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Also known as Designer, Electro-Mechanic, Electro-Mechanical Technician (E/M Technician), Electronic Technician, Engineering Specialist, Engineering Technician, Maintenance Technician, Mechanical Technician, Process Control Tech, Product Test Specialist
Also known as Designer, Electro-Mechanic, Electro-Mechanical Technician (E/M Technician)
Electromechanical Technicians operate, test, maintain, or adjust unmanned, automated, servomechanical, or electromechanical equipment.
In addition, Electromechanical Technicians
Electromechanical Technicians are often responsible for overseeing or executing some or all of the following tasks:
The above responsibilities are specific to Electromechanical Technicians. More generally, Electromechanical Technicians are involved in several broader types of activities:
The median salary for an Electromechanical Technician is $59,800, and the average salary is $62,800. Both the median and average roughly describe the middle of the Electromechanical Technician salary range, but the average is more easily affected by extremely high or low salaries.
Many Electromechanical Technicians earn significantly more or less than the average, due to several factors. About 10% of Electromechanical Technicians earn less than $37,350 per year, 25% earn less than $46,640, 75% earn less than $76,270, and 90% earn less than $95,340.
Between the years of 2020 and 2030, the number of Electromechanical Technicians is expected to change by -2.2%, and there should be roughly 1,200 open positions for Electromechanical Technicians every year.
Career interests describe a person's preferences for different types of working environments and activities. When a person's interest match the demands of an occupation, people are usually more engaged and satisfied in that role.
Compared to most occupations, those who work as an Electromechanical Technician are usually higher in their Realistic, Investigative, and Conventional interests.
Electromechanical Technicians typically have very strong Realistic interests. Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
Also, Electromechanical Technicians typically have strong Investigative interests. Investigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas, and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally.
Lastly, Electromechanical Technicians typically have strong Conventional interests. Conventional occupations frequently involve following set procedures and routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow.
People differ in their values, or what is most important to them for building job satisfaction and fulfillment.
Compared to most people, those working as an Electromechanical Technician tend to value Relationships, Support, and Working Conditions.
Most importantly, Electromechanical Technicians strongly value Relationships. Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to provide service to others and work with co-workers in a friendly non-competitive environment.
Second, Electromechanical Technicians strongly value Support. Occupations that satisfy this work value offer supportive management that stands behind employees.
Lastly, Electromechanical Technicians moderately value Working Conditions. Occupations that satisfy this work value offer job security and good working conditions.
Each occupation brings its own set of psychological demands, which describe the characteristics necessary to perform the job well.
In order to perform their job successfully, people who work as Electromechanical Technicians must consistently demonstrate qualities such as attention to detail, initiative, and persistence.
Below, you'll find a list of qualities typically required of Electromechanical Technicians, ranked by importance:
Electromechanical Technicians often have training in vocational schools, related on-the-job experience, or an associate's degree.
Electromechanical Technicians usually need one or two years of training involving both on-the-job experience and informal training with experienced workers. A recognized apprenticeship program may be associated with this occupation.
Electromechanical Technicians may benefit from understanding of specialized subject areas, such as mechanical, computers and electronics, or engineering and technology knowledge.
The list below shows several areas in which most Electromechanical Technicians might want to build proficiency, ranked by importance.
Electromechanical Technicians must develop a particular set of abilities to perform their job well. Abilities are individual capacities that influence a person's information processing, sensory perception, motor coordination, and physical strength or endurance. Individuals may naturally have certain abilities without explicit training, but most abilities can be sharpened somewhat through practice.
For example, Electromechanical Technicians need abilities such as control precision, arm-hand steadiness, and finger dexterity in order to perform their job at a high level. The list below shows several important abilities for Electromechanical Technicians, ranked by their relative importance.
Skills are developed capacities that enable people to function effectively in real-world settings. Unlike abilities, skills are typically easier to build through practice and experience. Skills influence effectiveness in areas such as learning, working with others, design, troubleshooting, and more.
Electromechanical Technicians frequently use skills like operations monitoring, monitoring, and troubleshooting to perform their job effectively. The list below shows several critical skills for Electromechanical Technicians, ranked by their relative importance.
The information provided on this page is adapted from data and descriptions published by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration under the CC BY 4.0 license. TraitLab has modified some information for ease of use and reading, and the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment, and Training Administration has not approved, endorsed, or tested these modifications.
If you have any questions or suggestions about this information, please send a message.


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The Wolfskill Grant
Four leagues was relatively small compared to other Mexican land grants, but local legend has it John wanted only as much land as he could cover on horseback in one day from sunup to sundown. On current maps, the four leagues include 10,750 acres in what became Solano County and 7,004 acres in Yolo County.
"According to local legend, John Wolfskill judged the fertility of the soil by the height of the native grain, cutting back toward the creek whenever the grain no longer came up to the highest point on his horse's back," says historian Larkey, author of the book, Winters: A Heritage of Horticulture, a Harmony of Purpose. "That could explain why the land grant's northern boundary, now marked by Russell Boulevard, follows an irregular stair-step contour roughly parallel to Putah Creek."
John arrived at Putah Creek in mid-July 1842 and set about settling the property he called "Rancho de los Putos". The property stayed in William Wolfskill's name until 1849, when half of it was transferred to John. Legal issues ensued when California became part of the United States in 1850, but by 1854, William was finally able to transfer the entire ranch to John.
Read the full article, "History Lessons," (pdf) from The Leaflet, UC Davis Plant Sciences, by Diane Nelson.
Olive trees planted by John line the entrance and a bronze plaque reads:
"In 1842 John Reid Wolfskill arrived here laden with fruit seeds and cuttings. He was a true horticulturist and became the father of the fruit industry in the region.
In 1937 Mrs. Francis Wolfskill Taylor Wilson, his daughter, bequeathed 107.28 acres to the University of California for an experimental farm.
From this portion of the Rancho de los Putos the University's research has since enriched the state's horticultural industry."
California Registered Historical Landmark No. 804. Plaque placed by the California State Park Commission in cooperation with the Solano County Historical Society - May 30, 1996

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Students who have been dismissed from the college for academic or progress reasons are dismissed from attending college for one semester. Those who have been dismissed more than once are dismissed for one full year (2 consecutive semesters). Students who are dismissed for the first time may be allowed to stay at COC on temporary probation and enroll in classes for the next semester if they choose to attend 4-hour Intensive Workshop.
The purpose of the Intensive Workshop is to actively involve students in:
Reviewing their academic record,
Learning effective decision making strategies,
Learning time management and study strategies,
Developing problem-solving skills,
Establishing an action plan to achieve sound educational goals,
Developing a support network.
There is no fee for this workshop.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Have you ever wondered if there's an easy way to swap cells in Excel?
Well, you're in luck!
This article is all about swapping cells in Excel without any hassle or complicated methods.
We'll walk you through the process step-by-step, making it as simple as a drag and drop.
This tutorial shows three methods for swapping cells in Excel.
Method #1: Use Drag and Drop to Swap Adjacent Cells in Excel
This is the best way to swap two cells (especially if you're trying to swap two adjacent cells)
In the below dataset, values in cells A4 and B4 have been interchanged due to a data entry error.
We can use the drag and drop to swap cells A4 and B4 and correct the data entry error.
Below are the steps to do this:
- Select cell A4, point to the cell's right border, and notice the four-headed arrow.
- Press and hold down the "Shift" key, drag to the right border of cell B4, and notice a display of a thick green bracket icon ( 工). While holding the "Shift" key, release the mouse button.
The cells A4 and B4 are swapped as shown below:
Note: You can also use this method to swap adjacent rows or columns.
Also read: How to Select Visible Cells Only in Excel?
Method #2: Use Cut and Insert Cut Cells to Swap Adjacent Cells in Excel
Let's consider the below dataset where values in cells A4 and B4 have been interchanged due to a data entry error.
We can use the "Cut" and "Insert Cut Cells" commands to swap cells A4 and B4 and correct the data entry error.
Below are the steps to do this:
- Right-click cell B4 and choose "Cut" on the context menu.
Alternatively, select cell B4 and press Ctrl + X.
- Right-click cell A4 and choose "Insert Cut Cells" on the shortcut menu.
Alternatively, select cell A4 and press the Ctrl + Shift + "+" shortcut.
Cells A4 and B4 are swapped as shown below:
Note: You can also use this method to swap only adjacent columns or rows.
Also read: How to Rearrange Rows In Excel
Method #3: Use Excel VBA Code to Swap Non-Adjacent Cells in Excel
Suppose we want to swap the columns for "Capital City" and "State" in the dataset below to arrange the data in a more logical order.
We can use Excel VBA code to accomplish the task.
Below are the steps to do this:
- Press Alt + F11 to open the Visual Basic Editor.
- Open the "Insert" menu and choose "Module" to insert a module.
- Copy the following code and paste it into the module:
Sub Swap2NonAdjacentRanges() Dim Rng1 As Range Dim Rng2 As Range Dim arr1 As Variant Dim arr2 As Variant Set Rng1 = Application.Selection Set Rng1 = Application.InputBox("Range1:",, Rng1.Address, Type:=8) Set Rng2 = Application.InputBox("Range2:",, Type:=8) Application.ScreenUpdating = False arr1 = Rng1.Value arr2 = Rng2.Value Rng1.Value = arr2 Rng2.Value = arr1 Application.ScreenUpdating = True End Sub
- Save the file as an Excel Macro-Enabled Workbook.
- Press Alt + F11 to switch to the active worksheet containing the dataset.
- Select the first cell range that you want to be swapped. In this example, we select the cell range A1:A6.
- Press Alt + F8 to activate the "Macro" dialog box, select the "Swap2NonAdjacentRanges" macro on the "Macro name" list box, and click "Run."
- Click "OK" on the first "Input" dialog box, displaying the reference of the first cell range we want to be swapped.
- Select the second cell range that you want to be swapped. In this example, we select the cell range C1:C6. Notice that the cell reference is entered in the second "Input" dialog box.
- Click "OK" on the second "Input" dialog box.
The "Capital City" and "State" cell ranges are interchanged as shown below:
Note: Always keep the target ranges equal in size when using this method.
Explanation of the Code
Let's go over the code step by step to understand how it performs the swap operation:
1. Variable Declarations:
- 'Dim Rng1 As Range' and 'Dim Rng2 As Range': Declare two variables, "Rng1" for the first data range and "Rng2" for the second cell range.
- 'Dim arr1 As Variant' and 'Dim arr2 As Variant': Declare two array variables named "arr1" and "arr2" to store values from their respective ranges. The variables are of "Variant" data type, so they can handle data of unknown or mixed types.
2. Range Selection:
- 'Set Rng1 = Application.Selection': Sets the "Rng1" variable to the currently selected range, allowing the user to choose a range before running the macro.
- 'Set Rng1 = Application.InputBox("Range1:",, Rng1.Address, Type:=8)': Displays an input box to the user with the prompt "Range1:" and initially sets the input value to the address of "Rng1." This line allows the user to change or specify the first range by manually entering or selecting it. The "Type:=8" parameter indicates that the input should be treated as a range.
- 'Set Rng2 = Application.InputBox("Range2:",, Type:=8)': Displays another input box to the user with the prompt "Range2:" and allows the user to specify the second range by manually entering or selecting it. The "Type:=8" parameter indicates that the input should be treated as a range.
3. Turning off Screen Updating:
- 'Application.ScreenUpdating = False': Disables screen updating to prevent flickering and improve performance while the macro executes.
4. Value Assignment:
- 'arr1 = Rng1.Value': Stores the values from the first range ("Rng1") in the "arr1" array variable.
- 'arr2 = Rng2.Value': Stores the values from the second range ("Rng2") in the "arr2" array variable.
5. Swapping Values:
- 'Rng1.Value = arr2': Assigns the values from "arr2" (second range) to the cells in "Rng1" (first range), effectively swapping the values.
- 'Rng2.Value = arr1': Assigns the values from "arr1" (first range) to the cells in "Rng2" (second range), completing the swap operation.
6. Turning on Screen Updating:
- 'Application.ScreenUpdating = True': Re-enables screen updating, allowing Excel to display changes made by the macro.
This tutorial showed three methods for swapping cells in Excel. We hope you found the tutorial helpful.
Also read: How to Swap Columns in Excel?
Situations where Swapping Cells in Excel is Useful
Swapping cells in Excel can be helpful when you need to rearrange or reorganize data.
Here are four scenarios where you may need to swap cells:
- To correct data entry errors: In case of data entry mistakes where you must interchange the content of two cells to rectify the error, swapping cells can be a convenient solution that saves time and effort.
- To put data in desired or more logical order: When importing data from external sources, the structure or order may not be as expected. Swapping columns or rows can help you to match your needs.
- To change priorities or categories: In the case of managing projects or analyzing data, you can modify the priority level of a task by switching cells from "High" to "Low." You can also delegate a project to a different team or category or rearrange the items on a to-do list according to changing priorities.
- Comparing Data: If you want to compare two sets of data side by side, you may need to swap rows or columns to align corresponding data points. This process is often necessary when reconciling data.
Instead of cutting and pasting or retyping the values, various methods for swapping cells can save you time and make the process more efficient.
Other articles you may also like:


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Turning dirty water into gold
A small French start-up company is selling a technology with a hint of alchemy: turning water into gold.
It does so by extracting from industrial waste water the last traces of any rare - and increasingly valuable - metal.
"We leave only a microgramme per litre," said Steve van Zutphen, a Dutchman who founded Magpie Polymers last year with Frenchman Etienne Almoric.
"It's the equivalent of a sugar lump in an Olympic swimming pool," Almoric said.
Magpie Polymers operates from slightly shabby premises at a factory at Saint-Pierre-les-Nemours, 80km southeast of Paris. But it is at the leading edge of technology with a procedure developed at the prestigious Ecole Polytechnique in 2007.
The process is based on the use of tiny pellets of plastic resin through which waste water is pumped.
Gold, platinum, palladium and rhodium little by little stick to the pellets and are thus separated from the waste water. A single litre of this patented resin can treat 5m3 to 10m3 of waste water and recover 50g to 100g of precious metal, "equivalent to $3900 to $6500," Almoric said.
Cellphones, catalytic converters and countless other everyday products contain these precious metals. But once they are scrapped the problem lies in retrieving the precious metals.
"What is complicated is that the amounts are infinitesimal, and so hard to recover," said Van Zutphen.
Once they have been separated and crushed, some industrial waste products have to be dissolved with acid in water. Then the metals have to be recovered irrespective of whether they are valuable. Magpie will not name its chief clients but is active in "France, England, Belgium and Switzerland".


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How to Access eReserves (Students)
You can access eReserves in two ways:
From your online classroom
Go to Content > Course Resources > eReserves and you will see the eReserve items for that particular class.
Or log directly into the eReserve System
You can also log directly into the eReserves System, where you should see a list of your current classes. Click on a class and you will see the items for that class.
Note that eReserve items do not become available until the first day of class, and are unavailable once the class ends.
The eReserves System
- Hot List. You can make a single "Hot List" of selected items from all your classes for quick access to those items.
- Alerts. You can set up e-mail alerts to notify you when new items become available.
- RSS Feeds. You can also subscribe to an RSS feed to be alerted when new items become available.
- Tagging. You can tag items and sort them by the tags. Click on individual items to add tags to them. (Some items may also come with tags from the instructor.)
What is the difference between eReserves, eReadings, and the Webliography?
- eReadings are textbook chapters that are placed in your classroom through UMUC Textbook Services.
- eReserves are additional required readings, provided through the UMUC Library.
- The Webliography is a list of resources freely available on the Web.


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A Brief History of Robot Birds
Our recent post on the history of the cuckoo clock inspired some research into other examples of early, non-timekeeping robot birds. For centuries, birds–pigeons and canaries in particular–have been a popular subject for inventors and engineers experimenting with early mechanical systems and robotics. Take, for example, Bubo, the ancient clockwork owl seen in the 1981 film Clash of The Titans. Bubo was forged by Hephaestus to aid Perseus in his quest and Bubo was, of course, purely fictional. There were however, actual avian automatons in actual ancient Greece.
The earliest example dates to 350 B.C.E. when the mathematician Archytas of Tarentum, who some credit with inventing the science of mechanics, is said to have created a mechanical wooden dove capable of flapping its wings and flying up to 200 meters, powered by some sort of compressed air or internal steam engine. Archytas' invention is often cited as the first robot, and, in light of recent technological advancements, perhaps we could even consider it to be the first drone; the very first machine capable of autonomous flight. Very few details are actually known about the ancient mechanical dove, but it seems likely that it was connected to a cable and flew with the help of a pulley and counterweight. This early wind-up bird was chronicled a few hundred years later in the pages of a scientific text by a mathematician, Hero of Alexandria. - Continue reading at Smithsonian.com.
Image: Bubo the robotic owl from the 1981 film Clash of the Titans.


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Using this item and referring to it is encouraged, and please use it in presentations, web pages, newspapers, blogs and reports.
For any form of publication, please include the link to this page and give the creator credit (in this case Peter Prokosch)
African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus), Tourist attraction at Boulders Beach, South Africa
The African Penguin (the only penguin species breeding in Africa) is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies. The African Penguin is listed in the Red Data Book as an endangered species. While million of penguins existed at the beginning of the last century, the total population fell to 200 000 in the year 2000; ten years later, in 2010, the number was estimated to be only at 55000 (about 21 000 pairs estimated in South Africa). The majority breeds on islands. Two colonies were established by penguins in the 1980s on the mainland near Cape Town, namely Boulders Beach near Simon's Town and Stony Point in Betty's Bay. Mainland colonies probably only became possible in recent times due to relative absence of predators in human occupied garden and beach sites. At Boulders Beach they are a major attraction for tourists, which pay for their protection through the management of the National Park Service (an example of "Linking Tourism and Conservation).


How to drain an inground pool with a hose
Remove the hose from the pool or raise the drain end higher than the water level. Before emptying an in-ground pool, open all hydrostatic relief valves, if your . Just follow the steps listed below.
This picture shows how the discharge valves would be set while draining your pool. This procedure involves completely draining an in ground swimming pool, something. You just turn off the pool pump, chuck the suction hose over in the pool, . Some of the reasons for draining an inground swimming pool include:.
Waste, and drain the water out of the backwash hose. Swimming pool water can get bad over the years — so bad that chemicals lose their effectiveness. Is it safe to drain an inground pool using the main drain? Next, attach the hose to the sump pump and lower the pump into the . Emptying an In-ground Swimming Pool. Put one end of the hose in the pool water and position it so the hose lays on the . If in-ground pool, offer its use to local skakeboarders if they will drain it.
Most above ground pools usually have one hose coming out of the pool and another hose that returns to the pool. Since there is no main drain.
French drains in gravel around the pool deck, . Inground pools are obviously much more difficult than above ground when it comes to finding leaks. Why Draining Your Inground Swimming Pool Could Be Dangerous. Attach the drainage hose to the pump according to the directions and set it . Those roll up hoses can also have small holes in them to drain as . This hose will need to be long enough to reach a. How To Drain Water Off Swimming Pool Cover With Garden Hose. For Draining excess water from your pool or back-washing and cleaning your pool.
Commercial Grade Inground Backwash Discharge Swimming Pool Hose.


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Program Fact Sheet
Bureau of Youth Services & Delinquency Prevention
Division of Community Health & Prevention
Illinois Department of Human Services
The Youth Build program enrolls youth and young adults aged 16 to 24 who have dropped out of school, are unemployed and/or have limited job skills.
The purpose of the Youth Build program is to empower struggling teens and young adults. Youth Build focuses on academic goals while also helping youth to develop job skills by building homes for low-income families.
Youth Build is a year-long, highly demanding program that prepares youth and young adults for the challenges they will face in today's world. The program offers young people a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to build their futures and their communities
through education, leadership development, job training, and the rehabilitation and production of affordable housing.
The Youth Build program is administered by local communities. There is not one single model that can be applied to every Youth Build program. Although each Youth Build program is unique in its approach to addressing the needs of the community, all
embrace the same basic principles; Youth benefit from the opportunity to join and function in a community; education comes not only from the classroom but from life skills learned from having to function as a team, maintain a job, manage money and speak
effectively with one another; adults in the program mentor students as they mature; and each site's unique approach addresses the complexities within their community.
Youth Build Program Data
|Grant Amount (Numbers in 000's)
|Number of Grantees


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More than one in two Australians who have a long-term health condition or disability experiences social exclusion.
Poor health and disability are strongly linked to social exclusion in Australia. In measuring social exclusion from the latest data (2010) we found that 52% of Australians who have a long-term health condition or disability experience some level of exclusion. One in eight (13%) experience deep social exclusion.
Over the 2001–10 period we measured, the frequency of social exclusion among people with a long-term health condition or disability dropped from 61% to 52%. The frequency of deep social exclusion also fell, from 21% to 13%.
In the graph below, the 'all social exclusion' line shows the total of marginal social exclusion and deep social exclusion.
To copy this graph for your own use, right-click on the image (or control-click on a Mac) and paste the graph into your document. Please credit 'The Brotherhood of St Laurence and the Melbourne Institute 2012'.
See data table for this graph and note on updated indicators.
The social exclusion monitor is the work of the Brotherhood of St Laurence and the Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research (MIAESR). This page was updated using analysis of Wave 10 of the HILDA Survey in November 2012.


"Once you knock an animal on the head it is only polite to eat the whole animal."
— Fergus Henderson
Yes, head cheese is made from the head of an animal. This may sound unappealing to our modern minds, but once upon a time, people valued their livestock in a way most people do not today. After raising animals at our farm, the Bauernhof Kitsteiner, for the last 18 months, I have a whole new respect for our ancestors desire to utilize every possible part of an animal.
This was part frugality and part respect.
Frugality… for our great-great-grandparents couldn't just run down to the supercenter grocery store and stock up on whatever they wanted. They needed to be mindful of which animal they culled from their stock. They needed to be mindful of how much food that animal would provide for their family. There would be good times and bad times ahead, and they didn't know which would be coming next. They couldn't afford to be wasteful.
Respect… for our great-great-grandparents knew where their food came from. The animal may have had a name. It may have had a personality that our great-great-grandparents interacted with daily. They may have felt a pang of sadness when it was slaughtering day, but they knew that this animal's life would provide life to their family for the winter. There was intentional and unavoidable knowledge of the animals life. There was intimacy in the animal's death. When one experiences this, it is a matter of course to make use of everything you can from the animal. It would be disrespectful to wasteful.
So what exactly is head cheese, and how did it get its name?
From Wikipedia:
Head cheese or brawn is a cold cut that originated in Europe. Head cheese is not a dairy cheese, but a terrine or meat jelly made with flesh from the head of a calf or pig, or less commonly a sheep or cow, and often set in aspic. The parts of the head used vary, but the brain, eyes, and ears are usually removed. The tongue, and sometimes the feet and heart, may be included. It can also be made from quality trimmings from pork and veal.
The "cheese" term likely comes from the old usage of the word meaning "formed" or "molded" like in a pan or mold form (not mold, as in the fungus). So a modern American meatloaf, could conceivably be called a "meat cheese" if we followed the same naming conventions.
"I don't actually know what it is, but it just sounds gross." This is the most common response when I ask people about head cheese. Well, this is the most common response from people who say they've never tried it, but they state that they refuse to eat it.
In contrast, I've recently heard from a number of people who love it. They remember eating it with their parents or grandparents when they were younger. It brings about good memories of family and good food.
But what does it taste like?
In short… fantastic. It tastes like a mix of a good cold-cut type meat and a thick paté, but not with an organ meat overtone. Remember, it is composed of succulent meat. It does have a flavorful, thickened, gelatin-rich broth surrounding the whole thing. When head cheese is served with a thick, crusty bread, horseradish or mustard, and accompanied with a quality beer or wine… amazing!
Some people use veggies in their head cheese, some do not. Some people like to add vinegar, and this is then called a "souse". Some people like to have more gelatin-rich broth with meat set in it… more like an aspic. Others, myself included, prefer more meat than broth. Like many foods, there are many variations of how head cheese can be made, and no two are truly alike, especially when home made.
Here are some links to other articles with recipes:
Here is how I made my first head cheese…
Start with one cleaned pig's head. This is one of our own pigs that was slaughtered within the last week.
Put the pig's head in a large container for brining.
The head should be brined for at least 24 hours, but 2-3 days is better.
The brined head is rinsed well and put into a large pot for cooking.
Add roughly chopped stock vegetables and spices. I used carrots, celery, onion, rosemary, parsley, and bay leaves. Other ingredients could include…
Fill the pot with water until it just covers the head.
I also added some crushed black pepper corns and juniper berries (in a tea strainer) and a cup of red wine. White wine is traditionally used, but I didn't have any on hand.
I also added a couple of cleaned trotters (pig's feet). This will greatly increase the gelatin content of the stock.
Simmer until the meat is falling off the bone. This took us about 6 hours. Strain the stock and then return it to the cleaned pot. Return to a boil until the volume is reduced to about one fourth (or less) of its original volume.
The meat needs to be separated from the bones. There is a lot of meat on a pig's head, and it takes a little bit of time to find it all. If using the tongue, which is very tender meat, then separate the outer membrane from the tongue and chop this into large pieces.
There are many techniques on what to do with the meat until the stock is reduced. I let the meat soak in some of the brine overnight. Then I strained it and mixed in some fresh, finely chopped herbs… parsley, thyme, and sage. Taste and adjust the seasoning as desired. I added some additional salt and ground pepper.
Line a loaf pan with plastic wrap and place the seasoned meat into the pan.
Pour the reduced stock into the pan. Use a spoon to make sure the stock is evenly distributed throughout and around the meat. Cover the whole thing with a layer of plastic wrap and place in the refrigerator for at least 12 hours so the gelatin-rich stock can set.
Once set, the head cheese can be sliced and then allowed to warm to room temperature before serving. Served with bread, pickles, cheese, mustard, and some quality beer or wine… amazing!


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The Governance of the International Monetary System
This paper proposes a reformed architecture of the international monetary system based on three pillars. The first is a representative apex organization, which can be understood as a transformation of the G-20 into a representative international institution. The second is the continuous reform of 'voice and participation' of developing countries in the Bretton Woods Institutions and global regulatory bodies. The third is the design of a 'dense', multi-layered architecture, with the active contribution of regional and sub-regional institutions, in a sense copying in this regard the denser architecture in place in the system of multilateral development banks.


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A MaxDiff analysis (short for maximum difference scaling) is a research technique used to identify consumer preferences among a set of attributes, such as flavors or product features. MaxDiff questions show respondents subsets of attributes, and for each set require respondents to select their best and worst options for the given set.
MaxDiff is a relative measure, meaning results will show performance (or preference) within the given list of attributes, but it won't validate performance in the real world. Preferences gauged in a MaxDiff study are only as good as the attributes themselves, so a respondent could look at a set of attributes and dislike all of them, but they still have to choose their best and worst from the bunch. Pairing MaxDiff with an absolute measure, like a purchase intent question, such as 'which of the following flavors would you consider purchasing' or a more in-depth study like a TURF analysis, helps to ground the relative results with real world metrics.
Experimental design is key to achieve accurate and reliable MaxDiff results. Luckily, most survey platforms including Suzy will calculate and determine the best experimental design for your MaxDiff study. The key components of a strong MaxDiff study focus on balanced experimental designensuring that all attributes in the study are exposed equally, and no attribute has stronger exposure than another. For a deep dive into the components of MaxDiff study design, please click here!
After collecting the best/worst selections from all respondents, a MaxDiff analysis uses the following formula to calculate a MaxDiff utility score, which is used to gauge preference for each item within the set.
Benefits of MaxDiff:
Consider this: Imagine you ask respondents to rank 20+ flavors from best to worst. This would be very fatiguing for the respondent, not to mention each respondent probably only has strong opinions about the 1-2 best and 1-2 worst, and they're likely to be somewhat indifferent to the rest. The middle attributes are unlikely to reflect an accurate preference order, which can have a flattening effect on results, leaving you without a clear direction.
Now that you understand MaxDiff, head over to this article to learn more about MaxDiff on Suzy!


available in a range of sizes and are no longer considered design limited. Today's rotary screen machines are highly productive, allow for the quick changeover of patterns, have few design limitations, and can be used for both continuous and discontinuous patterns.
Estimates indicate that this technique controls approximately 65% of the printed fabric market worldwide. The principle disadvantage of rotary screen printing is the high fixed cost of the equipment. The machines are generally not profitable for short yardages of widely varying patterns, because of the clean-up and machine down time when changing patterns. Flat screen printing is much more suitable for high pile fabrics, because only one squeegee pass is available with rotary screen. However, rotary machines are used for carpet and other types of pile fabrics. Most knit fabric is printed by the rotary screen method, because it does not stress (pull or stretch) the fabric during the process.
The rotary garment screen printing machine, developed in the 1960s, is the most popular device for screen printing in the industry. Screen printing on garments currently accounts for over half of the screen printing activity in the United States. [i]
9 thoughts on "Printing – part 1
 1. Harmony says:
 great explanation! Do you happen to know the average yards per minute printed with rotary screens? All of my fabrics are printed that way. I have a few videos I would be happy to share with you if you are interested.
 2. Jennifer says:
 What is the difference between screen printing and digital printing? Is one more eco-friendly than the other?
 1. oecotextiles says:
 This printing topic is so complex that I've had to cover it over several weeks – and digital printing is on the agenda!
 3. Janette says:
 This is a great explanation. Thanks. Good to know the worldwide stats. Is there any chance Oecotextiles will cover the digitally printing fabric process and in particular the inks used. In my experience digitally printing fabrics appear to be coming more common for smaller print runs. However, the fabrics I have received using a digitally printed process, smell very much like synthetic chemicals. I am concerned about the off gassing and health effects of these types of fabrics.
 4. india says:
 i too print fabric but work rather more slowly…and the colour is absorbed directly into the cloth from leaves using heat and moisture. not completely environmentally friendly but getting fairly close. certainly no competition for industry though!
 5. Pritam says:
 india It's really good to explain the things in Lehman language like this. it is really helpful to give presentation for my non technical office staff. It's really really good explanation. I think it will be more helpful if you can add more pictures in next articles. Thanks again.
 6. Branden says:
 in my view its actually amazing designed for me.
 7. Charolette says:
 Your web site offered us with helpful information to work on.
 You have done an impressive task and our whole neighborhood will likely
 be thankful to you.
 8. HGS Machines says:
 Thanks for sharing an informative blog with us.
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Adult General Education
Career & Technical Ed.
Information & Resources
Miami-Dade County Public Schools, Adult & Career Technical Education programs are designed to prepare you to enter the career of your choice through our Career Technical Education training. Additionally, our courses can help you prepare to take the citizenship exam, learn English as a second language and/or help you prepare for the GED® or High School Diploma.
Whether you decide to learn technical skills or get a college education, our Adult Basic Education Program will provide you with the foundation needed to begin your new career. Furthermore, our programs offer GED® Test preparation and high school completion courses. Programs are specifically designed to help adults boost their levels of understanding with reading, writing, arithmetic and the basic knowledge required to enter post-secondary education training.
Our post-secondary training is designed to support the local workforce. The Adult & Career Technical Education programs will provide you pathways in the areas of Industrial/Technical, Health/Medical, Business/Computers, Family and Consumer Sciences, and Public Service.
Miami-Dade County Public Schools is the fourth largest school district in the United States, comprised of 392 schools, 345,000 students and over 40,000 employees. Located at the southern end of the Florida peninsula, the school district stretches over 2,000 square miles of diverse and vibrant communities ranging from rural and suburban to urban cities and municipalities. A truly global community, district students speak 56 different languages and represent 160 countries.


Place:Andlau, Bas-Rhin, France
Alt namesAndelasource: Orbis Latinus (1971) p 19
Andelahense coenobiumsource: Orbis Latinus (1971) p 19
Andlau-au-Valsource: Rand McNally Atlas (1994) I-7
TypeInhabited place
Coordinates48.383°N 7.417°E
Located inBas-Rhin, France
source: Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names
source: Family History Library Catalog
this article is translated from Wikipédia
The village of Andlau lies in the valley of the Andlau River, at the foothills of the Vosges mountains. The closest towns are Mittelbergheim to the north-east, Eichhoffen to the east and Bernardvillé to the south.
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Chronicle of Foreign Lands
The Zhifang waiji (Chronicle of foreign lands) is a concise geography of the world, the first of its kind written in Chinese. The Italian Jesuit missionary Matteo Ricci produced a map of the world in Chinese in 1584. The map, which followed Western principles of cartography then unknown in China, underwent several revisions between 1584 and 1602. Ricci's fellow priests Diego de Pantoja and Sabatino de Ursis were instructed by imperial order to compose a book explaining the map. Pantoja died in 1618 and the work eventually was completed...


Skip to definition.
Noun: Amerind a-mu-rind
 1. Any of the languages spoken by Amerindians
 - Amerindian language, American-Indian language, American Indian, Indian
Adjective: Amerind a-mu-rind
 1. Of or pertaining to American Indians or their culture or languages
 "Amerind arrowheads";
 - Indian, Amerindic, Native American
Derived forms: Amerinds
Type of: natural language, tongue
Encyclopedia: Amerind


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Investment Casting Waxes: Different Wax Types
Manufacturers use a range of techniques to create complex parts and components. One of the oldest methods that is still used today is investment casting. This process involves creating the item out of wax and then building a ceramic shell around it. Once the shell is complete, the wax is melted out (called dewaxing) before the molten metal is poured into the ceramic shell. Once the metal solidifies, the ceramic shell is removed as the part is now created.
There are numerous waxes that can be selected. The type of wax used will be based on several factors including flow properties, whether the wax will be reclaimed and recycled, dimensional consistency, surface finish and the requirements of the application. Several waxes that you will often hear about are filled pattern wax, non-filled pattern wax, runner wax, water-soluble wax and sticky wax.
Filled Pattern Waxes
Filled pattern waxes are a type of investment casting wax that has fillers added. These fillers can provide certain properties to the casting to ensure strength, dimensional stability, lower thermal expansion and minimal shrinkage. The types of fillers that are found in filled pattern waxes will vary based on the supplier, yet some common fillers may include bisphenol-A (BPA), organic fillers, terephthalic acid, and cross-linked polystyrene.
Both small and large wax pattern productions can use filled pattern waxes. Two major advantages to these waxes are that they have low thermal expansion and minimal shrinkage. They don't require wax chills to be placed into the cavity of the patterns to prevent shrinkage as the wax solidifies.
This wax is often used when you are looking for more dimensional control of the created part or component and when using a wide range of injection temperatures. Due to the filler added, some wax may remain in the ceramic shell after the dewaxing process as it takes longer for the wax to be burnt out. Filler pattern waxes can be difficult to reclaim and recycle depending on the density of the filler material.
Non-filled Pattern Waxes
Non-filled, or unfilled, pattern wax blends contain less filler materials. This type of wax offers consistent mechanical performance and thermal performance. They are typically used for small and medium wax patterns when there are complex geometries and very defined patterns. Non-filled waxes have exceptional flow properties.
A main advantage to non-filled waxes is that they provide a high surface quality. So the ceramic mold will have fewer cracks and defects. It also completely dewaxes from the ceramic shell as it can be reclaimed and recycled.
Care must be taken when using non-filled waxes in investment casting processes. Due to a slower solidification, the surface of the pattern can sink. There may also be unwanted shrinkage along cross sections of the pattern depending on the wax temperature. Depending on the part configuration, the use of wax chills may be necessary with non-filled pattern waxes to avoid material shrinkage.
Runner wax blends are used by investment casting companies when desiring exceptional mechanical strength and lower viscosity. This type of wax has a lower melting point than pattern waxes. So it will drain completely out of the ceramic mold during the dewaxing process without the need to use higher temperatures.
Advantages to runner wax is that it has good soldering strength and minimum thermal expansion. The workers can handle the wax without worrying about the part breaking in the ceramic mold. The wax pattern will need to be immersed in water and stored there until it completely solidifies.
Some parts and components will require complex and intricate internal designs. So the wax pattern must have intricate cores placed inside. To create these cores, a water-soluble wax is used. Once the core is completed, it is placed into the wax pattern die and then the pattern wax is injected into the die. When the wax pattern is cooled, the water-soluble cores are dissolved inside by placing the pattern into a water and acid bath.
Sticky waxes are commonly used during mounting and finishing processes. These waxes help bond different pattern waxes together or when constructing a sprue assembly. The wax helps to create a strong adhesion with the parts so that they will stand up to being handled by workers when creating the ceramic shell.
Impro's Investment Casting Services
At Impro, we offer investment casting for a wide range of applications including automotive, medical, aerospace, and industrial equipment. When you are looking for an economical manufacturing process that is trusted, reliable and repeatable, investment casting can provide superior results. Contact us today for more information.


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Infamous Failures of Fatigue
If you've studied structural mechanics you're probably familiar with stories of planes falling out of the sky due to fatigue (no one wants to be the engineer who designed an airplane that crashed…). Jimmy Stewart made a famous movie about that, but different from the usual horror stories of fatigue is the accident in 1919 of a storage tank that burst in Boston, spilling molasses onto the streets at 35 mph (56 km/h). The Boston Molasses Disaster, as it's referred to, is another one of many infamous failures of fatigue.
What is Fatigue?
Before we go into the infamous failures of fatigue, let's come to terms with what the phenomenon is. Guest author and Certified Consultant, Kyle Koppenhoefer of AltaSim, explains it well in his blog post "Fatigue — When Cyclic Stress Produces Fractures". Basically, fatigue is structural damage accumulated over many cycles of applied stress. "Many" in this case refers to thousands (strain-based; low-cycle) or millions (stress-based; high-cycle) of cycles. Furthermore, the fractures that develop due to repeated loading and unloading can be microscopic in size until the day the structure fails. Scary stuff.
Infamous Failures of Fatigue
Folklore has it the Boston neighborhood of North End smells like molasses in the summer. In 1919, the poorly designed tank containing molasses undergoing fermentation burst one day, resulting in a 35 mph, sticky flood of molasses rushing through the city streets. Why did the tank all of a sudden break? Apparently, several factors played a part in this structural failure. In addition to the tank being ill-constructed and not tested, there was a huge change in the outside temperature over the course of a day or so (it went from -2F to 41F, or -17C to 5C). The fermentation process produced carbon dioxide, which increased the internal pressure of the tank, putting it under additional stress. These factors may have led to the final failure, but the tank had experienced cyclical loads over several years. Reportedly, a fatigue crack had developed at a manhole cover close to the tank's base where the hoop stress is greatest. When the tank was filled with molasses completely on this fateful day, it simply broke.
Other infamous failures include an oil platform, trains, and a multitude of airplane tragedies. The Alexander L. Kielland oil platform capsized due to a fatigue crack in a 6 mm fillet weld, increased stress concentrations due to a weakened flange plate, and cyclical stresses. The Versailles train crash of 1842 was caused by a broken axle in the locomotive, from repeated loading.
Simulating Fatigue Saves Time and Prevents Failure
While it's obvious that fatigue is a problem not to be ignored when designing a structure, it's also obvious that testing millions of load cycles would take a very long time — far too much time. Even so, wouldn't it be great if you could visualize what starts to break, where, and when, before it actually happens? Our answer to this is the Fatigue Module; you can visualize fatigue life based on the number of cycles until failure and the calculation of fatigue usage factor. The fatigue life plot will show you what starts breaking and where — virtually, thus saving you both time and money. An excellent blog post on why you should model fatigue will provide you with more details on the topic.
Fatigue life plot of a cylinder with a hole.
Next time you're in Boston you can visit the area where the molasses disaster took place, although these days it has been turned into a recreational complex called Langone Park. The only evidence left of the disastrous event today is a small plaque in commemoration. Unless you can smell the molasses, of course.
Further Reading & Viewing
- Why Should You Simulate Fatigue?
- Fatigue — When Cyclic Stress Produces Fractures
- The Stresses Subsea Cables are Subjected to
- Modeling Mechanical Applications (Video)
- Industry: Continuum Blue Simulates Structural Mechanics (Video)
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|18th Century Dowser|
Witching, divining or dowsing has been used for centuries to locate water, oil, caves, precious metals, artifacts and treasure. Cave paintings depicting dowsing have been found in France, Spain and the Middle East.
The actual skill of dowsing is not hard to learn. L rods are easy to use and to explain. You can make your own from wire coat hangers. Simple cut off the hook and straighten out the wire. Make a bend about 4 inches in on the wire to create an L shape. The smaller part of the L will be the handle. Create another and you have two L rods.
|L rods held out|
Stand normally, hands at your side. Raise your arms to bend naturally at your elbows, with your forearms parallel to the ground. Hold each rod straight out. The rods should be held lightly in your hands. Do not place your thumbs over the bend in the rods. Now begin walking slowly and calmly toward the area you wish to test. When you step on a grave the rods should cross or swing apart. When you step off the grave, the rods should uncross or swing back to their former positions. Before you attempt to go into uncharted territory to divine graves, get your feet wet. Take your rods to a cemetery and practice the art of dowsing there.
|Counting steps to determine age|
|...indicates a female.|
|A swing to the left...|
To learn more about dowsing visit these web sites:


Sunday, January 4, 2009
Ek mukhi Rudraksha : One face Rudraksh
Ek mukhi Rudraksha is the resemblance of Lord Shiva. It is Diamond in Rudrakshas. It makes us Kings. But, What makes it so Powerful? Is it allowed to wear on body? How to get benefits from Ek mukhi Rudraksha? Let us discuss about Ek mukhi.
What is Ekmukhi Rudraksha?
Ek mukhi (Eka mukhi / One Mukhi Rudraksha) is a Wonder of Nature. Normally Rudraksha beads will have 5 lines (Mukhi) on them. They resemble 5 compartments of Rudraksha nut. Each compartment contains a seed in it. But, Ek mukhi will have only one seed!
What is the shape of Ekmukhi?
Normal Ek mukhi is Half-moon shaped or Cashew-nut (Kaju dana) shaped. Not agreeing with me? Ha, Ha! What I told is NORMAL. Round Ek mukhi are present. But, they are very very rare. The reason is Rudraksha nut can't retain it's roundness with one compartment. Not only Ek mukhi, but many Two mukhi and Three mukhi Rudrakshas are not completely Round. They will turn some what oval vertically. Also note: As the lines (Mukhi) of Rudraksha increase, the bead gradually flattens.
Roundness increases the Power. But, Ek mukhi is always Ek mukhi.
Why One Face Rudraksha is so Powerful?
Nobody knows! But we can prove the superiority of One Face Rudraksha with a Rudraksha test. Milk will not spoil for 5 days if Ek mukhi is placed in it. The reason may be in the Astral body of this Rudraksha.
Is Eka mukhi allowed to wear on body?
This is an important question. Yes. Allowed! But, remember Ek mukhi Rudraksha is directly Lord Shiva himself (Sakshat Shiva swarupa). We have to behave as if we are in the Paradise of Shiva (Kailasa). No exceptions.
Like all Rudraksha Ek mukhi is also not allowed to wear while taking Alcohol, While participating in sex, and in Menstrual period. Keep it beside while taking bath to protect from water.
Children bellow 12 years can't bear the Power of Ek mukhi. For normal people, it is better to worship Ek mukhi Rudraksha rather than wearing it on the body.
How to get benefits from Eka mukhi Rudraksha?
This is a very big question. Ek mukhi Rudrksha passes the Power of Lord Shiva to the person wearing it. It burns all the Sins made by the person (Brahma hatya dosha haram). It protects him from accidents (Akala Mrityu haram). It gives a sudden rise in the career (Akasmat Dhana prapti dayakam). The person rules the world (Shiva Shakti pradayakam). If he wishes he will attain Mukti (Shiva Sayujya pradayakam).
Basic Mantra to use Ek mukhi is - "(Aum) NamasShivaya".
Only this much? Don't worry. I'm also interested in Ek mukhi Rudraksha like you. I will write at least 20 articles just on Ekmukhi. I will explain every detail I know. Please wait.
"This article is dedicated to Lord Shiva who is the Lord of Rudrakshas"
You may also be interested in:
durga said...
can i smoke wearing ekamuki
Srihari said...
???!!! Are you serious?
We can't smoke even in presence of our parents or elders. How can we do it in presence of Lord? Smoking is strictly prohibited in temples :)
Of course, there is no reference to smoking in the sacred books. Our ancients didn't thought of this addiction.
Amal Nadpurohit said...
Srihari ji...
You have done an magnificent task by posting your collection... Your knowledge is extremely valuable. Much appreciated Sir... keep up the fantastic work..
Anonymous said...
Hi, a young boy may be 12-14 met me near my work place and started showing me rudrakshas's he brought, he has all types mostly 5 mukhi, he also showed me half moon type ek mukhi and round ek mukhi, i purchased both, i belive in it and i also dont't want do any test for the same i believe this must be original one test i did they sink in water, now i want to wear, pls suggest complete process to follow while wearing it, to have best effect.. Viinod Jojarey
Anonymous said...
Dear Shri hari.. i posted a query on 2nd dec 09, expecting your answer...
Srihari said...
Hi Vinod, I'm really busy and at-least have to write a post to answer you. That's the reason behind not responding. OK, I now posted that. Please see and tell your opinion, whether it is sufficient or not.
Ek mukhi Mantras and Puja
Sarath said...
Hi Srihari, I'm sarath. I'm wearing a eka mukhi for a few years. I got the rudraksha from a aged sage who lives in the Himalayas when i went there. However, im not so much into sacred books. I keep up mu brahmacharyam, and other than that I do my normal life wearing my lord close to my heart. I feel awesome when i do what i feel i should do. Ultimately what i feel is that what should be done and should not be done is purely based on our perception of lord shiva, which is the karma roopam of the ultimate universal power.Have a lot more but the space and time doesnt allow that!!!


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1.5 cm in mature plant height.
4. Understand that patterns of association can also be seen in bivariate categorical data by displaying frequencies and relative frequencies in a two-way table. Construct and interpret a two-way table summarizing data on two categorical variables collected from the same subjects. Use relative frequencies calculated for rows or columns to describe possible association between the two variables. For example, collect data from students in your class on whether or not they have a curfew on school nights and whether or not they have assigned chores at home. Is there evidence that those who have a curfew also tend to have chores?
Learn more about our online math practice software.


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Abstract: This research investigates how cues describing the authors of user-generated online science articles in blogs, and indications about whether the articles are 1-sided or 2-sided, affect others' decision about which content to read. It extended the elaboration likelihood model (ELM; Petty & Cacioppo, 1986), to predict whether better-quality arguments and individuals' need for cognition affected their content selections. In 2 experiments, 121 parents were asked to search for information on a blog concerning the effects of violent media. Results showed a general preference for texts composed by users with greater expertise and for 2-sided messages. Need for cognition magnified the effect of message sidedness, suggesting that the ELM is relevant for blogs and the selection of user-generated science stories.
Link: click here


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Wellness Education and Management Nr. 1 (1), 2013
Price – 30 EUR (click here for purchase information).
Product code - 10014.
Remark: articles can be purchased separately. For more information, look at the article description.
BODY APPEARANCE PERCEPTION IN RELATION TO SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC STATUS AMONG STUDENTS
JURGITA ANDRUŠKIENĖ, INGA IŽDONAITĖ-MEDŽIŪNIENĖ, DANUTĖ ADOMAVIČIENĖ, VILJARAS REIGAS
DIMENSIONS, MEASURES AND INDICATORS OF INTERNATIONALIZATION ASSESSMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION
THE ASSESSMENT OF APPROACH ON PUBLIC HEALTH SAFETY OF PUBLIC HEALTH CONTROL SPECIALISTS AND BEAUTY THERAPISTS
VILJARAS REIGAS, KAROLINA GUDAUSKAITĖ
BODY APPEARANCE PERCEPTION IN RELATION TO SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC STATUS AMONG STUDENTS, JURGITA ANDRUŠKIENĖ, INGA IŽDONAITĖ-MEDŽIŪNIENĖ, DANUTĖ ADOMAVIČIENĖ, VILJARAS REIGAS, (p. 5 – 10)
Keywords: body appearance perception, socio-demographic status, students.
Price – 15 EUR (click here for purchase information).
Product code - 10015.
Background and purpose. There is lack of knowledge in the field of students' body appearance perception; nevertheless the period of studying is important for body image development. Therefore, such research questions are raised: How do students perceive their body appearance? Does the perception of the body appearance differ according to their age, gender, years and forms of studying, employment and family status? What are the differences in relation to positive versus negative perception and sociodemographic status? The purpose of this study is to evaluate body appearance perception among health sciences students and to assess body appearance differences, according sociodemographic status variables.
Methodology. The study sample consisted of the 200 persons studying at KSC and 200 KU students. All the participants were examined by self-administered general data questionnaire, and Adolescents and Adults Body-Esteem Scale, which measures body appearance perception. The Internal consistency of the domains was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient.
Findings/results. From 5.0 to 10.5% of the sample were absolutely satisfied with their body appearance. Almost one third of the investigated students' group felt worried about the way they looked (30.3%) and the other third wished to look better (30.7%). Students, younger than 22 years, more often, as compared to older ones, were satisfied with their appearance, respectively 6.1% vs. 3.2%, p<0.05. The difference in relation between negative body appearance and socio-demographic variables was established with respect to the year of studying, p<0.05.
Research limitations/implications. The authors highlight several limitations of the research. First, there is no possibility at present to compare the results in a Lithuanian setting, since this article presents the first data gathered in Lithuania about the students' body image. Second, the majority of research participants were females as they form the majority of students in health studies. The implication of this research is to develop body image research in adolescents and create scientific evidence-based background for adequate body image perception.
Conclusions. Only a small part of the students was absolutely satisfied with the body appearance. Others felt upset about the appearance, felt depressed when weighing themselves, and even were worried how they look and would change a lot in their appearance, because they wished to look better. The perception of the body appearance in a positive and in a negative context differed in respect to age. The statistically significant differences were established between upsetting look and years of studying (p<0.05) as well.
DIMENSIONS, MEASURES AND INDICATORS OF INTERNATIONALIZATION ASSESSMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION, INGA IŽDONAITĖ-MEDŽIŪNIENĖ, (p. 11-17)
Keywords: internationalization, dimensions, measures and indicators of internationalization, higher educational institution.
Price – 15 EUR (click here for purchase information).
Product code - 10016.
Background and purpose. Several authors like U. Teichler (2004) mention a growing emphasis on marketization, competition and management in higher education. This enhances the significance of the education market as an international institution, but also contributes to changing the structure of that market. As a result, a worldwide competition increases. The main topics of most research on internationalization in higher education reach from mobility, mutual influence of higher education systems, and internationalization of the substance of teaching and learning to institutional strategies, knowledge transfer, cooperation and competition, and national and supranational policies (Kehm, Teichler, 2007). It is really important for higher educational institutions to have the same understanding of the term of internationalization and of assessment dimensions, measures and indicators that institutions may use as they are accredited; therefore, a more detailed explanation about the dimensions, measures and indicators of internationalization of higher educational institutions is essential and so proposes the purpose of the article.
Methodology. The paper is a literature review. Scientific literature analysis is used as a research method.
Findings/results. The articles focuses that the model of competition in higher education can be implemented and can have positive impact on internationalization via cooperation. Dimensions, measures and indicators used to evaluate internationalization of a higher educational institution are revealed in the article.
Research limitations/implications. The literature review about dimensions, measures and indicators of internationalization in higher education is followed by conclusions emphasizing a certain amount of continuity, and broadening the field with necessary ambitious studies in this area.
Conclusion. The literature review and the best practices have proved that in order to compete in a global international market and declare a high level of internationalization, higher educational institutions have to cooperate and share not only academia, but information as well. The model of competition in higher education can be implemented and can have positive impact on internationalization via cooperation. The assessment of internationalization of higher educational institutions is a process during which management and administrative, academic research / activities, and teaching and studies dimensions are evaluated using certain measures and detailed indicators.
THE ASSESSMENT OF APPROACH ON PUBLIC HEALTH SAFETY OF PUBLIC HEALTH CONTROL SPECIALISTS AND BEAUTY THERAPISTS, VILJARAS REIGAS, KAROLINA GUDAUSKAITĖ, (p. 18-21)
Keywords: beauty service, public health safety, public health safety control.
Price – 15 EUR (click here for purchase information).
Product code - 10017.
Background and purpose. Attention to hygiene and infection control has always been important in delivery of beauty therapy treatments and is an integral part of the National Occupational Standards, which form the basis for beauty therapy qualifications. The ever changing range of treatments means this needs to be kept under review for the protection of clients and therapists alike. The growth of intimate waxing, provision of complementary snacks as well as drinks, new viruses, antibiotic resistant bacteria – all present new considerations for preventing cross-infection (Habia, 2006). A well designed salon can go a long way towards making infection control simple and the following guidelines should be followed: walls and floors should be capable of being cleaned easily and solid flooring rather than carpets is advisable, worktops should have a hard impervious surface such as laminate or stainless stele, chairs etc. should have a cleanable impervious surface such as vinys, washing facilities with hot and cold water are essential to enable the therapist to wash hands between each client and these facilities should be as close as possible to the working area, ideally taps should be infrared, elbow or foot controlled and disposable paper towels should be used rather than fabric towels, toilet facilities should be suitable for use by anyone in the salon and should be kept clean and etc.
Methodology. Methodological triangulation (Žydžiūnaitė, 2007), during which qualitative and quantitative data was combined, was selected for the research. The number of investigated subjects was highlighted in the quantitative research. According to annual control list data of 2013 provided by Klaipeda Public Health Centre, cosmetic services were provided by 48 cosmetic salons in Klaipeda. Selection of respondents was based on the following criteria: they have beauty therapist – cosmetologist training, they voluntary agreed to participate in the research. Qualitative research provides digital information, reflecting the context of the research and the issues raised by the research. Data was analysed using statistical SPSS 16.0v program. Opinion of respondents was provided on the response rate. The method of qualitative content analysis was used for qualitative data analysis of the research.
Findings/results. There is an assumption, according to the interview data of beauty service providers and public health safety control specialists that both beauty service providers and public health safety control specialists agree that there is the need to comply with provisions on public health safety. However not all beauty service providers are able to analyse all the statutory provisions regulating health services. It was established that beauty therapists, who are against repetitive beauty service safety health inspections, believe that it is difficult to get a permit – hygiene passport – for their activities. Furthermore, according to public health safety control specialists, in the past few years the requirements for beauty service providers have been becoming more and more liberal.
Conclusions. The most frequent infringements that beauty service providers make are as


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| || || |
About usModelling and Simulation
Research and Development
Standards and Methods
| ||Galileo Engineering Tool Environment(ETE)|
The Engineering Tool Environment (ETE) is a key element for the Galileo Ground Mission Segment (GMS) design & verification activities and in particular for the following objectives:
The purpose of the Engineering Tool environment (ETE) is therefore to provide a set of tools representative of the GMS actual elements and environment so as to provide a representative simulation & design platform.
The ETE implements the following major functions:
- GMS algorithm design,
- GMS algorithm performance assessment,
- Support to Element & GMS AIV,
- GMS algorithm performance verification & qualification.
The ETE includes the following algorithm prototypes (E- experimental) :
- Generation of simulated GSS (Ground Sensor Station) Raw data,
- Exercise of the GMS performance algorithm prototypes (OSPF, IPF, OAT),
- GSS Raw data & Algorithm prototypes performance analysis,
- Data configuration management.
The RDG (Raw Data Generator) component, inside the ETE, will allow to generate raw data as ETE input.
The E-PAT (Performance Assessment Tool), early issue of the PAT tools included in the Galileo MCF(Mission Control Facility) element, allows the analysis of
either the RDG data, either the algorithm prototype results.
The E-DSF component is in charge of data management inside the ETE, process scheduling
- E-OSPF (Orbit & Synchronisation platform), prototype of the OSPF element algorithm,
- E-IPF (Integrity Platform), prototype of the IPF element algorithm,
- E-OAT (Orbit Assessment Tool), prototype of MSF (Mission Support Facility) element algorithm.
Last update: 30 August 2006
| || |


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If you can't get dial tone to make an outgoing call and incoming calls are going straight to messagebank (voicemail?) try disconnecting the base station from the telephone socket and then call the phone number from another phone, e.g. a mobile phone
''If the call still goes to messagebank'' there may be a ''fault on the line or in the telephone exchange'' that will prevent you getting dial tone for outgoing calls and indicates that the line is busy and incoming calls are being redirected to messagebank.
Contact your phone service provider regarding the problem.
''If the calling phone receives the ring tone signal'' then there may be a fault in the base station or the handset.
If you have a corded phone try plugging it into the telephone socket and see if the service works normally.
If you haven't got a corded phone, with the base station disconnected from the telephone socket try calling the number again and when you're getting the ring tone signal in the calling phone, use a pair of scissors or pliers to short out the two wires in the phone socket to check that the ring tone signal in the calling phone stops. This proves that the line is OK all the way to the premises and that the correct number is there as well.
What is the model number of the phone?


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Understanding and using the.sdcard format
One very useful feature enabled by default in both the Yocto Communiy BSP and Release BSP is the option of generating the baked images in.sdcard format.
If the.sdcard format is not selected by default it can be enabled on the conf/local.conf file by adding it with the IMAGE_FSTYPES as follow:
It's important to note that if this variable is specified only the file systems typed defined will be created. The default value used most often for this variable is:
IMAGE_FSTYPES="tar.bz2 ext3 sdcard"
The.sdcard format creates an image with all necessary partitions and loads the bootloader, kernel and rootfs to this image. You can just low level copy the data on this file to the SD card device using dd as on the following command example:
$ sudo dd if=.sdcard of=/dev/sd bs=1M && sync
Partitions used on the.sdcard file
The.sdcard partitions looks as follow:
Unpartitioned space reserved for the bootloader
Kernerl and other data
Granting more free space on the RootFS partition
The size of the.sdcard file will depend solely on the size of the rootfs. This means that the resulting file won't partition all our SD Card capacity unless we add extra space to the rootfs partition. (Of course there is always the option of editing the partitions once loaded on the SD Card)
In order to add more space you may use the IMAGE_ROOTFS_EXTRA_SPACE variable. You may add it to your local.conf file with the added free disk space in Kbytes. For example, if you would like to guarantee 1GB of extra space you may add the following line to your local.conf file.
IMAGE_ROOTFS_EXTRA_SPACE = "_PHONE_"
It is important to note that this is space additional to the IMAGE_OVERHEAD_FACTOR variable which defines a multiplier that is applied to the initial image size. This is only applied when the multiplier times the
By default, the build process uses a multiplier of 1.3 for this variable. This default value results in 30% free disk space added to the image when this method is used to determine the final generated image size. This would mean that there should be 30% of free disk space before post install scripts. If you wish for more space you may edit this variable as bellow:
IMAGE_OVERHEAD_FACTOR = "1.5"
Which would result in 50% free disk space added to the image, before post install scripts and without considering overhead that may come from the package management system.
How the IMAGE_ROOTFS_SIZE is calculated
This variable is also measured in Kbytes and it's determined by the OpenEmbedded build system using an algorithm that considers the initial disk space used for the generated image, the requested size for the image (trough the overhead factor) and the additional free space to be added to the image (trough the extra space variable).
The build system first runs a du (disk usage) command to determine the size of the rootfs directory tree. If the IMAGE_ROOTFS_SIZE current value is larger than the disk usage times the overhead factor only the extra space is added. If the IMAGE_ROOTFS_SIZE is smaller than the disk usage times the overhead factor then the disk usage is multiplied times the overhead factor prior to adding the extra space.
IMAGE_ROOTFS_SIZE must be set on a default value which is usually very low as it's just initialized and updated with the actual size requirements each time an image is baked.
You may also use this variable directly in order to select the space you would like to allocate to the RootFS.For example setting the RootFS to 2GB would require the following addition to the local.conf file:
IMAGE_ROOTFS_SIZE = "_PHONE_"
IMAGE_OVERHEAD_FACTOR = "1.0"
In this example we would leave the overhead factor to 1 so no extra space is added since we're specifying the rootfs size that we want.


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The John Templeton Foundation has awarded three grants totaling $2.05 million to Boston College's Lynch School of Education and Human Development to fund three separate projects, each led by a different faculty member.
The first initiative, titled "Cura Psychologia," aims to transform the way that psychological science is conceptualized, taught, and practiced at six Jesuit universities: Fordham, Georgetown, Holy Cross, Loyola Marymount (Los Angeles), Seattle, and Boston College. Helmed by David M. Goodman, faculty member and the associate dean for Strategic Initiatives and External Relations, the three-year program seeks to enrich the connections between the respective psychology, philosophy, and theology departments at each of the campuses.
"If psychology is to reach its full potential as a means of not only informing our understanding of the human condition, but also aiding in the development of moral and civic virtue, then the disciplines that have traditionally dealt with character — theology and philosophy — must become essential aspects of psychological education and training," said Goodman. "The ultimate objective is to create fertile ecosystems in which these three fields of inquiry and practice can illuminate one another on topics of moral, ethical, and communal significance."
The second undertaking, led by Martin Scanlan, an associate professor in the department of Educational Leadership and Higher Education, examines the organizational, curricular, and institutional factors that advance character formation in networks of Catholic elementary, middle and secondary schools. The three-year investigation will identify the resources and constraints that schools face while holistically educating their students, and build multimedia case studies and professional development offerings to promote pedagogies of character formation more broadly, both within and beyond the field of Catholic education.
"Character formation is at the heart of Catholic schooling," said Scanlan. "Yet little is known about the challenges that schools face, as well as how to effectively capitalize on their assets in their effort to achieve that goal. The project's outcomes will help mission-driven schools across sectors leverage communities of practice to fortify their formative education methodology."
It's wonderful to see the Templeton Foundation recognize the distinctive projects being done by our faculty in the area of formative education and character development. Understanding and fostering the development of whole people, including ethical and spiritual aspects, is a particular strength of the Lynch School. It's great that one of the most important foundations in this area is recognizing the breath and importance of our work."
The third program also centers on pre-college education through a collaboration with EL Education (formerly Expeditionary Learning), a national nonprofit that partners with K-12 educators in diverse, high-need communities to transform public schools and districts into hubs of opportunity for all students. A distinctive feature of EL Education, founded over 20 years ago through the collaboration of the Harvard Graduate School of Education and Outward Bound, is its goal of developing the "curiosity, skills, knowledge, and courage needed to imagine a better world and work toward realizing it" among its students.
"A promising opportunity in EL schools for the development of such civic character is a daily meeting called 'Crew,'" said Scott Seider, an associate professor in the Counseling, Developmental & Educational Psychology department. "Students gather with a small group of peers and a teacher to build relationships and engage in honest and courageous conversations about issues that impact their lives. Although a common structure across EL schools, there is substantial variation in how educators lead their respective Crews. Our project will engage EL educators across the network to identify, test, and refine promising practices within Crew that nurture students' civic character strengths such as knowledge of social issues, feelings of social responsibility, and efficacy to effect change."
Slated to begin during the 2022-23 school year, a key outcome will be a multimedia toolkit designed to bolster the capacity and effectiveness of Crew leaders throughout the EL Education network and the 45,000 students they serve, as well as educators throughout the U.S. who are interested in implementing such advisories.
"It's wonderful to see the Templeton Foundation recognize the distinctive projects being done by our faculty in the area of formative education and character development," said Stanton E. F. Wortham, the Charles F. Donovan, S.J., Dean of the Lynch School of Education and Human Development. "Understanding and fostering the development of whole people, including ethical and spiritual aspects, is a particular strength of the Lynch School. It's great that one of the most important foundations in this area is recognizing the breath and importance of our work."
One of the nation's 25 largest grant-making philanthropies, the Templeton Foundation supports efforts to advance human wellbeing through rigorous scientific research and field-leading scholarship across the sciences, theology, and philosophy.
Phil Gloudemans | University Communications | July 2022


Bulk Email
Here is one of the best ways that a bulk emailing is accomplished:
The spreadsheet containing all the email addresses should be saved as a.csv file.
The spreadsheet should have a header row at the top of the spreadsheet, with recipients first name, last name, and email address, each as one word all lower case.
Sample Spreadsheet For Bulk Emailing
The above spreadsheet could be used to send 3 emails to me all at once.
Create a new email in your email program. I use Mozilla Thunderbird with Mail Merge add-on.
Copy & Paste the HTML code of the HTML email into the body of the email that you want to send to people listed in the spreadsheet. In Thunderbird, click Insert, choose HTML, then paste code into dialogue box.
In the To: entry, type {{email}}
(Enclose the column headings in 2 sets of curly braces.)
The Thunderbird program will automatically generate emails in the Outbox addressed to everyone in the "email" column of the spreadsheet.
If you type Dear {{firstname}} in the body of the mail, each email will have the first name of each person associated with the corresponding email address.
Choose Send Unsent Messages.
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Question: Can A Person Survive Without Oxygen?
Is dying from lack of oxygen painful?
This leads to asphyxiation (death from lack of oxygen) without the painful and traumatic feeling of suffocation (the hypercapnic alarm response, which in humans arises mostly from carbon dioxide levels rising), or the side effects of poisoning..
Can the brain repair itself after lack of oxygen?
A full recovery from severe anoxic or hypoxic brain injury is rare, but many patients with mild anoxic or hypoxic brain injuries are capable of making a full or partial recovery. Furthermore, symptoms and effects of the injury are dependent on the area(s) of the brain that was affected by the lack of oxygen.
Can we live without oxygen?
Many of these lifeforms – such as bacteria and archaea – are still living happily without oxygen today. … Until the 2010 discovery of the loriciferans, no complex multicellular lifeforms had been found that can live entirely without oxygen.
How long can humans live without oxygen?
How long can the brain go without oxygen before serious damage occurs? After five to ten minutes of not breathing, you are likely to develop serious and possibly irreversible brain damage. The one exception is when a younger person stops breathing and also becomes very cold at the same time.
Can a person still hear after they die?
What happens if you stop breathing for 1 minute?
Can a dead person cry?
Can a dying person cry?
Does dying hurt?
How long can the heart survive without oxygen?
Can you survive if your heart stops for 20 minutes?


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Configure Network Settings on Gumstix Overo Hardware
You can configure the IP settings of the Overo® hardware by running Linux® shell commands directly on the Overo hardware. Doing so allows the board to communicate over the network to which it is connected.
To inspect and reconfigure the IP settings on a board that already has the new firmware, follow the procedure in this section.
To configure the IP settings while you are replacing the firmware on your Overo hardware, see Replace Firmware on Gumstix Overo Hardware.
You may need to reconfigure the IP settings if your board:
 - Has unknown IP settings
 - Is unreachable using a network connection
 - Is being moved to a network or direct Ethernet connection that uses static IP settings
 - Is being moved from a network that used static IP settings to one that uses DHCP services
There are several conditions under which networks use DHCP or static IP settings:
 - Use DHCP services — If your board is connected to a network with DHCP services, such as an office LAN or a home network connected to the Internet. DHCP is a network service that automatically configures the IP settings of Ethernet devices connected to a network.
 - Use static IP settings — If your board is directly connected to an Ethernet port on your computer or connected to an isolated network without DHCP services.
To configure the board to use DHCP or static IP settings:
 1. Open a serial command-line session, as described in Open a Serial Command-line Session with Gumstix Overo Hardware.
 Alternatively, you can use a terminal window after accessing the Linux desktop as described in:
 2. Display the contents of the /etc/network/interfaces file. Enter:
 cat /etc/network/interfaces
 If the board is configured to use DHCP services (the default configuration), dhcp appears at the end of the following line:
 iface eth0 inet dhcp
 If the board is configured to use static IP settings, static appears at the end of the following line:
 iface eth0 inet static
 3. Create a backup of the /etc/network/interfaces file. Enter:
 If prompted, enter the root password (default: root).
 4. Edit interfaces using a simple editor called nano. Enter:
 sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces
 5. Edit the last word of line that starts with iface eth0 inet.
 To use DHCP services, change the line to:
 iface eth0 inet dhcp
 To use static IP settings, change the line to:
 iface eth0 inet static
 6. For static IP settings, add lines for address, netmask, and gateway. For example:
 iface eth0 inet static
 For static IP settings:
 - The value of the subnet mask must be the same for all devices on the network.
 - The value of the IP address must be unique for each device on the network.
 For example, if the Ethernet port on your host computer has a network mask of and a static IP address of, set:
 - netmask to use the same network mask value,
 - address to an unused IP address, between and
 7. Tell nano to exit and save the changes:
 1. Press Ctrl+X.
 2. Enter Y to save the modified buffer.
 3. For "File Name to Write: /etc/network/interfaces", press Enter.
 4. The nano editor confirms that it "Wrote # lines" and returns control to the command line.
 8. Reboot your board for the settings to take effect:
 sudo shutdown -r now
 9. Test the IP settings by logging in to the board over a telnet session.
 Note: You can use the ifconfig command to temporarily change the IP settings. Rebooting the board removes the ifconfig settings and restores the /etc/network/interfaces settings.
 To change the IP settings temporarily, open a Linux command line. Enter ifconfig, the device id, a valid IP address, netmask, and the appropriate network mask. For example:
 ifconfig eth0 netmask
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Picmonic NCLEX® Question of the Day
The nurse is interpreting the following set of laboratory values: pH: 7.47, CO2: 50mmHg, HCO3: 35mEq/L. How should the nurse interpret the following values?
Respiratory Acidosis
Respiratory Alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis
Metabolic Acidosis
These are normal values.
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If you've had a car for a while but are thinking about getting a truck, or if you're going the other direction and downsizing from a truck to a car, or even if you're just adding one, there are some changes you can expect to experience. From figuring out how to maneuver a vehicle of a vastly different size to adjusting your monthly budget for gas, there's a very real period of adjustment. One of the important differences you'll need to get a handle on, and quickly, is the difference between maintaining a car versus maintaining a truck.
Different Tools
If you prefer to do some or all of your vehicle maintenance, it's important to have the right tools on hand to get the job done. Because of the difference in size between a car and a truck, the size of the tools you're going to need will likely be different as well. By way of example, it's important to make sure you choose the right jack for your vehicle. Because trucks are much heavier than cars, you'll need a jack that can handle a greater amount of weight than what you would need for a car.
Different Engine Cleaners
All vehicles benefit from having cleaner engines. That said, there are some important differences in the engines of trucks and cars that can impact how you maintain them. Generally speaking, truck engines tend to be bigger than car engines, which means that you'll need larger quantities of cleaners. The changes to maintenance needs differ further if your truck has a diesel engine. If you have a diesel engine, you need to make sure you clean your diesel injectors regularly. It's also important to make sure you use oils designed for diesel since they have additives and detergents that are intended to help keep the engine cleaner.
Different Maintenance Schedules
Cars and trucks can differ greatly in how they are used. Trucks can be used to tow things, haul heavy loads, and traverse terrain that a car would struggle with at best. Cars, on the other hand, tend to be used more to get from one place to another. Because of the difference in use, the maintenance schedule is often quite different. Trucks can benefit from following a special or severe use maintenance schedule that cars may not require to stay in good condition.
Understanding the differences between maintenance for trucks and cars is an important part of making sure you can keep your vehicles in good working order. The different tools needed, different engine cleaners required, and the different maintenance schedules are just a few examples of changes you can expect to encounter when going from one to the other. Keep your vehicle running smoothly and extend its life by making sure you know how to take care of it properly.
Read this next: Situations That Require Your Business to Carry Extra Liability Insurance
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text:
The Open Siddur is a collaboration between individuals committed to the development of a complete framework for producing personally customized Jewish Prayer books. The framework includes a core archive of digitized siddur content accessible under permissive copyright licenses, the data encoding standards and procedures under which the content is stored, and a web application and user interface for users to generate a personally customized siddur from traditional and user-contributed sources.
The Open Siddur was first conceived in 2000 by Aharon Varady as an open source project archiving the sections of the Siddur, tagged according to the era of their composition and allowing user edits and user-contributions via a PERL/MySQL backend. This vision was in part inspired by Rabbi Jacob Freedman's Polychrome Historical Haggadah (1974). Rabbi Freedman's innovation was to clearly represent the text of the Haggadah and Siddur as aggregate texts with different authors and periods of composition. (See Freedman's color coded legend included on a bookmark distributed with his Haggadah. In a pamphlet illustrating his vision for a Polychrome Historical Jewish Prayerbook, Rabbi Freedman wrote:
This is perhaps the first attempt to present for publication a polychrome historical prayerbook. The author herewith presents a random selection of prayers in colors merely as examples to show the various levels of historical development….The marginal symbols, also in color, indicate the period when certain prayers or phrases were first formulated and/ or introduced into the prayerbook. The references are not to be considered exhaustive.
Freedman passed away in 1986 before he could complete negotiations for the publication of his prayerbook, and tragically, his manuscript is now lost. Considering that Freedman's use of color amounted to an early application of metadata to text, it seemed clear that a much more nuanced approach to the origin and inclusion of text in the Siddur could be supported with open source database technologies.
The Open Siddur Project remained an intriguing idea for years due to the lack of available copyright accessible digitized text of the siddur, and the lack of mature technology to automate transcription of Public Domain source material (i.e., Hebrew OCR tools that recognize nikkudot and other diacritical marks).
During this time, a graduate student at Harvard, Efraim Feinstein, was looking for an active Free and Open Source (FOSS) project for developing a siddur. A self-taught hacker, Feinstein found that the other existing projects were either technologically inadequate to the task, or insufficiently supportive of free culture values. While Varady's "Open Siddur Project" proposed a similar idea, a six year old web page without a code base made him think that the author had gone on to other things and that the project was forgotten. Finding no active and worthwhile project to partner with, Efraim began on his own, calling it the Jewish Liturgy Project (JLP) because "all the obvious names were taken".
Feinstein coded on and off, going through different versions of standard and non-standard methods of XML encoding, and finally settling on an encoding schema defined by the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI). Efraim began transcribing a haggadah over a period of two months, from January to March 2008. Not wanting to announce the project until he had produced something minimal to release, the project was not made public until the first code was committed to Google Code on December 10, 2008.
Later that month, on December 31, 2008, a young self-taught Brooklyn hacker named Azriel Fasten contacted both Feinstein and Varady, asking the latter about reviving the Open Siddur. Varady and Feinstein were soon introduced and agreed on a common vision for the project. Feinstein, who fully embraces the culture of free and open source software development, welcomed Varady's willingness to contribute, and was happy to connect his project to that of the Open Siddur name. Varady was overjoyed that a passionate developer community was coalescing around this newly shared vision and was eager to help Feinstein lay the foundations for a robust server process, XML encoded digital text archive, and web application.
Development of the Open Siddur focuses primarily on building core processes, standards, and text resources. We are in dire need of help developing UI web and app interfaces to take advantage of our back-end sever architecture.
For more detail, please check out our list of Milestones. Discussion of the Open Siddur continues on our discussion list and project development continues on the code base hosted at Google code. Transcription of texts and project documentation is available at our documentation wiki.
Media inquiries can be directed to our Hierophant, Aharon Varady, via our contact page.
If you use twitter, you can follow our tweets here.