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Pluralist vs elitist theory reasons for the american revolution the declaration of independence articles of confederation shay's rebellion ap government wiki. This lesson will explain and differentiate three major theories of power in society: the pluralist model, the power-elite model and the marxist model. In elitism, no social organization can form with out elites to lead and make all the decisions for the organization contradictory, pluralism holds that majority will. Elite and pluralist which in relation to governance compares and contrasts various governance approaches key of which are the pluralist and elitist. \n learning objectives \n by the end of this section, you will be able to: \n \n describe the pluralism-elitism debate \n explain the tradeoffs perspective on. All three theories that we were given (pluralism, hyperpluralism, and elite and class theory for those of you who haven't gather that from the title) are.
Klai k 13:17 concentration of power, elitism, elitist, iron triangle, pluralism, pluralism v elitism, pluralist, pressure groups. What do we mean by pluralism and elitism which of these best describes uk pressure group politics. Populism vs elitism humanitas • 75 than if there is such a ground conse-quently, in assessing hoebeke's, kazin's, and lasch's work, attention. American powerpoint on elitism vrs pluralism 1 interest groups chapter 11 2 the role and reputation of interest groups defining.
Abstract the three disparate theories of the state, namely the elitist, the pluralist and the marxist theories are briefly discussed in the essay. Elitist vs pluralist in an elitist government it is believed that only a select few of people should hold political power people who are maybe from a. Get an answer for 'compare and contrast the theories of pluralism and power elitism' and find homework help for other political science questions at enotes. Many americans fear that a set of elite citizens is really in charge of government in the united states and that others have no influence this belief is called the.
Elitism vs pluralism elitism and pluralism are belief systems that are opposite to each other and constitute a way of looking at a political system this. Best answer: elitism is the belief or attitude that the people who are considered to be the elite — a selected group of persons with outstanding personal. Pluralism (political theory) classical pluralism is the view that politics and decision making are located mostly in the framework of elite pluralism. United states government: who is in control elitism vs pluralism many americans fear that a set of elite citizens control government and others have no influence.
Who governs elitism, pluralism, and tradeoffs learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to: elitism vs pluralism. The idea that a cosmopolitan elite has controlled, even actually dominated, american foreign policy and diplomacy is a difficult thesis to evaluate. Pluralist theory the theoretical point of view held by many social scientists which holds that american politics is best understood through the generalization that. Basics of american politics - 9 who wins, who loses pluralism versus elitism - flashcards learn basics of american politics.
Pluralism is a popular theory on how political power is distributed in the united states from this perspective, there is no single ruling elite. Ap government learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. Analyse: in what ways do pluralism and elitism try to create a balanced social contract in what ways do both succeed and fall short section review.
The elitism of the right wing -- personified by tom perkins and his system -- makes me sick princeton graduates vs the rest of the world. Pluralism vs elitism opinion paper it could be argued that politics is everywhere, from the debates and decisions of a powerful government to an argument between.


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Let $v\in \mathbb{C}^n$ be an $n$ dimensional complex vector. Define the non-standard bilinear form $\left< u,v \right> = u^T v$ (the usual inner product except without the conjugation). What are the properties of the self orthogonal vectors, those such that $\left < v,v \right>=0$? What are the properties of this space of vectors?
For example, if we say that $v^Tv = 0$ has the null property, then so does $\lambda v$ for any complex $\lambda$, and so does $v^*$ (the conjugated vector). Clearly, the set of null vectors is not a vector space since generally $u+v$ is not null if $u$ and $v$ are null.
This may be well known, but I just have no idea what to Google for. Any pointers to existing literature are appreciated.
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These vectors are called isotropic vectors (for the complex symmetric bilinear form you mentioned). – Marc van Leeuwen Nov 30 '11 at 7:13
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The most natural way to view your set of vectors is in the setting of projective geometry; the vector space $K^n$ (where $K$ is now an arbitrary field, so $K = \mathbb{C}$ for you) can be seen as a projective space $\mathbb{P}^{n-1}(K)$ of dimension $n-1$. (The "points" of the projective space $\mathbb{P}^{n-1}(K)$ correspond to the vector lines $\{ \lambda v \mid \lambda \in K \}$ of $K^n$).
In your example, the set of isotropic vectors for the bilinear form $\langle u, v \rangle = u^T v$ correspond to a quadric in $\mathbb{P}^{n-1}(K)$. See, for instance, _URL_ Note that over an algebraically closed field such as $\mathbb{C}$, there is essentially only one non-degenerate bilinear form, so also only one quadric.
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Zenfolio | Fun With Pinball | About
Fun With Pinball
Fun With Pinball was initially built for the inaugural NoCo Mini Maker Faire in Loveland, Colorado in October 2013. The idea was to give guests the opportunity to explore many of the remarkable devices used in pinball machines. Devices are mounted on boards to expose their workings and wired to power with push buttons so guests can activate them and figure out how they work. The devices are all from electromechanical (EM) pinball machines which were made until the late 1970s when solid state (SS) machines built with electronics took over. Most of these devices are well used, having been replaced during a game restoration, but still work well enough for demonstration purposes.
Fun With Pinball isn't just for pinball enthusiasts. Certainly pinball fans might enjoy seeing some of the components of their pastime in more detail, and recognize the ingenuity and creativity of the designers who originally put them together.
But the intention is that a much wider audience might be curious enough to take a few minutes to explore how something works if given the opportunity to activate, observe, experiment and study it. While a pinball machine is complicated and hard to comprehend, the individual mechanisms are pretty straightforward and easy to understand. Beyond the obvious question of "What does this do?" are more subtle and interesting questions and answers from many fields including electricity, magnetism, mechanics, physics, logic, etc. These pinball related devices are just a hook to foster a curiosity in the underlying science of how things work.
In a world of smart phones and disposable electronics it's hard to get a grasp on what makes things work. Taking a close look at this older, more tangible technology where everything is visible might be a good starting place for developing an interest in and understanding of much more complicated technologies.
The inspiration for the Fun With Pinball exhibit came primarily from two sources. The first is a collection of mechanical models built in the late 1800s to teach the fundamentals of machine motion. Each model is completely functional and clearly demonstrates a single mechanism. Students could manipulate the models and discover how they work by interacting with them.
The second inspiration of course is the remarkable Visible Pinball Machine built by the Pacific Pinball Museum.
Ideas for the Future
Most of the effort put into the Fun With Pinball exhibit for the first few years has been in designing and building the exhibit pieces and custom made crates to facilitate moving and storing them. As the exhibit has grown building has slowed because it has reached, or even surpassed, critical mass. Attention is gradually moving to other areas including the development of this web site. Ideas for the future include:
 - Design and build a few more pieces as compelling ideas come to mind.
 - Develop more online science and technology lessons using parts of the exhibit on the Learn page.
 - Develop curricula and presentation materials using parts of the exhibit for seminars, workshops, classes, etc.
 - Take it on the road to reach a wider audience.


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Non-linear junction detectors
The non-linear junction detector, or an NLJD, is a device that illuminates a small region of space with high-frequency RF energy. Any "non linear junction" in the vicinity—for example, and particularly, the p-n junction—will receive this energy, and because of the asymmetric response of the junction to an electric field, it will rectify it, re-emitting some of it on multiples of the illumination frequency.
The detector has a sensitive receiver tuned to these harmonics, as well as appropriate processing and displays to make their presence known to the user of the device. Because the basis of almost all semiconductor electronics is the p-n junction, an NLJD is correspondingly capable of detecting almost any unshielded electronic device containing semiconductors, whether the electronics are actively powered or not.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Want to learn how To make low carb tortillas? Making low carb tortillas is easy and they are much healthier than the traditional store bought varieties. Many low carb people shy away from Mexican food, but this tortilla recipe is not only healthy, it's delicious. There are only five ingredients in this process, so it is very inexpensive to make. in addition, this recipe takes approximately 45 minutes to prepare with fifteen minutes of preparation time, but you can always make low carb tortillas ahead of time, freeze them and reheat as needed.
To make low carb tortillas you will need:
- 4 cups of whole-wheat flour
- 2 teaspoons of baking powder
- 1 teaspoon of salt
- 2 tablespoons of lard
- 1 1/2 cups of water
- Large skillet for frying
- Rolling pin
- Combine the first three ingredients and mix together in a large bowl. Mixing the ingredients completely will ensure that you have an even dough to work with.
- Cut the lard into the flower mixture using your hands. It should look like cornmeal when you are done. Freezing the lard prior to use and utilizing a box grater to cut it into the dough can make this step a little easier.
- Add the water and mix it the dough until it comes off the sides of the bowl. Place some flour on your hands and lightly flour your work surface. Turn the dough out onto the surface and knead it until it forms into a smooth ball of dough. Divide the dough into 24 equal dough balls.
- Preheat your skillet over a medium high heat and spray with oil cooking spray. Roll each section of dough with a well-floured rolling pin until it resembles a round, thin tortilla. If you prefer, you can roll the dough between wax paper to make it easier to remove.
- Cook each tortilla on each side until golden brown and bubbly. Place cooked tortillas in a warm oven or cover with foil to keep them warm while you cook the remainder of your low carb tortillas.
If you would like to substitute the lard, margarine can be used instead. Just make sure to mix well. If you like slightly larger low carb tortillas, consider separating the dough into 16 smaller dough balls, for a larger version. Spices, such as garlic powder, onion powder or oregano can be added to the dough for added flavor. Low carb tortillas can also be served with cinnamon sugar and served as a snack. These low carb tortillas are great for breakfast burritos and are ideal for a low carb lunch or dinner.


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Upcoming regulatory actions for Lead and Indium Tin Oxide
The European Chemicals Agency has published an update of the status of the Risk Management Option Analysis (RMOA) undertaken for several substances. In particular, it indicated that it is needed to initiate further regulatory risk management action for lead and Indium tin oxide.
The assessment of lead was conducted by Sweden which was concerned about its CMR properties. According to the RMOA conclusion document, "since lead metal is classified as Repr. 1A it fulfils the criteria for Article 57 (c) in REACH and since it is widely used in large volumes the substance also fulfils the SVHC Roadmap for 2020 relevance criteria. Owing to the hazardous properties of the substance there is a need for regulatory risk management for lead. Identification as SVHC and subsequent inclusion in Annex XIV is considered the preferred risk management option, in line with previous regulation of other lead compounds." Additionally, "one major concern is the potential for occupational lead exposure considering the high volumes being used in the EU. Taking the type and severity of the health effects into account, a lowering of the current occupational exposure limit and biological limit value to protect workers appears to be justified." The inclusion of lead in the candidate list is expected for February 2018.
INDIUM TIN OXIDE
The assessment of Indium tin oxide was conducted by the Netherands (NL-CA). According to the RMOA conclusion document, "Evaluating the possibility to propose harmonized classification under CLP would be a logical first step towards any further regulatory measures. Given the effects observed in humans, harmonised classification as STOT RE 1 may be possible. Depending on the classification, the Authorisation route could be considered. Awaiting possible further risk management measures depending on the actual registration of Indium tin oxide in 2018, the NL-CA advices to contact those facilities for which is known they may work with indium tin oxide to make sure they are aware of the possible severe health effects of exposure".Click on the above substances to access their regulatory maps. Do you want to be notified in case of news or regulatory changes related those substances? Add them to your monitoring list! If you do not have have a Chemycal account, contact us for a free trial: _EMAIL_
Source: European Chemicals Agency


unipotent group scheme
An element rr of a ring with multiplicative unit is called unipotent element if r1r-1 is nilpotent.
Theorem and Definition
Let GG be an affine k-group. Then the following conditions are equivalent.
 1. The completion of the Cartier dual D^(G)\hat D(G) of GG is a connected formal group.
 2. Any multiplicative subgroup of GG is zero.
 3. For any subgroup HH of GG with H0H\neq 0 we have Gr k(H,α k)0Gr_k(H,\alpha_k)\neq 0.
 4. Any algebraic quotient of GG is an extension of subgroups of α k\alpha_k.
 5. (If p0)p\neq 0), ImV G n=e\cap Im V^n_G =e.
An affine group scheme satisfying these conditions is called unipotent group scheme.
Revised on June 13, 2012 00:23:26 by Stephan Alexander Spahn (


Should You Cover a Dog Crate?
Should You Cover a Dog Crate?
Image Credit: lempelziv/iStock/GettyImages
If you're crate training your dog or puppy using a wire crate, cover it with a lightweight sheet, cloth, towel, blanket or purchased crate cover. Covering a crate can contribute to a cozy and private environment that's similar to dog dens. It can be especially helpful at night when your pooch needs to wind down and go to sleep.
Privacy and Silence
Covering a crate not only can be beneficial for giving a dog privacy and a sense of security, but it can be beneficial for encouraging overall silence and peace. If you cover your pet's crate, it can reduce the sounds of the typical disruptions of your household -- think your television, music playing, people walking around and phone calls, for example. Cover the back sections, sides and tops of your dog's crate to provide him with a quiet and relaxing environment. Cover the crate loosely to allow your pet to look out from it easily, too.
Covering often can be helpful for soothing dogs and puppies who are crying inside their crates.
Material Pulling
It isn't uncommon for dogs and puppies to feel nervous and uneasy inside their crates. These feelings sometimes cause them to tug on the materials covering their crates. If they successfully drag the material into their crates, they can chew on or eat them, which can lead to serious health emergencies that may require surgery. Prevent your dog from being able to do this by folding the sides of the blanket, cloth, towel or sheet underneath the crate.
Crate Covering and Car Trips
Crate covering can come in handy for a reason that's totally unrelated to privacy and rest. If you're taking your dog on a trip in the car, covering his crate can be a great idea. Dogs often become frustrated when they're in vehicles. This frustration is often a combination of all of the things they spot zipping by through the windows and the movement of the car in general. Covering your pet's crate may decrease his stress by calming him and taking the nonstop, overwhelming stimuli out of the equation. Beyond that, crating dogs in cars is important for safety considerations.
Ready-Made Crate Covers
If you don't have an old towel, blanket or sheet available to cover your dog's crate, never fear. Many pet supplies stores sell ready-made crate covers that are designed to give dogs much-needed privacy and relaxation. Since these covers are form-fitting and hug crates snugly, you don't have to worry about restless dogs pulling them off. They're much easier to keep in place.
Crate covering is not suitable in all situations. It isn't always suitable for dogs who have thick and heavy coats, for example, particularly during the warm or hot spring and summer months. You don't want to keep your pet in an environment that's overly hot and therefore uncomfortable. When you cover your dog's crate, it's vital to make certain he has ample airflow, too.


Developmental Screening
Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ)
The Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) is the most accurate and parent friendly way to screen young children and identify potential developmental delays as early as possible. Parent Link Centres offer the Ages and Stages Questionnaire for parents to use to give them a 'snapshot' of their child's development, educate families about what to expect in their child's next stage of development, and offer parent's ideas and suggestions to promote and support their child's development.
Why is Monitoring Child Development Important?
The first 5 years of life are very important because this time sets the stage for success in school and later adulthood. This is optimal time for your child to learn through play and experiences. It is important to ensure that each child is developing as expected during this period.
What Is the Ages and Stages Questionnaire?
This is a simple questionnaire that the parent fills out at home. It is based on the age of the child and asks specific questions to determine your child's development in the following areas:
 1. Communication: looks at the child's language skills, both what he/she understands and what he/she can say.
 2. Gross motor: looks at large muscle movement and coordination.
 3. Fine motor: looks at hand and finger movement and coordination.
 4. Problem solving: looks at how the child plays with toys and the child's problem-solving skills.
 5. Personal social: looks at the child's self-help skills and interactions with others.
 6. An Overall section addresses general parental concerns.
Where can I get an Ages and Stages Questionnaire?
Developmental screens can be picked up at the Parent Link Centre – 127 1st Avenue West, Cochrane.
How do I complete the Ages and Stages Questionnaire?
As you play with your child, you are asked to observe the way that your child completes certain activities. You check "yes" if your child performs the activity regularly; "sometimes" if your child does it only occasionally; "not yet" if your child does not do the activity yet.
What do I do with the completed Ages and Stages Questionnaire?
Once you complete the questionnaire, return it to the Parent Link Centre and it will be reviewed by a staff person. The staff will go over the results with you. You will receive a list of appropriate activities you may enjoy doing with your child to continue to promote development.
What happens if the Ages and Stages Questionnaire determines that my child has an area of concern?
If your child is identified as having an area of concern, the parent will be given a referral to an appropriate agency for further evaluation. This does not mean that there is something wrong with your child, but perhaps they simply need extra attention in one of the five identified areas.
Contact: _PHONE_ for more information or to arrange a time for a developmental screen through the Cochrane & Area Family Resource Network.


Configuring Email Notifications - Veeam ONE Alarms Guide
Configuring Email Notifications
In this article
 To stay informed about potential problems, state changes, events, and tasks performed by users in your infrastructure, you can configure Veeam ONE to send email notifications about alarms. Email notifications contain basic information that helps to find the root cause of an issue and resolve it.
 An email notification can be sent when a new alarm is triggered or when an existing alarm changes its status.
 To configure alarm email notifications, perform the following steps:
 1. Configure SMTP server settings.
 2. Configure notification frequency.
 3. Customize the email template.
 4. Configure email recipients.
 5. [Optional] Disable notifications about resolved alarms.


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Oracle Solaris 11 Express Distribution Constructor Guide Oracle Solaris 11 Express 11/10
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Document Information
1. Introduction to the Distribution Constructor
2. Design and Build Oracle Solaris Images
3. x86: Design and Build a Virtual Machine
What is a Virtual Machine?
What is the Final Product?
System Requirements for Building Virtual Machines
How to Build a Virtual Machine
Get an AI Boot Image
Providing a Boot Image
Optional: Customize Build Specifications
Build the Virtual Machine
Troubleshooting During the Build
Further Information
A. Custom Finalizer Scripts, Examples
Get an AI Boot Image
A complete Virtual Machine will be created using the settings specified in the Virtual Machine manifest, vmc_image.xml. The Virtual Machine manifest is an XML file located at /usr/share/distro_const/vmc/vmc_image.xml. The vmc_image.xml file points to a default set of finalizer scripts that are used to implement the final media-specific settings for the Virtual Machine. In addition, an automated installer (AI) boot image is used to create the Virtual Machine.
You must provide the AI boot image. Then, you must modify the Virtual Machine manifest to point to this image.
Download an AI image and reference that image in the Virtual Machine manifest as follows.
Note - You can create a custom AI image by using the distribution constructor. However, it's not necessary to create a custom image.
Providing a Boot Image
 1. Download an x86 AI image from
 Note - The AI image is only about 200–250 MB.
 Make sure that the release version for the AI image is the release version for the Oracle Solaris operating system that you plan to install in your Virtual Machine.
 2. Store the AI image on your local file system.
 The AI image is an.iso file, a collection of software provided in one file. When you download the image, you store it as an.iso file on your system.
 Note the name and location of this file. You will have to provide that information in the manifest.
 3. Modify vmc_image.xml to point to this image as follows.
 Find the following XML field in the manifest:


1. Home
 2. Etymological origin of Italian surname: Coronella
Etymological origin of Italian surname: Coronella
Corona is present a little all over Italy, it has strains with different origins, in Sardinia, in the Taranto area, in Campania and in the Palermo area, Coronella has a stock in the Caserta and Naples areas and one in the Catania and Syracuse areas, Coronelli has a stock in the Bari area. Triggiano and Capurso, Coronello, absolutely rare, would appear to be from Campania, they should derive, directly or through hypocorisms, from the term crown as a governing body, a bit like a judge or baglio or capitaneo, but it is also possible a derivation from the Spanish term coronel (colonel ), perhaps to indicate that the progenitors belonged to the military hierarchy, whether in a joking tone to characterize their behavior, in Trentino it could derive from toponyms such as Mezzacorona (TN), and so on. We find traces of these surnames in Solofra (AV) in the second half of the 1400s with a certain Nardello de Corona. additions provided by Giuseppe Concas CORONA: means crown and comes from the Latin corona, from the Greek?????? (Crowns). It is a surname spread throughout Italy, in 857 Municipalities, of which 139 in Sardinia: Cagliari 308, Maracalagonis 189, Quartu 149, Selargius 94. In the peninsula: Rome has 389, Palermo 230, Milan 141, Turin 137, Naples 135, etc. etc. It is a term used in many expressions: a wreath of flowers; the laurel wreath of the poets and formerly of the victorious generals in Rome; the (golden) crown of the king, or by metonymy the sovereign himself; the crown of the friars, Franciscans and Dominicans, which defines the tonsure; a group of people arranged in a circle; and many others. But in the medieval history of Sardinia the word Corona, with a capital letter, takes on special meanings. In the judicial kingdoms of Càlari, Torres, Gallura and Arborea and also in the subsequent Catalan-Aragonese Kingdom of Sardinia, "Sa Corona", was a judicial assembly and was so called because in the beginning, the judges met in a circle. In the Carta de Logu, by Arborea (the first collection of laws written in Sardinian, in 198 chapters; written by order of Mariano IV and issued in 1392 by his daughter Eleonora), there are 5 active Coronas, with different functions: "Sa Corona "de Mayori de Villa; it is a territorial, judicial and administrative court, formed by a jury, chaired by the Mayori de Villa (administrator, mayor), composed of jurors, whose number varies according to the size of the Villa, ie the number of inhabitants. The Corona de Mayori de Villa did not meet on Sundays or on other holidays. The "Corona" de Portu,: court of 4 members, presided over by an official of the kingdom, the Mayori de Portu, who had supervision over the products on the market; punished fraud, set the right price for goods, inspected weights and measures; did not meet on holidays. The "Corona de Kita de Berrùda, was undoubtedly a military court. The Kita de Berrùda was in fact made up of a guardhouse or rather a real garrison of" lieros de caballu "(armed men, equipped with horses, trained to the battle and of "berrùda", typical weapon of the "lieros" (free men), which was constituted by a long rod, generally of wood, with the metallic tip. The "Corona" de Curatore: it was a court composed of about 5 "Curators"> magistrates for judicial, criminal and civil cases, but who also had the task of electing the magistrates of the Corona de Logu, who was the Major Court of the Kingdom, who intervened in the most important cases, this being presided over directly by the Judge. The "Corona" de Armentario de Logu; when the Corona de Logu was presided over by the highest official (after the Judge) of the kingdom: usually for administrative and economic cases. The "Crowns", all, did not meet on holidays. Crown, as a surname it is present in the ancient documents of the Sardinian language. Among the signatories of the Peace of Eleonora, LPDE of 1388, are: Corona (de) Andrea, ville Ville Longe (* Ville Longe.Villalonga: destroyed. Campitani Majoris); Corona (de) Benedicto, Lunamadrona villas (* Lunamadrona. Today Lunamatrona. Contrate Marmille); Corona (de) Joanne, villa Solgono (* Solgono.odierno Sorgono. Mandrolisay and Barbagia di Belvì); Corona (de) Mursino, villas Ville Longe. In the Condaghe of Santa Maria di Bonarcado, CSMB, XI °, XIII °, there are: Corona (de) Micale (214), and Corona (de) Orzocco (150). In contemporary history we cite Corona Armando (known Armandino): (Villaputzu - 1921. Ca), political; President of the Council of the Autonomous Region of Sardinia; regional councilor; president of Italian Freemasonry; graduated in medicine and surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of Cagliari. He practiced as a doctor until 1969; after which he dedicated himself to entrepreneurial and political activity.
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Welcome to this project
Waves propagate in solids in a very special way. The stiffness properties define the elastic properties in a specific crystal, either isotropic or anisotropic. Having each direction in the crystal differences in the stiffness constant with respect to others, they have also differences in the resistance or facility for flux energy passing. As a result of this the energy flux takes some preferred directions which are not always perpendicular to the source.
The slowness velocity graphs for crystals allows predict energy flux deviations and solve the wave reflection-refraction problems.
In order to generate these slowness velocity graphs, it is necessary to use the wave equations and the material properties of the crystals.
This project allows the user to generate the slowness surfaces in an excel application.
To apply specific course knowledge in a practical application (useful not only for personal learning process but also for any other person who wants to get involved).
To describe the application tool in an open user's manual guide included in this document.
To identify the capabilities, limitations and possible improvements to the application.
VTech 2008 Wave Propagation in Solids Course Projects
Miguel Ortega - All rights reserved


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Tenant Notification Fact Sheet for Tetrachloroethene (Perc)
- Tenant Notification Fact Sheet for Tetrachloroethene (Perc) is available in Portable Document Format (PDF, 27KB, 2pg.)
This fact sheet is provided to fulfill New York State Department of Health (NYS DOH) requirements for preparation of generic fact sheets under Article 27 (Title 24, Section 27-2405) of the Environmental Conservation Law.
Tetrachloroethene (also known as perchloroethylene or Perc) is a man-made volatile organic chemical that is widely used in the dry-cleaning of fabrics, including clothes, and in manufacturing other chemicals. It was also used for degreasing metal parts and in consumer products, including some paint and spot removers, water repellents, brake and wood cleaners, glues, and suede protectors.
Sources of Perc in Indoor Air
Household products containing Perc could be a possible source for Perc in indoor air. Perc also may evaporate from dry-cleaned clothes or dry-cleaning operations into indoor air. Another source could be evaporation from contaminated well water that is used for household purposes. Perc may also enter homes through soil vapor intrusion, which occurs when the chemical evaporates from groundwater, enters soil vapor (air spaces between soil particles), and migrates through building foundations into the building's indoor air. Perc has also been found at low concentrations in outdoor air.
Levels Typically Found in Air
The NYS DOH reviewed and compiled information from studies in New York State as well as from homes and office buildings across the United States on typical levels of Perc in indoor and outdoor air. Levels of Perc in the indoor air of homes and office settings and in outdoor air are expected to be below 10 micrograms per cubic meter (mcg/m3).
Health Risks Associated with Exposure
An association exists between exposure of people in the workplace to high levels of Perc in air and certain forms of cancer. Perc causes cancer in laboratory animals exposed to high levels over their lifetimes. Overall, the studies of humans and in animals do not prove that Perc causes cancer in people, but are highly suggestive that there may be an increased risk for cancer in people who are exposed to Perc (particularly at high concentrations) over long periods of time
People exposed to high levels of Perc in air had nervous system effects and slight changes to their liver and kidneys. Some studies show a slightly increased risk for some types of reproductive effects among workers (including dry-cleaning workers) exposed to Perc and other chemicals. The reproductive effects associated with exposure included increased risks for spontaneous abortion, menstrual and sperm disorders, and reduced fertility. The data suggest, but do not prove, that the effects were caused by Perc and not by some other factor or factors. Exposure to high levels of Perc has caused liver and kidney damage in laboratory animals and effects on the nervous system. Taken together, the human and animal studies indicate that human exposure to high levels of Perc causes effects on the nervous system, and suggest that human exposure to high levels of Perc may increase the risk for liver and kidney toxicity.
NYS DOH Air Guideline
The NYS DOH guideline for Perc in air is 100 mcg/m3. This level is lower than the levels that have caused health effects in animals and humans. The guideline is based on the assumption that people are continuously exposed to Perc in air all day, every day for as long as a lifetime. This is rarely true for most people who, if exposed, are likely to be exposed for only part of the day and part of their lifetime. In setting this level, the NYS DOH also considered the possibility that certain members of the population (infants, children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing health conditions) may be especially sensitive to the effects of Perc.
The purpose of the guideline is to help guide decisions about the nature of the efforts to reduce Perc exposure. Reasonable and practical actions should be taken to reduce Perc exposure when indoor air levels are above those typically found in indoor air, even when they are below the guideline of 100 mcg/m3. The urgency to take actions increases as indoor air levels increase, especially when air levels are above the guideline. The NYS DOH recommends taking immediate action to reduce exposure when an air level is ten times or more higher than the guideline (that is, when the air level is 1,000 mcg/m3 or higher).
Ways to Limit Exposure to Perc in Indoor Air
In all cases, the specific actions to limit exposure to Perc in indoor air depend on a case-by-case evaluation of the situation. Removing household sources of Perc and maintaining adequate ventilation will usually help reduce indoor air levels of the chemical. A sub-slab depressurization system can reduce the amount of Perc entering indoor air by soil vapor intrusion. Use of an activated carbon filter on the water supply can reduce the amount of the chemical in contaminated well water that could evaporate into indoor air.
Reportable Detection Level
The reportable detection level for a chemical can vary depending on the analytical method used, the laboratory performing the analysis, and several other factors. Most laboratories that use the analytical methods recommended by the NYS DOH for measuring Perc in air (and approved by the National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Conference or New York State's Environmental Laboratory Approval Program) can routinely detect the chemical at concentrations below 1 mcg/m3.
Additional information on Perc, ways to reduce exposure, indoor air contamination resulting from soil vapor intrusion, indoor and outdoor air levels and the Environmental Conservation Law can be found on the NYS DOH website on the Tenant Notification page.Center for Environmental Health
Outreach and Education Group
Empire State Plaza-Corning Tower, Room 1642
Albany, New York 12237

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Man reading computer screen
How to Become a Cybersecurity Engineer
Cybersecurity engineers address the growing need for secure data and information systems by implementing security protocols to protect an organization's valuable digital assets. The position requires professionals to be experts in all areas of cybersecurity and to have a thorough understanding of computer operating procedures and methods. Utilizing their expertise in vulnerability management and computer forensics, cybersecurity engineers work to keep computer networks safe from malware, spyware, and phishing attacks. As the cybersecurity job market continues to grow, so will the need for trained cybersecurity engineers. This overview of the cybersecurity engineer profession describes the type of education to pursue, such as a Master of Science in Cybersecurity, as well as the skills needed to succeed in the field.
A Look at the Cybersecurity Engineer Career
Cybersecurity engineers evaluate their organization's information systems to prevent and detect data breaches, viruses, and other threats. They are also responsible for preparing for other risks that could harm IT infrastructure, including disasters such as fires and floods.
Cybersecurity engineers have a broad range of responsibilities. They often work with other technology professionals inside and outside their own organizations, including software engineers, programmers, and network managers; they also work closely with non-IT employees. Cybersecurity engineers may be involved in several projects at one time. On a given day, an engineer might install a firewall, meet with senior staff to recommend operational changes that could enhance security, develop new frameworks to address security issues, run cyberattack simulations to test network security, or train employees in computer security practices.
Because these data and computer network protection skill sets are in high demand across the board, cybersecurity engineers can work for a variety of organizations, such as large corporations, small businesses, and government agencies. In addition to being able to choose from a number of work environments, professionals in this field benefit from a strong job market outlook and above-average income potential. Industry research group Cyber Seek estimates an annual salary range of about $75,000 for an entry-level cybersecurity engineer to more than $120,000 for a senior position.
Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities for Cybersecurity Engineers
For a career as a cybersecurity engineer, one must have advanced programming skills and a deep understanding of technical concepts. Information security provider CompTIA lists the following as key areas in which cybersecurity engineers should have expertise: intrusion detection and prevention; penetration and vulnerability testing; firewall protocols; ethical hacking; secure coding practices; and threat modeling.
Along with these IT security skills, cybersecurity engineers must possess more generalized technical abilities related to network architecture, virtualization, database platforms, operating systems, and other relevant technologies.
Suggested Steps for Becoming a Cybersecurity Engineer
Once aspiring cybersecurity engineers are familiar with the necessary knowledge and skills to succeed in the role, they can begin the path toward a career in the field.
Academic Requirements
Many cybersecurity engineers earn a bachelor's degree in a related area, such as computer science or cybersecurity. After earning a bachelor's degree, attaining an advanced degree, such as a Master of Science in Cybersecurity (MSCY), can provide cybersecurity engineers with the advanced skills and knowledge base needed to thrive in the position. Cybersecurity engineers who have earned an MSCY degree can advance to serve in more senior roles in the field, such as Chief Information Security Officer, IT Director, Networking/Information Technology (IT) Security Engineer, and Senior Systems Engineer (Computer Networking/IT).
Norwich University's online Master of Science in Cybersecurity program provides students with the business acumen and management skills they need to qualify for senior positions and become leaders in the cybersecurity field. Through its concentrations, this advanced degree gives individuals the opportunity to specialize in particular areas of cybersecurity, which helps them become more competitive in the job market. Concentrations include Vulnerability Management; Project Management; Critical Infrastructure Protection and Cyber Crime; Cyber Law and International Perspectives on Cyberspace; and Computer Forensic Investigation and Incident Response Team Management.
On-the-Job Experience
Aspiring cybersecurity engineers need to gain professional experience to thrive in the field. Many of these professionals seek internships and entry-level positions while earning their master's degree. Doing so allows individuals to sharpen their knowledge and skills in real-world settings. For example, one might work at technology firms in entry-level positions as cybersecurity technicians, IT auditors, or incident analysts, roles that can provide them with a thorough background in cybersecurity and help them advance within the profession throughout their career.
Attaining professional certifications, either before or after becoming a cybersecurity engineer, can be beneficial for continually enhancing one's skill set. These credentials include the CompTIA Cybersecurity Analyst (CySA+) and the CompTIA Advanced Security Practitioner (CASP) certifications. As the field evolves and cybersecurity needs become more complex, cybersecurity engineers and candidates should pursue additional certifications and competencies to show employers that they are fluent in current digital trends.
As computers, data, and digital technologies have become increasingly intertwined with our day-to-day life, the need for cybersecurity engineers to protect valuable digital assets has grown within organizations of all types and sizes. By earning a Master of Science in Cybersecurity degree, aspiring and current cybersecurity engineers can gain leadership skills along with advanced technical skills to help raise their earning potential and compete for senior positions in this increasingly important field.
Learn More
Recommended Readings
How to Become an Information Security Analyst
Information Assurance vs. Information Security
6 Trending Cybersecurity Careers
Interview with a Cybersecurity Consultant, Bureau of Labor Statistics
Your Next Move: Cybersecurity Engineer, CompTIA
Cybersecurity Career Pathway, CyberSeek
Should You Become a Cybersecurity Engineer?, Cybrary
Master of Science (MS), Information Security & Assurance Degree, Payscale


Spy Mining: Pools Making Millions of Dollars by Mining Empty Blocks
If there are no transactions, there are no invalid transactions to nullify the block.
Etherdig, an Ethereum mining pool, is collecting mining fees without processing any transactions, according to Decrypt Media. And it is not the only one doing this.
Meet 'spy mining'.
What is Spy Mining?
In order to understand what spy mining is, you must first know that blocks in a blockchain do not all hold the same amount of information. For example, Bitcoin blocks have a data limit of one megabyte, and Bitcoin Cash blocks have a limit of 32 megabytes. Blocks do not necessarily have to hold this much data to be verified and added to the chain.
Blocks are verified when someone closes them by working out their hash, which is a code made up of all the data in that block. This code is necessary to form the next block. Mining pools work by broadcasting each new hash to all the miners that are signed up, and they all begin working on it.
It is not possible to create a hash without seeing the data in a block. What is possible, however, is to use a created hash to create a new block before transactions have been performed. If there are no transactions, there are no invalid transactions to nullify the block.
Miners receive these hashes by signing up to a mining pool, receiving a hash, but mining it for themselves. Thus, spy mining.
Selfish Mining
This is related to a practice called selfish mining.
This is when a miner finds a new block and works on finding its successor without broadcasting its existence to the network, giving him a head start. The drawback is if someone else competes for work on a competing block and it is accepted first, which means that the selfish miner has simply wasted time. To minimise this risk, the selfish miner has to have significant resources.
This is why people are scared of a 51 percent attack; if a mining pool controls the majority of computing power in the network, it could completely monopolise mining of that blockchain by mining selfishly.
Making Profit at the Expense of Others
Mining pools have access to these significant resources, and the results of these two practices are clear.
Suggested articles
Decrypt Media found that Etherdig has produced 1,250 blocks in the last three months, and processed exactly zero transactions. Its blocks contain only the phrase "Interim Global Authority", and it has made 3,750 ETH ($840,750 at the current price) in mining rewards over that period.
For reference, the Ethereum blockchain processes 5,800 blocks every day, holding approximately 540,000 transactions in total.
Etherdig is not the only pool engaging in this behaviour. Coinfi, a cryptocurrency market research company, found that F2Pool, the third-largest Ethereum mining pool, with 12.5 percent on the network hashrate, had mined 100 empty blocks in 24 hours, or 1.7 percent of all blocks on the network, as of the 2nd of October
Source: etherchain.org
This also happens on the Bitcoin blockchain. BitMEX found in October 2017 that 1.8 percent of blocks created by Antpool – one of the world's biggest mining pools – were empty, because it permits this practice. Bitfury, in comparison, has the opposite policy and produced no empty blocks. And we can see below the result in terms of the number of blocks processed (which equals profit).
Source: BitMEX
In March 2018, Bitcoin Magazine also reported that apart from the empty blocks, Antpool was also mining blocks with significantly fewer transactions than those of other mining pools.
A Legitimate Activity?
Blocks mined in this way are not technically invalid, and some argue that it is a legitimate profit-maximising activity.
Others claim that empty blocks are harmful to the network because they still raise the mining difficulty, which gives power to monopolistic mining pools. It also causes miners to waste time on invalid blocks, thus reducing the transaction capacity of the network.
What is certain is that it gives entities with access to large amounts of computing power even more of an advantage than they already had.
Antpool, for example, is one of the mining pools owned by Bitmain, a Chinese company that dwarfs all other players in the cryptocurrency mining industry. Spy mining is giving it yet another advantage.
Got a news tip? Let Us Know


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UVM and Champlain College have a lot of power in shaping our community, in both positive and negative ways. We often hear about how 40% of UVM's students living off campus increases non-students' housing costs, and I've written about how as two of the city's largest landlords with a captured client base, their exorbitant room and board costs likely distort rents citywide. There's a third way that UVM and Champlain College contribute to Burlington's gentrification, and that's their admissions processes which are highly geared towards very wealthy families.
Thanks to the New York Times we can see a snapshot of UVM and Champlain College students' economic backgrounds and how they compare to Burlington's residents in 2016. Both schools have high rates of students from very wealthy backgrounds and low rates of students from very poor backgrounds, particularly when compared to Burlington residents. The median college student family is nearly 3 times as wealthy as the median Burlington family.
According to their data, not only are more than half of UVM and Champlain students from the top 20% wealthiest families, but only 4%-6% of students came from the bottom 20%. College students in Burlington are wealthy at 3 times the rate that Burlington residents are, while Burlington residents have 5-8 times higher rates of poverty than college students in Burlington.
These schools function less like educational institutions striving towards equity and more like businesses trying to maximize profits and growth. That's the reason students and faculty are fighting against the administrations' cuts to programs that aren't 'making money'.
More students come from families making $2.2 million a year than families making under $22,800 a year. A full 8,000 students come from families wealthier than 82% of all Burlington households.
NYTimes data shows that the trend of students coming from families much wealthier than Burlington residents has been consistent or increasing for decades. While UVM has become slightly less accessible since the early 2000s, Champlain College has catered towards significantly wealthier students and is their student body is now comparable to UVM's.
How does an admissions process that caters to wealthy students effect low and moderate income Burlington residents? How does this process hurt low-income college students? How is such a model sustainable, and how do we keep Burlington from becoming an elite town for wealthy students and the business community that caters to them? Lastly, who is holding UVM and Champlain responsible for their role in hastening gentrification and making life harder for Burlington's low income residents including low-income college students?


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Over at Scientific American, E. Paul Zehr, author of Becoming Batman, explains why nobody could be Batman for very long. Even if you didn't get your back broken by Bane, just the wear and tear of jumping across rooftops and punching criminals would wreak havoc with your body after just a few years. The most Bruce Wayne could hope for is a career of similar length to that of an NFL player.
And here's a simple chart to show just how much Batman would be screwed after a few years:
The basic point of this figure is that very large loading events-getting crushed in Bane's powerful arms-need only occur once to cause significant injury. Other events-repeated impacts during fighting or even the strain of training-accumulate over time so that after many repetitions an injury occurs.
Tissues that are being strained-particularly those with poor blood supplies like tendon, ligament, and cartilage-are not able to fully repair themselves before another big event. Like getting bashed around. Or even just training over and over can create repetitive strain injuries. Injury can happen anywhere on that continuum.
Muscle and bone are biological tissues that have mechanical properties that help explain some of the weird things that seem to happen to us when we are injured. In mechanical terms "stress" means forces applied to a material while "strain" means the change in length or size of the tissue to which the force is applied. Basically repeated stresses lead to strains.


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Non-binary people can face harassment in gendered bathrooms because they dress differently than the way people who typically use the bathroom they're in, or because they do dress the same, but their sex assigned at birth doesn't match their gender. No one should have to worry about their safety when all they want to do is use the toilet. If every school had gender-neutral bathrooms, non-binary students can just use those and skip the whole harassment deal.People who are non-binary often are forced to choose between male and female bathrooms. If someone feels that they are neither of those, then it is unjust to make them use one of them. That's like making someone who doesn't like skirts choose between wearing pencil skirts and loose skirts their whole lives. If someone is non-binary, then they should be able to go to a bathroom that is for their gender.
If there are gender-neutral bathrooms that non-binary students can go to, they might be less likely to fear harassment, and more able to focus on schoolwork. Non-binary students should be able to focus as much as any other student on their work, and having only gender binary bathrooms can cause those students to have to worry about being intensely bullied. Every student deserves to be able to focus entirely on school.


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[Hiraoka National Flag Sampe Book]
1938 (undated) 10.5 x 12.5 in (26.67 x 31.75 cm)
This is a rare Japanese Pre-World War II era sample flag book published between 1937 and 1940. The sample book containing 25 national flags including Japan, Nazi Germany, Manchukuo, the Provisional Government of the Republic of China, England, and the United States, among others. It was issued by the Hiraoka Flag Store (平岡国旗店) of Kyoto. The 25 flags contained in the book are actual cloth flags that have been mounted to cardboard and matted.
The book is undated, but due to the flags included, we can surmise the date based upon the flags as sometime between 1937 and 1940. The swastika flag of Nazi Germany (4) is included, so it must postdate January 30, 1931. The book also notably lacks the KMT Regime flag. Following the Second Sino Japanese War (1937 - 1940), the Japanese puppet regime in Nanjing, the Provisional Government of the Republic of China (中華民國臨時政府), instituted the 'Five Races Under One Union' flag, represented here as Flag 3, and did not recognize the KMT. Similarly, the book includes he Manchukuo Flag (2), a puppet regime established by the Japanese that was active from 1932 – 1945.
This book is rare and we are aware of no other examples.
Hiraoka Flag Store (平岡国旗店, 1887 – Present) is a Japanese flag manufacturing company founded in Kyoto in 1887 (Meiji 20). The firm was founded by Shinjiro Hiraoka (初代の平岡新次郎は) who at the time also ran a Kimono business. Recognizing a demand for flags during the Russo-Japanese War (1904 – 1905), Hiraoka focused his energies on the flag business. He remained in operation throughout the Pre-War and WWII eras and, as Kyoto was never bombed, remains in operation today as Hiraoka Flag Manufacturing Co., Ltd. The company remains in the Hiraoka family.
Very good. Minor soiling and edge wear.


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NEW! CPD Event: An introduction for teachers to Once upon a Time in Lithuania
Shipley Art Gallery
09 Jul 13
Keystage: KS2, KS3, KS4, Subject: History, Self/Other and Wider World, Art, Creativity, Literacy, Local History.
We will discuss ways of using the exhibition and the Gallery's permanent collections to explore themes of remembrance, memory, identity and sense of place, as well as the consequences of prejudice and loss.


Given a text like "Hello World!" the program outputs the most frequent letter, in this case the "l".
If there are two letters with the same frequency, it outputs the first in alphabetical order, for example in the text "One" it outputs "e".
In addition upper and lower letters are counted as the same letter.
How could be this code improved?
def most_frequent_letter(text: str) -> str:
 letters_dict = {}
 text = text.lower()
 text = re.sub("[^a-z]","",text)
 for letter in text:
 if letter in letters_dict:
 letters_dict[letter] += 1
 letters_dict[letter] = 1
 value_to_key = collections.defaultdict(list)
 for key_letter, frecuency_value in letters_dict.items():
 letters = list(value_to_key.values())
 frecuencies = list(value_to_key.keys())
 return (sorted(letters[frecuencies.index(max(frecuencies))])[0])
If you are going to use the collections module at all (as you did for collections.defaultdict), then why not use collections.Counter, which offers a most_common() method?
For the most part your code is okay, however, reading what it is that you want it to do here's what I came up with...
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import re
import typing
def most_frequent_letter(text: str) -> typing.Tuple[int, list]:
 text = re.sub('[^a-z]', '', text.replace(' ', '').lower())
 letter_counts = {}
 for letter in text:
 letter_counts[letter] = letter_counts.get(letter, 0) + 1
 counted_letters = {}
 for letter, counter in letter_counts.items():
 counted_letters[counter] = counted_letters.get(counter, []) + [letter]
 max_key = max(counted_letters.keys())
 return max_key, sorted(counted_letters[max_key])
if __name__ == '__main__':
 counted, letters = most_frequent_letter('spam ham jello spam')
 print("{counted} -> {letter}".format(
 counted = counted,
 letter = letters[0]))
... while I don't know that it's an improvement overall it does return results that may be of use...
3 -> a
Note if ya want the whole list use the following instead under that last if statement...
#...
 print("{counted} -> {letters}".format(
 counted = counted,
 letters = letters))
#... Should output...
# 3 -> ['a','m']
... while also not counting spaces as letters; which is the only thing that seemed missing from your implementation.
I didn't see any need to use if statements (within the function) so didn't include'em, because dictionaries have a handy get method that allows for defaulting nonexistent key value pares. And I didn't see any use in using collections though it was tempting to use _USER_'s suggestion.
One thing about your code that I do still question though is why are ya wrapping the returned value within parentheses?
Your code appears to be correct, but I have a few comments.
First, using the typing, re, and collections modules is perhaps somewhat overkill for what you are trying to achieve. For small programs, it's best to make use of the built-in functions, and methods of build-in types, rather than to import modules, if possible. In particular, the string methods can be useful, and I've found the max, map, all, and any functions to be handy.
Second, while it wasn't specified what the function should do given an empty string, it would be prudent to handle this case. Currently, your code will throw an error; I think it would make sense to return the letter 'a'.
Third, parts of your code are a bit difficult to read. In particular, this expression
required some concentration to understand. I'm not sure how this could be improved. I think the problem is that by this point I've lost track of what the data-structures look like.
That's it for comments. To finish, here is an approach to the problem that I think would be considered quite Pythonic:
def most_frequent_letter(text):
 often in the given string. Case is ignored."""
 alphabet = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
 return max(alphabet, key=text.lower().count)
The max function will return the first maximal element in the list, where the value being maximised is the result of applying the function key. So in this case, it will return the alphabetically first letter with the (joint) highest count in the lowercased text.
You could import the latin alphabet from the string module, if you'd rather not type it out:
from string import ascii_lowercase
I would work on:
 - becoming more familiar with the built-in methods and functions;
 - writing code with the human reader in mind: try to keep the state of variables simple and self-evident. Ideally a line of code should be somewhat comprehensible in isolation without having to use working memory to mentally build up the state of the variables from the previous lines of the program.
Your Answer


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You have a crjewelryeautiful piece of jewellery with transparent resin, but you're worried that it might turn yellow over time.
How can you prevent that? This is a question I'm asked a lot by people who are starting out in resin jewelry making, so I'll answer it here in detail.
Here's everything you need to know about keeping your clear epoxy from turning yellow and looking like old cheese:
How do you keep transparent resin from turning yellow?
- Wash your hands, the resin container, and all tools with soap and warm water before you begin. A clean workspace is a great way to start.
- Cure the resin under UV light to clear it as soon as possible after pouring.
Does transparent resin yellow?
The answer is yes and no. It depends on what type of resin you're using and whether or not you use a UV light when curing it.
- If the clear resin you're using has a blue colorant in it, then no matter what, it'll turn yellow over time. This is because the yellowing occurs as a result of exposure to sunlight (both natural sunlight and artificial UV lights).
How do you clean transparent resin?
- Use a toothbrush and soap.
- Use a toothbrush and baking soda.
- Use a toothbrush and vinegar.
- Use a toothbrush and lemon juice.
- Use a toothbrush and hydrogen peroxide (3% solution).
- Use a toothbrush and rubbing alcohol (isopropyl or 70% solution).
- You can also use: water, salt, baking powder or baking soda, and dishwashing liquid with bleach added (1 part bleach to 4 parts dishwashing liquid)
Can you print clear resin?
Yes, you can print with clear resin.
There are three main types of 3D printers that can be used to print in clear resin: SLA printers, DLP printers, and resin printers. Each type has its own pros and cons but they all work similarly enough to be explained in one article!
What resin does not turn yellow?
You can prevent yellowing in resins that have a low viscosity and are exposed to UV light. This includes polyester, epoxy, and polyurethane resins.
Polyester resin is a common clear resin with good clarity and impact strength that doesn't yellow when exposed to direct sunlight; however, it will yellow over time in indirect sunlight (think of the sun through clouds).
Epoxy resin is another common clear resin with good clarity, but it's more expensive than polyester resins and also yellowed when exposed to direct sunlight (and indirect).
Polyurethane is another type of clear resin that doesn't turn yellow when exposed directly or indirectly
Why is my epoxy turning yellow?
If your epoxy is turning yellow, it's not because of the resin. If it were, the whole batch would be affected, and that's not usually the case. Here are some of the most common reasons why epoxies turn yellow:
- Your vinyl has a UV inhibitor in it, so when exposed to sunlight or even fluorescent bulbs (which emit UV radiation), your resin will turn yellow over time as a result of this pigment. If you see this happening in just one area of your project, then it may be that only that particular piece was laminated with a vinyl-containing inhibitor. In most cases though, if there's anything at all on hand that can prevent this from happening then use it!
- You used a base coat for your project rather than just dipping into a clear coat or brushing on clear paint alone because… well… why would you do that? Anyway – back up! You've got yourself an entire "tinting" issue going here which can easily be solved by switching out colors again to something more appropriate like black instead of blue or red instead of orange etcetera…
How long before resin turns yellow?
It depends on a few things:
- The resin itself. Some resins are more yellowing than others. If you're using a particularly yellowing resin, it will probably turn a more golden color faster than other types of resin would.
- The cure time and temperature of your curing process. If you're using an oven or heat gun to cure your resin, the higher the temperature and longer the exposure time (i.e., how long it takes to get from room temperature to full cure), the greater chance that any impurities in your clear resin will start reacting with one another as they come together during the thermal bonding process, which can result in discoloration over time (this also applies when drying out too slowly). This is why it's so important to use quality materials when making jewelry pieces!
- Whether or not there are any impurities present inside your mix before its cured state comes about; if so then this would mean that these particles will actually cause direct damage to them once they reach their hardened state through thermal bonding processes during curing times for example when using an oven or heat gun technique methodologies like those listed above."
How do you polish resin by hand?
- Use microfiber cloths. Microfiber cloths are very effective at removing fingerprints and dust from resin, particularly if they're dampened with water first.
- Use polishing compounds. Compounds are used to help remove stubborn dirt or stains from resin items that have been stained by food or drink spills in the past, as well as other substances such as ink and grease. They can be applied using a buffing wheel on your electric drill if you want to go all out; otherwise, it can also work well with a soft rag or cloth by hand (but make sure not to get any residue on any part of your body).
- Use buffing pads when needed for hard-to-remove stains like lipstick marks or grease stains from cooking utensils like spatulas (they won't work for everything). These can be found at most hardware stores such as Home Depot—they look like dish scrubbers with loops of metal wire sticking out between each loop instead of foam padding—and sometimes come included with kits sold specifically targeted toward cleaning up after working with acrylic paints so keep an eye out!
In conclusion, keeping transparent resin from yellowing is a bit of a balancing act. If you want to maintain the integrity of your work and prevent it from becoming discolored over time, then follow these simple tips: don't let your resin sit for too long in direct sunlight or leave it out in extreme temperatures (like heat/cold).


text:
This paper, submitted to Astronomy Education Review, describes a series of activities in which students investigate and use the models of planetary motion introduced by the Hellenistic astronomer Claudius Ptolemy in the 2nd Century, by the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus in the mid-16th Century, and by the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe in the late16th Century. The activities involve the use of open source software to help students discover important observational facts, learn the necessary vocabulary, understand the fundamental properties of different theoretical models, and relate the theoretical models to observational data. Once they understand the observations and models, students complete a series of projects in which they observe a fictitious solar system with four planets orbiting in circles around a central star and construct both Ptolemaic and Copernican models for that system.
Activities on Using Stellarium to Observe Solar and Planetary Motions
This zip archive contains two activity handouts that guide students through using open source planetarium software (Stellarium, available at… more... download 211kb.zip
Published: January 4, 2013
Modeling the History of Astronomy Poster
A poster describing the same material, presented at the Winter Meeting of the American Association of Physics Teachers, January 2013, New Orleans, LA. download 370kb.pdf
Published: January 11, 2013
%A Todd Timberlake %T Modeling the History of Astronomy: Ptolemy, Copernicus and Tycho %D January 10, 2013 %U _URL_ %O application/pdf
%0 Report %A Timberlake, Todd %D January 10, 2013 %T Modeling the History of Astronomy: Ptolemy, Copernicus and Tycho %8 January 10, 2013 %U _URL_
Disclaimer: ComPADRE offers citation styles as a guide only. We cannot offer interpretations about citations as this is an automated procedure. Please refer to the style manuals in the Citation Source Information area for clarifications.


text:
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders among Native Americans
This resource answers questions related to Native Americans, a population with high rates of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, in regards to the work of FASD.
Native American cultures, which encompass American Indian, Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian tribes, are rich with history, tradition, spirituality, and art. There are 562 Federally recognized tribes across the United States, each with its own distinctive identity. However,one thing many tribes share is alcohol problems and other health disparities.
Native American populations experience significant health issues compared with the general population. They have higher death rates from alcoholism, tuberculosis, diabetes,accidents, suicide, homicide, and other causes. Their life expectancy is 6 years lower than the U.S. average. (Authors)
Type of Resource:


text:
; i.e., t6 also results in 6 invariant pcs).
As another example, consider set 6-7*, 012678, with iv=420243. The iv tells us that there will be 4 pcs invariant when t=1 (or t11), 2pcs invariant when t=2 (or t10), no pcs invariant when t=3 (or t9), 2 pcs invariant when t=4 (or t8), 4 pcs invariant when t=5 (or t7), and 6 pcs invariant when t=6.
Inversion can and often does lead to pc invariance. But, this operation needs to be considered in combination with transposition, i.e., TnI, representing a transposition n of the inversion. The easiest way to determine this type of pc invariance is to form an addition table with the set represented horizontally and vertically. Let us take 2478 as an example.
Notice that the set is placed at the top, horizontally, and down the left side, vertically. The numbers within the table are the sums at the intersections of the pins. By tallying these numbers we can ascertain the invariant pcs under TnI. For example, the two 9s reveal that there are 2 common pcs at T9I. Further, the table tells us which pcs are invariant under this T, namely those that create the intersection: 2 and 7. The two 4s indicate 2 common pcs at T4I, and they are 2 and 8, etc.


Designers of Color in Fashion History :: Patrick Kelly
Designers of Color in Fashion History :: Patrick Kelly
I was astonished to learn that Jay Jaxon was the first American (and by default, African American) haute couturier. He is not widely known, so it stands to reason that this extraordinary fact about him must be little known, too. So, I found myself surprised, again, when reading up on Patrick Kelly. In the late 80's Kelly was the first American and person of color to become a member of the exclusive Chambre Syndicale du Prêt-à-Porter. Though Kelly enjoyed a degree of success and recognition during his lifetime, that has endured after his passing, I imagine that this honor felt like a huge validation of his talent and vision as a designer.
After all, the world he would eventually inhabit was light years away from his humble, but proud, beginnings. In his working class Mississippi home, Kelly was surrounded by female family members with a flair for making-do and mending. He was introduced to embellishing, reworking and otherwise refashioning from a very early age. It was here that his social consciousness was raised, too. According to reports, Kelly noticed the lack of African American women featured in magazines. His grandmother explained that designers did not think of them when making clothes. This, perhaps, provides some reasoning for the imagery he used in his work. Golliwogs previously had no place in haute couture.
Kelly began what would become his life's work, to clothe ALL women, by starting with his junior high classmates whom he designed and sewed dresses for. Later, Kelly attended Jackson State University where he studied art history and African American history. Eventually driven out by the prejudice and racism he experienced, he left his hometown to pursue a career in fashion.
On his own and living in Atlanta, he began to make clothes again. This time, to sell. His work sorting donations at AMVETS (an American veterans' organization, there) gave him access to a wealth of designer clothing. He refashioned the garments and sold them alongside his original designs. This allowed him to work as a window dresser at the Yves Saint Laurent Rive Gauche Boutique for free. The position gave him a crucial in with the fashion industry elite. His volunteerism paid off. Kelly began to draw a salary at the St Laurent boutique and eventually opened his own selling vintage. In addition to this, he taught classes at a modeling school where Pat Cleveland, a notable person of color in fashion's history in her own right, encouraged him to go to New York.
Taking the advice to heart, Kelly studied design at Parsons in New York City before landing in Paris where he really began to make his mark. Calling on his combined influences: skills he learned at the feet of his family, showmanship developed while in school, technical skills honed at Parsons and the hustle he displayed when volunteering at the St Laurent boutique, Patrick sold his designs on the streets of Paris. To much acclaim. This is not an easy thing to do. According to Christian Lacroix, "The French function according to love at first sight. If they fall in love with you, they accept you. And Patrick is very lovable. Everybody loves him." It's as simple as that. Or is it? Patrick was driven. He took risks. He worked hard. His success did not come from nowhere.
Kelly went on to produce unique collections, presented in electrifying (for their time) shows. He remained true to his mission by designing with all women in mind and kept an ear to the street so that his work was reflective of what was in Parisian style. He believed in making affordable clothing, the kind of luxury that women like his mother, aunt and grandmother could have worn in their time. He achieved a level of success that those women, his "full-figured girls", did not think possible. He had clothes in the finest boutiques, magazine spreads in Elle and so many orders and freelance jobs that he hadn't vacationed in years. His creations were worn by princesses (like Diana) actresses (like Jane Seymour) and the singers (like Madonna and Grace Jones). It was the all singing, all dancing Patrick Kelly show.
But that show would not go on. Kelly's full and fabulous life was cut short at age 35(ishhe was secretive about his actual year of birth). Though the original cause of death was attributed to bone marrow disease and a brain tumor, it was later confirmed that Kelly was HIV positive and his death was AIDS related. Unlike the houses of other famous designers, Kelly's folded after his death. One can't help but wonder what led to this. Kelly had a seemingly vast (and influential) circle of friends. Did legal issues play into the demise of his house? Was there a clash of interests that led its standstill? Are there other, notable designers of color whose work died with them?
This article originally appeared at Handmaker's Factory.
There's a lot more information available about Patrick Kelly than there was about Jay Jaxon. Spend a little time getting to know more about him and he'll start feeling like a long lost friend!
11 thoughts on "Designers of Color in Fashion History :: Patrick Kelly
 - You're so welcome!! It is a shame that it didn't continue but I think Sonja (of Ginger Makes) brought up a great point in her comment. His vision was so unique it was hard to continue without him.
 1. This is really interesting, thank you! It's great to read his story, and all the work he had to put in to get where he did. Maybe the lack of a legacy could be related to HIV/Aids, would there still have been a stigma around it in the early 90s in France?
 - You're welcome, Kathryn! Your point is a valid one. His cause of death was initial cause of death was incorrect because they wanted to hide the real cause. This was true of many artists from that era.
 2. Wow, what an interesting guy! He really traveled a unique path to designing his own label. I appreciate that he fought for inclusivity in a world that's definitely not known for that. His house's failure after his death speaks to the fact that his vision and drive were so completely his own that they couldn't be replaced.
 - I think your assessment is the right one. He did have a pretty unique vision. His life experiences so greatly influenced his art, it would be pretty difficult to produce the same kind of work without him.
 I think a similar issue was overcome when Alexander McQueen died. The later work is not like his, though it's still awesome. But, his house had much longer to establish itself and the precedent for takeover had been set by so many others. So maybe that all made a difference?
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No, this is not a new Nintendo Wii game. This is actually research project at the University of Southern Denmark. The project is called Casmobot (Computer Assisted Slope Mowing Robot). 'The Casmobot project is about making grass cutting more efficient,' said Kjeld Jensen, a robotics researcher at the University of Southern Denmark who developed the system. It uses a standard Wiimote that communicates via Bluetooth to a computer and robotics module built into the mower. Actions of the mower are matched to tilt actions of the remote. For example, if you tilt the remote down the mower moves forwards; tilt it up, and it moves backwards, and so on. The Wiimote can be used to control the mower manually or in computer-assisted mode, where the mower uses autonomous navgiation based on RTK GPS positioning to cut larger areas."
See video below.


The Abdominal Plain FilmGasless vs FeaturelessThis is a featured page
Gasless and featureless abdominal plain films have a 'look of the abnormal'. This page examines the difference between gasless and featureless patterns and their significance.
A gasless abdominal plain film refers to an absence or minimum of gas in the gastrointestinal tract.
A featureless abdominal plain film is one in which there is little or no visualisation of the normal abdominal viscera.
The Gasless Abdominal Plain Film
Gas in the gastrointestinal tract can commonly accumulate from two sources. Firstly, gas in the stomach and small bowel can be ingested with food. Some patients habitually air swallow or may air-swallow when in pain. Gas in the large bowel can be endogenous, resulting from fermentation processes of faecal material.
An absence of gastrointestinal gas on abdominal plain film is not specifically abnormal (but is suspect). However, consideration should be given to the possibility of a gasless obstruction. Equally, a check of the patient history may reveal relevant information such as total colectomy.
-A gasless abdomen could indicate
-Patient is not an 'air-swallower'
-Mesenteric ischaemia
-Obstruction of the stomach or oesophagus
-Persistent vomiting from conditions such as pancreatitis or gastroenteritis
Stephen R. Baker
The Abdominal Plain Film
1990, p161
Normal Gasless Small Bowel
The Abdominal Plain FilmDifferentiating Large and Small Bowel - wikiRadiography This patient appears to have a gasless small bowel. Fluid-filled loops of small bowel are present but are never as well visualised as air-filled loops.
There is debate regarding what is a normal amount of small bowel gas. Gas enters the small bowel during eating and drinking. Some people habitually air-swallow while others air-swallow at times of stress or when they are in pain. If the patient is air-swallowing at a higher rate than the small bowel can absorb the air, it will be visualised in the bowel. Some texts will claim that up to seven fluid levels in the small bowel on an erect abdominal film can be normal. Most texts quote a more conservative figure (2 is common).
Don't confuse gasless with featureless. A featureless abdomen can be a result of tumour or ascites. This patient has a gasless rather than featureless abdomen. Note that the renal, liver, psoas muscles and urinary bladder outlines are visualised
Note also that this abdominal film is not guaranteed to be normal. It could represent an early gasless small bowel obstruction. Clinical correlation is required.
Gasless Small Bowel Obstruction
The Abdominal Plain FilmDifferentiating Large and Small Bowel - wikiRadiography You could be forgiven for thinking that this patient has been drinking dilute gastrografin. This appearance is a gasless small bowel obstruction and the opaque looking small bowel loops (white arrow) are filled with normal succus entericus, and/or ingested fluid, rather than gastrografin. If you compare this image with the gasless small bowel image above you can see that this small bowel is significantly more prominent.
There can be difficulty in distinguishing an early gasless small bowel obstruction from a normal appearance of the small bowel in someone who has just eaten a large meal.
Clinical correlation and follow-up imaging will usually provide confidence in the diagnosis.
The large bowel is not clearly visualised suggesting that it may be collapsed.
The Abdominal Plain Film in Clinical Context - wikiRadiography This patient has Crohn's disease and has had a previous colectomy. Note the absence of the large bowel. Note also a faint suggestion of a stoma in the left iliac fossa.
The Featureless Abdominal Plain Film
The Abdominal Plain FilmGasless vs Featureless - wikiRadiography This patient has prominent loops of gas-filled small and large bowel. The normal abdominal viscera are not demonstrated. Apart from the prominent bowel, the abdomen is featureless. The cause of this appearance is a large quantity of ascites. Note that the liver, spleen, kidneys, psoas and urinary bladder outlines are not seen. The reason that the bowel is somewhat centrally located is that it is floating in the ascites.
If you are suspicious that the patient has air-filled bowel floating in ascites, it can be useful to perform an erect or decubitus view. This left lateral decubitus view demonstrates that the air-filled bowel floats up to the right flank which is the least dependant part of the abdominal cavity in the left lateral decubitus position.
Note that this is not a "right decubitus"- The 'right' annotation refers to the right side of the abdomen and the "decubitus" annotation refers to the patient position.
The Abdominal Plain FilmGasless vs Featureless - wikiRadiography
The Abdominal Plain FilmGasless vs Featureless - wikiRadiography
This is more likely to be tumour than blood or ascites
Bowel loops look more like they are pushed down by tumour(s) rather than floating in fluid
Mass Effect
The Abdominal Plain FilmGasless vs Featureless - wikiRadiography
This patient has a rounded mass (arrowed) which appears to be displacing bowel. Note that the psoas shadows are preserved suggesting that the mass is not adjacent to the psoas muscles.
The Abdominal Plain FilmGasless vs Featureless - wikiRadiography
The CT abdomen shows the mass (arrowed) sited anterior to the psoas muscles.
BloodAAA
The Abdominal Plain FilmGasless vs Featureless - wikiRadiography
This patient presented to the Emergency Department with a known history of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA).
The aneurysmal abdominal aorta is visible (arrow) because of its calcified wall. The abdominal viscera are not well visualised. The psoas, renal and kidney outlines are not well demonstrated. This raises the question of whether the AAA is leaking blood into the peritoneal cavity.
BloodRuptured Viscus
The Abdominal Plain FilmGasless vs Featureless - wikiRadiography
This patient presented to the Emergency Department after a car accident. He looked pale. He had a falling blood pressure which stopped falling spontaneously (sign of retroperitoneal bleed with self-tamponade).
The supine abdominal plain film demonstrates a featureless pattern. There are no clearly defined psoas, kidneys or spleen. A CT abdominal scan revealed extensive laceration of his left kidney and spleen.
Artifact is external to patient
Gasless and featureless plain abdominal films often strike the observer as having an unusual appearance. It is useful to be able to distinguish between those images that are likely to be normal from those that are not. As with all abdominal plain film imaging, the appearance of the abdomen on plain film can have greater meaning when placed in the context of patient history, clinical presentation and other test results.
back to the applied radiography home page
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When creating a new invoice from a Vendor record in FE NXT > Payables, or editing an existing invoice, the error, Failed to save Invoice. Error: Object variable or With block variable not set, may occur when saving the invoice. In some instances the invoice may save anyway, but this may not always be the case.
We are currently evaluating this issue and will update this article when we have more information.
Steps to Duplicate
1. In FE NXT > Payables > Vendors > Pick a Vendor > Click add an Invoice 2. Enter an Invoice number, amount and description 3. Click to Edit the debit account to be something else 4. Click Save 5. Sometimes receive error, Failed to save Invoice. Error: Object variable or With block variable not set *Sometimes the Invoice saves anyway


Why Are My Rip Cuts Drifting on My Table Saw?
Table saws are power tools for many woodwork shop projects. However, they experience problems, and rip cuts drifting is one of the major issues you will deal with. Table saw drift is the tendency of the blade to veer to the right or left when making a cut with the rip fence.
This could be the blade straying off the cutting line or when the wood seems to be pulled away from the fence during the ripping process. So, if you're asking yourself: why are my rip cuts drifting on my table saw?, keep on reading.
Why Are My Rip Cuts Drifting on My Table Saw?
Rip cuts drifting on a table saw is a common problem that many woodwork experts experience. Your rip cuts are drifting on your table saw when the blade is slightly damaged, you're using cheap blades, the blade does not track to the center of the tires or guides are not properly adjusted.
Rip cut drifting can also occur when your saw is not properly set up or does not have a high-quality and sharp table saw blade that is correctly installed and tensioned. As a result, the chances of adjusting for drift are very minimal.
Since all contractor table saws and blades differ in their setup, you must ensure that you follow the manufacturer's specifications and instructions to correct the drifting.
Man checking his table saw blades
Rip cuts drifting on table saws is a common phenomenon that most wood work enthusiasts deal with. The amount of drifting on your table saw will vary from very minor to very bad.
However, most table saws will exhibit rip cut drifting to some magnitude. Blade drifting usually occurs when the operator is using a rip fence.
How to Eliminate Rip Cuts Drifting
Rip cut drifting may occur to the right or to the left and should be eliminated because it will affect the quality of your cuts. If the rip cut drifting is to the right, you can adjust the blade marginally forward or towards you on the upper wheel. If the drift occurs to the left, then you should adjust your blade slightly towards the back of your upper wheel.
Making these minor adjustments will tweak your blade slightly and this can help to steer it and compensate for the drift. This is an easy and fast method of preventing rip cut drifting and is worth a try. Without rip cuts drifting, you are assured of premium quality cuts that will enhance the outcome of your woodwork project.
Why You Should Prevent Rip Cuts Drifting
Attaining rip cuts involves sliding a board across the face of your saw while still touching the rip fence to help with the direction of the blade. If the board drifts away from your table saw rip fence, the cut will be crooked and you may even experience kickback.
Man trying to determine why are his rip cuts drifting on his table saw
Kickback usually happens when the rotating blade of the saw seizes a part of the wood being cut, lifts it up, and then throws it at a very high speed. Kickback is extremely dangerous since the blade is spinning towards you and the wood that is flung in your direction may result in a serious injury.
Furthermore, your hands may also be thrown to the blade, leaving you with minor cuts or causing you to lose your fingers to the blade. Kickback also occurs during rip cuts and can cause harm to the operator or others in the woodwork shop.
Preventing Kickback
You can prevent kickback by using the right safety technique and equipment. For example, you can use a riving knife as a physical barrier to prevent the wood pieces from drifting to the back teeth found on the spiraling blade. You can also use a push stick or push block coupled with a method known as three points pressure.
Apart from protecting you, the three pressure points system will also offer a better cut. By maintaining the three pressure points, you will be assured of less drifting, straight cuts and kickback risks will be minimized. The secret is to ensure the woodwork materials move smoothly through the saw's cut path without allowing any drifting on the blade.
Man using a safety tool to cut his wood on a table saw
Related Questions
Let's tackle two more questions before we wrap up this article.
What are Table Saw Rip Cuts?
These are cuts that are made lengthwise and usually parallel to the wood grain's direction. For instance, when installing floor planks, window, or door frames, you may need to shave off about a half-inch from the board's length, or you may have a sheet of plywood that requires cutting lengthwise to fit a subfloor installation layout.
What is the Three Points of Pressure Technique?
The three pressure points technique is a method of applying pressure forward to the blade, downwards, and inwards towards the fence. When running wood pieces through your saw, the three pressure points must be applied to prevent kickback and guarantee little or no rip cuts drifting.
A table saw is one of the best tools to use when rip cutting. However, for safe cutting, you must make adjustments on your saw or use safety equipment to prevent rip cuts from drifting. This should be part of your routine maintenance to ensure you get straight cuts and prevent any hazards like kickbacks.


Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Engines
New gas and dual fuel engine developments for significant carbon dioxide reduction are focused on using compressed natural gas (CNG).
Especially direct injection of gas can deliver more torque at low rpm and offers high driving enjoyment.
The mixture formation of gas with fresh air is distinctively different compared to liquid fuels due to the mixture formation. Knowledge about high time-resolved air-fuel-ratio evolution within each cycle is necessary for optimizing gas engine parameters.
 - high efficient gas engines
 - dual fuel Diesel engines
LaVision provides measurement systems for
Variation of crank angle resolved air/fuel equivalence ratio %lambda% in gas engine recorded with ICOS-CNG.
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Yellow-shouldered Amazon Parrots
Useful Webpages: General Information about Amazon Parrots... Amazon Species... Amazon Photo Gallery.... The Diseases of the Amazon Parrots... Amazon Nutrition / Diet... Amazon Parrots as Pets... Amazon Parrot Incubation Data
The Yellow-shouldered Parrot or Yellow-shouldered Amazon (Amazona barbadensis barbadensis) is endemic to northern Venezuela, the Venezuelan islands of Margarita and La Blanquilla, and the island of Bonaire (Netherlands Antilles).
This parrot has become extinct on Aruba and possibly also on Curaçao (Netherlands Antilles).
Outside the breeding seasons, they are highly gregarious when not breeding, forming flocks of up to 100 birds.
The Yellow-shouldered Amazon averages 31 - 33 cm (~12.4 inches) in length (from head to tip of the tail).
Its plumage is mostly green, with yellow patches on the head, shoulders, around the eyes, and often over the ear openings and chin. The thighs and the bend of the wing (also known as "shoulders") are also yellow, but both can be difficult to see.
It has bare, white eye-rings and a red patch on the wings. The throat, cheeks and belly often have a bluish tinge. It has broad dark blue tips to the flight feathers and a red wing-speculum. Its beak is horn colored.
Similar Species ID:
Within its range, the yellow shoulder patch and extensive yellow on the head distinguish the Yellow-shouldered Amazon from other Amazon Parrot species, which have red or orange on the shoulder and less yellow on the head (the Orange-winged Amazon, which has as much yellow to the head as some Yellow-shouldered Amazons, has a blue eye region).
However, outside its range, several other Amazon Parrot species have as much or even more yellow on their heads.
Vocalizations / Calls:
The Yellow-shouldered Amazon call is a rolling cur'r'r'k.
Diet and feeding
Its primary diet consists of fruits, seeds and cactus flowers.
The Yellow-shouldered Amazon Parrots nest in tree cavities. The average clutch size consists of 3 to 4 eggs, which are incubated for 26 - 28 days
Yellow-shouldered Amazons as Pets:
Yellow-Shouldered Amazons are rare Amazons with engaging personalities. They are inquisitive and curious to the point of being "nosy" and their gentle nature only adds to their charm.
Always playful, Yellow Shoulders are active Amazons that require a cage stocked with toys. They can be quite the acrobats so swings and hanging toys are also a must.
Yellow Shoulders can become accomplished talkers and are usually very outgoing. Our breeding pairs of Yellow Shoulders always have words for us as we service their flight.
Yellow Shoulders, like all Amazons adore a bath and will display and talk nonstop as they bathe under the spray of warm water. Curious as they are, Yellow Shoulders will quickly investigate anything placed in their food bowls so feeding a proper diet is very important. Yellow Shoulders are rare Amazons and are listed on Appendix I of CITES. We occasionally offer them as life-long companions (Source: R&B Aviary.com - Breeder & Parrot Connoisseur)
Species: Scientific: Amazona barbadensis barbadensis... English: Yellow-shouldered Amazon... Dutch: Geelvleugelamazone, Geelschouderamazone... German: Gelbschulteramazone... French: Amazone à épaulettes jaunes... CITES I - Protected Species
Sub-Species / Races Including Nominate: barbadensis, rothschildi
Distribution: Coast of Venezuela, Aruba in the Netherlands Antilles
Species: Scientific: Amazona barbadensis rothschildi... English: Rothschild's Amazon... Dutch: Rothschilds Geelvleugelamazone... German: Rothschilds Gelbschulteramazone... French: Petite amazone à épaulettes jaunes - CITES I - Protected Species
Distribution: Bonaire in the Netherlands Antilles, Islands Coast Venezuela
Average Length: 33 cm / 13.2 in (includes tail)
High Quality Species Photos, Videos and/or Articles Contributions are welcome! Click here to upload articles and images.
Please Note: The images on this page are the sole property of the photographers (unless marked as Public Domain). Please contact the photographers directly with respect to any copyright or licensing questions. Thank you.
The Avianweb strives to maintain accurate and up-to-date information; however, mistakes do happen. If you would like to correct or update any of the information, please send us an e-mail. THANK YOU!


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Updated at 12:30 p.m. with Senate vote
WASHINGTON (CNN) - The U.S. Senate on Thursday was scheduled to consider a resolution apologizing to African-Americans for the wrongs of slavery.
The nonbinding resolution sponsored by Sen. Tom Harkin, D-Iowa, is similar to a House resolution adopted last year that acknowledged the wrongs of slavery but offered no reparations.
Several states have passed similar resolutions, but the House resolution was the first time a branch of the federal government did so.
Harkin's resolution "acknowledges the fundamental injustice, cruelty, brutality and inhumanity of slavery, and Jim Crow laws," and "apologizes to African-Americans on behalf of the people of the United States, for the wrongs committed against them and their ancestors who suffered under slavery and Jim Crow laws."
Jim Crow, or Jim Crow laws, were state and local laws enacted mostly in the Southern and border states of the United States between the 1870s and 1965, when African-Americans were denied the right to vote and other civil liberties, and were legally segregated from whites.
Some members of the African-American community have called on lawmakers to give cash payments or other financial benefits to descendants of slaves as compensation for the suffering caused by slavery.
UPDATE: The measure passed the Senate Thursday on a voice vote. While the House passed a similar resolution last year, the chamber will have to vote on it again this session. It is unclear if and when the House will take it up.
The measure will not go to the president because this is a non-binding resolution of the Congress.


text:
Import data from a CSV file into Trello cards. Assign members, include formatted text, and add the cards to your desired Trello lists all in one simple upload.
1. Connect your Trello account
2. Upload your CSV file
3. Map the columns you wish to import
4. Start the import and see the results in Trello


Patheos Watermark
Rituals and Worship
Sacred Time
Reformed sacred time is organized by a liturgical calendar that celebrates all the major events in the life of Jesus and of the early Church throughout the course of each year.
Sacred Space
Sacred space in the Reformed tradition is characterized by a relatively austere aesthetic, and is designed to focus attention on preaching and on the two sacraments of baptism and the Lord's Supper.
Rites and Ceremonies
The meaning of the sacraments of baptism and the Lord's Supper have been among the most important and contentious aspects of Reformed theology, setting Reformed Christians off not just from Catholics but from other Protestants as well.
Worship and Devotion in Daily Life
Reformed daily life is shaped by the doctrine of the priesthood of all believers (which in Calvinism leads to idea of vocation and the Protestant work ethic), by an increased focus on all aspects of the personal lives of parishioners, and by a requirement for increased levels of education.
Reformed symbolism tends to be fairly austere, and directs attention to the key doctrines of salvation by faith (as a gift of the Spirit), the priesthood of all believers (and so a downplaying of symbols setting aside ministers as different from others), and sola scriptura (the importance of the Bible).