Preheat in Welding: What Is It and When Should You Use It?
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Welding preheat is important in many applications. Learn about the benefits and drawbacks of four common welding preheat methods.
Side-by-side image showing infrared heat using induction and induction setup with air-cooled cables
Preheating in welding is used to help ensure weld quality and reduce the occurrence of cracking and other problems that can result in costly rework. Welding preheat is commonly used before welding steel or steel alloy pipes or plates that are 1 inch thick or more. Preheating is often required in shop and field welding for oil and gas, transmission pipelines, power plants, structural construction, mining, shipbuilding and heavy equipment applications.
The process of preheating involves heating the area around the weld joint or the entire part to a specified temperature before welding. This reduces the cooling rate of the weld and drives out moisture, which in turn helps prevent hydrogen buildup and the potential for cracking.
Several methods can be used for welding preheat, including induction, open flame, resistance heating and convection ovens. Each one has benefits and drawbacks depending on the application. The best preheating method for a specific application often depends on the material thickness, the size of the weldment, the project timeline and budget, and available personnel and expertise.
When to use welding preheat
Determining if a welding application requires preheat depends on several factors, including the type and thickness of the base material. It's typically dictated by the welding code being used. To meet the requirements of the code, the welding procedure specification (WPS) for the job will outline the minimum and maximum preheat temperatures as well as the necessary duration of preheating. Often, a part must be held within a specific temperature range for a certain amount of time — such as between 250 degrees and 400 degrees Fahrenheit for 30 minutes — before welding can start.
Welders typically must monitor the base metal's temperature between weld passes to ensure the material remains within the required range. Common temperature verification tools include crayons, thermocouples, infrared thermometers and thermal imaging cameras.
Methods of preheating
In welding preheat, the heat can be applied directly around the area of the weld joint, or the entire part can be heated. There are four common welding preheat methods:
 - How it works: Induction creates a magnetic field that generates eddy currents within the base metal, heating it internally from within. Induction accessories, such as cables or blankets, are placed on the part to generate the magnetic field.
 - Pros: Induction offers quick setup, often in less than five minutes, and a fast time to temperature. Induction produces a uniform heated area — making it easy to achieve and stay within even a strict temperature window. The process is also extremely efficient and does not require personnel to watch it. Induction provides safety benefits, since the output coils don't get hot or create an uncomfortably hot environment for welders. The process also provides the flexibility to heat many different sizes and shapes of parts, and delivers localized heating where the part is.
 - Cons: Induction can have a higher initial cost and requires some operator training to ensure proper wrapping techniques.
Open flame
 - How it works: Operators use a fuel gas and compressed air torch (sometimes called rosebuds) to apply flame directly to the metal part.
 - Pros: If welding operations already have a torch, additional equipment doesn't need to be purchased for preheating. Flame preheating also requires little operator training.
 - Cons: Drawbacks of flame preheating include inconsistent temperature uniformity, a slower time to temperature since the process is inefficient, and comfort and safety issues for operators working near the soot, smoke and gases produced while using open flame. Flame preheating also involves the extra expense of the gas storage and distribution to the welding cells and requires personnel to be on fire watch during the process. Flame can cost $40 to $60 in consumable fuel per hour.
Resistance heating
 - How it works: Resistance heating uses electrically heated ceramic pads placed on the base metal. The heated tiles transfer heat to the part through radiant heat and conductive heat where the pads are in contact with the part.
 - Pros: Preheating with resistance can deliver temperature consistency if the system is working accurately and no pads are broken. It's also a method that can be used for larger projects and parts.
 - Cons: The cost of using resistance can be higher, especially since the method is often contracted out to a third party who controls the schedule and timeline. It can also be time-consuming — sometimes taking an hour or more to arrange and secure the heating pads to the part — and the required cool-down time adds to the time for setup and removal. Resistance heating elements also need insulation to help retain heat. The insulation and ceramic heating pads are costly consumables that need to be replaced occasionally, and the work environment can be an issue for these fragile components. Broken pads can cause hot and cold spots in the part. In addition, resistance heating elements get extremely hot and can pose a safety hazard for operators as well as affect operator comfort by adding to the ambient temperature. With resistance heating, electricians and a costly electrical drop are also necessary. During the heating cycle, the power source becomes a "spark generator" and require continued maintenance supervision from the mechanical contactors.
 - How it works: Ovens used for welding preheat use convection heating. The entire part is placed inside the oven for preheating.
 - Pros: Uniform heating is possible since the entire part is inside the oven. It's also a good option when an entire large part must be heated, or when the operation needs to do batch heating of many parts at once.
 - Cons: Ovens can be quite large and require connection to an electrical outlet, so they are often permanently installed in one location and don't offer mobility. As a result, parts must be brought to the oven for preheating, which can be difficult when very large parts are involved. These systems also typically require a substantial electrical connection and system, which adds expense. Also, the oven may have to be preheated for several hours before it's used, and it can put out enough heat to warm up the area around the oven, negatively affecting worker comfort. Outsourcing oven preheating causes a loss of control over the schedule and timeline.
Options for welding preheat
Many welding applications — especially critical welds in industries such as structural construction, oil and gas and shipbuilding — require preheat. Minimizing the temperature difference between the arc and the base material slows the weld cooling rate and lowers hydrogen, two factors that help reduce the risk of cracking and the potential for a failed weld.
Numerous welding preheat methods are available. Understanding the differences can help you choose the method that best helps optimize efficiency, reduce costs and rework, and produce high-quality welds in your application.
You can avoid the welding problems that threaten construction schedules and drive up costs.
Published: May 28, 2020


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The Craft Revival project's primary objective is to create a web-based digital history documenting the Craft Revival movement that occurred in western North Carolina from 1895 to1945. A main component of the project is a virtual collection of documents, photographs, craft objects, and artifacts that tells the story of the Craft Revival. This virtual collection consists of digital surrogates that reside together in a database, maintained by Western Carolina University's Hunter Library.
Most of the original materials used to produce the digital images in the virtual collection are housed in seven partner institutions. You can access partner collections through their finding aids here:
- John C. Campbell Folk School Collection Guide
- Museum of the Cherokee Collection Guide
- Penland School of Crafts Collection Guide
- Qualla Arts & Crafts Mutual Collection Guide
- Southern Highland Craft Guild Collection Guide
- WCU Hunter Library Special Collections Collection Guide
- WCU Mountain Heritage Center Collection Guide
Individual collection guides for each of the project's partner institutions give information about each institution, general information about their collections, and specific information about the collections from which materials were selected for the Craft Revival virtual collection.
A collection policy provides guidance for what materials are selected, digitized, and included in this virtual collection.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: The weather in Ireland has few extremes. Overall, Ireland has a mild but changeable Oceanic climate. The warmest recorded temperature was 33.3 Celsius (91.94 Fahrenheit) at Kilkenny Castle, County Kilkenny on June 26, 1887. The lowest recorded temperature was −19.1 Celsius (−2.38 Fahrenheit) at Markree Castle, County Sligo on January 16, 1881. Ireland weather can be rainy. Statistics show that the greatest recorded annual rainfall was 3,964.9 mm (156.1 inches) in the Ballaghbeena Gap in 1960. 1887 was the driest year on record, with only 356.6 mm (14.0 inches) of rain recorded at Glasnevin. The longest period of drought was in Limerick, where there was no recorded rainfall over 38 days during April and May 1938. Weather in Ireland is typically insular, and as a result of the moderating moist winds which ordinarily prevail from the southwestern Atlantic, it is temperate, avoiding the extremes in temperature of many other areas in the world at similar latitudes. Ireland weather does feature precipitation throughout the year, but it is light overall, particularly in the east. Ireland weather in the west, however, tends to be wetter on average and more prone to Atlantic storms, especially in the late autumn and winter months, which sometimes bring destructive winds and high rainfall totals to these areas. Snow and hail can also result from these storms. Weather in Ireland can be dangerous. The regions of North Galway and East Mayo have the highest incidents of recorded lightning annually (five to ten days per year). In the southern regions, Ireland weather is less likely to include snow. Munster in the south records the least snow with Ulster in the north more prone to snow. Some areas along the south and southwest coasts have not had any snow since February 1991. Weather in Ireland has more extremes in Inland areas, which are warmer in summer and colder in winter. They usually have around 40 days of below-freezing temperatures at inland weather stations, but only ten days at coastal stations. Ireland weather occasionally includes heat waves, most recently in 1995, 2003 and 2006.


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Main Article Content
The level of physical development of children and adolescents determines the reproductive, morphofunctional status of the future generation and reflects the influence of climatic, socio-economic living conditions in the region. The growing part of the population is most sensitive to environmental factors, so it is important to study the features of growth and development of children and adolescents living in environmentally unfavorable conditions. In the spring of 2022, an anthropometric survey of 139 15-year-old girls living in the city of Nukus, Muynak and Ellikkalinsky districts of the Republic of Karakalpakstan was conducted. The results of the study coincided with the literature data and showed that representatives of the Muynak district, which is an ecological disaster zone, have a body mass deficit and the values of the studied morphofunctional indicators (body length, body weight, chest circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference) are lower than those of their peers living in another area.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Health workers' incentives in post-conflict settings – a review of the literature and framework for research
Health worker attraction, retention and performance are arguably the most critical factors affecting the performance of a health system. In post-conflict settings, where health systems and health worker livelihoods have been disrupted, the challenges facing the establishment of the right incentive environment are particularly important, and the contextual dynamics around them especially important to understand and incorporate sensitively into policy measures.
This paper aims to identify research gaps in relation to health worker incentives in post-conflict contexts. It was conducted as a background review for a ReBUILD research project on this topic. It starts with a discussion of key definitions. It then draws on a literature review to highlight what is known about health worker incentives in post-conflict areas. Based on this, a framework for future research is developed and discussed.
You can download the full report here.
The review highlights a rich though limited stock of studies on health worker incentives in post-conflict areas. Building on the literature and the conceptual framework, ReBUILD has developed research in selected post-conflict countries to understand how their incentive environments evolved in the shift away from conflict, what influenced the trajectory, what the reform objectives and mechanisms have been, and what have been their effects (intended and unintended). These aim to generate lessons on design, implementation, and suitability to context of different policy measures within and across countries.
To complement existing studies, there is a need to focus on the longer term reconstruction post-conflict and also on incorporating the experiences of health workers themselves – how they experienced the conflict, how they coped, and what legacy there is for their expectations and willingness to work post-conflict. Personal factors are understandably absent from the studies commissioned in urgent conditions in the immediate post-conflict phase, but merit more in-depth studies.


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The performance implications of perceptual differences of dependence in marketing channels: The mediating role of trust
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address two essential questions: do perceptual differences regarding dependence matter in determining channel performance, and if so, how? Design/methodology/approach – The paper conducted an empirical study of 347 cellular telephone supplier-retailer dyads in China. A questionnaire survey was employed. Findings – The results reveal that a retailer's perceptual difference of dependence exerts a significant effect on its evaluation of supplier performance only. Retailer trust partially mediates the effect of the perceptual differences on supplier performance and retailer performance. Therefore, the particular side of a dyadic relationship that researchers choose to study matters in an unbalanced dependence relationship. Practical implications – Managers, depending on their side, should pay close attention to perceptual differences and their consequences and deliberately employ different strategies to ensure effective channel management. Originality/value – Do differences in parties' perceptions of dependence influence channel performance? If they do, how do these perceived differences exert direct and indirect impacts? By answering these questions, the authors contribute not only to an understanding of the unique nature of dyadic channel relationships but also to methodological notions about whether to study one side in a dyad.
|Keywords||B2B marketing, Channel relationships, Marketing in China|
|Journal||Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics|
Yang, Z. (Zhilin), Jia, F. (Fang), & Cai, S. (2014). The performance implications of perceptual differences of dependence in marketing channels: The mediating role of trust. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 26(3), 344–364. doi:10.1108/APJML-12-2013-0154


text: A brain-computer interface (BCI) system may allow a user to communicate by selecting one of many options. These options may be presented in a matrix. Larger matrices allow a larger vocabulary, but require more time for each selection. In this study, subjects were asked to perform a target detection task using matrices appropriate for a BCI. The study sought to explore the relationship between matrix size and EEG measures, target detection accuracy, and user preferences. Results indicated that larger matrices evoked a larger P300 amplitude, and that matrix size did not significantly affect performance or preferences.


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HandsOn Gloves Grooming Tool Horses Dogs Cats Pets
Why Do Dogs Roll In Feces?
Rolling in dog, cat, cow, horse, coyote, and other animal feces is very common for dogs. There are several theories on this, and here is the one that seems most plausible. The primal, ancient instinct of dogs is to mask their scent for hunting. This would enable the dog to sneak up on his prey Read More


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Weak-field laser phase modulation coherent control of asymptotic photofragment distributions
Coherent control of the asymptotic photofragment state-resolved distributions by means of laser phase modulation in the weak-field limit is demonstrated computationally for a polyatomic molecule. The control scheme proposed applies a pump laser field consisting of two pulses delayed in time. Phase modulation of the spectral bandwidth profile of the laser field is achieved by varying the time delay between the pulses. The underlying equations show that such a phase modulation is effective in order to produce control effects on the asymptotic, long-time limit photofragment distributions only when the bandwidths of the two pulses overlap in a frequency range. The frequency overlap of the pulses gives rise to an interference term which is responsible for the modulation of the spectral profile shape. The magnitude of the range of spectral overlap between the pulses becomes an additional control parameter. The control scheme is illustrated computationally for the asymptotic photofragment state distributions produced from different scenarios of the Ne–Br2 predissociation. An experimental application of the control scheme is found to be straightforward.


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What happens when a molecule of DNA unzips?
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DNA splits, and mRNA and tRNA are there to create new strands for the new replicated DNA strand. This is what happens prior to mitosis in cell division.
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What happens after DNA is unzipped?
This method is called " Semi-conservative " which replicates the DNA so it begins with unzipping, unwinding the DNA by breaking down the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenou
How is a DNA molecule unzipped?
The original strand of DNA is unzipped by an enzyme that breaks the  hydrogen bonds between the bases. This process continues until the  entire strand of DNA has been unzipp
What is the enzyme that unzips DNA?
There are several enzymes that 'unzip' DNA. These enzymes are  collectively known as DNA helicases. DNA helicases are  helix-destabilizing enzymes that bind to DNA at the or
What occurs when a molecule of Dna is unzipped?
One double stranded Dna molecule is separated into two single stranded Dna molecules. A large multitude of bioprocess possibilities subsequentially present themselves!
In Biology
At the beginning of DNA replication what two processes unzip the two strands of a DNA molecule?
Transcription and replication. According to evolution that is. Is this question asking at the begininning of time, or an overall in-body DNA question? Life as we know it canno
In Biology
What enzyme unzips DNA and RNA?
The enzyme used to unzip human DNA (and RNA) is called helicase. There are a few types of helicase such as DNA helicase, RNA helicase, etc. Each type has its own specific role


"Sin" vs. "Offense"
There is a difference between a "sin" (adharma or pāpa) and a "hatred" (a.k.a "offense" – aparādhā). "Hatred" is "sin" but not all "sin" is "hatred." "Hatred" is a special subset of "sin" – it is the worst type. It is so bad that it is considered in a separate category.
A "sin" is simply failure to fulfill our duty, responsibility and function. A father, for example, sins if he cannot provide physical and mental security for his family. The acts he does which contribute to this failure are also "sins."
A "hatred" (aparādhā) is an intentional hurt or slander against a person who deserves to be respected or loved. Sin can happen by mistake or out of weakness, but hatred (aparādhā) is willful and intentional by definition.
One example of aparādhā: The teacher comes into the room, and the student refuses to stand. Another example: A father yelling at his daughter for wanting his attention and affection
An aparādhā is not a mistake, it is intentional. Because aparādhā are intentional, they are worse than ordinary "sin."
A student who didn't know he was supposed to stand when the teacher entered the room isn't so much an aparādhī as a mild pāpī. A father who unintentionally fails in his relationship with his daughter is again more a pāpī than an aparādhī.
It is far worse to be an aparādhī than to be a pāpī. In Gītā, Krishna says that the worst type of sin is kāma – selfish desire. This is because kāma is the root of aparādhā. When we want things for ourself (kāma), we will inevitably hate (aparādhā) those who frustrate our desires.
We have wasted a lot of our time and breath criticizing "materialistic people" for their "sins" but we are far, far worse than they are because of our aparādhā against the most lovable entity, Krishna. We know that we should be attentive and affectionate towards Krishna's name, image, wisdom (the Veda) and to those who teach and exemplify it (the gurus and sādhus), but we continue to refuse to make that effort.
Our lack of progress in bhakti-yoga is due to aparādhā, but aparādhā is based on our failure to develop proper comprehension of the goal (prayojana), the process (adhideya), and the components of reality (sambandha). The tendency for hatred goes away the more deeply we comprehend our relationship to other people and reality as a whole – i.e. the more deeply we understand sambandha-jñāna. So the best cure for the worst evil is careful study of śāstra under the guidance of a guru who deeply understands them.
– Vraja Kishor dās
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 1. One time long long ago in a bhagavatam lecture I remember the speaker discussing a difference between "kama" and "kam" and explaining that kam is strictly lust, where as kama is a more neutral term and designates desire in a more general sense. I'm paraphrasing what I remember + my memory is not too good-maybe I'm entirely mistaken.
 Any thoughts on this? And of course there is kama sutra. Im not very scholarly but I always thought that was sort of meant as an allowance to people in general for accomodating human desires while living God-centered lives.
 I was a little confused with your use of the word kama, but I emphasize I am not challenging you as I no very little myself. I'm just confused.
 1. Kāma is the correct pronunciation. Kām is the vernacular pronunciation. They are not two different words.
 Kāma sūtra is the summary of all Vedic instruction on how to enjoy pleasures. It is compiled by the sage Vatsāyana. It is mastered by Kāmadeva and Rati, but Kāmadeva and Rati cannot comprehend the mastery of Krishna and Rādhā of these sūtras.
 Kāma-sūtra is meant to help people enjoy their senses. There is nothing wrong with enjoying the senses in the ways described there – which are healthy, moderate, and not to the exclusion of the more evolved goals of life, including liberation.
 Kāma is "pleasure." Kāma can be called lust, but it is not only sexual lust, therefore the word lust can be misleading as nowadays most people only think of the sexual connotation. The desire for enjoyment is self-centeredness. So self-centered desire or "selfishness" is how I prefer to translate and explain kāma.
 1. A good approach is to deduce.
 Kandarpa. God of Love {pritideva}[spiritual world] (purity is essential)
 Kamadeva. God of Lust {kamadeva}
 [material world] (pleasure is all encompassing)
 Same being, two different worlds. I know; I yearn for pleasure in this world and prayer to enhance my future in the next world.
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Flesh is the soft part of the body of a person or animal which is between the skin and the bones. In ordinary speech, it typically contrasts with bone, as in the merism flesh and bone. It mainly refers to skeletal muscle and associated fat, though it includes all other internal soft tissue. The softness of a human body is generally attributed to flesh, although muscles can also give a notion of hardness.
The word "meat" is normally used instead if animal flesh is intended as food.
In some instances, the term "flesh" will be used to describe the soft interior of fruits, usually the part that is eaten.


In the projects which are carried out by businesses in the Infrastructure Building sector, the parties involved communicate constantly.
The Infrastructure Building industry is characterized by changing cooperation relations between the different parties involved. During the entire process - from the first idea until finally the use and operational management - new cooperation relationships are constantly being formed. Some parties stay involved in the project over a longer period of time, while others come and go. Good communication between the parties involved is paramount for the efficiency in the project. The quick agreement on changes by all building partners, and the prompt availability of the last version of a drawing at the building sight, has great influence on the quality, the time span and the costs of a project.
Project partners experience that poor communication is an important bottleneck in the infrastructure building sector. In early 1998 a number of organizations from the infrastructure building sector came up with the plan to formulate agreements about communication between partners in infrastructure building projects. This plan constituted the foundation for what is now known in the sector as 'VISI'.
What does VISI stand for?
VISI stands for 'creating conditions for the establishment of standardization ICT in the infrastructure building sector' and its goals can be defined as follows:
 1. The parties involved agreed on generally applicable agreements about the content and design of communication between them.
 2. With these agreements the parties are able to enter into cooperation relationships and set up communication structures faster and more flexible.
 3. The parties involved communicate better with their environment and thus increase the quality of the product.
 4. With these agreements the tools in the area of information and communication technology (ICT) are better utilized.
It simply comes down that VISI aims to make unambiguous agreements about the (digital) communication at the points of contact or interfaces between parties in infrastructure building projects. These agreements should lead to the ability for the parties to find each other at will.
The Solution
The agreements which have been developed are related to communication which is needed to securely register the formal transactions between the partners in an infrastructure building project. For example for the settlement of alterations or the submittal and approval of a budget.
The agreements that VISI has developed are grouped according to areas of application. A group of agreements is referred to as a VISI-framework. The first area of application for which a VISI-framework is made available is in the communication between the principal and those employed by the principal in an UAV-agreement (UAV is the Dutch acronym for uniform administrative conditions). This framework is simply referred to as VISI-framework UAV.
What are these agreements about? The most important component is a collection of messages, made-up as forms. These messages are ready to be used in practise. Every message has specific data elements, independent of the goal of use. Thus in the VISI framework UAV we find a message for the submittal of a budget; in this message we see data elements to indicate which part of the budget it refers to, and which amounts are applicable.
Aside from the messages there are a number of other matters which are settled in a framework; for example which messages belong together to settle that a certain procedure is fixed. Furthermore the order of messages is dictated. Think about the submittal of a budget. This begins with the message 'budget' which is submitted by the employed party. Subsequently the principal can choose whether to answer with a message'rejection budget' or 'provisional approval budget', etc. The collection of messages for the settlement of such a procedure and their order is called a Transaction in VISI.
Finally, in communication it is important that it is clear from who messages come and to whom they go. In a VISI-framework this is fixed through roles. In a transaction there are always 2 roles involved. If we take again the example of'submitting a budget', then the two roles involved are the principal and those employed by the principal.
The result
Five large government principals in the building industry decided to introduce VISI in phases. The five principals are Rijkswaterstaat, Dienst Vastgoed Defensie, Rijksgebouwendienst, ProRail and Gemeentewerken Rotterdam. They signed for this in December 2006 in an implementation decision. The implementation took place in phases. In 2007 the principals carried out a number of their infrastructure building projects, which were placed in the market based on the UAV89, with VISI. This way the individual organizations and their building partners could get used to this form of communication. From 2008 onwards the use of VISI in all UAV89 projects has been made compulsory. For the B&U 2008 was the introductory year and the obligation to use VISI counts from 2009 onward. It was expected that from mid 2007 the contract model UAVgc would be introduced. The principals had to make a decision about this independently.
Source: CROW


1. A cause or reason that contributes to some result.
2. An agent hired to sell property on behalf of its owner. The factor is given control and possession of the property from the start of the sale period until either the time of sale or the end of the agency relationship.
3. Someone who buys accounts receivable in exchange for a lump sum of money. The factor acquires rights to the future income stream from the accounts receivable, and the seller acquires immediate cash to fuel its business.


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Anthracnose causes spots on canes. The spots, which have purplish margins surrounding lighter centers,
expand and may cover the stem. Spots on young leaves are yellow and have a narrow, purplish margin. Their
centers often fall out as leaves expand, leaving a hole. Stems and canes may crack and die.
The fungus that causes Anthracnose overwinters in canes and infects new growth in the spring. Remove
and destroy infected canes, stems, and leaves as soon as symptoms appear. Keep plants pruned. Normally,
treating canes in the dormant season with Bordeaux just before buds break should be sufficient
Purplish spots forming on canes
spots forming on leaves


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Why is Louisa Collins known as the Borgia of Botany?
I've received so many emails in response to the story in Good Weekend (19/10) and one question that has arisen is: why was Louisa called the Borgia of Botany?
Two reasons: first, because Louisa supposedly used poison to dispatch her husbands (once you've read the book, you'll be able to decide for yourself whether she was guilty.)
The name Louisa sounds a little like Lucrezia - and Lucrezia Borgia is a famous figure in Renaissance history: the daughter of a Pope, she is rumoured to have owned a hollow ring, which she would fill with poison to drop into the drinks of her family's enemies.
Second: because Louisa lived in Botany, of course!


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Optical EngineeringToward an analog very large scale integration system for perceiving depth through motion parallax
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We describe the development of an analog very large scale integration (AVLSI) system for perceiving depth of a stationary object, termed the depth through motion parallax (DTMP) system. The system consists of an AVLSI smart focal plane array and an optical lens, with a laser system for the object. The DTMP integrated circuit is implemented using the AMI Semiconductor 1.5-µm process available through the MOSIS integrated circuit fabrication service. The DTMP chip and the lens are mounted on a single motion-controlled stage to mimic the human head and eye. The object is mounted on a different motion stage and is manually moved to different depths with respect to the lens. We report experimental results obtained for depth perception with the head being stationary and the object moving with a constant velocity that is geometrically equivalent to the object being stationary and the head moving with a constant velocity. Our results show that the transit time across the DTMP chip, which is equivalent to the perceived velocity, can be used to determine the depth of an object, and uses less than 2 mW of average power.


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Why are tomatoes red? The same reason dinosaurs were killed off, say scientists. The massive meteorite that struck Earth 60 to 70 million years ago created extremely harsh conditions that forced the evolution of the tomato into its current red and edible form, reports Phys.org. Researchers discovered this connection by mapping the complete tomato genome and finding that the number of tomato genes suddenly tripled near the time of the meteorite impact.
"Such a big genome expansion points to extremely stressful conditions," says one of the researchers. As the theory goes, the solar eclipse that followed the meteorite crash would have made it difficult for plants to live. "A distant ancestor of the tomato plant then reacted by expanding its genome considerably in order to increase its chances of survival." In time, the tomato shed some of the other characteristics it picked up, but its redness stayed.


Race, Identity and Education Achievements Among
By Fethi Mansouri.
Published by The Learner Collection
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Article: Print $US10.00
Article: Electronic $US5.00
This project investigates the social and pedagogic challenges faced by Arabic-speaking background students and their schools in realising positive educational outcomes.
Keywords: Multicultural education, Race and identity, Arab-Australian youth, Cross-cultural pedagogies
International Journal of Learning, Volume 11. Article: Print (Spiral Bound), ISSN: ISSN _PHONE_, LC04-0121-2004. Article: Electronic (PDF File; 366.284KB), ISSN: ISSN _PHONE_, LC04-0121-2004.
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By Vaudine England
BBC News, Hong Kong
A study by doctors in Hong Kong has concluded that epilepsy can be induced by the Chinese tile game of mahjong.
The study said the syndrome affects more men than women
The findings, published in the Hong Kong Medical Journal, were based on 23 cases of people who suffered mahjong-induced seizures.
The report's four authors, from Hong Kong's Queen Mary Hospital, said the best prevention - and cure - was to avoid playing mahjong.
The study led the doctors to define mahjong epilepsy as a unique syndrome.
Epileptic seizures can be provoked by a wide variety of triggers, but one cause increasingly evident to researchers is the playing - or even watching - of mahjong.
This Chinese tile game, played by four people round a table, can involve gambling and quickly becomes compulsive.
The game, which is intensely social and sometimes played in crowded mahjong parlours, involves the rapid movement of tiles in marathon sessions.
The doctors conclude that the syndrome affects far more men than women; that their average age is 54; and that it can hit sufferers anywhere between one to 11 hours into a mahjong game.
They say the attacks were not just caused by sleep deprivation or gambling stress.
Mahjong is cognitively demanding, drawing on memory, fast calculations, concentration, reasoning and sequencing.
The distinctive design of mahjong tiles, and the sound of the tiles crashing onto the table, may contribute to the syndrome.
The propensity of Chinese people to play mahjong also deserves further study, the doctors say.
What is certain though, is that the only sure way to avoid mahjong epilepsy, is to avoid mahjong, which for many people is easier said than done.


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Note: in tables with text fields you can do the same in the rich text editor for table cells. You can reach the rich text editor through SHIFT-Enter.
2) file attachment control
We can add a file attachment control to items. This allows you to upload attachments and show them as a list of files. See the other question for more details or look at the animated gif on how to add the FileManager field to a category of items:


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Digest::BubbleBabble takes a message digest (generated by either of the MD5 or
SHA-1 message digest algorithms) and creates a fingerprint of that digest in
"bubble babble" format. Bubble babble is a method of representing a message
digest as a string of "real" words, to make the fingerprint easier to remember.
The "words" are not necessarily real words, but they look more like words than
a string of hex characters.
Bubble babble fingerprinting is used by the SSH2 suite (and, consequently, by
Net::SSH::Perl, the Perl SSH implementation) to display easy-to-remember key
fingerprints. The key (a DSA or RSA key) is converted into a textual form,
digested using Digest::SHA1, and run through bubblebabble to create the key


Klik hier voor de Nederlandse versie van deze website
What is Take5 all about?
Take5 is an fast, user-friendly and affordable
stop motion animation program. Make your own
animations with objects or figures within minutes.
Why don't you give Take5 a try, it's fun and free.
What does a Take5 animation look like?
How is Take5 used?
Capture images from a video camera or webcam
and instantly play them as an animation. Easely
change the order and sequence of the frames.
See the Take5 workflow in detail here [157 KB]
Frame-accurate editing in the xsheet
What is Take5 used for?
Take5 animation software is used to produce
stop motion films with clay, plasticine, lego
figures and puppets. It is also great to make
cut-out, sand, oil paint and paper animations.
Take5 used to make oil paint animation
Who uses Take5?
Take5 is used in schools and animation workshops
as an educational tool and by animation studios
and professional animators as a production tool.
Home enthousiasts use Take5 to make their
favourite objects and figures come alive.
Take5 used in an animation workshop


Famous Filipino Architects And Their Works Pdf
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The magic that attends all beginnings, the pains that accompany all births - these are privileged memories that belong to our founding fathers. They were there when an emergent UAP burst into the light in, a news-born whose proud genealogy could be traced back to the Spanish era, the descendant of many transmutations of brilliants genes. Its parents were the best architects in this land who in their youthful energies conceived, nurtured and labored to give it birth. Lest we forget pure time, let us go back in time - to understand the proud origin of what we now casually call the UAP.
Filipino Architects And Their Works
Domeny internetowe: 1,2 mln Serwery wirtualne: tys. Sklepy internetowe: 7 tys. Manosa home - Modern tropical filipino style house. Photograph by Mitch Mauricio. This photographic print is digitally printed on archival photographic paper resulting in vivid, pure color and exceptional detail that is suitable for museum or gallery display. Item
The architecture of the Philippines Filipino : Arkitekturang Pilipino reflects the historical and cultural traditions in the country. Most prominent historic structures in the archipelago are influenced by Austronesian, Chinese, Spanish, and American architectures. During three hundred thirty years of Spanish colonialization, the Philippine architecture was dominated by the Spanish influences. The Augustinian friars, along with other religious orders, built many grand churches and cathedrals all over the Philippine Islands. These were large houses built of stone and wood combining Filipino, Spanish and Chinese style elements.
Most were initially constructed with bamboo and nipa, but the friars realized that to instill a sense of awe, as well as to caution against the terrible menace of fire and earthquake, more grandiose buildings had to be erected. I dared to make a list of 40 indisputably famous 21 st Century architects who have shaped the iconic and memorable buildings of our generation. The free version of PDF Architect already allows you to view, rotate, delete and rearrange pages as well as merge multiple documents. Flat or shallow-pitched roofs, large expanses of glass, strong connections to outdoor space, and spare, unornamented walls are characteristics of Modern house plans. In the period after the second world war many of the destroyed buildings were rebuilt. Architects Philippines has created two new websites.
Sign in. Don't have an account? We weren't able to detect the audio language on your flashcards. Please select the correct language below. Add to folder [? Find out how you can intelligently organize your Flashcards.
Here are the top spots in the Philippines that architecture enthusiasts shouldn't miss. Known for its financial institutions and upmarket hotels, the area is home to some impressive skyscrapers; but nothing quite compares to the glistening sky-rise that is the Zuellig. Notable for its environmentally conscious design and modern technologies, the meter high building has daylight dimming sensors, rainwater harvesting facilities and a double glazed low emission curtain wall.
6 Must-Visit Architecture Spots in the Philippines
First colonized by Spain, then Japan and finally America, Filipinos joke that they spent years in a convent, five in a prison camp, and 45 in Hollywood. Leandro Locsin was in some ways a quintessential Renaissance man. A brilliant architect, interior designer, artist, and classically trained pianist, Locsin was also a keen art collector, amassing a sizable collection of fine Chinese art and ceramics during his lifetime. It is for his buildings, however, that he is remembered. From airport terminals to memorial chapels, arts centers to stock exchange structures, Locsin left his mark on the urban landscape of the Philippines. Locsin was determined to reconfigure western architectural mores for a Filipino audience. The theatre harks back to traditional Filipino dwelling huts, but on a monumentally modern scale.
 1. Aubrey C. 03.05.2021 at 10:01
 ROXAS, FELIXDiliman (w/Mapua) UP Villamor Hall, Diliman UP Malcolm Hall (College of Law), Holiday Inn, Roxas Boulevard Philippine National Bank.
 2. Huette R. 04.05.2021 at 06:30
 Famous Filipino Architects and Their Works - Free download as Word Doc.doc /.docx), PDF File.pdf), Text File.txt) or read online for free.
 3. Absalom A. 09.05.2021 at 13:27
 Mary jones cambridge international a as level biology revision guide pdf amrutha spoken english in telugu pdf


Provide high-quality supports and protections to vulnerable Pennsylvanians
"I take our obligation to protect vulnerable populations in our commonwealth very seriously."
-Governor Tom Wolf
Why is this goal important?
Protecting Pennsylvania's most vulnerable residents and supporting them on a path toward healthy, self-sufficient lives is at the heart of the commonwealth's mission. The commonwealth is responsible for ensuring that vulnerable Pennsylvanians have access to high-quality services and supports – delivered efficiently – that enable them to live, work, and thrive in their communities.
What are we working on to reach this goal?
Governor Wolf has strengthened services for older Pennsylvanians, persons with disabilities, and individuals and families participating in the commonwealth's benefit programs. The executive order overhauling state services and systems intended to protect the most vulnerable Pennsylvanians, is yielding results with stronger compliance requirements for facilities providing services to vulnerable populations, greater awareness for identifying and supporting human trafficking victims, and progress toward a single system for child welfare case management. Shortly after entering office, Governor Wolf took action to save more than 180,000 seniors from losing their health plans. He has also signed legislation increasing income eligibility for prescription drug coverage, making the program available to an additional 17,000 older Pennsylvanians. The Community HealthChoices program continues to support older Pennsylvanians in securing high-quality health care close to home. Demonstrating his commitment to increasing home and community care options, Governor Wolf launched a Community Living Waiver to make services available to approximately 1,000 more individuals with an intellectual disability (ID) or autism. As part of his commitment to help people with disabilities find competitive jobs in the community, Governor Wolf announced the inaugural Employment First Oversight Commission annual report, outlining goals and recommendations for the commonwealth to continue prioritizing competitive integrated employment for Pennsylvanians with disabilities.
How are we doing?
Serving People in the Community
Related Measures
Protecting Vulnerable Children
Supporting Nutrition
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) helps Pennsylvanians buy food. By increasing their purchasing power in grocery stores and supermarkets, SNAP provides eligible low-income households with access to a nutritious diet. In Pennsylvania, SNAP serves roughly 1.8 million people, including children, older adults, and individuals with disabilities.
Related Content


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Where in the world are you?
The globe and maps at the orientation podium help visitors determine where the Manasquan Reservoir is. The information leads the visitor from Planet Earth right to the Reservoir's location in Monmouth County.
Window to the Past
Monmouth County's geologic history is revealed in a replica of a local stream. Erosion has exposed a cross-section of soil and the fossils trapped within it, some of which are 74 million years old. This area went through many physical changes as the sea level rose and fell several different times during the earth's past. Visitors can learn how fossils document these changes. This exhibit also includes a case of fossils that encourages closer inspection.
At home with the Muskrat family
Visitors explore the living arrangements of the muskrat as they crawl through a muskrat tunnel. They see the inside of a muskrat lodge and the nursery chamber of these unique creatures. Other animals with a similar need for water use many of the same materials to build their nests or homes. These wetland-nesting sites provide protection from many predators.
Brook Trout - State fish of NJ
Visit our brook trout as they grow from eggs to a size suitable for release into the nearby Manasquan River. Trout preset from October to late summer.
Our eagle cam is a great way to view the goings-on at our bald eagle family's nest.


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more interaction among team members than there is when following a traditional development model. In addition to using the informal chat-and-develop mode, the team held a 30 minute daily standup meeting, which gave team members a forum for asking questions and resolving problems, and weekly iterative review meetings to track the progress for each iterative cycle.
- Project development began without any formal design document. The specifications were in the form of user stories that were agreed upon by the team members. In the weekly iterative review meetings, team members planned how to complete these stories and how many iterations to assign for each story.
- Each story was broken down into several tasks. All of the stories and corresponding tasks were written down on small cards that served as the only source of design documentation for the application block.
- While developing each task or story, NUnit test suites were written to drive the development of features.
- No formal test plans were developed. The testing was primarily based on the tasks or stories for feature development. The development team got immediate feedback from the test team. Having the test team create the quick start samples gave the development team a perspective on the real-life usage of the application block.
- After the task or story passed all of the NUnit test cases and was complete, quick start samples were developed to showcase the functionality. The quick start samples demonstrated the usage of the application block and were useful for further testing the code in the traditional way (functional and integration tests). Any discrepancies found in this stage were reported immediately and were fixed on a case-by-case basis. The modified code was tested again with the automated test suites and then was handed over to be tested again with the quick start samples.


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Originally, mustard is not a plant but it is considered as a condiment. The mustard is like a savor, vinegar or zing, which is mostly used to provide taste to the food material. Several kind of mustard species are found in the nature. These mustard species are categorized in white mustard, black mustard, brown mustard. The shape of the seeds of the white mustard is round in shape. These mustard seeds are light brown and straw color. Before selling these kinds of mustards, the exterior skin, which is light in color, is removed from the mustard. The white mustard possesses the mild kind of flavor and contains the high level of preserving qualities. That makes the white mustards the first option for pickling.
The next type of the mustard like black mustard is a round shape stiff seed. It possesses the color, which gets varies from gloomy brown to black. As compare to the white mustard, the black mustard is smaller than white mustard. It is more spicy than the white type of mustard.
Both the black and brown variety of mustard is identical in size. The brown mustard possesses the color, which gets varies from glow to murky brown. The spiciness of the brown mustard is stronger than white mustard and it is less pungent than the black mustard. The seeds of the brown mustard do not contain any kind of fragrance. The taste of the brown mustard is spiky and sizzling. The plants that grow-up from their leaves are the member of the mustard family. Such plants include arugula, various kinds of Oriental greens and mustard greens.
The white color seeds of mustard are largely used for pickling zing and it is used in the flavor mixing while cooking the foods like meat and various kinds of seafood. The white mustard is used in Sauerkraut and marinades which adds sharp taste. Mostly in India, these mustard seeds are firstly fried in the ghee until that gets cracking, brown color. Therefore, that fried ness generates a mild type wacky taste to Indian recipes. Therefore, such kind of fried white mustard seeds are useful to embellish and flavor the traditional Indian recipes like pickles of various fruits like mangoes, chills and lime.
For cooking various types of curry powders and pastes, the crushing of brown mustard, seeds are crushed with other flavors. The special material like B. juncea is used for making the mustard oil for generating the spicy oil, which is largely used in the India like ghee. The powder of the mustard plays a role of the emulsifier for making covering of mayonnaise and salad.
The crushed powder of the mustard also plays the significant role for providing taste to the sauces of barbecue. It provides taste to the beans that are baked. We taste the spicy taste of the dishes of meat, eggs, which are deviled, succotash and beets only because of crushed mustard. It is believed that in the ancient history, for removing the oily, nasty smell of meat, the mustard seeds were chewed by the Romans. They chewed these seeds by crushing and mixing them with grape juice.


Supernatural Superheroes by Heather Trim
Supernatural Superheroes is booklet for kids and teens to learn practical information about God, His angels and how some became demons. Heather Trim does a superb job at bringing the truth about who the devil is and and the role he and demons play in the world today through demonization.
She presents Jesus' Escape Plan of deliverance and how to heal the wounded soul on a level young people can understand.
Topics this 60-page booklet FOR KIDS includes:
1. Who, What, Where Is God?
2. Introducing Angels
3. Introducing Evil
4. Effects of Evil
5. The Escape Plan
6. Prophetic Deliverance
7. Supernatural Healing Plan
8. Supernatural Superheroes
*Includes a list of Resources for Teens [and preteens] to learn about God and pursue healing. Resources are also listed on the Supernatural Superheroes homepage.)
**Currently the prerequisite reading for children attending the Family Deliverance Retreats through Bear Creek Ranch.
This 60-page booklet is available at the Bear Creek Ranch bookstore.
Supernatural Children Series:
Book 1: Are My Children Demonized?
Book 2: Supernatural Superheroes


Cut Out a Cross with One Straight Cut
cross you can cut from a piece of paper
How can you cut out a shape of a cross from a regular piece of paper with one, straight cut? Follow the steps below to find out.
 1. fold top corner to opposite sideFold the top corner down to the edge of the paper.
 2. fold other top corner downFold the top right corner down.
 3. fold in halfFold in half along a vertical line.
 4. fold in half againFold in half vertically again.
 5. cut along vertical lineCut along the vertical line.


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Completed access to information requests
Use the link below to find a searchable list of the access to information requests that the Government of Canada, including the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA), has processed. It is not a complete list. It does not include requests that focus on personal information or third-party proprietary information.
In line with the Official Languages Act, we cannot post the actual records disclosed, since they might not be in both official languages.
We will disclose the records in the form that they were released under the Access to Information Act, including format, language(s), and any exemptions or exclusions that were applied at the time of release.
If you would like to make an informal request for a copy of the records released in response to any of these requests, you can do so online using the tool available on the webpage above or by writing to us at the following address:
Access to Information and Privacy (ATIP) Coordinator
Canada Revenue Agency
555 MacKenzie Avenue, 5th Floor
Ottawa ON K1A 0L5
You can also send your request by fax to _PHONE_.
Include your contact information (full name, mailing address, and telephone number) and the file number(s) requested. If you have questions about this process, call our office at _PHONE_ or at _PHONE_.
For details on ways to access information at the CRA, go to Access to information and privacy at the Canada Revenue Agency.
Status of completed request (definitions of dispositions)
These definitions briefly explain the disposition of completed requests:
- No records exist: The request provided enough information to identify the specific information sought but no relevant records were found.
- All disclosed: All the records relevant to the request were disclosed to the requestor (that is, without any exemptions or exclusions).
- Disclosed in part: Only part of the information requested was disclosed because the rest was exempt or excluded or both.
- All exempted: No information was disclosed because all of the information requested qualified for exemption.
- All excluded: No information was disclosed because all of the information requested qualified for exclusion under section 68, 68.1, 68.2, 69, or 69.1 of the Access to Information Act.
- Date modified:


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End of a Journey
Without wanting to sound too deep and profound, your time at school is like a journey, and one which you are likely to be nearing the end of. Because of this, we find that the 'journey' theme works really well. They help the yearbook tell a story.
Here are some tips to put this look together
The First Page
If you are going for this theme, you are going to want to make the concept really clear from the very first page:
- A Road. As Boyz II Men once sung 'we have come to the end of the road', featuring a picture of a road, possibly the road leading to your school, on the first page makes it clear that you are going for a journey theme.
- Travel Itinerary: You could use a travel itinerary in two ways, firstly as a 'contents page', or alternatively as an itinerary for the future, with 'go to uni' and 'get a job' on the list.
- Passport to the Future: There are very, very, few places in which the image of a passport wouldn't immediately make people think of journeys. If you have some design experience you could edit an image of a passport to say something like 'Passport to a life after school'. You could be really clever and make the front page look like a passport and the first page could become the inside page of a passport, detailing the 'rules' and purpose of the passport yearbook.
Other design ideas
There are loads of things that you could use to symbolise a journey, here are a few that we think work really well:
- Maps, use maps as backgrounds, or as part of a collage with other photographs. Maps of your school surroundings, or places you visited on a trip would be a really great idea. Use pins and string graphics to show the different places you've visited.
- Stamps, postal or travel stamps make great elements in a journey themed yearbook. They can be used as a feature or just to fill up some unwanted empty space.
- Photos, use plenty of photos from school trips in your journey themed yearbook. It looks awesome when you make them look like Polaroid photos with a note underneath with the date and really brief description.
- Travel Tags, you know the things, the tags you put on your luggage when you go abroad. They don't have to be a central part of the design but can be useful for annotating or labelling pictures.
- Postcard, using postcards for your student and teacher pages can be a really effective way of including a photo and a comment. It also provides a clear guideline for how long the comments can be.
- Plane Tickets, Using plane tickets in your design looks great, they can be used to convey all sorts of information or simply as a decorative graphic.
Bonus Yearbook Idea:
You know when you walk into arrivals at an airport, there are always a group of people with signs that have someone's name on them.
You could include pages with pictures of your year group from year seven in 'arrivals'. Your tutors could be holding signs with your tutor group on them. Sign's are a great design idea that you could easily feature in this theme.


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News Release: Research
Dec. 21, 2009
Care Management Improves Physical Health of Patients with Mental Illness
Connecting mental health patients with care managers responsible for coordinating their health care significantly improves their overall health and wellbeing, according to a study by Emory University public health researchers.
The study, the first of its kind, tested a population-based medical care management intervention aimed at improving medical care in community mental health settings. Recent studies show that people with severe mental illness die 25 years younger than the general population largely due to medical causes such as heart attacks.
"There is a growing concern about the epidemic of premature morbidity and mortality among persons with serious mental illnesses," says lead study author Benjamin Druss, MD, MPH, professor of health policy and management and the Rosalynn Carter Chair in Mental Health at Emory's Rollins School of Public Health. "This model provides one of the first evidence-based approaches for addressing that problem by helping patients access high-quality medical care."
A total of 407 people with severe mental illness at an urban community mental health center were randomly assigned to either the medical care management intervention or usual care. The patients were all ages 18 and older, considered economically disadvantaged, and experienced serious and persistent mental illness.
For individuals in the intervention group, care managers provided communication and advocacy with medical providers, health education and support in overcoming system-level fragmentation and barriers to primary medical care. Patients in the usual care group were given a list with contact information for local primary care medical clinics and were permitted to obtain any type of medical care or other medical services without the assistance of a care manager.
At a 12-month follow-up evaluation, researchers found that medical care management was associated with significant improvements in the quality and outcomes of primary care. The intervention group received an average of 58.7 percent of recommended preventive services compared with a rate of 21.8 percent in the usual care group.
In addition, patients in the intervention group received a significantly higher proportion of evidence-based services for cardiometabolic conditions (34.9 percent versus 27.7 percent) and were more likely to have a primary care provider (71.2 percent versus 51.9 percent). The group showed significant improvement in mental health functioning, and at one-year follow-up, had a substantially lower risk for heart disease than those in the usual care group.
These findings suggest that care management is a promising approach for improving quality and outcomes of medical care for patients with serious mental illnesses, says Druss.
The study titled, "A randomized trial of medical care management for community mental health settings: The Primary Care Access, Referral, and Evaluation (PCARE) study," was published in the Dec. 15 online edition of The American Journal of Psychiatry. It was funded by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health.
In addition to Druss, study authors were: Silke Von Esenwein, PhD, director of research projects, Kimberly Rask, MD, PhD, associate professor of health policy and management, and Liping Zhao, MSPH, senior biostatistician, of the Rollins School of Public Health; and Michael Compton, MD, MPH, assistant professor of psychiatry and Ruth Parker, MD, professor of medicine, of the Emory School of Medicine.


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Spring has sprung! This is the season of rebirth and reinvention. While some organizations are beginning their new fiscal year, others may be reviewing their Q1 performance or gearing up to start their budget process. Regardless of what category your hospital or health system falls into, it is essential to remember the impact productivity has on sustained improvement and continued fiscal strength. Like so many things, productivity should follow a traditional "life cycle" and be a routine focus of operational and management strategies year-over-year. Here are some ways to kick-start the productivity life cycle in your organization:
- Refresh Targets and Benchmarks – Healthcare is a highly dynamic industry. Pandemic aside, care delivery models, billing/reimbursement practices, and compliance requirements are perpetually changing. To keep your workforce optimization and performance improvement strategies effective, it is essential that productivity goals and comparisons be updated annually. This will ensure that any and all changes to operations have been properly accounted for and new industry or service-line standards are being used to shape staffing practices based on patient demand.
- Reinvigorate Staff – Communication and accountability are the key to positive results from any improvement initiative. No one knows an organization and its operations better than the employees. Engage them! Include department leaders in regular strategy sessions surrounding productivity efforts and related goals. Reiterate that productivity is not a one-time solution, but an ongoing tool for effective management. By continuously educating staff on how to be better stewards of their resources, reaffirming their buy-in on the process, and frequently recognizing their contributions, lasting efficiencies are gained.
- Revitalize Your Bottom Line – With personnel expense comprising more than half of most hospital's operating costs, maintaining proper staff/volume alignment is often the easiest way to see black. Carrying out this strategy does, however, come with its own set of challenges. The best approach is to start small. Set realistic and achievable goals, sending your organization on a journey to improved performance over a 12 to 18-month period. Provide leaders with the tools necessary to track performance and realize success. Once initial goals have been achieved, reevaluate workflow and performance, eliminate waste, and identify means for continued improvement. The cost-savings generated can then be reinvested back into the staff and the organization before beginning the process again.
Productivity should be viewed as a "living" solution to sustained performance improvement. It needs to be nurtured and given proper attention to produce the desired results. By instilling a productivity "life cycle" in your organization, you establish a means for these principles to take root and bear "fruit" year after year.
Let the ALTIUS team guide your hospital or health system in the development of an effective productivity process that can be repeated annually! Reach out to us directly here to learn more.


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Tuesday 18 June
Grey matplant (Tiquilia nesiotica)
Grey matplant fact file
- Find out more
- Print factsheet
Grey matplant description
Growing in sparsely distributed clumps, Tiquilia nesiotica is one of the few plants that can tolerate the arid, ash-covered volcano slopes of the Galapagos (2). This species is a low-growing, small shrub, which spreads itself along the ground, forming a mat-like structure. Tiny, light-coloured hairs found on the stems and leaves reflect sunlight, giving this species a grey, rather than green, appearance (3). The base of Tiquilia nesiotica is woody (4), and clusters of small leaves grow from the ends and joints of the twigs, with tiny white flowers hidden amongst them (2).Top
Grey matplant biology
In order to survive in its harsh environment, Tiquilia nesiotica has evolved various strategies. Competition for water forces the individual plants to grow widely spaced apart, spreading their roots horizontally beneath the surface to maximise the uptake of any available moisture. Like many plants in arid regions, the small leaves and grey appearance of Tiquilia nesiotica are adaptations to reduce the amount of heat the plant receives, preventing damage to its photosynthetic tissue and reducing moisture loss (3). As one of the few plants able to colonise the barren volcanic slopes of the Galapagos, Tiquilia nesiotica plays an important ecological role, as its roots stabilise the loose, ashy soil (5), its flowers provide food for lava lizards, and its pollen and nectar are a source of nutrition for insects (2).Top
Grey matplant rangeTop
Grey matplant habitat
Tiquilia nesiotica occupies the arid zone of the Galapagos, an inland area that stays extremely dry for most of the year, where it mainly grows on the ash-covered slopes of volcanoes (2).Top
Grey matplant status
Classified as Vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List (1).Top
Grey matplant threats
With its restricted range, and populations clustered around the slopes of a small number of volcanoes, it is possible that, in the future, the effects of human activities or unforeseeable natural events could rapidly cause Tiquilia nesiotica to become Critically Endangered or even Extinct (1). One obvious human-induced threat to this species is people climbing the scenic volcanoes that it grows upon, causing disturbance to the loose substrate and thereby destroying the plants (6).Top
Grey matplant conservation
The Galapagos National Institute (INGALA) employs a number of measures to reduce the impact of tourists on the Galapagos' environment. Regulations for tourist conduct are well enforced and trails and walkways are provided to prevent degradation and destruction of the local wildlife (7). Nevertheless, threats to the Galapagos such as introduced species and increased demand for resources are ongoing, and continuous conservation action is required in order to preserve the islands' unique environment (8).Top
Find out more
To learn more about conservation in the Galapagos visit:
- The Galapagos Conservation Trust:
AuthenticationThis information is awaiting authentication by a species expert, and will be updated as soon as possible. If you are able to help please contact: _EMAIL_
- A species or taxonomic group that is only found in one particular country or geographic area.
- Plant tissue capable of photosynthesis, a metabolic process in which carbon dioxide is broken down, using energy from sunlight absorbed by the green pigment chlorophyll. Organic compounds are made and oxygen is given off as a by-product.
- IUCN Red List (April, 2008)
- Jackson, M.H. (2001) Galapagos: A Natural History. University of Calgary Press, Calgary.
- Williams, E.H. (2005) The Nature Handbook: A Guide to Observing the Great Outdoors. Oxford University Press US, New York.
- Horwell, D. and Oxford, P. (1999) Galapagos Wildlife: A Visitor's Guide. Bradt Travel Guides, Chalfont St. Peter.
- Stephenson, M. (2000) The Galapagos Islands: The Essential Handbook for Exploring, Enjoying & Understanding Darwin's Enchanted Islands. The Mountaineers Books, Washington.
- Kricher, J.C. (2006) Galapagos: A Natural History. Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
- The Galapagos National Institute (October, 2008)
- The Galapagos Conservation Trust (October, 2008)
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Terror of the Spanish Main: Sir Henry Morgan and his buccaneers
Front Cover
Dutton Children's Books, 1999 - Juvenile Nonfiction - 240 pages
3 Reviews
Henry Morgan, who was born in Wales in 1635 and died in Port Royal, Jamaica, in 1688, was an unusual sort of leader. Inspiring the respect and admiration of his fellows, he led them to undertake daring raids on Spain?s possessions in the New World; yet he commanded neither an army nor a navy. Nor was he a political ruler, although his exploits affected the power politics of Europe and earned him a knighthood. In plain language, Henry Morgan was a leader of thieves, a?prince? among a group of outcasts, desperadoes, and failed gentlemen known as buccaneers.Though movies and novels have romanticized them, the buccaneers were in fact a ruthless group who got their way by brutal means. Their motives were pure self-interest, yet they operated with the permission of certain European nations in order to break the Spanish monopoly in the West Indies. Vividly outlining the political and economic circumstances that allowed the buccaneers to flourish, and freshly evoking both life at sea and life in the colonies in the seventeenth century, Albert Marrin shows how Henry Morgan was a particular response to forces that are still with us. War, poverty, greed, bigotry, and oppression play themselves out, albeit differently, in our lives today.Albert Marrin is the chairman of the history department at Yeshiva University, and he has written many award-winning nonfiction books for young adults, including Commander in Chief: Abraham Lincoln and the Civil War (Dutton).
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Review: Terror of the Spanish Main: Sir Henry Morgan and His Buccaneers
User Review - Goodreads
This book tells a story of a man who lived a pirates life with England's blessing. The adventures of Henry Morgan are interesting and learning about the way life was back in the 1600's was also very...
User Review - Goodreads
Great description of the pirate's life and the times they lived in. Included the politics of the day without boredom. Made for a little younger readers but I still enjoyed it greatly. Vivid depictions throughout.
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About the author (1999)
Albert Marrin is the author of over two dozen awardwinning nonfiction books for young people. He lives with his wife, Yvette, in Riverdale, New York.
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John Moses Browning
gunsmith, inventor
Born: 1/21/1855
Birthplace: Ogden, Utah
Raised by Mormon parents, he made his first gun from scrap iron at age 13. He founded the Browning Brothers Company, which was responsible for several innovations in firearms, including the breech-loading single-shot rifle (1879) and the Browning automatic pistol (1911). The company's history is entwined with that of World War I: the pistol used to assassinate Archduke Ferdinand in 1914 and thus begin the War was a Browning, and the Browning machine gun (1917) and the Browning automatic rifle (1918) figured prominently in the War.
Died: 11/26/1926
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I've been trying to revise the structural design of the C#.NET-based system I'm currently working on. Sorry, this came rather lengthy, but I cannot describe it shorter - it's a bit complex.
The system has two primary functions:
1)Retrieve rows from an SQL disk-based database, then serve them up using [DataContract]-marked objects via ASP to a web-based client, as well as receive UPDATEs to those and reroute them to the database.
2)Read off and serve the same kinds of objects to server-side / distributed modules which work with these, generate some result, and push it back to the database.
The results (some might ask: "why're you storing generated data?") of module computation do have to be stored in the database due to both size and length of computation required to obtain them, only to be retrieved in parts by the web-client through the (1) function.
Currently, all row-representing objects are defined as separate C# classes with a common trend but little to no inheritance, and no common base class. I want to completely break this pattern, and instigate more extensive inheritance based on a tree of abstract classes and possibly interfaces.
I've whipped up a "due-for-test" implementation in the past few days, but I'm concerned about the sanity of this design. Obviously, there is the object-relational impedance mismatch, which I deal with by only initializing the database-column-backed fields unless the other encapsulated objects are provided to the constructor. I'm not so concerned about that, and it's an issue for the old system design as well.
Here's what I have so far:
A DatabaseColumnAttribute class, which targets fields, and defines
 - name of the column where the data for the field resides.
 - database type (enum-backed locally) for this column. There's a fixed set of database types this system is designed to support, so be it.
 - whether or not the column is nullable.
 - read phrase(i.e. how do we represent this column in a SELECT query within an sql statement): this is generated automatically based on column type. There's a fixed number of types the data can be accessed in, so if there's a conversion involved when reading data from a column this will include it. Otherwise, just the column name.
 - write wrapper (i.e. database function that converts the data sent into the column from C# to the appropriate representation) - also generated based on column type.
All this is used within a DatabaseFieldColumnWrapper object, which contains all the methods required to transfer the data from the column to the field or vice-verse.
The DatabaseFieldColumnWrapper is constructed for each location in the code where a DatabaseColumnAttribute is used, meaning it's not quite "static", but rather class-based, since it modifies fields of derived classes. The fields can back properties, there's a BackedByFieldAttribute class as well, I'll skip it for brevity.
All of these are used within an abstract DataElement class, root of hierarchy. It defines the following abstract members: function that provides the backing-table's name for this class of objects, a read-only public Id property, a private function to set the Id (which corresponds to the primary key of the row in the table).
It also provides a protected static helper function to retrieve the DatabaseFieldColumnWrapper objects for specific fields based on Linq Expressions (to avoid "magic strings"). This can be used in derived types to easily synch the database representation for specific fields/columns.
It provides a Delete() method, which is (not a destructor, but a function) responsible for only deleting the database representation. The whole system is designed to allow asynchrony and multiple memory representations unless otherwise specified.
Here is the "less sane" part:
There is a DataElementAttribute class, which is designed to modify non-abstract derived types. It is not fully constructed completely right away where it's defined, instead filled-in in a thread-safe manner upon the construction of the first object of a derived type. It not inherited, and contains only data specific to the derived class required to speed up construction (i.e. construct all the necessary DatabaseFieldColumnWrapper objects before-hand and associate them with the fields).
This basically violates the C# OO model, since it's "static only with respect to current class in the hierarchy", not static to the whole chain. Basically, it makes the DataElmentAttribute object associate with a particular Type object. Each instance has a reference to it.
I don't know how to circumvent this issue, it seems to be best in terms of "code reuse", but it also seems like I'm violating a lot of things I shouldn't be when I do it. Any ideas, sugguestions?
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closed as off topic by Chris Lively, Ryan, Book Of Zeus, casperOne Feb 16 '12 at 23:02
You might do better with a more specific question rather than just "I think I'm doing something wrong." SO is specifically for Q&A type questions and this seems more like an extended discussion. – cadrell0 Feb 15 '12 at 19:22
are you sure you can't leverage an existing c# orm like linq to sql or entity framwork, or even data sets, to form a sane design basis? – Aaron Anodide Feb 15 '12 at 19:23
Okay, here's a more "question form"-type: how do I mimic class-based, although non-inherited (therefore not static), data [which I can use within the objects themselves] with C# OO model? I'm not looking for a "you don't" kind of answer here. – Greg Kramida Feb 15 '12 at 19:26
Along with cadrell0's remark, this belongs on programmers.se – Chris Lively Feb 15 '12 at 19:27
Alright, thanks, will try there. – Greg Kramida Feb 15 '12 at 19:29


NAME Text::Hunspell::FFI - Perl FFI interface to the Hunspell library VERSION version 0.04 SYNOPSIS use Text::Hunspell::FFI; # You can use relative or absolute paths. my $speller = Text::Hunspell::FFI->new( "/usr/share/hunspell/en_US.aff", # Hunspell affix file "/usr/share/hunspell/en_US.dic" # Hunspell dictionary file ); die unless $speller; # Check a word against the dictionary my $word = 'opera'; print $speller->check($word)? "'$word' found in the dictionary\n" : "'$word' not found in the dictionary!\n"; # Spell check suggestions my $misspelled = 'programmng'; my _USER_ = $speller->suggest($misspelled); print "\n", "You typed '$misspelled'. Did you mean?\n"; for (_USER_) { print " - $_\n"; } # Add dictionaries later $speller->add_dic('dictionary_file.dic'); DESCRIPTION NOTE: This module is a reimplementation of Text::Hunspell using FFI::Platypus instead of XS. The documentation has largely be cribbed from that module. The main advantage to this module is that it does not require a compiler. The man disadvantage is that it is experimental and may break. This module provides a Perl interface to the Hunspell library. This module is to meet the need of looking up many words, one at a time, in a single session, such as spell-checking a document in memory. The example code describes the interface on METHODS The following methods are available: new my $spell = Text::Hunspell::FFI->new($full_path_to_affix, $full_path_to_dic); Creates a new speller object. Parameters are: full path of affix (.aff) file full path of dictionary (.dic) file Returns undef if the object could not be created, which is unlikely. add_dic $spell->add_dic($path_to_dic); Adds a new dictionary to the current Text::Hunspell::FFI object. This dictionary will use the same affix file as the original dictionary, so this is like using a personal word list in a given language. To check spellings in several different languages, use multiple Text::Hunspell::FFI objects. check my $bool = $spell->check($word); Check the word. Returns 1 if the word is found, 0 otherwise. suggest my _USER_ = $spell->suggest($misspelled_word); Returns the list of suggestions for the misspelled word. The following methods are used for morphological analysis, which is looking at the structure of words; parts of speech, inflectional suffixes and so on. However, most of the dictionaries that Hunspell can use are missing this information and only contain affix flags which allow, for example, 'cat' to turn into 'cats' but not 'catability'. (Users of the French and Hungarian dictionaries will find that they have more information available.) analyze my _USER_ = $spell->analyze($word); Returns the analysis list for the word. This will be a list of strings that contain a stem word and the morphological information about the changes that have taken place from the stem. This will most likely be 'fl:X' strings that indicate that affix flag 'X' was applied to the stem. Words may have more than one stem, and each one will be returned as a different item in the list. However, with a French dictionary loaded, analyze('chanson') will return st:chanson po:nom is:fem is:sg to tell you that "chanson" is a feminine singular noun, and analyze('chansons') will return st:chanson po:nom is:fem is:pl to tell you that you've analyzed the plural of the same noun. stem my _USER_ = $spell->stem($word); Returns the stem list for the word. This is a simpler version of the results from analyze(). generate2 my _USER_ = $spell->generate2($stem, \_USER_) Returns a morphologically modified stem as defined in _USER_ (got by analysis). With a French dictionary: $feminine_form = 'chanteuse'; _USER_ = $speller->analyze($feminine_form); $ana[0] =~ s/is:fem/is:mas/; print $speller->generate2($feminine_form, \_USER_) will print 'chanteur'. generate my _USER_ = generate($stem, $word) Returns morphologically modified stem like $word. $french_speller->generate('danseuse', 'chanteur'); tells us that the masculine form of 'danseuse' is 'danseur'. SEE ALSO Text::Hunspell FFI::Platypus CAVEATS Please see: For the dictionaries: for Hungarian dictionary AUTHOR Graham Ollis COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE This software is copyright (c) 2015-2021 by Graham Ollis. This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.


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A new research paper by Aan Fleur Terrens et al reports about the positive effects of Aquatic Therapy on the perceived Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in patients suffering from Parkinson's disease. The researchers are very careful in their conclusions, pointing out that depending on the progression of the disease, the logistics to get to a pool and getting (un-) dressed can be experienced as quite a hassle. That said, still the participants reported positive feedback about their HRQoL to the researchers.
Update (April 2021):
Another recent publication (Carroll (2020)) about the same topic confirmed conclusions, but also added that optimal components of aquatic therapy identified were access to individually tailored aquatic programs, completed as a minimum once a week, at a moderate to high-intensity level, and guided by a credentialed instructor. Participants identified a strong need for education and increased awareness about aquatic therapy benefits to promote greater engagement.
Aquatic therapy is a popular exercise choice for people with Parkinson's disease, especially in the early to middle disease stages. Considering the views of people living with Parkinson's disease can aid the design and implementation of interventions and future aquatic research internationally.
Implications for Rehabilitation
- Aquatic therapy is emerging as an effective physiotherapy approach for managing motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease.
- Little is known regarding community-based aquatic therapy programs from the perspectives of people living with Parkinson's disease internationally.
- People with Parkinson's disease may benefit from timely information about the unique benefits, prerequisites, and local aquatic therapy facilities to promote greater uptake of aquatic programs.
- Tailored aquatic therapy interventions delivered within a group setting by a credentialed healthcare professional may increase long-term adherence.


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SharpSpring enables you to upload and store images and attachments in an inclusive file manager. This article will detail how to upload images and attachments.
The following user roles have access to upload images and attachments:
- Marketing Managers
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Attachments can be a great supplement to an email. However, they should only be a supplement. Large attachments can intimidate potential leads, so send one or two small attachments. However, you should never send an email with just an attachment and no content in the body. Those emails will most likely enter the recipient's spam folder.
SharpSpring allows you to upload several different file types as attachments. SharpSpring supports the following file types:
The safest file types to send are.GIF,.JPG,.PDF, and.PNG. While SharpSpring supports their attachment,.ZIP files should never be included as attachments in an email.
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A systematic review of prevalence and risk factors associated with playing related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) in pianists.
MetadataShow full item record
Background Playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) are a recognized problem amongst instrumental musicians. Although pianists are prominent in data regarding prevalence of PRMDs, there is poor understanding of piano-specific risk factors associated with PRMDs. Aim To synthesize published literature on the prevalence of and risk factors associated with PRMDs in pianists. Methods Thirty-eight databases were searched. Eligible studies were those investigating prevalence of or risk factors associated with PRMDs in pianists, using an appropriate methodology according to a hierarchy of evidence. Information regarding study population, operational definition of PRMD, risk factors investigated, statistical tests used and outcomes was extracted and narratively synthesized for all eligible papers above an arbitrarily chosen quality score. Results The literature search identified 482 citations. Fifty-two papers were ranked in a hierarchy of evidence; 12 were eligible for evaluation using a quality assessment tool. Common methodological limitations included sampling/measurement biases, inadequate reporting of reliability/validity of outcome measures, lack of operational definition of PRMD and no statistical significance testing. Prevalence rates for PRMDs in pianists varied widely (26–93%). Four authors demonstrated statistically significant risk factors; however, no authors combined a clear operational definition of PRMD with statistically established risk factors. There was no consensus between authors regarding risk factors. Conclusions Current evidence does not provide sufficient information regarding prevalence of and risk factors associated with PRMDs in pianists. Future studies should provide an operational definition of PRMD, use valid, reliable measurement tools, utilize a prospective cohort study design and perform appropriate statistical tests.
PRE2009-Health Information Systems (incl. Surveillance)


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Posted September 1, 2006 ATLANTA
Communications & Marketing
Contact Lisa Grovenstein
Johnson part of team designing and building prototypes for better sanitation
When given a choice this summer between helping out with designs for environmentally friendly luxury condos less than a mile away from campus and designing and building solar latrines to improve sanitation in Bolivia, Georgia Tech All-American wide receiver Calvin Johnson chose the latrine project without hesitation.
"Are you sure?" said Kevin Caravati, a student project advisor and senior research scientist at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI). "The other project is right down the street."
Johnson's response was brief and to the point. "I want to help the less fortunate," he answered.
Four billion people globally suffer from chronic waterborne disease, and an estimated 13 million children die annually of diarrhea - conditions linked to a lack of adequate sanitation. In a developing country with extreme conditions like Bolivia, poor sanitation poses a serious health risk, contaminating the limited water supply and attracting disease-carrying insects.
"You realize how fortunate you are when you see that people around the world don't have clean water and sanitation," Johnson said.
Emory University's Center for Global Safe Water approached Georgia Tech's School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and GTRI to help remove a significant sanitation roadblock faced by developing countries - the design and cost flaws of current United Nations latrines.
"We wanted help with the project, but it was tough to find students enthusiastic about latrines," Caravati said. "Calvin was our first volunteer. He wanted to have a hands-on experience to build a prototype that had the potential to have a huge global impact on people."
Johnson immediately began work on designs for an inexpensive dry latrine system that uses the sun's rays to safely transform bacteria-laden waste into fertilizer.
He was then joined by his project partner Brad Davis, a building construction student at Georgia Tech, and the two hammered out a final design with Caravati. The goal was to create an improved solar latrine out of the most affordable and available materials. The interior needed to be heated at a minimum of 120 degrees Fahrenheit to kill pathogens, and the design and materials had to be as simple and cost effective as possible.
"We focused on designing the most inexpensive and durable model, taking into account what materials would be readily available in those nations. This gave Calvin and me the ability to think outside of the box and use everyday materials in our design," Davis said.
The team made two prototypes from a hodgepodge of household items, including a bicycle tube to insulate the waste and retain heat, a bleach bottle, plexi-glass, scrap wood and tin foil. The central idea was to 'bake' the waste with an oven-like design that could reach temperatures of more than 150 degrees Fahrenheit while still keeping the inhabited area cool enough for users.
Johnson, Davis and Caravati were able to build two very effective prototypes that would cost only $78 per unit, compared to $120 for existing models used. They were also able to reach sustained temperatures of over 150 degrees while still keeping the inhabited area cool enough for users.
With the initial prototypes completed, Johnson and the rest of the Georgia Tech project team plan to travel in January to a remote area of Bolivia's Andes Mountains to build several of the new latrines and instruct locals on how to build their own.
"I'm looking forward to making the trip to Bolivia after the season," Johnson said.