text:
What is IBMC?
____ Each year Turner Fenton Secondary School hosts the International Baccalaureate Mentorship Conference (IBMC) to help ease the transition for grade nine students from their middle school in to the Middle Years Program (MYP). The International Baccalaureate Mentorship Conference is a one day conference that provides the opportunity to interact with other students in the, Middle Years and Diploma program.
We look forward to seeing you at the 2013 International Baccalaureate Mentorship Conference on September 14th for a fun-filled and informative day!
The conference aims to help new students gain a better understanding of the years they face ahead in the IB program. It provides students with the background, knowledge, and skills necessary to excel throughout the four years of the IB program. IBMC helps nurture a foundation for the new students to become well-rounded individuals that excel academically and contribute to the school community.
At IBMC, grade nine students will become delegates and take part in team-building activities that foster confidence and collaboration amongst their peers. Throughout the conference, delegates enjoy several fun-filled entertaining activities that give them an unforgettable experience. Their day also includes teacher-led lessons that clarify the philosophy component and requirements of the IB program; such as the Learner Profile, Areas of Interaction and a Personal Project. The three hundred delegates that participate in IBMC are given the opportunity to have fun, make new friends and gain essential skills for the years ahead.
The idea for the conference came from 3 grade 12 IB students who wanted to foster the relationships among the older grade 11 and 12 IB students and the incoming grade 9 MYP students. Today this conference is organized by 30 IB student volunteers in 10 months of planning. The, delegates gain insight and understanding about the IB program from both teachers, and students enriched with experiences of the IB program.


Rectal cancer history
 Ann Ital Chir ; The purpose of our study was to analyse the immediate and remote results obtained after MOR and to identify rectal cancer history factors that might influence the outcome.
 rectal cancer history hpv definition synonym
 We excluded patients with hepatic metastatic tumors and those who needed pelvic exenteration. Between andin our service, have been treated with MOR patients, being included in our study.
 cancer de colon quimioterapia preventiva viermi de unguent de zinc pentru viermi
 We analysed morbidity, mortality and survival after MOR and the factors that could have influenced the postoperative course. RESULTS: Identified risk factors that negatively influenced the postoperative outcome were: diabetes, personal neoplastic pathologies, associated cardiovascular disease, history of major surgeries, intraoperative blood loss, number of resected organs.
 rectal cancer history papillomavirus symptomes femme
 Survival was negatively influenced by positive resection margins, the presence of lymph node metastases and the presence of complications in the postoperative period. All mentioned above underline the importance of the experience that the surgical team has in this type of surgeries, in order to achieve optimum results.
 colorectal cancer folfox
 This experience must concern the preoperative management, surgical technique and postoperative rectal cancer history.


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Front Porch is an organization committed to connecting rural populations to resources required to improve the conditions of life and expand economic opportunities.
In low-income rural populations around the world, a pattern exists in which the people of these communities lack access to resources that they need not only to survive, but to thrive. Over 2/3 of these populations have limited or no access to necessities, including adequate shelter, potable water, education, and health care. The most isolated communities are often outside the view and awareness of governmental and non-governmental agencies and are the last people to receive needed help—if help is provided at all. These are the communities that we serve, as they are the most entrenched in the poverty cycle.
We help communities define their needs through a community visioning process and provide the strategies needed to access resources. This may come in the form of seed money to get a school or resource center built, connection to agency support and/or training, providing guidance to local leaders in navigating resources accessibility, connecting people with needed tools or technology to learn or improve skills, the design, materials and program to build a community resource center—the opportunities are endless. Once we help identify a community's needs, Front Porch provides assistance by preparing a plan, establishing the program, and facilitating the creation of a long-term process to maintain progress and function.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Hold hands
Navigation General / Other Used to request that two divers hold hands. Often used with pointing to indicate the divers you arereferring to.
1 hand signal for hold hands
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text:
The design of vibro compaction method is mainly based on experiment and engineering practice.
The stress distribution and foundation soil strength can be determined according to the load of upper building.The formula of calculation is accorded to the standard of building foundation.
1) the strip foundation or independent foundation can only be used in the base range.
2) raft base and box base are usually piled on the whole foundation, and 1-3 rows of bollards can be arranged according to the need.
Space of piles and piling method:
A normal triangular or square style layout is generally adopted.There are several methods for pile spacing design:
1) field test method.
2) estimation of filling volume.
3) empirical formula method.


Industries & Practices
 Regaining Ownership of Severed Oil and Gas Mineral Rights in Ohio
 Ohio's Dormant Minerals Act (Revised Code 5301.56) provides a landowner with the opportunity to acquire title to previously severed oil and gas mineral rights if the mineral interest owner does not "use" those rights during a specific 20-year time period. If oil and gas rights are not "used" during the 20-year period, then title to those rights vests with the surface owner.
 As originally enacted in 1989, the Ohio Dormant Minerals Act constituted a "use it or lose it" statute: if the mineral-interest owners did not "use" their mineral rights during a 20-year time period, then they automatically vested in the surface owner.1 The 1989 version, however, underwent substantial revision in 2006 when the General Assembly added certain notice requirements to the statute.2 Under the current version of the statute, the following multi-step process must be specifically followed in order to accomplish the merging of the surface and mineral interests:
 1. Confirm that the mineral interest at issue is not coal.
 2. Confirm that the mineral interest is not owned by the United States, the State of Ohio, or any political subdivision (for example, a county, township, municipality or school district).
 3. Ensure that the following "savings events" did not occur in the 20 years prior to the notice described below being sent to the holders of the mineral interest:
 - The oil and gas mineral interest has been the "subject of" a recorded "title transaction," which refers to any transaction affecting title to any interest in land, including title by will or descent," as well as warranty deed, quit claim deed or mortgage.
 - There has been actual production or withdrawal of oil and gas by the holder of the mineral interest.
 - The mineral interest has been used in underground gas storage.
 - A drilling or mining permit has been issued to the holder of the mineral interest
 - A statutorily compliant affidavit to preserve the mineral interest has been filed.
 - A separately listed tax parcel number has been created for the mineral interest by the county auditor.
 4. Serve notice by certified mail, return receipt requested, to each holder of the mineral interest (defined to include "any person who derives the person's rights from, or has a common source with, the record holder" of the mineral interest) at the last known address of each, of the owner's intent to declare the mineral interest at issue abandoned. The notice must contain: (i) the name of each mineral interest holder and any successors and assignees; (ii) a description of the surface with references to recorded documents; (iii) a description of the mineral interest to be abandoned; (iv) a statement that no savings events occurred within the 20 years preceding the date of service; and (v) a statement that the surface owner intends to record an affidavit of abandonment.
 5. If certified mail notice is not possible (e.g., the certified mail notice is returned undelivered or unsigned), publish notice in a newspaper of general circulation in each county in which the land is located.
 6. Confirm that one of the mineral interest holders has not recorded one of the following documents within 60 days of service or publication of the notice: a claim to preserve the mineral interest or an affidavit that identifies an event that has occurred within the 20 years preceding the date of service or publication.
 7. File in the county recorder's office an affidavit of abandonment between 30 and 60 days after the date notice was served. The affidavit must contain: (i) a statement that the person filing the affidavit is the surface owner; (ii) the volume and page number of the recorded severance deed; (iii) a statement that the mineral interest has been abandoned; (iv) the facts constituting the abandonment; and (v) a statement that notice was served on each mineral interest holder or their successors or assignees.
 Although it is unclear whether the 1989 version, 2006 version or both can be used by surface owners seeking to reacquire severed mineral interests, it is clear that the proper use of the 2006 version provides surface owners with an important tool to regain ownership of these valuable real property interests. In all, the procedural steps under the 2006 version of Ohio's Dormant Minerals Act require diligence and attention to detail, but abiding them strengthens the surface owner's claim to the mineral interests at issue.
 - R.C. 5301.56 ("Abandonment of mineral interest and vesting in owner of surface of lands"), eff. 6-30-06 ("2006 version").
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||It has been suggested that this article be merged with Languages_of_Switzerland#French. (Discuss) Proposed since December 2012.|
The Suisse romande (lit.: "Romance Switzerland") is a local name for the French-speaking districts of western Switzerland. The name Romandie (Romandy) is also used. The term "Suisse romand" is used to refer to Swiss French, the variety of French spoken in Switzerland. There are about 1.6 million French-speakers in Switzerland, about 20% of the total population.
The word "romand/romande" indicates the Latin or Roman origin of the French language and the general orientation of the region to the French-speaking cultural sphere and to Roman Law. It is used in contrast to "Suisse allemande" (German Switzerland) and "Suisse italienne" (Italian Switzerland), more commonly called "(le) Tessin" (Ticino).
The Suisse romande is not a precisely defined area, but in general includes the Cantons of Fribourg, Geneva, Jura, Neuchâtel, western Valais, Vaud and the northern part of Berne (known as the Jura Bernois or the Bernese Jura). The city of Geneva constitutes the largest urban area of the region.
German-speaking Swiss refer to the Suisse romande as Welschland and to the French-speaking Swiss as Welsches. This word, related to Walloon, Vlach and Welsh, refers in German to a foreigner of Celtic or more precisely Gallo-Roman origin.
Historically, most of Suisse Romande has been strongly Protestant, especially Calvinist, with Geneva being one of the earliest and most important Calvinist centers. There are a few Roman Catholic French-speaking Swiss, mainly in Jura, Valais, and Fribourg.
The expression "Suisse romande" or "Romandie" is best known in the English-speaking world through institutions such as the Geneva-based Orchestre de la Suisse Romande and the annual stage race Tour de Romandie.
- the French suffix -mand is an adaptation of the German -mann (corresponding to English -man) seen in alemand, flamand, normand etc.; it was introduced unetymologically into romand. The French adjective romande is not usually capitalized in the name Suisse romande.
- Lüdi, Georges; Werlen, Iwar (April 2005). "Recensement Fédéral de la Population 2000 — Le Paysage Linguistique en Suisse" (Portable Document Format) (in French, German, Italian). Neuchâtel: Office fédéral de la statistique. Retrieved 5 January 2006.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Rooting for realistic black dolls
First there was the golliwog, then there was black Barbie. Now the creators of a new talking doll say that, after 140 years of racism and negative stereotyping, toys for black children have finally come of age with a doll that teaches them their roots.
Rooti dolls claim to be the first fashion dolls to speak languages from countries ranging from Ghana to Zimbabwe and are designed to help the Western children of African parents to stay in touch with their heritage.
"The idea of Rooti dolls is to create that early interest in our children in their own culture, an appreciation of where they come from and to improve their self-esteem," said Chris Chidi Ngoforo, founder of United Kingdom-based Rooti Creations, which makes the dolls.
"My three daughters love dolls that look and dress like them," said Ngoforo. "But my daughters couldn't speak a word of Igbo, which is the ethnic group in Nigeria that I come from. They were my inspiration to create a doll that could provide a positive image and also teach them our languages."
The dolls, which go on sale this year, are further evidence of a resurgence in confidence among African migrants, experts say, and an increasing desire to hold on to their culture.
"In the past, the argument for not teaching the children the African language in addition to English was that it would confuse them or detrimentally affect their picking up of English, which is deemed to be the more important language," said Kwaku, a UK-based African history consultant. "Now we know that children can learn several languages at the same time."
Reshaping the toy industry
The dolls are the latest in a long line of attempts to reshape a toy industry that for many people of African descent still reflects racial prejudice. Attempts by Mattel to create an entire range of African-American Barbie dolls – with names such as Chandra, Zahara, Trichelle and Janessa – met with derision from some groups, who said the dolls did not go far enough in portraying a more realistic body image of black women.
"Many people told us that the [black] dolls on the market look like a white doll painted black," said Ngoforo. "Our dolls are created as a real image... of us as black people – African, African-Caribbean and African-American. They have wider noses, fuller lips, long curly hair and they come in various shades of black."
The impact on children of unrealistic depictions of black people has been the subject of controversy since the legal case that led to the desegregation of schools in the United States in the 1950s. Psychologist Kenneth Clark conducted a test on black children in which, given dolls that were identical except for their skin colour, the majority associated the black doll with negative stereotypes.
"Without dolls that accurately represent their own image, children end up looking up to white dolls and seeing the white image as being powerful and what beauty is," said Phillip Jordan, author of a study on racial preferences among black children.
But Rooti dolls, despite their more African facial features, have been criticised too. The dolls have long hair, which critics say reinforces negative messages about natural Afro hair and encourages the growing trend in hair extensions.
Ngoforo is planning a new range that promotes natural hair and more detailed black features. – © Guardian News & Media 2012


HappyCow may not work without JavaScript enabled. Login to Your Account Username or Email. Remember me on this device. Login Please wait. Login with Facebook. Sign in with Google. Vegetarian Topics. Watch this topic. Report Abuse. All the active ingredients in Advil are synthetic and thus vegan. The only non vegan ingredients are beeswax as the suspension or stabilizer that keeps the chemicals together as a pill, and insects used in the red coloration.
Who wants to eat insects? Who wants to eat beeswax? I know such pharmaceutical corporations have a horrible history with animal experimentation. Those that perpetrated such acts and the governments that made such acts mandatory and those that lobbied for such governmental mandates have much to be accountable for in this world and the next.
However, when one is repairing from surgery, dentistry, root canals, sever pain and sever chronic pain, usually people buy such products. I prefer herbal supplements due to the side effects of pharmaceuticals, but if the pain is bad enough people will seek releif.
is ibuprofen vegan
Because Advil has succumbed to advertising operatives who claim psychological data reports show the color red to increase sales, they are willing to feed fellow human beings bugs to eat. Beetles provide the color red for their pills at the expense of their lives.Although you adhere to a strict vegan diet and lifestyle, ensuring that no animal products are present in your food or daily products, you might be surprised to discover that there could be some animal products lurking in the tablets you take for certain health issues.
Other research backs it up. According to a study published in the British Medical Journal, almost three out of four commonly prescribed medicines contain ingredients that have been derived from animals. An example is lactose. It is often a stabilizer or bulk-adding ingredient. Another example is gelatin.
Derived from pigs and cattle, it is used largely in tablets and capsules.
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Even fatty acids from animals can find their way to your medicine cabinet - known as magnesium stearate, it is often found in capsules, tablets and powdered medicine.
Pills that contain pink or reddish coloring often have achieved it thanks to a red dye that is made from crushed cochineal beetles. There are also active ingredients that are derived from animals, such as yeast and bacteria such as in the process of making insulin. Other drugs that can contain these include hormone preparations and amino acid infusions. Tablets such as aspirin and ibuprofen that you take for less serious issues might also contain animal by-products.
Already a member? Log in to vote. What Animal Ingredients are in Medicine? What You Can Do 1. Speak to your doctor and air your concerns about being vegan and not wanting animal derivatives in your medication. For instance, gelatin and magnesium stearate usually have vegetarian options. Get informed about medicines and what is in them. Always read labels properly.
is ibuprofen vegan
Still not enough information? Contact the U. Food and Drug Administration. More about productsanimalmedicines. Support August 18,pm Thanks Giulia!
Fantastic and little-known information. We just shared this to our "Vegan Health" board on Pinterest! Thanks as always, for contributing to The Flaming Vegan. I voted! What a great article!
Some thyroid medicines are also derived from animals. In that case, it can put people in a sticky bind. The non-animal version decreases bone density, especially in small framed people, and often doesn't work as well for the auto-immune version of hypothyroidism.
vegan ibuprofen (preferred) or any vegan painkiller?
Vegans can have some tough decisions. By Brooke Nov 5, 12 Comments. Vegan Lifestyle. By Emma Thomas Nov 5, 11 Comments.In the UK, medications have to be tested on animals, by law, before they can be given to humans. So nothing drug-based that we take for our health will ever be vegan in the true sense of the word. There are lots options for non-drug pain relief heat packs, cold compresses, complementary therapies but I wanted to write specifically about medicines.
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I came up with the idea of taking liquid medication instead. Anybody who has children will be very familiar with the liquid forms of these medications — particularly paracetamol, often sold as Calpol, and ibuprofen, often sold as Nurofen for children.
However, many pharmacies and supermarkets make their own cheaper versions. So why not adjust the dose so that it works for you, as a vegan adult?
The recommended doses on the bottles are for children, but it would be easy to work out an equivalent dose. For example:. But I will keep you updated as I go.
Shellac also makes an appearance on one medication. The last time I enquired, my query was shrugged off, but I have been checking current ingredients, with the intention of asking again about vegan alternatives. Like Liked by 1 person. Thank you for your comment, and for sharing such a personal perspective.
Vegan painkillers
I am hoping to have much more information for you in the coming months.I had a 24 hour flu the other day with massive body aches.
I took a leftover prescription Ibuprofin, and it really worked wonders. It was my last one. Then I went to the drugstore looking for some type of pain killer for future use, and they just all seemed so nasty.
Of course gelatin in some, artificial colors, etc I know most of those companies test on animals, but I wonder if any of them at least have vegan ingredients. I'm thinking Bayer, Tylenol, etc I don't use them very often, but I cannot imagine how I would have felt if I had not taken that pill.
I was so miserable, and within an hour or so, I felt much better! I have heard of people doing this to make paraben-free children's Tylenol, so I don't' know why it couldn't be done for the adult version.
If you have a pharmacy that actually compounds their own drugs still, they can make a suspension of the drug for you without the undesired ingredients. I don't think you need a prescription for it, but you might.
I only know of one pharmacy in the area that still compounds drugs, so it will probably be hard to find. I also assume this will be much more costly than just cheap generic Tylenol. BTW ibuprofen is one of the drugs that it is unsafe to take expired.
For some reason that is beyond my knowledge, it gets stronger as it ages. My favorite local pharmacy can make me one! I'm so excited! She will call me Monday with a price. I will pay whatever I know you've already found someone who will make a special solution or something for you, but it would be worthwhile looking at liquid or soluble preps.
Unfortunately i don't know US brands so I can't help any further Do they sell Tylenol and Bayer and stuff over there in the UK? I didn't know you are a pharmacist! How cool.Recommend this entry Has been recommended Send news. Log in No account? Create an account. Remember me. Facebook VKontakte Google. Gayalondiel gayalondiel wrote in ukvegans- 01 - 08 Gayalondiel gayalondiel ukvegans - 01 - 08 Previous Share Flag Next. Vegan painkillers Just a quick question about painkillers.
I have quite severe bodily pains and headaches during my time of the month, and I usually use ibuprofen of any brand to treat it. Obviously medicines will have been involved in animal testing and while I have to have prescription drugs for some things, I would like to limit my intake of them.
Does anyone have any alternatives, or are any of the companies marginally better than the others? I can't have paracetamol, but I can have ibuprofen or aspirin.
I get by fine with a hot pad for my back and a cold towel for my head when I'm at home, but it's not very useful for work! Thanks in advance. Post a new comment Error. We will log you in after post We will log you in after post We will log you in after post We will log you in after post We will log you in after post Anonymously.
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Are There Animal Products in Your Medicine?
Preview comment. Post a new comment 10 comments.Salicylic acid is what aspirin is based on, and is found in the bark of willow trees. You can buy white willow bark to make tea or perhaps chew not sure but the reason they went on to develop aspirin was because willow bark can cause upset stomach in some people.
But give it a try and see how you go.
Gurps 3e pdf
For muscular pain, on larger muscles you can use non-drug pain relief such as TENS. I've had a chronic back injury since I was about 13, and am in pain every day. I have been using TENS for years, it works the same as acupuncture but is portable and you are more able to do some other activities such as reading than when your body is full of needles. The TENS unit applies an electrical stimulation to the point where you place the electrodes, which increases the signal going to the brain and releasing more endorphins but you only feel mild discomfort from the electricity feels a bit like when you have the shower too hot except without the heat.
I also get frequent massages which helps as well. Because we evolved on killing animals and eating them and to do otherwise is to violate nature what you say is similar to criticizing a


text:
Author(s): Wilson BJ
Abstract Share this page
Abstract This report focuses on how to design media messages about nutrition that will persuade people to adopt healthful behaviors. The Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) is used as a theoretical framework to explore different information-processing modes that individuals employ in a variety of communication situations. Studies from the fields of communication and psychology are briefly reviewed, with a focus on the source and message strategies that are most likely to persuade different types of audiences to change their nutritional attitudes and behaviors.
This article was published in J Nutr Educ Behav
and referenced in Advances in Recycling & Waste Management


Definitions for
Overview of noun gratuity
The noun gratuity has 2 senses? (no senses from tagged texts)
1. gratuity, tip, pourboire, baksheesh, bakshish, bakshis, backsheesh
(a relatively small amount of money given for services rendered (as by a waiter))
2. gratuity
(an award (as for meritorious service) given without claim or obligation) © 2001-2013, Demand Media, all rights reserved. The database is based on Word Net a lexical database for the English language. see disclaimer
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text:
Communication à un séminaire :
(Cornell University), « The Returns to English-Language Skills in India »
, Development Economics Seminar
, TSE, Toulouse, 2 décembre 2010, 11:00-12:30, salle MF 323.
India's colonial legacy and linguistic diversity give English an important role in its economy, and this role has expanded due to globalization in recent decades. It is widely believed that there are sizable economic returns to English-language skills in India, but the extent of these returns is unknown due to lack of a microdata set containing measures of both earnings and English ability. In this paper, we use a newly available data set the India Human Development Survey, 2005 to quantify the effects of English-speaking ability on wages. We find that being fluent in English (compared to not speaking any English) increases hourly wages of men by 34%, which is as much as the return to completing secondary school and half as much as the return to completing a Bachelor's degree. Being able to speak a little English significantly increases male hourly wages 13%. There is considerable heterogeneity in returns to English. More experienced and more educated workers receive higher returns to English. The complementarity between English skills and education appears to have strengthened over time. Only the more educated among young workers earn a premium for English skill, whereas older workers across all education groups do.
J24 : Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity (Formal Training Programs; On-the-Job Training)
J31 : Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials by Skill, Training, Occupation, etc.
O15 : Human Resources; Income Distribution; Migration
Economie du développement


text:
Why Teach with Documented Problem Solving
Documented problem solving is a teaching and learning technique that requires students to write down the steps they follow when answering a question or solving a problem. According to Angelo and Cross "... students benefit by gaining more awareness of and control over their problem-solving routines." (1993: p. 222) Hess reports that, "The results of the documented problem solving will give the teacher a view of the students' thinking processes... The teacher can use the results to diagnose students' flaws in problem solving and analysis." (1994: p. 4)
Documented Problem Solving Provides a Window into Student Thought Processes
Unlike typical multiple choice, true/false, and short-answer solutions, documented problem solving requires students to think about how they approach a problem as they write down the solution steps. It's the student's reflection on the thought process as they write and the instructor's ability to essentially VIEW the thought process that makes documented problem solving so valuable (Hobson, 2008). Insight into the learning process is beneficial since it allows students and instructors to address learning gaps.
Documented problem solving establishes a dialog with individual students about their learning. This is especially helpful:
- When students are too shy or lack the self confidence to ask questions during class.
- When students think they understand the material and thus neglect to ask questions in class.
- In classes with a large number of students, which prohibits each student from asking questions during class.
- Since it measures student understanding on a more frequent basis than exams alone.
- Think Alouds - A technique similar to documented problem solving that requires students to state out loud what they are thinking as they attempt to solve a problem. The think aloud approach has been used extensively in developmental college math, reading and writing (Carnegie Foundation, 2007). Documented problem solving takes the think aloud concept one step further by asking students to write down the steps they use to solve a problem. In fact, some students may talk out loud as they write down their solution process.
- Brain Dump - The documented problem solving "... strategy is more complex than the brain dump strategy because it attempts to get at deeper issues related to student learning and content/process mastery." (Hobson, 2008: p. 5)
Documented Problem Solving is Closely Aligned with Learning Science Findings
Documented problem solving is closely tied to prominent learning science findings included in How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School (Bransford, Brown, and Cocking, 2000). The Executive Summary states "Science now offers new conceptions of the learning process and the development of competent performance. Recent research provides a deep understanding of complex reasoning and performance on problem-solving tasks and how skill and understanding in key subjects are acquired" (p. xi).
In the process of writing the documented problem solution, students encounter the following:
- Metacognition refers to "... the ability to monitor one's current level of understanding and decide when it is not adequate." (Bransford, et al., p. 35)
- "By prompting students to make each step manifest and explicit, this CAT (classroom assessment technique) promotes the development of discipline-specific metacognitive skills – in this case, awareness of and control over problem-solving processes." (Angelo and Cross, 1993: p. 225)
- In the process of writing a documented problem solution, students who lack understanding will not be able to complete the process. Thus, documented problem solving, in essence, forces students to recognize what they don't know and assists with metacognition.
- Expert-novice learning
- According to (Bransford, et al., p. 19) "... experts have acquired knowledge that affects what they notice and how they organize, represent, and interpret information in their environment. This, in turn, affects their abilities to remember, reason, and solve problems."
- In order to complete the documented problem solving assignment, students need to be able to sort through the information available to them and then write a cohesive, step-by-step process that leads to the appropriate outcome. Clearly some "expert like" qualities are necessary in order to accomplish this task.
- Transfer of learning
- Transfer is defined as "... the ability to extend what has been learned in one context to new contexts." (Bransford, et al., p. 39)
- "Metacognitive approaches to instruction have been shown to increase the degree to which students will transfer to new situations without the need for explicit prompting." (Bransford, et al., p. 55)
- In addition to supporting metacognition, the documented problem solving approach prompts students to transfer prior knowledge to the given problem or question as they write their solution process.
Evidence on Why Documented Problem Solving Works
Anecdotal Evidence - Documented problem solving has been used for several semesters in a Principles of Economics course. It has also been used in other disciplines and the anecdotal evidence reflects the success of the technique.
Empirical Evidence - The success of documented problem solving in the context of a Principles of Economic course is analyzed.


I've implemented a finder using weblogic 8.1 sp2 on win2000 utilizing
Pointbase as my database and the driver is the
com.pointbase.jdbc.jdbcUniversalDriver. The datatype for the active
column is BOOLEAN. I am receiving an exception "EXCEPTION: 25007
Illegal cast operation between type: BOOLEAN and type: DECIMAL" when
the finder executes the following example EJB-QL. It appears that
somewhere deep in the bowels of weblogic the value "true" is converted
to "1".
Example EJB-QL: SELECT OBJECT(a) FROM MyObject a WHERE a.active = true
Any suggestions,
Richard Wallingsford


or agreeing to submit to the USDA's general requirements. All state and tribal plans must include certain provisions, including but not limited to:
 1. Land used for production: State and tribal plans must identify a process for collecting, storing and maintaining relevant information regarding land used for growing hemp in the state. This includes information regarding the description, acreage, and boundaries of the farm land.
 2. Sampling and testing for delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): State and tribal plans must implement testing procedures to ensure that plants do not exceed THC levels above 0.3% (as provided in the 2018 Farm Bill). All testing facilities must be DEA approved, as non-compliant product with THC levels over 0.3% would be considered "marihuana" and a schedule 1 substance under the Controlled Substances Act of 1970 (CSA). Additionally, laboratories will be required to report a "measure of uncertainty" in their testing, designed to provide a buffer for the potential variation in sampling and testing procedures. Accordingly, plants testing higher than 0.3% THC but still within the "measure of uncertainty" will be considered compliant.
 3. Disposal of non-compliant products: States and tribes must develop a procedure for destroying non-compliant cannabis containing more than 0.3% THC. Because non-compliant product is considered a controlled substance, all product must be disposed of in a manner consistent with the CSA. Therefore, product must be collected and destroyed by a DEA agent or law enforcement officer.
 4. Inspection of hemp producers: States and tribes must develop procedures for inspecting hemp producers on an annual basis and also for inspecting random samples. The state must also develop procedures to identify and attempt to correct certain negligent acts such as not obtaining licenses or producers exceeding acceptable hemp THC levels.
 5. Information sharing: State and tribal plans must include procedures for reporting information to the USDA. This information must be provided to the USDA within 30 days of receipt from the hemp producers and includes contact information for all hemp producers in the state, legal descriptions of the land used for hemp production, and the license status of all hemp producers in the state.
 6. In states and tribes without an approved or proposed plan, hemp producers will be subject to the USDA general plan. The general plan also provides similar requirements for the testing and sampling of hemp. The USDA will provide licenses directly to hemp producers in states without an approved or submitted plan as some states may not want to have primary regulatory authority of hemp. These states will essentially hand over regulatory responsibility to the USDA. These licenses will be available by application 30 days after the final rule is published. Notably, the draft USDA rule also provides that states and tribes are restricted from prohibiting the transportation or shipment of hemp or hemp products produced under a state plan, tribal plan or a license issued under the FDA. The interstate commerce provision should put an end to the arrests of those transporting legally produced hemp from one state to another. For example, in July 2019, a trucker was arrested and charged with felony possessions of marijuana and intent to distribute while transporting legally grown hemp through South Dakota (South Dakota still considers hemp a controlled substance).
So while the USDA rule is much anticipated and grabbed the attention of many when published, food and dietary supplement manufacturers, distributors, and retailers are still stuck where they were before. We will all continue to wait and see what FDA will do.
 1. "Establishment of a Domestic Hemp Production Program". (October 31, 2019). Federal Register. Retrieved from _URL_


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Hove Junior School
Portland Road & Holland Road
Reporting a positive Covid-19 case
To ensure that we continue to keep the whole school community safe, it is essential that we are informed of any positive cases of Covid-19 that occur. During school hours please continue to phone the school offices and report individual confirmed cases. Out of school hours and during the weekend please now contact the school on the following email address:
For clarity, please state Confirmed Case in the subject box.
We will need to know:
 1. Your child's name and date of birth
 2. Your child's class (e.g. 4 Yellow)
 3. A contact phone number
 4. The first day when your child's symptoms started
 5. What symptoms your child has
 6. The date when your child was last in school
 7. Whether your child attended breakfast club on their last day in school
 8. Whether your child attended after school club on their last day in school
 9. Please list any siblings
 10. Please list the schools where siblings attend, and their year groups


text:
Sitec has an exciting opportunity for a HR Coordinator for our client based in Cheltenham. This is a contract role for an estimated 5 months.
PURPOSE OF ROLE:
The HR Coordinator will provide efficient administration support to the HR/Payroll Shared Services Department and to ensure all aspects of personnel administration is carried out effectively in conjunction with the HR department
- Assist with day to day operations of the HR function and duties
- Assist with the updating of policies, procedures and process to support the business with an efficient and informative employee lifecycle
- Assist with the compilation of training material and delivery to employees
- Administer recruitment and selection process e.g. liaising with recruiting manager to ensure resourcing sign off, advertising roles and liaison with recruiting agent, create interview packs, creating offer letters and contracts in liaison with UK HR Assistant and HR Advisors
- Ensure the production of timely and accurate contracts of employment and service agreements in liaison with the UK HR Assistant
- Responsible for inputting and updating the HR database to capture all employee data to support accurate HR data reporting and provision of timely/accurate payroll information.
- Administration of joiners (employees & contingent labour) to align with policy/procedures, including induction process to ensure full integration into the business.
- Administration of leavers (employees & contingent labour) to align with policy/procedures
- Provide support to employees in relation to day to day benefit and payroll queries in conjunction with the UK HR Assistant,
- Provide administrative support for HR project work
- Production and distribute of written communications relating to operational HR activities i.e. letters, memorandums, emails, meeting notes etc
- Overseeing the organisation process for Employee Consultation Forum meetings e.g. agendas, ensure constitution is signed by relevant representatives, arranging meetings, taking of minutes etc.
KEY TECHNICAL SKILLS / COMPETENCIES:
- Strong communication skills, both written and verbal
- Must be approachable, diplomatic, rational and logical in their approach.
- Must be able to work with minimal supervision and manage own workloads, whilst working as part of a team.
- Must be flexible in their approach.
- Attention to detail and ability to undertake and manage accurate recording of information.
- Mail merging and competent use Microsoft packages and HR databases.
- Proven administration skills and experience within the HR generalist role.
- The ability to work as part of a team
- Excellent written and verbal communications skills will be essential to role
- Minimum of 5 GCSEs (or equivalent) - two of which must be at least a C grade in English and Mathematics
- Competent use of Windows and Excel applications - intermediate level essential, advanced desirable
This vacancy is being advertised by Sitec.


10 Questions to Ask a Home Inspector
1. What are your qualifications? Are you a member of the American Society of Home Inspectors (ASHI), National Association of Home Inspectors (NAHI) or the National Academy of Building Inspection Engineers (NABIE)?
2. How many inspections of properties such as this do you do each year?
3. Do you carry professional errors and omission insurance? Please provide a copy of the policy.
4. Do you provide any written guarantees of your work? If so, please provide a copy.
5. What specifically will the inspection cover? What does it not cover?
6. What type of report will I receive after the inspection?
7. How long will it take to receive the report?
8. How long will the inspection take?
9. How much will the inspection cost?
10. Can I call you, without charge, for further consultation/information?
· Please provide a copy of your current Washington State Home Inspector License.
· Please provide a list of past clients I can contact.
Note: Beginning September 1, 2009, all Home Inspectors working in this state are required to be licensed by the State of Washington. Licensing requirements include 120 hours of classroom instruction, 40 hours of field training and a passing score on the written state exam. Home Inspectors with at least 2 years experience and at least 100 home inspections conducted before the new licensing requirement were instituted, were exempted from the training requirements, provided they passed the written exam.


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THE ENVIRONMENTAL FOCUS IN TOURISM STRATEGY OF TURKEY-2023 WITHIN THE OUTLOOK OF TOURISM PLANNING
9th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference - SGEM2009, _URL_, SGEM2009 Conference Proceedings/ ISBN 10: 954-91818-1-2, June 14-19, 2009, Vol. 2, 875-883 pp
The growth of tourism has prompted debate about environmental consequences and
desirability of further development. The effects of mass tourism and increasing
awareness of the human impact on the environment led more environmentally sensitive
forms of tourism such as ecotourism and wildlife-based tourism.
With this increasing awareness environmental concerns are explicitly included in
sectoral policies and programmes concerning many areas including tourism, urban and
rural development. One of the recent examples of environment being involved in
tourism planning can be examined in Turkey's Tourism Strategy 2023 and the 9th Five
Year National Development Plan as both of them promotes ecotourism regions to
develop nature based tourism.
The Tourism Strategy of Turkey 2023, with its emphasis on cultural, health and
environmental areas, has laid out the blueprint for the country's future development. By
the implementation of this plan; nine culture and tourism zones and seven tourism
development corridors, 10 tourism cities, ecotourism zones will be created.
Implementation has merely started recently, but the plan is anticipated to be highly
influential on Turkey's tourism.
The researchers in this study examine Turkish tourism policies and planning with a
specific focus on Tourism Strategy of Turkey 2023. The plan is studied in detailed to
monitor the integration of environmental concern and ecotourism in tourism
development plans and aimed zones.
Keywords: Tourism Strategy of Turkey 2023, ecotourism, tourism planning and policies
PAPER 2009/s24.1: THE ENVIRONMENTAL FOCUS IN TOURISM STRATEGY OF TURKEY-2023 WITHIN THE OUTLOOK OF TOURISM PLANNING
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- TRANSFORMATION AND IMAGE CALIBRATION FOR ENDOSCOPIC IMAGE ANALYSIS IN FOTOM 2008 SYSTEM
- THE METEOROLOGICAL USAGE OF WATER VAPOR DATA OBTAINED FROM GPS
- PHOTOGRAMMETRIC STUDY FOR SIRCALI MEDRESE DOOR
- FOTOM SYSTEM AND MEASUREMENT VISUALIZATION
- DETERMINATION AND CREATION OF TOPOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION FROM DIGITAL IMAGERY
© Copyright 2001 International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference & EXPO SGEM. All Rights Reserved.


text:
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
The Medical Laboratory Technician is expected to practice safe and ethical duties within his/her scope of practice. The Medical Laboratory Technician should understand his/her own imitations, seeking advice and assistance when necessary. Specific duties may include, but are not limited to the following:
- Perform laboratory tests such as hematology, hemostasis, chemistry, Immunology, microbiology, Blood group and Rhesus, blood compatibility testing for blood transfusions according to the standard operating procedures (SOPs).
- Report the test results in accuracy, reliable and timely manner to the clinicians and clients.
- Perform daily Internal Quality Control (IQC) of all laboratory tests and plot in IQC L-J chart before performing patient samples, perform corrective action of all rule violation detected and maintain record.
- Perform External Quality Assessment/Proficiency Testing (EQA/PT) samples and corrective action on unacceptable results from EQA/PT provider and maintain records.
- Develop relevant standard operating procedures (SOPs), process and job aid.
- Provide training to all labs staff, and nurse as needed.
- Organizes laboratory stocks and maintains and update stock cards and inventory system.
- Perform daily, weekly, monthly, and three-monthly equipment maintenance and maintain record and perform action based on trouble shooting guide on any problem encounter on analyzer.
- Participate in implementing Laboratory Quality Management System in the laboratory
- Receive sample, check sample quality, and prepare sample for testing
- Properly and safely disposes of hazardous and infectious waste and materials.
- Prepare daily, weekly, and monthly activities report to the laboratory supervisor and manager.
- Monitor the temperatures of room, refrigerator and freezer and record keeping.
- Answers and responds to patient, physician, and vendor questions and concerns.
- Updates and maintains knowledge base by attending training workshops, reading, and participating in professional organizations.
- Perform all other duties as assigned by laboratory supervisor and manager.
- Bachelor's degree in science related filed, Medical Laboratory Technologist, Pharmacist, and associate degree of a Medical Laboratory Technologist
- At least three-years working experience in clinical laboratory related to Hematology, Biochemistry, serology, blood bank, and laboratory quality management system.
- At least one-year experiences in writing SOPs, process related to laboratory management, technical testing, equipment, and biosafety.
- Fluent in speaking, writing in English
- Proficient in computer, office equipment and electronic medical
- Good communication skill (ability to interact with relevant personnels smoothly)
- Ability to adapt easily to changing conditions and work loads
- Ability to work in a fast past environment and complete assigned tasks to meet deadlines
How to apply:
Please send your CV and Cover letter to _EMAIL_ or contact 016 366 575 / 098 888 742


Barbed Wire Tattoos
Barbed Wire Tattoos Barbed Wire Tattoos History
The Barbed Wire Tattoos originated during Second World War and were used by prisoners to mark their bodies. The barbed wire depicted their state of mind and also their captivity. These tattoos have different associations. Initially, they were mainly associated with prison. Of late it has gained popularity among youths as is used as a symbol of rebellion and freedom. Barbed wire tattoos symbolize control of certain portion of land and punishing those who do not respect this rule. So it began as a violent symbol. In many countries some of the people that spend time in jail get barbed wire tattoos that represent the number of years they spend serving their sentence.
It also used to be used to identify convicts that have been sent to prison for life! While in Russia, this tattoo was etched on a convicts wrist or all across the forehead, to show that he had been put in for a lifelong term of imprisonment for an unforgivable crime, such as murder. barbed wire tattoos were invented in 1800's and have undergone an interesting evolution. The reinvention of this design is related to the prison camps during the World War II. In Russian prison system, a barbed wire tied on the forehead of the prisoner indicated a lifelong imprisonment. It was then adopted into the Latino culture in California. Previously, the number of spikes on the tattoo indicated the number of years spent in the prison.
Barbed Wire Tattoos Meaning
The Barbed Wire Tattoos are often made to symbolize and unbreakable bond between the person and God. Many times you will see barbed wire tattoos wrapped around a cross. People will get these on their biceps, back, and chest. These tattoos are made to represent that no matter what happens in someone's life, their connection with God is unbreakable. They represent an unbreakable faith with God. The barbed tattoo has taken its inspiration from the crown of thorns which Jesus was made to wear before being crucified.
It is a symbol of strength and faith in the power of the almighty. It is also a symbol which represents the fact that the individual wearing the tattoo has seen much hardship in his life and has been able to withstand all hurdles and pain, because of his faith in the Lord. barbed wire are known for the extremely prickly and strong features, a barbed wire tattoo can show that the tattoo bearer has the same nature. In some sense it may be used to show physical strength along with the sheer grit and determination. A person who has strong inner strength often chooses to get this tattoo made.
Barbed Wire Tattoos Design
The Barbed Wire Tattoo Designs are supposed to be an expression of imperviousness and imprisonment which was used by the old prisoners during the wars to express trauma and theirs getting used to live even in cruel custody. barbed wire tattoo designs is a very traditional tattoo. It is often worn by men around their biceps. Another popular tattoo is barbed wire wrapped around a heart. There are two different designs, which can be made using the barbwire. The first of them is the intertwined barbed design and the other one is the spiked barbed wire design. Depending upon your liking, you can decide any one of the designs for your tattoo. This tattoo design is popular not just with the menfolk but with the women folk as well. Women usually get one that has fine delicate design without losing the raw look.
Barbed Wire Tattoos Ideas
These tattoos can be carved on any part of the body. Ankles, wrists, upper arms are some of the popular places. Some people even go for such a tattoo on the neck, back, waist and chest. When sculpted on wrists and ankles, these tattoo designs look like bracelets. On neck, these tattoos look like permanent necklaces. One can even go for a barbed wire tattoo on the waist to form a belt like design. The back is also a good place to get such a tattoo. Since it provides for a broad expanse of canvas to make a tattoo, it is a preferred location. The tattoos can also extend from one shoulder to another, or from one's neck to just above the bottom.


Top Choice National Park in Nemunas Delta
Nemunas Delta Regional Park
Where the Nemunas, Lithuanian's largest river, spills into the Curonian lagoon, it splits into four distributaries: the Skirvytė, the Atmata, the Pakalnė and the Gilija. The result is a wetland Delta of surpassing b…
Bird Sanctuary in Nemunas Delta
Ventės Ragas Ornithological Station
The first bird-ringing station was established here in 1929, but it was not until 1959 to 1960 that large bird traps were installed. Today, around 100,000 birds pass through the station each migratory period; zigzag…
Museum in Nemunas Delta
Polder Museum
Housed in an old water-pumping station on the Vilkinė, this museum shows the basic technology with which Nemunas farmers have tried to keep the waters at bay. In Uostadvaris village, on Rusnė.
Museum in Nemunas Delta
Ethnographic Farmstead Museum
This museum (signposted 1.8km from Rusnė) exhibits tools, furnishings and three venerable farm buildings, giving a sense of the harsh basics of traditional Delta life.


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Before the official announcement of Apple's iPad several different names were floated for the tablet including iTablet and iSlate. In the many months between the latest rounds of rumors (started in early 2009) and the actual announcement, the likelihood of iPad being the final name was hotly debated and often dismissed by people who were already saying it reminded them of maxipads. When the announcement came down nearly everyone I know either braced themselves for or gleefully awaited the feminine hygiene jokes to come.
However, a small minority of people I encountered didn't understand why iPad immediately brought to mind maxipads. They pointed out that people use words like mousepad and notepad and even the phrase pad of paper every day without devolving into absorbancy jokes. So why is iPad funny? Having given this far, far too much thought, I've been able to identify three key reasons why I think it's happening.
- As the MADtv skit showed, it's long been funny to put the little i in front of words to make fun of Apple's naming conventions. Sure, Apple has been very successful in branding the iProducts, and that's part of why the jokes work. iPad seems like it should be a joke even though it's not.
- Pad is a weak word. Just say it out loud: paaaaaad. That long a doesn't help. Most other iProducts have pretty strong words after the little i. Pod, Mac, Work, Life. They have plosives and hard K sounds and short vowels. Pad needs words associated with it that sound strong or right in order to blend seamlessly into the vocabulary. Mousepad, Trackpad, Notepad, even CrunchPad. And though women refer to Always and etc. as just pads most of the time, that's shorthand. The full word is Maxipad. There are just some words in English that sound somewhat weak on their own, and Pad is one of them. A weak word like this cannot support the little i, therefore the name (regardless of the jokes) just doesn't feel strong or desirable.
- Regardless of the many other uses of the term pad, most of the time when someone asks for a pad they're asking for a maxipad unless in context it makes far more sense that they're asking for a pad of paper. Other than that, how many times have you used the word pad all by itself in normal conversation in a non-specialized context1? The little i is not the most important aspect of iPad, it's so ubiquitous and familiar that, even as we say it, our minds and tongues are gliding right over it to the real word on the other side: Phone, Pod, Mac, Life, Work. That is the whole point of the little i. Therefore, the iPad is just basically Pad, and pads bring very few specific images to most American minds, and one of the prominent ones happens to be maxipads.
So there you have it. This is why I think the iPad name instantly became the butt of jokes or at least disappointment. Apple has some strong reasons for choosing iPad I am sure. I'm also sure they have some smart branding people whose job it is to think about these things. Maybe they had an off day? Maybe they're all men. Maybe they thought that eventually people would stop tittering and just accept it, because none of the alternatives worked for whatever reason.
In the end, it doesn't matter much. They've gone with iPad and have to stick with it. And we'll have to live with it. As others have pointed out, the Wii encountered much the same reception upon release and, lo these many years later, we've all gotten used to it (or over it) and happily use them all the time. I'm sure the same will happen with the iPad. Still, I'm longing for a decal that I can stick on the back to turn my iPad into a maxiPad.
- i.e. it doesn't count if your workplace uses something called a pad for everyday workplace operations. It also doesn't count if you roleplay Star Trek on a regular basis. [↩]


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Traveling Luck for Uvkusigssaqarfik, Østgrønland, Greenland
Where is Uvkusigssaqarfik?What's around Uvkusigssaqarfik?
Wikipedia near Uvkusigssaqarfik
Where to stay near Uvkusigssaqarfik
Also known as Uvkusigssagarfik Fjord
The timezone in Uvkusigssaqarfik is America/Danmarkshavn
Sunrise at 12:44 and Sunset at 16:28. It's light
Latitude. 65.0833°, Longitude. -40.5833°
Satellite map around Uvkusigssaqarfik
Loading map of Uvkusigssaqarfik and it's surroudings
Geographic features & Photographs around Uvkusigssaqarfik, in Østgrønland, Greenland
- a tract of land, smaller than a continent, surrounded by water at high water.
- Rømer Ø (5.1km)
- Ole Rømer Ø (17.2km)
- Putugua (25.8km)
- Aqitseq (26.4km)
- Nunârtik (28.1km)
- Takisêrajik (28.9km)
- Aaluit (29.7km)
- Nældebladet (32.4km)
- Qêrtartivaq (33.2km)
- Avqusiâjik (33.5km)
- Nuerniagkartôq (34km)
- Ørsted Ø (36km)
- Ikermiit (37.3km)
- Takiseeq (37.6km)
- Ukîverajik (38.3km)
- Ukîverajik (45.5km)
- Hornemann Ø (46.3km)
- Jens Munk Ø (48.6km)
- an area of permanent snow and ice forming the accumulation area of a glacier.
- Apuseeq (20km)
- a haven or space of deep water so sheltered by the adjacent land as to afford a safe anchorage for ships.
- Andræs Havn (44.6km)
- a mass of ice, usually at high latitudes or high elevations, with sufficient thickness to flow away from the source area in lobes, tongues, or masses.
- Lemon Bræ (42.7km)
- a break in a mountain range or other high obstruction, used for transportation from one side to the other [See also gap].
- Ilivte (18.8km)
Airports close to Uvkusigssaqarfik
Kulusuk(KUS), Kulusuk, Greenland (176.4km)


text:
Sap, M.N.Md and Awan, A. Majid and Mansur, M.O (2006) Weighted kernel K-means for clustering spatial data. WSEAS Transaction on System, 5 (6). pp. _PHONE_.
Full text not available from this repository.
This paper presents a method for unsupervised partitioning of data for finding spatio-temporal patterns in climate data using kernel methods which offer strength to deal with complex data non-linearly separable in input space. This work gets inspiration from the notion that a non-linear data transformation into some high dimensional feature space increases the possibility of linear separability of the pattern in the transformed space. Therefore, it simplifies exploration of the associated structure in the data. Kernel methods implicitly perform a non-linear mapping of the input data into a high dimensional feature space by replacing the inner products with an appropriate positive definite function. In this paper we present a robust weighted kernel k-means algorithm incorporating spatial constraints for clustering climate data. The proposed algorithm can effectively handle noise, outliers and auto-correlation in the spatial data, for effective and efficient data analysis.
|Uncontrolled Keywords:||Clustering, K-means, Kernel methods, spatial data, unsupervised learning|
|Subjects:||Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science|
|Divisions:||Computer Science and Information System (Formerly known)|
|Deposited By:||Maznira Sylvia Azra Mansor|
|Deposited On:||09 Jan 2009 01:36|
|Last Modified:||09 Jan 2009 01:36|
Repository Staff Only: item control page


Tips to Prevent Water Ingress on Electrical Assemblies
Prevent Water Ingress
We all know that water and electricity don't mix. But it's common for heavy equipment to be used in environments where water is present. So how can an OEM protect its equipment's electrical assemblies from water ingress? And what happens if the electrical components aren't protected properly from moisture? The answers to both of those questions depend on several factors.
When Water Meets Electrical Assemblies
If water meets unprotected electrical assemblies, the consequences can be costly or even deadly. Electrical shorts can cause the equipment to malfunction or, worse, it may not work at all. Water ingress can also lead to fire and shock hazards, which can severely injure or kill workers in a high voltage application.
No matter how significant the damage is, the costs to repair the equipment and any damage done can climb quickly. Even if no actual lasting damage occurs, the repairs will lead to downtime and project delays. If someone gets injured or the incident causes property damage, the OEM could face litigation and fines.
Steps to Prevent Water Ingress
The first step to protect electrical assemblies from water ingress is to understand what types of working environments the assembly will be used in. That way you can use appropriately rated components in the design.
Will the assembly get rained on, or will it be submerged while in operation? Different environments require varied levels of protection, which is where IP Codes come into play. The IP Code is a two-digit number that indicates how resistant components are to intrusion by solid particles and liquids. The chart below is a helpful guide to ensure your engineering team uses IP-rated components that meet or exceed the requirements of the working environment:
IP Code Chart
Tools and Tips to Prevent Water Ingress
 - Overmolding is an excellent way to protect small electrical components like printed circuit boards, resistors, capacitors, and diodes.
 - Gaskets can be used to seal the junction where multiple surfaces meet; they're typically used to help make something that wasn't designed to be watertight usable in a wet environment.
 - RTV silicone can also be used as a seal; it's better for small volumes because quality can be difficult to repeat. It requires application by an experienced technician and time to cure.
 - Cord grips and sealed connectors can protect electrical enclosures from water ingress.
 - On an enclosure, install the hinges outside of the gasket to prevent compromising the gasket's integrity.
 - Use braided loom on wire harnesses to allow liquids to flow through instead of getting trapped inside conduit.
 - If you need to use a conduit, leave a small gap between the conduit and the connectors to allow liquids to escape.
Preventing water ingress on electrical assemblies begins with knowing where and how the assembly will be used. Once that is determined, use properly rated components to protect the electrical assembly from any water that may be in its working environment.
It's also important to call out how watertight the assembly needs to be on the drawing so that any supplier who receives the design understands why you've chosen the components on the bill of materials (BOM). For example, a welder working on a custom enclosure for an electrical assembly that is headed to a wet environment will need to know if the weld needs to be watertight.
If you're working on the design for an electrical assembly, check out our Wire Harness Design Checklist to guide you. Click the button below to download your copy.
Wire Harness Design Checklist
How can we help you?


Music, Poetry, Literature, Culture
Music, Poetry, Literature, Culture
Sarson Ka Saag
Sarson Da Saag (as it is known in Punjabi) or (Sarson Ka Saag, in Urdu) is a popular vegetarian dish from the Punjab region of South Asia. It is made from mustard greens (sarson) and spices such as ginger and garlic. It is often served with makki di roti.
Origins and history
The dish is regarded as the traditional way to prepare saag and is usually served with makki di roti. It can be topped with either Makkhan (unprocessed white butter or processed yellow butter) or more traditionally with ghee (clarified butter). Some spinach (called palak ) may be added to enhance colour and thicken the dish, though this may alter the flavor. Also added are some bathua, sarson greens, onion, tomato and all ground spice.
Mustard is a winter and spring delicacy, and its relative abundance in Punjab has made it one of the most popular dishes in those regions.


10X Genomics
The Chromium System is powered by 10x GemCode Technology
The 10x GemCode Technology fuels our Chromium System with an innovative reagent delivery system, set of algorithms and turn-key software analysis tools that enable the discovery of previously inaccessible genetic information at massive rate and scale.
The GemCode Technology creates a unique reagent delivery system that partitions cells or arbitrarily long DNA molecules (including 100 kb) and prepares sequencing libraries in parallel such that all fragments produced within a partition share a common barcode.
A simple workflow combines large partition numbers with a massively diverse barcode library to generate 100,000 barcode containing partitions in a matter of minutes.


text:
Connecting with Canadians
Teaching Aids for Civics Education in Canadian Schools
Who better to tell us how to engage our younger generation in democratic institutions than young people themselves? In workshops and dialogues, young participants have told CPRN that one of the best ways of hooking them into the democratic process is to provide a comprehensive civics education starting in the early grades. These young people also told us they want school to be a safe place to openly discuss challenging issues, learn about different points of view and develop skills for critical analysis and problem solving.
CPRN's landmark National Youth Dialogue and Summit brought together 144 young Canadians to talk about participation and citizenship. Two workbooks were prepared for the event to support discussion and to guide the dialogue. They are written in a style that is appealing to young people, and teachers appreciate them as a useful tool for their civics classes.
Click the download button at the left to access the introduction that explains how to use the workbooks.
To access the workbooks, click below:
National Dialogue for Young Canadians – Workbook – Section 1: Background
National Dialogue for Young Canadians – Workbook – Section 2: Dialogue Issues
Release Date: 17 May 2007
E-network: Taking the Civics Kit to Schools


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Checking Integrity Constraints - How it Differs in Centralized, Distributed and Parallel Databases
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1 Author(s)
Ibrahim, H. ; Fac. of Comput. Sci. & Inf. Technol., Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang
An important aim of a database system is to guarantee database consistency, which means that the data contained in a database is both accurate and valid. Integrity constraints represent knowledge about data with which a database must be consistent. The process of checking constraints to ensure that update operations or transactions which alter the database will preserve its consistency has proved to be extremely difficult to implement, particularly in distributed and parallel databases. In distributed databases the aim of the constraint checking is to reduce the amount of data needing to be accessed, the number of sites involved and the amount of data transferred across the network. In parallel databases the focus is on the total execution time taken in checking the constraints. This paper highlights the differences between centralized, distributed and parallel databases with respect to constraint checking
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Truvia sweetener is toxic to fruit flies, study finds
Erythritol, the main component of the sweetener Truvia, has a new, unexpected application -- it may be used as an insecticide. And a sixth grader can take part of the credit for this unusual discovery.
Fruit flies who consumed Truvia had a average lifespan of just 5.8 days, while flies who didn't eat it lived between 38.6 and 50.6 days. The study is published in the journal PLOS ONE.
"The more you get them [fruit flies] to consume erythritol, the faster they die," Sean O'Donnell, a professor of biology at Drexel University in Philadelphia, told CBS News.
A large body of research has proven the sweetener is safe for humans. Scientists say further study is needed to see if it could be a used as an effective form of pest control.
Interestingly, the idea for the study came from the young son of one of the researchers. Simon D. Kaschock-Marenda, currently a ninth grader, came up with the concept three years ago.
"I would have never studied it first without the initial inquisitiveness of a sixth grader," Simon's father, study co-author Daniel R. Marenda, an associate professor of biology at Drexel, told CBS News.
When Marenda and his wife decided to cut sugar from their diets and switch to artificial sweeteners, it gave Simon an idea for his science fair project.
"He wanted to test how healthy they [sweeteners] were," Marenda said. Simon decided to test them on fruit flies.
It was then that Daniel Marenda and his colleagues realized that the boy was onto something. So they conducted their own study and discovered the same result: the fruit flies fed with Truvia died much sooner than the fruit flies fed with other sweeteners, including Equal, PureVia and Sweet'N Low.
Further experiments showed that it was in fact a specific compound, erythritol, that was responsible for Truvia's toxic effect on the flies.
And now the researchers are trying to develop it into a pesticide that people will be able to use on fruit flies, and possibly other insects.
"We are hoping to develop it into a human-safe insecticide," O'Donnell said.
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REWE Sustainability Program
REWE Sustainability Program
Risk Assessment on Social Practices
GRASP is an additional module to GLOBALG.A.P that covers social aspects. LACON can offer the GRASP Module in combination with GLOBALG.A.P certification.
GRASP is directed towards the social practices concerning the workers employed by the operation. Some of the aspects taken into consideration are: How are complaints managed? Do the workers know their rights? Are minimum wages and working hours abided by?
GRASP can only be applied in those countries in which a national interpretation exists.
Further information and current forms can be found under Downloads or on the GLOBALG.A.P website.


Glitch City Laboratories Archives
Pokémon sprite corruptions (Generation I)
'''This article is a summary page for different variations of a glitches, etc. when talked about as a whole.
Pokémon sprite corruptions in Pokémon Red, Blue, and Yellow are typically caused whenever either the front or back sprite of a glitch Pokémon is viewed. There are many different types of corruption.
Hall of Fame corruption
Possibly the most infamous sprite corruption. When a problematic sprite (such as Red/Blue regular MissingNo.'s front or back sprite) is viewed after the player's induction into the Hall of Fame, it will cause the Hall of Fame data to become corrupted.
This glitch does not apply if the player's first team to become the Pokémon League Champion included a (normally problematic) glitch Pokémon, however viewing a problematic glitch Pokémon's sprite in battle after getting at least one Hall of Fame entry will still corrupt the Hall of Fame even if the player doesn't save and resets the game.
The cause of the glitch is to be blamed on a combination of factors:
 - Pokémon front and back pictures are stored in ROM compressed, and each compressed image has an header defining the horizontal and vertical sizes (in number of 8x8 tiles) of the picturepokered:home/pic.asm.
 - Glitch Pokémon are not guaranteed to have these sizes set to reasonable amounts.
 - Compressed graphics are extracted to the second or third of three sprite buffers located at the start of bank 0 of the game card's SRAM (which is therefore being used here as an expansion of the console's RAM); the Hall of Fame contents are also located in bank 0 after this temporary area (separated by a 256 byte unused area), but not the count of League wins (which is located in bank 1 along with the main save data).
 - The code responsible for decompressing the graphics is not limited in size of output, meaning that an excessively large picture will overwrite the Hall of Fame.
 - In particular, a size of 0 underflows and is assumed to mean 256 rows or columns, a size far exceeding the intended dimensions of up to 7 units
 The number of HoF entries being stored separately explains the apparent lack of consequences if the League was not already beaten: the HoF corruption is not avoided, but the next time an entry will be added, the memory reserved for the first entry will be correctly set and so will the number of entries (1), therefore averting any visible effects.
 Walking characters glitch
 The walking characters effect is a glitch in Pokémon Red, Green, Blue, and Yellow, which is caused by some glitch Pokémon.
 While this effect is active, NPCs will appear and walk in a pattern on the screen.
 Applicable glitch Pokémon
 - MissingNo. (English Yellow non-Fossil/non-Ghost variants)
 - ヅ (0xBF) (Red/Green)
 - Glitch Pokémon (0xD6) (Red/Green)
 - アネﾞデパミﾞ (0xFF) (Yellow)
 Inverted sprites glitch
 Bulbapedia also has an article about.
 Many glitch Pokémon including regular MissingNo. and 'M (00) cause the inverse sprites glitch after encountering them or viewing their Pokémon summary.
 This glitch causes Pokémon front and back sprites to appear fixed. The problem can be fixed by viewing the summary screen of any non-glitch Pokémon (or some glitch Pokémon).
 The inverse sprites glitch is useful for catching Horsea (English versions) or Pikachu (Japanese versions) for CoolTrainer♀ corruption.
 This glitch occurs when memory address 0xD0AA (Red/Blue) or 0xD0A9 (Yellow) is a non-00 value.
 Sound and/or sound bank corruption
 Some glitch Pokémon sprites lead to the corruption of music, including potentially the sound bank.
 The sound bank (located at C0EF, C0F0) controls the 'type' of music to play, and valid values include 02 (locations 1/overworld), 08 (battle), 1F (locations 2/in doors) and 20 (special music).
 When the sound bank is an invalid value, it can lead to potentially a freeze and/or tile corruption.
 Sound bank corruption is notably caused by both Yellow MissingNo. and ♀. (0xC1), with glitch music and sometimes a repeating "(POKéMON) is trying to learn" message.
 Sometimes the music will be corrupted but the game will not freeze.
 Both?/ (0xEC) and ♂ p ゥ (0xF4) are also capable of corrupting the music via their Pokémon summary.
 Other effects
 - Game freeze
 - Corrupted tileset (アネﾞデパミﾞ (0xFF) in Japanese Yellow)
 - Corruption of the next number of Poké Ball rolls (Yellow regular MissingNo.)
 - Misaligned character
 - If the player tries to Dig or Escape Rope away after the corruption, then the player's sprite may move up and wrap around the screen possibly indefinitely
 - 0xC109 ('facing direction') corruption. Can be used to cause facing direction arbitrary code execution after using Lg- (hex:6E) (Yellow regular MissingNo.)


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Creating a Simple iOS Client for Relativity Server
September 23, 2011 in iOS, Relativity, Xcode
Today I want to talk about how to create a simple iPhone client application for Relativity server using the DataAbstract for Xcode templates. Though the focus will be on Xcode 4, the same mechanisms can be applied to Xcode 3.
Going through a set of actions, we will use a DataAbstract iOS Application template to create an application with several views representing a Master/Detail relation.
Let's start with the first step.
Creating a new project using a DataAbstract iOS Application template
Open your Xcode application and perform the File>New>New project… command.
In the opened sheet, choose the RemObjects Software category from the iOS templates section and select the Data Abstract iOS Application template.
Specify the product name and don't forget to set the Talk to Relativity Server option.
Finally, select the destination folder for your new project and press the Create button. Your new project should now be open:
Let's take a few seconds to review what you have at the moment. You should have a compilable application (with some warnings – we will review them a bit later) that has an AppDelegate class and a RootViewController with its xib. There should also be a DataAccess class, which will be responsible for all manipulation with data. The new project also has all the necessary linker flags and properly configured paths as shown in the screen-shot below:
Implementation of the iOS client
Now you can compile the application, after which you will see a set of warnings:
These warnings were generated by the template system to highlight places that require adjusting or proper implementation to get your application working. Let's walk through all of them and eliminate them one by one.
1. Adjusting the connection configuration
First, let's change some defaults in the generated DataAccess class to specify the Relativity server URL, domain and schema. For this example, let's assume that you have the Relativity server running on a Windows computer with the IP
Open the DataAccess.m file and specify the proper URL for the Relativity server, domain and schema.
You can comment the warning there, since we are done with it (as shown below).
//_TAG_ Define your server address and Relativity domain name, below.
_TAG_ SERVER_URL @""
_TAG_ SERVICE_NAME @"DataService" // Do not change when using Relativity server
_TAG_ RELATIVITY_DOMAIN @"PCTrade Sample"
2. Defining tables you want to work with
Since the DataAccess class encapsulates all functionality needed for working with data, you need to define your tables there. Let's define them as retain properties. See the code below:
_USER_ DataAccess : NSObject
 DADataTable *clientsTable;
 DADataTable *ordersTable;
 DADataTable *orderDetailsTable;
_USER_ (retain) DADataTable *clientsTable;
_USER_ (retain) DADataTable *ordersTable;
_USER_ (retain) DADataTable *orderDetailsTable;
Don't forget to add the proper _USER_ directive and release the properties in the dealloc method in the DataAccess.m file.
_TAG_ mark -
_TAG_ mark Properties
_USER_ clientsTable, ordersTable, orderDetailsTable;
- (void) dealloc {
 [clientsTable release], clientsTable = nil;
 [ordersTable release], ordersTable = nil;
 [orderDetailsTable release], orderDetailsTable = nil;
 [super dealloc];
3. Implementing the initial loading of data
Now let's implement the method for the initial loading of data from the Relativity server.
Locate the downloadData method of the DataAccess class and add the following code:
Note: Our templates contain various vital tips and explanations on how to use a particular method. Please carefully review this kind of information, it can be very useful.
- (void)downloadData {
 //_TAG_ Implement this method to download any data your application needs on first start
 NSArray *tableNames = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
 ORDERDETAILS_TABLE_NAME, nil];
 NSDictionary *tables = [rda getDataTables:tableNames];
 [self setClientsTable:[tables valueForKey:CLIENTS_TABLE_NAME]];
 [self setOrdersTable:[tables valueForKey:ORDERS_TABLE_NAME]];
 [self setOrderDetailsTable:[tables valueForKey:ORDERDETAILS_TABLE_NAME]];
Note that we used a synchronous call to getDataTables here, because the whole downloadData method will be executed in a background thread (i.e. asynchronously).
4. Adding briefcase support to your application
In order to allow your application to work in offline mode, you need to persist downloaded data somewhere on the device. Let's use the DABriefcase functionality for this.
Locate the loadDataFromBriefcase: and saveDataToBriefcase: methods in the DataAccess class and implement them as shown below:
- (void)loadDataFromBriefcase:(DABriefcase *)briefcase {
 //_TAG_ Implement this method to re-load your data from the briefcase when re-launched
 [self setClientsTable:[briefcase tableNamed:CLIENTS_TABLE_NAME]];
 [self setOrdersTable:[briefcase tableNamed:ORDERS_TABLE_NAME]];
 [self setOrderDetailsTable:[briefcase tableNamed:ORDERDETAILS_TABLE_NAME]];
- (void)saveDataToBriefcase:(DABriefcase *)briefcase {
 //_TAG_ Implement this method to save your data to the briefcase
 [briefcase addTable:[self clientsTable]];
 [briefcase addTable:[self ordersTable]];
 [briefcase addTable:[self orderDetailsTable]];
 // Uncomment this to finalize briefcase support
 // (without this value written, DataAccess will ignore the briefcase when starting up,
 // see threadedLoadInitialData)
5. Extending the Orders table with lookup and calculated fields
Let's look at the orders table structure. It only has a minimal set of the fields like id, client id, date and status. That's not a lot and it would be be great to see (for example) the customer name instead of its ID and the total sum for the given order (which could be calculated from the OrderDetails table). Toachieve this, you'll have to add lookup and calculated fields to the Orders table. Locate the setupData method of the DataAccess class and add the following implementation:
- (void)setupData {
 // Use this method to implement any setup that's needed on your data tables, such as
 // creating lookup or calculated fields, etc.
 [[self ordersTable] addCalculatedFieldName:@"OrderTotal"
 [[self ordersTable] addLookupFieldName:@"CustomerName"
 sourceField:[[self ordersTable] fieldByName:@"Client"]
 lookupTable:[self clientsTable]
 lookupKeyField:[[self clientsTable] fieldByName:@"ClientId"]
 lookupResultField:[[self clientsTable] fieldByName:@"ClientName"]];
-(id)calculateSumForOrder:(DADataTableRow *)row {
 double result = 0;
 NSPredicate *p = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"Order == %@", [row valueForKey:@"OrderId"]];
 NSArray *rows = [[orderDetailsTable rows] filteredArrayUsingPredicate:p];
 for (DADataTableRow *orow in rows) {
 double summ = [(NSNumber *)[orow valueForKey:@"Total"] doubleValue];
 result = result + summ;
 return [NSNumber numberWithDouble:result];
6. Checking the login and password stuff in your Application delegate
Relativity server provides secured services protected by login and password. Thus, when asking for data the first time, a SessionNotFound exception will be raised on the Relativity side to tells you that you need to login to the Relativity domain first. When you log in to it, it will be able to find your registered session and allow you to proceed. The iOS client application can catch this kind of exception and provide a login operation in the background, and, after successful login, it will repeat the last failed request. When you open the PCTradeClientAppDelegate.h file you will see that this class supports the DataAccessDelegate protocol, which has a needLogin:password: method that will be used for obtaining the proper login and password.
Since you are mostly using default settings, you can leave the already generated method untouched. It should look like this:
- (BOOL)needLogin:(NSString **)login password:(NSString **)password {
 //_TAG_ Implement this method to ask the user for login information when needed
 // The DataAccess automatically takes care of storing login information in Settings and Key Chain,
 // and retrieving it as necessary. This method is only called when no login is stored (i.e. on first
 // run) or if the login retrieved was rejected by the server.
 // Typically, you would implement this method to bring up a UI that asks the user for his credentials.
 // By default, new Relativity Server domains will use "Data"/"Relativity" as login, unless
 // the login provider setup has been changed by the administrator.
 *login = @"Data";
 *password = @"Relativity";
 return YES; // return YES if the user provided login details, or NO if the user canceled
7. Implementing the RootViewController
You can now configure the root view to show the list of clients:
Open the RootViewController.m file and locate the myTable method that specifies the main data table for the whole current view. Since the default name myTable is a bit nondescript, let's use the Refactoring>Rename option to rename it viewData.
Now add the following implementation:
- (DADataTable *)viewData {
 //_TAG_ Implement this method to return the table this view will work on
 return [[DataAccess sharedInstance]


text:
Billions of chained 2000 dollars, except as noted
|Share of GDP (percent)||2.9||2.9||3.0||3.1||3.1||3.2||3.2||3.2||3.1||3.2||3.0|
KEY: GDP = Gross Domestic Product.
NOTES: For-hire transportation includes railroad transportation, local and interurban passenger transit, trucking and warehousing, water transportation, transportation by air, pipelines (except natural gas), and transportation services. Transportation services cover establishments furnishing services incidental to transportation (e.g., forwarding and packing services and the arrangement of passenger and freight transportation).
Current dollar amounts (see table 13-4b) were converted to chained 2000 dollars by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics to eliminate the effects of inflation over time.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, calculations based on data from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, "Gross Domestic Product by Industry," available at _URL_ as of February 2004.


text:
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
- v. To occupy the same relative position or the same area in space.
- v. To happen at the same time or during the same period.
- v. To correspond exactly; be identical.
- v. To agree exactly, as in opinion; concur. See Synonyms at agree.
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- To occupy the same place in space, the same point or period in time, or the same position in a scale or series: as, a temperature of 25° on the centigrade scale coincides with one of 77° on the scale of Fahrenheit; the rise of the church coincides with the decline of the Roman empire.
- To concur; agree; correspond exactly: as, the judges did not coincide in opinion; that did not coincide with my views.
- v. To occupy exactly the same space.
- v. To occur at the same time.
- v. To correspond, concur, or agree.
GNU Webster's 1913
- v. To occupy the same place in space, as two equal triangles, when placed one on the other.
- v. To occur at the same time; to be contemporaneous.
- v. To correspond exactly; to agree; to concur.
- v. happen simultaneously
- v. go with, fall together
- v. be the same
- From French coïncider, from Medieval Latin coincidere (co- + incidere) (Wiktionary)
- Medieval Latin coincidere : Latin co-, co- + Latin incidere, to occur; see incident. (American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition)
"Its determinations regarding Flight 77 and the alleged phone calls coincide with those of Griffin-Balsamo, Meyssan and Ratier but extend beyond that."
"It will be interesting to see if their jail terms coincide with tourist season."
"Despite (or, indeed, due to) the discrepancy between implicational formulas and combinatory terms, classes of implicational formulas that can be assigned to certain sets of combinatory terms coincide with some important logics."
"Moreover, in these logics the classes of algebras obtained by the two ways of generalizing the Lindenbaum-Tarski method coincide, that is,"
"And if the two terms coincide in extension, the predicate must either coincide also in intension with the subject or not."
"All lengths and angles of one have their exact duplicate in the other, yet the two cannot be made to coincide, that is, be fitted the one into the other so that they shall both stand as one pyramid."
"SHADOW of this equatorial line to be thrown on the vast concave of the Sky, this shadow would in astronomical parlance coincide with the"
"The above is logically equivalent to R 'x x' whenever X and X 'coincide, which is also equivalent to R x x' whenever the quotients are equal, which in turn is when we care about the meaning of equality for classes."
"How some of these titles coincide with your stats is anyone's guess; which you would rather be depends on your point of view, really."
These user-created lists contain the word 'coincide'.
Use these and get promoted
A list of words that are odd or words that I have looked up.
a couple words
cool mint antiseptic
This is a list of academic words for students learning English as a Second or Foreign Language. It includes 570 word families that often appear in academic texts. It does not include words that are...
Words ending in "cide"
Looking for tweets for coincide.


Do Fish Tanks Need Light? Can I Turn Them Off At Night?
You've got yourself a new fish tank and you are all excited. But something is troubling you. Does my fish tank need lighting?
Let me answer it as clearly as possible:
Your fish tank does need lighting and you can turn them off at night. However, the amount depends on the type of fish and the environment you want to create.
The answer might seem simple but there are several nuances to this subject. From the type of fish you plan on keeping to the type of plants you want, lighting plays a crucial role. How crucial? Read on to find out.
Why Fish Tanks Need Lighting?
Ask any seasoned fish owner and he will tell you this:
Fish are at their peak health when the tank resembles their natural habitat.
This is not a surprise. Fish, at the end of the day, are wild creatures. They need a habitat that provides them with proper nourishment as well as serves their primal instincts. So, before purchasing any fish carefully consider these questions:
 - What species is this?
 - What kind of habitat do they live in?
 - How do I make the fish tank mimic their natural habitat?
You must research these questions and carefully consider your options.
The good news is, it is not anything like rocket science. Just pay attention to a couple of key points and you'll be good to go.
Firstly, you need to consider is the type of fish. When it comes to lighting, fish can be broadly classified into two types:
 - Fish who are used to bright light
 - Fish who live in dark places
The lighting requirements of your fish tank will depend on the type of fish you keep.
For fish who are accustomed to bright light, you need to properly illuminate your aquarium. These fish have a pretty regulated body clock. When I say body clock I mean their bodies respond to the amount of light. Ample light is indicative of daytime which makes the fish active. As soon as the lights are dimmed, the fish go into sleep mode.
On the other hand, fish who live in depths of the ocean or murky lakes aren't accustomed to bright light. In this case, if the tank has too much lighting, the fish will get disturbed which will harm their health.
Secondly, the plants you want to keep also make a difference when it comes to lighting. Some plants need ample light for Photosynthesis while others can grow without much light. As a result, when it comes to plants, there is no concrete answer and everything depends on the individual species.
Fish Tank Needs Lights (Video)
Different Types of Lighting
Now that you know lighting is necessary, let's figure what type of lighting you need.
Generally, lighting is of the following types:
Fluorescent is, perhaps, the most commonly used lighting type. These lights are suitable for almost all of the freshwater fish and plants. Ample, bright light and inexpensive to boot are some of the qualities that make Fluorescent lights suitable for most occasions.
T-5 HO Fluorescent
T-5 HO is a type of fluorescent that produces more light than regular fluorescents. The term 'HO' in the name signifies High Output. T-5 produces almost twice as much light and is thus geared towards people who own large tanks and require a stronger light source for better illumination.
One side effect of T-5 HO is that it produces more heat. So, you should be careful and should carefully monitor the temperature of the tank when using T-5 HO.
L.E.D (Light Emitting Diode)
Amongst the types of lights discussed above, LED, in my opinion, is the best one. A Light Emitting Diode boasts several advantages over the Fluorescent and T-5 HO. First and Foremost, it is cheaper to operate. Secondly, unlike Fluorescent, it lasts a long time without any change to the amount and color of light.
These are the most common types of lights used in aquariums. Not all of them are suited for every tank. Choose the type of light after considering the type of fish and plants you plan on keeping.
Common Lighting Requirements
If you have been paying attention, you will have noticed a pattern:
The type of light needed is subjective.
Similarly, the amount of light you need depends greatly on the type of fish and plants you keep. On average, most fish species need 10-12 hours of light. This number varies depending on the following factors:
 - The number and type of plants
 - Light requirements of individual fish species
 - The amount of ambient light already available
As a thumb rule remember this:
The more the plants, the more light will be required.
The Effects of Lighting on Aquatic Plants
Aquatic plants aren't much different than surface ones. Both of them require nutrients and a healthy amount of light to grow. More specifically, light is needed for photosynthesis.
For the uninitiated:
Photosynthesis is a process by which plants take in Carbon Dioxide and Light to produce food and Oxygen.
So, the more the light, the more Photosynthesis and hence more food. This is the reason why you need to have sufficient light in your fish tank. Without it, the plants will start to lose their vitality and will ultimately die.
The Effects of Lighting on Different Fish
Just like plants, different fish also need different amounts of light.
Light is essential for the proper growth of fish. The amount of light entering the tank regulates the internal body clocks of the fish. With increased light, fish wake up and become active. Similarly, when it gets dark, the internal clock kicks in and fish go to sleep.
On the other hand, If there is too little light, most fish will lose their appetite and their colors will appear dull. If not resolved, the situation can prove fatal.
The best you can do in this regard is to try to mimic the lighting conditions of your fish's natural habitat. Get as close as you can!
The Side Effects of Too Much Light
There is a Chinese saying:
Wu Ji Bi Fan.
It loosely translates to:
Too much of anything is bad.
This is exactly how you should view lighting. Too much lighting is pretty bad for not only the fish but also your fish tank.
In the case of fish, too much light can disturb their metabolism. Not only that fish can also become stressed which can prove to be fatal.
Similarly, your fish tank as a whole also suffers when there is too much light. Algae grow at an accelerated pace under increased lighting. An increase in the amount of Algae not only pollutes the tank but also reduces the amount of Oxygen when the Algae eventually dies.
To tackle this issue, it is crucial to regulate the amount of light your fish tank gets.
Regulating Light
Too much or too little light can spell doom for a fish owner. The loss of fish and the ever-increasing risk of Algae overgrowth are troubling matters. Keeping this in mind, it is pretty important to regulate the lighting.
Following are two simple ways that you can do this:
 - Buy an electronic timer
 - Set an alarm to turn the lights on and off at the same time each day
The latter point is self-explanatory. The first point, however, requires a little explanation.
An electronic timer is a device that regulates the lighting by turning the lights on and off at the same time every day. You just set the time you want and it takes care of the rest.
This is pretty much all you need to know about lighting for your fish tank. If I were to summarize this discussion in a few sentences, It would be:
Research before purchasing any lighting and don't use too much. Plus, use a timer to regulate it.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are LED lights good for fish?
LED lights are quite good for fish. These lights use far less electricity than other lights, say, Fluorescent. Plus, they also produce less heat and can last for a long time without suffering from the color shift.
Can fish see in the dark in a fish tank?
The question of whether fish can see in the dark is highly subjective. There are fish species which can see in the dark but these are mostly deep-sea fish. Fish taken from ponds and freshwater lakes can't see in the dark.
Do fish like aquarium lights?
Fish need aquarium lights. The absence of light can have adverse effects on their health and overall appearance. If there is not enough light, most fish lose their appetite and their colors become dull.
Can LED lights cause more algae in an aquarium?
No LED lights specifically don't cause more Algae. The growth of Algae depends on a couple of factors:
 - The competition for light
 - The amount of light
If there are no aquatic plants, Algae will have no competition and its growth will be accelerated.
On the other hand, if there is more light than needed than Algae is going to grow at an increased rate.
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