for a better solution though as this one is a bit heavy.
Edit: WARNING! This doesn't work in IE when selector is a string.
$.isEmptyObject('hello') // FALSE in Chrome and TRUE in IE
share|improve this answer
How often do you find yourself calling $() with an empty object as an argument? – nnnnnn Dec 22 at 11:24
_USER_ Actually never (I don't use jQuery anymore). But I guess 3 years ago I had a case of exposing an API that would take a selector and return the number of elements for that selector. If another dev would pass in an empty object, it would incorrectly respond with 1. – Oleg Dec 22 at 15:03
$(selector).length && //Do something
share|improve this answer
You could use this:
 exists: function() { return this.length }
if($(selector).exists()){do something}
share|improve this answer
I had a case where I wanted to see if an object exists inside of another so I added something to the first answer to check for a selector inside the selector..
// Checks if an object exists.
// Usage:
// $(selector).exists()
// Or:
// $(selector).exists(anotherSelector);
jQuery.fn.exists = function(selector) {
 return selector? this.find(selector).length : this.length;
share|improve this answer
You can save a few bytes by writing:
if ($(selector)[0]) {... }
This works because each jQuery object also masquerades as an array, so we can use the array dereferencing operator to get the first item from the array. It returns undefined if there is no item at the specified index.
share|improve this answer
How about:
function exists(selector) {
 return $(selector).length;
if (exists(selector)) {
 // do something
It's very minimal and saves you having to enclose the selector with $() every time.
share|improve this answer
I like this approach – Akmur Mar 18 at 14:13
if ( $('_TAG_').size() > 0 ) { //do something }
size() counts the number of elements returned by the selector
share|improve this answer
_USER_ I don't know where you get your information from, but.size() does nothing more than return.length. There's a reason it's deprecated – Ian Jun 3 '13 at 21:41
You are correct, but calling.length, being a property, requires slightly less overhead than a function call to.size(). My bad. – Furbeenator Jun 5 '13 at 18:30
I'm using this:
 $.fn.ifExists = function(fn) {
 if (this.length) {
Execute the chain only if a jQuery element exist - _URL_
share|improve this answer
Is $.contains() what you want?
jQuery.contains( container, contained )
The $.contains() method returns true if the DOM element provided by the second argument is a descendant of the DOM element provided by the first argument, whether it is a direct child or nested more deeply. Otherwise, it returns false. Only element nodes are supported; if the second argument is a text or comment node, $.contains() will return false.
Note: The first argument must be a DOM element, not a jQuery object or plain JavaScript object.
share|improve this answer
NOW it is an answer – mplungjan Dec 17 '13 at 8:49
i always use
if ( $(selector)[0] ){}
thats nice and short
share|improve this answer
The reason all of the previous answers require the.length parameter is that they are mostly using jquery's $() selector which has querySelectorAll behind the curtains (or they are using it directly). This method is rather slow because it needs to parse the entire DOM tree looking for all matches to that selector and populating an array with them.
The ['length'] parameter is not needed or useful and the code will be a lot faster if you directly use document.querySelector(selector) instead, because it returns the first element it matches or null if not found.
function elementIfExists(selector){ //named this way on purpose, see below
 return document.querySelector(selector);
/* usage: */
var myelement = elementIfExists("_TAG_") || myfallbackelement;
However this method leaves us with the actual object being returned; which is fine if it isn't going to be saved as variable and used repeatedly (thus keeping the reference around if we forget).
var myel=elementIfExists("_TAG_");
// now we are using a reference to the element which will linger after removal
console.log(elementIfExists("_TAG_")); /* null */
console.log(myel); /* giant table lingering around detached from document */
myel=null; /* now it can be garbage collected */
In some cases this may be desired. It can be used in a for loop like this:
/* locally scoped myel gets garbage collected even with the break; */
for (var myel; myel = elementIfExist(sel); myel.getParentNode.removeChild(myel))
 if (myel == myblacklistedel) break;
If you don't actually need the element and want to get/store just a true/false, just double not it!! It works for shoes that come untied, so why knot here?
function elementExists(selector){
 return!!document.querySelector(selector);
/* usage: */
var hastables = elementExists("table"); /* will be true or false */
if (hastables){
 /* insert css style sheet for our pretty tables */
setTimeOut(function (){if (hastables &&!elementExists("_TAG_"))
 alert("bad table layouts");},3000);
share|improve this answer
In JavaScript you can do it this way :
if(document.querySelectorAll('*')!=null) { // It exists }
share|improve this answer
I stumbled upon this question and i'd like to share a snippet of code i currently use:
$.fn.exists = function(callback) {
 var self = this;
 var wrapper = (function(){
 function notExists () {}
 notExists.prototype.else = function(fallback){
 if (!self.length) {
 return new notExists;
 if(self.length) {
 return wrapper;
And now i can write code like this -
 alert ("it exists");
 alert ("it doesn't exist");
What's more exciting about this stuff is how it's written in CoffeeScript:
$.fn.exists = (callback) ->
 exists = _USER_
 callback.call() if exists
 new class
 else: (fallback) ->
 fallback.call() if not exists
share|improve this answer
I find OP's original approach not only to be much more minimal but more elegant than this. Seems like overkill to write this much code when OP's method is shorter, and doesn't involve callbacks. – Lev Aug 5 at 7:31
For simple cases - you're right. But for more complex situations involving a lot of code on both cases i think my approach is better. – Eternal1 Aug 5 at 7:38
else as a property name will fail in some older browsers. – cookie monster Aug 14 at 17:34
protected by Andrew Barber Apr 8 '13 at 3:55
Would you like to answer one of these unanswered questions instead?


text: The Smithsonian Castle was built in 1847. The historic structure sits in Washington D.C. and has recently been found to be built by slaves. Some of those slaves were owned by Martha Washington. There's been a longtime search by historians to know which historic D.C. buildings were built by slaves. Two of the most notable buildings are the U.S. Capitol and the White House.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
A field of yellow celandine flowers.
- a weedy plant (Chelidonium majus) of the poppy family, with deeply divided leaves and yellow flowers and juice
- a perennial plant (Ranunculus ficaria) of the buttercup family, with yellow flowers
Origin of celandineMiddle English and amp; Old French celidoine ; from Medieval Latin celidonia ; from Classical Latin chelidonia ; from Classical Greek chelidonion, swallowwort ; from chelidōn, a swallow ; from Indo-European echoic base an unverified form ghelfrom source yell
- A perennial Eurasian herb (Chelidonium majus) having deeply divided leaves, showy yellow flowers, and yellow-orange latex. Also called swallowwort.
- The lesser celandine.
Origin of celandineMiddle English celidoine, from Old French, from Medieval Latin celidōnia, from Latin chelīdonia, feminine of chelīdonium, from Greek khelīdonion, from khelīdōn, swallow (from the association by ancient writers of the blossoming of the plant with the return of the swallows in spring); see ghel-1 in Indo-European roots.
- Either of two unrelated flowering plants:
- The greater celandine
- The lesser celandine

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Canada Wildrye Plant Information
Canada Wildrye grows in the following 48 states:Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, District Of Columbia, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Utah, Vermont, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Oregon, West Virginia, Alabama, Arkansas, California, Delaware, Florida, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington
Elymus canadensis is a species of wild rye known by the common name Canada wild rye. This grass is native to much of North America, being most abundant in the central plains and Great Plains. It grows in a number of ecosystems, including riparian woodlands, many types of forest, lakeside sand dunes, and tallgrass prairie.
Canada wild rye is a perennial bunchgrass reaching heights of 1 to 1.5 metres (3ft 3in to 4ft 11in). It grows from a small rhizome, forms a shallow, fine root network, and is a facultative mycotroph, receiving about 25% of its nutrients on average from symbiotic mycorrhizae. Its stems are hollow and tough at maturity and bear rough, flat leaves reaching 20 to 30cm (8 to 10in) in length.
The inflorescence is a nodding spike up to 25cm (9.8in) long containing 5 to 20 spikelets. Each spikelet is 1 to 2cm (0.4 to 0.8in) long, not counting the sharp, hard, curling awn which may exceed 3cm (1.2in) in length.
Canada wild rye is sometimes used for stabilizing eroded areas and for vegetating metal-rich soils in reclaimed mines.
Elymus canadensis is an allotetraploid, which mainly reproduces by self-pollination, but can cross-pollinate with several other strains of Elymus in order to provide more genetic variation. In addition, because of its ability to cross-pollinate, new species can emerge through nature or breeding programs, thereby contributing more plants that could potentially lead to novel crops. In fact, the cultivar 'Homestead', one of the few plants that has been produced in cultivation by selective breeding of E. canadensis, has been shown to produce larger amounts of forage, and has higher digestibility than other cultivars of Canada wildrye and Virginia wildrye. The current primary use of 'Homestead' is as a conservation plant, along with its use as keeping the soil next to roads from eroding too much. However, its qualities could potentially lead to further research in creating other cultivars of E. canadensis that could possibly be used as crop plants, with higher food yield and digestibility.
The gene pool of Elymus canadensis can provide information on promoting disease resistance in Hordeum vulgare (barley). In two different Elymus canadensis Hordeum vulgare hybrid groups, the ones with Elymus canadensis cytoplasm were missing a chromosome that was homologous to the barley chromosome 7, and the ones with the Hordeum vulgare cytoplasm were missing a chromosome homologous to barley chromosome 3. The lack of each of the chromosomes in the hybrids was not random, and were caused by differences in DNA myelination. Thus, further research can use these differences in order to figure out what exactly makes Elymus canadensis so hardy, and be able to integrate its hardiness into barley so that the crop can withstand more environmental stress.
Elymus canadensis has also been shown to contain a novel high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunit (GS) allele. HMW-GS has been shown in wheat and other crops to determine its overall quality. Thus, further research could elaborate on the E. canadensis allele in order to improve our knowledge of HMW-GS' structural differentiation in different species, and its evolutionary history, in an attempt to increase crop quality through these alleles.
Elymus canadensis has a familiar relationship as a host with a variety of endophytic fungi. Such a symbiotic relationship could be part of the reason why E. canadensis has been so successful as a prairie grass, and may have played a large influence in the grass's evolutionary history. In fact, research suggests that the epichloe do not hinder seed production in the host plant, so the fungi do not obstruct E. canadensis's reproduction, and may in fact aid the process. Further research can expand upon this fungal symbiotic relationship, perhaps to improve the success of agricultural crops. Specifically, research can examine if the different varieties of epichloe will provide E. canadensis with agronomic qualities such as drought tolerance and field production. If this is supported, epichloe may be able to be used to improve the sustainability of crop populations that have a similar genetic makeup to E. canadensis.
More inforamtion about Canada Wildrye.


Go to Product Detail Page
Mary, How Could You Have Known?
By Sally K. Albrecht
Look Mary, How Could You Have Known?
Detailed Description
Mary, How Could You Have Known? by Sally K. Albrecht and Jay Althouse. Choir Sacred. SATB choir. Choral (Sacred); Choral Octavo; Worship Resources. Alfred Archive Edition. Advent; Christmas; Sacred; Winter. Grade 3. Choral Octavo. 8 pages. Published by Alfred Music (AP.18381).
"Mary, how could you have known that your child would be a Savior?" Compelling text images,flowing lyricism and haunting clarinet (opt., part included in the score) combine to create an unforgettable Advent original. The ideal choice for hard-to-find text focus on the annunciation of Mary, wonderful throughout Advent and for Christmas.
For more details go to Product Detail Page
* = required
Music List Name
To create a music list, please sign in.
Existing Accounts
Sign In and Add to My Music List
New Accounts
Create Account and Add to My Music List


woman reflection from mirror
woman reflection from mirror
woman reflection from mirror
Facial Rejuvenation Surgery: 5 Things You Need to Know
Reviewed By:
In recent years, cosmetic anti-aging procedures have gained mainstream acceptance. And while many women start with less invasive treatments, like injections and dermal fillers, at a certain point, some women consider facial rejuvenation surgery, or a face-lift, for longer-lasting and more dramatic results.
If you are considering facial rejuvenation surgery, Lisa Ishii, M.D., a specialist at the Johns Hopkins Center for Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, shares five things you should know.
woman looking in mirror
 1. What is a face-lift?
 - Jowls that occur on the jawline
 - Loose neck skin
 - Midface drooping
 - Double chin
 Compared to injections that last anywhere from eight months to two years, a face-lift typically lasts for several years.
 2. How long does it take to recover?
 According to Ishii, one common misconception around a face-lift is recovery time. "Generally, people think recovery will be worse than it actually is," she says. "They expect recovery to take six weeks, when in reality it only takes 10 to 14 days for most people."
 During recovery, people can expect some swelling and bruising while incisions heal. Your surgeon will provide detailed postsurgical care instructions and pain relief recommendations to speed your healing.
 3. What are the benefits of a face-lift?
 Not surprisingly, the primary benefits of a face-lift are increased satisfaction with your appearance and having others see you as more youthful and attractive. "People want what they feel on the inside to be reflected in the mirror," says Ishii. "They also want to know that people around them are thinking positive thoughts about them."
 Ishii's group has conducted new research to measure the impact of face-lifts from the perspective of a casual observer. That research involved showing before-and-after photos of face-lift patients to a group of nearly 500 online survey participants.
 The participants estimated the age of the women in the photos and rated them according to attractiveness, perceived success and overall health. The survey results showed that casual observers saw the women who had undergone high-quality face-lifts as younger, more attractive, more successful and healthier.
 4. What are the risks and drawbacks of a face-lift?
 As with any surgical procedure, there are risks people should consider before heading to the operating room. General anesthesia poses a risk for some people, including older adults and people with health conditions such as obesity and diabetes.
 Some people also have an increased risk of bleeding during surgery. These patients include smokers and people who take anti-clotting medications, such as warfarin.
 If general anesthesia isn't an option, Ishii says it's possible to do the procedure under local anesthesia that numbs the facial area.
 5. Will people be able to tell?
 Some people worry that their faces will looked stretched out or that it will otherwise be obvious that they had surgery. Ishii says this shouldn't be the case with the right surgeon. "If the surgery is performed well, the result will be natural in appearance," she says. "Nobody will be able to tell."
 The key is to find a plastic surgeon with a track record of high-quality results. You can ask the doctor for before-and-after photos of patients so you can get a sense of the quality of their procedures. One important question to ask is whether the surgeon collects data on outcomes, specifically patient satisfaction. If a high percentage of people are extremely happy with the results after five years, you're more likely to have a successful procedure.
Request an Appointment
Find a Doctor
Find a Doctor


Munich Personal RePEc Archive
Not so cheap talk: a model of advice with communication costs
Hertel, Jo and Smith, John (2009): Not so cheap talk: a model of advice with communication costs.
Download (189kB) | Preview
We model a game similar to the interaction between an academic advisor and advisee. Like the classic cheap talk setup, an informed player sends information to an uninformed receiver who is to take an action which affects the payoffs of both sender and receiver. However, unlike the classic cheap talk setup, the preferences regarding the receiver's actions are identical for both sender and receiver. Additionally, the sender incurs a communication cost which is increasing in the complexity of the message sent. We characterize the resulting equilibria. Under an additional out-of-equilibrium condition (Condition L), if preferences for sender and receiver are identical then the only equilibria are the most informative, feasible ones. A similar result appears in Chen, Kartik and Sobel (2008) when their No Incentive to Separate (NITS) condition is applied to the case where communication is costless but preferences diverge. Additionally, we model the competency of the advisee by the probability that the action is selected by mistake. We show that the informativeness of the sender is decreasing in the likelihood of the mistake. When the preferences between players diverge and when there are communication costs, we are not guaranteed uniqueness and we provide an example where an increase in communication costs can improve communication.
MPRA is a RePEc service hosted by
the Munich University Library in Germany.


text:
Evaluation, for conservationists, comes down to a single question, "did it work?"
Given that we are battling against insuperable odds to reverse the decline of threatened species, every piece of information that brings something of value to the table should be considered, especially if it implicates what works – and what doesn't.
Workshop is a resource that acts as a 'virtual workshop', which
- reassures project managers (and potential donors) that nothing obvious – that usually works or doesn't work – has been overlooked
- requires each project to be available for the same evaluation and feedback process, thereby contributing further valuable data to the knowledge base
- is accessible, useful, fast and free
Workshop is a web-based knowledge bank, which
- encourages clear aims and objectives for the project, preferably arrived at by a facilitated process
- predicts the likely success and failure factors, from a selection of over one hundred positive and one hundred negative options, drawn from over 1,500 evaluated results
- conducts a free, qualitative evaluation (by interview) of the project outcomes, feeding back the results into the Workshop knowledge base.
Interactive workshop programme under construction


circe / circe-fs2
Streaming JSON parsing and decoding with fs2
Version Matrix
Build Coverage status Gitter Maven Central
This project provides support for using fs2 for streaming JSON parsing and decoding with circe, a Scala library for encoding and decoding JSON to Scala types.
Circe-fs2 provides different pipes to parse your streams of JSONs depending on whether your stream is:
 - a \n-separated stream of JSON values or value stream:
{ "repo": "circe-fs2", "stars": 14 }
{ "repo": "circe-config", "stars": 5 }
 - or a JSON array:
The appropriate pipe for the job also depends on your input stream value type (i.e. String, Byte or Segment[Byte]).
The following table sums up every pipe available as a function of the input stream value type as well as the JSON structure:
String Byte Segment[Byte]
Value stream stringStreamParser byteStreamParser byteStreamParserS
Array stringArrayParser byteArrayParser byteArrayParserS
As an example, let's say we have a stream of strings representing a JSON array, we'll pick the stringArrayParser pipe which converts a stream of String to a stream of Json, Circe's representation of JSONs:
import io.circe.fs2._
val stringStream: Stream[IO, String] =...
val parsedStream: Stream[IO, Json] = stringStream.through(stringArrayParser)
Circe-fs2 also comes with a decoder pipe which, given a Decoder[A], produces a Stream[F[_], Json] => Stream[F[_], A] pipe.
For example, using Circe's fully automatic derivation:
case class Foo(a: Int, b: String)
val parsedStream: Stream[IO, Json] =...
val decodedStream: Stream[IO, Foo] = parsedStream.through(decoder[IO, Foo])
Contributors and participation


text: Catherine (Kate) Manship was born December 1, 1850, and died in 1935. She was named for Charles Henry Manship's sister Catherine Manship Whitby, who was also called "Kate." Kate played the piano and sang in the choir at Galloway Methodist Church. In 1874, Kate was the only child who traveled to Europe with her parents to visit family friend James Smith. Kate and her older sister Addie never married, and lived in the Manship House throughout their lives. After the deaths of her parents, sisters Addie, Kate and Minnie continued to live in the Manship House, where they were occupied as dressmakers.


text:
GENERAL LEGAL PRINCIPLES; CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT/ INTERPRETATION – General Principles of Contract Interpretation
Single Topic for Decision 2027M
Full Decision Text (click on the link to view): Full Text
1404.03000 – General Principles of Contract Interpretation
PERB's interpretation of a collective bargaining agreement is guided by traditional rules of contract interpretation, including those set forth in the Civil Code. A provision of a memorandum of understanding stating that the MOU superseded all side letters except "grievance resolutions documents" was ambiguous. The parties' bargaining history showed the MOU did not supersede a prior written grievance settlement because: (1) during bargaining, the union told the employer that it considered the grievance settlement to be a "grievance resolution document;" and (2) the testimony of the employer's lead negotiator that he was unaware of the union's position when he agreed to the exception language was not credible. The employer's proffered interpretation that the exception was intended to apply only to future grievance resolutions is unreasonable because: (1) it is contrary to the plain meaning of "supersede;" and (2) it would leave the exception without effect.


text:
Fragment caching is used for caching various blocks within templates without caching the entire action as a whole. This is useful when certain elements of an action change frequently or depend on complicated state while other parts rarely change or can be shared amongst multiple parties. The caching is doing using the cache helper available in the Action View. A template with caching might look something like:
Hello <%= _USER_ %> <% cache do %> All the topics in the system: <%= render_collection_of_partials "topic", Topic.find_all %> <% end %>
This cache will bind to the name of action that called it. So you would be able to invalidate it using expire_fragment(:controller => "topics", :action => "list") — if that was the controller/action used. This is not too helpful if you need to cache multiple fragments per action or if the action itself is cached using caches_action. So instead we should qualify the name of the action used with something like:
<% cache(:action => "list", :action_suffix => "all_topics") do %>
That would result in a name such as "/topics/list/all_topics", which wouldn't conflict with any action cache and neither with another fragment using a different suffix. Note that the URL doesn't have to really exist or be callable. We're just using the url_for system to generate unique cache names that we can refer to later for expirations. The expiration call for this example would be expire_fragment(:controller => "topics", :action => "list", :action_suffix => "all_topics").
In order to use the fragment caching, you need to designate where the caches should be stored. This is done by assigning a fragment store of which there are four different kinds:
- FileStore: Keeps the fragments on disk in the cache_path, which works well for all types of environments and shares the fragments for all the web server processes running off the same application directory.
- MemoryStore: Keeps the fragments in memory, which is fine for WEBrick and for FCGI (if you don't care that each FCGI process holds its own fragment store). It's not suitable for CGI as the process is thrown away at the end of each request. It can potentially also take up a lot of memory since each process keeps all the caches in memory.
- DRbStore: Keeps the fragments in the memory of a separate, shared DRb process. This works for all environments and only keeps one cache around for all processes, but requires that you run and manage a separate DRb process.
- MemCacheStore: Works like DRbStore, but uses Danga's MemCache instead. Requires the ruby-memcache library: gem install ruby-memcache.
Configuration examples (MemoryStore is the default):
ActionController::Base.fragment_cache_store = :memory_store ActionController::Base.fragment_cache_store = :file_store, "/path/to/cache/directory" ActionController::Base.fragment_cache_store = :drb_store, "druby://localhost:9192" ActionController::Base.fragment_cache_store = :mem_cache_store, "localhost" ActionController::Base.fragment_cache_store = MyOwnStore.new("parameter")
One of the common ways of using fragment caching is to cache content that's shared across the site (eg. left navigation, menus, widgets etc.) that looks and works the same regardless of the name of the action or controller calling it. In such cases it's very easy to just use named fragment caching eg.:
<% cache('left_nav') do -%> <%= display_left_nav -%> <% end -%>


Splunk® Enterprise
Knowledge Manager Manual
Acrobat logo Download manual as PDF
Acrobat logo Download topic as PDF
Set up a GET workflow action
GET link workflow actions drop one or more values into an HTML link. Clicking that link performs an HTTP GET request in a browser, allowing you to pass information to an external web resource, such as a search engine or IP lookup service.
Note: During transmission, variables passed in URIs for GET actions are URL encoded. This means you can include values that have spaces between words or punctuation characters. However, if you are working with a field that has an HTTP address as its value, and you want to pass the entire field value as a URI, you should use the $! prefix to keep Splunk software from escaping the field value. See "Use the $! prefix to prevent escape of URL or HTTP form field values" below for more information.
Define a GET workflow action
 1. Navigate to Settings > Fields > Workflow Actions.
 2. Click New to open up a new workflow action form.
 3. Define a Label for the action.
 The Label field enables you to define the text that is displayed in either the field or event workflow menu. Labels can be static or include the value of relevant fields.
 4. Determine whether the workflow action applies to specific fields or event types in your data.
 Use Apply only to the following fields to identify one or more fields. When you identify fields, the workflow action only appears for events that have those fields, either in their event menu or field menus. If you leave it blank or enter an asterisk the action appears in menus for all fields.
 Use Apply only to the following event types to identify one or more event types. If you identify an event type, the workflow action only appears in the event menus for events that belong to the event type.
 5. For Show action in determine whether you want the action to appear in the Event menu, the Fields menus, or Both.
 6. Set Action type to link.
 7. In URI provide a URI for the location of the external resource that you want to send your field values to.
 Similar to the Label setting, when you declare the value of a field, you use the name of the field enclosed by dollar signs.
 Variables passed in GET actions via URIs are automatically URL encoded during transmission. This means you can include values that have spaces between words or punctuation characters.
 8. Under Open link in, determine whether the workflow action displays in the current window or if it opens the link in a new window.
 9. Set the Link method to get.
 10. Click Save to save your workflow action definition.
Example - Google search from field values
Here's an example of the setup for a GET link workflow action that sets off a Google search on values of the topic field in search results:
GET workflow action ex1 b.png
In this example, we set the Label value to Google $topic$ because we have a field called topic in our events and we want the value of topic to be included in the label for this workflow action. For example, if the value for topic in an event is CreatefieldactionsinSplunkWeb the field action displays as Google CreatefieldactionsinSplunkWeb in the topic field menu.
The Google $topic$ action applies to all events.
The Google $topic$ action URI uses the GET method to submit the topic value to Google for a search.
Example - Provide an external IP lookup
You have configured your Splunk app to extract domain names in web services logs and specify them as a field named domain. You want to be able to search an external WHOIS database for more information about the domains that appear.
Here's how you would set up the GET workflow action that helps you with this.
In the Workflow actions details page, set Action type to link and set Link method to get.
You then use the Label and URI fields to identify the field involved. Set a Label value of WHOIS: $domain$. Set a URI value of _URL_
After that, you can determine:
 - whether the link shows up in the field menu, the event menu, or both.
 - whether the link opens the WHOIS search in the same window or a new one.
 - restrictions for the events that display the workflow action link. You can target the workflow action to events that have specific fields, that belong to specific event types, or some combination of the two.
When you define fields for workflow actions, you can escape these fields so that they can be passed safely to an external endpoint using HTTP. However, in certain cases this escaping is undesirable. In these cases, use the $! prefix to prevent the field value from being escaped. This prefix prevents URL escape for GET workflow actions and HTTP form escape for POST workflow actions.
Example - Passing an HTTP address to a separate browser window
You have a GET workflow action that works with a field named http. The http field has fully formed HTTP addresses as values. This workflow action opens a new browser window that points at the HTTP address value of the http field. The workflow action does not work if it opens the new window with an escaped HTTP address.
To prevent the HTTP address from escaping, use the $! prefix. In Settings, where you might normally set URI to $http$ for this workflow action, instead set it to $!http$.
Last modified on 16 June, 2017
About workflow actions in Splunk Web
Set up a POST workflow action
Was this documentation topic helpful?
0 out of 1000 Characters


text:
Why Commercial Restrooms
Commercial restrooms are likely to be utilized by thousands of people in a day. With so much use there is a high probability of vandalism to the many items within a commercial restroom, costing countless amounts of damage every day.
- Receives regular audits to ensure the facilities and utilities are maintained and graffiti free
- Continuous vandalism to the items within a commercial restroom (mirrors, partitions, urinal tops…etc.)
- Continuously replacing vandalized items


text:
The Gummy Bear Romp
"The Gummy Bear Romp"
Levels: Low to Intermediate
Applications: Review or introduce 1.Colours.
2.Animals and/or objects vocabulary
3.Interrogatives:"Do you want...?"
"Do you have...?"
4.Responses: "Yes, I do"
"No, I don't"
"I don't have..." etc.
Supplies needed: 1.A bag of gummy bears or two.
2.A good picture dictionary or pictures of animals
or other objects.
Optimum group size: 1 - 30
Variations: Limited only by your imagination.
This particular activity can be adapted to almost any environment.
Start the activity with a bag of gummy bears. You'll probably find that each bag of candy has maybe 4 or 5 different colours. Depending on class size, you might want to form several groups.
1. Start off by making sure that everyone knows what a bear is and by showing the various colours of candy bears that you have; (usually red, yellow, green, white and orange). Begin by asking a student if he/she would like a particular colour of candy bear which you have.
ie"Do you want a red candy bear?"
Response will be either, "Yes I do" or "No, I want a (different colour) candy bear please". Of course, give them what they asked for.
Continue this process until each student has a candy bear.
2. Next, redo the questioning but this time, introduce colours which you don't actually have ie"Do you want a purple candy bear?"
Possible responses: "No, I want a red candy bear" or
"Yes I do" to which you respond
"I don't have a purple candy bear. What do
3.Continue with the questioning and alter as many variables as you wish which will stimulate an ongoing give and take dialogue.
Possible scenario: Teacher: Do you want a green elephant candy?
Student: No, I don't. I want a blue octopus candy.
Teacher: I'm sorry, I don't have a blue octopus
candy. What do you want?
Student: You don't have a blue octopus candy?
Teacher: No, I'm sorry I don't. What do you want?
Student: I want a pink worm candy.
Teacher: I'm sorry, I don't have a pink worm
candy. What do you want?
4. Once the students get the idea of the activity, they can take turns asking and answering the questions of the teacher or of other students.
You'll probably find that this activity works best with a picture dictionary which the kids can peruse while asking the various questions. This way, they encounter new words and get the chance to use them in conversation albeit in a fun and silly way. For example:
Student A: Do you want an orange gorilla candy?
Student B: No I want a purple underwear candy.
And so on.
Anyhow, have fun with it. Any ideas you may have on this one would be greatly appreciated.
World's Best Jobs!
Dave's ESL Cafe Copyright © 2008 Dave Sperling. All Rights Reserved.


A life line product (HLP) can be anything from a plastic grocery bag to a new laptop.
You might buy a cheap one from a store, or use a disposable one in a kitchen.
And sometimes, you might just buy one in bulk.
The key is to choose the right one.
There are a few common mistakes, and it's important to remember that not all products are created equal.
Here are 10 tips to help you make a better life line purchase.
Know the difference between disposable and life line.
If you buy a life line, you're essentially buying something disposable.
There's nothing special about it, and you won't be able to make use of it for long.
A life label can also be a good investment if you're not sure what you're getting.
However, if you want to make sure you're buying something truly life-saving, you should look at what it does and how it can help you survive.
For example, a life label may have a number of useful functions that might be more useful than the disposable product, such as helping to reduce the amount of blood in your body.
A lifesaving drug can be found on a life support device, for example.
Life line products can also help you to get out of bed early in the morning, or help you with a medical condition like a heart condition.
You can also buy them to help with dental problems or to treat allergies, if that's a concern.
Make sure you understand the ingredients of the product.
If it contains animal ingredients, for instance, there's a good chance it's not safe for you to consume.
If a lifesaving product has a chemical ingredient that is harmful, you'll probably have to make an informed choice about whether or not to buy it.
If the ingredients are labelled as non-animal-derived, this is usually the best option.
The ingredients can include antibiotics, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and other substances.
Choose the best life line to buy.
This depends on what you need it for, and whether or the life line is good for you.
A disposable product is usually just the ticket, and there's no point spending money on a lifesaver if it doesn't work.
If that's the case, you need to think about the most important factor: does it make sense for you?
A lifesaver product is the best investment because it's the one you'll need for your long-term health and well-being.
If your life depends on it, you may be better off buying something that's cheaper and less likely to fail.
Find out how much you'll be saving on your life line bill.
Life lines are the cheapest way to buy things that you don't need, but they can also cost you a lot.
Some life lines have a "perpetual" or "pro-renewable" label that means they're not intended to last for longer than a few years, so the savings you're saving will be over time.
If they have a permanent label, you can see how much they're saving by comparing the price of the item you're going to buy against the price you'll save on your lifetime bill.
For instance, if your lifetime health insurance policy costs $250 a year, the lifetime health savings from a life liner is $50.
If this is your first life line item, you would save $40 a year on your policy, or $50 a year over the life of the policy.
However (and here's the catch), if you buy the life liner and it has a lifetime limit, you will be charged a penalty of $60 a year.
Think about the benefits before you buy.
If an item is just for personal use, such an item may be worth the money, but it's possible you'll pay more in future years.
For some products, such a life saving drug might be worth it if you use it to treat a specific medical condition, or it might make a difference to your life.
In these cases, you won and you should consider the benefits over the lifetime.
Use your health plan's discounts to compare life line prices.
A savings plan may be able, for a given cost, to reduce a life-line product's price by 10 to 20 per cent.
This can save you $30 to $50 or more.
However it can be risky, and often comes with higher out-of-pocket costs.
You'll be better served to get a life extension, which is a guaranteed amount of money, and if you have health insurance, you could save even more.
If in doubt, use your health insurance discount to buy the lifesaving item.
If life line companies are offering lower prices for some life line items, it's usually because they've discounted their life line plans in the past.
If so, you'd be better advised to go with a lifesave product
개발 지원 대상


text:
The definition of affiant is a legal term used to identify someone who makes a sworn statement called an affidavit.(noun)
An example of an affiant is a person who gives testimony to the police and then swears to it and usually signs it.
See affiant in Webster's New World College Dictionary
Origin: < prp. of OFr afier: see affiance
See affiant in American Heritage Dictionary 4
Origin: From affy, to make affidavit
Origin:, from Middle English affien, to trust
Origin:, from Old French affier, to promise; see affiance.
Learn more about affiant


text: Numerical studies discussing micro gas turbines (MGTs) as a basis for automotive range extenders can be found in literature. A comprehensive set of experimental measurement data for an MGT of adequate size, however, is currently not available. In this work, a test rig and demonstrator based on a 30 kWel liquid fueled MGT is built up. Its major components' performance is characterized by measuring temperature and pressure at inlet and outlet, as well as corresponding fuel and air flows and the exhaust gas composition. A compressor bleed air tapping is installed to characterize the turbo components' off-design behavior. Stationary load points and transient maneuvers are investigated. The presented data provide coherent information on the operational behavior and cycle parameters. This can be used to validate existing numerical investigations. It further provides a foundation to identify the optimization potential of MGT components and will serve as design baseline for subsequent optimization measures to meet the requirements of mobile applications.


text:
Willem BarentsWillem Barents (1550? -- 1597, Dutch name Barentsz) was a Dutch navigator and explorer, leader of early expeditions in far northern waters.
In 1594 he left Amsterdam with two ships to search for the Northeast passage to eastern Asia. He reached the west coast of Novaya Zemlya, and followed it northward, being finally forced to turn back when near its northern extremity.
In the following year he commanded another expedition. of seven ships, which made for the strait between the Asiatic coast and Vaygach Island, but was too late to find open. water. His third journey also failed and resulted in his death. On this occasion he had two ships, and on the outward journey sighted Bear Island and Svalbard (also known as Spitsbergen), where the ships separated. Barents? vessel, after rounding the north of Novaya Zemlya, was trapped in the ice and he was compelled to winter in the north. Since his ship was not released early in 1597, his party left her in two open boats on June 13, 1597 and most of its members escaped. Barents himself, however, died on June 30, 1597.
The Barents Sea was named for him.


text:
Overview of the International Cancer Screening Network
The International Cancer Screening Network (ICSN) is a voluntary consortium of countries that have active population-based cancer screening programs and active efforts to evaluate and improve the processes and outcomes from cancer screening in practice. The ICSN includes efforts to evaluate cancer screening for a number of cancers where screening has been demonstrated to be effective, including breast, colorectal, cervical, and lung. These programs can be national or subnational in scope, and established or pilot-based. Administered by the Applied Research Program of the US National Cancer Institute, the consortium was established in December 1988 as the International Breast Cancer Screening Database Project during an international workshop involving representatives from 11 countries. The consortium has since grown to encompass 33 countries, and holds biennial meetings. In the interim, the specific activities are moved forward through working groups.
The initial purpose of the ICSN was to generate a database for the evaluation of screening mammography programs. In 1997, the group decided to shift its focus from creating a common database to collaborative efforts aimed at understanding how to:
In keeping with this realignment of purpose, in 1997 the group changed its name to the International Breast Cancer Screening Network. As work of the group grew to encompass colorectal and cervical cancer screening, it was renamed the International Cancer Screening Network.
The ICSN is dedicated to collaborative research aimed at identifying and fostering efficient and effective approaches to cancer control world-wide through population-based screening. It does not address efficacy or use clinical trial data. Participation in the ICSN is open to any country that has initiated a population-based cancer screening program.
The current co-chairs of the ICSN include Dr. Rachel Ballard-Barbash, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA, Elsebeth Lynge, M.Sc., Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and Prof. John Boyages, Macquarie University Cancer Institute.
Last modified: 11 Dec 2012
Maintained by the
Applied Research Program,
Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences.


text: Bacterial colonization and biofilm formation on orthopedic implants is one of the worst scenarios in orthopedic surgery, in terms of both patient prognosis and healthcare costs. Tailoring the surfaces of implants at the nanoscale to actively promote bone bonding while avoiding bacterial colonization represents an interesting challenge to achieving better clinical outcomes. Herein, a Ti6Al4V alloy of medical grade has been coated with Ti nanostructures employing the glancing angle deposition technique by magnetron sputtering. The resulting surfaces have a high density of nanocolumnar structures, which exhibit strongly impaired bacterial adhesion that inhibits biofilm formation, while osteoblasts exhibit good cell response with similar behavior to the initial substrates. These results are discussed on the basis of a "lotus leaf effect" induced by the surface nanostructures and the different sizes and biological characteristics of osteoblasts and Staphylococcus aureus.


Pseudonyms and Pronunciation
Published in: News 05/12/2015
Woody Allen mug shot
Famous actors and singers, celebrated artists and writers, have often changed their original names in favour of more appealing and easier to remember pseudonyms.
Some of these celebrities just needed to simplify their family names which were too complicated to pronounce; others only wanted to forget an ugly given name or a too common last name.
Pseudonym replacing an unpronounceable real names
Woody Allen, the most celebrated American film director, is the pseudonym of Allan Stewart Königsberg
Jennifer Aniston, the American actress of Greek descent, was born Jennifer Anastasakis
Charles Aznavour, the French singer of Arminian origins, is the stage name of Shahnourh Varinag Aznavourian
Freddie Mercury, the unforgettable frontman of British rock band The Queen, had Persian origins, was born in Zanzibar and his real name was Frederick Farookh Bulsara
Kirk Douglas, the actor of Russian descent, was born Issur Danilovitch Demsky
Vivien Leigh, the English actress born in India, is the pseudonym of Vivian Mary Hartley
George Michael, the English singer of Greek descent, was born Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou
Stevie Wonder, the American singer, musician, and composer, was Steveland Hardaway Judkins
The most successful pseudonyms ever and their correct pronunciation
Marilyn Monroe, one of the most celebrated stars worldwide, was born Norma Jeane Mortenson
Brigitte Bardot, the beautiful French actress, was born Camille Javal
Bo Derek, the attractive American actress, in reality is Mary Cathleen Collins
Bob Dylan, the American legend, was born Robert Allen Zimmerman
Elton John, the British singer and musician, is the pseudonym of Reginald Kenneth Dwight
Yves Montand, the Italian-born French singer and actor, was the stage name of Ivo Livi
Demi Moore, the American actress, was born Demetria Guynes
Pseudonyms in literature
Agatha Christie, one of the most famous writers worldwide, was born Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller
George Orwell, the author of 1984 and Animal Farm, was the pseudonym of Eric Arthur Blair
George Sand in reality was Amantine Aurore Lucile Dupin
Marguerite Yourcenar, the Belgian writer, was born Marguerite de Crayencour
Alberto Moravia, the Italian writer, was the pen name of Alberto Pincherle
Curzio Malaparte, Italian writer and journalist, was born Kurt Erich Suckert
Italo Svevo, the Italian author of Jewish descent, was born Aron Hector Schmitz
Pseudonyms: short is better
Stendhal, the French writer, the author of The Red and the Black, is the pen name of Henri Beyle
Hergé is the pseudonym of Belgian cartoonist Georges Remi
Moebius is the pen name of French cartoonist Jean Giraud
Sting, the most famous in the world pseudonym was adopted by British singer and musician Gordon Matthew Sumner
Skin, the English singer and judge of the Italian XFactor, was born Deborah Anne Dryer
More pseudonyms
Anne Bancroft, the American actress, the winner of an Oscar for Best Actress, was born Anna Maria Louise Italiano
Rita Hayworth, the unforgettable diva, was the pseudonym of Margarita Carmen Cansino
Vivien Leigh, the British star of Gone with the Wind, was born Vivian Mary Hartley
Dean Martin, charming singer and actor, was born Dino Paul Crocetti
Ashley Judd, the American actress, is the stage name of Ashley Tyler Ciminella
Elvis Costello, the British singer and composer, is the pseudonym of Declan Patrick MacManus
Share on
Enter the difficult name to pronounce
Sign up to our newsletter
Follow us on


text:
In this step, you create the necessary relationships that allow the user to create related objects to the features in the map. Before advancing to this step, you must first create all feature and object classes that participate in relationships. Use table 3 in the worksheet to determine which relationships need to be created.
Relationship autoupdaters are assigned in a later step.
The steps below create a standard Fiber relationship. Your relationship may vary.
- To create a relationship, right-click the geodatabase and select New > Relationship Class.
- Give the relationship a name (e.g., Airblown_Tube) and select the Origin (e.g., Airblown) and Destination (e.g., F_Tube) tables. Click Next.
- Most, if not all, relationships are Simple. Click Next.
- No fiber relationships propagate any messages. Click Next.
- Select a cardinality for your relationship. In this example, a single AirBlown feature can contain multiple F_Tube objects for a one-to-many (1 - M) relationship. All fiber relationships are either one-to-many or one-to-one. Many-to-many relationships are not supported. Click Next.
- All fiber relationships are non-attributed. Click Next.
- In the Primary Key field, select Global ID.
- In the Foreign Key field, select FiberParent. Click Next.
- Review the summary and click Finish.
- Repeat these steps for each unique relationship on your
worksheets. In the example below, relationships are duplicated on
the worksheet because they are shared by two objects. They need to
be created only once each.
So far, we've used the example of Air Blown Fiber. Our sample Air Blown Fiber (Airblown) feature contains a tube (F_Tube) and that tube contains fiber strands (F_Strand). This means that AirBlown has a parent relationship with F_Tube (and object class). F_Tube has a child relationship with Airblown and a parent relationship with F_Strand (also an object class). F_Strand has a child relationship with F_Tube.
So, Table 3 for each object may look similar to the following.


Friday, August 5, 2011
Down Memory Lane In a Rickshaw
Two uniformed passengers take a rickshaw ride at Durban, Natal, South Africa, during World War I. One of the Australian soldiers depicted - he is seated on the right hand side of the rickshaw - is George Stephen GADSDON (aka George Stephen LEADER, _PHONE_).
Born in Islington, London, in 1882, George Stephen Gadsdon lied about his age to get into the Royal Warwickshire Regiment: he was 15 at the time but stated he was 18. This circumstance led to his being discharged from the Regiment a month after he enlisted. He then joined the 6th Dragoon Guards, saw action in the Anglo-Boer War in South Africa and later went to Australia where he changed his surname to LEADER.
He survived several major battles of World War I including Ypres: his battalion (2nd Australian) lost 90% of their number at Gallipoli. George was wounded twice during his military career and also suffered the effects of mustard gas in France from which he never fully recovered. When George was reported Missing in Action at one stage of the Great War, his wife was asked if he had any distinguishing marks: she replied, 'A Union Jack tattooed across his chest.'
Aussie soldiers World War I with rickshaw, Durban.
 Unidentified lady and child in rickshaw at Durban, ca first decade 1900s.
The word rickshaw (sometimes spelled ricksha) stems from the Japanese jinrikisha meaning literally'man strength vehicle'. It was introduced in Japan ca 1870; by the 1880s the word was anglicised and shortened. Rickshaws became a popular tourist attraction in Durban from the 1890s. Today their numbers have dwindled but it is still possible to take a rickshaw ride along Durban's Golden Mile (the beachfront).
No comments:


text:
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Occupational Employment Statistics
Occupations Within Industries
Overall, counselors earned relatively high wages in elementary and secondary schools and relatively low wages in individual and family services and vocational rehabilitation services
- Rehabilitation counselors had the lowest overall mean wage of these occupations. Their largest employer, vocational rehabilitation services, was low paying across occupations.
- Educational, vocational, and school counselors was the highest paying of these occupations. This occupation was concentrated in elementary and secondary schools, an industry that paid relatively high
wages to counselors.
- Elementary and secondary schools paid the highest wages for four of the five types of counselors. Vocational rehabilitation services and individual and family services had the lowest wages of counselors from the industries shown.
- The selected industries all employed relatively large numbers of counselors. Individual and family services employed a particularly high number of each type of counselor.
- Other industries employing counselors include State government; residential mental retardation, mental health and substance abuse facilities; and colleges, universities, and professional schools.
Employment of reporters and correspondents across all industries decreased from 52,550 in May 2004 to 50,690 in May 2008
- From May 2004 to May 2008, employment of reporters and correspondents decreased among newspaper publishers and television broadcasters and in cable and other subscription programming. Employment of these professionals increased in radio broadcasting and among periodical, book, directory, and other publishers.
- Between May 2004 and May 2008, wages of reporters and correspondents showed a large increase in the radio broadcasting industry, from a mean of $31,830 to a mean of $46,690.
- Reporters and correspondents experienced less wage growth in newspaper publishing than in other media, from $35,760 in May 2004 to $39,720 in May 2008.
Many occupations in the U.S. were concentrated in a single industry: 286 occupations had a majority of their employment in one industry, and 59 of these occupations had over 90 percent of their employment in one industry
- Sporting goods stores employed over 90 percent of bicycle repairers, and aerospace product and part manufacturing employed over 90 percent of aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers.
- Occupations that were specific to one industry include postsecondary education teachers, who were specific to colleges, universities, and professional schools; and postal service mail carriers, who all worked for the Government (neither occupation shown here).
A variety of industries had their employment concentrated in a single occupation
- Retail salespersons or cashiers accounted for the majority of employment in six retail industries, including shoe stores and gasoline stations.
- Transit and intercity bus drivers made up over half of employment in urban transit systems, while sewing machine operators made up just under half of employment in cut and sew apparel manufacturing.
- Investigation and security services was the industry with the highest percentage of employment in a single occupation: security guards made up almost 75 percent of employment in the industry.
- All of the occupations shown had average hourly wages below the U.S. average of $20.32.
On average, wages of workers who design and develop software and systems were higher than wages of workers who support and maintain existing systems, but wages varied by industry
- Cross-industry mean wages of software engineers and of computer systems analysts and researchers were above $75,000 per year, while wages for network and database administrators and analysts and computer programmers were below $75,000 per year.
- Colleges, universities, and professional schools was one of the lowest paying industries for all of these occupations.
- Software publishers and computer systems design and related services were among the highest paying industries for most IT occupations in which workers support and maintain existing systems, but were not among the highest paying industries for development-related occupations.
- The mean wages of computer support specialists ranged between $40,000 and $55,000 in the industries shown, and the mean wages of computer and information research scientists ranged between $70,000 and $130,000 in the industries shown.
Previous: Occupation focus | Next: Industry focus
Last Modified Date: April 2, 2010


Lavinia Fisher
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Lavinia Fisher
Born 1793
Charleston, South Carolina[citation needed]
Died February 18, 1820(1820-02-18)
Old City Jail, Charleston, South Carolina
Cause of death Execution
Criminal penalty Death by hanging
Victims Dave Ross (escaped), John Peeples (escaped), unidentified other murder victims
Country United States
Lavinia Fisher (1793 – February 18, 1820) is reported by some legends to have been the first female serial killer in the United States of America.[1] Her origins are unknown[citation needed]; however, Fisher resided in the United States for much of her life. She was married to John Fisher, and both were convicted of highway robbery—a capital offense at the time—not murder. Historians have begun to question the veracity of the traditional legend and some assert that Lavinia Fisher never killed anyone. Some, however, believe she would kill her victims by crushing their heads between her legs.[citation needed] She was however an active member of a large gang of highwaymen who operated out of two houses in the backcountry near Charleston, the Five Mile House and the Six Mile House. It is not clear whether the Six Mile House was a hotel,[citation needed] but it did serve as a hideout for a number of outlaws.
It is often claimed[citation needed] that Mary Surratt was the first woman to be hanged in the United States, but Lavinia was hanged 40 years earlier.
Fisher and her husband resided in Charleston, South Carolina for most of their lives. Together, they owned an inn, the Six Mile Wayfarer House,[2] which they managed in the early 19th century. The hotel was located six miles north of Charleston, South Carolina, hence the name. During their time there, reports were made to the local sheriff about guests disappearing. Due to lack of evidence, and the popularity of the couple with many locals, these complaints came to nothing.
Alleged crimes[edit]
Lavinia Fisher would invite lone travelers into the Six Mile Wayfarer House to dinner and ask them questions about their occupations, trying to determine if they had money. She would send them up to their rooms with a cup of poisoned tea. Once the men drank their tea and went to bed, her husband would go to the room to make sure they were dead by stabbing them.
Another version of the legend was that the tea would only put the men to sleep for a few hours. Then, when they were almost asleep, Lavinia would pull a lever and the bed would collapse and drop the victim into a pit.[2] Some believed that there were spikes waiting at the bottom of the pit.
Much of what actually occurred in the alleged murders at the hands of John and Lavinia Fisher has become wildly exaggerated through time, so factual details are hard to find. However, contemporary news accounts in the Charleston Post and Courier, claimed that a vigilante gang went to the Fishers' neighborhood in February 1819 to stop the purported 'gang activities' that were occurring there. Satisfied that they had accomplished their task, the group returned to Charleston, but left a young man by the name of David Ross to stand watch in the area.
Early the next day, Ross was attacked by two men and dragged before the gang that had terrorized the region. Among them was Lavinia Fisher, to whom he looked for help. However, rather than help him, she choked him and then smashed his head through a window. Ross managed to escape and immediately alerted authorities.[3]
Immediately following this incident, another traveler named John Peeples asked if there were any vacancies; Lavinia replied that there was unfortunately no room, but he was welcome to come inside and rest and have some tea. John happened to hate tea, and not wanting to seem rude, he dumped it when she wasn't looking. She interrogated him for hours and eventually said she discovered that in fact, they did have a room. He then went to bed. He had felt suspicious about the interrogation and was worried about being robbed, so he decided to sleep in the wooden chair by the door. In the middle of the night, he awoke to the loud sound of the bed collapsing and discovered the Fishers' plan. He jumped out the window and rode to Charleston to alert the authorities.
Based on these two accounts, the assailants were finally identified by name, something that law enforcement had previously lacked. Police were immediately dispatched to the location and during the ensuing investigation Lavinia and John were located, along with two other gang members. John Fisher surrendered the group in an effort to protect his wife and shield her from possible gunfire. Later, during interrogation, he again attempted to protect Lavinia by giving the identities of all involved in the gang.
Trial and execution[edit]
Nearly a full year elapsed between the time of their arrest and their execution. At their arraignment the Fishers pleaded not guilty but were ordered to be held in jail until their trial, which would take place in May, while their co-conspirators were released on bail. At their trial the jury rejected their pleas of innocence and found them guilty of highway robbery, a capital offense. However, the judge allowed an appeal and they were given a reprieve until the January session of the court.
During this time the Fishers occupied themselves with plans to escape, as they were housed together at the Charleston, South Carolina jail (the "Old City Jail")[4] in a 6x8 cell and not heavily guarded. On September 13 they put their plans into action and began their escape. Things did not go as planned as the rope they had made from prison linens broke, leaving Lavinia trapped in the cell and John set free. He was unwilling to continue the escape plan and was recaptured. The two were then kept under much tighter security.
The Constitutional court rejected their appeals and on February 4, 1820 both were sentenced to be hanged.[5] Awaiting execution, John accepted the counsel of the Reverend Richard Furman, a local minister, but Lavinia became even more vitriolic. She also argued to the judge that they could not hang a married woman, so they hanged John the day before her execution.
On the gallows in front of the Old City Jail before John Fisher's execution, Rev. Furman read aloud a letter John had composed, which stated that since he had become a Christian he could not be executed with a lie held to his account. Therefore he insisted on his innocence and asked mercy on those who had done him wrong in the judicial process. After the minister read the letter, Fisher then began to plead his case before the gathered crowd of some 2,000. He then seemingly contradicted himself by asking for their forgiveness.
The next day, Lavinia Fisher was hanged. According to locals, moments before her execution she addressed the crowd, saying, "If any of you have a message for the devil, tell me now—for I will be seeing him soon," or "If any of you have a message for the devil, say it now for I shall see him in a moment," and then she jumped off the stage and hanged herself.[2]
Lavinia was buried in a Potter's Field near the Old City Jail. Claims of her burial at 150 Meeting Street (The Circular Congregational Church) or at 4 Archdale Street (The Unitarian Church) appear to have been fictions promoted by tour guides.
 1. ^ Petro, Pamela (2002). Sitting Up With the Dead: A Storied Journey Through the American South. New York, New York: Arcade Books. p. 205. ISBN 1-55970-612-0.
 2. ^ a b c Mendoza, Patrick (1999). Extraordinary people in extraordinary times: heroes, sheroes, and villains. Libraries Unlimited. pp. 93–96. ISBN 1-56308-611-5.
 3. ^ Hendrix, Pat (2006). Murder and Mayhem in the Holy City. Charleston, South Carolina: The History Press. p. 29. ISBN 1-59629-162-1.
 4. ^ Hendrix, Pat; Hendrix, Toni; Spires, Heather; Corbett, Judy (2006). Murder and Mayhem in the Holy City. The History Press. p. 27. ISBN 1-59629-162-1.
 5. ^ Phillips, G. (January 17, 2002). "Charlestons Past". The Post and Courier (Charleston, SC). p. 2ZB. Retrieved 2011-03-06.


text:
How many jumbled words can you unscramble that are associated with Independence Day? Words in the word blank include: anthem, America, barbeque, band, blue, colonies, declaration, fireworks, fourth, king, liberty, parade, party, patriotic, picnic, sign, stripes, taxes, united and white.
I look little....but I PRINT
Click the worksheet printer icon that says "Full Page Print" for a high quality
printable worksheet. All word jumbles are interactive. You can type in the answer online or print them out to solve offline.
Interactive Printable Word Jumbles - Independence Day Word Jumble Worksheet


Sous Vide Cooking
S ous vide (pronounced /su veed/) is a French culinary term meaning 'under vacuum.' It refers to a low-temperature method of cooking that originated in the early 1800s, but is favored by many professional chefs today. In very basic terms, sous vide is putting ingredients into a vacuum-sealed bag, then immersing in warm water kept at a steady temperature for an extended period of time.
Sous vide - Cooking Techniques –
As sous vide continues its revival with pro chefs, there are also enthusiatic home cooks employing the technique. Sous vide equipment is more affordable than ever before, so this method is accessible to home cooks.
Little Bite of History
Although written records about sous vide show up as early as 1799, the method wasn't brought to the forefront of French cuisine until the early 1970s. French chef George Pralus, of Restaurant Troisgros fame, and French scientist, Dr. Bruno Goussault are both cited as sous vide pioneers. Chef Pralus experimented with the method for cooking foie gras. He found the silkiness of the liver was enhanced by vacuum sealing without losing any of its precious fat, and it soon became one of his signature dishes.
Dr. Goussault took the experimentation and development even further, studying the effects of different temperatures and times, developing new processes and safety standards. He is credited in teaching his sous vide mastery to many of the world's best chefs, including: Thomas Keller, Joël Robuchon, Michel Richard, Anne-Sophie Pic, Jean-Georges Vongerichten, Daniel Boulud, Michel Bras, Alain Ducasse, Charlie Trotter, and Heston Blumenthal.
Sous Vide Advantages
There are good reasons many of today's most acclaimed chefs employ the sous vide method of cooking. First, the use of lower temperatures results in succulent, tender meat.
At lower temperatures, the tough collagen in connective tissue melts into gelatin, similar to braising. But with sous vide, the proteins in the meat are never heated so much that they denature and toughen, or lose moisture. Sous vide meats are tender to the nth degree.
Next, by placing the meat in a water bath with temperature set at the desired final cooking temperature, you remove overcooking from the equation. The food will never get hotter than the bath it is in. Keeping the low temperature strictly constrained maintains the integrity of ingredients, and achieves precise control of cooking even with irregularly shaped or very thick items, given enough time.
Finally, sealing food, especially meats, in plastic bags before cooking keeps in juices and aroma that would otherwise be lost in the cooking process.
Sous Vide Disadvantages
While sous vide cooking has a lot going for it, it's not the be-all-end-all technique. There are some limitations. For example, sous vide takes time. Because you're cooking low and slow, it takes a while for meat to reach temperature.
The technique also requires special equipment such as a vacuum-sealer and an immersion circulator, which precisely heats and circulates the water bath ensuring proper, safe cooking.
Safety is sometimes a concern of vacuum cooking since certain bacteria will propagate at lower temperatures and some people are wary of the risk of cooking in plastics.
Delve further if you'd like to learn more about sous vide cooking, or if you're feeling adventurous and would like to try sous vide at home, D'Artagnan friend and client, Chef Thomas Keller, has a wonderful sous vide tome called Under Pressure.


text:
Are microwaves distributed unevenly in the oven? Why do manufacturers claim that microwaves with turntables are more effective than microwaves without turntables?
As the microwaves bounce around the inside of the cooking chamber, they tend to interfere with one another. There are usually regions in which the waves that follow various paths almost cancel one another and regions in which the waves reinforce one another. These regions don't cook food equally well. If the microwaves are canceled in one region, cooking will be slow there. If the microwaves reinforce one another in another region, cooking will be fast there. If you simply leave food in one place and try to cook it in the microwaves, the cooking will be uneven. However, if the food is rotated continuously, these good and bad cooking regions will be blurred away so that the food will all cook at about the same speed.


text:
|PostgreSQL 8.2.23 Documentation|
|Prev||Fast Backward||Chapter 26. Monitoring Disk Usage||Fast Forward||Next|
The most important disk monitoring task of a database administrator is to make sure the disk doesn't grow full. A filled data disk will not result in data corruption, but it may well prevent useful activity from occurring. If the disk holding the WAL files grows full, database server panic and consequent shutdown may occur.
If you cannot free up additional space on the disk by deleting other things, you can move some of the database files to other file systems by making use of tablespaces. See Section 19.6 for more information about that.
Tip: Some file systems perform badly when they are almost full, so do not wait until the disk is completely full to take action.
If your system supports per-user disk quotas, then the database will naturally be subject to whatever quota is placed on the user the server runs as. Exceeding the quota will have the same bad effects as running out of space entirely.


text:
Physan 20 for use In Hydroponic Systems
Physan 20 Greenhouse Disinfectant can be used in a variety of hydroponic applications to:
1. Prevent the development of disease
2. Kill algae that may form on system surfaces and substrates
Please remember that Physan 20 is a liquid concentrate, which must be extensively diluted for hydroponic applications. This means that in some cases, only a drop or two of the concentrate will be required in a volume of water to create the correct dilution. Do not be tempted to use more Physan 20 than directed and always measure when mixing. NEVER estimate by eye the amount you add to water.
Cleaning Hydroponic Systems Between Crops
Physan is an excellent product to use to clean and disinfect your entire system between crops. Physan can be used on plastics, metal, and glass surfaces, and is safe to run through delicate pumps and meshes.
TO USE: Mix 1 Tablespoon Physan 20 in a gallon of water to create a disinfecting solution. This may be used to apply directly to hard surfaces via a spray bottle or clean sponge. The wet surface should be scrubbed if visible dirt or algae are present. Make sure the surface remains wet for 10 minutes to ensure killing of all organisms Physan 20 is capable of killing. You may also run this dilution through your hydroponic system to clean and disinfect it.
Physan 20 contains a foaming agent. At this dilution, you may notice foaming if you run the product through your system and you run aeration. This foam is harmless. If it is particularly bothersome to you, you may add a commercially available de-foaming agent.
Please note: The Physan 20 instruction booklets state that Physan should not be used in "irrigation systems". This wording refers only to OPEN irrigation systems that dump water that might be treated with Physan 20 into ponds, lakes, or any fish bearing water. Physan 20 is toxic to fish. It coats their gills and interferes with their breathing. This wording is provided by the U.S. EPA and we are not permitted to change it. However, hydroponic systems are considered CLOSED irrigation systems that do not endanger fish. Physan 20 can be used in this closed system.
Algae Control on Rock Wool and other Substrates
Physan 20 can be used to treat rock wool and other growing substrates to eliminate algae both between crops and in the presence of plants. You must use different dilutions for each of these applications.
TO USE ON ROCK WOOL/SUBSTRATES BETWEEN CROPS TO TREAT ALGAE: Make a dilute solution by adding 1 Tablespoon of Physan 20 to a gallon of water. Soak the cubes in this solution for 10 minutes. Remove cubes and let dry. Do NOT plant in the cubes for 7 days. This allows for a complete kill of algae and a breakdown of the Physan 20 active ingredients so that tender plants are not harmed upon planting.
TO USE ON ROCK WOOL/SUBSTRATES ALREADY PLANTED TO TREAT ALGAE: Make a dilute solution by adding 1-1/2 teaspoons of Physan 20 to a gallon of water. Put in a sprayer bottle and spray the surface of the rock wool substrate where algae is present. Let the sprayed surface remain wet for 10 minutes. You may also use this same dilution to spray the entire plant as well as the affected surfaces for complete pathogen control. If algae persists, apply again in same manner in 7 days. Measure carefully and DO NOT increase the concentration of the Physan, as crop damage can occur.
Adding Physan 20 to Nutrient Solutions
Adding Physan 20 to organic nutrient solutions may reduce or negate completely the algae and pathogen-killing capabilities of Physan 20. As Physan 20 is pH neutral, its addition will not change the pH of the nutrient solution. However, it should be considered that tender root systems are potentially at risk from a continual bath of Physan 20 solution. Because we cannot know what type of plants you are growing and what nutrients are being used, we can give no guidance as to the combining of Physan 20 with nutrients.
Physan 20 as a Foliar Spray for Pathogen Control
Physan 20 can be applied to plants as a foliar spray to control pathogens. However, it is NOT an insecticide and will not kill aphids, mites, scale, or pests of this sort. Physan 20 leaves no harmful residue if foliage is dried and smoked.


Skip to content
Wrong Sounding Stories: Paintings by Adam Mysock
Wrong Sounding Stories is a wacky show. Rounding out a season of history-based exhibits, Adam Mysock applies his own artistic equivalent of genetic engineering to some well-known history paintings reworked to feature Abraham Lincoln in a starring role. For instance, his remake of Emanuel Leutze's Washington Crossing the Delaware is very similar to the original, and his deft brushwork insinuates an "old master" touch, but yes, that's Lincoln's head on Washington's torso. And that vague glint in the distance is a motorcycle doing a wheelie. Some less famous originals may prove more amenable to this approach. Elihu Vedder's mystical 1863 painting, Questioner of the Sphinx, depicts a traveler from the past with his ear pressed to the Sphinx's lips as if awaiting an oracular revelation, only here he has Lincoln's head as mythic dancers cavort around a golden calf in the background. An accompanying Bible quote, "And there was a famine in the land and Abram went down into Egypt..." is typically zany, but not as much as his remake of Whistler's Mother with Lincoln dressed as Whistler's mom. While Mysock's nihilistic approach may be liberating in some ways, anything that suggests an attempt to fabricate history may inadvertently put him in the same boat with Rupert Murdoch, Fox News and the Tea Party despite his best philosophical intentions.
Written by D. Eric Bookhardt


text:
We are working hard to make what3words available offline in every language. Currently English, Spanish, Portuguese and Swahili 3 word addresses can be searched and discovered without a data connection. All other languages require a stable connection; therefore if your app is using an online language, it will switch to English when entering offline mode.
Articles in this section
- Can I open a link to a 3 word address in satellite view?
- How can I see a 3 word address as latitude,longitude coordinates?
- How do I find my 3 words?
- Can I save 3 word addresses?
- Why don't the map and satellite locations match?
- How does what3words work at the North and South pole?
- Is what3words more accurate than GPS?
- When I search for a place or street address why does it sometimes show the wrong location?
- Why do I see different words every time I press the location button?
- Which app is best for me to use what3words offline?


Incredible and fun facts to explore
Boise Idaho facts
While investigating facts about Boise Idaho Weather and Boise Idaho Real Estate, I found out little known, but curios details like:
Due to the large Basque population in Idaho, Boise state university is only one of two universities in the US (the other being University of Nevada-Reno) to offer a Basque language course.
how much snow does boise idaho get?
The USA's current passenger airbag laws resulted from a tragic accident where a child's head was knocked off and flew out the broken window when airbags deployed in a fender bender in Boise, Idaho in 1996.
What's boise idaho like?
In my opinion, it is useful to put together a list of the most interesting details from trusted sources that I've come across answering what boise idaho zip code. Here are 11 of the best facts about Boise Idaho News and Boise Idaho Homes For Sale I managed to collect.
what to do at boise idaho?
 1. Boise, Idaho, USA has a (relatively) large ethnic Basque population.
 2. Idaho's capital city is Boise.
 3. Boise, Idaho used to have an electric trolley system which was discontinued and paved over. Some tracks have been unearthed during recent construction projects in the city.
 4. Boise, Idaho has a long history of Basque culture
 5. In 1985 a 7ft. "Mr. Potato Head" ran for Mayor of Boise, Idaho. It was the "first vegetable and the first toy to run for public office."
 6. For celebrating the New Year, Boise, Idaho drops a giant potato.
 7. It takes only 10 letters to write Boise, Idaho. It takes 24 letters to write Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They are first and last in state name + capital city length.
 8. The fewest number of letters to spell a U.S. State AND its capital is 10. (Boise, Idaho)
 9. Kevin Spacey's brother is a limousine driving Rod Stewart impersonator in Boise, Idaho (You have to see this website).
boise idaho facts
What is the population of boise idaho?
This is our collection of basic interesting facts about Boise Idaho. The fact lists are intended for research in school, for college students or just to feed your brain with new realities. Possible use cases are in quizzes, differences, riddles, homework facts legend, cover facts, and many more. Whatever your case, learn the truth of the matter why is Boise Idaho so important!
Editor Veselin Nedev Editor


text:
Subject Identification Definition and Exercises
Finding subjects is easy once you have found the verb in the sentence.
Let's take our first example:
Taking dangerous risks seems to frighten most hardworking people.
What + Verb + The rest of the Sentence?
(What) seems to frighten most hardworking people?
The answer is: Taking dangerous risks.
So "Taking dangerous risks" is the subject of the sentence. Let's go back to exercise #1 where you already found the verbs and find the subjects of those verbs.
Finding Subjects: Exercise #1
The subject of a sentence can never be found within a prepositional phrase.
Finding Subjects in Prepositional Phrases
Exercise Part A. Put brackets around the prepositional phrases in the following paragraph. The first sentence is done for you.
[At the age] [of twelve] I won the swimming award [at the Lions Camp] [for
Finding Subjects Exercise
Underline all the subjects in the following paragraph. Remember that subjects cannot be found in prepositional phrases.
Exercise: Finding Subjects
Read the following paragraph and underline the subjects. Some sentences will have more than one subject.
Cartoon superheroes are made up of a number of common traits. They have
extraordinary powers and abilities. They vary greatly, but superhuman strength, the
ability to fly and the ability to project energy are often common. Batman and Green
Hornet possess no superpowers but they know martial arts. Most superheroes risk
their own safety in the service of good. Many refuse to kill an opponent, even
though they threaten the safety of others. Many superheroes use a descriptive or
symbolic code name. A supporting cast of characters includes the hero's friends and
family. Superheroes often have a secret headquarters or base. Female characters
include Invisible Woman, Black Canary and Raven. Some examples of non-Caucasian
characters are the Black Panther, Shang Chi and Cyborg.
In the following paragraph:
The Chinese animal signs are a 12 year cycle dating the years. They represent a circular
concept of time. In the Chinese calendar, the beginning of the calendar falls between late
January and early February. The Chinese have adopted the Western calendar except for
festive occasions such as the Chinese New Year. Each of the animal signs has a
horoscope. A Pig and an Ox bring prosperity. Tigers have magnetic personalities with others
while Rabbits are unhappy with strangers. Dragons lose their tempers easily. Snakes lean
toward elegance and expensiveness while Rats tend to budget carefully. Roosters begin
many projects at one time to keep busy Dogs and Horses react unpredictably but they form
good relationships with others. Monkeys project an image of mischief, and Sheep resent
being led by others.


Case diagram from the requirements
Assignment Help Business Management
Reference no: EM132280991
Create a UML Use Case diagram from the following requirements:
Tips: (1) Whenever you can say that "Item B is always a type of Item A," or "Item B is always a kind of Item A," that indicates that you have a generalization relationship such that Item B is the specialization and Item A is the generalization; (2) Include relationships are identified when one Use Case always uses another Use Case; (3) Extend relationships are identified when one Use Case sometimes (but not always) uses another Use Case.
"Dear Memphis" is a gift store in Memphis and plans to develop an online store system that can handle online orders and manage inventory. The following is the list of requirements that have been identified through interviews with the store manager. Based on the following requirements, pleaase develop a use case diagram:
 - Customers can browse and search for products; whenever customers view products, data should be retrieved from the inventory file.
 - Customers can place an order; when placing an order, the customer can either sign in using an existing account or create a new account.
 - When an order is placed, the system must check the inventory file first.
 - When placing an order, the customer must provide payment information; payment can be either a credit card or an electronic check.
 - When payment information is received, an order is saved as a new sale in the sales file.
 - When a new sale is made, the system automatically updates the inventory file.
 - The store manager is able to check the inventory level and generate inventory reports using the inventory file.
 - The inventory manager is able to update the inventory file as new shipments are received from suppliers.
 - USPS provides tracking information which is saved into the tracking data file.
 - Customers can look up tracking information based on the tracking data file, but customers must provide order information first to be able to look up tracking information.
 - The store manager can generate weekly sales reports using the sales file.
 - Sales clerk is a kind of store managers and can use the features available for the store manager, but sales clerks do not have access to the sales file
Reference no: EM132280991
Dining out in luogang case study
When journalist Peter Hessler was invited for lunch in the rural Chinese village of Luogang in Guangdong Province, he was in for a surprise.32 After he was seated at a table
Improving health care in rural america
Rural health networks are often incomplete, with shortages of various services and unique challenges due to geography. Over the past 20 years there have been several initiat
Health policy and the advanced practice role
Describe the current policy and what needs to change; justify your conclusions with citations from the literature. Provide the process required to make the change with key pla
Which country are you focusing
1) Which country are you focusing? 2) What changes/innovations interest you in that country? 3) Which companies are involved? 4) Which company you like to develop the case for
Aspects of the natural world
Emphasis is laid on the Biblical worldview and other worldviews. Biblically, the book of Romans offers a comprehensive coverage on the biblical perspectives on worldview and
Potential impacts of the economic partnership agreement
Make an argument about the potential impacts of the Economic Partnership Agreement between the European Union and African nations: What will the economic impact of the agree
Problem regarding the information systems security
You are the Information Security Officer for a small pharmacy did Has recently been opened in the local shopping mall. The daily operational of a pharmacy is a unique busine
A consultant to evaluate the completeness
Write a Review
Free Assignment Quote
Assured A++ Grade


Hazards of Kissing
1. Infectious mononucleosis
2. Allergic reactions due to transmission of allergens from kisser to kissee. This occurs in ± 5% of the general population, and causes localised itching, swelling, urticaria, and possibly wheezing
References in periodicals archive?
50 Years Ago The hazards of kissing under the mistletoe are described in the British Medical Journal as'serious but exaggerated'.


Shimazdu Presents the HPV-X2, a 10 Million fps Video Camera
Shimazdu has launched the Hyper Vision HPV-X2, an ultra high speed camera that can record 10 million frames per second. It features an FTCMOS burst image sensor, which makes it 6 times more photosensitive that its predecessors. The outstanding sensitivity and speed allow observation of varied biological and industrial processes invisible to the human eye.
The Hyper Vision HPV-X2 has an improved light sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio. It can ve synchronized with other cameras to view a sample from different viewpoints. Shimazdu has developed an accompanying software for camera control and data analysis, but other imaging and analytical softwares are compatible too.
How does the Burst Method allow recording 10 million fps?
Conventional camera: memories are located outside of the sensor.
02In normal cameras, images are stored in memories located outside of the image sensor. This means that the image signals must be transferred to the memory. The problem comes when the number of pixels to transfer is enormous compared to the number of signal output taps, given that the process has to be sequential. In practice, this hinders ultra high-speed recording. Shimazdu solved the problem developing an image sensor with built-in memories, as many as frames to be recorded per second. Memories and pixels are connected one-to-one for parallel transfer of information.
The new Burst Image Sensor is based in CMOS technology. Instead of locating memories contiguous to the pixels, which is typical of CCD sensors, CMOS sensors spatially separate pixels and memories, avoiding signal leakage from the pixels to the memories.
The Hyper Vision HPV-X2 video camera has applications in the aerospace, automotive and semiconductor fields, and also in the manufacture of industrial equipment, advanced medical equipment and consumer electronics.


text:
Cats come in a variety of sizes ranging from long and lean to short and chunky, but how do you know how skinny is too skinny? When do you start worrying about their weight and asking yourself, "Is my cat too skinny?"
We want you to be able to tell if your cat is at a good weight or not, and this is why we're going to give you ways to measure your cat that can do at home. We're also going to tell you what could cause your cat to be too skinny, different body styles, and more.
Two Different Cat Body Types
Although cats arguably come in many different shapes and sizes, you can put them in two broad categories based on how they look. Mixed-breed domestic shorthairs usually fall between the two body types, and the two different body types include:
- Cobby Build – The cobby build is for cats that have short bodies, a shorter and stouter tail, and heavy bones. This body type typically ranges between 7 to 12 pounds, and the Persian would be a good example of this build.
- Oriental Build – The oriental build is for cats that have long and slender limbs, svelte bodies with fine bones, and long slender tails. Their weight usually falls between 5 to 10 pounds, and the Siamese or Domestic Shorthair are good examples of this build.
It's important that you know which build your cat falls under because the weight range varies. It's easier to tell if a cat with an Oriental build is underweight than it is to tell if a cat with a Cobby build is underweight because they're more solid overall.
How to Check if Your Cat is Too Skinny
Fortunately, it's relatively easy to check and see if your cat is starting to hit the underweight mark just by using your hands. This will be slightly more difficult if your cat has a longer coat, but it's possible with a little patience.
You start by having your cat stand or sit in front of you before you take your hands and perform a gentle rubbing motion along your cat's ribs, spine, pelvic bones, and shoulder blades. You want to feel a light layer of fat that pads these areas from your fingers, and their bones should be sticking out or angular.
If you can feel these bony areas under your fingers and they're sharp or poking out, your cat is most likely under their target weight. Easily distinguishable rib and hip bones, a narrow waist, and visible shoulder blades are all common symptoms of an underweight cat.
Signs That Your Cat is Too Skinny
Most of these signs that indicate your cat may be too skinny relate to your cat's physical appearance, and it's much easier to tell in you have a cat with a shorter coat. However, they include:
- Your cat's waist looks very narrow compared to other cats
- You can see your cat's spine and ribs, and you can feel the bones
- The shoulder blades protrude, and the rib cage is visible
- Your cat's stomach is more tucked in
- There is a lack of fat along your cat's ribs and back.
- There aren't a lot of folds on your cat's body
- Your cat's body deviates from the traditional hourglass shape
- There is a thinning around your cat's neck area
9 Reasons Why Your Cat Is Too Skinny
There are several reasons why your cat is getting too skinny, and it's always best to check with your veterinarian if you have real concerns. Maybe it's something as simple as your cat not getting enough nutrients from their food, and your veterinarian will be able to rule out medical conditions.
Lacking Nutrients from Food
Take a look at your cat food's nutritional label, and pay close attention to the protein and nutrient levels. If your cat isn't getting enough of these nutrients, they could start to lose weight as a result and continue losing weight as their body tries to extract nutrients from your cat's body fat.
Maybe you just have a very active cat combined with a very fast metabolism that lets them burn through calories far faster than they're able to eat. If this is the case, you can give your cat a food that has a higher calorie and nutrient content to help them put on weight and keep it on.
Dental problems plague cats of all ages, and it's widely estimated that roughly half of all cats over the age of three have dental problems or dental disease. Things like absences, missing teeth, broken, teeth, or plaque can make it difficult for your cat to eat.
Scheduling routine cleaning is one way for your veterinarian to take care of any problem areas and address their dental problems. You can also practice brushing your cat's teeth or giving them dental chews to help reduce plaque buildup.
Not Enough Food
If you have other pets or even a multiple cat household, there could be competition over the food dish during mealtimes. If only one cat is getting skinny, maybe they're not able to compete with your other cats or animals for food.
You can try feeding the skinny cat in a room by themselves and see if it helps them gain weight. You should also set meal times at the same time every day to get your cat in a routine that ensures they eat when they're supposed to without letting them free feed.
Cats can develop a variety of gastrointestinal issues from sensitivities or allergies to ingredients in their foods. These issues can cause bloating, pain, gas, a loss of appetite, and trouble extracting nutrients from their food when they do eat.
If you think it's allergies or sensitives at work, you can try switching your cat to a limited ingredient food. Once you do, you want to monitor them to see if their digestive issues start to go away. If they do, you can keep them on the limited ingredient diet.
Many middle-aged or older cats develop hyperthyroidism that causes issues like vomiting, weight loss, increased urination, and increased appetite. The thyroid gland starts to produce too much thyroid hormone, and this throws off your cat's systems and causes weight loss.
Only your veterinarian can diagnose a case of hyperthyroidism by performing an exam and blood tests. If hyperthyroidism is causing your cat's weight loss, the weight loss should go away when you start your cat's treatment through medications, surgery, or diet therapy.
Another common health problem for cats is diabetes, and diabetes causes your cat to have a huge appetite while not being able to keep weight on. It directly impacts your cat's ability to extract and retain the nutrients from the food they eat, and this is why they want to eat more.
You want to take note on whether or not your cat has excessive thirst, excessive urination, or appetite changes and tell your veterinarian. They can do a blood test and discuss the best treatment routine based on the type of diabetes your cat gets diagnosed with.
Liver or Kidney Issues
Liver and kidney issues are common in cats, and they're more common in cats who are old and overweight because it puts stress on your cat's organs. As these organs continue to deteriorate, your cat can start to lose weight at a steady pace.
Again, blood tests will confirm or rule out problems with your cat's liver or kidney issues, and your veterinarian will set up a treatment plan based on their findings. This can include things like medications and changing your cat's diet to a renal one.
Parasites like ringworm or tapeworms are a treatable infection, but they can cause weight loss because they'll start to pull the nutrients from your cat's body when they're trying to digest their food. The worse the infection gets, the skinner your cat will get.
Deworming medications are the common course of treatment for a parasitic infection, and your veterinarian will require a stool sample to confirm the presence of these parasites. The parasites usually go away after a round or two of the medication, and your cat should start gaining weight.
Is my cat too skinny? Now you know how to find out which body style your cat falls in, how to check if they're skinny by looking at them and running your hands over them, and nine common causes of weight loss. You can help treat them to get your cat back to a healthy weight and happy.


text:
MATS / Innosat
The first mission to be realised using the InnoSat platform is the MATS scientific mission, created by the Department of Meteorology (MISU) at Stockholm University. MATS, an acronym that stands for "Mesospheric Airglow/Aerosol Tomography and Spectroscopy", will use optical measurements techniques to study the mesosphere. MATS will apply tomography to gain information about atmospheric structures and wave patterns; by looking at the mesosphere from many different directions it is possible to reconstruct three-dimensional pictures. By collecting data from the mesosphere over two years' time, MATS will thus allow us to address a wide range of scientific questions about this remote part of the atmosphere.
OHB Sweden contributions
OHB Sweden acts as the prime contractor for the development of the InnoSat platform, the first flight model for MATS and for the launch and operations of the MATS satellite. OHB Sweden works in partnership with ÅAC Microtec who is responsible for the On-Board Computer (OBC) and the power subsystem.
The Swedish National Space Board (SNSB) is financing the development of the InnoSat platform and the first flight model aimed for the MATS mission.
SNSB is also financing the development of the MATS scientific instrument which is carried out by Omnisys Instruments and KTH in Sweden under the leadership of MISU.
The launch of the MATS mission is planned for 2019.