text:
Underwater Signaling Devices: Introduction
Underwater signaling devices are used as a means of communication between divers engaged in underwater activities. Deep sea and oceans are largely unexplored and are occupied by unknown and unpredictable marine life creatures, making communicating underwater an essential part for any underwater activity. Underwater signaling devices help divers to stay alert while approaching aquatic animals or any unforeseen danger. Being able to communicate with fellow divers, especially in case of emergencies, is very important for underwater diving activities. Hence, the signaling devices form an essential part of diving kits. The two types of underwater signaling devices that are mainly used by divers are visual and audible. Visual underwater signaling devices mainly use strobe or other types of lights to signal or gain the attention of fellow divers, while the audible underwater signaling devices use sound. The type of device used depends on various factors, such as time of day (day or night), environment and circumstance. Visual underwater signaling devices are used when it's dark or in presence of aquatic animals, while audible underwater signaling devices are more preferred in case of extreme emergencies as they often annoy fellow divers or animals in the vicinity.
Underwater signaling devices are used by divers involved in scuba diving, navy, marine activities, underwater installations of pipelines and subsea operations in oil and gas industry. Often, underwater signaling devices can be the difference between life and death for the divers involved in marine activities.
Underwater Signaling Devices: Dynamics
Adventure and tourism segment will create major demand for underwater signaling devices as adventure activities, such as scuba diving and snorkeling, are gaining more popularity among tourists, especially millennials. This, in turn, is giving rise to more and more scuba diving centers around the world. Within the oil and gas industry, offshore field developments are on the rise given the exponential increase in the number of new fields discovered in North Sea, Gulf of Mexico and in the Pacific waters. Offshore installations require the use of divers and Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) for the execution of various projects. Hence, underwater signaling devices will witness greater demand from the oil and gas industry segment. Given their discreet nature, underwater signaling devices are also used by navy personnel engaging in complex underwater missions, but will account for the lowest market share.
Since, underwater signaling devices are essential for all underwater marine activities, there are not many factors challenging the growth of the market. However, audible devices may face some challenge as they annoy fellow divers during scuba diving activities and scare off animals.
Underwater Signaling Devices: Market Segmentation
On the basis of industry, the global Underwater Signaling Devices has been segmented as:
- Oil & Gas
- Adventure & Tourism
On the basis of type, the global underwater signaling devices has been segmented as:
- Visual underwater signaling devices
- Audible underwater signaling devices
On the basis of depth, the global Underwater Signaling Devices has been segmented as:
- Deep Water
- Shallow Water
Underwater Signaling Devices: Regional Overview
North and Latin America have some of the best scuba diving locations spread across Mexico, Ecuador, Honduras and Belize and with the Gulf of Mexico being one of the most active offshore locations in the oil and gas industry, both regions will occupy strong market share for underwater signaling devices. Increased oil and gas activity in North Sea coupled with great adventure locations along the coastal line will help boost the underwater signaling devices market in Western Europe. Asia-Pacific will also witness decent growth in the underwater signaling devices market given the presence of various islands and booming oil and gas activity in the Pacific waters. Middle East and Africa will register lowest growth in the underwater signaling devices market during the forecast period.
Global Underwater Signaling Devices: Key Players
Examples of some of the market participants identified across the value chain of the global Underwater Signaling Devices are:
- XS Scuba
- AQUATEC - DUTON INDUSTRY CO., LTD.
- Lancaster Scuba Center
- Innovative Scuba Concepts
- Scuba Max
This analytical research study imparts an all-inclusive assessment on the market, while propounding historical intelligence, actionable insights, and industry-validated & statistically-upheld market forecast. Verified and suitable set of assumptions and methodology has been leveraged for developing this comprehensive study. Information and analysis on key market segments incorporated in the report has been delivered in weighted chapters. A thorough analysis has been offered by the report on
- Market Dynamics
- Market Size
- Market Segments
- Demand & Supply Trends
- Current Issues and Challenges
- Companies and Competitor Landscape
- Value Chain
Regional Segments Analyzed Include
- North America (U.S., Canada)
- Latin America (Mexico. Brazil)
- Western Europe (Germany, Italy, France, U.K, Spain)
- Eastern Europe (Poland, Russia)
- Asia Pacific (China, India, ASEAN, Australia & New Zealand)
- Middle East and Africa (GCC, S. Africa, N. Africa)
Compilation of authentic and first-hand intelligence, insights offered in the report are based on quantitative and qualitative assessment by leading industry experts, and inputs from opinion leaders & industry participants around the value chain. Growth determinants, macroeconomic indicators, and parent market trends have been scrutinized and delivered, coupled with the market attractiveness for each market segment encompassed. Qualitative impact of growth influencers on the market segments across regions has also been mapped by the report.
Highlights from the Report
- Elaborated scenario of the parent market
- Transformations in the market dynamics
- Detailed segmentation of the target market
- Historical, current and forecast market size based on value and volume
- Latest industry developments and trends
- Competition landscape
- Strategies adopted by the market players and product developments made
- Potential and niche segments, along with their regional analysis
- Unbiased analysis on performance of the market
- Up-to-date and must-have intelligence for the market players to enhance and sustain their competitiveness
NOTE - All statements of fact, opinion, or analysis expressed in reports are those of the respective analysts. They do not necessarily reflect formal positions or views of Fact.MR
Fact.MR offers custom research services that help clients to get specific research solutions


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As you assess suitable construction man hoists for your site, you'll look at issues like height and load capacity to start with. After all, you need a hoist that can carry your men and materials efficiently and safely.
At this stage, it's also worth digging a little deeper into how hoists work. For example, there are some benefits to choosing a hoist that runs on a variable frequency drive (VFD) motor.
What are the advantages of going with a VFD option?
Get Smoother Lift
A regular hoist motor needs to be powerful enough to raise and lower the lift and any personnel or materials it carries. Basic motors can do this; however, they tend to lack flexibility.
When the motor of a construction hoist starts, it moves to its full capacity quickly. It needs to power up fast to get moving. This often makes the lift jolt as it starts and stops. It can also make for a bumpy ride. Your crews might not much like riding in the hoist, especially if it takes them up to a significant height. They may not feel safe or comfortable. Plus, any materials you put in the hoist will have to be packed carefully and maybe even tied down. Jerks and jolts could move materials around. This can be dangerous, and it can also cause some damage.
A VFD motor gives you a much smoother ride. It doesn't need a sudden shock start but can make the hoist operate much more steadily and evenly at both the start and stop stages.
Get Variable Speeds
Some hoists work at a set speed. You can't change how fast or slow the hoist travels. This can be frustrating and might also give you some loading headaches. For example, if your hoist speed is slow, then it'll take longer to get your crews to and from their work areas. If you have a faster hoist, then this might cause problems with fragile or breakable materials that really should travel extra carefully.
A VFD motor gives you more speed control. You can choose how fast or slow the hoist travels depending on its load. If you find that the hoist is going too fast and is making fragile materials move around too much, then you can simply slow it down to stabilise the load.
For information on VFD motors and well they work with construction man hoists, talk to your equipment supplier or hire company.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Behind the ball fields, playgrounds, picnic tables and pretty fishing-lake, there are three hiking trails through this Macedonia city park.
Because the individual trails are rather short (combined, they total 3 miles) and the park is full of play equipment, Longwood is a great destination
Some aspects to consider when rating this park or playground:
1. Is the park, playground or recreational facility safe?
2. Is it clean and well maintained?
3. Does the park provide an active, creative or educational experience?
4. Is the park parent and child friendly?
5. Is it toddler, pre-k, small and big kid friendly?


text:
The independent variable must be typed as x for evaluation. Type an expression into the box and press Enter key in your keyboard to evaluate.
assign 2 to x, then calculate x^2.
define function f(x), then calculate f(2).
inverse matrix, more matrix operations are in matrix calculator.
for animation, add the timer(t) function and change animation speed by the different t value.
plot the 0.5 order derivative = semi derivative
plot the -0.5 order derivative = semi integral
matrix calculator and math calculator and web editor


Re: Best practices: representing homonym relationships in SKOS
From: Thomas Bandholtz
Date: Sat, 14 Nov 2009 20:10:18 +0100
Message-ID: <_EMAIL_>
To: Bradley Allen
Hi Bradley,
thanks a lot for raising this question, as currently we have discussions
about different approaches of Label management in SKOS(XL), and the
homograph issue has been somehow neglected so far.
Karl has mentioned the difference between homographs and homophones already.
I would say: homographs - same spelling, different meaning ("graph" has
nothing to do with an RDF graph in this case).
homophones - same sound (phonetics), different meaning.
As SKOS(XL) is dealing with lexical aspects ("literal form") rather than
with phonetics (at least so far), we have to care for homographs at first.
One example:
(not a homophone).
This is a common practise, not a standard.
In SKOS you may say:
 a skos:Concept ;
 skos:prefLabel "bass [fish]".
 a skos:Concept ;
 skos:prefLabel "bass [music]".
You might also drop the qualifiers:
 a skos:Concept ;
 skos:prefLabel "bass".
 a skos:Concept ;
 skos:prefLabel "bass".
Then express the different meanings by some semantic relation to a more
specific thing for each of them:
 skos:related .
 skos:related .
There is absolutely no semantic relation between and , it is only
a lexical relation.
Such a lexical relation you can express in SKOSXL in detail (if you want
to do so at all).
In UMTHES we use the following pattern:
 a skos:Concept ;
 skosxl:prefLabel .
 a skos:Concept ;
 skosxl:prefLabel .
 a skosxl:Label ;
 skosxl:literalForm "bass [fish]" ;
 umt:homograph ;
 umt:qualifier .
 a skosxl:Label ;
 skosxl:literalForm "bass [music]" ;
 umt:homograph ;
 umt:qualifier .
 a skosxl:Label ;
 skosxl:literalForm "bass".
 a skosxl:Label ;
 skosxl:literalForm "fish".
 a skosxl:Label ;
 skosxl:literalForm "music".
where umt:homograph and umt:qualifier both are subProperties of
Note that we have only one label "bass" here, as we think that semantics
are in the Concepts, not in the Labels.
Labels are dumb character strings only.
Well, I would be curious to see more examples from different vocabularies.
Best regards,
Bradley Allen schrieb:
> Apologies if you've seen this on the LOD or SW lists, but it is
> probably better posed to this audience: is there any best practice or,
> failing that, good ideas for representing homonymy in SKOS? Best I can
> come up with is subclassing skos:semanticRelation with something like
> skos:homonym, and letting the client sort out which of the lexical
> labels might be involved. Not excited about the need to go to a class
> representation for labels; even less interested in anything involving
> RDF collections. - cheers, BPA
> Bradley P. Allen
> _URL_
> _PHONE_
Thomas Bandholtz, _EMAIL_, _URL_
Received on Saturday, 14 November 2009 19:10:49 GMT


out limb
1 [lim]
a large or main branch of a tree.
a person or thing regarded as a part, member, branch, offshoot, or scion of something: a limb of the central committee.
Archery. the upper or lower part of a bow.
Informal. a mischievous child, imp, or young scamp.
verb (used with object)
to cut the limbs from (a felled tree).
out on a limb, in a dangerous or compromising situation; vulnerable: The company overextended itself financially and was soon out on a limb.
before 900; Middle English, Old English lim; akin to Old Norse lim foliage, limr limb, līmi rod, Latin līmus aslant, līmen threshold
limbless, adjective
1. extremity. 2. See branch.
Dictionary.com Unabridged
Cite This Source Link To out limb
World English Dictionary
limb1 (lɪm)
1. an arm or leg, or the analogous part on an animal, such as a wing
2. any of the main branches of a tree
3. a branching or projecting section or member; extension
4. a person or thing considered to be a member, part, or agent of a larger group or thing
5. chiefly (Brit) a mischievous child (esp in limb of Satanorlimb of the devil)
6. out on a limb
 a. in a precarious or questionable position
 b. (Brit) isolated, esp because of unpopular opinions
7. (tr) a rare word for dismember
[Old English lim; related to Old Norse limr]
limb2 (lɪm)
1. the edge of the apparent disc of the sun, a moon, or a planet
2. a graduated arc attached to instruments, such as the sextant, used for measuring angles
3. botany
 a. the expanded upper part of a bell-shaped corolla
 b. the expanded part of a leaf, petal, or sepal
4. either of the two halves of a bow
5. Also called: fold limb either of the sides of a geological fold
[C15: from Latin limbus edge]
Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition
Cite This Source
Word Origin & History
O.E. lim "limb, joint, main branch of a tree," from P.Gmc. *limu- (cf. O.N. limr "limb," lim "small branch of a tree"), a variant of *liþu- (cf. O.E. liþ, O.Fris. lith, O.N. liðr, Goth. liþus "a limb;" with prefix ga-, source of Ger. glied "limb, member"), from PIE base *lei- "to
bend, be movable, be nimble." The parasitic -b began to appear late 1500s for no reason. In O.E., M.E., and until lately in dial., it could mean "any visible body part."
"The lymmes of generacion were shewed manyfestly." [Caxton, "The subtyl historyes and fables of Esope, Auyan, Alfonce, and Poge," 1484]
Hence, limb-lifter "fornicator" (1570s). To go out on a limb in figurative sense is from 1897. Life and limb in ref. to the body inclusively is from c.1200.
1590s, "edge of a quadrant or other instrument," from L. limbus "border, hem, fringe, edge," cognate with Skt. lambate "hangs down," English limp. Astronomical sense of "edge of the disk of a heavenly body" first attested 1670s.
Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper
Cite This Source
American Heritage
Medical Dictionary
limb (lĭm)
 1. One of the paired jointed extremities of the body; an arm or a leg.
 2. A segment of such a jointed structure.
The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary
Cite This Source
American Heritage
Science Dictionary
limb (lĭm) Pronunciation Key
 1. One of the appendages of an animal, such as an arm of a starfish, the flipper of dolphins, or the arm and leg of a human, used for locomotion or grasping.
 2. The expanded tip of a plant organ, such as a petal or corolla lobe.
 3. The circumferential edge of the apparent disk of a celestial body.
The American Heritage® Science Dictionary
Cite This Source
Copyright © 2014 Dictionary.com, LLC. All rights reserved.
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Restraint and Restraint Factors of Concrete
If movement (expansion and/or contraction) is restricted within a young concrete element, tensile stresses will develop which will lead to cracking. This restriction to movement is normally referred to as restraint. Restraints may be internal or external to the element. Internal restraint occurs due to differential temperature changes within a mass concrete element and can cause surface and/or internal cracking. However, it is only significant in very thick sections (1000 mm or more). Internal restraints are not considered in this article.
External restraints are due to the support/casting condition of the concrete. However, external restraints take two basic forms;
(1) End restraints
(2) Edge restraints
End restraint
End restraints occurs when the edges of a young concrete are prevented from movement (see Figure below). This typically occurs in suspended slab cast between rigid cores, walls or columns, in infill bays, ground slab cast on piles, large area ground slabs restrained locally, e.g. by piles, columns or column foundations or by a build up of friction, walls cast against secant, contiguous concrete or steel sheet piled walls etc (CIRIA C660).
Schematic model of end restraint in concrete
Edge restraint
This typically occurs where the young concrete section (say a wall) is cast on a hardened concrete base (see Figure below). This means that restriction is only in one direction, and there is interaction between the old and new concrete in terms of distribution of cracks. Edge restraint is different from end restraint because the crack width is a function of restrained strain rather than the tensile capacity of the concrete.
Schematic model of edge restraint in concrete
In some cases also, there can be combination of end restraint and edge restraint.
Restraint Factors
The level of restraint in a young concrete imposed by adjoining element is commonly described using restraint factors. The degree of restraint, R, is generally defined as the ratio between the actual stress in a contracting body and the stress imposed under full restraint.
Degree of restraint R = Actual imposed stress / Imposed stress at full restraint
It is recognised that is difficult to determine the degree of restraint correctly, but it is important to obtain restraint factors that are as accurate as possible. According to CIRIA C660, the restraint factors given by BS 8110-2 and HA BD 28/87 reflects true restraint values, while the restraint factors from BS 8007 and EN 1992-3 has a modification factor of 0.5 to account for creep under sustained loading.
ACI (1990) (cited by CIRIA C660) developed method for estimating edge restraint based on the relative geometry and stiffness of the old and new concrete. The equation is given by;
Restraint at the joint Rj = 1/(1 + AnEn/AoEo)
An is Cross-sectional area of the new (restrained) pour
Ao is the cross-sectional area of the old concrete
En is the modulus of elasticity of the new pour concrete
Eo is the modulus of elasticity of the old concrete
However, CIRIA C660 identified that the relative areas of influence of Ao and An may be difficult to define. Therefore the following simple rules were recommended;
 1. For a wall cast at the edge of a slab (An/Ao) = (hn/ho) (thickness of new concrete/thickness of old concrete)
 2. For wall cast remote from the edge of the slab (An/Ao) = (hn/2ho)
 3. En/Eo ranges from 0.7 to 0.8 (but 0.8 is recommended)
Based on CIRIA C660, the values in Table 1 can be used for edge restraint based on An/Ao or An/2Ao ratio.
Table 1: Values of Edge Restraint Factors (According to CIRIA C660)
The values of restraint factors for different conditions as given by different codes is summarised in the Table 2.
Table 2: Values of Restraint Factors (BS 8110-2 and EN 1992-3)
Thank you very much for reading.
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text:
With marching season in full swing, flutists often suffer from upper body tension and head and arm fatigue as longer and more rehearsals are scheduled for upcoming festivals and competitions. The flute's position to the right side of the body, with arms raised to hold the instrument up while marching, puts an unnatural strain on the head, neck, arms, hands, back, and upper body muscles.
Follow these steps during each practice to lessen fatigue and manage the flute like a pro!
Marching band warmups often include stretching exercises to prepare, strengthen, and maintain body health. Stretch first, focusing on large muscle groups such as the upper back, shoulders, and arms, then add simple calisthenics to warm up and avoid muscle strain. Examples include reaching for the sky, touching toes, jumping jacks, or running in place.
Bring Shoulders Down, Not Up
As tension increases through physical exertion in a long practice, remember to avoid raising the shoulders by thinking down, not up.
Relax Arms Frequently
When the band breaks to reset or repeat a chart, remember to drop your arms to increase blood flow and eliminate strain on tired muscles. If the brass section or pit is rehearsing, relax the body by breathing deeply and loosening the upper body and back.
Loosen Your Wrists
Hand tension can lead to permanent injury, and tight wrists behind the hand limits motion and blood circulation to the fingers. Remember that finger motion begins in the arms, travels through the wrist, and goes across the bridge of the hand to reach the fingers. If wrists are tight, particularly in cold temperatures on the marching field, injuries often result.
Maintain Air Support
Deep breathing supports physical movement and develops endurance needed for success on the marching field, so add deep breathing exercises before, during, and after practice.


text:
X-Ray And Electron Microprobe Analysis Of Some Plagioclases From The Jabal Abu Safiyah Intrusion
MetadataShow full item record
The Jabal Abu Safiyah is a layered intrusion, which was emplaced within volcanosedimentary rocks. It extends in an arc for about 15 km and displays clear layering. The lower zone plagioclases were studied by electron microprobe and X-ray diffraction techniques to investigate their chemistry and structural state. Cumulus plagioclase forms the dominant phase in all thin sections studied, except in the amphibolized clinopyroxenite. Cumulus plagioclases from the lower zone of the Jabal Abu Safiyah intrusion have a slightly ordered structural state. It is suggested that the structural state of these plagioclases was formed during sub-solidus crystallization at intermediate temperature. The slightly ordered structural state is in good agreement with the petrographic characteristics of the plagioclases studied.
- Qatar University Science Journal - [From 1981 TO 2007] [770 items ]


text:
Tom Wessels, MA
Department of Environmental Studies
Frost pockets generally occur in concave landscapes such as basins or topographic depressions where nighttime temperatures may be substantially lower than the surrounding landscape as a result of downward drainage of cool air and radiational cooling. Such local variation in temperature may have important effects on species composition and structure, flower and fruit production, herbivory and morphological variability. I conducted a study on Mantague Plain in central New England in order to determine whether similar frost pockets may occur in topographically level areas dominated by scrub oak (Quercus ilicifolia). Although the site selected for investigation is nearly level, it exhibits a dramatic change in the height of scrub oak when moving from the edge to the center of scrub oak-dominated stands. Weekly measurements of maximum/minimum temperatures and leaf development indicate that location and minimum temperature are strongly correlated with variation in leaf phenology in scrub oak. Te results of these analyses support the hypothesis that microclimate and location have an effect on leaf phenology of scrub oak in shrub thickets on Montague Plain.


text:
If you are sitting in a boat or in St. Nicholas, a sound coming from the north shore will sound louder than the same sound heard by a person on land. Sound can be amplified when it travels over water.
The reason is that the water cools the air above its surface, which then slows down the sound waves near the surface. This causes refraction or bending of the sound wave, such that more sound reaches the boat passenger or St Nicholas resident. Sound waves skimming the surface of the water can add to the amplification effect, if the water is calm.
The speed of sound is the distance travelled during a unit of time by a sound wave propagating through an elastic medium. In dry air at 68 °F, the speed of sound is 1,126 ft/s. This is 768 mph, or approximately one mile in five seconds.
However, the speed of sound varies from substance to substance. Sound travels faster in liquids and non-porous solids than it does in air. It travels about 4.3 times as fast in water 4868.766 f/s, and nearly 15 times as fast in iron 16,797.9 f/s than in air at 68F degrees.
Just hold the concerts on wet windy days when the water is at a chop and you'll have no complaints.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The Isle of Man Green Party has said extraction of gas from the Manx seabed would be 'incompatible' with the island's Climate Change Act and the Paris Climate Agreement.
In a statement, the party has called on the gov to stop the exploration process at the end of the four month extension granted to Crogga to allow it to complete surveys.
The party said that it had written to CoMin asking ministers not to extend Crogga's licence, which was due to expire on December 31 2021.
It said: 'In the knowledge that Phase B of the licence awarded to Crogga in 2018 to explore for fossil fuels in the Isle of Man seabed was coming to an end at the end of 2021, and it being understood that if certain obligations had not been met by Crogga the licence would expire and automatically cease, the Green Party wrote on December 14 2021 to each Minister of the Council of Ministers, including the Chief Minister, setting out cogent reasons why the licence should not be extended.
'The Green Party's letter set out the realities of how climate change is impacting the Isle of Man, including the increasing prevalence of droughts, extreme rainfall, and erosion from a more volatile and expanding Irish sea. It is clearly stated by the relevant science that extreme climate change in the Isle of Man and elsewhere is being caused by carbon emissions, that the consequences of the same will be hugely damaging to our community and communities globally, and that we must urgently decarbonise and transition to renewable forms of energy. Gas is a high carbon fuel that is contributing to extreme climate change; accordingly, the Government should be introducing policies to reduce its use in order to protect our island community.'
In the letter, which can be seen below, the party said that any extensions would be 'in direct contradiction to the Government's commitments, amongst other things, in respect of the United Nations Paris Agreement, to undertake efforts to keep global heating to 1.5°C, and the Government's climate change duties pursuant to the Climate Change Act 2021'.
They said that after the extension was granted, they wrote to DoI Minister Tim Crookall asking for an explanation, but that they had not received a response.
Its statement added: 'Given the promises of action that emanated from the members of this Government in the 2021 election, the Green Party hopes that the Government will now take decisive action to end the licence in its entirety upon the expiry of the extension, and immediately commence the much needed investment in renewable energy.'


text:
Census of Non-Agriculture Economic Enterprices
The registration of non-agricultural enterprises shall mean a survey of all non-agricultural entities that operate in the whole territory of Albania, to provide complete and economical identification information.
In this recording include public administration, NGO-s and international organizations.
The purpose of registration
Census of non-agriculture economic enterpricess made in order to:
- - provide comprehensive and detailed information for entities non farm territory of Republic of Albania;
- - to provide reliable statistical data needed for planning and implementing the implementation of the general policies of economic development;
- - update the register of non-agricultural entities and create registry local economic units;
- - to improve the quality of existing identifiers and economic indicators, as well as make the definition of new indicators, especially economic ones;
- - identify the relationship that exists between the legal entity and the entity nonagricultural.


Extracting meaning from text of recipe ingredients
A unsupervised approach to extracting core tokens from text (specifically the base of an ingredient description).
A few months ago, I wrote my first post using R, which performed a basic analysis on data scraped from Allrecipes.com. At the time, I wanted to group recipes by their ingredients, but found it difficult due to the way Allrecipes formats each recipe's ingredient list. So I set myself the challenge of extracting the core of each ingredient description.
The Problem:
Determine each ingredient's core without supervision
The Constraints:
 - No dictionary of ingredients to make the problem easier
 - No manually tagging a subset of ingredients
Simplifying Assumptions:
 - Each ingredient can be represented by a single word
Unfortunately the simplifying assumption means that pepper, to taste and 1 green bell pepper, diced will both be associated with the same core of pepper, but I found that to make an incredible difference in helping lower the problem's difficulty.
This is similar to a "most representative subset" problem.
Two approaches are detailed in this post:
 1. Using a linear program to choose the appropriate tokens
 2. Using an iterative "learning" approach to choose the appropriate tokens
Note the first method was unsuccessful, while the second proved more successful.
Also note that these are only two of the many methods I attempted. Some were lost in a hard drive failure, and others were just… the worst.
Data acquisition
I scraped recipes from Allrecipes.com using Selenium, a tool that opens and controls a web browser programatically. A blog post about the scraping is available here.
Data cleaning
First, transforming the output of scraping into a series of ingredients.
# import data
df = pd.read_csv("scraped_data.csv", index_col=0)
df = df[df['ingredients'].notna()]
# unstack each row's ingredients into a single entry in a series of ingredients
df.set_index('recipe_key', inplace=True)
ingredients = df['ingredients'].apply(pd.Series).stack()
ingredients.index = ingredients.reset_index().apply(lambda row:"{}_{}".format(row['recipe_key'], row['level_1']), axis=1).values
Now, what we have looks like:
1 red bell pepper, julienned
1/2 cup heavy cream
1/3 cup firmly packed brown sugar
1/4 cup mango chutney
32 fluid ounces Kentucky bourbon
1/2 cup chopped peanuts
2 tablespoons milk
1/2 teaspoon garlic salt
2 cups thinly sliced red cabbage
The next step is to clean the strings.
My theory was that most ingredients are formatted as follows:
# unit adjective noun, adjective (misc. extra information) - adjectives conjunctions adjectives
Cleaning will include removing digits/anything inside parenthesis, and using lemmatization to combine plurals.
def parse_text(s):
 Accepts a series of strings, and applies multiple cleaning steps. Returns a series of strings.
 from nltk.stem import WordNetLemmatizer
 wnl = WordNetLemmatizer()
 def lemmatize(string):
 for word in re.findall(r"[a-z]+", string):
 string = string.replace(word, wnl.lemmatize(word, 'n') if's' in word[-3:] else word)
 return string
 # remove anything inside paranthesis
 s = s.apply(lambda x:re.sub(r"\([^\)]+\)", '', x))
 # remove anything containing a digit
 s = s.apply(lambda x:re.sub(r"\S*\d\S*", '', x))
 # make everything lowercase
 s = s.str.lower()
 # remove plurals where possible
 s = s.apply(lemmatize)
 # remove non-word characters except for, and -
 s = s.apply(lambda x:' '.join(re.findall(r"[-,''\w]+", x)))
 _TAG_ excess whitespace
 s = s.apply(lambda x:re.sub(r"\s+",'', x).strip())
 # only keep entries with data after cleaning
 s = s[s!='']
 return s
Looking at a few sample strings:
30 (2 inch) unbaked tart shellsunbaked tart shell
1 (16 ounce) package uncooked linguine pastapackage uncooked linguine pasta
4 cups all-purpose flourcup all-purpose flour
2 lemons, juicedlemon, juiced
1 pound medium shrimp - peeled and deveinedpound medium shrimp - peeled and deveined
All we have to do now is choose the token (word) that represents each full string.
First Approach (miserable failure)
The first attempt relied on an integer program. If you're unfamiliar with linear (and by extension, integer) programs, check out wikipedia's entry on the subject here.
Generic Formulation (in math):
Formulation (in English):
Choose a subset of tokens (\(x\)) to designate as "core" tokens
With the goal of minimizing the cost of these selected "core" tokens (\(C^T x\))
Subject to:
 - every ingredient must contain at least one "core" token (\(Ax \leq b\))
 - every ingredient must contain two or fewer "core" tokens (\(Ax \leq b\))
 - every entry in \(x\) is binary (associated token is either "core" or is not "core")
First, the constraints: simply using scikit-learn's CountVectorizer implementation, we can obtain a matrix that looks like:
In this toy example, token_0 appears in ingredient_1, while token_1 appears in both ingredient_0 and ingredient_1.
Implementation is easy:
def get_A_matrix(s):
 '''Apply CountVectorizer and only retain tokens that are alphabetic.'''
 from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import CountVectorizer
 model = CountVectorizer(binary=True, stop_words=None, ngram_range=(1, 1),
 tokenizer=lambda x:nltk.word_tokenize(x))
 data = pd.DataFrame(model.fit_transform(s).todense(), index=s.index, columns=model.get_feature_names())
 return data.loc[:, [x.isalpha() for x in data.columns]]
Now, each row of A is a representation of each ingredient description, which we can use to force the linear program to choose at least one token for each ingredient.
More complicated is the penalties. For each token, we need a penalty associated with choosing that particular token as a "core" ingredient.
I decided to penalize 4 things. If a token:
 1. appears after certain strings (usually punctuation), or
 2. appears as the first token in an ingredient, or
 3. appears earlier in an ingredient, or
 4. has a certain part of speech,
it should be "more expensive". Each penalty gets its own weight, usually passed as a dictionary.
The colossal function to find these penalties for each token looks like:
def penalties(processed, pos_dict, split_dict, desc_penalty, first_penalty):
 Returns penalties for each token in processed, penalizing those that appear after strings in split_dict,
 those that appear first in a string with first_penalty, those that appear earlier in strings with desc_penalty,
 and those with parts of speech in pos_dict.
 def get_split_penalties(processed, split_string):
 '''Penalizes tokens that appear after split_string.'''
 s = pd.Series()
 for lst in processed[processed.str.contains(split_string)].apply(lambda x:x.split(split_string)).values:
 for index, section in enumerate(lst):
 for token in nltk.word_tokenize(section):
 s = s.append(pd.Series({token:index/(len(lst)-1)}))
 return s.groupby(s.index).mean().rename(split_string)
 def get_pos_penalties(processed, pos_dict):
 '''Penalizes tokens with {part_of_speech:penalty} given by pos_dict'''
 pos_probs = pd.Series({x:nltk.pos_tag([x])[0][1] for x in set(nltk.word_tokenize(' '.join(processed)))}).apply(lambda x:x[:2])
 pos_probs = pd.get_dummies(pos_probs[[x.isalpha() for x in pos_probs.index]])
 for key, prob in pos_dict.items():
 pos_probs[key] = pos_probs[key]*prob
 return pos_probs.max(axis=1).rename('POS')
 def order_penalties(processed, first_penalty, desc_penalty):
 '''Penalizes tokens that appear earlier in strings'''
 from collections import defaultdict
 indices_dict = defaultdict(list)
 for string in processed:
 words = nltk.word_tokenize(string)
 for ind, word in enumerate(words):
 if ind==0:
 return pd.Series({key:np.mean(val) for key, val in indices_dict.items()}).rename('order')*desc_penalty
 # return sum of penalties
 c_T = pd.concat([get_pos_penalties(processed, pos_dict),
 order_penalties(processed, first_penalty, desc_penalty),
 pd.concat([get_split_penalties(processed, key)*value for key, value in split_dict.items()],
 axis=1, sort=True)
 ], axis=1, join='outer', sort=True).sum(axis=1)
 return c_T[[x.isalpha() for x in c_T.index]]
If your eyes just glazed over, that's normal. Suffice to say the result of penalties(**args) is a series, where the index is a single token (word), and the value is the penalty assigned to it, given **args. A larger penalty means the word should be


text:
Swelling and lifting of lower paint layers when new paint is applied. Problem may occur during painting or drying.
- Flash-off time too long when working wet on wet with 2K products (gel phase)
- Recoating of solvent-sensitive layers (NC/TPA) with the wrong repair materials or with excessive film builds
- Film thickness of sealing coats too low (applied too thin or sanded down too far)
- Substrate layers not thoroughly drie
HOW TO AVOID
- Always keep to recommended flash-off times.
- Carry out a solvent test and select a suitable paint system.
- Keep to recommended film builds.
- Re-dry the substrate, if necessary (e.g., with IR lamps)
Sand down the paint system to a "sound" surface. Refinish using the recommended undercoats and topcoats.


text:
Appending to a string
If you come from another language, you might be tempted to use the += operator when appending to a string.
my_str = "Marco " my_str += "Polo"
It works… but there is a better way to do it : the << method.
my_str = "Marco " my_str << "Polo"
I have removed my initial claim about operator precedence as it isn't really accurate. There is a much better reason to use << instead of += when appending to a string... something I didn't even realize (Thanks to Gregory). += will create a new String instance and will assign it to your left object. On the other hand, << will append the new string directly into your already existing left object. One could argue that += is only different than << and not better, but to me << is what you'll want to use 99% of the time (if not 100%) when appending to a String. I have yet to see a real case where one would want to "lose" it's existing String instance just to get a new one containing the exact same value.
You can also use the << method with arrays :
[1,2,3] << 4 _TAG_ [1,2,3,4]
Be careful however when using << with Fixnum/Bignum instances. With these objects, the << method will shift the bits of your integer to the left. If you want to do a summation (append style that is), you will have to use +=


text:
Bandwidth allocation in Bluetooth scatternets
Publikation/Tidskrift/Serie: Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Computer and Information Sciences
Förlag: Taylor & Francis
This paper deals with bandwidth allocation in a Bluetooth scatternet. The proposed assignment of transmission rights provides a controlled traffic transfer between Bluetooth piconets and represents a key component in an ad-hoc wireless Bluetooth network in order to provide with efficient data packet passing within and across piconets. This assignment is obtained by executing a distributed algorithm in each node. The algorithm works for unrestricted topologies of both stationary and mobile networks and also deals with assignment changes caused by network re-configurations without the use of a centralized factor. The effect of this re-assignment can be limited to the locality of that topology change. The construction of a link schedule of minimum length in a Bluetooth scatternet is NP-complete.
- Technology and Engineering
17th International Symposium on Computer and Information Sciences
Orlando, Fl, United States
- ISBN: 9780849314902


EARLYBIRD CARDINAL™ produces 4" wide, watermelon red flowers with a pie crust edge and chartreuse throat. It is documented to produce 6 or more fans per season compared to 2-3 fans produced on an average daylily. It also tends to produce more than one flower scape per fan, so the plants quickly grow to form a highly floriferous, robust clump. In the ground, this daylily typically starts to bloom in mid-June which is several weeks earlier than most cultivars.
Height: 21"
Bloom Size: 4"
Bloomtime: Early, Rebloomer
Flower Type: Single
Ploidy: Diploid
Daylily - Earlybird Cardinal


text:
Tonbridge is a market town in the English county of Kent and has a population of approximately 30,340.
It is located on the River Medway, about four miles north of Tunbridge Wells, 12 miles south west of Maidstone and 25 miles south east of London.
The history of Tonbridge goes back thousands of years to a time when there were no cars, buses and trains and the area consisted of only a few wooden huts.
The following pages will take you on a journey through Tonbridge's past to the thriving town it is today.
These pages have been written for our students to help them with their local history study. (Activity Sheet)


text:
Siemens has developed a reprogrammable hearing aid designed to adapt along with the hearing changes of the growing child.
Fitting a hearing instrument for young children with hearing loss is one of the most difficult tasks faced by audiologists. Children born with impaired hearing can only communicate to a very limited degree, and they also have different auditory perception than adults who have suffered gradual loss of hearing. In the latter case, the brain loses its capacity to perceive high frequencies. Children with hearing loss, by contrast, need the full spectrum of sounds in order to "learn how to hear."
With the help of the latest findings from the field of pediatric audiology, Siemens Audiology has now developed a hearing instrument that meets such complex requirements. In addition to covering a considerably extended frequency range, the Explorer 500 P also boasts numerous functions such as speech-sensitive noise suppression and automatic situation detection, so the instrument can adapt to the constantly changing hearing requirements of a growing child.
In the framework of the Connexx adjustment software, Siemens has integrated ClinicalFit, which features a special workflow for children that automatically selects the full range of typical settings for each age level. To fit the instrument, the technician needs only to connect the device to a computer, enter the wearer's age, the hearing impairment, and the required functions, and the software automatically does the rest — such as activating a directional microphone or a direct audio connectivity to wireless transmission systems used in kindergarten or school, for example. The latter selectively transmit a teacher's words and help to suppress ambient noise.
Press release: A Hearing Aid for Children That Adapts With Age…


HOME > Feature Articles > A look at the spiritual side of samurai arms and armour
Text by Antony Cummins
It is said that Tokugawa Ieyasu – the shogun of all Japan – once turned to his retainers while attending the theatre and proclaimed that it was almost time to prepare the bamboo for the banner poles. What could he have meant by that? Japanese military equipment is not just interesting from a technical perspective, but also has a fascinating spiritual and ritualistic aspect. Why was a garden hoe used as a crest on a commander's helmet? How did the colours of lacings interact with the colours of armour plates? And how did the spirit of the god of war imbue the samurai with power? The answers to these questions, given below along with a selection of other fascinating details, give colour and depth to our image of the samurai.
Two basic forms of samurai armour
There were two categories of samurai armour: the archaic oyoroi armour and the more compact armour known as gusoku.
Red line on a spear
A red line is often seen painted in the groove of old spears. This line was the sign of a warrior of excellence and was used only with permission. If you see a Japanese spear in a museum, look out for the ring at the bottom of the shaft, which stopped the spear splitting when moist, as well as a ring that prevented blood from dripping down to the hands, and a further ring with an eyelet for attaching a troop or personal marker.
The Five Elements
The Taoist concept of a universe made up of yin (negative energy) and yang (positive energy) is played out in the Chinese version of the Five Elements theory, in which wood, fire, earth, metal and water interact in the Cycle of Creation and the Cycle of Destruction. Samurai armourers took into account this complex theory, which was a core part of Japanese life. The colours and ornaments of a set of armour, for example, were carefully chosen to avoid any clashing on a cosmic level and to work together to generate the correct energy. Each element was represented by a colour, such as black for water and yellow/gold for earth. The colours of the thread and of the plates they held in place were expected to work in harmony, while the gold or silver vertical bands on the helmet – which represent the sun (yang) or the moon (yin) – had to be of the correct number to work in harmony with the armour. The bamboo used for the banner pole had also to be of the correct element and direction of growth, so when Tokugawa Ieyasu said it was almost time to prepare the bamboo for banner poles, he meant that it was almost the 15th day of the 8th month in the Chinese calendar – a time of power.
Helmet crest
The garden hoe crest, often gold/yellow, represented the centre of all things in Five Elements theory and was usually adorned with a rising dragon, making it the symbol of a leader.
A golden/yellow garden hoe represented the element of earth, which according to tradition was the element at the centre of all other elements, while the dragon was a symbol of rising chi energy; the overall meaning was that a leader was the central figure who commanded all others with the power of a rising dragon.
The seat of Hachiman
The ventilation hole at the apex of the helmet was known as the seat of the god Hachiman and represented a boundary between heaven and earth. It was said that through this hole came a giant war serpent deity with 98,000 scales, imbuing the warrior with courage. Small cloud-like decorations on the helmet further denoted this celestial division. A samurai should never put his finger in the hole of the helmet, unless taking it off to commit ritual suicide, and must never show the inside of the helmet lining except for in times of surrender.
The crown of the king of hell
Leg greaves ranged from cloth with protective metal or bamboo vertical splints to fully enclosed and sculptured leg encasings. Each had a rubbing patch on the inside, to protect the horse and avoid causing damage when they knocked against each other. The greaves of a mounted warrior had knee guards with three mounds, said to represent the crown of the king of hell, while greaves for foot soldiers had no knee protection so as not to become an annoyance when walking.
Overall, a samurai had to consider his status, his past achievements and his personal connection to the Five Elements when constructing or purchasing armour. To wear the wrong lacing, to wear something beyond his station or to calculate the incorrect spiritual relationships of colour and style could all lead a samurai into disaster, but getting it right would set him apart as a man of worth. To find out more, have a look at Book II in the Book of Samurai series: Samurai Arms, Armour & the Tactics of Warfare.
About the author
Antony Cummins is a researcher and an author focusing on the historical reality of Japanese samurai and ninja. He is the head of a small team that translates and publishes historical texts on Japanese military culture and tactics, and has published many books on Japanese military history. He has worked for multiple TV documentary productions, including for the Smithsonian, and is the leader of a project seeking to revive the samurai school of war known as Natori-Ryu. For more information and free download samples visit: _URL_
Image credits: The images in this article are taken from Samurai Arms, Armour & the Tactics of Warfare and were recreated from the original Japanese manuscripts by Jay Kane, Vangelis Drosos and Andridja Dreznjak ©Antony Cummins.


Differences in JPA entity locking modes
JPA provides essentially 2 types of locking mechanisms to help synchronize access to entities. Both mechanisms prevent a scenario, where 2 transactions overwrite data of each other without knowing it.
By entity locking, we typically want to prevent following scenario with 2 parallel transactions:
 1. Adam's transaction reads data X
 2. Barbara's transaction reads data X
 3. Adam's transaction modifies data X, and changes it to XA
 4. Adam's transaction writes data XA
 5. Barbara's transaction modifies data X and changes it to XB
 6. Barbara's transaction writes data XB
As a result, changes done by Adam are completely gone and overwritten by Barbara without her even noticing. A scenario like this is sometimes called dirty-read. Obviously, a desired result is that Adam writes XA, and Barbara is forced to review XA changes before writing XB.
How Optimistic Locking works
Optimistic locking is based on assumption that conflicts are very rare, and if they happen, throwing an error is acceptable and more convenient than preventing them. One of the transactions is allowed to finish correctly, but any other is rolled back with an exception and must be re-executed or discarded.
With optimistic locking, here is possible scenario for Adam and Barbara:
 1. Adam's transaction reads data X
 2. Barbara's transaction reads data X
 4. Adam's transaction writes data XA
 5. Barbara's transaction modifies data X and changes it to XB
 6. Barbara's transaction tries to write data XB, but receives and error
 7. Barbara needs to read data XA (or start a completely new transaction)
 8. Barbara's transaction modifies data XA and changes it to XAB
 9. Barbara's transaction writes data XAB
As you see, Barbara is forced to review Adam's changes, and if she decides, she may modify Adam's changes and save them (merge the changes). Final data contains both Adam's and Barbara's changes.
Optimistic locking is fully controlled by JPA. It requires additional version column in DB tables. It is completely independent of underlying DB engine used to store relational data.
How pessimistic locking works
For some, pessimistic locking is considered very natural. When transaction needs to modify an entity, which could be modified in parallel by another transaction, transaction issues a command to lock the entity. All locks are retained until the end of transaction and they are automatically released afterwards.
With pessimistic locks, the scenario could be like this:
 1. Adam's transaction reads data X
 2. Adam's transaction locks X
 3. Barbara's transaction wants to read data X, but waits as X is already locked
 4. Adam's transaction modifies data X, and changes it to XA
 5. Adam's transaction writes data XA
 6. Barbara's transaction reads data XA
 7. Barbara's transaction modifies data XA and changes it to XAB
 8. Barbara's transaction writes data XAB
As we can see, Barbara is again forced to write XAB, which also contains changes by Adam. However, the solution is completely different from optimistic scenario – Barbara needs to wait for Adam's transaction to finish before even reading the data. Furthermore, we need to issue a lock command manually within both transactions for the scenario to work. (As we are not sure which transaction will be served first, Adam's or Barbara's, both transactions need to lock data before modifying it) Optimistic locking requires more setup than pessimistic locking, with version column needed for every entity, but then we do no need to remember issuing locks in the transactions. JPA does all the checks automatically, we only need to handle possible exceptions.
Pessimistic locking uses locking mechanism provided by underlying database to lock existing records in tables. JPA needs to know how to trigger these locks and some databases do not support completely.
Even JPA specification says, that it is not required to provide PESSIMISTIC_READ (as many DBs support only WRITE locks):
It is permissible for an implementation to use LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE
where LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_READ was requested, but not vice versa.
List of available lock types in JPA
First of all, I would like to say that if _USER_ column is provided within entity, optimistic locking is turned on by default by JPA for such entities. You do not need to issue any lock command. However, at any time, you may issue a lock with one of following lock types:
 1. LockModeType.Optimistic
 - This is really the default. It is usually ignored as stated by ObjectDB. In my opinion it only exists so that you may compute lock mode dynamically and pass it further even if the lock would be OPTIMISTIC in the end. Not very probable usecase though, but it is always good API design to provide an option to reference even the default value.
 - Example:
 - This is a rarely used option. But it could be reasonable, if you want to lock referencing this entity by another entity. In other words you want to lock working with an entity even if it is not modified, but other entities may be modified in relation to this entity.
 - Example:
 - We have entity Book and Shelf. It is possible to add Book to Shelf, but book does not have any reference to its shelf. It is reasonable to lock the action of moving a book to a shelf, so that a book does not end up in 2 shelves. To lock this action, it is not sufficient to lock current book shelf entity, as the book does not have to be on a shelf yet. It also does not make sense to lock all target bookshelves, as they would be probably different in different transactions. The only thing that makes sense is to lock the book entity itself, even if in our case it does not get changed (it does not hold reference to its bookshelf).
 - this mode is similar to LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE, but different in one thing: until write lock is in place on the same entity by some transaction, it should not block reading the entity. It also allows other transactions to lock using LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_READ. The differences between WRITE and READ locks are well explained here (ObjectDB) and here (OpenJPA). However, very often, this behaves as LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE, as the specification allows it and many providers do not implement it separately.
 - this is a stronger version of LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_READ. When WRITE lock is in place, JPA with the help of the database will prevent any other transaction to read the entity, not only to write as with READ lock.
 - this is another rarely used lock mode. However, it is an option where you need to combine PESSIMISTIC and OPTIMISTIC mechanisms. Using plain PESSIMISTIC_WRITE would fail in following scenario:
 1. transaction A uses optimistic locking and reads entity E
 2. transaction B acquires WRITE lock on entity E
 3. transaction B commits and releases lock of E
 4. transaction A updates E and commits
 - in step 4, if version column is not incremented by transaction B, nothing prevents A from overwriting changes of B. Lock mode LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_FORCE_INCREMENT will force transaction B to update version number and causing transaction A to fail with OptimisticLockException, even though B was using pessimistic locking.
To issue a lock of certain type, JPA provides following means:
You may use any of the two types of lock mechanisms in JPA. It is also possible to mix them if necessary, if you use pessimistic lock of type PESSIMISTIC_FORCE_INCREMENT.
To learn more, read this excellent blog of Vlad Mihalcea.
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text:
* If your Samsung Galaxy Note9 is connected to a mobile network, you can share internet with other devices using the mobile hotspot feature.
* Follow these steps to learn how set up and configure a mobile hotspot.
* Go to the Start screen.
* To open the menu, swipe up or down on the screen.
* Choose *Mobile Hotspot and Tethering*.
* Choose *Mobile Hotspot*.
* If this screen appears, choose an option, in this case, *Cancel*.
* If this screen does not appear, go to the next step.
* Choose the options symbol.
* Choose *Configure Mobile Hotspot*.
* Under *Network name*, enter a name.
* Under *Security*, choose a security option, in this case, *WPA2 PSK*.
* Under *Password*, enter a password (at least 8 characters).
* Enable *Mobile Hotspot*.
* The Samsung Galaxy Note9 has now been configured for use as a Wi-Fi hotspot.
* Return to the Start screen.
* Other devices will now be able to connect to your mobile hotspot.
* *Note:* There may be a limit to the number of devices that can connect to the mobile hotspot.


From P2P Foundation
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The Hacker Way
"The principles of open source include openness, democracy, access, iterative improvements, and collaboration. Zuckerberg calls this the hacker way and details the principles as:
He then distills the hacker way down to five key principles:
 1. Focus on impact
 2. Move fast
 3. Be bold
 4. Be open
 5. Build social value."


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Tango DDR
In my Interaction Design Foundations course, I explain to students that tangible interfaces are becoming widespread because they explore the human body as an input device. This makes the interaction more sociable and affective. In one class, I brought a Dance Dance Revolution pad for our students to experiment with and they took it to the next level.
Guilherme was shy to play, but accepted to participate in a bodystorming: I wanted to know what would happen if the position of the pad improved embodiment of the game. We put the pad in his shoulder and started to play.
The feeling of the game changed totally. Instead of executing mechanic movements in front of a screen, we've got an affective human interaction.
During the bodystorming, many ideas emerged how to hack the pad and use in clothes or garments, enabling more intimate dance, like Touch Tango DDR.
Alexandre proposed to make a fight game using the same interface. There is already a Mugen game tha explore the same gameplay of DDR:
This is the video of the bodystorming session.
Categories: Blog.
Tags:,,


text:
Keeping You Running When the Unexpected Hits
When trouble hits and the lights go out, your uninterruptible power supply (UPS) has to kick in immediately – to keep your business running. Your mission critical equipment is dependent on a steady power supply and you can't wait around for the problem to pass. Here are some important preventative maintenance tips to keep your UPS system in top shape and protect your most vulnerable electrical equipment.
- Put prevention and safety first. Always follow manufacturer recommendations and safety guidelines outlined in your equipment's operation manual. If you ever have a concern about the performance of your UPS system, call a licensed electrical contractor for help. The master electricians at Capital City Electrical know UPS systems inside and out and will inspect your system and perform any preventative maintenance checks that are needed and set up a regular maintenance schedule.
- Keep detailed records for later reference. When preventative work is done, keep track of the work performed, by whom, and the date. Include items such as cleaning, repair, and replacement of electrical components. Consider tracking the costs for each task to keep a running tally of annual maintenance costs for budgeting purposes. Having a record can also help you create a checklist that can be used by you or your staff to continue the preventative checks throughout the year. Records are only helpful if you can easily access them. Keep the records in the same place and in a conspicuous location for other key personnel to find.
- Know when it is time to replace components. No system is perfect – there will always be components that must be replaced. Stay on top of the health of your UPS system so you are aware when key parts may need to be repaired or replaced. Batteries and capacitors are common components that have to be replaced frequently. Only use a licensed and insured electrical professional to replace or repair components within your UPS system. The UPS system experts at Capital City Electrical can inspect your UPS system and educate you on what signs to look for that may warrant a call for service.
- Assign check-up tasks to key personnel. Your UPS system may not need weekly maintenance but you can implement a weekly check-up to ensure your UPS system is running smoothly. These weekly checks can be your first line of defense to prevent electrical outages and costly repairs. Consult with a licensed electrical contractor to determine what important weekly tasks can be done to maintain your UPS system.


_addvendorclass(Pool *pool, const char **vendorclass);
Add a new vendor equivalence class to the system. A vendor equivalence class defines if an installed package of one vendor can be replaced by a package coming from a different vendor. The vendorclass argument must be a NULL terminated array of strings. See the section about vendor policies for more information.
void pool_setvendorclasses(Pool *pool, const char **vendorclasses);
Set all allowed vendor equivalences. The vendorclasses argument must be an NULL terminated array consisting of all allowed classes concatenated. Each class itself must be NULL terminated, thus the last class ends with two NULL elements, one to finish the class and one to finish the list of classes.
void pool_set_custom_vendorcheck(Pool *pool, int (*vendorcheck)(Pool *, Solvable *, Solvable *));
Define a custom vendor check mechanism. You can use this if libsolv's internal vendor equivalence class mechanism does not match your needs.
void pool_setloadcallback(Pool *pool, int (*cb)(Pool *, Repodata *, void *), void *loadcbdata);
Define a callback function that gets called when repository metadata needs to be loaded on demand. See the section about on demand loading in the libsolv-repodata manual.
void pool_setnamespacecallback(Pool *pool, Id (*cb)(Pool *, void *, Id, Id), void *nscbdata);
Define a callback function to implement custom namespace support. See the section about namespace dependencies.
The Id of the empty string, it is always Id 1.
Represents a "<" relation.
Represents a "=" relation.
Represents a ">" relation. You can use combinations of REL_GT, REL_EQ, and REL_LT or-ed together to create any relation you like.
A boolean AND operation, the "name" and "evr" parts of the relation can be two sub-dependencies. Packages must match both parts of the dependency.
A boolean OR operation, the "name" and "evr" parts of the relation can be two sub-dependencies. Packages can match any part of the dependency.
Like REL_AND, but packages must match both dependencies simultaneously. See the section about boolean dependencies about more information.
A special namespace relation. See the section about namespace dependencies for more information.
An architecture filter dependency. The "name" part of the relation is a sub-dependency, the "evr" part is the Id of an architecture that the matching packages must have (note that this is an exact match ignoring architecture policies).
An internal file conflict dependency used to represent file conflicts. See the pool_add_fileconflicts_deps() function.
A conditional dependency, the "name" sub-dependency is only considered if the "evr" sub-dependency is fulfilled. See the section about boolean dependencies about more information.
A compat dependency used in Haiku to represent version ranges. The "name" part is the actual version, the "evr" part is the backwards compatibility version.
Id pool_str2id(Pool *pool, const char *str, int create);
Add a string to the pool of unified strings, returning the Id of the string. If create is zero, new strings will not be added to the pool, instead Id 0 is returned.
Id pool_strn2id(Pool *pool, const char *str, unsigned int len, int create);
Same as pool_str2id, but only len characters of the string are used. This can be used to add substrings to the pool.
Id pool_rel2id(Pool *pool, Id name, Id evr, int flags, int create);
Create a relational dependency from to other dependencies, name and evr, and a flag. See the REL_ constants for the supported flags. As with pool_str2id, create defines if new dependencies will get added or Id zero will be returned instead.
Id pool_id2langid(Pool *pool, Id id, const char *lang, int create);
Attach a language suffix to a string Id. This function can be used to create language keyname Ids from keynames, it is functional equivalent to converting the id argument to a string, adding a ":" character and the lang argument to the string and then converting the result back into an Id.
const char *pool_id2str(const Pool *pool, Id id);
Convert an Id back into a string. If the Id is a relational Id, the "name" part will be converted instead.
const char *pool_id2rel(const Pool *pool, Id id);
Return the relation string of a relational Id. Returns an empty string if the passed Id is not a relation.
const char *pool_id2evr(const Pool *pool, Id id);
Return the "evr" part of a relational Id as string. Returns an empty string if the passed Id is not a relation.
const char *pool_dep2str(Pool *pool, Id id);
Convert an Id back into a string. If the passed Id belongs to a relation, a string representing the relation is returned. Note that in that case the string is allocated on the pool's temporary space.
void pool_freeidhashes(Pool *pool);
Free the hashes used to unify strings and relations. You can use this function to save memory if you know that you will no longer create new strings and relations.
Solvable *pool_id2solvable(const Pool *pool, Id p);
Convert a solvable Id into a pointer to the solvable data. Note that the pointer may become invalid if new solvables are created or old solvables deleted, because the array storing all solvables may get reallocated.
const char *pool_solvid2str(Pool *pool, Id p);
Return a string representing the solvable with the Id p. The string will be some canonical representation of the solvable, usually a combination of the name, the version, and the architecture.
const char *pool_solvable2str(Pool *pool, Solvable *s);
Same as pool_solvid2str, but instead of the Id, a pointer to the solvable is passed.
Compare all parts of the version, treat missing parts as empty strings.
A special mode for rpm version string matching. If a version misses a release part, it matches all releases. In that case the special values "-2" and "2" are returned, depending on which of the two versions did not have a release part.
A generic match, missing parts always match.
Only compare the epoch and the version parts, ignore the release part.
int pool_evrcmp(const Pool *pool, Id evr1id, Id evr2id, int mode);
Compare two version Ids, return -1 if the first version is less than the second version, 0 if they are identical, and 1 if the first version is bigger than the second one.
int pool_evrcmp_str(const Pool *pool, const char *evr1, const char *evr2, int mode);
Same as pool_evrcmp(), but uses strings instead of Ids.
int pool_evrmatch(const Pool *pool, Id evrid, const char *epoch, const char *version, const char *release);
Match a version Id against an epoch, a version and a release string. Passing NULL means that the part should match everything.
int pool_match_dep(Pool *pool, Id d1, Id d2);
Returns "1" if the dependency d1 (the provider) is matched by the dependency d2, otherwise "0" is returned. For two dependencies to match, both the "name" parts must match and the version range described by the "evr" parts must overlap.
int pool_match_nevr(Pool *pool, Solvable *s, Id d);
Like pool_match_dep, but the provider is the "self-provides" dependency of the Solvable s, i.e. the dependency "s→name = s→evr".
void pool_createwhatprovides(Pool *pool);
Create an index that maps dependency Ids to sets of packages that provide the dependency.
void pool_freewhatprovides(Pool *pool);
Free the whatprovides index to save memory.
Id pool_whatprovides(Pool *pool, Id d);
Return an offset into the Pool's whatprovidesdata array. The solvables with the Ids stored starting at that offset provide the dependency d. The solvable list is zero terminated.
Id *pool_whatprovides_ptr(Pool *pool, Id d);
Instead of returning the offset, return the pointer to the Ids stored at that offset. Note that this pointer has a very limit validity time, as any call that adds new values to the whatprovidesdata area may reallocate the array.
Id pool_queuetowhatprovides(Pool *pool, Queue *q);
Add the contents of the Queue q to the end of the whatprovidesdata array, returning the offset into the array.
void pool_addfileprovides(Pool *pool);
Some package managers like rpm allow dependencies on files contained in other packages. To allow libsolv to deal with those dependencies in an efficient way, you need to call the addfileprovides method after creating and reading all repositories. This method will scan all dependency for file names and then scan all packages for matching files. If a filename has been matched, it will be added to the provides list of the corresponding package.
void pool_addfileprovides_queue(Pool *pool, Queue *idq, Queue *idqinst);
Same as pool_addfileprovides, but the added Ids are returned in two Queues, idq for all repositories except the one containing the "installed" packages, idqinst for the latter one. This information


text:
Q: I have two two-year old 'Yoshino' cherry trees in full sun planted thirty feet apart. They were both thriving but over the past month one tree's leaves are drooping, turning yellow, and falling off. The other tree looks great. The sick tree has less drainage than the other and has been in some standing water. Is this root rot and will the tree survive?
A: Flowering cherry trees are famous for their dislike of poorly drained soil. Their roots demand constant gas exchange. In other words, the roots have to breathe.
Cherries installed in un-amended clay soil or planted too deeply or in spots where water accumulates usually die after a few years.
I'm doubtful your sick tree will survive. Remove it, mix a bag of soil conditioner in a six-foot wide planting area and put another in its place.
Tags For This Article: planting


text:
Free Online Dictionary
|Wikipedia English The Free Encyclopedia||Download this dictionary|
In scientific nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name, although zoologists use the term somewhat differently. For example, Linnaeus was the first to give a scientific name (under the currently used system of scientific nomenclature) to the Norway spruce, which he called Pinus abies. This name is no longer in use: it is now a synonym of the current scientific name which is Picea abies.
|See more at Wikipedia.org...|
The following video provides you with the correct English pronunciation of the word "synonym (taxonomy)", to help you become a better English speaker.
© This article uses material from Wikipedia® and is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License and under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
|Wikipédia Français||Download this dictionary|
|Pour la suite, voir Wikipédia.org…|
© Cet article se sert du contenu de Wikipédia® et est autorisé sous les termes de la Licence de Documentation libre GNU
| synonym (taxonomy) in English | synonym (taxonomy) in French
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Local BBC Sites
Tell your History of the World
A History of the World BBC
Your objects can help tell A History of the World
A brand new collaboration between the BBC and the British Museum began on Monday 18th January.
The idea is to create a digital museum, and the project is called A History of the World.
As well as telling the stories behind 10 objects chosen from museum collections around the county, BBC Radio York will also be telling the stories behind your objects. We'd like you to get in touch and include the following information:
 - A brief description of your object and the story behind it and ideally attach a picture of it
 - Your contact details (name, phone number and email address)
 - Email us: _EMAIL_
York and North Yorkshire's 'top ten' objects
Museums in York and North Yorkshire have chosen objects from their collections to tell the history and story of North Yorkshire, for A History of the World.
Halifax Bomber, Yorkshire Air Museum
As long as it's man-made and tells a story any object can be included
They include an Egyptian mask of the god Anubis dating from around 500 BC, from the amazing collection of the Kent family from Harrogate, and the only complete Halifax bomber from World War II which is the result of a huge restoration project.
Find out about all 10 of York and North Yorkshire's objects here.
Your object must be man-made and should tell a story about history, people and places - something that could tell future generations about North Yorkshire and its connections with the rest of the world.
You can also submit your objects to the central History of the World website where they could become part of the digital museum.
Please tell BBC York & North Yorkshire about them too by emailing us.
BBC navigation
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text:
About the Hawaiian Luau
Lu'au weren't always called lu'au. Until the mid-1800s small get-togethers were called pa'ina and large banquets — the equivalent of today's lu'au — were referred to as 'aha'aina. These root words mean, among other things, "gathering" ('aha) and "eating" ('aina).
Local records show
Much has changed since the days of the ancient lu'au. Women and men are allowed to eat together, which was forbidden in Hawai'i before the Hawaiian culture's system of kapu (taboos) was eliminated in 1819. Women are also allowed to eat foods that were once denied them, such as bananas, coconuts, pork, turtle and several types of fish.
The lyrical hula dance — now referred to as the ancient, or kahiko, style of hula — was once accompanied with chants (mele) to honor the gods. Today it is performed for entertainment and to remember the ways of old. A more modern style, called 'auana, has become popular since the 1970s, when a renaissance of native Hawaiian culture began. Both styles are performed at lu'au, and commercial events often showcase Tahitian and Samoan dance styles as well. Tahiti and Samoa are believed to be ancestral homelands of the Hawaiians.
Although some lu'au menus have evolved to include sushi, teriyaki chicken, Chinese manapua buns and the ubiquitous macaroni salad, traditional lu'au food is served at many events. Authentic dishes include:
- kalua pork (an entire pig roasted underground in a handmade pit called an imu oven)
- lomi lomi salmon (diced with tomatoes and onions, like a salsa)
- chicken long rice (transparent noodles)
- huli-huli (barbequed) chicken
- haupia (coconut custard)
- laulau (pork, chicken or fish wrapped and steamed in ti leaves)
- poi (taro root mashed with water into a pale purple paste)
As Christianity swept through Hawai'i in the 19th century, the lu'au lost its pagan roots and became more commonly a chance to relax and enjoy family and friends with good food and music. This spirit prevails in nearly every aspect of life in Hawai'i. One of the most dutifully observed local rituals is the "baby lu'au," a grand celebration staged on a child's first birthday. Lu'au are also held for graduations, class reunions, and other important events.
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text:
Why Does Copper Turn Green?
Copper turns green because of chemical reactions with the elements.
For the same reason that iron rusts.
Just as iron that is left unprotected in open air will corrode and form a flaky orange-red outer layer, copper that is exposed to the elements undergoes a series of chemical reactions that give the shiny metal a pale green outer layer called a patina.
The patina actually protects the copper below the surface from further corrosion, making it a good water-proofing material for roofs (which is why the roofs of so many old buildings are bright green).
In fact, the weathering and oxidation of the Statue of Liberty's copper skin has amounted to just.005 of an inch over the last century, according to the Copper Development Association.
MORE FROM LiveScience.com


What is the best moisture meter practices with your pinless meter?
 - Ensure your meter is calibrated.
 - Account for the wood species being measured.
 - Set the correct depth setting if the meter has adjustable depth capabilities.
 - Take multiple readings across the surface to get a complete assessment of the wood's moisture content.
 - Have at least a one-inch air gap underneath the wood being measured.
 - Only take measurements where the entire sensor plate can lay flat on the wood surface.
 - Press down on the moisture meter with the right amount of pressure.
How to determine the wood specific gravity, if it is not listed in the manual?
 - Select a sample of wood that is approximately 12% moisture content, with all edges being true.
 - Carefully measure the Length, Width and Thickness dimensions of the sample, preferably using a caliper. Convert the Length, Width and Thickness measurements to feet (ft.).
 - Carefully measure the weight of the sample, to the tenth of an ounce. Convert the weight to pounds (lbs.).
 - Using the volume and the weight of the sample, and the weight of a cubic foot of water, calculate the specific gravity.
How does temperature affect the accuracy of the meter readings?
Are there board width limitations in using moisture meters?
For accurate results with a pinless meter, the material you're testing must be at least the width of the scanning area on the bottom of the meter. Otherwise, the meter will not make firm contact with the board and may provide inconsistent, unreliable readings.
How does a moisture meter work?
Enter the terms you wish to search for.


text: Brantley County dates to 1920 when the state legislature sliced and then combined parts of Charlton, Pierce and Wayne counties. Historians speculate that the county owes its name to either prominent landowner, Benjamin Daniel Brantley, or his son and U.S. congressman, William Gordon Brantley. Nahunta, the county seat, is not an Indian name, as one might guess. It was a timber stop on the railroad labeled N. A. Hunter Siding. The railroad men dubbed it "Nahunta."


Mushroom Man Day 1
5 teachers like this lesson
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SWBAT develop interpretive questions.
Big Idea
How are interpretive questions incorporated into shared inquiry discussions?
Introduction to Interpretive Questions
20 minutes
 The Mushroom Man, written by Ethel Pochocki, is a complicated lesson in friendship. It is a good selection for shared inquiry because it requires students to interpret the character's motives and inner thoughts. Its vivid prose captures students' attention as they continually inference, predict, and analyze the character's motives to gain understanding of the story. These are complex tasks students must practice in order to find the central message of this story, revolving around an eccentric, lonely man who works in a mushroom farm. He is an outcast of society who strives to find companionship.
 As I present the Shared Inquiry Flip Chart, I focus on three types of questions that students need to understand: factual, interpretive, and evaluative. Once we review the definitions and examples, students learn that shared inquiry uses interpretive questions to guide its discussions because it requires text based evidence. Students do not need background information or personal experiences to answer interpretive questions because it can be attained from the text.
 We also discuss that it is important to read for different purposes. For this lesson, we will have a first and second reading. When we read for different purposes, we peel the layers of the story and find its hidden meaning. I review the instructions for first and second readings that is on the flip chart after discussing the purpose of each.
First Reading
20 minutes
Because of the complexity of this text, I chose to read aloud to my students for the first reading. As I read aloud, I instruct students to write notes on their post its using symbols and phrases as follows:
+ anything important
? anything confusing
! anything that you feel strongly about
Students are informed to listen attentively because they will be sharing their notes at the end of this reading. I also tell them that there are hidden meanings in this story that requires them to become story detectives and find clues. Therefore, students are held accountable for Note Taking and writing their reactions to text and sticking their post its on that section of text that inspired these reactions.
Second Reading
20 minutes
 I partner students who are compatible together for the second reading. Students read the story together with their partner. They convert their notes from the first reading into Interpretive Questions during their second reading. Students also use a Partner Rubric to make sure they are contributing wholeheartedly to their partners. Again, the rubric gives ownership to the students because they are made accountable to their partners. Also, the rubric gives not just a numeric score, but descriptive details on the quality of partnership students are striving for.
 In order for the partner rubric to work effectively, I established a culture of learning that encourages students to support one another. This nourishing environment was not created in one day. I started introducing the Cooperative Groups norms, roles, rules the first day of school. Students had discussions, modeling, and role playing regarding behavior during partnering and group collaborating. Then, I introduce the assessment rubrics and explained to students that a rubric is a map towards a goal. We must help each other follow that map by looking after one another so no one gets lost along the way. Once students understand the purpose of rubrics, hurt feelings are alleviated because the focus is on the action or skill, not the person. I also encourage students to celebrate successes. Balancing strengths and weakness during rubric assessments is an effective way to rate someone's performance. Through the continuous practice of expected behavior, students develop interpersonal skills. Non-cognitive skills, such as social skills, needs to be taught and reinforced.
Sharing Out
20 minutes
 At the end of this lesson, students share their interpretive questions with the class. We analyze these questions and select one for Day 2 of this lesson. Day 2 will focus on the shared inquiry discussion session using the selected interpretive question to guide the discussion.
 Students complete the partner rubric and partners give feed back to each other. Students constructively communicate their performance as well as their partners, using the rubric to indicate strengths and weaknesses in specific performance.
 Interpretive questions have more than one answer. The frequency of the question that students ask during the note taking process indicates that students have a natural curiosity about this particular topic. That curiosity leads students to back to the text to find answers. I select the question that arises most frequently because it naturally motivates students to search for text evidence that supports their perspective. The class chose the interpretive question: " Why did the mole and the mushroom man become friends?"


text:
An innovative micromechanics-based three-dimensional long-term strength criterion for fracture assessment of rock materials
Journal article, Peer reviewed
MetadataShow full item record
Original versionFrattura ed Integrità Strutturale. 2018, 12 (44), 64-81. 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.44.06
Rocks may exhibit time-dependent behaviors. Long-term strength criterion significantly dominates creep failure of rocks. Rocks contain many microcracks, which lead to degrade of long-term strength. In this paper, it is assumed that there exist three-dimensional penny-shaped microcracks in rocks. The mode II stress intensity factors at tips of three-dimensional penny-shaped microcracks in Burgers viscoelastic rock matrix is derived. A novel micromechanics-based three-dimensional long-term strength criterion is established to consider the effects of time and the intermediate principal stress on creep failure of rocks. By comparison with the previous experimental data, it is found that the novel micromechanics-based three-dimensional long-term strength criterion is in good agreement with the experimental data.


How does the Results API work? | Questionmark
How does the Results API work?
Applies to the following products:
Questionmark OnDemand
Questionmark Perception
Applies to the following Perception versions:
Perception 5.7
The Results API OData feeds are designed to return specific datum and granular subsets of data. When querying multiple data in a feed, querying multiple feeds simultaneously, or querying against the content in a variable that is not a key field for the feed, the Results API may timeout. Users are encouraged to design queries to use specific key values.
To introduce you to our Results API if you are unfamiliar with OData services, let's start off with an example—accessing the Participants feed and retrieving a list of participants.
Perception users would enter the following HTTP request in a browser:
https:///analyticsodata//odata/Participants
...where is the fully-qualified name (including the domain name) of the server where Perception is installed and is the name of the specific Perception repository are you trying to access the result data for.
OnDemand user would enter the following HTTP request in a browser:/odata/Participants
...where is the customer ID of the OnDemand account you want to access the result data for.
This example is for an OnDemand user, but a Perception user would follow the exact same steps using the Perception-specific URL format shown above. After authenticating (see the How can I access the Results API? section for details), this will retrieve a list of all the participants who have created results that have been ETLed into your Results Warehouse at the time you are accessing the Results API. If you have more than 500 participants in your Results Warehouse, at the bottom of the page you will see a link that looks similar to the following:
If you wanted to view participants 501 and on, you would enter the address from the href= part of the above entry to navigate to the second page of participants.
A list of participants from the Participants feed includes entries for each participant in the list. Here is an example entry for a single participant:
incandenza_h
href="Participants(804)/TopicScores" />
804
James
Brother of Mario and Orin
2011-06-16T05:28:49
Each participant entry includes an ID, which is a URL that allows you to return to this particular entry at any time without having to retrieve the entire list of participants, which can be quite lengthy. The above example's ID, as you can see from the tag, is:
A participant entry not only returns information about a particular participant, but it may also include navigation links, which are links to related Results API entries from other feeds. The above example includes three navigation links, which are identified by tags. The first navigation link in an entry will always be a link to itself and the ones after links to entries from other feeds. In this example, the second navigation link is a link to all the results for this participant:
To navigate to the list of results for this participant, you would append the address in the href= section of the navigation link to the participant entry's URL, which would look like the following:
The list of results that the above URL would retrieve would include all the assessment results that have been ETLed into the Results Warehouse for this participant. From there, you could use other navigation links to visit other related entries. Because all the Results API links are internally linked to each other, you could literally go on forever, jumping from related data to related data.


Rotation for RBXDevs-How to Fix Wood Grain
Hello confused devs of ROBLOX, WoodReviewer here. Today I am not here to just talk about how wood grain should go. Today I am only here to talk about how you rotate wood grain to fix it. Yes, I know. You just rotate and resize the bricks. But that seems to be above what some people are able to do. So lets start at the very basics on how you fix wood grain.
No Plugins
This first part is how you can fix wood grain with a completely stock version of ROBLOX studio, no plugins or anything, like I use to do for years before newer building plugins were a thing. The first step is to have some bad wood grain.
Bad Grain.png
The second step is to change the wood grain to wooden planks.
bad grain planks.png
Why? Simply put, wooden planks and regular wood have the same grain direction, and with the darker lines provided by the gaps between the planks, it can be easier to tell what way the wood grain is facing.
Step two isn't a step as much as making sure you do everything right. Simple check the size of the brick you are fixing.
There are several ways to do this, either in notepad, sticky notes, mental notes, or making a duplicate brick and putting it some where to act as a reference point.
Size Notepad.png
Next up is another option step in case you can't tell what way the wood grain is facing. First, you need to resize the brick.
Resize Planks.png
But don't resize it all at once; do one side first.
Resize Planks 2.png
Then the other side an equal amount. The ensures the center of the brick stays in the same exact place while rotating the brick.
Resize Planks 3.png
And then resize the other two sides the same way. Again, this is optional, only do it if you can't tell what direction you need to rotate the board for proper wood grain.
Final Planks Resize.png
Next up you need to rotate the wood. Studio normal rotation amount means that that it should go an even 90 degree rotations, but if it does not change your rotation amount so it can do an even 90 degrees.
Planks Rotate.png
Next is a game of guess-and-check. Rotate the wood until it is finally at the correct orientation. This can vary based on how the wood was originally.
Planks rotations.png
From here, simply resize the brick so it is back to its original dimensions. Remember, to keep the brick in the same position you need to rotate each side by equal amounts. So in this case, it was 3x3x7. To make it be 1x1x7, you need to resize the longest side by 3 studs each, and the short side by 1 stud each. Then to fix its height, raise the top and lower the bottom by 2 studs each.
Resize final.png
Then, in the last step, change it back to wood if that is what you want, and voila, proper wood grain.
Back to wood.png
Next up is a slightly easier way to fix wood grain, but requires a plugin. Personally I prefer CmdUtl or one of its derivatives, such as Studio Build Suite, but any plugin that will let you rotate objects and resize from center should work. This is what I will be working with, a dozen or so bad pieces of wood grain. This can be fence posts, railings, chair legs, or anything that is repeated and exactly the same.
Bunch of parts.png
First you need to select them all. You can either alt+right click on each, select them in explorer, use a selection plugin, or drag and select them. I used the latter since there was nothing else I could accidentally select.
Next open up your building plugin.
From here, repeat the above steps, with some minor differences. First write down the size of the parts. Then, when you go to resize them to make the wood grain larger, use the "Resize Center" button. This will resize them from the center of the brick, so resizing by.5, for example, will increase both sides by.25 studs. This helps ensure the center of the brick remains in the same place.
SBS Resize Center.png
For most CmdUtl derivatives, this does it for every brick. Again, make sure your building plugin can do this. Next, you need to rotate them. Again, similar to the default studio steps, only this time use the "Rotate Object" tool. "Rotate Object" will rotate each object in price, while "Rotate Group" and "Rotate Pivot" will rotate the objects as a group, moving most of the bricks.
SBS Rotate Object.png
Then just keep repeating until they are in the correct orientation.
SBS Correct Rotations.png
And then resize them, again resizing from center so they remain in the exact same spot. Once the size is correct, simply change the material and it is done.
SBS Resize Final.png
Even though most people will want to use the Material Flip plugin, mass-fixing 100 or so bricks this way is much quicker than using the Material Flip plugin at times.
Material Flip
Next up is the simplest way. First, install and enable the Material Flip plugin by Stravant. Next open select it in studio and look at a brick in studio with bad wood grain.
Texture Flip Front.png
The click on it and that face will have the material flipped 90 degrees.
Textue Flip Front Result.png
Repeat until all sides are fixed. This usually requires 2 clicks per brick, but sometimes fixing one side will cause the orientation of the brick to change in the way that both sides are fixed at once.
Texture flip side result.png
Seriously, why did I feel the need to do a tutorial on how to use this plugin.
Control Panel
Next up is not a way to fix wood grain, but a way to select it. It is Studio Command Panel, and is a quick way to select multiple bricks. Once you select the bricks you want, you can then rotate and fix them with CmdUtl, whether it is 5 bricks or 5,000 bricks. After you install it, click on it to activate it, select a brick, and press "P". This will open in up the panel.
Control Panel.png
Then just type in a command. For this, I'll be using the "SelectSimilar" command. First up is the "Similar Appearance" selection. It shows up once you type "SelectSimilar". "Similar Appearance" selects any bricks that have a similar color and material to the original brick, in this case the one on the far left. Because one brick is green, it is not selected.
Control Panel Appearance.png
Next up is the "Material" command. This will select all parts with a similar material, so the green one is selected. If you know all the wood in a place is incorrect, you can use this command.
Control Panel Material.png
Next up is color. Like appearance, it selects bricks based on color, but ignores material. In this case, it ignores the green brick again. I find this most useful because you can tag parts in a place you want ignored odd colors, like bright pink or green, and the selection will ignore them if they are good.
Control Panel Color.png
Next is by size. It ignores color and material, and only selects based on size. This is useful since when you go to fix the wood grain with CmdUtl you need the parts to be the same size, but it is not the most useful option.
Control Panel Size.png
The most useful selection tool is all. It only selects parts that are the same size, material, and color. This is the most useful because it can ignore non-wood parts, only select similarly sized parts, like size, which is needed to fix wood grain, and you can tag parts you want ignored with different colors to, well, ignore them.
Control Panel All.png
This plugin is very powerful and can do many things. However, all I use it for is to select stuff, so that is all I have experience with.
4 thoughts on "Rotation for RBXDevs-How to Fix Wood Grain
 1. pumpkinhead
 Thank you so much. Now I realize why my wood grain was off and why you keep criticizing the wood grain even though I didn't quite understand what was wrong with it.
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