more going on. For example has twitter an API that gives you geolocations. With this url:
You get all the recent tweets that are geo referenced within an one mile radius around that location.
Or maybe NA weather stations? You just need to find some way to turn these datasets into.csv or.tsv. Geocommons can be helpfull with that. Have a quick look into this tutorial on creating geodata with geocommons.
|After Effects||CC 2015, CC 2014, CC, CS6, CS5.5, CS5, CS4|


text:
Measurement of temperature/time in welding processes
For documentation of welding parameters, power source calibration or defect analysis in arc welding, stud welding or resistance welding processes, the company HKS-Prozesstechnik has developed a system that enables the detection of numerous measured parameters such as current, voltage, gas flow and cooling time. High performance pyrometers from Micro-Epsilon are used to measure the cooling time. A double laser sighting system is used for alignment with the desired measuring point in order to view the exact spot position and to simplify adjustments. The recording of the cooling time t8/5 is performed between two adjustable limit values (usually 800°C / 500°C). As soon as the minimum value is not reached, the recording process stops and saves the cooling time and the temperature profile for further evaluation.