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Full Title: Endless Ocean Endless Sky Set Design
Location: Portland, OR
Description: This project was commissioned by emerging choreographer Tahni Holt for her performance Endless Ocean Endless Sky. The set was designed in response to several design criteria relating to both the evocation of the choreographic aesthetic and the limits of financial and logistical constraints. From the very beginning of the design phase, we were interested in creating a minimal set that could be built and transported easily that was also able to create an evocative and mutable space for both the performers and audience. Relying heavily on the work of Ant Farm and their inflatable constructions in the 1970's, a small 20′x40′ space was made using standard polyethylene. Additional seams and creases were welded into the plastic in order to avoid the typical balloon aesthetic of inflatables. Rather, there was a desire for the installation to be able to evoke both things that were simultaneously heavy and light (massive icebergs floating in the sea, 747's flying through the sky, etc.). A generative algorithm was developed that would allow a fragmented pattern of creases to emerge on the surface without having to laboriously transcribe a predefined pattern on to the surface.
Credits: Andrew Kudless with help from Ronnie Parsons and Chris Walker.
One Response to "EOES"


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Polygonal Fractures on Tycho Ejecta Deposits
December 7, 2012
Tycho is a young and prominent rayed crater on the lunar nearside. During the impact that formed Tycho crater a large mass of impact melt was thrown out on its north side that resulted in a series of beautiful flow patterns. The melt ponded in several topographic lows, and as they cooled their upper crusts fractured, often in polygonal patterns. Today's featured image shows a set of crisply preserved polygonal fractures. Small chains of pit chains are also seen in conjunction with the fractures. Are these pits nascent fractures that never fully developed? Or perhaps partially collapsed tubes that melt flowed through? If the latter, might there be open passages that astronauts could venture into and explore? LROC WAC 100m/pixel mosaic around Tycho crater over-lain by WAC color coded DTM 500m/pixel (DLR, Germany). Image center is 43.3°S latitude, 348.6°W longitude. Blue box and yellow star indicate the locations of today's full Featured Image [NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University].

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Only one week remains before TIGER TIGER is released to the world. You can pre-purchase your copy now directly from the Samhain website!
In the process of writing it, we learned a lot about writing, editing, and life in general. Here are our five favorite things we learned:
1. Writing a novel is like anything else that requires a lot of sustained effort over time (weight loss, marathon running, etc.). Learn how to put small, consistent work in on the project so that you don't burn out, but that you keep the momentum going.
2. Editing can be tough. Allow yourself the time to do it, and use tools like 30 On/30 Off to make it doable.
3. Collect a master document of things to look for in edits. If you make consistent errors with something (spelling manger instead of manager, etc.) then put that in your document so you know to look for it during edits, and you don't have to be paranoid about it during the writing stage.
4. Remember that it's play. Relax and enjoy the project and keep foremost in your mind that you're doing this because you love the characters and the story.
5. Trust your Inner Storyteller. Trust that the Story should be told and give yourself enough time to get the whole thing out onto the page.
Check out TIGER TIGER today!


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Academic Research Center (ARC)
The Academic Research Center (ARC) is a comprehensive facility offering assistance in research projects, access to online research materials, tutoring in advanced subjects, and tutoring for all levels of Mathematics. It is a place where questions have answers, even if that answer is "Let's find out." Staff are available to answer questions about research, student-available technology (wireless access), and to provide student technical support. Additionally, various faculty members hold a portion of their office hours in the ARC and are available to assist student with questions. The ARC's mission is to provide a setting for inquiry and intellectual pursuit.


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Definition of anaemia
a. - A morbid condition in which the blood is deficient in quality or in quantity. 2
The word "anaemia" uses 7 letters: A A A E I M N.
No direct anagrams for anaemia found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after anaemia (in bold), or to aaaeimn in any order:
s - anaemias
Shorter words found within anaemia:
aa ae ai aim ain am ama amain amen ami amia amie amin amine amnia an ana ane anemia ani anima anime em en in ma mae main man mana mane mania me mean men mi mien mina minae mine na nae nam name ne nema nim
List shorter words within anaemia, sorted by length
All words formed from anaemia by changing one letter
Browse words starting with anaemia by next letter


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THE TIMES AUDIOBOOK OF THE YEAR
'The finest book ever written on nature and landscape in Britain' Guardian
In this masterpiece of nature writing, beautifully narrated by Oscar-winning actor Tilda Swinton, Nan Shepherd describes her journeys into the Cairngorm mountains of Scotland. There she encounters a world that can be breathtakingly beautiful at times and shockingly harsh at others. Her intense, poetic prose explores and records the rocks, rivers, creatures and hidden aspects of this remarkable landscape.
Shepherd spent a lifetime in search of the 'essential nature' of the Cairngorms; her quest led her to write this classic meditation on the magnificence of mountains, and on our imaginative relationship with the wild world around us. Composed during the Second World War, the manuscript of The Living Mountain lay untouched for more than thirty years before it was finally published.


Interacting with Emotional Clients: The Importance of Empathy in Private Investigation
By PInow Staff
PInow Facebook
Sometimes, the cases you take on as a private investigator are emotionally intense for those involved. It is likely that private investigators will often interact with distraught clients. While it is not one of the most glamorous parts of the job, how you interact with these distressed clients is an important part of your role as a private investigator. Below are a couple of reasons why treating your emotional clients with empathy is important and some tips to help you maintain compassion as you interact with your clients.
Why it's Important
The dictionary definition of empathy is "the ability to understand and share the feelings of another." While you may not have experienced what your client is going through, taking the time to understand their perspective is not only respectful as a human being but also an important part of running your business effectively. Clients are more likely to return in the future when they feel the investigator handled their case with the utmost care and integrity. They are also more likely to divulge sensitive information that helps the case if they feel you are trustworthy. Handling cases with empathy can also be good for you, as an investigator. You will be …read more
Source:: Private Invest


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Charles Benedict DavenportArticle Free Pass
Charles Benedict Davenport, (born June 1, 1866, Stamford, Conn., U.S.—died Feb. 18, 1944, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.), American zoologist who contributed substantially to the study of eugenics (the improvement of populations through breeding) and heredity and who pioneered the use of statistical techniques in biological research.
After receiving a doctorate in zoology at Harvard University in 1892, Davenport taught there until 1899, when he left to join the faculty of the University of Chicago, where, from 1901 to 1904, he was curator of the zoological museum. He directed the department of genetics (1904–34) for the Station for Experimental Evolution at Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., and also founded and directed the Eugenics Record Office (1910–34).
While teaching experimental morphology at Harvard, he used statistical methods in population studies. Partly as a result of breeding experiments with chickens and canaries, he was one of the first, soon after 1902, to recognize the validity of the newly discovered Mendelian theory of heredity. In Heredity in Relation to Eugenics (1911), he compiled evidence concerning the inheritance of human traits, on the basis of which he argued that the application of genetic principles would improve the human race.
Davenport was editor of Genetics (from 1916) and the Journal of Physical Anthropology (from 1918). Davenport's other important works include Statistical Methods with Special Reference to Biological Variation (1899), Eugenics (1910), and Body Build and Its Inheritance (1923).
What made you want to look up "Charles Benedict Davenport"? Please share what surprised you most...

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Physiological activity in an attribute learning task.
J.H. de Swart, E.A. Das-Smaal
Research output: Contribution to JournalArticleAcademicpeer-review
85 Downloads (Pure)
The relationship between the amount of information processing in an Attribute Learning task and autonomic activity, measured by skin conductance response (SCR), was investigated. The amount of information processing was manipulated by type of concept and feedback. Furthermore, the influence of practice and verbalization was studied. Three types of concepts were used: conjunction, exclusion and joint denial. The stimulus population consisted of four three-valued dimensions. The results showed that (1) SCR did not differ among concepts; (2) SCR varied with type of feedback, it being smallest at blanks and largest at infirming feedback; (3) SC'R was related to the number of confirmations preceding infirmation; (4) subjects mainly used the strategy'reject hypothesis only after information'; (5) subjects usually selected not-yet-tested hypotheses; (6) practice influenced performance; (7) verbalization did not result in more efficient use of information; however, the appropriateness of the experimental set-up to study this factor was questioned; (8) conjunction was easier to learn than the other concepts. The results were discussed in terms of uncertainty reduction, resulting from testing hypotheses in a concept learning task.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)57-69
JournalActa Psychologica
Publication statusPublished - 1979
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note marto The point OP made is that perls [doc://chmod] does not work the same as chmod on their linux system. The linux chmod command assumes that missing digits are leading zeros, perls [doc://chmod] does not operate in the same manner. The docuemtnation I suggested reading (and understanding) provides examples and an explanation that the number passed should be an octal number. Perhaps to fully understand this I should also have suggested that OP read man chmod to understand why it works the way it does. The docs also point to portability issues on certain platforms. IMHO reading the documentation for each command provedes sufficent information to explain why they behave differently. _PHONE_ _PHONE_


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Satyendra Rana | Tuesday 11 September 2018
Greentech Knowledge Solutions Private Limited (GKSPL) and Bihar State Pollution Control Board (BSPCB) have jointly conducted several workshops on "Design, construction and operation of a Zigzag Kiln" across different districts of Bihar during 2018-19. During the workshops, we have observed that there are many fundamental misconceptions prevalent among kiln owners and masons regarding construction and operation of a Zigzag kiln. Here we have tried to clear up the most widespread misconceptions in a very clear manner with short explanations.
It must be clear in everybody's mind that "Zigzag kiln" is NOT a completely new design of brick kiln and it is similar in many ways to the traditional "oval shape" Bull's trench brick kiln. Zigzag kiln is just an "improved version" of the traditional kiln. The main difference between oval-shape Bull's trench kiln and Zigzag kiln is the brick-setting pattern and hence, the fuel feeding/firing method. Applying the improved brick-layout design in a Zigzag kiln, air/hot-gases are provided more time to exchange heat with bricks which is the main reason for its better performance compared to a conventional kiln.
Yes, it is RECOMMENDED for a Zigzag kiln to have a rectangular shape to properly employ improved brick-setting pattern and thus to obtain better performance compared to traditional kiln.
Zigzag kiln refers to a kiln in which air/hot-gases does NOT flow "mostly" in a straight line (unlike in traditional oval-shape kiln) along the length of trench. Zigzag kilns can be of two types:
Chimney type is SAME for both natural-draught and high-draught Zigzag kilns. The cross-section of chimney can be either circular or square in both types of Zigzag kilns. For a given daily production capacity and brick-setting design, chimney internal diameter and height changes according to the type of Zigzag kiln.
It is absolutely WRONG to say that a new type of chimney called "Zigzag chimney" is essential to run any Zigzag kiln. If for a given daily production capacity and brick-setting design, the required internal width, height and quality is met by the existing chimney, then the same chimney can be used to operate the Zigzag kiln.
It is NOT necessary for a chimney to have square cross-section to operate any Zigzag kiln. The cross-section of chimney can be either circular or square in both the types of Zigzag kilns.
There is NO demand from state pollution control board to compulsorily install chimney having square cross-section to operate a Zigzag kiln. Both circular and square cross-sectional chimney are permitted to run any Zigzag kiln.
Central or state pollution control board ONLY specifies the "minimum height" of chimney as per the type of Zigzag kiln. If the existing, new or retrofitted chimney is meeting the required minimum height criteria for a given Zigzag kiln type, pollution control board will allow it to operate. According to draft notification published on March 16, 2018 by "Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change", the minimum height requirements for Zigzag kiln are as follows:
Since in an induced-draught or high-draught kiln the required draught is created artificially with the help of fan, ANY type of brick setting viz. single, double or triple Zigzag can be employed satisfactorily.
If the chimney is meeting the "minimum height criteria" set by central or state pollution control board and the chimney's internal width and height is meeting the design criteria for the required daily production capacity, it is NOT compulsory to increase the height of chimney.
Brick-setting design in a Zigzag kiln is NOT VERY different from the setting employed in conventional oval-shape Bull's trench kiln. The basic pattern of stacking bricks in "rows" along the width of trench with each row containing several "brick columns" is same in both traditional and improved kilns. To increase the time required for heat exchange between bricks and hot-gases/air, some rows in Zigzag kilns are made differently (like a wall) to allow air/hot gases to flow past them only through few spaces left in the wall. (For more details, refer Knowledge briefs a). How is setting of bricks done in a natural-draught kiln, b). How is setting of bricks done in an induced-draught Zigzag kiln).
Yes, it is COMPULSORY to install platform and ladder on the chimney as per the criteria set by central/state pollution control board to facilitate the kiln's emission measurements. (For more details, refer Knowledge brief – What are the good practices for the construction of masonry chimney of a Zigzag kiln?).
The writer is a Consultant at
Greentech Knowledge Solutions Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi


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Welcome to the Seekonk Animal Control Page
The Animal Control Officer is the local animal care and control professional. This person helps the public deal with problems caused by animals.This person also works with other local agencies, such as social services and law enforcement, to protect all members of families, both two-legged and four-legged. Long gone are the term "dogcatcher" and the image of a man with a butterfly net.
Animal care and control professionals now perform a variety of services that help animals as well as people:
- Rescuing injured animals
- Controlling stray and potentially dangerous animals roaming at large
- Bringing lost pets to an animal shelter where their owners can reclaim them
The Animal Control Officer works to protect stray, injured, abused, and unwanted animals. This person has different job titles in different communities - animal control officer, animal services officer, humane officer, humane investigator, animal warden - but is the one who responds to calls about neglected or lost animals, and often the first person to provide comfort and compassion to animals in need.
Grant is funded through the sale of "I'm Animal Friendly" license plates.


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Scientists Say Egg Shells Remove Hex Chrome from Water
24. October 2011
Scientists in China have developed an absorbent material made from waste eggshell membrane that can remove hexavalent chromium from contaminated water.
Current methods for removal include reduction, ion exchange and absorption. Biosorption is a type of absorption that uses a material that is not man-made, usually some kind of waste material. But scientists Yuming Huang and Bin Liu from Southwest University, Chongqing, have designed a new biosorbent using eggshells.
"As the by-product of food processing and manufacturing plants,eggshells represent a significant waste because they are traditionally useless after the production of eggs and egg derivatives," says Huang. "Using this waste to produce useful biomaterial for removal of Cr6 from water may be a good choice and opens up a pathway to using biowaste to treat toxic metals from water.'
Most biosorbents contain amine groups that remove the heavy metals through chelating cationic metal ions and/or absorbing anionic metal species. Eggshell membrane contains many surface functional groups, including amines, amides and carboxylic groups. The team modified ESM with polyethyleneimine, which has known metal chelation properties, and they tested the resulting bioabsorbent for its ability to remove Cr6 from water. Huang found that not only did it remove Cr6 but it also reduced some of the Cr6 to Cr3, suggesting that PEI-ESM can also detoxify Cr(VI).
"An increasingly diverse range of waste and natural materials have been shown to function as biosorbents for the decontamination of metal bearing waters," says Stuart Gibb from the Environmental Research Institute of The University of the Highlands and Islands, Thurso, UK. Gibb says that there are some issues that need to be addressed, but he feels the work shows promise. "The PEI functionalisation of waste eggshell membrane produces a modified biosorbent of significant novelty and interest."


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Pipe bursting is a trenchless rehabilitation method for replacing both pressure and gravity lines with new pipe. Pipe bursting involves the breaking of an existing pipeline by brittle fracture, using mechanically applied force from within. While the deteriorated pipe fragments are forced into the surrounding ground, a new pipe of the same or larger diameter is pulled in to replace the original pipe. Pipe bursting is performed by the insertion of a conically shaped bursting head into a deteriorated pipe, causing it to shatter by pneumatic or hydraulic action. The diameter of pipe being burst typically ranges from 2 to 30 inches, although pipes of larger diameters can be burst. Pipe bursting is commonly performed size-for-size or one size above the diameter of the existing pipe. Larger upsize (up to three pipe sizes) has been successful. However, the larger the pipe upsizing, the greater the force required to burst the existing pipe and pull the new pipe, and the greater the potential for ground movement (upheave).
Static pipe bursting is compatible with all pipe types that can be fused or locked together mechanically. The combination of the static pipe bursting with restrained-joint polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe is a relatively new match, however. Restrained-joint PVC pipe provides improved mechanical properties, higher-pressure ratings, and better flow performance than other thermoplastic materials. Static pipe bursting with PVC also allows communities to stick to a proven long-lasting material that works seamlessly with existing infrastructure and simplifies installation.


time it took to write the functional code. I propose that that we focus less on unit tests and replace them with what I'm calling the user contract of your code.
What is a user contract?
The consumer expects that when they perform action X, they receive outcome Y. Typically they are not concerned about how X became Y just that it does so reliably. This is what I'm calling the user contract. If we as the authors of the code take the same view from a testing perspective, it allows us to write simpler tests and gives us the ability to refactor how a library or UI component works without having to update our tests, dramatically speeding up refactoring.
While these examples are written in Javascript the same techniques apply to all languages.
Library example
Starting with a simple library that another developer may be using…
export async function fetchUserList() {
 const userList = await _queryDBForUserList();
 return await _formatUserList(userList);
function _queryDBForUserList() {
 // Fetch content from the database.
function _formatuserList() {
 // Reformat the data as returned from the database.
A consumer of this API would have a couple expectations:
These expectations then outline what your tests are:
describe('fetchUserList', () => {
 it('does not block');
 it('returns in the correct format');
You should note that we don't test any method that wasn't exported, nor do we export methods simply for testing purposes.
To aid the user in understanding what this contract is you can outline it in the docblock for the exported function. This way it can be used to generate the documentation for your library and help outline what your test structure is.
 Returns a formatted user list.
 _USER_ {Object} The user list in the following format:
 { id: INT, name: STRING, favouriteColour: STRING }
export async function fetchUserList() {
 const userList = await _queryDBForUserList();
 return await _formatUserList();
We don't explicitly test the _queryFBForUSerList and _formatUserList functions as they are implementation details. If you were to change the type of database returning the user list, or the algorithm being used to format the user list you should not have to also modify your tests as the contract to your users has not changed. They still expect that if they call fetchUserList they will receive the list in the specified format.
UI Example
Let's take a look at a UI component this time using the React javascript library, in an effort to save space I've removed the functions that aren't exported. This also helps to illustrate their irrelevance in our testing strategy.
export const LogIn = ({ children }) => {
 const userIsLoggedIn = useSelector(isLoggedIn);
 const userIsConnecting = useSelector(isConnecting);
 const button = _generateButton(userIsConnecting);
 if (!userIsLoggedIn) {
 return (

 return children;
This is a fairly simple component that renders a login button with a logo. Let's go through the exercise and see what our User Contract is:
Our tests would be:
describe('LogIn', () => {
 describe('the user is not logged in', () => {
 it('renders a logo and button to log in');
 it('renders any children passed to it');
 it('clicking the button logs in');
 describe('the user is logged in', () => {
 it('does not render a logo and button to log in');
 it('renders any children passed to it');
Testing the returned value in a UI component is a little more nuanced than checking a return value of a library function. We don't necessarily want to check every specific detail of each element returned unless it's part of the contract. I'll expand these tests with assertions but eschew the component setup and rendering in interest of space.
it('renders a logo and button to log in', () => {
 expect(wrapper.find('.login button').length).toBe(1);
it('renders any children passed to it', () => {
 expect(wrapper.find('main.items').length).toBe(3);
it('logs the user in', () => {
 wrapper.find('.login button').simulate('click', {});
It's important to note here that we have tried to limit the specific details that aren't relevant to the contract of the component. This allows the design to change and the contract to remain valid and we do not need to update the tests. This is especially beneficial when you have a shared component library within your company. You can update the designs and implementation details of your components without updating the tests.
What if I…
When writing the code and exporting methods, ask yourself if the user needs to have access to this method or if you're only doing it for testing purposes. You can always export more methods, you can't always take exported methods away.
When writing tests ask yourself how can the consumer interact with your code and what type of outcome is expected for those interactions and them make sure you have those documented and assertions in your tests.
Don't test implementation details of an exported method or UI component. Consider moving those to a different user contract if you feel they need direct testing.
More reading
I have written some content many years ago which you may also find helpful:
An advantage to components, React or otherwise, is that they can be used multiple times in various contexts across your application. As the application grows and components get modified over time the component call signatures can drift from their original spec and the many call locations across the application can miss getting updated. Compound that with shallow rendering unit tests and you've got yourself a problem where parts of your application don't work as expected because of invalid data being sent to the components, not because the components are broken themselves.
This was an issue that we ran into a few times with the Juju GUI. The Juju GUI is a web app with a large portion of it rendered using a number of parent React components which then render the appropriate children based on the state of the application. When one of the children needs access to a method or data, it's possible that it will need to be passed from the top application down through the parent and various children. This caused issues where it was easy to miss updating a components call signature when it was updated.
To remedy this, Francesco Banconi, one of my teammates wrote a Python script to analyze all of the components included in the application and their call signatures to ensure that every place it was being called, it was being called with the appropriate props.
We simply added this into our lint target in the Makefile so that CI will fail if a branch attempts to modify the call signatures without updated the rest of the application.
.PHONY: lint
lint: lint-python lint-components lint-js lint-css
.PHONY: lint-components
 @./scripts/inspect-components validate --path jujugui/static/gui/src/ --short
The GUI is over 150k lines of code without dependencies and the script takes less than 300ms to run and outputs errors similar to the following allowing you to track them down quickly.
 instantiated at: /juju-gui/jujugui/static/gui/src/app/components/entity-details/entity-details.js:98
 defined at: /juju-gui/jujugui/static/gui/src/app/components/entity-details/content/content.js:21
 entityModel provided but not declared
component validation failed: 1 error found
We have found this hugely helpful to reduce errors in the shipped application with almost no overhead during development. Should we split this out into its own tool? Would you find this helpful in your own projects? Let me know _USER_ Thanks for reading.


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Downloadable (1 PDF - 15 pages)
The Habitat Hunters activity can also be found within the Needs of Plants and Animals - Let's Do Science Bundle. If you are interested in purchasing this activity and more, you can check out the Needs of Plants and Animals bundle here.
During the Habitat Hunters activity, which is ideal for K-1, students will determine the essentials of a suitable habitat for various grassland animals. Probing questions help them to identify the requirements that animals have for the maintenance of life.
By the end of the activity students should be able to:
Additional resources included with the activity plan:


The São João Baptista, Portuguese Galleon Warship
The São João Baptista, Saint John the Baptist, commonly known as the Botafogo, was a Portuguese galleon warship built in the 16th century, around 1534, considered the biggest and most powerful warship in the world at the time.
Botafogo on the left in this engraving, Portuguese flag on the top
This ship could carry 366 bronze cannons, and had an artillery power of 1,000 tons. For this reason, it became known as Botafogo, meaning literally fire maker orspitfire in popular Portuguese.
The Botafogo was used both in the Atlantic and in the Mediterranean, where it became famous during the Conquest of Tunis (1535). In that battle, the Botafogowas commanded by Infante Luís, Duke of Beja, brother of John III and brother-in-law of Charles V.
Conquest of Tunis (1535)
The Conquest of Tunis in 1535 was an attack on Tunis, then under the control of the Ottoman Empire, by the Spanish Empire and its allies.
In 1533, Suleiman the Magnificent ordered Hayreddin Barbarossa, whom he had summoned from Algiers, to build a large war fleet in the arsenal ofConstantinople. Altogether 70 galleys were built during the winter of 1533–1534, manned by slave oarsmen, including 2,000 Jewish ones. With this fleet, Barbarossa conducted aggressive raids along the coast of Italy, until he conquered Tunis on 16 August 1534, ousting the local ruler, theretofore subservient to the Spanish, Muley Hasan.Barbarossa thus established a strong naval base in Tunis, which could be used for raids in the region, and on nearby Malta.
Charles V, one of the most powerful men in Europe at the time, assembled a large army of some 30,000 soldiers, 74 galleys (rowed by chained Protestants shipped in from Antwerp), 300 sailing ships, the Santa Anna and Portuguese galleon São João Baptista, also known as Botafogo and the most powerful ship in the world at the time, with 366 bronze cannons to drive the Ottomans from the region. The expense involved for Charles V was considerable, and at 1,000,000 ducats was on par with the cost of Charles' campaign against Suleiman on the Danube. Unexpectedly, the funding of the conquest of Tunis came from thegalleons sailing in from the New World, in the form of a 2 million gold ducats treasure extracted by Francisco Pizarro in exchange for his releasing of the Inca kingAtahualpa (whom he nevertheless executed on 29 August 1533).
Despite a request by Charles V, Francis I denied French support to the expedition, explaining that he was under a 3 year truce with Barbarossa following the 1533 Ottoman embassy to France. Francis I was also under negotiations with Suleiman the Magnificent for a combined attack on Charles V, following the 1534 Ottoman embassy to France. Francis I only agreed to Pope Paul III's request that no fight between Christians occur during the time of the expedition.
On 1 June 1535, protected by a Genoese fleet, Charles V destroyed Barbarossa's fleet and, after a costly yet successful siege at La Goletta, captured Tunis. In the ruins, the Spanish found cannon balls with the French Fleur-de-lys mark, evidence of the contacts stemming from the Franco-Ottoman alliance.
The resulting massacre of the city left an estimated 30,000 dead. Barbarossa managed to flee to Algiers with a troop of several thousand Turks. Muley Hasan was restored to his throne. The stench of the corpses was such that Charles V soon left Tunis and moved his camp to Radès.
The siege demonstrated the power projection of the Habsburg dynasties at the time; Charles V had under his control much of southern Italy, Sicily, Spain, theAmericas, Austria, the Netherlands and lands in Germany. Furthermore, he was Holy Roman Emperor and had de jure control over much of Germany as well.
The catastrophic defeat in the Capture of Tunis in 1535 by the Holy League motivated the Ottoman Empire to enter into a formal alliance with France against the Habsburg Empire. Ambassador Jean de La Forêt was sent to Constantinople, and for the first time was able to become permanent ambassador at the Ottoman court and to negotiate treaties.
Charles V celebrated a neo-classical triumph "over the infidel" at Rome on April 5, 1536 in commemoration of his victory at Tunis.
Barbarossa managed to escape to the harbour of Bône, where a fleet was waiting for him. From there, he sailed to accomplish the Sack of Mahon, where he took 6,000 slaves and brought them to Algiers.
The Ottomans responded by recapturing the city in 1574. However the Ottoman governors of Tunis were semi-autonomous Beys who acted as privateers against Christian shipping. Consequently, raiding in the Mediterranean continued until the French subjugated the region as a protectorate three centuries later in 1830 with an invasion leading to the creation of French Algeria, and the establishment of a protectorate over Tunisia in 1881 through the French occupation of Tunisia.
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Australian operators of power systems are required to meet Australian Standards concerning touch, step and transfer potentials.
Earthing systems form an integral part of any power system and provide personnel safety, equipment protection and system operating requirements for protection schemes.
These standards include ENA EG1 and AS2067 which outline design and testing requirements. The 2010 version of AS2067 introduced the requirement to design and prove touch and step potentials to meet specific design criteria rather than simply ensuring that the grid impedance was below 1 ohm. Mining sites also need to meet the requirements of AS3007.2 for touch potentials and clearance times.
Why is it required?
New installations require injection testing to prove the Earth Grid design criteria has been meet. This injection testing results in touch potential measurements being taken and compared to the design criteria.
Periodic testing of Earthing Systems is also required as Earth Grid impedance can change due to corrosion of earth cables, changes in surrounding infrastructure, soil movement, excavation works and theft or vandalism. Periodic testing ensures the Earth System impedance has not changed from the commissioning stage thus ensuring the touch and step potentials are still within the design criteria.
How is it done?
Periodic testing on substation earthing systems is carried out to ensure compliance with the original design criteria or against the relevant standards when the design criteria is not available. This will ensure touch and step potentials remain at safe levels.
We offer comprehensive field testing and analysis using state of the art off frequency current injection methods and analysis technology. Our services include measurement of soil resistivity, electrode and earth grid resistance, calculation of touch and step potentials, all completed without interruption as tests can be performed whilst the substation is still energised.
Our technology provides accurate knowledge of the voltage gradients around the earthing system allowing highly accurate analysis of the step and touch voltages that require monitoring. This is achieved using off frequency current injection in the area surrounding the substation. Our engineers can assess the stability of the measured voltages at increasing distances to provide an accurate earth grid impedance measurement.
Ampcontrol conducts periodic Earth Grid testing which includes the provision of manuals and documentation to support analysis and findings. These reports can be also supplied to relevant government authorities to support auditing processes.
We provide Earth System testing services for mining and industrial applications during commissioning of new substations along with routine Earth System testing for pre-existing systems. High Voltage safety compliance audits against AS2067 and AS3007 can also be conducted at the same time as the Earth System testing to confirm compliance to standards as well as the touch and step tolerances.


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The clinical laboratory has an essential role in all aspects of life and the diagnosis process starts early on in medical examination through blood testing or non-invasive testing. It plays an important role in any clinical decision and will have a 30 to 100 per cent impact based on the diagnosis itself and the continuity and outcome of the medical condition, according to Dr Ismail A Bakhsh, Consultant Clinical Scientist, Director of Ancillary Services, National Medical Care.
Today, healthcare systems are moving to become Accountable Care Organizations (ACO). Laboratory services are an integral part to the success of any healthcare system and can contribute a great deal to the success of the ACO model that aims to improve patient outcomes and population health management while keeping costs at a minimum.
At Global Health Exhibition, Dr Bakhsh will be discussing ACO's and the laboratory's integral contribution to the success of any healthcare transformation model.
He describes an ACO model as different organisations within a healthcare system working together to improve the health of their assigned local population through integrating the services to manage the causes of illnesses. Those groups of doctors, hospitals, and/or other healthcare providers must work together with a single goal of giving better care at a lower cost and this includes laboratory services.
Dr Bakhsh explained: "ACO is a relatively new concept and highlights the shift in the way we are serving and catering for our patients and clients. ACO's will depend a lot on the laboratory because, for example, in certain chronic diseases such as diabetes, a diabetic patient will need to visit the doctor every two to three months and the visit will not be complete if they have not done any blood tests."
ACOs have been created to push the industry away from fee-for-service towards value-based care through care coordination and a shared savings payment model. Effective contribution of any clinical laboratory services to ACO depends on the insurance of the effectiveness of five laboratory strategies. These include:
- Outreach services: The capacity to extend beyond the institute for wide coverage.
- Electronic connectivity: For example, easily requesting /ordering laboratory tests and accessing tests results remotely and freely.
- Lean processes: Better time utilisation, reduced errors, etc.
- Utilisation Management: Effective utilisation management plays a crucial role in decreasing costs without lowering quality.
- Aligning with the bigger picture: Laboratory data and resources play an important role clinically and for ACO planning and execution.
Impact of COVID-19 on laboratories
Several areas have been impacted due to COVID-19, stressed Dr Bakhsh. One has been the psychological impact of isolation and quarantine and how people are behaving because of it. Second, has been the financial impact due to drastic job losses, and third has been a shift in the environment of the laboratories due to the increased demand for COVID-19 testing.
"According to recent findings, there has been a reduction in about 14 per cent in the global laboratory industry, but there has also been a positive impact as the development of testing in such a short time was enhanced. So, we have seen a lot of development and enhancement in connectivity, communication, and digitalisation, among other areas," he highlighted.
Additionally, technology has had a major impact on the day-to-day operations of the laboratory. Dr Bakhsh said that in his organisation, due to COVID-19, there was an increase in home visits, daily consultation, and telecommunication, for medical concerns.
"There has been a shift from face-to-face and physical communication, whether in the medical field or managerial roles," he said. "Also, there been an increased use of artificial intelligence (AI) and I think it is a developing area, especially in centralising data. Moreover, AI is driven by the private sector, which more flexible and can see the return on investment."
He concluded: "The message that I want to emphasise on is that ACO is all about the patient and how healthcare organisations should focus on providing high-quality, safe and cost-effective services."
Dr Bakhsh will be speaking at the 'Leaders Session: Transformation to ACO: How can the lab help?' on December 7 at 6pm at the Global Health Exhibition.
He has over 25 years of experience in diagnostic, therapeutic laboratories and executive management. He is skilled in Epidemiology, Medical Devices, Oncology, Haematology, and Healthcare Information Technology (HIT) and also holds an MBA. His PhD, from the University of London, is focused on Haematology and Cellular Therapy.


A little mind candy for the middle of your day
Students Call for Salt Water Taffy to Become NJ's Official Candy
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 Students from Samsel Elementary school in Sayreville, N.J. will do their part in an effort to make salt water taffy the state's offical candy. (Published Thursday, June 5, 2014)
 New Jersey has an official state bird (the goldfinch), flower (the common violet), tree (the red oak), fish (the brook trout), folk dance (the square dance), bug (the honeybee) and even a dinosaur (Hadrosaurus foulkii). One lawmaker reckons that what New Jersey needs now is an official state candy.
 Assemblyman John Wisniewski is pushing a bill to honor salt water taffy with the designation. He introduced it after meeting with students at Sayreville's Samsel Upper Elementary School for a lesson on how a bill becomes law. The measure cleared an Assembly committee on Thursday.
 Wisniewski had asked the students to come up with something that deserved to become a law. They wanted to name an official state candy and chose salt water taffy, which was invented in Atlantic City as a popular souvenir of a trip to the shore in the late 19th century. (The sugar-laden confection does not actually contain any salt water.)
 Testifying Thursday before the Assembly tourism committee in Trenton, fifth-grader Tyler Graham said designating an official state candy can help boost tourism at the Jersey shore in the wake of Superstorm Sandy.
 "Wouldn't it be nice to give citizens a reason to come to the shore and purchase the official state candy?" he asked.
 Atlantic City became the epicenter of the salt water taffy world, with confectioners Enoch James, Joseph Fralinger and William Shriver founding taffy and candy companies bearing their names.
 The bill now goes to the full Assembly.
 Assemblywoman Valerie Vainieri Huttle commended the students and thanked them for the samples they passed out.
 "My favorite flavor is banana and chocolate," she said. "I already had one."
 Assemblyman Ralph Caputo said, "The lesson is that when you become a legislator, you get to have candy before lunch."


text:
For dragons to breath fire is certainly possible to have happened. Today fireflies produce light, eels produce electricity and the bombardier beetle can produce fire. The bombardier beetle has a canon near his rear end where he can blast his enemies with chemicals that are 212 degrees Fahrenheit: the temperature of boiling water. How does the beetle do that? This beetle has compartments where he stores fiery chemicals. When these chemicals unite they explode. If a tiny beetle can possess such a sophisticated mechanism in its rear, then a dinosaur or dragon could also have had a similar mechanism that would allow it to breathe fire to defend itself.
In fact, some of the dinosaurs have compartments in their heads that are connected to their nasal passages. The Tyrannosaurs Rex has a head the size of a car but his brain was the size of a baseball. The rest of his head was full of these compartments connected to his sinuses. If he had these special chemicals stored in these hollow compartments, it is possible that he could have been a fire breathing dragon.
In addition, legends of fire breathing dragons have circulated around the world for centuries and throughout history. They are depicted in artwork and literature. Almost all cultures have dragon legends despite having had no contact with each other.
Check out our Bible Answers page for more information on a variety of topics.
In His service,


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Background: Newer generation biocomposite anchors are hypothesized to resorb more reliably and faster, while allowing for bone ingrowth and replacement.
Purpose: The purposes of this study were to (1) assess anchor resorption and bone ingrowth over time, (2) identify tunnel widening or potential reactions to the implants, (3) compare imaging findings for different sites of labral repair, and (4) determine patient subjective outcomes with the use of biocomposite anchors in glenoid labral repair.
Study design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.
Methods: We enrolled 22 patients to participate in a 24-month outcomes study that included subjective and objective outcome assessments after glenoid labrum repair surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at 6 and 12 months to identify any potential reactions to implants. Computed tomography (CT) scans were performed at 12 and 24 months to determine anchor resorption and bone ingrowth. Sixteen patients and 47 anchors were available for follow-up at 24 months. An independent, fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologist read the scans. Subjective outcome scores measured at 24 months postoperatively included Simple Shoulder Test, Tegner activity scale, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder scores.
Results: No adverse events were reported with the use of biocomposite anchors at the end of the study period. At 12 and 24 months, respectively, CT scans demonstrated that an estimated 68% and 98% of combined anchor material had been absorbed, 56% and 78% of the anchor material had been replaced by soft tissue of variable density, and 9% and 20% of total anchor volume was replaced by bone. No obvious mechanical failure of the labral repairs was detected on nonarthrogram MRI. Three of the 47 anchors showed bone cyst formation. Tunnel widening (expansion beyond tunnel diameter of 3 mm; 2.9-mm drill hole utilized) was seen in 55% of the anchors but decreased between 12 and 24 months, consistent with bone replacement. Tunnel widening was seen more in anteroinferior and posterior glenoid anchor locations (84% and 57%, respectively) than in superior labral anchors (13%). Subjective outcome scores at 24 months for ASES and UCLA shoulder scores averaged 88 and 30, respectively. All but one patient were satisfied with their outcome at 24 months.
Conclusion: Our imaging evaluation indicates resorption of newer generation biocomposite anchors with progressive bone replacement at 12 and 24 months while maintaining acceptable subjective outcomes.


Remember Together
In assemblies leading up to Remembrance Sunday our theme has been 'Remember Together'. Students have been recognising the service, sacrifice, and collaboration of the men and women of Britain, the Commonwealth and Allied nations who fought together 75 years ago in WWII in the lead up to D-day. As part of the assembly Mr. Brown shared the WWII experiences of his own Grandfather who served with the RAF and became a POW. During the 'Last Post' students paid their respect and united to ensure no-one is forgotten and to honour those who have sacrificed themselves to secure & protect our freedom.


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It is tricky to determine whether economic activities within a metropolis are often driven by the number of occupants living in the city, or whether the number of people within a city is responsible for the level of economic activity in said region.
However unclear this is, what is certain is that the two are not mutually exclusive. They are determinants of each other, as the prominence of one almost always leads to the growth of the other.
As a result, the socio-challenges that arise from overpopulation like ecological degradation, high costs of living, and unemployment are the proverbial necessary evil that spurs prosperity via ingenuity, and problem-solving.
Below is a list of African cities with the highest population. These cities are globally recognized economic hubs and grow in population yearly. The list contains data on population growth from 2021 to 2022, and also their position on the global scale. The list is also as of September 2022.
The list is courtesy of World Population Review a demographics data outfit focused on population data all across the globe.


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Why Interim Managers Prioritize Communciation
Improving communication is one of the first things on any interim manager's agenda. Because without open and clear channels, no plan or strategy can be effective.
Messages need to be broadcast to the right people with the intended meaning. Interim managers make sure that happens to avoid wastage of time, resources and talent. Through better communication, they are able to introduce efficiency, make quick progress, and build good teams with common goals.
Interim managers create efficiency
Organizations are more efficient if everybody in it is aware of their roles and responsibilities. Good managers document the expectations of each position and how each process is to be performed. A manual helps eliminate time else spent figuring out certain tasks or learning from colleagues, as well as, lowering the learning curve. When individual team members are informed of their tasks and the extent of what is expected of them, they are better able to perform and deliver results.
Interim managers achieve goals quicker
Reducing layers of communication between upper and lower management considerably speeds up progress in the office. With the ever-increasing amount of digital messaging tools available for organizations, it is easier than ever for employees from different departments and levels to interact with each other. Increased and quicker communication allows companies to reach their targets quicker and more effectively.
Interim managers build successful teams
Teams, where communication is encouraged, are more likely to succeed. Having your opinion heard and appreciated inspires you to work harder and contribute more. Good teams are built upon common goals, transparency and support. Regular discussions and meetings allow everybody to agree upon the same goals, stay on the same page and move in the same direction.


I would like to know what type of machine learning to use for recognizing events in a set of data. (or at least be pointed in the right direction so I can do my own research on the topic.)
I'm trying to identify M&M color using an RGB sensor. Here is an example of some data I collected. I want to train a neural network by saying "this is what it looks like when a blue M&M passes by the sensor... And a yellow..." So it then can tell me when and what color M&M has passed by.
My type of problem is similar to this. In this case, they record accelerometer data and use it to identify the exercise someone was doing.
How can you teach an ANN to do this? And how do you teach it what an "event" looks like?
** P.S. I'm new to this forum so any modifications to my question to make it more relevant and understandable are welcome.
You will need your data to look something like this:
Blue Red Green Label
20 12 13 _
18 11 13 _
18 12 13 _
19 13 14 _
24 12 13 _
28 14 19 B
30 19 21 B
29 18 20 B
25 14 16 B
21 12 13 _
19 11 12 _
18 11 12 _
That is, every point in the data will need to be annotated with a label: _ for nothing, B for blue, Y for yellow.
A sequence labeling model can be trained to predict the label for each point in the input sequence. Note that it's common to use a "Begin Inside Outside" (BIO) scheme to help the model understand when an "event" starts and ends:
Blue Red Green Label
20 12 13 Outside
18 11 13 Outside
18 12 13 Outside
19 13 14 Outside
24 12 13 Outside
28 14 19 B_Begin
30 19 21 B_Inside
29 18 20 B_Inside
25 14 16 B_Inside
21 12 13 Outside
19 11 12 Outside
18 11 12 Outside
(there are also variants of this scheme)
As far as I know Conditional Random Fields would be the traditional approach for this kind of task, but there might more recent NN approaches that I'm not aware of.
Your Answer


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ECOWAS Conference Calls for Human Rights Approach to Climate Change
17 September 2009: The Regional Conference on Protection Challenges to Climate Change in West Africa, held from 14-16 September 2009, in Lomé, Togo, called for broader consideration of the social impacts of climate change through a human rightsbased approach.
The meeting released the "Lomé Declaration on Climate Change and Protection of Civilians in West Africa," calling for broader consideration of the social impacts of climate change through a human rights-based approach, and considering the growing negative impact of climate change on the stability of the region, including the human security and citizens' rights. Participants highlighted conflicts arising from natural resource depletion and the infringement of displaced people's rights. They also recommended establishment of a special fund to help address climate change-induced impacts on affected parts of the population; called for measures to protect climate-affected persons; and agreed that a regional platform should be established for information exchange.
The meeting was facilitated by the Economic Council of Western African States (ECOWAS), the UN Office in West Africa, the government of Togo, and the regional UN Offices of the High Commissioner of Human Rights and Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. It was attended by the 15 member States of ECOWAS and Mauritania, as well as numerous intergovernmental and non-governmental agencies. [ECOWAS press release]


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Hang on there, you cool person who is looking to read some extremely interesting scientific information on oats and plant-based nutrition. Before you take a look at the following pages and before you proceed to click 'YES,' we have a disclaimer that we would like you to read here.
Q: Why is dipotassium phosphate added to Oatly Oat Drinks, including the Barista Edition, Skinny, Semi and Whole? Can you confirm that it's safe?
A: Due to its buffering properties, dipotassium phosphate is frequently used as an 'acidity regulator'. It's used particularly to prevent acidic coffee (with its low pH) from lowering the pH of coffee drinks to a degree that would result in the 'feathering' (splitting or precipitation) of the plant-based milk.
It's an approved additive within the EU as well as numerous other countries (including the USA, where the FDA has granted it GRAS [Generally Recognised As Safe] status).


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Parishes should be prepared for the celebration of the liturgy of the hours. SC and the General Introduction to the Liturgy of the Hours (see the sidebar; GILH) both suggest it as part of a parish's palette of liturgical prayer.
368. The celebration of the office for the dead requires careful preparation, especially in the case of communities that may not be familiar with the liturgy of the hours. Pastors and other ministers should provide catechesis on the place and significance of the liturgy of the hours in the life of the Church and the purpose of the celebration of the office for the dead. They should also encourage members of the parish community to participate in the celebration as an effective means of prayer for the deceased, as a sign of their concern and support for the family and close friends, and as a sign of faith and hope in the paschal mystery. This catechesis will help ensure the full and active participation of the assembly in the celebration of the office for the dead.
Just two things here. First, a summary of why liturgical participation is important:
- an effective means of prayer for the deceased
- a sign of concern and support for the mourners
- a sign of faith and hope in the paschal mystery
These reasons, by the way, extend to the importance of "full and active" participation in the Sunday Mass.
And a side comment: it takes more than the imparting of knowledge. Catechesis here implies formation; in part, a learn-by-doing approach to liturgical experience.


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The Trevi fountain is at the ending part of the Aqua
Virgo, an aqueduct constructed in 19 BC. It brings water all the
way from the Salone Springs (approx 20km from Rome) and supplies
the fountains in the historic center of Rome with water
Construction of the Fountain In 1732, Pope Clement XII commissioned
Nicola Salvi to create a large fountain at the Trevi Square. A
previous undertaking to build the fountain after a design by
Bernini was halted a century earlier after the death of Pope Urban
VIII. Salvi based his theatrical masterpiece on this design.
Construction of the monumental baroque fountain was finally
completed in 1762.
The central figure of the fountain, in front of a large niche, is
Neptune, god of the sea. He is riding a chariot in the shape of a
shell, pulled by two sea horses. Each sea horse is guided by a
Triton. One of the horses is calm and obedient, the other one
restive. They symbolize the fluctuating moods of the sea.
On the left hand side of Neptune is a statue representing
Abundance, the statue on the right represents Salubrity. Above the
sculptures are bas-reliefs, one of them shows Agrippa, the girl
after whom the aqueduct was named.


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Immersion Suit, Anti Exposure Suit, Thermal Protective Aids
March 07, 2018
Safety of self and co-workers is the prime priority kept in mind by a professional seafarer while working onboard ship. All shipping companies ensure that their crew follow personal safety procedures and rules for all the operation carried onboard ships.
To achieve utmost safety on board ship, the basic step is to make sure that everybody wears their personal protective equipments made for different types of jobs carried out on ship.
Following are the basic personal protective equipments (ppe) that are always present onboard a ship to ensure safety of the working crew:
1) Protective Clothing: Protective clothing is a coverall which protects the body of the crew member from hazardous substance like hot oil, water, welding spark etc. It is popularly known as "dangri "or "boiler suit".
2) Helmet: The most important part of the human body is the head. It needs utmost protection which is provided by a hard plastic helmet on the ship. A chin strap is also provided with the helmet which keeps the helmet on place when there is a trip or fall.
3) Safety Shoes: Maximum of the internal space of the ship is utilized by cargo and machinery, which is made of hard metal and which make it clumsy for crew to walk around. Safety shoes ensure that nothing happens to the crew member's feet while working or walking onboard.
4) Safety Hand gloves: Different types of hand gloves are provided onboard ship. All these are used in operations wherein it becomes imperative to protect ones hands. Some of the gloves provided are heat resistant gloves to work on hot surface, cotton gloves for normal operation, welding gloves, chemical gloves etc.
5) Goggles: Eyes are the most sensitive part of the human body and in daily operations on ship chances are very high for having an eye injury. Protective glass or goggles are used for eye protection, whereas welding goggles are used for welding operation which protects the eyes from high intensity spark.
6) Ear Muff/plug: Engine room of the ship produces 110-120 db of sound which is very high for human ears. Even few minutes of exposure can lead to head ache, irritation and sometimes partial or full hearing loss. An ear muff or ear plug is used on board ship which dampens the noise to a bearable decibel value.
7) Safety harness: Routine ship operation includes maintenance and painting of high and elevated surfaces which require crew members to reach areas that are not easily accessible. To avoid a fall from such heightened area, safety harness is used. Safety harness is donned by the operator at one end and tied at a strong point on the other end.
8) Face mask: Working on insulation surface, painting or carbon cleaning involves minor hazardous particles which are harmful for human body if inhaled directly. To avoid this, face mask are provided which acts as shield from hazardous particle.
9) Chemical suit: Use of chemicals onboard ship is very frequent and some chemicals are very dangerous when they come in direct contact with human skin. A chemical suit is worn to avoid such situations.
10) Welding shield: Welding is a very common operation onboard ship for structural repairs. A welder is provided with welding shield or mask which protects the eyes from coming in direct contact with ultraviolet rays of the spark of the weld.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Let $A$ be a $2\times2$ matrix with real entries such that $A^2=0$.Find the determinant of $I+A$ where $I$ denotes the identity matrix. I proceed in this way :Note that $(I+A)A=A+A^2 \Longrightarrow (I+A)A=A$ (Since $A^2=0$).
Now taking determinant both side we get $|(I+A)A| = |A| \Longrightarrow |(I+A)|\cdot|A|=|A|\Longrightarrow |I+A|=1$.
Am I proceed in correct way? In the last line am I need to consider $|A|=0$?
share|improve this question
Since $A^2=0$ $A$ is not invertible, therefore $|A|=0$, so your proof is not correct. – sebigu Aug 2 '12 at 13:25
Better consider the characteristic polynomial of $A$. You can compute the one from $A+I$ from it and read out the determinant. – sebigu Aug 2 '12 at 13:27
As an alternative to _USER_'s hint: you can show that a nilpotent matrix is similar to a strictly triangular matrix. Now, what is the determinant of the sum of the identity and a strictly triangular matrix? – Guess who it is. Aug 2 '12 at 13:33
5 Answers 5
up vote 5 down vote accepted
The matrix $A$ is nilpotent with characteristic polynomial $x^2.$ But by definition $x^2 = \det(A - xI).$ If we let $x = -1,$ then we have $\det(A + I) = 1.$
share|improve this answer
This is the simplest way. Than you for help – Argha Aug 2 '12 at 14:16
$A$ is similar to (and hence has the same determinant as) a matrix of the form $\begin{pmatrix} 0 & * \\ 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix}$. That is, there is an invertible matrix $P$ such that
$$A':=P^{-1}AP = \begin{pmatrix} 0 & * \\ 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix}$$
and $\det A = \det A'$. But $I':=P^{-1}IP=I$, and so $P^{-1}(I+A)P=I+A'$, and so $\det (I+A) = \det (I+A')$.
So what is $\det (I+A)$?
share|improve this answer
Let $x = \det (I+A)$
Hence $\det(I+nA)=x^n$
But $\det(I+nA)=P(n)$ with P a polynomial (of maximum degree the size of matrix A).
So the only solutions are $x=1$ or $x=0$. But If $x=0$, there is a $v\neq 0$ such that $v+Av=0$, hence, $Av=-v$, and $A^2v=v$, that is not possible.
So $\det(I+A)=1$
Note that this proof is true for any size of matrix.
share|improve this answer
Very nice answer, +1 – Clive Newstead Aug 2 '12 at 14:01
I like this one:
The characteristic polynomial of $A$ is $x^2$. By substitution we get $$(x-1)^2=x^2-2x+1$$ as characteristic polynomial of $A+I$. Now we see trace and determinant.
share|improve this answer
The trace of $A$ is $0$, using $$A^2-\operatorname{tr}(A)\cdot A+(\det A)\cdot I=0$$ and the fact that the determinant of $A$ is $0$. Applying this to $A+I$, we get $$\tag{1} A+2I-\operatorname{tr}(A+I)\cdot(A+I)+\det(A+I)\cdot I=0,$$ hence $$2A+I-2(A+I)+\det(A+I)\cdot I=0,$$ and $$\det(A+I)\cdot I=I,$$ hence $\det (A+I)$.
The formula $(1)$ can we deduce either by Cayley Hamilton theorem (sledgehammer), or by hand.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


Task Notes is a feature of TeamworkIQ's Team Essentials and Business Pro plans. People may add and update a note for the tasks to which they have been assigned.
TeamworkIQ Message Streams is more powerful than Task Notes and is a feature of TeamworkIQ's Business Plus plan. Message Streams provides real-time integrated chat, comments, notes, file sharing, _USER_ and message flagging features. Messages with _USER_ or flags become "Actionable Messages" that behave similar to "Actionable Tasks" to make sure important things get seen and things get done.
If you are on a Business Plus plan, you will see and use the Message Streams feature, not the Task Notes feature. If you upgraded to Business Plus, your Task Notes will still be visible in any processes that preceded the release of Message Streams.
What are Task Notes?
Task assignees can use Task Notes to share information with the team as they complete their tasks. While a task is in progress, its Notes remain in draft form and are only visible to the task's assignees. As soon as the task is completed, the finalized Notes become visible to all of the participants in the process.
For example, in an onboarding process, a Hiring Manager may want to add a note which specifies special ergonomic accommodations that should be installed in the new employee's office. This allows the manager to supply detailed information that may be used by the Assignees of in subsequent tasks or referred to as part of an audit. The manager could have distributed the information by email, but Task Notes make the information readily available in the context of the process.
How To Add Task Notes
If you are the assignee of the task and you are working on the task, you can add Task Notes. To do so:
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 2. As shown below, click the "..." icon to the left of the task to open the task action menu. Select "Add notes".
 3. Start typing your note in the Task Notes editor.
While the task is in progress, its Notes are only visible to its assignees. As soon as a task is checked off as completed, its Notes become visible to all of the process participants.
Once a task is completed, its Notes become read-only. If you want to edit the Notes after the task is completed, you can do so by unchecking the task, updating the Notes and completing the task.
How to Delete Task Notes
If you are the assignee of the task, then you can delete Task Notes. To do so:
 1. Click on the task.
 2. On larger screens: Click into right-hand task detail panel.
 On smaller screens: Click the "add notes" link which appears below the selected task.
 3. Click into the text area of the yellow Note.
 4. Delete the text that you find there.
As soon as there is no more text in the note, the "notes" link for the task will disappear.
More about Task Notes
Task Notes allow assignees to enter information while working on the task. While the task is in progress, its Notes are in draft form; only the assignees can see them. This allows the assignees to verify that the information is correct before they share it.
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The Notes of a completed task are read-only. This ensures that the Notes that the other participants see have not been edited, deleted or tampered since the completion of the task. The only way to update the Notes after a task has been completed is to reopen the task, edit its Notes and mark it a completed again.
Task Notes can only be viewed by process participants. They do not trigger email notifications and are not included in the content of any other email notifications. Thus, there is no risk that they will accidentally be forwarded to the wrong person.
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text:
Fire, Smoke and Repairs
On December 15, 1993, fire swept through the stately Utah Governor's Mansion. The cause: faulty wiring on the Christmas tree in the Grand Hall.
Smoke traveled quickly from the hall to the nearby stairwell, which channeled heat and smoke up through the house and out the roof nearly destroying the dome over the staircase.
Fortunately, the Governor's family (Governor Leavitt was not in the mansion at the time of the fire) and staff were able to alert the fire department and escape without injury. The Salt Lake City fire department responded immediately and took special precautions to protect irreplaceable elements of the building. They placed dams across doorways to prevent water from spreading into rooms which did not have to be exposed to the fire-fighting process.
Shortly after the fire was extinguished, representatives of the State Fire Marshal's Office, the Division of Facilities Construction and Management, and the Division of State History met to assess the damage. Utah Disaster Kleenup was called in to vacuum up water, dry out the mansion and start topical cleaning of all surfaces. A temporary heat source was placed in the building to prevent damp wood from freezing and cracking. These initial actions marked the beginning of an arduous effort to ensure the preservation and restoration of this national treasure. Enough of the mansion's original materials remained to warrant a comprehensive restoration. What was lost in the fire was replicated to the highest possible standards, while original materials were cleaned and refinished. Delicate original plasterwork was retained in place after the plaster walls and woodwork were removed for cleaning.
Martin Churchill Associates, Inc. of Arlington, Virginia was brought in to supervise smoke and odor removal. The firm determined that virtually all interior wall surfaces would have to be removed and interior wall cavities cleaned. Sponge and grit-blasting were used to clean the interior surfaces of caustic tar, smoke and soot damage. Ozone generators were used to complete the combustion process and eliminate odors before the walls were replastered.
The most extensive exterior smoke damage occurred on the south second level porch. Poultices, soft water washes and chemical washes were tried and were mostly ineffective cleaning tools. Finally, a soft sand-blasting technique was successful. The process left no visible damage to the stone and was used only in small areas.


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Why residence event and not Address?
The discussion of how to enter addresses in GRAMPS pops up from time to time, especially with new users. Let's give some reasoning on why to use the residence event for genealogical research, and not address.
You find a definition of an address in Glossary, as well as for Place. So the address is for mailing, while the place is to indicate a point on a map. Mailing is in general not very useful for deceased people, the main focus of your research. So:
- What is an Address?
- The GRAMPS concept of an Address is a particular location with an associated time frame. Think of it as a mailing address. It is intended to represent where a person lived and when the person lived there.
- What is a Place?
- The GRAMPS concept of a Place is a particular location independent of time. Over time, the same Place may have different address information due to changing borders and political situation. For example, Leningrad and St. Petersburg represent the same place, but with different names. GRAMPS offers the alternate locations tab in the Place Editor, allowing to enter different address information of the place.
Apart from this, an event is important here: A defining moment in a person's life. Events can be coupled to places and are a central object in genealogy research, together with people, families and sources. They give a timeline on the life of a person, a timeline on which it is important to also indicate where a person lives.
Why residence events?
So, what are the advantages of residence events then? Well:
- You can attach a place to it. This place will then be the effective address, with possible alternate locations (see the place dialog) indicating how eg this place is called today as opposed to when the event happened.
- You can share that place between people and families. With addresses there is no way to check if an address is already in your database - unless you remember it. That makes it unlikely to discover that two people actually lived at the same address. You can also filter on place city, eg give me all residence events that are in a place with city Berlin.
- Hence, you can search places and see not just what happened in a certain city, but also who lived (resided) there. That's also not possible using the 'address' system. This is a timeline of a place with all events that happened there.
- On a timeline of a person you can see the event and infer details, eg a person marries before or after moving to a new house.
- Using a place for the address allows you to use this place for other events. Eg suppose Jim marries at home, then the Marriage event can be linked to the place indicating his home, just like the Residence event does.
- Just like the address field, events have full time control, so time spans and periods can be used and are recognized for reports.
- Individual attributes on residence event are handled on Gedcom export.
What is a disadvantage:
- For a change in streetname, the address changes but the position on the map is the same. GRAMPS allows you to store this information in an alternate location, but alternate location has no date span, so you cannot indicate during which time frame an address for a place was in use.
Note that some researchers on the mailing list have expressed they like to store address changes in notes connected to a place, instead of in the alternate location tab. This because in general notes are exported to GEDCOM correctly and understood in other programs you might want to use the information.
It is important to note that you could use the Location event also, or make a custom event with a naming that suits you more.
Try it out
There is no standard method of storing addresses in GRAMPS. Try out the two methods, and use what works for you.
Note the following:
- Address is not always well supported in other genealogy applications.
- Alternate location of place used in GRAMPS is not present in many other applications. You might consider recording this in notes instead.
- Events are supported by all programs you use, as is the default place location.


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Some pupils think that friction arises only when there is motion.
Furthermore, few pupils understand that the size of the friction force matches the externally applied force, up to a limit (for any given pair of surfaces).
The following worksheets may help to identify whether students hold this particular misconception.
For more information, see the University of York EPSE website.
Resource that Address This
Source - SPT/ Fo02PN08
This resource gives an accessible explanation of friction.View Resource
How can you tell if there is friction? (5-11)
Source - SPT/ Mf03TL02
An activity to explore that friction exists between all surfaces, moving and tending to move - slip and grip.View Resource
Friction between solid surfaces (11-16)
Source - Practical physics/ Force and motion/ Friction, turning and other effects
Part 4 is particularly relevantView Resource
The following studies have documented this misconception:


The bitcoin white paper says that spent transactions get pruned after being buried behind enough blocks:
 1. Reclaiming Disk Space
At some future point after a transaction gets pruned, couldn't the original recipient of that transaction then claim that she did not receive the correct amount of payment without worrying about anyone being able to disprove her because the transaction no longer exists in the blockchain?
Sure, but so what? I can make all kinds of false claims that nobody can disprove.
We only care about two things:
1) Can someone who actually has funds prove that they have those funds?
2) Can we ensure that somebody who does not have funds cannot prove that they have funds?
So long as we meet these two criteria, there is no problem. It's perfectly fine if people can make claims to have funds that we cannot disprove, so long as they cannot prove them.
Your Answer


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Training in Sports
11.1 Meaning and concept of sports training
11.2 Principles of sports training
11.3 Warming up and limbering down
11.4 Load, Adaptation, and recovery
11.5 Skill, technique and style
11.6 Symptoms of overload and how to overcome it
11.7 Concept of free playFig: Sports trainingTRAINING IN SPORTS
11.1 Meaning and concept of sports training
Training has been referred to as a systematic exercise of effort for a considerable time, to develop the ability to five greater loads, especially for competitions. Sports training provides the other with the basic means to adapt to his particular stressor, through controlled exercise. This adaptation on the part of an athletes body answered, that his body is prepared fora greater load, This process is called training
Concept of Training :- Training for achieving something of for competition is not a new idea, with the passage of time more time and efforts are being devoted to training of preparation for competitions, with the invention of new techniques every now and then in the field of athletics, weight training methods has shown very encouraging results.
Training for any game or event has become very technical and a scientific approach is needed to get the desired results.
11.2 Principles of Sports Training
The principles of laws of sports training as follows:-
1. Principles of continuity
2. The principle of overload
3. The principle of Individual Differences
4. Principles of general and speech preparation
5. Principles of progression
6. Principles of specificity
7. Principles of variety
8. The principle of warmup and cool down
9. Principles of rest and recovery.
10. Warming up and Limbering Down
11.3 Warming up: It is a short-term activity carried out prior to any server or skilled activities. Warming up is an initial for a competition. Through such a workout we try to bring the group of muscles expected to take part in the activity to follow. It is primarily preparatory activity in which physiological and physiological of an athlete for the main activityFig: Warm upTypes of Worm up- (1) General Warm-up
(2) Specific warm-up
Limbering down or cooling down:-
At the and of the training session or competition, athletes are normally advised to worm down. This is done normally in the shape of light but continuous activity such as jogging or walking for some time at the end of the event. Such an activity after the competition of on activity after the competition of on event is called limbering down or cooling down.
11.4 Load [LOAD, ADAPTATION, AND RECOVERY]
1. Load:- The load is defined as weight or source of pressure. It is generally called an external stressor. It can also be explained as the amount of work to be done by a person or a machine. In the training of an athlete as a player, it refers to the total amount of work expected from him on a daily, weekly or monthly basis, heading in training can be done in various ways, therefore load is known a work of exercise that a sports person performs in a training can be done in various ways. A person performs in a training session.
2. Adaptation:- Continued exposure to an extra load in the training of an athlete leads to an adjustment in his body function that enables him to bear the extra load without feeling uneasiness. To obtain a higher degree of adaptation the lead or stressor should be increased gradually, overloading no doubt leads to adaptation.
Recovery means the restoration of the body to a normal state after a period of intense training for competition. This period is also referred to a period of regeneration during which stressor related efforts are gradually eliminated. The increase in heart rate and respiratory rate depends on the intensity of the workout.
Fig: RecoveryThe time take by an individual's pulse rate to come down to 80-85 beats per minute would be the recovery period. During the recovery period, the body's resting state is restored.
11.5 Skill [SKILL, TECHNIQUE, AND STYLE]
1. Skill is an element of performance that enables the performer to do a large amount of work with little effort. The apparent visible ease of muscular work indicates a skillful movement or performance. In other words, it can be said that skill is the ability to do something well. Skill is that are unnatural and complex can be learned more easily if the different elements in the movements can be separated and learned by parts.
It means the way of doing a particular task scientifically. This way of doing a thing should be based on scientific principles and be effective in achieving an aim. It is a basic movement of any sports or event. We can say that a technique is a way of performing the skill.
It is the manner of doing something that is characteristics of a particular person or pattern. It may or may not be based on sound principles. A style of doing a movement, If perfect, looks graceful and appealing. It is an individuals expression of technique in motor action, there fare each sportsperson due to his specific physical and biological capacities realize the technique in a different way. symptoms of overload and how to overcome it
11.6 What is overload?
Overload is not something that only needs to be applied on a daily basis, it must be applied over a lifetime of training. The final principle deals with the importance of applying overload logically overtime.Fig: Overloading in sportsDuring training, which is beyond the capacity is known as overload.
Causes of overload
There can be various causes of over-load It could be because of various factors. How to Overcome Over Load
a) Through observation
b) Plan the training
c) Proper Nutrition
d) Psychological strategies
e) Social Interaction
11.7 Free - Play
— "Play is fun"! This is how children usually respond when asked about the play. But the play is more than just fun. The play is engaging voluntary and spontaneous. Free play is a way for children to learn more about. 'Who they are'? and "What they can do".
— All children have a right to play. It is a process by which children learn. Good quality play opportunity has a significant impact on child development.
— Play allows children to use their creativity while developing their imagination, dexterity, physical, cognitive and emotional strength. The play is important to healthy brain development.
— It is through play that children a very early age engage and interact in the world around them.


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Marathon Monday highlights
Today is Patriots Day in Massachusetts, the day the Boston Marathon is traditionally run. For the second year in a row, it's a day without a race. In past years, we've used the marathon as a metaphor to convey various tips to help students strengthen executive function skills. As we remember highlights of marathons past, here are some of our Marathon Monday TOTW highlights.
- Intrinsic motivation, commitment, and working toward a goal
- Keep pace, stay focused, and the follow the process
- When things don't go as planned
- "A marathon is hundreds of miles. The finish is the last 26.2."
Wishing everyone a relaxing and enjoyable Patriots Day!


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|Beyond Awareness Raising: Community Lessons about Improving Responses to HIV/AIDS|
AUTHOR: International HIV/AIDS Alliance
"Community Lessons, Global Learning" is a partnership between the International HIV/AIDS Alliance and Glaxo Wellcome's Positive Action programme. This first report shares lessons about responding to HIV/AIDS between communities, countries and continents. Although the primary focus of the document is on community responses to HIV/AIDS, Section 5 of the report discusses gender, sexuality and sexual health. The "Community Lessons, Global Learning" programme - and, therefore, this report - draws lessons from the Alliance's experience in supporting HIV/AIDS prevention and care strategies which deals with the provision of information and raising awareness about the epidemic.
Article can be accessed on-line here in PDF format.
To view PDF documents you will need to download and install Adobe Acrobat Reader. The program is available for free through the Adobe website, download here. More help is available on PDF documents and Adobe Acrobat Reader here.


What you need to know about the wheel visualizer
In this video, we'll explain the wheel visualization engine that powers Visual Basic for Applications and Wheel Visualizer, an Excel application for visualizing data using a wheel.
The visualizer takes a list of wheel data points, places them on a screen, and shows the visualization on a graph.
We'll cover the wheel data analysis, data visualization basics, and how to create custom wheel visualizations in this video.
This is a video series about Visual Basic visualizations, and we're offering it at no charge to our customers.
If you want to try Visual Basic, but don't have access to a computer or a network connection, then this video is the one for you.
Download the video: 1.
What is the wheel Visualizer?
The wheel Visualization engine is a powerful tool that enables visualizing wheel data in a variety of formats, including visual graphs, pie charts, and charts.
In this tutorial, we show you how to use the wheel to visualize data using data in Visual Basic.
We explain how to format data in the Visual Basic data files, as well as how to insert data into the data using the Insert menu.
To learn more about wheel visualization, we also show you what data visualization can look like using the VBA and Visual Basic Editor in Visual Studio.
To view the video, go to Visual Studio, go into Tools, and then click File.
This video is available for free to our members.
You can find more information about Visual Studio at Visual Studio Help.
If the video does not load, click the gear icon to the left of the video title to view the fullscreen version of the page.
You will also see a progress bar at the bottom of the screen, indicating how long it will take to load.
We recommend that you click the "Download" button to save the video to your computer.
You'll also notice that we've added a download link for the video at the end of this video as well.
When you're finished, click on the blue "Save" button at the top of the Video page.
After you save, the video will download to your PC. 2.
Why use a wheel visualization?
There are several reasons why you might want to use a visualizer in your wheel visualization.
The first is for performance reasons.
A visualizer is faster to load and run than an Excel spreadsheet or other spreadsheet that uses the same data format.
You don't need to worry about formatting or tabbing data into a column, and the visualization can run on your machine without any network connectivity.
In addition, a visualizers visualizations are generally much faster to produce, as they only require a single wheel data point to run.
The next reason is for aesthetics.
If your data visualization is simple, like a bar chart or bar graph, then a visualizing engine is usually more appropriate than an actual data visualizer.
You're usually not interested in having a visually stunning visual that looks like a graphic, but a visually pleasing visualization that looks pretty and is easier to understand.
For example, a bar graph or bar chart visualizer can be very complicated, and it can take a lot of time to get it to run on a computer.
In contrast, a wheel visualization lets you quickly build a visual that can be quickly visualized.
The third reason is to avoid having to deal with data in different formats.
If a visualized data source has a variety and variety of data types, a graphical visualization of that data can make it hard to visualise all of the data in each of the different data types.
Visualizing data in visual formats helps make data visual easier to visualize in different ways.
For more information, see the Visualization Engine Overview.
How do I create my own wheel visualizers?
To create your own visualizations using Visual Basic and the wheel, you can use the VB.exe file editor or the Visual Studio Tools menu item to create a new Visual Basic application.
If Visual Basic isn't already installed on your computer, you'll need to install it first.
To create a Visual Basic Visualizer from the Visual Solution Explorer, go back to the VisualSolution Explorer window and select the Visual Application.
In the Visual application window, click File and click New.
This will create a New Visual Application, and when it finishes, it will open a window named New Visual Solution.
On the New Visual Project, select the data source data type that you want the visualizer to visualizes, and click OK.
If all went well, you should see a list called "Data" on the right-hand side of the Visual solution window.
This list contains data types for which you can visualize the visualization, and for which the Visualizer can create the visualizations.
How to create your custom visualizations article The Visual Basic language and data visualization language are two different versions of the same programming language.
The language used to create the code
Video game visualizers: A step-by-step guide to visualizing games
This article is about visualizers, a set of tools to create games.
It's a subject that's come up in several video game communities recently.
I'm going to talk about some of the tools and what you need to do to make your own, and how to use them.
I can't recommend visualizers enough.
They have a large community and a wide range of tools available to them.
They're extremely versatile and they can be used to create anything from simple video game scenes to complex animations.
In fact, visualizers can even be used for some of today's biggest gaming titles.
I think it's really important to start with the basics and then move onto the more advanced features and tricks.
So what are visualizers?
Visualizers are basically tools for creating games.
They work like this: you create an image of a game, then you use a tool like the Wireshark software to record the frames of the game.
It takes a few seconds to record a frame of a video game and then you save the captured image to a file.
You can then use a program like Final Cut Pro to make the game look as good as it can.
There are a few visualizers out there and they're all designed to work with one or more video game engines, like FinalCut Pro X, Adobe Premiere, or Final Cut Studio.
The most popular visualizers are Unity and Photoshop, which are both great.
Unity is the popular tool, and it's easy to learn and very versatile.
For example, I've found Unity to work great with games like Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children, The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time, and Final Fantasy Tactics Advance.
There's also the Free Edition of Unity that includes a few advanced features like the ability to create 3D graphics, animations, and even live tiles.
There are also the Visual Studio and Unity plugins that allow you to make games with more advanced tools, like animation effects and music.
But the thing is that all of these tools are free, and that means they're free to use, so there's nothing to worry about.
Visualizers are just tools for making games.
The only requirement is that you have a computer with a powerful enough graphics card and enough memory to do all of the processing that goes into making your game.
You'll need to use an internet connection to access these tools, and I strongly suggest that you use one that supports at least 4G.
That's because some of these visualizers won't work with a connection that doesn't support 4G, and 4G-only connections will result in slow frame rates and low quality.
You also have to understand that if you're creating a game using these visualizer tools, you're making it on the web, so if you want to make sure that you're not breaking the law or breaking the site you're hosting, you'll need a web browser with JavaScript enabled.
For this reason, the Visualizer tools are a little tricky to use on the iPhone.
If you're using an older browser like Chrome, you won't be able to use the web visualizer on the iPad, but it'll work on the new iPad with a JavaScript enabled browser.
If that doesn
Why the GOP will not go into the winter with a $1 trillion debt limit increase
The House passed a $19 trillion spending bill Friday night that will give the House the power to raise the nation's debt limit through the end of the month.
The measure was backed by Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky.
The House is expected to vote on the measure Wednesday.
Democrats were disappointed, but Democrats did not want to risk the possibility of a government shutdown in the middle of the year.
House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., said that the GOP is playing politics with the American people and that it is "unprecedented and irresponsible" to put the nation into a default.
"Republicans are playing politics," Pelosi said on CNN.
"They're putting the blame for a shutdown on the American public."
Republicans have been urging President Donald Trump to use the threat of a shutdown to negotiate a new debt ceiling deal with Democrats.
Republicans argue that their strategy will not only keep the government funded but also allow them to pass tax cuts, increase the size of the debt limit and negotiate an extension of the federal government's borrowing authority.
"We don't need a shutdown, we need a deal," House Speaker Paul Ryan, R of Wisconsin, told Fox News Friday.
"And we're working with the Senate, we're doing the best we can to get a deal done, and that's what we're trying to do."
Ryan said the president will likely make a decision on whether to use his power to negotiate new debt limit increases by March 10, but he added that the decision is a "long shot."
"There's no chance of him actually raising the debt ceiling," Ryan said.
"But there is a chance he could negotiate a deal.


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Science Museum unwraps a "sweet" exhibition
A "tasty" exhibition to reveal the biology, chemistry, physiology and psychology of the world of candy was unwrapped at the Hong Kong Science Museum today (June 26) and will run until October 28.
"Candy Unwrapped", featuring 17 groups of interactive exhibits, will satisfy the mind of visitors even as it tickles their taste buds through looking at, smelling and tasting the exhibits.
Speaking at the opening ceremony of the exhibition today, the Assistant Director (Heritage and Museums) of Leisure and Cultural Services, Dr Louis Ng, said the Hong Kong Science Museum organised this exhibition to give children an educational and entertaining experience for the summer holidays.
"Candy is not only for kids. Chocolate is also a favourite of ladies. With stories about romantic memories and magical powers of chocolate, visitors will learn about the rich history and culture of candy and other yummy treats from around the world. We believe the exhibition will enable all family members, young and old, to discover the fun and the science and psychology behind the candy," Dr Ng said.
Produced by the Ontario Science Centre in collaboration with Ybrick Design 3D Inc, "Candy Unwrapped" invites visitors to bring their taste buds for some sensational sugary science. Visitors can examine the structure and many uses of sugar, which is more than just a sweet treat and has qualities that are useful in many things. They can see how sugar has been used to preserve food, bind concrete and even heal wounds. They are also invited to walk across the face of an enlarged sugar crystal to learn about the various phases of crystallisation, the beauty of nature's final design, and what sugar crystals have in common with stacks of oranges in a supermarket.
Visitors can explore how taste and other senses, such as sight and smell, are used by the human body to determine what tastes good. Using their taste buds, they can learn the biological point of puckering by experiencing the super sour challenge, and discover the difference between taste and flavour through participating in a jelly bean test.
The rich history and cultural diversity of candy and other treats from around the world are featured in the exhibition. Visitors can discover the fascinating stories behind treats from a dozen countries, from Chinese ginger candies to Nigerian puff-puffs. Some unusual past and present candies are also on display, and visitors will learn through the exhibits why some of them are still popular in modern times.
The exhibition will detail the history of chocolate, including different forms of chocolate that have emerged over thousands of years and how chocolate bars are made. Visitors can also experience how candies bring back romantic memories, and find out whether chocolate is always associated with romance, or is it simply a psychological effect? Visitors can discover more by entering into a boudoir to learn about the cultural legacy and intriguing chemical properties of chocolate.
Visitors can jump on the energy burn bike and pedal for one minute to find out the calories of a sugar cube and how many calories they can burn off in 60 seconds. They will learn about the way their body creates and uses energy and which types of food energy work best for them. Kids can design and draw their own candy wrapper or jump on the cushy giant tongue and learn about the sensory complexity of the human tongue.
Admission to "Candy Unwrapped" is $35 with half-price concession for full-time students, people with disabilities and senior citizens aged 60 or above. "Free Admission on Wednesdays" and the Museum Weekly Pass will not apply to this exhibition.
The Science Museum is located at 2 Science Museum Road, Tsim Sha Tsui East, Kowloon. It is open from 1pm to 9pm from Monday to Friday, and from 10am to 9pm on Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays. It is closed on Thursdays (except public holidays).
For details of the exhibition and related programmes, visit the Science Museum's website (hk.science.museum). For enquiries, please call 2732 3232.
Ends/Friday, June 26, 2009
Climbing up an enlarged sugar crystal, the "Crystal Mountain", visitors can learn about the various phases of crystallisation and the beauty of nature's final design.
The exhibit, "Delectable Delights", allows visitors to learn about treats from around the world and how some of these treats taste surprisingly like some of our familiar foods.
Jumping on the "Taste Bud Tango", a cushy giant tongue, visitors can learn about the sensory complexity of the human tongue.
"A Bar is Born" details the history of chocolate, including different forms of chocolate that have emerged over thousands of years and how chocolate bars are made.
Chocolate has long been considered an aphrodisiac. Is this a scientific fact or sexy myth? Visitors can discover more by entering into "Romancing the Bean" to learn about the cultural legacy and intriguing chemical properties of chocolate.