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Unlocking Shared Buying Power: The Key to Discounted Rates
Maximizing Savings with Collective Purchasing
There is power in numbers, and this concept is particularly relevant when it comes to shared buying power. In today's consumer-driven society, individuals are consistently looking for ways to stretch their hard-earned dollars. One innovative solution that has gained significant traction is collective purchasing, where like-minded individuals join forces to negotiate discounted rates for goods and services. By pooling their resources and leveraging their combined buying power, participants can unlock substantial savings that would otherwise be unattainable as individual buyers.
Creativity in the Corporate World
Forward-thinking companies have recognized the potential of shared buying power and have developed innovative platforms to facilitate collective purchasing. These platforms bring together individuals with similar needs, allowing them to unite their buying power and access exclusive deals. From bulk discounts on everyday essentials to special rates on luxury items, the possibilities are endless. This trend not only benefits consumers but also provides businesses with a unique opportunity to connect with their target audience and build brand loyalty.
Accessing Unparalleled Deals and Discounts
Shared buying power enables consumers to access deals and discounts that are otherwise out of reach. By joining forces, participants can negotiate better rates with vendors and service providers, unlocking bulk discounts and exclusive offers. Whether it's procuring a fleet of vehicles for a rideshare service or collaborating on a group vacation, the savings achieved through collective purchasing can be substantial.
Furthermore, shared buying power extends beyond the realm of physical goods and services. In recent years, there has been a surge in collective purchasing for intangible assets such as digital subscriptions, memberships, and even investments. By pooling their financial resources, individuals can gain access to otherwise unaffordable opportunities, such as exclusive investment funds or premium streaming services.
Empowering Communities through Collaborative Consumption
Shared buying power not only benefits individuals but also paves the way for collaborative consumption within communities. By working together, neighbors, coworkers, and friends can amplify their purchasing potential, creating a ripple effect of savings throughout the community. This collaborative approach not only strengthens social bonds but also fosters economic growth by encouraging local businesses to offer attractive discounts to the collective group. Through collective purchasing, communities can create a win-win situation where everyone benefits.
The Future of Collective Purchasing
As technology continues to advance, the potential for shared buying power is expected to grow exponentially. Emerging platforms and apps are streamlining the process of collective purchasing, making it more accessible and convenient for individuals to join forces and secure discounted rates. Additionally, the rise of social media allows like-minded individuals to connect and collaborate on collective purchasing initiatives, further expanding the reach and impact of this innovative concept.
The future of collective purchasing holds exciting possibilities, with potential applications in various industries. From healthcare cooperatives that negotiate lower medical costs to group insurance schemes that provide affordable coverage to all members, the opportunities are endless. By harnessing the power of shared buying power, individuals can create a more equitable and cost-effective society.
In conclusion, shared buying power is a game-changer in today's consumer landscape. By pooling resources and leveraging collective bargaining, individuals can unlock unparalleled discounts and access exclusive deals. As collaborative consumption gains momentum, the potential savings and benefits for both individuals and communities are limitless. As we look to the future, it is evident that shared buying power will continue to revolutionize the way we shop, offering a gateway to discounted rates and a more economically sustainable society. Dive deeper into the topic and discover new viewpoints using this handpicked external material. what Does Temu stand For.
Read the related posts we've chosen and enrich your knowledge:


text:
Does Environmental Economics Produce Aeroplanes Without Engines? On the Need for an Environmental Social Science
Research output: Contribution to journal › Letter
In this paper we first critically review conventional environmental economics. We conclude that the standard theory offers too narrow a perspective for many real world problems and that many theories are not empirically tested. Consequently, environmental economics is at risk of producing aeroplanes without engines. Next, we welcome and discuss some recent trends, particularly the rapid developments of behavioural and new institutional economics as well as the increased interest in empirical analysis. Yet, we conclude that more 'logical duels' between competing theories, more interaction between theory and empirics, and more integration between the social sciences are needed to achieve a better understanding of real world environmental problems and the development of adequate policy handles. Finally, we present an outline of steps towards the development of an environmental social science and briefly present the papers that make up this special issue as important building stones of such a discipline.
|Research areas and keywords||
Subject classification (UKÄ) – MANDATORY
|Journal||Environmental and Resource Economics|
|Publication status||Published - 2011|

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
In the weak interaction limit, behaviors of electrons can still be described by a 1-partitcle equation with a modified mass, where the change in mass can be understood as effects of other neighboring electrons as a single electron drags along. Since the cluster of electrons couples to gravity as usual, then the effective mass of a quasi-particle couples to gravity in the same way as that of a genuine electron. Moreover, the effective mass can be negative which is the case of holes which are "bubbles" in the electron liquid.
In graphene, there are massless Dirac electrons. Do they couple to the gravity?
I think what I intended to ask should be "How to incorporate effects of gravity in a many-electron system?"
(Originally I asked "do effective masses couple to gravity?")

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Child Honouring is a philosophy—a vision, an organizing principle, and a way of life—the children-first way of sustainability.
It starts with three givens:
The primacy of early years—early childhood is the gateway to humane being.
We face planetary degradation that is unprecedented in scope and scale—a state of emergency that most endangers the very young, and that requires a remedy of equal scale.
This crisis calls for a systemic response in detoxifying the environments that make up the world of the child.
Child Honouring is a children-first approach to healing communities and restoring ecosystems. It views how we regard and treat our young as the key to building a humane and sustainable world. It is a novel idea—organizing society around the priority needs of its youngest members.
The essence of the vision is expressed in A Covenant for Honouring Children and its underlying principles.
Its spirit is invitational—a call to imagine and create a diversity of child-friendly cultures. A child-honouring society would show love for its children, and thus for all of us, in every facet of its design and organization.


text: Purpose : To determine incidence, risk factors for, and outcomes of dropped nucleus (DN) during cataract surgery. Methods : This is a matched case-control study at the Aravind Eye Hospital in Madurai, India. Out of 184 consecutive DN cases, 171 were included. The case immediately preceding the DN case by the same surgeon served as matched concurrent control. The proportion of cataract surgeries with DN was calculated with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Conditional logistic regression was used to generate odds ratios for potential risk factors. Results : Among 415,487 consecutive cataract surgeries, incidence risk of DN was 0.044% [95% CI 0.038%, 0.051%], or 0.44 per 1,000 surgeries in 52 months. Significant preoperative risk factors were posterior polar cataract (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 21.73, p =.003); suspected loose zonules (aOR 8.85, p <.001); older age (aOR 1.57, p =.001); and presence of diabetes mellitus (aOR 1.79, p =.03). Associated intraoperative complications included zonular dialysis (OR 34.49, p <.001), vitreous disturbance (OR 193.36, p <.001), and posterior capsule rent (OR 384.39, p <.001). Phacoemulsification and manual small incision cataract surgery did not significantly differ in DN incidence. DN most commonly occurred during nucleus removal (35.1%) or during/immediately following hydrodissection (24.0%). Visual outcomes of DN were worse than controls on average, but 51.9% achieved visual acuity 20/40 or better at 1 month. Conclusions : DN occurred rarely, with low absolute risk even when a strong risk factor was present. Nearly all cases followed posterior capsular rent or zonular dialysis, usually with observed vitreous loss. In spite of increased risk of postoperative complications in the DN group, the majority achieved favorable results.


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DROP DEFAULT (Transact-SQL)
Removes one or more user-defined defaults from the current database.
DROP DEFAULT will be removed in the next version of Microsoft SQL Server. Do not use DROP DEFAULT in new development work, and plan to modify applications that currently use them. Instead, use default definitions that you can create by using the DEFAULT keyword of ALTER TABLE or CREATE TABLE.
Before dropping a default, unbind the default by executing sp_unbindefault if the default is currently bound to a column or an alias data type.
After a default is dropped from a column that allows for null values, NULL is inserted in that position when rows are added and no value is explicitly supplied. After a default is dropped from a NOT NULL column, an error message is returned when rows are added and no value is explicitly supplied. These rows are added later as part of the typical INSERT statement behavior.
A. Dropping a default
If a default has not been bound to a column or to an alias data type, it can just be dropped using DROP DEFAULT. The following example removes the user-created default named datedflt.
USE AdventureWorks2012; GO IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sys.objects WHERE name = 'datedflt' AND type = 'D') DROP DEFAULT datedflt GO
B. Dropping a default that has been bound to a column
The following example unbinds the default associated with the EmergencyContactPhone column of the Contact table and then drops the default named phonedflt.
USE AdventureWorks2012; GO IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sys.objects WHERE name = 'phonedflt' AND type = 'D') BEGIN EXEC sp_unbindefault 'Person.Contact.Phone' DROP DEFAULT phonedflt END GO


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Minority Business Owners—did you know that the State of Maryland has a program aimed at strengthening and preserving the state's 200,000 minority and women-owned businesses?A Minority Owned Business Enterprise (MBE) is defined as a business that is at least 51% owned, managed, and controlled by a minority person(s) as defined by state and federal laws. This includes members of socially or economically disadvantaged minority groups, such as African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, women, and physically or mentally disabled individuals. Under state law, MBEs also include not-for-profit entities organized to promote the interests of physically or mentally disabled individuals.
Useful web links are listed below.
Governor's Office of Minority AffairsMinority Business Enterprise (MBE) InformationMDOT Certification – MBE/DBE


Brown Mouse Spider
Female: dorsal
Brown Mouse Spider
Female: ventral
Brown Mouse Spider (Missulena sp ES02)Class: Animals (Animalia) - Jointed Legs (Arthropoda) - Spiders, Scorpions, Mites & Ticks (Arachnida) iNaturalist Observation
Order: Spiders (Araneae)
Family: Mouse Spider (:Mygalomorph Actinopodidae)
Species: Brown Mouse Spider (Missulena sp ES02)
This Photo: 🔍Female: anterior🔎
General Species Information:
There two unusual aspects of this specimen.
1. It's brown. But there are brown mouse spiders out there. They just don't seem to be noticed as much.
2. It's a female. Now typically these are only seen when someone has accidentally dug up their burrow.
But we found this one just walking around in the daytime. Perhaps a bird dug up it's borrow? It is injured, with a big gash on it's head.
Copyright © 2020-2021 Brett & Marie Smith. All Rights Reserved. Photographed 24-Apr-2020


Which Countries are Most Similar to United Arab Emirates?
Have you ever wondered how similar or different two countries are? The Country Similarity Index attempts to quantify how similar countries are to each other relative to other countries. The index is a statistically-based objective way to measure this. The index weights equally five major aspects of countries: their demographics, culture, politics, technology, and geography. In addition each aspect was roughly balanced evenly between quantity/percentage and quality/type. See this post for a full explanation: _URL_
Similar to countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council
The top 5 countries most similar to the United Arab Emirates are all part of the Gulf Cooperation Council. The GCC is similar to the European Union in that people and goods are allowed to flow freely between their countries (although this is not the case for Qatar since 2017). Furthermore, while these countries do not have a shared currency, all of their currencies have a fixed exchange rate with the US dollar. They are also all monarchies and are some of the richest Arab countries.
Top 10 Places Most Similar to the United Arab Emirates
 1. Qatar is another country on the Persian Gulf Coast that was once a British protectorate. Both countries are highly developed and have a massive amount of male immigrants, especially from India. However, political relations between the United Arab Emirates and Qatar have broken down recently. The UAE government has even banned travel to it. Despite this, these countries have an incredibly high degree of similarity.
 2. Bahrain is an island in the Persian Gulf, near Qatar. It is also quite similar to the UAE. One difference is that most Bahrainis are Shi'tes, not Sunnis. The country also has less immigrants than those countries.
 3. Kuwait is a small oil-rich country between Saudi Arabia and Iraq. Like Bahrain, it has many Shi'ites, although they are not the majority. It relies more on oil than gas to generate electricity, unlike the other countries on this list.
 4. Oman is located to the south of the United Arab Emirates. It is more conservative than the UAE and has less tourists. In stark contrast to other countries on this list, it does not have any skyscrapers. In fact, they are illegal. Furthermore, most of its people are Ibadis, not Sunnis.
 5. Saudi Arabia is another oil-rich Muslim country with a high level of development. However, UAE is far more cosmopolitan than Saudi Arabia. Its laws are more liberal and nearly 90% of its inhabitants are immigrants. In addition, UAE is much more densely populated.
 6. Jordan, 7. Egypt, 8. Iraq, 9. Libya, 10. Lebanon
Top 10 Places Least Similar to the United Arab Emirates
 1. Burundi is a densely populated, landlocked African country. It was a colony of Belgium, before becoming independent. So it is mostly Catholic and one of its official languages is French. It is one of the poorest countries in the world, in contrast to the UAE.
 2. Papua New Guinea is a tropical Christian country in the Pacific Ocean. In contrast to the deserts of UAE, it is one of the wettest countries on Earth. While UAE is highly developed, Papua New Guinea has little infrastructure. Like Burundi, it is also a Christian country, but it is mostly Protestant. One similarity is that it both were controlled by Britain.
 3. Lesotho is another poor Christian country on this list. It is completely surrounded by South Africa. Although both countries are monarchies, Lesotho's monarch only has ceremonial powers and the government is mostly democratic.
 4. Mozambique is a tropical country, next to Malawi. It was a colony of Portugal before its independence. Although it is mostly Christian, it has the highest percentage of Muslims on this list with around 20%. Its technology is also far different from UAE, since it drives on the left, has different electrical outlets, and uses a different train gauge.
 5. Democratic Republic of Congo, like Burundi, is another former Belgian colony that is extremely poor. In contrast to UAE, a vast majority of its land is forested. In addition, it also has little demographic or cultural similarity to UAE as well.
 6. Madagascar, 7. East Timor, 8. Haiti, 9. Rwanda, 10. Malawi
 Full Ranking of Countries and Territories Most Similar to the United Arab Emirates
Do you agree with the list?
Please leave any thoughts in the comments section.
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If we have a variety X, over a field k, and x is a geometric point of X, and let $\bar x $be a geometric point of $X_{k^s} := X \times_k k^s $above x then we have the following short exact sequence:
$1 \rightarrow \pi_1(X_{k^s}, \bar x) \rightarrow \pi_1(X,x) \rightarrow Gal(k) \rightarrow 1$
Implicit in this is a choice of $k^s$ (if you want, this is a choice of geometric point, z, on Spec(k); $\pi_1(Spec(k), z)=Gal(k)$).
suppose f is a spliting of this short exact sequence, then consider the image of f,denote by Im(f),it is a subgroup of $\pi_1(X,x) $.Then is there any understanding of the the subgroup of $\pi_1(X,x) $generated by {Im(f)|all spliting f}? And when will it be the full group $\pi_1(X,x)$?
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1 Answer 1
up vote 2 down vote accepted
First a remark : you have to suppose $X$ geometrically connected to get this exact sequence. I don't know what kind of understanding you expect, but the answer to the question will it always be the full group $\pi_1(X,x)$ is certainly no. The reason is that there are explicit examples (of proper smooth curves over a number field) when there are no sections at all. These examples due to Stix and Harari-Szamuely, are not easy to construct. Since a rational point provides a section up to conjugacy by functoriality of the étale fundamental group, such curves obviously possess no rational points. As you certainly know, the section conjecture predicts (in the case of proper smooth curves over a number field say) a bijection between rational points and conjugacy classes of sections, this may help to translate your question. But it looks rather difficult to me since it seems to imply a description of the set of all sections, a task supposed to be very arduous. For instance there are no known examples where one can show that the set of conjugacy classes of sections is finite non empty (for a proper smooth curve over a number field). The section conjecture, together with Faltings's theorem on the finiteness of rational points of curves of genus larger than 2, would imply the finiteness of this set of conjugacy classes of sections, though. The description of the set of sections that you use in your question is thus supposed to be a very hard task.
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I wish to know is there some case or some criterion that,we can pick some spicific finite many k points of X,thus fine many sections, like $p_1,...,p_n$, such that their images generate the full group – TOM Mar 4 '11 at 16:15
Your Answer


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Let $M$ be finitely generated Module over the Polynomial ring $R=k[x_{1},..,x_{n}]$, then there is a free resolution of M of the form $$0\rightarrow F_{n}\rightarrow...\rightarrow F_{0}\rightarrow M\rightarrow 0$$ We can write the free modules in the form $F_{i}=\bigoplus_{j\in \mathbb{Z} } R(-j)^{\beta_{i,j}}$, these numbers $\beta_{i,j}$ are called betti numbers, my question is how to show that $$\beta_{i,j}= \dim_{k}\; \text{Tor}_{i}^{R}(M,k)_{j}$$.
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What is $S$?${}$ – Rasmus May 30 '12 at 11:46
sorry, it is R. – kiranovalobas May 30 '12 at 14:56
1 Answer 1
up vote 2 down vote accepted
Here is a hint. In order to compute the Tor groups you're interested in, you have to apply $-\otimes_R k$ to your resolution then take homology. The terms of your resolution are sums of (shifts of) free modules, so because $R\otimes_R k=k$, you understand all the terms in $F_* \otimes _R k$. If your resolution is such that the images of the differentials $F_i \to F_{i+1}$ are contained in $(x_1,\ldots,x_n)F_{i+1}$, then the induced differential on $F_* \otimes _R k$ is zero. That makes it easy to calculate homology, and therefore Tor...
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text:
DEFINING MOMENTS Downloadable Lessons
Publication Date: 3/2009
The first encounter between Christopher Columbus and the inhabitants of Hispaniola was the beginning of widespread exchanges across the hemispheres—food, goods, gold, and, to the devastation of many Native Americans, disease. With this Defining Moment, students investigate this momentous meeting, and speculate: What if it had been the Europeans who carried home a highly infectious and deadly disease?
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MLS to implement concussion substitution initiative
I can't speak specifically to his concussion history, but Elliot Panicco wears the relevant headgear, so. Courtesy Nashville SC?Major League Soccer
From League release:
NEW YORK (Monday, April 5, 2021) – Continuing its role as a leader in prioritizing player safety, Major League Soccer today announced that the league will participate in FIFA's concussion substitute pilot program.
A concussion task force comprised of sporting and medical leaders from MLS, NWSL, U.S. Soccer, the USL, and NISA, have worked collaboratively to implement the initiative and have been approved by The IFAB and FIFA to participate in the trial.
Beginning in 2021, Major League Soccer teams will be allowed to make up to two concussion substitutes during a match to replace players suffering from a concussion or a suspected concussion, regardless of the number of substitutions already used. Providing clubs an additional two concussion substitutes allows teams to make substitutions in the interest of player health and safety, without being placed at a competitive disadvantage.
MLS teams will have the following three types of substitutions available each game:
 - Normal Substitutes: A continuation from 2020, each club hasfive normal substitutes available to make over three separate opportunities. throughout an MLS match. Any substitutions made during halftime, or between regulation and extra time, or between the two halves of extra time in the postseason will not count as one of the three opportunities.
 - Concussion Substitutes: Each team will be permitted to make up to two concussion substitutions only during instances of suspected concussions. A concussion substitution can be made immediately after a concussion occurs or is suspected, after an on-field assessment, and/or off-field assessment, or at any other time when a concussion occurs or is suspected. This includes when a player has previously been assessed and has returned to the field of play.
 - Additional Substitutes : If a team uses a concussion substitution, the opposing team will receive an additional substitution that will be available to use only after all five of its normal substitutions have been made. If a team makes a second concussion substitution, the opponent receives another additional substitution opportunity.
Each club's technical staff will be responsible for designating the substitution type by providing the Fourth Official with the appropriate color substitution card: white for a normal substitution, pink for a concussion substitute, and blue for an additional substitute.
While referees may stop play due to a suspected head injury, the match officials will not be a part of the decision-making process to determine whether a player should or should not be replaced, nor will they determine if a normal substitute or a concussion substitute should be used.
MLS will also continue to utilize the medical spotter program through which trained professionals monitor the match broadcast to identify potential head injuries and possible concussions. Those medical spotters are able to quickly provide video to the Venue Medical Director at the fourth officials table to assist in assessing head injuries and possible concussions.
The IFAB has set an initial 20-month trial period to test the concussion substitutes initiative in competitions around the world through Aug. 31, 2022. During its Annual General Meeting in March 2022, The IFAB will decide whether to extend the trial period or whether to make a decision on implementing concussion substitutes into the Laws of the Game.
Additional information on The IFAB's concussion substitutes trials can be found here.
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text:
Excel - Movie Expenses for Two
Create an Excel Chart Showing Movie Expenses for Two
Instructions: A student and a family member go to the movies and buy two movie tickets along with some food and drinks. Students should select as many items as they can from the Mega Movies menu and price list without spending more than $55.00. Students create a spreadsheet using the items and prices chosen from the list. Students use a formula (SUM) to calculate the total cost. Students create a chart illustrating their movie expenses.
Mega Movies Menu and Price List:
Excel - Movie Expenses Chart - Finished Example
Excel Spreadsheet Rubric for Grading Assignments:
Make a Chart in Excel - A Two Minute Tutorial
This video shows you how to make a chart like the one in this assignment. It shows you how to increase the font size, widen a column, merge and center the title, format numbers with the dollar sign, total a column of numbers with autosum, create the chart, and change the colors of the chart column bars.
This video is available in HD.
For PC's and Microsoft Office


text:
"What is the difference between a Blue Point Himalayan and a Lilac Point Himalayan."
That is a question that can be hard to explain. So, I took two close up pictures of my Himalayans' faces to show the difference between the two Color Points. As you can see below the Blue Point Himalayan is darker than the Lilac Point Himalayan. Also, Lilac Points have lavender pawpads and nose leather; whereas, Blue Points do not.
Note: The Lilac Point below is still just a kitten. His Mask will eventually be larger.


text:
In an attempt to mitigate the environmental impact of 3D printing, several organizations have taken to creating recycled filament, made not only from failed prints but from water bottles and other garbage. Inexpensive filament extruders are also available to allow makers to make their own filament from recyclable materials. Not only does recycled filament help the environment, but it also helps 3D printer users to save money and be more self-sufficient, making the technology more viable in remote communities.
3D printer manufacturer re:3D has been working on making their Gigabot 3D printer capable of printing with recycled materials, for the purpose of helping those in remote communities to become more self-sufficient. In a paper entitled "Fused Particle Fabrication 3-D Printing: Recycled Materials' Optimization and Mechanical Properties," a team of researchers used an open source prototype Gigabot X 3D printer to test and optimize recycled 3D printing materials.


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Communities far from the southern border are taking extra steps to integrate new Hispanic residents.
The Hispanic population is growing more rapidly than other segments of the U.S. population, according to U.S. Census Bureau data released in May, so a growing number of local governments are working to integrate Latinos into their communities. Many cities are establishing liaison offices, improving communication with, helping immigrants learn English, and creating programs and events that help all residents embrace cultural diversity.
Latinos are not integrating as well as Asians, blacks and non-Hispanic white immigrants, according to the Washington-based Migration Policy Institute's report "Immigrants in the United States: How Well Are They Integrating into Society?," which was published in May. The report says Hispanics' progress — while occurring — has been slower in the areas of English proficiency, income, education, homeownership in integrated neighborhoods, legal status, voter registration and intermarriage.
Lack of integration can lead to a general feeling of not belonging and, therefore, a lack of participation in the political process and community activities, according to the Washington-based' (NLC). "Municipal Innovations in Immigrant Integration" report. The points out that immigrants sometimes become victims of crimes and, if they are undocumented, often fail to report the crimes for fear of being deported. Also, because immigrants may not know their tenant and property rights, landlords and others in the industry can take advantage of them. They also might not receive community messages about mental and other health issues and how to be screened and treated for them.
Having a plan to help immigrants integrate into the community is key to overcoming the hurdles that the Hispanic community is facing, says Ricardo Gambetta, NLC's manager of Immigrant Integration Programs. To aid struggling cities, NLC is supporting the creation of New American Citizens' Academies in several cities to help new residents who are going through or who have recently completed the naturalization process learn about the local government. NLC also encourages local governments to work with state agencies, provide input to the federal government regarding a nationwide strategy on immigration, create mayoral advisory boards on immigration issues and ensure that any plan includes a strategy across all agencies.
Cities need to tailor their approaches to integrating Hispanic residents based on those residents' specific needs, Gambetta says. "Every city is different and unique," he says. "The issue is complex, and we focus on promoting city engagement. We believe cities are integral in the integration of immigrant communities."


Twilio on Rails
By Chris Rittersdorf on 20 Jan 2012
The use of smart phones is on the rise, however SMS text messaging is still the best way to reach the broadest customer base, especially in developing countries. If you have a Ruby on Rails application that needs to reach this broad customer base, Twilio is an excellent tool to have in your toolbox.
It's easy to add Twilio to a Rails application. This post will walk you through the process of integrating Rails with Twilio, including:
 - Signing Up for a Twilio Account
 - Testing with Twilio's Sandbox App
 - Integrating Twilio with a Rails Application
 - Configuring your Twilio enabled Rails application for Production
Let's get started!
Signing Up for Twilio
Signing up for Twilio is as simple as providing your name, email and password. After you sign up and log in for the first time, you are taken to the Dashboard. This will give you plenty of information to get started. Upon signing up, you are given $30 in credits to get started. These credits are spent every time a text message is sent or received by Twilio.
Twilio Dashboard
In the bottom left section of your dashboard, you'll see a box called Sandbox App. The Twilio Sandbox is where you want to do development work with Twilio. The Sandbox not only lets you test out your SMS enabled application without burning through credits, but it also lets you lock down which mobile phones can send text messages to it and which mobile phones it can send text messages to. This is in contrast to the live account which consumes credits, and can send and receive text messages to and from any mobile phone. Now that you know what the Sandbox is, let's try it out.
Testing Your Account Using the Sandbox
To test the SMS sandbox, send a text message from your phone to the sandbox number. The content doesn't matter, it can be anything. Try texting "hello twilio". You'll then see a reply similar to this:
Sent from the Twilio Sandbox Number - Error: No PIN. Make sure you begin your message with the Sandbox PIN from your Twilio Dashboard.
Any time you interact with the Twilio Sandbox, you must provide a PIN along with all communications (whether SMS or Voice). This PIN is located below the Sandbox number on your dashboard. Enter the pin at the beginning of your text message, for example:
28910293 hello twilio
You'll then get a reply from the default Twilio Service located at:
Now that you've confirmed that your account is in working order, let's see how was can leverage service in a Ruby on Rails application.
Integrating Twilio with Your Rails Application
Web applications communicate with Twilio using an XML variant called TwiML. For example:
This section of TwiML describes how to respond to a user calling a phone number. It speaks a message during the phone call, then sends the user an SMS message. But, it's no fun writing TwiML. And since we're using Ruby, there's a gem for that! The twiliio-ruby gem abstracts TwiML into an easy to use Ruby API.
In your Rails application, simply add the twilio-ruby gem to your Gemfile:
Now you have the necessary library to start sending text messages. So now let's use it!
Sending a Text Message Using Twilio
Sending a text message with your Rails application is simple. But before doing so, there is one configuration we have to make. To test your application using the Twilio Sandbox, you'll need to white-list any phone numbers you plan to send SMS messages to. You can do this by going to the Numbers tab and clicking the Verify Number button. There is a series of steps you'll have to complete to verify your number.
Verify Phone Number
After you've verified the phone number, your application can now send text messages. The following code example show you how:
In this example, the send_text_message action receives a phone number from a form post, then relays a hard-coded message to that phone number via SMS. The twilio_sid, twilio_token, and twilio_phone_number variables contain the configuration information for authentication using the twilio-ruby gem. Generally, you'd want to pull this into a configuration file that gets loaded when your application loads, but I've put them into local variables for simplicity.
Receiving a Text Message Using Twilio
In order to receive a text message from a mobile device, you'll have to expose an endpoint that is reachable by Twilio. Here is an example:
In this example, the index action receives a POST from Twilio. It grabs the message body, and the phone number of the sender and logs it. Retrieving the information from the Twilio POST is as simple as looking at the params hash:
In order for text messages to reach your application you have to tell Twilio where to send requests. This is again done in the Sandbox App section of the Twilio Dashboard. Specify your publicly facing endpoint in the SMS URL field and click "Save".
If you're running your server locally and have no publicly facing endpoint, you can use a service like tunnlr to create one. This creates a publicly accessible URL with an SSH tunnel back to your local machine.
So the publicly facing endpoint for your application would look something like:
Configuring Twilio for Production
To deploy your SMS enabled application in a production environment, there are three things you'll need to do: buy a Twilio phone number, configure that phone number in your application, and then configure the production end-point in Twilio.
Purchasing a phone number requires you to enter payment information and decide on a phone number to provision. Twilio will guide you through the process. At the time of writing, Twilio's pricing is set at $1.00 a month plus an additional 1¢ charge per text.
Also, you will need to update the Twilio phone number in your application to the new number that you've provisioned. The examples above contained a variable with the value for a Twilio phone number. Change this value to the new phone number you provisioned.
Finally, you'll now have to configure the SMS endpoint much like how we did for the Sandbox. Click on the "Numbers > Twilio Numbers" tab. Then click on the phone number you provisioned. Finally, in the "SMS Request URL" field, specify your publicly facing production endpoint URL, then click "Save Changes".
Whether it be for those on-the-go, or those who otherwise are not able to use a computer or smart phone, SMS provides excellent alternative interface for the users of your web application. For those looking for a simple and affordable way to get started, Twilio is an outstanding option. So now that you know how to get started, what will you build using Twilio?


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Rights & Tenure in the News »
Community forest management in Mexico reduces poverty while conserving natural resources
Newspapers El Financiero and Milenio.com report on new studies that show community forest management in Mexico has reduced poverty and social inequity while simultaneously conserving natural resources. Over 2,300 forest communities have been given forest use permission in Mexico, resulting in economic growth and effective conservation of forests in these areas. The report suggests the need for a complementary system of both publicly protected areas and a framework for community managed forests in order to effectively reduce poverty and conserve natural resources.
Posted By Andrew Davis at 9:10am on May 21, 2007
This blog may contain links to external websites. These links should not be construed as endorsements by Rights and Resources of the content present. They are provided for informational purposes only.


In this post, we want to discuss about efficient way to convert DataTable to JSON String using C#. Before we get started, if you want to know about export GridView data to excel, please go through the following article: Export GridView to excel with advance feature.
JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) is a lightweight data-interchange format. It is easy for humans to read and write and easy for machines to parse and generate. JSON is a text format that is completely language-independent but uses conventions that are familiar to programmers of the C family of languages, including C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, Perl, Python and so on.
Method 1: Convert DataTable to JSON using StringBuilder. This is how the JSON sample data looks: {"firstName":"Satinder", "lastName":"Singh"}. JSON objects are written inside curly braces and can contain multiple name/values pairs. So using StringBuilder we can create a similar JSON Structured String. Since we are using StringBuilder we need to import the System.Text namespace in our page as in the following: Using System.Text;
The following code will generate a JSON string. Here we are making a for loop over our DataTable rows and columns. Fetch the data (values) and append it to our JSONString StringBuilder. This is how our code looks:
Method 2: Convert the DataTable to JSON using JavaScriptSerializer. Since we are using JavaScriptSerializer we first need to import the System.Web.Script.Serialization namespace into our page as in the following code: using System.Web.Script.Serialization;
The JavaScriptSerializer class is used internally by the asynchronous communication layer to serialize and deserialize the data. To serialize an object, use the Serialize method. To deserialize a JSON string, use the Deserialize or DeserializeObject methods. Here we use the serialize method to get the JSON format data. So our code looks as in the following:
Method 3: Convert DataTable to JSON using JSON.Net DLL (Newtonsoft). Now in this method we will convert our C# Datatable to JSON using the Newtonsoft DLL. For this first we need to download JSON.Net DLL. We can download it from and then import the Newtonsoft.JSON namespace into our page as in the following code. JSON.NET is a popular high-performance JSON framework for.NET.
Yes we are done with JSON, here's the output:
Convert DataTable to JSON String in ASP.NET C#
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Skip to definition.
Noun: detention cell
 1. A large cell where prisoners (people awaiting trial, sentence, refugees or illegal immigrants) are confined together temporarily
 - bullpen [N. Amer], detention centre [Brit, Cdn], detention center [US]
Derived forms: detention cells
Type of: cell, jail cell, prison cell


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Levels(clip clip[, float min_in, float max_in, float gamma=1.0, float min_out, float max_out, int planes=[0, 1, 2]])¶
Adjusts brightness, contrast, and gamma.
The range [min_in, max_in] is remapped into [min_out, max_out].
For example, to convert from limited range YUV to full range (8 bit):
clip = std.Levels(clip, min_in=16, max_in=235, min_out=0, max_out=255, planes=0) clip = std.Levels(clip, min_in=16, max_in=240, min_out=0, max_out=255, planes=[1,2])
The default value of max_in and max_out is the format's minimum and maximum allowed values repsectively. Can be specified for each plane individually.
- Clip to process.
- Controls the degree of non-linearity of the conversion. Values greater than 1.0 brighten the output, while values less than 1.0 darken it.
- Specifies which planes will be processed. Any unprocessed planes will be simply copied.


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I have a huge log file of around 3.5 GB and would like to sample random sections in the middle of say 10 MB for the purpose of debugging what my application is doing.
I could use head or tail commands to get the beginning or end of the file, how can I grab an arbitrary portion from the middle of the file? I guess I could do something like head -n 1.75GB | tail -n 10MB but that seems clumsy and I'd need to determine line numbers for the midpoint of the file to get 1.75GB and 10MB line counts.
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3 Answers 3
up vote 6 down vote accepted
$ dd if=big_file.bin skip=1750 ibs=1MB count=10 of=big_file.bin.part
You might want to spend some time reading and understanding dd.
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As dd is not aware of lines, you may want to trim of the first and last one, so as only complete lines are included, e.g.: dd... | head -n-1 | tail -n+2 or with sed: dd... | sed '1d; $d'. – Thor Feb 22 '13 at 10:19
You can use use tail, but by specify a byte offset.
tail -c +$START_BYTE $file | head -c $LENGTH > newfile
That way tail can jump directly to the starting point (without counting new lines) and once head matches the correct length, it stops running.
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Nice one. This works with arbitrary byte offsets and sizes, which dd can't do. – Mike Jan 9 at 0:06
You just have to write a little program to seek to some random spot and read some amount of lines.
An example in Python (reads one line, but you can modify it):
def get_random_line():
 """Return a randomly selected line from a file."""
 import random
 fo = open("/some/file.txt")
 point = random.randrange(fo.size)
 c =
 while c!= '\n' and fo.tell() > 0:
 , 1)
 c =
 line = fo.readline().strip()
 return line
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Your Answer


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Form of dance music from southwestern Louisiana, U.S., with roots in French, African American, and Afro-Caribbean styles. Similar to the music of the Cajuns (displaced French Canadians who settled in Louisiana), zydeco was created by the Creoles (those of African heritage in Louisianan French culture). Its name is thought to come from a modified pronunciation of the French phrase les haricots (the beans) heard in a popular song. The music usually features guitar, accordion, fiddle (violin), and washboard played to a driving beat, but it may also include electric guitar, electric bass, saxophone, and keyboards. It became widely popular in the 1980s through the performances of Clifton Chenier, Queen Ida, Buckwheat Zydeco, Boozoo Chavis, and others.
Next Word in the Dictionary: zygPrevious Word in the Dictionary: zwitterion All Words Near: zydeco
Seen & Heard
What made you want to look up zydeco? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).


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Here's an easy way to weld all the letters of a word together in the Design Studio:
1) With the DS open and your cursor set on the mat where you want it, type the first word (all the letters) with no spaces between them. Then, in the kern box, type "-0.25" (without the quotes) and hit the apply button. This will overlap the letters. If they overlap too much, experiment to see what overlap you like by changing the kern number.
2) Then, highlight each letter and click weld.
Here's a tip: To highlight a letter or object in DS, click on a line segment of the letter or object. This will bring up the bounding box (the one with arrows). I spent many frustrated hours trying to get the letters to highlight.
Also, another tip: If you can't get the cursor to move on the mat, adjust your double click speed. It doesn't seem to handle super fast double clicking well. Slow it up a little bit and see if that helps.
One more thing, the DS program only allows ONE computer to cut your creations. So, if you have DS, you can load it on multiple computers, in order to create things, BUT you may only cut with one of them. I assume it is the FIRST one you load DS onto. I am really cranky about this because a day after I loaded DS onto my Windows laptop, it decided it wouldn't take a charge from the power cord anymore. Arrrgghh!


What I want to do is putting in high-pass filter effect on each image constituting a video by using Adobe Premiere Pro 13.1.2.
Premiere Pro has a high-pass filter for audios but it does not have a high-pass filter for videos as far as I can see. Photoshop does.
I also have AfterEffects; the way to use it is welcome as well.
Any idea?
Thanks in advance.
The high pass plugin in Photoshop doesn't exist natively in After Effects or Premiere. The Find Edges tool approximates the kind of effect you're after, but given that it's for a scientific assessment of something, probably won't work for you: mona lisa with Find Edges applied
You could try something like the Unsharp Mask in After Effects or Premiere, and then apply it back to the original image using a Difference mode - gives this kind of effect:
enter image description here
If the high pass is what you need, I would export the video as an image sequence, then Automate a Batch in Photoshop to apply it (probably overnight).
What do you consider a high-pass filter for videos if I may ask?
When talking about audio, the high pass filter operates similar to a low-cut, in that it cuts away the lowest frequencies of the audio spectrum and lets the high frequencies pass.
Are you looking for curves? You can adjust the shadows and the highlights of an image (which wouldn't be called high-pass or something similar tho). You can do that using lumetri color. However, comparing to a high-pass, low-cut, low-pass or high-cut, the curves don't actually cut away the brightest or darkest areas, that way you would blow out the highs and crush the blacks, which would result in a fault, not really a stylistic choice but rather actually breaking the image.
If you tell us what you want to achieve with this filter we might be able to tell you the correct name and where to find it.
 - 1
 Photoshops High Pass Filter selects all edges so you can only apply sharpening to those. – Timothy Lukas H. May 29 '19 at 11:25
 - The video I want to apply a high pass filter is one which is generated from a kind of scientific instrument and contains scientific data. Each frame of the video has high-frequency patterns, signals I care about, and low-frequency patterns, the noise. To extract the high-frequency patterns from each frame of the movie, I want to apply a high-pass filter in PremierePro. If it's impossible, I would convert the video into a bunch of still frames and take them to Photoshop and apply the high-pass filter in Photoshop. Then, let Premiere Pro load the images as a sequence and export as a video. – Taiki Bessho May 31 '19 at 6:52
Your Answer


Home Tips & More Best Ways To Taste Dab
Best Ways To Taste Dab
Top Ways To Taste Dab. Dab bottle.
Best Ways To Taste Dab
Top Ways To Taste Dab. Dab bottle.
Best Ways To Taste Dab
If you don't know about the dabbing process, when you finish reading this article, you will be more informed. One of the ideal things that many recreational users have come to find out is best ways to taste dab. It has a sensational taste, but may not be for everyone. Dab is a tiny dose of marijuana concentrate and dabbing is the process to which dab is made. The process involves putting a dose of marijuana concentrate on a heated dab nail, after which you would inhale it to reach that high. The dab nail looks like a water pipe attachment.
Tiny Rig
If you wanted to reach a certain flavor during your session of inhaling the dab, it is best to choose a dab rig that has a tiny chamber and joint size. Generally, the dab rig should be as small as possible to improve the flavor. It traps the flavor and saves it or you would say, it preserves the dab taste. It also regulates the air flow. This helps the user to have a longer inhale in one breath. It is suggested taht you use an oil right that has minimum diffusion since it maximizes the competence and minimizes the compression of the oil inside the dab rig. When the joints are smaller, they also provide sustained and smoother inhalation in comparison to the chugging that the user might experience as a large dab rig is cleared.
Adding the Quartz Insert or Quartz Nail
Your dab nail is crucial to the dabbing procedure, allowing for one of the best ways to taste dab. The process heats up the dab nail with the use of a coil or torch. The torch material is usually made of quartz, titanium or ceramic. Each of these materials has their own advantages and disadvantages. It is recommended that you use quartz since it improves the flavor. It could be either a quartz insert or quartz nail. What is most important is that you use a surface that is quartz.
The Temperature
Your temperature when you are dabbing should be low and consistent. This is true if you are seeking the maximum flavor each time you carry out the dabbing process. It would be better to ue an electric nail instead of a torch, if you want to manage and maintain the desired flavor. When you use the e-nail or electric nail, it also heats the surface where the dabbing process takes place, but you are able to manage its temperature in a specific manner; thereby allowing you to perfect the desired temperature. Set your temperature between 550-650°Fahrenheit. That is where the sweet spot seems to be.
Refined Concentrate
Your next step to taste dab that is of the highest quality would be to use refined concentrate. If you are going to ingest concentrate from solvent, then you should make sure that the oil has no contaminate, residue from the solvent or plant matter. It would be better to use live resin instead. Extracts without the use of solvent tend to give an enhanced flavor because it preserves the terpenes. The reason could be the fact that it consists of heads of isolated glandular trichome, which have a lot of terpenes in them.
Final Thoughts
One of the ideal ways to taste dab without the high presence of THC would be to dab CBD. This is an effective way as it relates to dab consumption. If you are not privy to cannabis concentrate for your dabbing process, you can make it for yourself using rosin. This can be done safely from your home. You should give this a try soon!
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You may want to filter and view your contacts which have a phone number to more easily add only call-able individuals to a call list, for example. Here's how to do that:
- From your Contacts page, click on advanced search.
- Click "field" to see the drop-down menu for categories.
- Select "Phone," then set the next field to "exists."
- Click "Submit Query," and the search will return contacts who have an email address. You can also select "does not exist" if you're looking for contacts without email addresses.
Pro-tip: You may wish to create a Saved Search that includes this criteria, so that you can always quickly identify contacts that meet a set of criteria, including having a phone number. Especially if your account includes the phone number lookup monthly add-on feature, saving this search criteria will help you quickly identify when someone you're trying to reach now has an associated phone number.


Word & Phrase Generators
Fake Language Generator
Lets face it writing your own language is hard, so why not use a fake instead?
Using this generator you'll be able to disguise and encode your native language into a new 'fake' language by using the sounds specified in the 'Translation Phoneme'. To get started; simply add the'sounds' you want your language to use in the settings panel, then click Translate. The generator will handle the rest by replacing the input language'sounds' with your new custom phonemes.
Text To Translate:
So so doh dohfa mee sodoh, so so doh meefa mee sodoh, so so doh sodoh mee somee, so so doh sodoh mee dohsodohdoh, so so doh dohmeeso mee dohmee, so so doh dohmeeso mee raymeerayso, so so doh lala mee Sotee, so so doh lala mee Sodoh, so so doh teetee mee meedoh, so so doh raymee mee dohdohfa...
Translation Phoneme
Behind The Science
Behind every generator is science: Word science. The language generator is no exception; dabbling in the science of linguistics. By using the principles of phonemes, diagraphs, and morphologies the language generator is able to capture the complex structure and orthography of the input language and encode a 'new' unique set of phonemes (sounds); creating a seemingly diverse and complex written language. Though the generator does not constitute a true unique language, it can assist in faking one!
Before we go into the details of the generator, we need a Wikipedia crash course in linguistics and orthography. The important parts are summarized below.
What is a phoneme?
Think of phonemes as'sounds', when a group of these phonemes are placed together they form morphemes or words.
What is a digraph?
Digraphs represent a pair of letters that from a single phoneme (a distinct sound). Such as 'ay' in way, or the 'th' in through.
What about trigraphs, etcetera?
Like digraphs, a Trigraph, Tetragraph, or Pentagraph is a set of letters that form a single phoneme (sound). Trigraph, meaning three letters; tetragraph four, and pentagraph five letters. Examples: 'tch' (Trigraph) in watch. Four plus letter combinations are almost nonexistent. Though the 'ough' (Tetragraph) in through would work for our purposes. 'tzsch' (Pentagraph) appears in the English word Nietzschean.


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15th Biennial Workshop of Joint Numerical Sea Modelling Group (JONSMOD)
B. Viikmäe from the Tallinn team presented a paper aiming at creating a technology that would provide a substantial decrease of remote environmental risks (e.g. ship-caused pollution that frequently affects vulnerable areas far from the accident site) by minimizing the consequences of potential accidents. The central idea is smart use of the existence of statistically heterogeneous
semi-persistent current patterns, which considerably affect pollution propagation as well as drift of various items such as vessels without propulsion, rescue boats or lost containers.
"The Use of Lagrangian Trajectories for Minimization of the Risk of Coastal Pollution" (10 Jan 2010 B. Viikmäe, T. Soomere, N. Delpeche,)


Do you feed corals?
 - I sure that you have to feed them, but is it like with any specific? Like special foods, or ways you add it to the water or give it to them directly?
 Or do they just make due with the lighting in the water and the waste that the fish produce (like how plants work in a freshwater tank)?
 - Best Answer
 It really depends on your lighting and the corals you have. A vast majority do fine without any extra feeding, although some do better when fed if they aren't getting enough nutrients from the light or waste that is being created in your tank. Some even do good as they are normally indirectly fed by fish who swim between them and get trapped.
 As a basic answer, is it required? No - but feeding them CAN provide them with more nutrients which will allow for them to grow and be more vibrant under a light.


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Why is the Companies Act 2006 and Articles of Association so important?
For protection policies onlyWed Nov 22 10:52:00 GMT 2017
A company's Articles of Association form the basis of the company's constitution. They're commonly referred to as the internal rule book of the company. The articles are chosen by its members and are legally binding on the company and its members. A company's articles are subject to the Companies Act 2006 (PDF - 3.6mb)(Opens new window) and can't contain rules that would cause the company or its directors to operate outside the law.
A company can choose to adopt:
- model articles in full;
- model articles with additional or amended provisions, or
- bespoke articles.
When a shareholder dies, their shares will form part of their estate and ultimately pass to their heirs under the terms of their will, or the laws of intestacy where they haven't made one. A company's articles are also likely to contain rules about the transferring of shares.


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Climate change and Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore
Photo: US EPA
JANRUARY 2011 --The Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore (IDNL) is identified as one the top 25 US National Parks in peril due to climate disruption, according to the Rocky Mountain Climate Organization. On January 27th, 2011 more than 25 researchers, scientists, and natural resource managers convened at the IDNL training center to discuss recommendations for a strategic plan being developed for the National Lakeshore by the National Parks Conservation Association (NPCA). Topics included natural resource management, research opportunities, and how climate change might be considered in this plan. Scientests from Ecologists from The Field Museum's Division of Environment, Culture, and Conservation (ECCo) presented information on projected climate change impacts to the region and facilitated the discussion. Recommendations will appear in the NPCA strategic plan due to be completed in Summer 2011.


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KUWAIT CITY, Sept 28: Ministry of Education and Higher Education became the gateway for fake certificates due to lack of scrutiny about the sources of certificates, reports Al-Shahed daily.
The daily quoting sources said the Ministry of Higher Education depends on the Cultural Office to endorse certificates, although the latter's routine task does not allow for scrutinizing the content of certificates.
They added the Ministry of Education and Higher Education endorses Medicine and Engineering certificates issued by universities in countries that have no cultural offices in Kuwait, leading to infiltration of the job market with fake certificates. Sources pointed to expatriate teachers flooding the Ministry of Education without necessary approval due to widespread influence (wasta) and favoritism. They stated many reasons for appointing such teachers, including low salaries.
They reiterated the committee formed by the Minister of Education and Higher Education Dr Bader Al-Essa to investigate fake certificates was merely a routine procedure, indicating no positive result came out of its activities due to the interference of some politicians and influence.


Auxiliary constructions that yield spaces that are not CW complexes must be used on occasion. One basic result is that the representable functors on the homotopy category have a simple characterisation (the Brown representability theorem).
 - CW complexes are locally contractible.
 - CW complexes satisfy the Whitehead theorem: a map between CW complexes is a homotopy-equivalence if and only if it induces an isomorphism on all homotopy groups.
 - The product of two CW complexes can be made into a CW complex. Specifically, if X and Y are CW complexes, then one can form a CW complex X×Y in which each cell is a product of a cell in X and a cell in Y, endowed with the weak topology. The underlying set of X×Y is then the Cartesian product of X and Y, as expected. In addition, the weak topology on this set often agrees with the more familiar product topology on X×Y, for example if either X or Y is finite. However, the weak topology can be finer than the product topology if neither X nor Y is locally compact. In this unfavorable case, the product X×Y in the product topology is not a CW complex. On the other hand, the product of X and Y in the category of compactly generated spaces agrees with the weak topology and therefore defines a CW complex.
 - Let X and Y be CW complexes. Then the function spaces Hom(X,Y) (with the compact-open topology) are not CW complexes in general. If X is finite then Hom(X,Y) is homotopy equivalent to a CW complex by a theorem of John Milnor (1959).[6] Note that X and Y are compactly generated Hausdorff spaces, so Hom(X,Y) is often taken with the compactly generated variant of the compact-open topology; the above statements remain true.[7]
 - A covering space of a CW complex is also a CW complex.
 - CW complexes are paracompact. Finite CW complexes are compact. A compact subspace of a CW complex is always contained in a finite subcomplex.[8][9]
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Davis, James F.; Kirk, Paul (2001). Lecture Notes in Algebraic Topology. Providence, R.I.: American Mathematical Society.
 2. ^
 3. ^
 4. ^ Turaev, V. G. (1994), "Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds", De Gruyter Studies in Mathematics (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co.) 18
 5. ^ For example, the opinion "The class of CW complexes (or the class of spaces of the same homotopy type as a CW complex) is the most suitable class of topological spaces in relation to homotopy theory" appears in Baladze, D.O. (2001), "CW-complex", in Hazewinkel, Michiel, Encyclopedia of Mathematics, Springer, ISBN 978-1-55608-010-4
 6. ^ Milnor, John, "On spaces having the homotopy type of a CW-complex" Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 90 (1959), 272–280.
 7. ^ "Compactly Generated Spaces" (PDF).
 8. ^ Hatcher, Allen, Algebraic topology, Cambridge University Press (2002). ISBN 0-521-79540-0. A free electronic version is available on the author's homepage
 9. ^ Hatcher, Allen, Vector bundles and K-theory, preliminary version available on the authors homepage
General references[edit]


always placed on the uneven terrains and grounds.
Foot plant feature has some functions to manipulate its blend weights. Check out section 4 to find out more about its functions. It is recommended to enable this feature in some states which might have foot skating like locomotion states and disable it in the other states which is not capable of having foot skating like standing Idle. Please check "IdleUpdate.cs" and "LocomotionUpdate.cs" to find out how to disable and enable this feature safely.
 - Forward Vector: This vector should be set to show the character foot initial direction. What you see in the Character foot reference pose or (Mecanim T-Pose) is what you should use here. At many times character initial forward vector is equal to foot forward vector.
 - IK Hint Offset: The IK hint position will be calculated automatically as stated in section 1. The IK Hint Offset is added to this the final calculated IK Hint Position to fine tune the final IK hint position.
 - Up Vector: Up vector shows the character up vector. This should be equal to world up vector (Vector3(0, 1, 0)) if the character is moving on ground. Otherwise for some rare situations like running on walls this should be changed accordingly.
 - Foot Offset Dist: The distance used for raycasting. Figure 1, 3 and 5 show the parameter in action.
 - Foot Length: Foot length is used to find the toe position to set the foot pitch rotation. It should be equal to character's foot length. Figure 3 shows the details.
 - Foot Half Width: This parameter should be equal to half width of the foot. It is used to find foot roll rotation. Figure 5 shows the details.
 - Foot Height: Foot height is used to set the correct heel position on ground. It should be equal to distance of heel center to lower leg joint. Figure 1 and 2 show the details.
 - Foot Rotation Limit: The IK foot rotation will not exceed from this value and this will be its limit for rotation. The value is considered in degrees.
 - Transition Time: When no contact point is detected by the system, it will switch to FK mode smoothly through time. Also when the system is in FK mode and it finds a contact point it will switch to IK mode smoothly through time. The "Transition Time" parameter, is the time length of the smooth transition between FK to IK or IK to FK.
 - Extra Ray Distance Check: This parameter is used to find correct foot, toe or heel corner position on ground. Figure 1, 3 and 5 show the parameter in action. This parameter can be changed dynamically to achieve better visual results. Check out the "IdleUpdate.cs" and "LocomotionUpdate.cs" scripts in the project to find out the details. These scripts are changing the "Extra Ray Distance Check" value based on the foot position in the animations and the current animation state. Both scripts use Unity 5 animator behavior callbacks.
4- Mec Foot Placer Component
The Mec Foot Placer component is responsible for setting the correct rotation and position of feet on the ground and switching between IK and FK for feet automatically.
Mec Foot Placer provides some functions which can be used by user. These functions are stated here:
 - void SetActive(AvatarIKGoal foot_id, bool active): This function will set the system on or off safely for each foot. At some states you don't need the system to be active. For example when character is falling, there is no need to check for foot placement. However the system will work correctly on this state too but the user can disable it to ignore the calculations of the component. Each feet can be activated or deactivated separately.
 - bool IsActive(AvatarIKGoal foot_id): If the current foot is active the function returns true otherwise false.
 - void EnablePlant(AvatarIKGoal foot_id, float blend_speed): This function will set the plant foot weight from its current value to 1 through time based on blend speed parameter. The function is useful to be used for some states which need foot planting like locomotion. By using it, plant foot feature will be activated smoothly through time. To have the plant foot feature effective the plant foot weight value should be higher than 0.
 - void DisablePlant(AvatarIKGoal foot_id, float blend_speed): This function will set the plant foot weight from its current value to 0 through time based on blend speed parameter. The function is useful to be used for some states which doesn't need foot planting like standing idles. By using it plant foot feature will be deactivated smoothly through time.
 - void SetPlantBlendWeight(AvatarIKGoal foot_id, float weight): Sometimes you need to manually change the plant blend values rather than using DisablePlant or EnablePlant functions. This function sets the blend weight between planted foot position and rotation with the non-planted foot position and rotation.
 - float GetPlantBlendWeight(AvatarIKGoal foot_id): This function returns current blend weight for foot planting feature.
5- Quick Setup Guide
To setup the system you have to add a MecFootPlacer component. The foot placement component needs at least one FootPlacementData component otherwise it will not work. If two feet are needed to be considered, two foot placement data components should be set. One for right foot and one for left foot so the system can manipulate both feet.
After setting the components the Mec Foot Placer system should work correctly. Check out the example scenes for more info.
5-1- Important Notes on Setting Up the System
Some important notes should be considered before setting up the system:
 - Exposing Necessary Bones: If you checked "Optimize Game Objects" in the avatar rig, then some bones have to be exposed since the Mec Foot Placer needs them to work correctly. The bones are listed here:
 1- The corresponding bones for left and right feet.
 2- The corresponding bones for left and right lower legs.
 Check out the "Robot Kyle" avatar in the project to find how it can be done.
 - Setting up the data correctly: Don't forget that setting up the data for foot placement needs precision and at some states the data needs to be changed dynamically to achieve the best effects. For example the "Extra Ray Distance Check" parameter should be increased or decreased in different states or animation times to achieve better visual results. Fortunately this can be done easily in Unity 5 by using animator behavior scripts. Check out the "IdleUpdate.cs" and "LocomotionUpdate.cs" in project to find out the details. Both scripts are being called within "SimpleLocomotion" animation controller. As Scripts show, the "Extra Ray Distance Check" parameter is increased while character enters in idle state. Also in the locomotion state, the "Extra Ray Distance Check" parameter increases in the times that character is putting his feet on the ground. This is to make sure that foot touches the ground. It will be decreased while the foot is not on the ground to help the foot move freely while looking for ground contacts as well.
 - Checking IK Pass Check Box: On any layer in which you need IK, you have to check IK pass check box in the animator controller so the IK callbacks can be called by Mecanim. If you don't check this check box, Mec Foot Placer will not work.
 - Mecanim Specific Features: Mecanim humanoid rigs provide a leg stretching feature which can help foot IK to look better. The leg stretching feature can avoid Knee popping while setting foot IK. However the value should be set accurately. High values of this feature makes the character cartoony and low values can increase the chance of knee popping in the character. To setup Leg Stretch feature you have to select your character asset. It should be a humanoid rig. In the rig tab, select configure then select muscles tab. In the "Additional Settings" group, you can find a parameter named "Leg Stretch". Check out "Robot Kyle" avatar in the project to find out more.
Wednesday, June 24, 2015
Avoiding High Dimensionality in Animation State Space
By the progression of computer hardware, video games can have plenty of animations. This amount of animations need to be manipulated. Each specific animation or just some frames of it needs to be played at the right moment to fulfill a motion related task. Usually, developers try to keep the animation controller separate from the other modules like AI or control so they can just send some parameters to the animation system and the animation system should return the most suitable animation to respond well to the control or AI modules. This can remove the complexity of manipulating animations from the control or AI as they already have their own complexities.
The animation controller promises to return the most suitable animation based on the input parameters. There exists different rules to select animations based on the input parameters. Usually, the speed, rotation and translation of the current animation bones are considered and based on these, a suitable animation will be selected which has the least difference in speed and translation/rotation with the currently playing animation poses. Also the returned animation has to satisfy the motion related tasks. It has to do what the other modules are expected from it to do. For example a path planner can send input parameters like steering degree and speed value to the animation controller and the animation controller should return the best suited motion out of its existing animations to follow the path correctly.
There exists different animation controllers which have already become a standard in video games. The most famous are the animation state machines. They are in many game engines or


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Kitty-corner, or catty-corner, is a classic example of the phenomenon known as folk-etymology. When a word or phrase makes little apparent sense, it will often mutate into a form that seems more familiar.
The term was originally catercorner. Cater is an old dialectical term for diagonal. It derives from the French quatre or four. Cater dates to the16th century, appearing in Barnaby Googe's 1577 translation of Heresbach's Foure Bookes of Husbandry:
The trees are set checkerwise and so catred [partim in quincuncem directis], as looke which way ye will, they lye level.
By the early 19th century, the folk etymology had set in. From Joseph C. Neal's 1838 Charcoal Sketches:
One of that class...who, when compelled to share their bed with another, lie in that engrossing posture called "catty-cornered."
(Source: Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd Edition)
Copyright _PHONE_, by David Wilton


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Frequently Asked Questions
What is Western Wells?
Funds are derived from a network of people from a varied cross section of society with a base in, but not isolated to, the Old Camberwell Grammarians Amateur Football Club and past students of Camberwell Grammar. All donations are tax deductable and the Western Wells aims to convert the highest possible percentage of donations to the support of young people with an absolute minimum used for administration.
Wherever possible functionality of the fund is supported by like-minded associates of Western Wells who donate their energies free of charge ensuring that the majority of resources raised are used directly to support the education and development of candidates.
Where Does My Money Go?
Finances educational and extracurricular activities that would otherwise be unavailable to students from the targeted population. Funds are only used when no other funds are available and supports students to take part in activities that they would otherwise be excluded from.
Funds may also be used to enhance or further develop current educational activities that would benefit from financial and or mentoring support funded by the Western Wells.


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Presentation of ACER's Conclusions Paper 'Energy Regulation: A Bridge to 2025'
What is it about?
ACER and CEER are holding a joint event to present the ACER Conclusions Paper: 'Energy Regulation: A Bridge to 2025' on 23 September 2014.
The ACER Conclusions Paper covers a wide range of aspects and is structured principally along sectoral lines: the gas and electricity sectors, including the changing face of electricity generation in the European Union; the changing role of Distribution System Operators; and consumer empowerment and protection and the achievement of retail markets. The document also includes a chapter on the governance of the process for the development of the internal European gas and electricity market.
You can also follow the event via web stream: the link will be visible here on the date of the event. To follow the event via webstreaming, no registration is necessary.
You can access the responses on the consultation here.


TY - JOUR AU - Formanek, Roman AU - Kysela, Bohus AU - Sulc, Radek PY - 2019/05/31 Y2 - 2021/03/04 TI - Drop Size Evolution Kinetics in a Liquid-liquid Dispersions System in a Vessel Agitated by a Rushton Turbine JF - Chemical Engineering Transactions VL - 74 SP - _PHONE_ SE - Research Articles DO - 10.3303/CET1974174 UR - _URL_ AB - Processes in which mixing plays a crucial role in increasing mass transfer, interfacial surface, and homogenization are frequently and widely used throughout the industry. Agitation of immiscible liquids or solid-liquid suspensions is a frequent operation in chemical and metallurgical industry. The aim of this contribution is to study drop size evolution kinetics in a liquid-liquid dispersion system in a vessel agitated by a Rushton turbine and to analyze the homogeneity of the dispersed system in a volume of the agitated vessel. The homogeneity of liquid-liquid dispersion in a volume of a mixed system was determined by comparison of Sauter mean diameters and drop size distribution (DSD) from different measured regions. The sizes of drops were obtained from the images captured by a camera system and were processed by the Image Analysis method. ER -


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This talk by Richard Brock given at TEDx Cambridge University explores the importance of tacit knowledge in education. Richard is currently in the third year of his PhD at the University of Cambridge and states,
"All good teaching must start with some sort of common assumption between the teacher and the student. These assumptions can then provide the basis upon which knowledge can be exchanged later. How do we know which of these assumptions are the right ones, however?"
Adrian and Christine are often seen discussing concepts of intuition, innovation and research and how they are at times inextricable linked and at other times seem at war with each other. The contextual nature of innovation results in a distinct delineation between knowledge which can be represented formally and knowledge that is tacit. Michael Polanyi posits that we know more than we can ever express. He suggests that this predisposes some individuals to exhibit innovative behaviours, trusting their intuition, and shaping the culture of the organisation around them. The inverse is also true.
So how does this tacit knowledge shape an individual's belief system? Can organisations understand the key elements and necessary conditions for harnessing collective belief systems to create a culture of innovation? What do we even mean by innovation?
These are the questions and relationships that Adrian is exploring as part of his PhD.


Fly the Vegan Skies
airline vegan meal
A vegan airline meal
Vegan options are showing up in a wide variety of places these days, from prisons to hospitals to public schools. Now a new initiative by the Vegan Society and Humane Society International seeks to make sure airlines have vegan meals available in commercial airliners.
While air travel is blamed for significant greenhouse gas emissions, meat is actually much worse. It's also a culprit in other environmental problems. "A vegan diet is probably the single biggest way to reduce your impact on planet Earth, not just greenhouse gases, but global acidification, eutrophication, land use and water use," said Joseph Poore, at Oxford University, England. "It is far bigger than cutting down on your flights or buying an electric car."
Airlines serve an estimated one billion inflight meals every year, so actively encouraging passengers to choose plant-based options could help reduce the industry's carbon emissions, while at the same addressing a number of other environmental problems caused by meat and other animal-derived foods.
If you fly long distance, be sure to order a vegan meal when you book your flight. While you're waiting for your flight at Seatac airport, why not check out the new restaurant "Floret" by Café Flora? The sister restaurant of our much beloved vegetarian restaurant Café Flora offers both sit down and grab-and-go food.


What is an Outdoor Computer?
Back to Glossary
What is an Outdoor Computer?
An outdoor computer is designed to withstand the elements—whether it is an outdoor kiosk in a national park that helps tourists or a monitoring system designed to track motorists' license plates. It is generally part of a larger system which may include a display. Many outdoor computers have NEMA 4 enclosures. NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturer's Assocation) sets standards for grades of electrical enclosures and NEMA 4 is rated as watertight. Outdoor computers must have displays that are easily visible in all lighting conditions.
Important Features for an Outdoor Computer
As an outdoor computer is required to operate 24/7, it must be extremely reliable. Many are fanless, as fans are moving parts that can break down, and are passively cooled instead. To protect against dust and water, an outdoor computer is entirely enclosed, which can cause a problem in regards to overheating. An outdoor computer is often subject to power useage limitations and thus must be able to run with less power.


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The video begins at 1:32.
Topic: Four Types of Cyclists: What do we know and how can it help?
Labeling or categorizing cyclists has been occurring for over a century for a variety of purposes. Dr. Dill's research aimed to examine a typology developed by the City of Portland that includes four categories: Strong and the Fearless, Enthused and Confident, Interested but Concerned, and No Way No How. Unlike several other typologies, this widely referenced typology is intended to apply to all adults, regardless of their current cycling behavior. This seminar will present her findings, focusing on differences between the four types and a better understanding the market for increasing cycling for transportation.


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|Perennial Wheat Research at KBS|
Post Doc Steve Culman explains the importance of Perennial Wheat Research to Journalists.
Michigan State University-Kellogg Biological Station under the direction of Dr. Sieglinde Snapp, Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences, has received a USDA Organic Research and Extension Grant to partner with farmers to develop perennial wheat (Triticum aestivum x Thinopyrum intermedium). Perennial wheat is a new type of crop – it is not expected to replace annual wheat but to provide a complementary option for farmers seeking longer-term ground cover and a specialty grain crop.
The research is in the early stages, but perennial wheat lines have been identified (from Washington State University and the Land Institute in Kansas) and are in the process of being screened in Michigan, for the ability to produce marketable grain and to regrow year after year. The next stage will be to work with organic farmers to assess the most promising lines. It will take time before seed is available from initial screening, but on-farm testing will be the next step.
We anticipate that selected perennial wheat lines will offer an alternative crop rotation for organic farmers and create a niche market for unique wheat flour, and possibly a 'dual use' crop that can be grazed. Building soil organic matter and a healthy soil food web are other benefits anticipated from this new crop.
In the News:
|Last Updated on Thursday, 14 July 2011 17:39|


Decimal Trading
DEFINITION of 'Decimal Trading'
A system in which the price of a security is quoted using a decimal format rather than fractions. For example, a decimal trading quote would be $56.25; using fractions, the same quote would appear as $56¼. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) ordered all stock markets within the U.S. to convert to decimals by April 9, 2001. Prior to 2001, markets in the United States utilized fractions in price quotes. Since decimalization, all quotes appear in the decimal trading format.
BREAKING DOWN 'Decimal Trading'
Decimalization has led to tighter spreads since smaller price movements can be accounted for. For example, prior to decimalization, one-sixteenth (1/16) of $1 was the minimum price movement represented in a price quote (this is equal to $0.0625).
With decimalization, the minimum price movement is 1 cent for stocks over $1, providing a greater number of price levels and allowing for tighter spreads between the bid and the ask levels for trading instruments.
 1. Quoted Price
 The most recent price at which an investment (or any other type...
 2. Ask
 3. Bid
 4. Bid-Ask Spread
 5. Decimalization
 A system where security prices are quoted using a decimal format...
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New species of bat found in VietnamFebruary 21st, 2012 in Biology / Plants & Animals
A distinctive echolocation frequency led to the discovery of a new species of bat within the genus Hipposideros. Although this bat is similar to the species Hipposideros armiger, differences in acoustics, size, and DNA between these bats led to the identification of the new species. This new member of the bat community, which has been found in two locations in Vietnam, has been given the scientific name Hipposideros griffini.
The current article of the Journal of Mammalogy reports on findings from a survey of bats in Vietnam over a span of three years. Eleven of 308 bats of the Hipposideros genus that were captured and handled for study displayed differing characteristics from all known taxa of Hipposideros and represent a new species.
Captured bats were measured for features such as forearm length, ear height, nose-leaf width, tooth row length, and body mass. Tissue samples were taken for genetic analysis. Recordings were made inside a flight tent, in front of caves, and under forest canopies, identifying calls of bats when they left their roosts and when they were foraging. Researchers used software for bat call analysis that can display color sonograms and measure frequencies.
The H. griffini bat has a smaller overall body size than its close cousin, H. armiger, and variations in the skull and teeth. Differences also appeared in the mitochondrial DNA collected from these bats. The echolocation frequencies of the new species range from 76.6 to 79.2 kHz, which is higher than frequencies of several H. armiger subspecies, which range from 64.7 to 71.4 kHz. Additional evidence shows that these two species are occupying the same geographical region yet have retained their separate identities.
H. griffini is named after the late Professor Donald Redfield Griffin of Rockefeller University in New York. Griffin was a leader in and essential contributor to bat echolocation research, which was key to identifying H. griffini as a new species. The proposed common name for this bat is "Griffin's leaf-nosed bat."
The new species was found at Cat Ba Island in Ha Long Bay in northern Vietnam and in Chu Mom Ray National Park, situated on the mainland more than 600 miles (1,000 km) to the south. H. griffini joins about 70 other species within the genus Hipposideros.
More information: "A new species of Hipposideros (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) from Vietnam," Journal of Mammalogy, Vol. 93, No. 1, February 2012. _URL_
Provided by Journal of Mammalogy
"New species of bat found in Vietnam." February 21st, 2012. _URL_


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The Indian Forest Act, 1927 aimed to regulate the movement of forest produce, and the duty leviable on forest produce. This act has details of what a forest offence is, what are the acts prohibited inside a Reserved Forest, and penalties leviable on violation of the provisions of the Act. After the Forest Act was enacted in 1865, it was amended twice (1878 and 1927). The penalties and procedures given in this Act aimed to extend the state's control over forests as well as diminishing the status of people's rights to forest use. The village communities were alienated from their age-old symbiotic association with forests. Further amendments were also made to restrain the local use of forests mainly by forest-dependent communities.
TYPES OF FORESTS
Degree of protection
Reserved forests > Protected forests > Village forests
Forest Settlement Officer
The Forest Settlement Office is appointed, by the State government, to inquire into and determine the existence, nature and extent of any rights alleged to exist in favour of any person in or over any land comprising a Reserved forest. He/she is empowered even to acquire land over which right is claimed.
To speed up resolution of forest-related violations -the amendments are aimed at decriminalising "relatively minor violations" of law. The amendments seek to decriminalise offences like kindling, keeping or carrying fire in a reserved forest without permission, trespassing or pasturing cattle or causing any damage by negligence in felling any tree in a reserved forest. They also seek to decriminalise acts like leaving a burning fire kindled by the person in the vicinity of any tree reserved under Section 30, or felling any tress or dragging timber to damage any reserved tree, or permitting cattle to damage such tree. The offences were earlier punishable with imprisonment for a term which could even extend to six months, a penalty that the Environment Ministry now seeks to remove.
This would help in:
However, there are the following concerns associated:


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Should wellheads be above or below the ground surface?
Posted: June 2, 2010
Many private well owners in Pennsylvania have wellheads that are buried below the surface of the ground. This may be appealing to homeowners that don't like looking at a pipe sticking up in the middle of their yard, but research studies have demonstrated a clear benefit to having an extended wellhead.
What problems can a buried well cause?
Wells that are buried below the ground can have numerous disadvantages to wells that are extended above the ground surface. The most obvious disadvantage is that the well is not easily accessible by the well driller in the event that it needs to be serviced. Often the homeowner is unaware of the wells exact location underground, which can lead to added expense if the driller needs to do some investigating.
Wells buried below the ground surface are also more susceptible to bacterial contamination. Research studies conducted at Penn State University have found that wells buried in pits are more likely to have the presence of coliform bacteria than wells that are extended above the earth's surface.
What can you do to fix your buried well?
Fortunately, it is not usually difficult to extend a wellhead above the ground. A qualified water well driller should be able to weld or thread extra casing to your existing well and raise it above the ground. If the well was buried in a pit, it should be filled in with bentonite grout to the land surface. A sanitary or vermin-proof well cap should also be installed on the newly extended casing to ensure that surface contamination can not enter the well. As an added protection, the ground should be sloped away from your wellhead in all directions to prevent any surface water from ponding around the well.
After having the well extended, it would be a wise to take a sample of your drinking water to a state certified water testing lab for analysis. If the water tests positive for coliform bacteria then steps should be taken to disinfect the well. Information on coliform bacteria can be found at the link below.
How high should the well casing be extended above the ground?
Any distance is better than having it buried below ground, but it is ideal to extend the well casing at least 12 inches above the ground surface.


technology and society quot digital identity powerpoint presentation quot
I need help with the following:
Prompt: In this second narrated slide assignment, you will explore digital identity. For your analysis, you can choose to explore your various online and technology-related behaviors and preferences, or you can choose to examine the issue you explored in Module Three from the perspective of digital identity. Then, in a couple of PowerPoint slides, record your answers to the following:
Analyze your digital identity
– How is your digital identity different from your real-world self? How is it the same?
– How does technology enable you to more fully express a specific dimension of your identity?
– How does your digital identity affect your sense of who you are as a person?
Describe the behaviors associated with your digital identity.
– How does technology govern, influence, or shape your identity?
– How is your behavior different when you know it is public?
PowerPoint: Throughout your short PowerPoint presentation, make sure you use effective multimedia and communication skills:
1. Include a combination of text, visuals, and sound elements that logically flow with your presentation.
2. Construct your presentation in a way that ensures the audio and visuals elements are logically organized in order to convey your message to your audience.
3. Make sure you provide appropriate supporting evidence in your presentation. Evidence could consist of your textbook, additional resources, company websites, and so on. Include your references in APA or MLA format in an additional slide at the end of your presentation.
Thank you


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Two of the most enigmatic pieces of Irish sculpture can be found in a small cemetery on Boa Island in Co Fermanagh. The larger sculpture is a two-sided 'Janus' figure, with depictions of a bearded figure on both sides. Both of the depictions show an oval-faced man with large almond-shaped bulging eyes, and a straight nose. In Celtic culture, heads were very important because they were thought to contain a person's spirit after their death. Severed heads were taken in triumph after battles.
One side has the tongue partially sticking out, the other seems just to be an open mouth. The head just merges into the body without a clear neck, and the arms are crossed over what appears to be a belt. The base of the larger sculpture was found at a later time, and is now propped up against the figure. At the top of the heads there is a groove where people today leave coins as an offering. The smaller figure is called the 'Lustymore Man', and was found on the neighbouring Lustymore Island. It appears to be more weathered and more plainly carved. This figure is only one-sided, but has a lot of similarities with the larger figure. It seems to also depict a man with a straight nose and open mouth and its arms are crossed.
The reasons for creating these stone sculptures and the dates of their creation are not certain. They may have been part of pre-Christian religious sites, or they may have been made by early Christians who included older pagan beliefs in their grave sites. Boa Island's bilateral figure has been compared to another two-faced figure from Holzgerlingen, Germany and the Tandragee Idol, which is in a collection in St. Patrick's Cathedral, Armagh.


Submitted by Gabrielle
The Wiggles and their friends are stranded at Wiggle Bay after Captain Feathersword forgets to tie up their boat and the boat drifts out to sea. They find a magic shell in the water which directs them to find a golden key.
Wags the dog helps the Wiggles dig up the key in the sand, which turns out to be the key to Davy Jones' locker where King Neptune keeps his treasures. The Wiggles send Magdalena, the mermaid, and Captain Feathersword to return the key to King Neptune. In gratitude, the King returns the boat to Captain Feathersword and sends a pearl necklace to Dorothy, the dinosaur.