Finnair A350 Operates 100KM Hop Across The Gulf Of Finland
Finnair today operated an Airbus A350 flight of just 100km. The short hop saw the widebody aircraft visit Tallinn for the first time as the airline looked to move 'a belly full of cargo'.
Finnair, Airbus A350, Freight
Finnair today operated a 100km Airbus A350 freight flight. Photo: Finnair
Airlines around the world have been operating some interesting routes recently. This has all been in aid of keeping passengers and freight moving while many usual flights have stopped. Examples have seen Lufthansa in New Zealand, and Air New Zealand in Germany. Finnair has even had its fair share. However, today the Finnish national airline operated a very short hop for a widebody aircraft.
Shortest Finnair A350 flight?
Today's hop to Tallin may have been the airline's shortest A350 hop in history, carrying passengers or freight. (If you know of a shorter hop with such a purpose, please do let us know in the comments!) The flight was so short that it only lasted 20 minutes, with the taxi either end taking almost as long as the flight. Let's take a look at the numbers.
Finnair, Airbus A350, Freight
The aircraft flew a short hop across the Gulf of Finland. It reached its maximum height at the position indicated. Image:
After pushback, the flight from Helsinki to Tallinn began to taxi towards the runway at 12:14 UTC. At 12:22, the aircraft began its takeoff roll. The Airbus A350 then began to climb to a height of 13,000 feet according to data from It reached this height at 12:27.
The aircraft didn't stay at its cruising altitude for long, however. In fact, just two minutes later, and less than halfway to Tallinn, it began its descent at 12:29. After a further 13 minutes in the air, it touched down in Tallin at 12:42, before taxiing for another five minutes. In total the aircraft spent 20 minutes flying and 13 minutes taxiing.
While it's not clear what exactly the aircraft was carrying, Finnair did mention that the flight was being operated for cargo reasons. The airline also remarked that this flight was the first time one of its A350 aircraft had flown to Tallinn.
Not the only interesting flight
Finnair's flight today is not the only interesting cargo flight made by a passenger aircraft. In fact, as many passenger aircraft are going unused at the moment, they are instead being used for cargo. airBaltic used an Airbus A220 for a seven-hour cargo flight from China. Meanwhile, Virgin Atlantic flew cargo from Shanghai with a Boeing 787, while Lufthansa used an Airbus A330.
Which interesting cargo flights have you seen operating recently? Let us know your thoughts in the comments!


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Determinants of Technology Adoption: Private Value and Peer Effects in Menstrual Cup Take-Up
We estimate the role of benefits and peer effects in technology adoption using data from randomized distribution of menstrual cups in Nepal. Using individual randomization, we estimate causal effects of peer exposure on adoption; using differences in potential returns we estimate effects of benefits. We find both peers and value influence adoption. Using the fact that we observe both trial and usage of the product, we examine the mechanisms driving peer effects. We find that peers matters because individuals learn how to use the technology from their friends, but that they do not affect individual desire to use the cup.
Document Object Identifier (DOI): 10.3386/w14828
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The "Mystery" Crystal Set
After becoming involved in an interesting discussion of the Mystery Crystal Set coil, and how to go about measuring its inductance, I decided to wind one and take some measurements. The details of the analysis are discussed on the page: Calculation Methods Part 1d. I've summarized some of the information from that page here.
I've also created an Online Calculator for determining the coil parameters.
After analysing the coil, I had no excuse not to build it into a complete set. So the final result is pictured below.
The Mystery Crystal Set, was first described in the July 3rd, 1932 Brisbane [Australia] Sunday Mail, and is unique in the way that its main coil is wound. The original Mystery Set circuit diagram is reproduced below:
One of the more interesting characteristics of the Mystery Crystal Set is that there is no apparent signal path between the antenna and ground. The antenna is connected to the primary, while the circuit's only ground point is connected to the secondary. This set makes use of the inter-winding capacitance to complete the signal path.
The coil has the primary and secondary wound side by side (i.e., bifilar). In the original design, a 3 inch (75 mm) diameter coil form was used. The primary was close-wound 12 turns. Then, after the 12th primary turn, the winding continued with the primary and secondary close-wound side by side for the next 25 turns. The secondary was then terminated, and the primary then continued on for another close-wound 13 turns. Thus, the primary has a total of 50 turns, and the secondary has 25 turns.
By means of a two position switch, the antenna could be connected to either end of the primary winding, giving either a Selective or Broad tuning characteristic. The Broad setting also gives more volume. I've reproduced the schematic as it originally appeared. However, it should be noted, that if the coil primary and secondary leads are located the way the diagram implies, then the Broad-Selective switch positions are actually backwards. I simply wired mine to be permanently in the (true) selective configuration.
It can also be reconnected so that the ground is connected to the stator of the second section of the variable capacitor (the antenna connection is to the rotor/frame). In this configuration, it is similar to an MRL#39 crystal set. This gives a further improvement to selectivity at the expense of sensitivity. So far, I haven't found this configuration to be any advantage on the medium wave band, and I expect that is because of the relatively low Q of my coil. However, in this configuration, it picks up signals in the 49 meter shortwave band, which are of some interest.
Note, that in the original coil, the secondary is not exactly centred. In order for the secondary to be centred, the total number of primary and secondary turns would have to be an odd number. When I wound my coil, using an empty vitamin bottle for the form, I made the primary 51 turns so that the secondary could be centred exactly.
Coil specifications are as follows:
 1. Number of primary turns: 51;
 2. Number of secondary turns: 25;
 3. Coil diameter: 76.76 mm;
 4. Total coil length: 42.85 mm;
 5. Coil form material: HDPE, εR =2.3;
 6. Wire type: #24 AWG magnet wire, polyamide insulation: εR=3.5;
 7. Estimated effective εR: 2;
 8. Conductor diameter: 0.5106 mm;
 9. Wire outside diameter including insulation: 0.5588 mm;
 10. Winding pitch: 0.5638 mm.
 11. Estimated inter-winding capacitance: 1500 pF
 12. Primary Inductance LP: _PHONE_ µH
 13. Secondary Inductance LS: 58.1545 µH
Aside from the modern materials, this is very close to the specifications for the coil in the original Mystery Set article.
For the detector, I tried several different germanium, and Schottky diodes. The best performance was with a type 1N191 germanium diode. It was even better with several 1N191's in parallel. In the end I paralleled three 1N191 diodes. I did not bother with the 0.001 µF capacitor after the detector. It serves no useful purpose, other than to increase component count. The cathode of the detector is wired to an output jack on the front panel. I use an audio matching transformer between the detector output and the headphone. The audio matching unit and headphones are shown below:
The matching unit consists of a Bogen T725 audio transformer, and two 6-position rotary switches connected to taps on the transformer. One switch selects the input tap, and the second switch selects the output tap. Also included is a 'Benny' which is used to adjust the detector's DC load to match the AC load. The control on the far left is a 100 kΩ potentiometer for adjusting the Benny's DC load. The headphones are Western Electric Model D173014 sound powered phones. The elements have an impedance of 600 ohms each, and are wired in series, for a total impedance of 1200 ohms.
As a side note, rather than the traditional 1/4" phone jacks, I've used RCA type phono connectors, as they are less expensive, and seem to make more reliable electrical contact.
Here is a rear view of the receiver.
A 6:1 reduction drive is used on the variable capacitor. Even with the low selectivity, the reduction drive still makes tuning much easier. The antenna and ground connection screws are shown at the back on the base board. The underside of the base board has been hollowed out using a router, and the wiring and detector diodes are located there. The vertical wood dowel (with the knob on top) is used as a support for the leads coming off of the coil. This is shown in more detail in the following front view:
Now, I must confess that these are rather bad construction techniques for a crystal set, if the intention is (and it should be) to get the maximum possible Q.
I used a Heathkit QM-1 Q-Meter to measure the Q of the primary (tank) side of the coil. The results are shown in the following graph:
With a maximum Q of just over 180, it's certainly not a big league set, and not surprisingly, the selectivity is not particularly good. However, the sensitivity is better than I expected, and I have been able to pick up several stations more than 1000 km distant.
I entered this set in the 2012 Radioboard DX Contest, and following is my reception log:
Log Date Time Freq Call Dist Power Dist/ Location
No. (CST) kHz Sign km Watts Power City, Province/State
_PHONE_-24 23:55 860 CBKF-2 17 10000 300 SASKATOON, SK
_PHONE_-25 00:01 650 CKOM 9 10000 300 SASKATOON, SK
_PHONE_-25 00:03 600 CJWW 12 8000 300 SASKATOON, SK
_PHONE_-25 00:05 540 CBK 94 50000 300 WATROUS, SK
_PHONE_-25 00:12 900 CKBI 126 10000 473 PRINCE ALBERT, SK
_PHONE_-25 00:14 990 CBW 687 46000 2210 WINNIPEG, MB
_PHONE_-25 00:16 1160 KSL 1326 50000 4233 SALT LAKE CITY, UT, US
_PHONE_-25 00:35 1340 CIBQ _PHONE_ 2030 BROOKS, AB
_PHONE_-25 00:40 1050 CJNB 140 10000 525 NORTH BATTLEFORD, SK
_PHONE_-25 00:43 1260 CFRN 497 50000 1587 EDMONTON, AB
_PHONE_-25 00:47 1140 CHRB 515 46000 1657 HIGH RIVER, AB
_PHONE_-25 03:48 1280 CJSL 428 10000 1605 ESTEVAN, SK
_PHONE_-25 03:53 1130 CKWX 1201 50000 383


Covelo fire burned 617 acres
Full containment of the Pass Fire located east of Covelo, stubbornly eluded CalFire and the US Forest Service firefighters over the weekend.
Monday afternoon, the 617-acre fire was 97 percent contained. Cost as of 10:30 a.m. Monday was $2.6 million, but fire personnel had been reduced to 277 persons from a peak of 921.
When the fire began August 3at noon, it was attacked heavily from the air, as ground resources surged to the location. Initially, the fire threatened several structures near the Eel River Work Center, but then burned north and east, leaving the structures unharmed. Steep hills in the fire zone were covered with a combination of dry grass and oaks on the western slopes and grass and heavy manzanita on the eastern sides.
Containment was particularly challenging in the area located in the steep canyon slopes above the Eel River.
Fire engines from Little Lake, Ukiah Valley, Redwood Valley, Brooktrails and Laytonville fire departments responded to the mutual-aid call just after the fire started, and remained on the fire lines until Friday afternoon. Local firefighters slept on the ground and ate field rations for much of their time out.
In the early stage, the fire size was estimated at 800 acres, but as overflights mapped the fire boundaries more accurately, the official size was scaled back to 644 acres and finally to 617 acres.
Although the fire began in the state responsibility area, it quickly crossed into lands managed by the US Bureau of Land Management and Mendocino National Forest. The fire response was co-managed by CalFire and the U.S. Forest Service.
One firefighter suffered a wrist injury during the fire.


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Definitions of spectacular:
- noun: a lavishly produced performance
Example: "They put on a Christmas spectacular"
- adjective: of the nature of spectacle or drama
Example: "Spectacular dives from the cliff"
- adjective: sensational in appearance or thrilling in effect
Example: "A spectacular display of northern lights"
- adjective: having a quality that thrusts itself into attention
Example: "A spectacular rise in prices"
Search for spectacular at other dictionaries: OneLook, Answers.com, Merriam-Webster
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Complaint letter about manager behavior
A complaint letter about manager behavior is a formal document that is used to report inappropriate behavior by a manager in the workplace. The main purpose of this form is to provide a clear and detailed description of the incident or incidents that have occurred, and to request that appropriate action be taken to address the situation.
The form typically consists of several parts, including a brief introduction that explains the purpose of the letter, a detailed description of the incident or incidents that have occurred, and a request for action to be taken. It may also include any relevant documentation or evidence that supports the complaint, such as emails, memos, or witness statements.
The parties involved in this form are the employee who is making the complaint and the manager who is the subject of the complaint. It is important to consider the potential consequences of filing a complaint, such as retaliation or negative repercussions, before submitting the form.
When compiling the form, the employee will need to provide specific details about the incident or incidents that have occurred, including the date, time, location, and any witnesses who were present. They may also need to attach any relevant documentation or evidence that supports their complaint.
Sample Complaint letter about manager behavior
Dear [HR Manager],
I am writing to file a formal complaint against [Manager's Name] for their inappropriate behavior towards me and other employees in the department. Over the past several months, I have witnessed and experienced several instances of unprofessional conduct that I believe warrant immediate attention.
On [date], during a team meeting, [Manager's Name] singled me out and publicly criticized my work in a way that was humiliating and demoralizing. They made disparaging comments about my performance in front of my colleagues, which has created a hostile work environment for me.
Additionally, I have witnessed [Manager's Name] engage in bullying and intimidating behavior towards other employees in the department. They have raised their voice, used profanity, and made derogatory comments about employees' abilities and performance. This type of behavior is unacceptable and goes against the company's values of respect and professionalism.
I have tried to address these issues with [Manager's Name] directly, but unfortunately, they have been dismissive and unresponsive to my concerns. I believe that their behavior is creating a toxic work environment that is affecting the morale and productivity of our team.
I am requesting that immediate action be taken to address these concerns and ensure that the workplace is a safe and respectful environment for all employees. I would appreciate the opportunity to discuss this matter further with you and provide any additional information or documentation that may be helpful.
Thank you for your attention to this matter.
Strengths of this form include its formal nature, which can help ensure that the complaint is taken seriously and that appropriate action is taken. Weaknesses may include the potential for negative consequences or retaliation, which can discourage employees from coming forward with complaints.
Examples of related and alternative forms may include informal complaints to HR or other managers, anonymous reporting systems, or mediation or conflict resolution processes. The main difference between these forms is the level of formality and the potential consequences for the parties involved.
The form can have a significant impact on the future of the participants, as it can lead to changes in management behavior, disciplinary action, or other consequences. It is typically submitted to HR or another designated authority, and is stored in the employee's personnel file or other confidential records.
Overall, a complaint letter about manager behavior is an important tool for employees who have experienced inappropriate behavior in the workplace. While there may be some risks associated with filing a complaint, it can ultimately help ensure a safe and respectful workplace for all employees.


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Exercise Sage Brush - 1955
By Rickey Robertson
In the history of the United States Army, the Great Louisiana Maneuvers of 1941 are still well remembered and many of the combat tactics learned in those maneuvers are still taught in the Command and General Staff School. The 1955 Louisiana maneuvers, known as EXERCISE SAGE BRUSH, however eclipsed this previous maneuver in one aspect; it was designed to test simulated combat conditions in an atomic war. The forces from various divisions and units again camped throughout Louisiana just as their predecessors did in 1941, in ever town, village, communities, and the countryside, and throughout Sabine Parish. Living here in the little community of Peason and Peason Ridge many of the battles and engagements were fought right here. By capturing and holding Peason and Peason Ridge, the invading armies could fan out and attack Leesville, DeRidder, and Lake Charles.
In comparison to the Louisiana Maneuvers of 1941 where over 470,000 troops participated, EXERCISE SAGE BRUSH involved 140,000 various troops; 110,000 were US Army and 30,000 US Air Force personnel. It became the largest post-World War II maneuvers conducted in the United States. Major unites included the 9th Field Army (Provisional) comprised of the 1st Armored Division, 3rd Infantry Division, and a new unit to be tested, the 77th Special Forces Group. This army had as air support the 366th and 405th Fighter Bomber Wing, 345th Light Bomber Group, 363rd TAC Recon Wing, 507th TAC Air Command Group and the 11th Tactical Missile Flight. The Aggressor Forces were comprised of the XVIII Airborne Corps, 4th Armored Division, 82nd Airborne Division, and the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment. Air support for the Aggressor Forces included the 312th Fighter Bomber Wing, 479th Fighter Day Wing, 461st Light Bomber Wing, 363rd TAC Recon Wing, and the 507th TAC Air Command Control Wings. The residents of the maneuver area here in Louisiana saw new equipment and tactics that had evolved from the previous maneuvers fourteen years earlier. Look out Louisiana, here we come!!!
EXERCISE SAGE BRUSH ran from 31 October 1955 until 15 December 1955, longer than most army training maneuvers. Its mission was to train the various units in "atomic attacks" for both the US Army and the Aggressor Forces. The maneuvers began with a simulated atomic bomb set off at Fort Polk. Residents of especially Sabine and Vernon Parishes encountered giant 280mm atomic cannons capable of firing atomic artillery shells. The new US Army H-19 helicopters used to transport troops into combat areas also fascinated them. People drove up to the camps just to look at these flying contraptions! Aggressor Forces were constantly attacking the United States forces in an attempt to defeat them. The 82nd Airborne (Aggressor Forces) hit the ground fighting and almost overran the US forces with two combat jumps landing in an area between Eagle Hill and Lyles Creek at Peason and on Peason Ridge Artillery Range.
Armored units faced heavy traffic congestion with miles long traffic jams as mechanized units attempted to attack northward. In late November 1955 to early December 1955 torrential downpours held up military and civilian traffic. People could not travel to town, to church, and school buses could not pick up or deliver students to the various schools in Sabine Parish; kids who lived at Peason and attending Plainview High School had a difficult journey each day just trying to get through the Peason-Plainview Road. If buses got stuck or could not climb the Ivy and Ed Dowden Hill people got out and pushed or army vehicles pulled them up. The severe rainfall meant US Air Force units could not provide the close air support needed by the ground units, but occasionally the jets screamed over the tree tops. There were not enough air-to-ground radio communications, and more engineer units were needed to keep roads, bridges, and culverts operational during the heavy rainfall and during the "atomic attacks", and more transport aircraft were needed to supply airborne troops. This was the first maneuvers held since the United States had nuclear weapons and many new problems had to be worked out with locations of the new atomic artillery units and their ammunition supply and storage dumps. But all these problems were addressed during EXERCISE SAGE BRUSH and would be corrected; new equipment and the tactics learned during EXERCISE SAGE BRUSH would soon be used in a new war in a country called Vietnam.
The older folks remembered the 1941 maneuvers and the huge number of troops continuously on the move - but that was minor compared to the number of motor vehicles used during Exercise Sage Brush. The folks saw everything differently during Sage Brush. Heavy tanks replaced the early light tanks, jeeps had replaced the cavalry horses for recon duties, weapons carriers were in and out of the woodlands, bogs, and swamps, and in the air, troop carrier aircraft, jets, and helicopters filled the sky. But the scariest of all were the heavy atomic cannons. Veterans of World War II remembered the unknown certainties of the atomic bomb and here were weapons in the field that could deliver atomic projectiles onto the battlefield.
Here at Peason helicopters landed in many places and troops would fan out and attack their objectives. We did not know it at the time, but this was the first of the "Sky Cavalry Concept" to be tried. The lessons learned with the helicopters were used by the 1st Cavalry Division in Vietnam in the Ia Drang Valley very successfully.
With the roads virtually destroyed by the heavy military traffic, engineer units were in great demand. I recently interviewed retired SGT. MAJOR Edward Stanberry of Huntington Tx. about his days during Exercise Sagebrush. He was a young platoon sergeant in the 21st Engineer Battalion and his unit moved continuously trying to keep the road network open. At a collapsed bridge Sgt. Stanbery and his men captured an Aggressor tank. He and his unit stayed nearly two extra months after the maneuvers attempting to help rebuild the destroyed road network in the maneuver areas.
Let's look back and thank the service members who served during Exercise Sage Brush, for they stood up for freedom during the days of the Cold War and the possible attack by Soviet Russia. These service men upheld the fighting traditions of its predecessors and let's tell them "thank you for your service to our nation during Exercise Sage Brush"!
- A reminder of Exercise Sage Brush near Peason, Louisiana found by the author is a carved beech tree with "JWN US _PHONE_ DETROIT MICH". This tree and several more have been located by the author on Peason Ridge (Rickey Robertson Collection)
- Atomic Cannon set up in the field during Exercise Sage Brush near Camp Polk (Rickey Robertson Collection)
- Recon platoon pictured near Eagle Hill on Peason Ridge during Exercise Sage Brush (Rickey Robertson Collection)
- Recon platoon checking out their equiptment and jeeps in preparation of Exercise Sage Brush (Rickey Robertson Collection)
- Supply dumps were scattered through the maneuver area for troops in the field during Exercise Sage Brush (Rickey Robertson Collection)
- Army campsite near Peason, Louisiana during Exercise Sage Brush with a new 1955 jeep parked in front of tent (Rickey Robertson Collection)
- An Aggressor soldier camped near Peason, Louisiana during Exercise Sage Brush. Aggressor troops wore pale green best over their uniforms, and had an attachment on top of their helmets to denote them from other troops (Rickey Robertson Collection)
- Copy of an Aggressor Handbook, issued to soldiers for Exervise Sage Brush in 1955 (Rickey Robertson Collection)
- Map showing the maneuver area in Louisiana for Exervise Sage Brush in 1995 (Rickey Robertson Collection)
- Exercise Sage Brush began with a simulated atomic bomb blast at Camp Polk. The first photo shows the start of the blast and the other two show the resemblances of a real atomic explosion and mushroom cloud (Rickey Robertson Collection)


Boy Names baby nameLabhrainn
What does the name Labhrainn mean?
The different meanings of the name Labhrainn are:
 - Latin meaning: Man from Laurentum
 - French meaning: Man from Laurentum
The meaning of the name "Labhrainn" is different in several languages, countries and cultures and has more than one possibly same or different meanings available.
Origins:,
Starts with:


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Part Number : LM258N
Function : Dual low power operational amplifier
Package : DIP 8 Pin
Manufacturers : Motorola => Freescale
Utilizing the circuit designs perfected for recently introduced Quad Operational Amplifiers, these dual operational amplifiers feature 1) low power drain, 2) a common mode input voltage range extending to ground/VEE, 3) single supply or split supply operation and 4) pinouts compatible with the popular MC1558 dual operational amplifier. The LM158 series is equivalent to one–half of an LM124.
These amplifiers have several distinct advantages over standard operational amplifier types in single supply applications. They can operate at supply voltages as low as 3.0 V or as high as 32 V, with quiescent currents about one–fifth of those associated with the MC1741 (on a per amplifier basis). The common mode input range includes the negative supply, thereby eliminating the necessity for external biasing components in many applications. The output voltage range also includes the negative power supply voltage.
1. Short Circuit Protected Outputs
2. True Differential Input Stage
3. Single Supply Operation: 3.0 V to 32 V
4. Low Input Bias Currents
5. Internally Compensated
6. Common Mode Range Extends to Negative Supply
7. Single and Split Supply Operation
8. Similar Performance to the Popular MC1558
LM258N Datasheet PDF Download
Other data sheets within the file : LM258, LM258D, LM258N, LM2904, LM2904D


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Film looks at Italian Catholics' conversion to Judaism
Can a people's history be lost over time or can it live on in the soil of the land and the blood of the people?
This is the question that the documentary film The Mystery of San Nicandro, airing Nov. 18 at 8 p.m. on CBC's documentary channel, attempts to answer.
The "mystery" in question is the fairly well documented story of a group of Italian Catholic peasants in a small, isolated community in southern Italy who converted to Judaism in the 1920s without ever having laid eyes on a Jew.
These converts were under the spell of a Rasputin-like charismatic healer, Donato Manduzio. Returning home to San Nicandro crippled after World War 1, Manduzio claimed to have visions from God and that he had been called like Moses to revive a faith that had long since disappeared.
Manduzio introduced dietary laws and worship of the Sabbath to his community. At the time, because of its isolation, they weren't even aware that other Jews existed anywhere else in the world. And other Jews weren't aware of them.
When Manduzio did eventually make contact with the rabbis in Rome, they considered him a crank and his community essentially rogue Catholics.
But Manduzio persisted, and in 1946, 80 people were formally converted to Judaism. A couple of years later, most of them immigrated to the new State of Israel, but not Manduzio, who had just died.
Several hundred Jews in Israel today are there because of Manduzio's visions.
The San Nicandro story is an interesting enough one for a documentary, but this film takes it a step further by connecting this to the history of southern Italy's Jewish conversos.
The film implies that the reason San Nicandro's Jews were so quick to convert is that, perhaps without knowing it, they were Spanish Jews whose ancestors had converted to Catholicism during the Inquisition. Judaism was in their blood.
One person who makes this claim is Hamilton, Ont.'s Laura Cattari. A Canadian of Italian descent, Laura was educated in a Catholic school but never made a spiritual connection to those roots.
She also believes that Judaism was in her blood. One day when she entered a synagogue, she felt as though she had returned home and started to search out her family's origins.
The documentary follows her journey to her ancestral hometown in Sicily, where a historian admits that her family surnames are of Jewish origin.
In a somewhat humorous scene, she takes this knowledge to distant relatives in the town whom she'd never seen before. These old Catholics don't take too kindly to her wild assertions. There never were any Jews there, they claim.
The Mystery of San Nicandro is not just about the San Nicandro Jews, but also about the renaissance of Judaism in southern Italy. Directed by Roger Pyke, it is a documentary well worth watching.


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Scripture Journaling Plan
Your Bible Journaling Plan – A Walk Through Romans
Your scripture journaling plan – your reading and writing passages can be found in Romans
The key word for Romans is faith – throughout this bundle you will be taking a walk through Romans and journaling your faith.
Romans was written by Paul in about AD57 near the end of the third missionary journey. The main synopsis of Romans is all about :
- the need for salvation
- the method of salvation
- salvation illustrated in the life of Abraham
- The blessing of salvation
- the scope of salvation
- life of holy service to God
- struggle with sinful tendencies
- the plan of salvation by faith
- Gods dealings with Israel
- The restoration
The scriptures are there for you to reflect, journal and encourage you to live a life with purpose.
This is a reference guide for you to come back on a daily basis to reflect on and journal on.
Take care Debbera xoxo


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John Sloan's New York
John Sloan (_PHONE_) moved to New York in 1904 as an already established illustrator and print maker, and spent the next forty-six years capturing life in the city. Interested in the everyday life of New Yorkers, Sloan created a series of etchings depicting the working class. Images of families sleeping on the roofs during hot summer nights, children playing in Washington Square Park, and commuters on the subway are typical of the artist's subject matter. John Sloan's New York presents 34 prints and drawings, created between 1904 and 1930, from this important figure, gathering the "slice of life" scenes that placed him at the forefront of twentieth century American art.


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The Use of the Means of Grace: A Statement on the Practice of Word and Sacrament
, Application A of Principle 11 states, "Music is a servant of the Gospel and a principal means of worshiping God in Lutheran churches. Congregational song gathers the whole people to proclaim God's mercy, to worship God, and to pray, in response to the readings of the day and in preparation for the Lord's Supper."
Further explore the role of music and musicians in worship
by considering the principles about "Music in the Christian Assembly" in the Renewing Worship volume, Principles for Worship
Find education and training events
and connect to guilds and societies especially for church musicians.
Copyright question? Your compliance with copyright law ensures that musicians, composers, and arrangers are compensated for their creative work. Find out more about copyright
and connect to worship publishers.
Explore the worship books, hymnals, and songbooks
of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.
God creates music as part of the whole creation and gives it to humankind to develop and shape.
- Principles for Worship, Principle M-1, "Music and the Christian Assembly"


Kyrenia Gate
The Kyrenia Gate is the arched northern entry into the city of Nicosia, through the city walls. It was built by the Venetians in 1567. The gate used to be called 'Porta Del Proveditore' named after the Venetian engineer Proveditore Francesco. Inscriptions from Venetian and Ottoman times can be seen on the walls of the gate.


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Systematic Correlation of Structural, Thermodynamic and Residual Solvation Properties of Hydrophobic Substituents in Hydrophobic Pockets Using Thermolysin as a Case Study
Water molecules participate besides protein and ligand as an additional binding partner in every in vivo protein–ligand binding process. The displacement of water molecules from apolar surfaces of solutes is considered the driving force of the hydrophobic effect. It is generally assumed that the...
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|Summary:||Water molecules participate besides protein and ligand as an additional binding partner in
every in vivo protein–ligand binding process. The displacement of water molecules from
apolar surfaces of solutes is considered the driving force of the hydrophobic effect. It is
generally assumed that the mobility of the water molecules increases through the
displacement, and, as a consequence, entropy increases. This explanation, which is based on
experiments with simple model systems, is, however, insufficient to describe the hydrophobic
effect as part of the highly complex protein–ligand complex formation process. For instance,
the displacement of water molecules from apolar surfaces that already exhibit an increased
mobility before their displacement can result in an enthalpic advantage. Furthermore, it has
to be considered that by the formation of the protein–ligand complex a new solvent-exposed
surface is created, around which water molecules have to rearrange. The present thesis
focuses on the impact of the latter effect on the thermodynamic and kinetic binding
properties of a given ligand.
A congeneric ligand series comprised of nine ligands binding to the model protein
thermolysin (TLN) was analyzed to determine the impact of the rearrangement of water
molecules around the surface of a newly formed protein–ligand complex on the
thermodynamic binding properties of a ligand. The protein–ligand complexes were
characterized structurally by X-ray crystallography and thermodynamically by isothermal
titration calorimetry (ITC). The only structural difference between the ligands was their
strictly apolar P2' substituent, which changed in size from a methyl to a phenylethyl group.
The P2' group interacts with the flat, apolar, and well-solvated S2' pocket of TLN. Depending
on the bound ligand, the solvent-exposed surface of the protein–ligand complex changes. The
ITC measurements revealed strong thermodynamic differences between the different ligands.
The structural analysis showed ligand-coating water networks pronounced to varying
degrees. A pronounced water network clearly correlated with a favorable enthalpic and less
favorable entropic term, and overall resulted in an affinity gain.
Based on these results, new P2' substituents were rationally designed with the aim to achieve
stronger stabilization of the adjacent water networks and thereby further increase ligand
affinity. First, the quality of the putative water networks was validated using molecular
dynamics (MD) simulations. Subsequently, the proposed ligands were synthesized, crystallized in complex with TLN, and analyzed thermodynamically. Additionally, a kinetic
characterization using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was performed. The
crystallographically determined water networks adjacent to the P2' substituents were in line
with their predictions conducted by MD simulations. The ligands showed increasingly
pronounced water networks as well as a slight enthalpy-drive affinity increase compared to
the ligands from the initial study. The ligand with the highest affinity showed an almost
perfect water network as well as a significantly reduced dissociation constant.
To analyze the influence of the ligand-coating water networks on the kinetic binding
properties of a ligand, seventeen congeneric TLN ligands exhibiting different P2' groups were
kinetically (by SPR) and crystallographically characterized. The different degree of the water
network stabilization showed only a minor influence on the binding kinetic properties. By
contrast, the strength of the interaction between the ligand and Asn112 proved crucial for the
magnitude of the dissociation rate constant. A strong interaction resulted in a considerably
prolonged residence time of the ligand by hindering TLN to undergo a conformational
transition that is necessary for ligand release.
In the last study, the reason for the exceptionally high affinity gain for addressing the deep,
apolar S1' pocket of TLN with apolar ligand portions was investigated. Therefore, a
congeneric TLN ligand series substituted with differently large apolar P1' substituents
(ranging from a single hydrogen atom to an iso-butyl group) was analyzed. The exchange of
the hydrogen atom at the P1' position with a single methyl group already results in a 100-fold
affinity increase of the ligand. To elucidate the molecular mechanism behind this
considerable affinity gain, the solvation state of the S1' pocket was carefully analyzed. The
results strongly indicate that the S1' pocket is completely free of the presence of any water
molecules. Thus, the huge affinity gain was attributed to the absence of an energetically costly
The data presented in this thesis show that to describe the thermodynamic signature of the
hydrophobic effect it is necessary to explicitly consider the change of the thermodynamic
properties of every involved water molecule. Solely considering the buried apolar surface area
and assigning an entropic term to it is not sufficient. The increasing stabilization of the water
network adjacent to the protein-bound ligand represents a promising approach — quite
independent of specific properties of the target protein — to optimize the thermodynamic
profile of a given ligand. This approach also allows fine-tuning of the kinetic binding
|Physical Description:||293 Pages|


Econnect Communication > Newsletter > December 2013 – Communicating the odds
December 2013 – Communicating the odds
Quote of the month
"Somewhere around the place I've got an unfinished short story about Schrodinger's Dog; it was mostly moaning about all the attention the cat was getting."
— Terry Pratchett
Surf Club
Want to reduce your odds of dying in a plane crash?
Is it smart to buy a lottery ticket? KhanAcademy has free tutorials in probability (and lots of other good stuff).
Welcome to our December 2013 newsletter: Communicating the odds
Many of us understand the concept of the odds of a horse winning a race. Or perhaps we don't and that's why the gambling industry is so profitable. When it comes to weather forecasts, climate projections and health risks, is the concept of probability any more complex?
Thanks for reading and please do share your thoughts on this with us on Facebook, Twitter or email us.
Regards from the _USER_:
Perceptions versus facts
By Jenni Metcalfe
When reporting the odds in science, it is important to remember that people don't always react rationally to the facts presented. This is due to how we perceive risk.
When people voluntarily choose an action, such as getting into a car or skiing down a steep slope, they see it as being less risky than something they don't choose to do, such as eat food which has been genetically modified without their knowledge.
This is true even when the odds of being hurt in a car accident are far greater than the minimal risk that genetically modified food might pose.
In another example, people are more likely to refuse a vaccine that has a 1 in 10,000 chance of causing death, even when without the vaccine there is a 1 in 1000 chance of catching the disease and dying.
So what does this mean for communicating scientific odds or probabilities?
 - Avoid using statistics to persuade people to make decisions about risk, especially when they feel they have no or little control over that risk.
 - Acknowledge people's concerns as being valid, even when they appear irrational; after all, it's perfectly sensible to worry about the quality of the food you and your family eat.
 - When explaining the level of risk, beware of analogies that compare an involuntary risk with a voluntary risk. For example, don't say: "You are more likely to be run over by a car than to suffer any negative side effects from this medication".
 - Seek to understand the misperceptions that people may have, and why they have them, so that you can respond to and empathise with their values and points of view.
 - Design messages that stress the correct information about a scientific issue and that reflect your understanding of the misperceptions people may have.
Using numbers, words and colours to communicate chance
By Sarah Cole
Are you a numbers, colours or words person?
How would you convey the chance of rain this afternoon?
Meteorologists make this decision whenever they communicate the odds of weather events.
If they communicate the odds well, it can help us decide when to have that family picnic, go sailing or plant crops.
Last year, in our newsletter on infographics, we wrote about using visual tools to make the intangible tangible. There are many ways to represent chance.
For example, the CliMate app gives farmers answers to questions such as: 'How likely is it that Longreach will get more than normal rainfall in the next 3 months?'
The answer is presented in multiple formats on one screen:
 - percentages (67.5%)
 - likelihoods ('7 out of 10 years' had…)
 - words ('good', 'very high')
 - pie charts which represent percentages
 - colours which represent percentages.
In the national temperature outlook (Dec 2013 – Feb 2014), Australian meteorologists have used:
 - percentages
 - colour to represent percentages
 - phrases such as "for every ten summer outlooks with similar odds to these, about six or seven of them would be expected to be warmer than average over these areas, while about three or four years would be cooler" and "chances of receiving a cooler or warmer than normal summer is roughly equal (i.e., close to 50%)".
Warmer summer days more likely for eastern Australia
Bureau of Meteorology national temperature outlook for December to February
Seeing chance displayed in a range of formats can help us understand the odds of that storm arriving in the middle of our picnic.
Risks and ratios – making sense of statistics
By Jenni Metcalfe
Relative and absolute risk
If you're communicating risk, understand the sort of risk you are talking about.
Absolute risk is the likelihood something will happen.
Relative risk is the difference in the likelihood that something will happen under different conditions. It allows you to compare different risk levels but it tells you nothing about the actual risk.
Buying a second lottery ticket doubles your chance of winning, but the chance was so small to start with that it's hardly a meaningful increase.
Here's another example of relative risk: A smoker's risk of developing coronary heart disease is two to four times that of a non-smoker's.
Always talk in terms of absolute risk, if possible.
If, for example, a substance increases the risk of cancer, describe how many extra cases it would produce in 100 people, or 1000 people, rather than the percentage risk increase.
Odds ratios – beware
Odds ratios are often reported in scientific studies. They can be hard to translate into everyday language and are best avoided.
In statistics, the 'odds' are the chance that something WILL happen divided by the chance that it will NOT happen. So, if there's an 80% chance of rain tomorrow, the odds of rain are 4 (i.e. 80/20).
An 'odds ratio' is used when you want to compare the odds of something occurring to two different groups. It is the ratio of the odds for the first group and the odds for the second group.
An example: A study examined the link between acupuncture and successful IVF. In this study the odds ratio—i.e. the odds of pregnancy through IVF and acupuncture divided by the odds of pregnancy through IVF without acupuncture—was 1.65.
You might think this means that acupuncture increases the success rate of IVF by 65%—but the improvement in this study was more like 10%. In absolute terms, 10 patients would need to be treated with acupuncture to bring about one additional pregnancy.
[Ed: This article is an edited extract from 'Understanding statistics and numbers', a module in SciJourno, an online course for journalists, which we launched in October with AusSMC (the Australian Science Media Centre) and the University of Queensland. This module was written by AusSMC.]
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A junior high school teacher who was fired in March plans to sue the Tokyo Metropolitan Government and its education board over what she is calling illegal punishment, sources familiar with the case said Wednesday.
The teacher, whose name has been withheld, was dismissed on March 31 from her position at a public school run by Tokyo's Chiyoda Ward for describing a member of the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly and a history text publisher as "history distorters" last year, the sources said.
In a document she circulated in her civics classes in August last year, the teacher criticized the assembly member and a publisher who is associated with a group that promotes revisionist views on wartime history by writing: "It is a shame that they do not recognize Japan's war of aggression."
The document mentioned the Japanese Society for History Textbook Reform, a group that played a leading role in editing a history textbook that has drawn fire both at home and from China and South Korea for allegedly whitewashing Japan's past militarism and attempting to justify its invasions of other Asian countries.
The teacher was reprimanded over the document and underwent a retraining program from last September to March, but ended up being fired, the sources said.
The teacher believes remarks by the assembly member and the history textbook contradict the government's recognition of Japan's wartime aggression, and that telling her students about them was therefore not inappropriate.
The woman argues that the reprimand last August was an abuse of the education board's right to discipline teachers and that her dismissal is illegal.
By subscribing, you can help us get the story right.


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The method of analysis for the ps transient absorption spectra obtained by a ps Nd 3+ : YAG laser photolysis system is described in detail, showing the results of pyrene in solution. The Sn←S1 spectrum observed immediately after excitation is rather broad and its intensity in the short wavelength region is relatively enhanced, compared to the spectrum observed at later stages. For elucidating this fast spectral change, the spectrum at 0 ps was simulated from that at 100 ps, evaluating numerically the inner filter effect, depletion of the ground state molecules and temporal characteristics of the monitoring ps continuum. The difference between the simulated and experimentally observed spectra may be ascribed to the nonlinear refractive index change of the solvent, the thermal lensing effect, or to an intrinsic relaxation of the excited molecule. Examining absorption spectra obtained under various conditions, the former two possibilities were denied for the excited pyrene system. Vibrational relaxation as well as the S 2 → S 1 internal conversion with a time constant of less than 10 ps have been suggested to be responsible for this difference between the simulated and observed spectra.
Miyasaka, H., Masuhara, H., & Mataga, N. (1983). Picosecond Absorption Spectra and Relaxation Processes of the Excited Singlet State of Pyrene in Solution. Laser Chemistry, 1(5), 357–386. _URL_


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Manual Testing Training in Delhi
We are the best providers of Manual Testing Training in Delhi with real time corporate professionals. Inteligenes Technologies is a terminus of Education for anything and everything about Manual Testing Training. We bring in the latest technology, innovative teaching methodologies and quality education which are blended together to create unique learning along with practical experiences.
Our concern is committed to its role in helping the individuals (or) corporate in areas of software testing through its innovative programs and outstanding faculty.
The courses in our concern have been constituted towards the needs of current industry standards. While we will continue to emphasize our own basic academics, we are also aware that our candidate; will demand competencies that enhance employment and livelihood opportunities. Clearly the perspective will be to continuously demonstrate the quality in the delivery of technology.
Software testing is one of the fastest growing areas in IT in India as well as across the globe. Our vision is to create a concern where anyone is able to learn various aspects of software testing to find a foothold in IT industry or to enhance their career.
We concentrate on both manual and automation testing streams. By course syllabus and practicals we are the Best Manual Testing Training Institute in delhi.
Candidates are given Manual Testing Training in the below mentioned syllabus:
Manual Testing Course Syllabus
- Introduction to testing
- Verification vs validation
- Types of Applications
- Probabilities of getting an error in an application
- SDLC – Software Development Life Cycle
- Incremental(Agile methodology and Scrum Framework)
- Advantages and Disadvantages of each software development life cycle
- Principles of Testing
- STLC –Software Testing Life Cycle
- Difference between Test case, Use case and Scenario's.
- How to prepare test plan and strategy
- How to Prepare test case template?
- Difference between Error, bug, defect and failure
- Test Case Design Technique
- Boundary value Analysis
- Equivalence Partitioning
- Decision Table
- State Transition Diagram
- Use Case Testing
- Bug Life cycle
- How to Prepare Bug template?
- Bug Tracking tool
- Types of Testing
- Difference between static and Dynamic testing
- Difference between Functional and Non-functional testing
- Black box testing and its types
- White box testing and its types
- System Integration Testing vs User Acceptance Testing
- Entry Criteria and Exit Criteria
- Test Environment and Test data preparation
- Flow graph notations
- Statement coverage
- Branch Coverage
- path coverage
- Cyclometric Complexity
- Integration testing
- Big Bang Integration
- Incremental Approach – Top Down, Bottom up and Hybrid
- Requirement traceability matrix
For more information,Regarding Batches, Timings and Fees, Feel free to contact us at +91-_PHONE_


text:
Call for Presentations
Arthur Olsen Student Research Symposium - April 18, 2015
Augustana College students are invited to present their faculty-mentored, independent research at the Arthur Olsen Student Research Symposium. Students who would like to present their research should collaborate with a faculty member to prepare a submission of their project.
- The title of the presentation
- The name(s) of the student presenter(s), and email addresses for each presenter
- The name and email address of the faculty collaborator/sponsor
- The presentation format: either oral presentation or poster
- If an oral presentation, 20 minutes (15 minutes presentation and 5 minutes Q & A)
- Technology, if any, needed for presentation
- An abstract of the presentation. The abstract should be a brief description of the research topic, research method or sources and anticipated conclusions of the study (250 words or less). Please also provide an English translation if the original abstract is in another language. Abstracts may be pasted into the application form from another program.
Students will receive an emailed copy of the information they submit via the application form. They are encouraged to forward this email confirmation to their supervising faculty member.
For more information, contact Dr. Lisa Babcock.


Predefined Entities
Predefined Entities / Traits in FamixNG
To analyze a system in a given programming language, Moose must have a meta-model for that language. For example, for Java the meta-model defines that Java programs have classes, containing methods, invoking other methods, etc. The meta-model describes the entities that compose a program in the given language and how they are related.
On another page, we explain how to define a meta-model: create new entities, define relationships, properties, etc. On this page, we present the library of predefined entities that is part of FamixNG and helps declaring new entities by offering typical properties / relationships that are needed.
In FamixNG, recurrent properties are modeled into traits. New entities are created as classes composed from these existing traits. Some common entities (like Packages) are also proposed, precomposed with common traits. Here we list all currently available traits.
FamixNG is still under development, and the library of available traits is subject to change. The following should nevertheless help users make sense of the more than one hundred traits available.
Categories of traits
First, one can divide the set of traits into four categories:
They are described as follows:
Association Traits
Association traits model the fact that an entity is used (referred to) in the source code. Such a reference creates an association between the using entity (refers to) and the entity that is used (is referred to). This includes the four associations of the old Famix: Inheritance, Invocation (of a function or a method), Access (to a variable), and Reference (to a type).
Associations should be thought of as n-to-m relationships between entities. For that reason, they are reified into their own traits. Associations define two roles (from and to) to identify both ends of the association. Using an association involves:
 - defining a class representing the association (for example, Access, using the trait FamixTAccess)
 - defining two classes at each end of the association (for example, Function using the trait FamixTWithAccess, and Variable using the trait FamixTAccessible).
There are five full-fledged associations in FamixNG:
 - FamixTAccess, from: FamixTWithAccess, to: FamixTAccessible
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 - FamixTInheritance, from: FamixTWithInheritance, to: FamixTWithInheritance
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 - FamixTInvocation, from: FamixTWithInvocation, to: FamixTInvocable, for OO programs, there is an extra receiver: FamixTInvocationReceiver
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 - FamixTReference, from: FamixTWithReferences, to: FamixTReferenceable
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 - FamixTTraitUsage, from: FamixTWithTrait, to: FamixTTrait
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To these five we added two more specialized "associations": DereferencedInvocation (call of a pointer to a function in C) and FileInclude (also in C). These do not reify the association as a separate entity, but they might do so in the future. For now there are only two traits to put at each end of the relationship:
 - FamixTDereferencedInvocation and FamixTWithDereferencedInvocations
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 - FamixTFileInclude and FamixTWithFileInclude
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Technical Traits
Technical traits do not model programming language entities but are used to implement Moose functionalities.
Currently, this includes several types of FamixTSourceAnchors that allow recovering the source code of the entities. A typical FamixTSourceAnchor contains a filename, and start and end positions in this file.
PlantUML Image
Technical traits may also implement software engineering metric computation (TLCOMMetrics), or ways to model the programming language used (all SourceLanguage), or be used to implement the generic MooseQuery engine.
PlantUML Image
Property Traits
Property traits model composable properties that source code entities may possess. Some examples are FamixTNamedEntity (entities that have a name), FamixTTypedEntity (entities that are statically typed), or a number of entities modeling ownership: FamixTWithGlobalVariables (entities that can own FamixTGlobalVariables), FamixTWithFunctions (entities that can own FamixTFunctions), …
There are 46 property traits currently in FamixNG including 38 traits modeling ownership of various possible kinds of entities (FamixTWith...).
Terminal Traits
Terminal traits model entities that can be found in the source code such as Functions, Classes, Exceptions, … These entities are often defined as a composition of some of the property traits. For example, FamixTClass is composed of: FamixTInvocationsReceiver (class can be receiver of static messages), FamixTPackageable, FamixTType (classes can be used to type other entities), FamixTWithAttributes, FamixTWithComments, FamixTWithInheritances, FamixTWithMethods.
The name terminal trait refers to the fact that they can be used directly to create a programming language concept (a class, a package), whereas property traits are typically composed with other traits to make a meaningful programming language concept.
There are 38 such terminal traits currently in FamixNG.


Conference Proceedings
State Joining and Splitting for the Symbolic Execution of Binaries
TA HANSEN, P SCHACHTE, H SONDERGAARD, S Bensalem (ed.), DA Peled (ed.)
Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Runtime Verification | Springer Berlin Heidelberg | Published : 2009
Symbolic execution can be used to explore the possible run-time states of a program. It makes use of a concept of "state" where a variable's value has been replaced by an expression that gives the value as a function of program input. Additionally, a state can be equipped with a summary of control-flow history: a "path constraint" keeps track of the class of inputs that would have caused the same flow of control. But even simple programs can have trillions of paths, so a path-by-path analysis is impractical. We investigate a "state joining" approach to making symbolic execution more practical and describe the challenges of applying state joining to the analysis of unmodified Linux x86 execut..
View full abstract


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The Palisades Museum of Prehistory (PMOP), incorporated in Washington DC, is a non-profit regional organization dedicated to promoting the awareness and preservation of prehistoric artifacts in the Palisades of Washington DC.
The PMOP will accomplish its mission by providing information, education, and archaeological guidance.
In addition to curation and preservation of prehistoric artifacts, the PMOP will assemble a library of archaeological records, maps, and surveys pertinent to the region's prehistory. These records are now housed in disparate locations e.g. universities, National Park Service, State Historic Preservation Offices, Smithsonian archives. The localized information will be made available in the museum located in the Palisades of Washington DC.
More interest in our prehistory will hopefully allow the PMOP to organize a volunteer network that can react rapidly to events exposing our prehistory - like road works, building excavations, and erosion.
The bulk of prehistoric data remains locked up in government agencies and academic institutions. Many in the archaeological profession believe that releasing this information will encourage people to collect artifacts on federal lands. However well-intentioned, this mindset continues to exact a toll on the prehistoric record. Ignorance of history will guarantee the obliteration of the archeological record as more development continues with little regard to the people who onced lived here.
By providing the public access to the archaeological record, PMOP will boost awareness of our area's human history. In the end, both professionals and public will benefit from the increase of knowledge.
Because our region's prehistory spans at least 12,000 years, waves of indigenous cultures have come and gone dispersing evidence over broad geographic areas. The ravages of time have thinned much of that evidence. By recovering more evidence over a broader area, and making that information public, the PMOP hopes to raise awareness and understanding of those who lived here for thousands of years.
In terms of human evolution, the formative years of our species existed in lithic cultures. By greatly expanding the knowledge base of those cultures, the Palisades Museum of Prehistory hopes to shed light on our human nature.


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National Cancer Institute
Last Modified: June 15, 2012
|Key Points for This Section|
Studies have shown that religious and spiritual values are important to Americans. Most American adults say that they believe in God and that their religious beliefs affect how they live their lives. However, people have different ideas about life after death, belief in miracles, and other religious beliefs. Such beliefs may be based on gender, education, and ethnic background.
Many patients with cancer rely on spiritual or religious beliefs and practices to help them cope with their disease. This is called spiritual coping. Many caregivers also rely on spiritual coping. Each person may have different spiritual needs, depending on cultural and religious traditions. For some seriously ill patients, spiritual well-being may affect how much anxiety they feel about death. For others, it may affect what they decide about end-of-life treatments. Some patients and their family caregivers may want doctors to talk about spiritual concerns, but may feel unsure about how to bring up the subject.
Some studies show that doctors' support of spiritual well-being in very ill patients helps improve their quality of life. Health care providers who treat patients coping with cancer are looking at new ways to help them with religious and spiritual concerns. Doctors may ask patients which spiritual issues are important to them during treatment as well as near the end of life. When patients with advanced cancer receive spiritual support from the medical team, they may be more likely to choose hospice care and less aggressive treatment at the end of life. (See the PDQ® summary on Last Days of Life for information on end-of-life issues.)
The terms spirituality and religion are often used in place of each other, but for many people they have different meanings. Religion may be defined as a specific set of beliefs and practices, usually within an organized group. Spirituality may be defined as an individual's sense of peace, purpose, and connection to others, and beliefs about the meaning of life. Spirituality may be found and expressed through an organized religion or in other ways. Patients may think of themselves as spiritual or religious or both.
Serious illnesses like cancer may cause patients or family caregivers to have doubts about their beliefs or religious values and cause much spiritual distress. Some studies show that patients with cancer may feel that they are being punished by God or may have a loss of faith after being diagnosed. Other patients may have mild feelings of spiritual distress when coping with cancer.
This summary is about spirituality and religion in adults with cancer.
|Key Points for This Section|
It is not known for sure how spirituality and religion are related to health. Some studies show that spiritual or religious beliefs and practices create a positive mental attitude that may help a patient feel better and improve the well-being of family caregivers. Spiritual and religious well-being may help improve health and quality of life in the following ways:
Spiritual and religious well-being may also help a patient live longer.
Spiritual distress may make it harder for patients to cope with cancer and cancer treatment. Health care providers may encourage patients to meet with experienced spiritual or religious leaders to help deal with their spiritual issues. This may improve their health, quality of life, and ability to cope.
|Key Points for This Section|
A spiritual assessment is a method or tool used by doctors to understand the role that religious and spiritual beliefs have in the patient's life. This may help the doctor understand how these beliefs affect the way the patient responds to the cancer diagnosis and decisions about cancer treatment. Some doctors or caregivers may wait for the patient to bring up spiritual concerns. Others may use an interview or a questionnaire.
The health care team may not ask about every issue the patient feels is important. Patients should bring up other spiritual or religious issues that they think may affect their cancer care.
|Key Points for This Section|
Spirituality and religion are very personal issues. Patients should expect doctors and caregivers to respect their religious and spiritual beliefs and concerns. Patients with cancer who rely on spirituality to cope with the disease should be able to count on the health care team to give them support. This may include giving patients information about people or groups that can help with spiritual or religious needs. Most hospitals have chaplains, but not all outpatient settings do. Patients who do not want to discuss spirituality during cancer care should also be able to count on the health care team to respect their wishes.
Doctors and caregivers will try to respond to their patients' concerns, but may not take part in patients' religious practices or discuss specific religious beliefs.
Check NCI's list of cancer clinical trials for U.S. supportive and palliative care trials about spiritual concerns and spiritual therapy that are now accepting participants. The list of trials can be further narrowed by location, drug, intervention, and other criteria.
General information about clinical trials is also available from the NCI Web site.
Changes were made to this summary to match those made to the health professional version.
If you have questions or comments about this summary, please send them to Cancer.gov through the Web site's Contact Form. We can respond only to email messages written in English.
For more information, U.S. residents may call the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) Cancer Information Service toll-free at 1-800-4-CANCER (_PHONE_) Monday through Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Time. A trained Cancer Information Specialist is available to answer your questions.
The NCI's LiveHelp online chat service provides Internet users with the ability to chat online with an Information Specialist. The service is available from 8:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m. Eastern time, Monday through Friday. Information Specialists can help Internet users find information on NCI Web sites and answer questions about cancer.
Write to us
Search the NCI Web site
The NCI Web site provides online access to information on cancer, clinical trials, and other Web sites and organizations that offer support and resources for cancer patients and their families. For a quick search, use the search box in the upper right corner of each Web page. The results for a wide range of search terms will include a list of "Best Bets," editorially chosen Web pages that are most closely related to the search term entered.
There are also many other places to get materials and information about cancer treatment and services. Hospitals in your area may have information about local and regional agencies that have information on finances, getting to and from treatment, receiving care at home, and dealing with problems related to cancer treatment.
The NCI has booklets and other materials for patients, health professionals, and the public. These publications discuss types of cancer, methods of cancer treatment, coping with cancer, and clinical trials. Some publications provide information on tests for cancer, cancer causes and prevention, cancer statistics, and NCI research activities. NCI materials on these and other topics may be ordered online or printed directly from the NCI Publications Locator. These materials can also be ordered by telephone from the Cancer Information Service toll-free at 1-800-4-CANCER (_PHONE_).
PDQ® is a comprehensive cancer database available on NCI's Web site.
PDQ® is the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) comprehensive cancer information database. Most of the information contained in PDQ® is available online at NCI's Web site. PDQ® is provided as a service of the NCI. The NCI is part of the National Institutes of Health, the federal government's focal point for biomedical research.
PDQ® contains cancer information summaries.
The PDQ® database contains summaries of the latest published information on cancer prevention, detection, genetics, treatment, supportive care, and complementary and alternative medicine. Most summaries are available in two versions. The health professional versions provide detailed information written in technical language. The patient versions are written in easy-to-understand, nontechnical language. Both versions provide current and accurate cancer information.
Images in the PDQ® summaries are used with permission of the author(s), artist, and/or publisher for use within the PDQ® summaries only. Permission to use images outside the context of PDQ® information must be obtained from the owner(s) and cannot be granted by the National Cancer Institute. Information about using the illustrations in the PDQ® summaries, along with many other cancer-related images, are available in Visuals Online, a collection of over 2,000 scientific images.
The PDQ® cancer information summaries are developed by cancer experts and reviewed regularly.
Editorial Boards made up of experts in oncology and related specialties are responsible for writing and maintaining the cancer information summaries. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made as new information becomes available. The date on each summary ("Date Last Modified") indicates the time of the most recent change.
PDQ® also contains information on clinical trials.
A clinical trial is a study to answer a scientific question, such as whether one method of treating symptoms is better than another. Trials are based on past studies and what has been learned in the laboratory. Each trial answers certain scientific questions in order to find new and better ways to help cancer patients. Some patients have symptoms caused by cancer treatment or by the cancer itself. During supportive care clinical trials, information is collected about how well new ways to treat symptoms of cancer work. The trials also study side effects of treatment and problems that come up during or after treatment. If a clinical trial shows that a new treatment is better than one currently being used, the new treatment may become "standard." Patients who have symptoms related to cancer treatment may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial.
Listings of clinical trials are included in PDQ® and are available online at NCI's Web site. Descriptions of the trials are available in health professional and patient versions. Many cancer doctors who take part in clinical trials are also listed


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The assessment is calculated based on the 499-A data that is due to USAC by April 1st. There will be two separate transactions listed on the invoices starting in July 2020 due to the FCC Order 19-118 that initiated a second obligation to be calculated to help cover the Internet Protocol Captioned Telephone Service (IPCTS) costs. One obligation will be calculated based on the Interstate and International revenues (499-A form Line 514b) multiplied by the non-IPCTS approved rate and the second obligation will be calculated on the total TRS revenues (499-A form Line 514a) multiplied by the IPCTS approved rate.
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Use the "Forgot Password" option:
 - Select forgot password, and enter your email address associated with the portal account.
 - You will receive an email from the website with a link to reset your password. If you do not see the message within 60 minutes, please check your spam/junk folder.
 - If you are unsure of which email address is linked to your portal account, please contact requesting a password reset.
 - Once you reset your password, you will be able to log into the portal with the new password.
Why do we receive a notification from the TRS Fund that our invoice is available on the portal instead of receiving it via USPS?
RolkaLoube recognizes that your company may be used to receiving Interstate TRS Fund invoices through USPS. We have set up a modern electronic portal which will notify you via email when a new invoice has been posted to RL Pay. Please contact RolkaLoube if you need to discuss the delivery of invoices.
For payments authorized through the portal, what is the ACH information we would expect to see when clearing our account?
You will see the following information displayed on your banking statement: "TRS Payment Obligation."
I clicked to download my invoice and I am unable to find it.
Once you click "Download my Invoice," the invoice will be downloaded into your downloads folder on your computer. Please check your downloads folder on your computer once the processing flag has cleared, for a copy of your invoice.
What is the penalty for filing a late 499-A form?
All companies are subject to late filing sanctions regarding the Form 499-A, as it is a required filing regardless of de minimis status. If a TRS Fund contributor is more than 30 days late (i.e., delinquent) in filing a Telecommunications Reporting Worksheet ("Worksheet") Form 499-A, the Administrator may assess an administrative remedial charge for reasonable administrative expenses resulting from improper filing or failure to file, as well as interest on overdue contributions. The minimum administratively imposed remedial charge for failure to timely submit a Worksheet is $100. The Commission may also pursue enforcement action against delinquent contributors and late filers as well as assess costs for collection activities, in addition to those imposed by the Administrator.
What are my options for how my company is billed?
The fund offers annual billing or monthly billing. If your company's annual assessment is more than $1200, and your account has been in good standing, you will be sent a monthly invoice for 1/12 of your annual assessment. If your annual assessment is below $1200, or your account has not been in good standing, you will be invoiced for your full annual assessment.
If your company is being billed monthly and you wish to be billed the remaining amount for the year, you can request this change via an email to Companies who are being billed monthly and want to overpay are welcome to do so when making a payment through the portal. See the RL Pay User Guide for instructions on how to pay via the new portal.
We do understand that situations arise. Any other payment plans will need to be requested by submitting a payment plan request to Our accounting department will then review your account and respond with the options that you have for a payment plan.
How is the late payment fee determined?
The finance charge rate applicable to late payments is the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) interest rate for underpayments for the calendar quarter beginning July 1st. The rate can be found on the IRS website,, or at 26 CFR _PHONE_-1. The minimum late payment penalty charged each month will be $1.00. There will be a $35.00 administrative charge per invoice for delinquencies that are 30 days overdue.
Our 499-A form was filed on time, but we have been assessed a late filing charge. Why?
As the Interstate TRS Fund administrator, RolkaLoube receives filing data from USAC. If we have assessed a late filing penalty, but your company's filing was timely, contact USAC to have them correct the data they have provided to us. RolkaLoube can only adjust your account after USAC corrects the data. USAC can be reached at _PHONE_ or
Where can I find FCC Form 499-A information
You can find Form 499-A information on USAC's website at
What are the payment options?
All payments must be initiated through the RL Pay billing and collections portal at Through the site, you can either pay online via credit card by selecting Pay Online Now, or set up an ACH debit or credit transfer from your bank by selecting the ACH option.
Can we send payment via check for our contribution payment?
We are no longer accepting check payments. For available payment options, see above, under payment options.
Can we pay by wire transfer?
Wire transfers are no longer accepted. For available payment options, see above, under payment options.
Where can I find a completed W9 for the Interstate TRS Fund?
Click here: Interstate TRS Fund W9 Form.
How can I contact USAC?
You can contact USAC at _PHONE_ or
Who do I contact if I have additional questions?
Questions can be directed to RolkaLoube's Customer Service Team at _PHONE_ Option #1, or
Are there costs that the NDBEDP will not cover?
Yes. Please see "Examples of Reimbursable Expenses" for a list of expenses that are reimbursable and those that are not.
Does the NDBEDP reimburse for the cost of cables, switches, clamps, and adaptive accessories necessary to use the distributed equipment?
Yes. The reasonable costs of cables, switches, clamps, and adaptive accessories will be reimbursed by the NDBEDP if they are necessary for the consumer to use the equipment distributed. Personal accessories that facilitate or enable other life functions are not reimbursable (e.g., a wheelchair to facilitate mobility).
Are the costs of alerting devices reimbursable?
Yes. The reasonable costs of alerting devices such as flashing lights are reimbursable when they are necessary to use the equipment distributed to make telecommunications, internet access, or advanced communications accessible to low-income individuals who are deaf-blind. Assistive lighting that is used separate and apart from the distributed equipment is not reimbursable.
Are the costs for batteries or upgrades reimbursable for equipment that was not distributed by the NDBEDP?
Yes. The NDBEDP will reimburse for batteries or upgrades on previously distributed equipment (hardware, software, applications, etc.) as long as these are reasonable and necessary to make telecommunications, internet access, or advanced communications accessible to low-income individuals who are deaf-blind.
When an equipment recipient moves to another state, which state certified program will be responsible for the upkeep of the equipment?
When an equipment recipient relocates to another state, the former state's certified program will no longer be responsible for upkeep of the recipient's equipment, nor will it be permitted to seek reimbursement for maintenance of such equipment no longer in use within the former state. In such cases, upon the request of the recipient, the former state must transfer the recipient's account and any control over the distributed equipment to the new state's certified program. The certified program in the state where the recipient relocates then will be responsible for the cost of upkeep of the distributed equipment. If the recipient needs new equipment after relocating, the recipient will be permitted to apply for such equipment in the new state.
Is there a searchable national database that certified programs can use to determine if program applicants have received NDBEDP equipment in another state?
With the start of the permanent program, the FCC was tasked with developing


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Synagogue in Speyer
Historical Museum of the Palatinate in Speyer
The medieval synagogue in Speyer, which exists only as a ruin, was reconstructed on the computer for the exhibition "Europe's Jews in the Middle Ages" in the Historical Museum of the Palatinate. A simulation film illustrates the history of the building with its various Romanesque and Gothic construction phases. Fadings between the computer model and archaeological findings make it clear to the observer what remains from the Middle Ages and what is derived from the reconstruction. The exhibition was shown in Speyer from November 19, 2004 to March 20, 2005. Thereafter, it could be seen in the Pei building of the German Historical Museum in Berlin.


Legal Word of the Day: Contemporaneous
Executive Summary
What is this word, contemporaneous?
In layman's terms it means recording information as it happens. A note recorded immediately after the event is a note recorded contemporaneously. A note recorded days, weeks, months, or years later is not.
How does this fit into my construction business?
Every day in your business you are building something and every day could be the day that you lose money, or do something wrong, and it becomes necessary to pursue another party for time or money, or worse, someone is coming after you for their lost time or money. Having evidence to support your position is critical.
Why is it important, and how do I use it?
It's important because it increases the quality of your evidence. Just like an excavator operator, they're not all the same. Some dig 500 feet a day of pipe, some dig 200 feet a day. But, they're both called operators. Same with evidence, the quality can make all the difference.
Those close to the matter in the field are keeping notes: on paper, on a tablet, via a phone camera, by email, and by text. All of this is good, and necessary; however, you having a picture taken the day that the general contractor didn't have the excavation dewatered for you, is much more powerful than a year later in deposition when the general contractor says that "we always had the subcontractor's work areas dewatered and ready to go". You had a picture of the excavation the day it wasn't dewatered – he didn't. You win.
My Story
Sometimes I've seen the word current in, say, the application of a "current schedule" to assess true delay impact. Use of the word current here is synonymous to contemporaneous. But, heck, let's face it, contemporaneous makes you sound a lot smarter than that other guy, and might loosen him up to getting out his checkbook since he thinks you've already talked with your attorney!
I recently spoke at a conference jointly with a partner of the construction law firm that has represented me for a couple decades. Although I've heard the word contemporaneous before, it never really resonated and stuck with me like it did during her use of the term. Now I pass it around all the time. Just like today, thanks for reading!
Work safe!


Sugaring Waxing
Does Sugaring waxing gets rid of all unwanted body hair?
Realy and truly you can apply sugaring waxing to all your body from your brows to your toes and everything in between.
The next hair removal trend is without a doubt Sugaring waxing, this treatment will captivate you because of its natural properties.
If you have not heard of sugaring waxing before, the method consists in applying a mixture of sugar, lemon juice and water to the skin and then stripping it off together with the hair.
The ancient Egyptians believed that a hairless body was a characteristic of status, success and power. They used the sugaring technique as the formula components were easy to obtain and the powerful method was proved to be very effective.
Does Sugaring waxing hurts less than normal waxing?
The sugaring waxing technique applied by our beauticians extracts the hair in the same direction of hair growth.
In other words, this technique implies less trauma on the skin and to the root of the hair, much less risk of breaking the hair instead of pulling it off and consequently reducing the prospect of ingrown hairs.
Sugaring waxing is clean and beneficial to your skin!
The sugaring wax is incredibly healthful, it's hypoallergenic and non-comedogenic meaning that it does not obstruct your skin pores!
The formula used by Beauty Dream beauticians creates a paste that has a very high concentration of sugar, creating an environment where bacteria cannot breed in the jar!
Beauty Dream sugaring paste formula gets rid of all undesired body hair and at the same time peels your skin smoothly.
Peeling means removing dead skin cells. Our sugar paste formula, differently than wax, will not stick to your live/active skin cells, because active skin cells are wet. Consequently improving the health of your skin.
Can Sugaring waxing lead to hair reduction?
Can Sugaring waxing lead to hair reduction?
Again, really and truly it depends on a series of factors, your skin, hormones, etc. Our experience has shown that after certain sugaring waxing treatments, the hair follicle begins to get weaker and more fragile. The hair starts to have a more shallow root and the growth becomes easier to be removed and much less pain are involved in each treatment. As sugaring wax can remove the smallest bits of hair in the skin layer called the anagen, it can lead to permanency with the time.
Book the sugaring waxing
The Sugaring wax provides softer skin and longer-lasting results by removing the hair deep from the root.
How can we compare Sugaring Wax to other waxing products and techniques?
Bikini Sugaring wax VS. normal Waxing
Sugaring promotes better skin health, lasts longer, it also can be less uncomfortable if done periodically.
Sugaring waxing doesn't cause ingrown hairs, the other way around, it can actually correct them!
In addition, sugaring wax is a natural exfoliating treatment for the skin and can lead to a constant reduction of hair growth.
Sugaring waxing VS. Shaving
In another hand shaving cuts the hair right at the skin's surface, producing a sharp end to the hair, that can be felt a few days after shaving.
Again sugaring wax is also better because it produces a natural peeling, eliminating dead skin cells. That peeling process through the sugaring technique means that you will get a smoothest and healthiest skin and the most delicious experience.
Sugaring waxing VS. Laser hair removal
The laser hair removal is much more expensive and it might not provide the expected results. The laser hair removal may or may not produce everlasting hair elimination if that is your intention in the first place.
The outcomes differ due to the person varying skin conditions and hair types.
While sugaring provides smooth results for three to four weeks and is very cost-effective.
Would like to give it a try?
Are you looking for an outstanding waxing experience in east London?
Book now your Sugaring wax treatment!
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January 25, 2016
Considering Litigation Funding? Ask Some Questions.
Litigation funding appears to be receiving increased attention and it is often presented as a way for parties and attorneys to mitigate the risk of large and risky cases. If true, this would be a good thing, right? Certainly many parties who have meritorious cases decline to bring them because they, or their attorneys, cannot fund them. By facilitating valid litigation, litigation funding can serve an important purpose. But any attorney considering litigation funding has to ask some serious questions before committing.
- Does the Case Really Have Merit? Although facilitating parties to bring and sustain meritorious cases can be a good thing, litigation funding can actually have the opposite effect. An attorney or firm evaluating a case that the attorney or firm will finance (and that is what plaintiffs' lawyers do) have to look long and hard at the merits of the case, because their time and money is on the line. This process is one that attorneys tend to take very seriously, because if they press meritless cases, they lose money. When a third party's money is at stake, the attorney may be tempted to downplay the risks, or may not evaluate the merits of a case as closely and he or she would otherwise. Ask yourself whether you have rigorously examined the risks and merits of the case, even independent of the fact that someone else is picking up the tab.
- Are the Funder's Purposes Legitimate? Know who is actually funding the litigation, and why. There are reputable litigation funding firms emerging with some scale, with professional and detached analyses of the cases they fund. But litigation can also be used by some parties as a powerful weapon, independent of the issues being litigated: it can bog down competitors, turn the table on business disputes, create negative publicity regardless of the merits, and distract and drain resources from opponents. Ask yourself whether the litigation funder has an objective and detached purpose (for example, making money) or whether they may be motivated by, or influenced by, some other inappropriate purpose.
- Who Really Controls the Decision-Making? When a third party payer is introduced into the litigation equation, the incentives can shift dramatically, and what is good for the party or the attorney may not be good for the funder paying the litigation tab. Insurance companies are a time-honored example of third party payers in litigation. But insurance companies are held to a very high standard in dealing with their insureds, and have strong incentives to ensure that their interests and the interests of their insureds are aligned and stay aligned, because they are also probably paying for the liability, in addition to the legal fees. By contrast, litigation funders are relatively new to the scene, so policing their incentives and setting the scope of their obligations in the event of conflicts is somewhat untested. They also tend not to have any skin in the game on liability, even if they are covering fees, so their interests can diverge and create a conflict. Ask yourself who decides if or when the interests of the client diverge from the interests of the litigation funders, and how those conflicts will be resolved.


American Crested
American Crested Breed Profile
Fur Short, smooth, close, thick
Rosettes None
Characteristics White crown
Lifespan 4-6 years
Suitable for Beginners
Breed Characteristics
The American Crested is completely one color - apart from its characteristic white crest on its head! This is like a little white crown created by the whorl. This makes it easy to tell this animal apart from other guinea pigs, especially for beginners. The crown sometimes makes these little pets look angry or indignant. But they're just as peaceful and funny as the rest of them. The rest of the American Crested's short, soft fur is usually golden brown, red or black. It doesn't have any markings or patterns to its fur.
Guinea Pigs for First-Timers
American Crested guinea pigs are among the easiest guinea pigs to keep. You could even call them "beginner guinea pigs". Still, inexperienced pet owners should get plenty of information and get hold of a guinea pig guide. Just like all guinea pigs, the American Crested is on the shy side.
How can you tell the American Crested and the English Crested apart?
Both have a crest on their heads but only the American Crested's is always white. In the English Crested, this is always the same color as the rest of its coat. If they didn't have this tuft, they'd just be completely normal American guinea pigs.
American Crested Guinea Pig American Crested Guinea Pig - Photo: Kirill Kurashov/Shutterstock
The white crest isn't easy to breed, as the babies of two American Crested guinea pigs won't always have the same markings, e.g. they might have additional white patches.
Fur Care
Short-haired guinea pigs can mostly keep themselves clean as they wash themselves with their little feet. Their fur should therefore only be cleaned when the American Crested doesn't keep up its hygiene duties. You should use a plastic brush for this. Knots can't always be prevented, and should be carefully cut out with scissors. It's also important to regularly check their ears, eyes and nails - just like with any guinea pig.
Just like all guinea pigs, the American Crested needs a combination of fresh hay, grasses, herbs, vegetables, fruit, seeds and twigs. They also need fresh water daily.
Did You Know?
A "crest" is a crown or tuft.
American Crested Guinea Pig American Crested Guinea Pig - Photo: Kurashova/Shutterstock


Medical Term:
fields of Forel
Pronunciation: fō-rel′
Definition: three circumscript, myelin-rich regions of the subthalamus known as H fields (from Haubenfelder): 1) field H1, corresponding to the thalamic fasciculus, a fiber stratum at the junction of the zona incerta and the overlying thalamus, is composed of pallidothalamic and cerebellothalamic fibers (brachium conjunctivum) and is separated by the zona incerta from the more ventrally placed field H2; 2) field H2, formed by the lenticular fasciculus and arching over the superior border of the subthalamic nucleus, is composed largely of pallidothalamic fibers; 3) field H3, or prerubral field, is a large field of intermingling gray and white matter immediately rostral to the red nucleus, uniting fields H1 and H2 around the medial margin of the zona incerta; its gray matter forms the prerubral nucleus.
Synonym(s): campi foreli, tegmental fields of Forel
See Also: lenticular loop


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Abstract: Meanings in Early Celtic Art
Lecturer: Peter Wells
The style known as Early Celtic Art appeared around 500 BC in central and western Europe, replacing the geometrical ornament of the Early Iron Age. This new style, with its dynamic patterns of floral forms and abundant use of human and animal faces and figures, became the basis not only for the Celtic art of the Late Iron Age, but also for the art styles of the Late Roman and early medieval periods, Anglo-Saxon and Viking ornament, and later decorative fashions. Recent archaeological discoveries enable us to examine the first uses of this new style and to address the question of its meaning to the people who created and used it.
Short bibliography and/or website on lecture topic (for lay reader):
Megaw, R. and V. Celtic Art. Thames and Hudson, 1989.
Wells, P.S. Beyond Celts, Germans and Scythians: Archaeology and Identity in Iron Age Europe. Duckworth, 2001.
Wells, P.S. Image and Response in Early Europe. Duckworth, 2008.


trepctl check Command
The check command operates by running a CRC check on the schema or table specified, creating a temporary table containing the check data and values during the process. The data collected during this process is then written to a consistency table within the replication configuration schema and is used to verify the table data consistency on the Primary and the Replica.
Because the check operation is creating a temporary table containing a CRC of each row within the specified schema or specific table, the size of the temporary table created can be quite large as it consists of CRC and row count information for each row of each table (within the specified row limits). The configured directory used by MySQL for temporary table creation will need a suitable amount of space to hold the temporary data.