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The servo channel of a tape system is the signal processing unit that derives essential servo parameters, such as tape velocity, lateral head position, and longitudinal tape position from patterns that are written onto tape during manufacturing time. These so-called timing-based servo (TBS) patterns form dedicated servo bands that straddle the data bands. For instance, in current LTO drives, five servo bands straddle four data bands. The TBS technology was developed in the mid-1990s for linear tape drives and has been adopted as LTO standard.
In TBS systems, recorded patterns to aid track-following servo consist of transitions with two different azimuthal slopes, as shown in Figure 1. The head lateral position and the tape velocity are derived from the relative timing of pulses generated by a servo reader reading the pattern. TBS patterns also enable the encoding of longitudinal position (LPOS) information by shifting transitions from their nominal position using pulse-position modulation.
Figure 1. TBS servo pattern used in LTO1-LTO6.
Significant track density increases will be required to keep scaling tape cartridge capacity. Therefore a high-performance servo channel is essential that allows head positioning with nanometer precision. Another important parameter that depends on the capabilities of the servo channel is the access time to data, which includes loading and mounting the tape into the drive, and the spooling of the tape to the target position. To reduce the access time, the servo system must support proper operation during tape acceleration and deceleration, and at very high tape velocities.
We addressed the above challenges by introducing a synchronous servo channel architecture [2012-10, 2009-1, 2009-8], which is depicted in Figure 2. The new servo channel improves the tape drive performance and reliability and enables the scaling towards multi-terabyte tape cartridge capacities. It represents a major improvement over the legacy TBS servo channel because of its novel timing-recovery concept and optimum servo channel parameter estimation based on adaptive matched filtering. The performance of the new synchronous servo channel has been exploited in our tape areal density demonstration of 29.5 Gb/in2 on BaFe media. In a more recent technical demonstration, the servo channel was key to achieve a track-following performance with a standard deviation of the position-error signal of less than 14 nm.
Advanced tape drive functions are being developed where multiple servo channels operating in parallel are utilized [2012-8, 2012-9, 2012-4]. These functions include the initial fast positioning of the head module, which aims at properly aligning two servo readers over adjacent servo bands, the estimation of the tape-to-head skew for dynamic skew compensation, and the estimation of tape velocity and tension for improved tape transport.


Binghamton University has two major HPC clusters. However, they both run SLURM in user space. If an organization needs to quickly, temporarily, run a heavy computation on the fly, significant setup is required.
What it does
Searches the local network for nodes that one can log in to; built authorization on top of SSH. Commands are distributed via sockets + protobuf, state is kept sane as the network is meant to have the same NFS.
How I built it
TCP Socket server plus rudimentary python
Challenges I ran into
Socket pipe kept breaking. Just try catched it.
Accomplishments that I'm proud of
Nodes are matched via regex, allowing significant clusters
What I learned
Synchronization across multiple processes/nodes, how to get a process to run on a remote server without keeping an active session
What's next for User Cluster
Implement arguments that alias to utilities such as ulimit, for memory and CPU usage. Proper algorithm for choosing nodes rather than just cycling each command. Detaching the manager from the shell, for p
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Sustaining Members Code of Ethics
The credibility of the AMSUS Sustaining Members (SM) section is dependent on the trust and confidence we earn from our members, parent organization, and customers. We gain credibility by adhering to our commitments, displaying honesty and integrity, and reaching goals solely through honorable conduct. It is the purpose of our Code of Ethics to provide a guide to proper business conduct for all corporate member representatives, hereby referred to as representatives. We expect all representatives to observe the highest standards of ethics and integrity in their conduct. This means following a basic code of ethical behavior that includes the following:
- The antitrust laws promote competition by prohibiting anti-competitive behavior. All representatives should take care not to disclose anything that is competitively sensitive or proprietary. If you feel the least bit uncomfortable with the contents of any aspect of any SM program, raise the issue immediately so that it can be fully discussed and resolved.
- Representatives shall maintain a high standard of ethical conduct and thus contribute to the integrity of the Association.
- Representatives shall at all times respect the rights and dignity of all individuals.
- Representatives have the responsibility for demonstrating, through their actions, clear and direct behavior consistent with this Code.
- Representatives shall maintain a commitment to integrity by complying with all laws, rules, and regulations when we do business.
- Representatives shall be dedicated to ethical, fair, and considerate behavior in all their dealings.
- Representatives shall avoid any activity that might impair, or appear to impair, the ability to make objective and fair decisions when conducting business.
- Since we deal with federal government customers, for whom special rules apply, business courtesies shall not violate any law or regulation or the standards of conduct of the recipient's organization.
- Representatives shall not improperly influence, manipulate, or knowingly mislead any customer, other member, or business partner of the association.
- Representatives shall protect all other members' right to privacy and confidentiality with respect to information sought or received and resources consulted.
- Representatives shall treat colleagues with respect, fairness, and good faith, and advocate conditions of membership that safeguard the rights and welfare of all.
- Representatives shall provide the highest level of service to the AMSUS SM organization through accurate, unbiased, and courteous responses to all requests.
- Representatives shall not advance private interests at the expense of the organization, colleagues, or customers.
Compliance with these principles is an essential element to maintaining the highest possible credibility for the organization. Any non-compliance should be reported directly the AMSUS SM Executive Council in writing for review.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Lower Plants Collections
The origins of the botanical collections in Cardiff began in 1867 when Cardiff Naturalists Society formed and influenced the development of Cardiff Free Library, Museum and Schools of Science and Art. The first noteworthy botanical purchase of the society was in 1870 with the Conway Collection.
An estimated 337,000 specimens in Amgueddfa Cymru — National Museum Wales herbarium are lower plants, mainly consisting of bryophytes (mosses, liverworts and hornworts) coming to around 280,000 specimens. However, there are also many specimens of lichens (45,000), fungi (6,700) and algae (5,000).
Keeping the collections safe and in good condition is part of the job of curators who work closely with the conservation department in the Museum.
Explore the collections online. We are gradually adding to these, so further catalogues will become available.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Bunsen burner
From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
A Bunsen burner
A Bunsen burner is a common piece of laboratory equipment. It is commonly used for heating chemical substances, sterilization, and combustion. It works by burning flammable gas. It is named after Robert Wilhelm Bunsen, a German chemist. He made important improvements on an earlier burner invented by Michael Faraday.
The Bunsen burner can be adjusted to make a flame that is very hot without making much light. This allows seeing the different colors that various chemicals make when they are sprinkled into the flame.


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The photosynthetic performance of the fruticose lichen Usnea sphacelata was measured using advanced, climatised photosynthetic cuvettes at Scott Base. Individuals of the Usnea sp were identified and collected and their distribution recorded at Cape Royds. Two forms, a pale shade form and a dark sun form were identified. Specimens were removed and used for gas-exchange studies. Full photosynthetic response curves to light were obtained for the dark and pale forms at 10, 5, 0, -5 and -10°C. A photosynthesis to thallus water content curve was also produced for both dark and pale forms.
All data is held by the investigator. Please contact Professor Allan Green for more information.
The plant collections (~30,000 mosses, liverwort and lichens collected by Professor Rod Seppelt from Antarctica and sub-Antarctic Islands) are housed in the Australian Antarctic Division herbarium. This herbarium is being formerly transferred to the Tasmanian Herbarium. As specimens are... fully incorporated into the herbarium (ADT) the data is automatically sent to and held in the Antarctic Database at the Australian Antarctic Division Data Centre. The data is currently in two separate databases, one which searchable and the other is in the process of being moved over.
For more information or access to samples, please contact:
Professor Rod Seppelt Principal Research Scientist Australian Antarctic Division Channel highway Kingston 7050 Tasmania, Australia ph: +61 (03) 6232 3438 fax: +61 (03) 6232 3449 e-mail: _EMAIL_


text: One of Madrid's oldest museums, dating back to 1867, this shares the same building as the Biblioteca Nacional and Museo del Libro. It traces the evolution of human cultures, from prehistoric times up to the 15th century, and the collection of artefacts includes finds from the Iberian, Celtic, Greek, Egyptian, Punic, Roman, Paleochristian, Visigothic and Muslim cultures. Remarkably, the great majority of pieces came from excavations carried out within Spain, illustrating the extraordinary continuity and diversity of human settlement in the Iberian peninsula. To tour the whole museum in chronological order, begin in the basement, which holds palaeontological material such as skulls, tombs and a mammoth's tusks, still attached to its skull. Some of the most interesting relics are from the area around Madrid itself, such as the many 4,000-year-old neolithic bell-shaped pottery bowls. The first floor holds the museum's most famous possession, the Dama de Elche, the intricate stone bust of an Iberian priestess, believed to date from 500BC. Further up, the usual definition of archaeology is stretched to include interesting exhibitions on post-Roman Visigothic and Muslim Spain, with wonderful ceramics and fine metalwork from Moorish Andalucia. After that there is a whole series of rooms dedicated to pieces from the Middle Ages and later eras. In the garden, steps lead underground to a reproduction of the renowned Altamira prehistoric cave paintings in Cantabria.


Best Language Learning Games: Part 3 of 5
Full size imageA Guest Post by Marc Anderson
This article features a language game using lettered dice called Throw It – Create It. Last week, a language game similar to Smart Mouth was shared. The game Scrambleword was featured previously in Part 1 of 5 as one of my top best learning games for ELL students. Here's how you play Throw It – Create It:
Throw It – Create It
How to Play
Throw It – Create It is similar to Boggle. It uses 16 letter cubes that are placed in a covered jar. One player shakes the jar and pours out the letters into a small box lid that is approximately 4 by 4 inches.
Anderson_ThrowIt-Create-ItThe player arranges the letter cubes so none of them are overlapping and sets the box down so everyone can see; the letter cubes should form a grid that is four die by four die. Players search for an assortment of letters for words of three or more letters within a specified time limit.
Words are formed from horizontal, vertical, or diagonal; and to the left, right, and up, and down. To spell words, the letter cubes must be touching from one cube to the next cube.
No letter may be used more than once in a single word. Any word found in a standard English dictionary is acceptable. There are no proper nouns, abbreviations or contractions.
When the time runs out, the players read their lists; if any other players have that word, it is crossed off and no one gets credit for it. You are awarded points for each word that is correctly spelled that no other player has listed. Points can be decided on ahead of time by the students. You might want to have 1 point for three-letter words, 2 points for four-letter words, etc., up to 8 or more letters. The cube "QU" counts for 2 letters.
Materials Needed
 1. 16 blank cubes and a permanent marker or other cubes (see #1 below and white stickers)
 2. One small jar with lid
 3. One small box lid (4 by 4 inches)
 4. Paper and pencils for students
 5. Clock or timer
 6. Dictionary to check spelling
How to Make the Game
 - You can use dice from other games, make wooden dice, or purchase dice either at a learning store or online. If you need to cover up what's on the old dice, use white stickers and then write the letters in permanent marker.
 - Write one letter on each side of the die. There is room for 96 letters. Mix the letters up on the die. You will have:
 - 5 each: A, E, I, O, U, R, S, T, L, N
 - 2 each: J, K, V, W, X, Y
 - 1 each: QU, Z
 - Adjusting points: You can play for totals each round, play to reach a tournament score of so many points, or play for a certain length of time.
 - Adjusting time: You can choose the length of your rounds based on the proficiency of your students; advanced students might do well with only 2 minutes, while lower-level students might benefit from longer periods of time.
 - Adjusting your letters: For lower-level students, you can, when creating the game, change the frequency of the letters you choose to put on the dice. For example, you can provide more vowels in exchange for some of the less-frequent letters, like W, X, or Y.
Look for Part 4 of my Best of the Best next week!
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Three Reasons Why Wet Puppy Food Is a Great Choice for Your Dog
As a pet owner, one of the most important decisions that you need to make is what type of food you want to feed your dog. Feeding them a healthy, well-balanced diet is essential for maintaining their health. With so many food options out there, however, it can be difficult to decide which route to take.
When you get a new puppy, one of the first decisions that you need to make is whether you want to feed them wet or dry food. Although each option has pros and cons, many veterinarians recommend going with a diet that consists mainly of canned food. Below are three reasons why wet puppy food is an excellent choice for your pet:
1. Canned dog food it higher in protein than dry food.
Puppies grow at an extremely fast rate. In order to support this growth, they require a lot of protein. Compared to dry food, wet food tends to have a lot more protein and a lot fewer carbohydrates. This can give puppies the energy that they need to not only play and stay active but also to grow at a healthy rate.
2. Canned food is less likely to spoil or get stale.
If you buy a big bag of dry food for your puppy, it could wind up going rancid before all of it is eaten. Even if the dry food is stored in an airtight container, the oils contained in it can become rancid over time. The food itself can also get stale and unappetizing, making it harder to get your puppy to eat.
Wet food, on the other hand, is fully preserved inside the can, meaning that it won't get stale or go rancid. Because it is not exposed to the air, it will last a lot longer. That means that you are much less likely to have to throw it out before it is all gone.
3. Wet food makes it easier to add variety to your puppy's diet.
When you choose dry food, you usually wind up feeding your puppy the exact same thing day after day until the bag is gone. Not only is a diet without much variety boring but it also may make it more difficult for your puppy to get all of the nutrients that they need.
When you go with wet food, on the other hand, it makes it a lot easier to vary your dog's diet. Alternating between different protein sources on a regular basis is a great way to ensure that there are no nutritional gaps in your dog's diet. It also makes mealtime a lot more enjoyable for your pet. Who wouldn't like a little bit of variety in their diet rather than having to eat the same thing day after day?
There are a lot of reasons why wet puppy food is a great option for your dog. Not only does it contain more protein than dry food but it also is less likely to spoil. As an added bonus, it provides your dog with variety and helps ensure that they are eating a nutritionally-balanced diet.
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Sign the Sportsmen's Bill of Rights
Be a Part of the Sportsmen's Solution
The Sportsmen for Responsible Energy Development Bill of Rights was created by hunters and anglers who want to ensure that our rights to hunt and fish on public lands are protected in the future. We recognize that our country needs energy and we know it is possible to develop resources and protect vital fish and game habitat at the same time. Sign up to today and help to ensure that our Western hunting and fishing heritage is protected for future generations.
The Sportsmen for Responsible Energy Development Bill of Rights
- The public lands that hunters and anglers depend upon shall remain in the public domain for the use of future generations.
- Hunters and anglers shall have a voice in decisions affecting energy development on public lands.
- Public lands shall be managed for many uses, including hunting and fishing.
- Our hunting and fishing heritage shall not be jeopardized by energy development that fails to account for the future, long-term impacts to fish, wildlife, and water resources.
- Energy development shall not harm water resources that are priceless to people and vital to wildlife.
- Hunters and anglers shall not be forced to pay for the costs associated with poorly planned energy development on public lands.
- Energy development shall comply with standard guidelines, best management practices, and regulations put in place to minimize the impact of development on fish, wildlife, and people.
- Vital fish and wildlife habitat on public lands shall be protected. Sage grouse habitat, fragile trout streams, deer and elk winter range, riparian areas, and other irreplaceable habitats must not be sacrificed.
- All sectors of the energy industry shall pay its fair share of the cost for habitat mitigation and restoration on public lands that are impacted by development.
- State and federal fish and wildlife agencies shall have adequate funding to ensure the long-term health of fish, wildlife, and water resources on our public lands.
Please join other organizations, businesses, and individuals and endorse the Sportsmen for Responsible Energy Development Bill of Rights. Play a role in bringing balance to energy development in the West.


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You need to have configured the phpMyAdmin configuration storage for using transformations feature.
To enable transformations, you have to setup the
table and the proper directives. Please see the Configuration on how to do so.
You can apply different transformations to the contents of each column. The transformation will take the content of each column and transform it with certain rules defined in the selected transformation.
Say you have a column 'filename' which contains a filename. Normally you would see in phpMyAdmin only this filename. Using transformations you can transform that filename into a HTML link, so you can click inside of the phpMyAdmin structure on the column's link and will see the file displayed in a new browser window. Using transformation options you can also specify strings to append/prepend to a string or the format you want the output stored in.
For a general overview of all available transformations and their options, you can consult your //transformation_overview.php installation.
For a tutorial on how to effectively use transformations, see our Link section on the official phpMyAdmin homepage.
Go to your tbl_structure.php page (i.e. reached through clicking on the 'Structure' link for a table). There click on "Change" (or change icon) and there you will see three new fields at the end of the line. They are called 'Media type', 'Browser transformation' and 'Transformation options'.
- The field 'Media type' is a drop-down field. Select the Media type that corresponds to the column's contents. Please note that transformations are inactive as long as no Media type is selected.
- The field 'Browser transformation' is a drop-down field. You can choose from a hopefully growing amount of pre-defined transformations. See below for information on how to build your own transformation. There are global transformations and mimetype-bound transformations. Global transformations can be used for any mimetype. They will take the mimetype, if necessary, into regard. Mimetype-bound transformations usually only operate on a certain mimetype. There are transformations which operate on the main mimetype (like 'image'), which will most likely take the subtype into regard, and those who only operate on a specific subtype (like 'image/jpeg'). You can use transformations on mimetypes for which the function was not defined for. There is no security check for you selected the right transformation, so take care of what the output will be like.
- The field 'Transformation options' is a free-type textfield. You have
to enter transform-function specific options here. Usually the
transforms can operate with default options, but it is generally a
good idea to look up the overview to see which options are necessary.
Much like the ENUM/SET-Fields, you have to split up several options
using the format 'a','b','c',…(NOTE THE MISSING BLANKS). This is
because internally the options will be parsed as an array, leaving the
first value the first element in the array, and so forth. If you want
to specify a MIME character set you can define it in the
transformation_options. You have to put that outside of the predefined options of the specific mime-transform, as the last value of
the set. Use the format "'; charset=XXX'". If you use a transform, for
which you can specify 2 options and you want to append a character
set, enter "'first parameter','second parameter','charset=us-ascii'".
You can, however use the defaults for the parameters: "'','','charset
=us-ascii'". The default options can be configured using
All specific transformations for mimetypes are defined through class files in the directory 'libraries/classes/Plugins/Transformations/'. Each of them extends a certain transformation abstract class declared in libraries/classes/Plugins/Transformations/Abs.
They are stored in files to ease up customization and easy adding of new transformations.
Because the user cannot enter own mimetypes, it is kept sure that transformations always work. It makes no sense to apply a transformation to a mimetype the transform-function doesn't know to handle.
There is a file called '
libraries/classes/Plugins/Transformations.php' that provides some
basic functions which can be included by any other transform function.
The file name convention is
Name].php, while the abstract class that it extends has the
[Transformation Name]TransformationsPlugin. All of the
methods that have to be implemented by a transformations plug-in are:
- getMIMEType() and getMIMESubtype() in the main class;
- getName(), getInfo() and applyTransformation() in the abstract class it extends.
The getMIMEType(), getMIMESubtype() and getName() methods return the name of the MIME type, MIME Subtype and transformation accordingly. getInfo() returns the transformation's description and possible options it may receive and applyTransformation() is the method that does the actual work of the transformation plug-in.
Please see the
libraries/classes/Plugins/Transformations/TEMPLATE_ABSTRACT files for adding
your own transformation plug-in. You can also generate a new
transformation plug-in (with or without the abstract transformation
class), by using
The applyTransformation() method always gets passed three variables:
- $buffer - Contains the text inside of the column. This is the text, you want to transform.
- $options - Contains any user-passed options to a transform function as an array.
- $meta - Contains an object with information about your column. The data is drawn from the output of the mysql_fetch_field() function. This means, all object properties described on the manual page are available in this variable and can be used to transform a column accordingly to unsigned/zerofill/not_null/… properties. The $meta->mimetype variable contains the original Media type of the column (i.e. 'text/plain', 'image/jpeg' etc.)


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People who eat fruit before doing their grocery shopping are significantly more likely to make healthier purchasing choices, a new study reveals.
Research carried out by a team from Cornell University shows that eating a small snack prior to food shopping can result in an individual being encouraged to purchase around 25 per cent more fruit and veg than if they had gone to the supermarket on an empty stomach.
This conclusion was reached following three studies, with the first involving 120 shoppers being given either an apple sample, a piece of cookie or nothing at all at the start of their grocery shop.
Following analysis of their purchases, it was found that those who ate fruit before shopping bought an average of 28 per cent more fruit and veg, while customers who had the cookie sample purchased around 25 per cent more than those who had no snack at all. While fruit had the best effect on consumers, it is apparent that any small snack can influence purchasing choices.
Co-author of the studies Aner Tal concluded: 'What this teaches us, is that having a small healthy snack before shopping can put us in a healthier mindset and steer us towards making better food choices.'
The second study saw 56 participants given either a cookie or apple sample before being presented with pairs of food items to purchase. Again, those who had eaten fruit prior to making purchasing choices were significantly more likely to opt for healthier pairs than those who had the biscuit.
Finally, the third part of the research involved 59 individuals being divided into three groups and given different chocolate milk that was labelled as either 'healthy and wholesome' or 'rich and indulgent', with the final group receiving no milk at all.
The participants were then monitored while shopping, with the analysis showing that those who drank the supposedly healthier milk were more likely to make more nutritious choices when shopping.
Combined, the results of the three studies indicate that eating a healthy snack, or thinking they've consumed something nutritious is enough to trigger healthier purchases among grocery shoppers.


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OCDP: Ontario Climate Data Portal
The Ontario Climate Data Portal (OCDP) was recently launched to ensure technical or non-technical end-users (e.g. municipalities, private sector) have easy and intuitive access to the latest robust climate data over the Province of Ontario, Canada. The OCDP incorporates the high-resolution (10 km x 10 km) climate projections developed by the LAMPS at the York University using state-of-the-science combined downscaling technique based on a large ensemble of global and regional climate model results released under the latest IPCC AR5. The 209-member ensemble accounted for projections developed by other jurisdictions such as members of NA-CORDEX, PCIC, OURANOS, University of Toronto, York University, and University of Regina. This user-friendly data portal provides both visual representations and data downloading functions of climate scenarios across Ontario using geospatial maps, including both typical and extreme climate change indicators at temporal scales from annual, seasonal, monthly to daily.


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HealthEd Academy Report Reveals Many Patient Languages Not Supported by Healthcare System
One respondent in 3 cites communication and language barriers as key challenges to reaching diverse patient groups
CLARK, N.J., Feb. 5, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Despite ongoing efforts, healthcare providers looking to meet the needs of culturally diverse patient populations face significant barriers, including a lack of resources in the appropriate languages. The findings come from a report published Monday by HealthEd Academy—the research arm of HealthEd, a healthcare solutions company rooted in education.
HealthEd Academy surveyed almost 200 healthcare extenders—non-MD health professionals who work directly with patients and whose numbers include nurses, dietitians, health educators, nurse practitioners, patient navigators, and social workers. Because of their position on the front lines of healthcare, healthcare extenders have unique perspectives into the realities of meeting the needs of multicultural patient audiences.
Report highlights include:
- When asked about the challenges of reaching culturally diverse patient groups, 29% of respondents cited communication and language barriers
- Almost half of respondents lack access to patient education materials in the languages they need. Just as many respondents (18%) cited a need for Chinese-language materials as for Spanish/Spanish Creole materials
- 42% of respondents translate patient education materials into other languages
The report, Engaging Patients From Multicultural Backgrounds, also depicts hurdles and approaches that extend beyond language barriers. Of the 192 respondents:
- When asked about strategies for engaging patients from diverse backgrounds, only 35% said they use community health workers
- Only a small minority (1%) deliver patient education at local pharmacies/drugstores—this despite a provision in the Affordable Care Act that emphasizes the role of pharmacies in medication therapy management
- 51% of respondents are comfortable with their knowledge of the health beliefs of the cultural groups with which they work
"These findings show that diversity in the United States has a very real and tangible impact on healthcare. There is a lot of work that still needs to be done to ensure that we are meeting the needs of all patients," said Katherine Margolis, PhD, director of health behavior strategy and research for HealthEd.
To download a free excerpt or learn more about purchasing the full report, visit _URL_.
HealthEd is committed to creating a healthier world. We foster better health and business results through innovative solutions that are rooted in education. So learning becomes doing.
Our clients include pharmaceutical brands, medical device companies, health plans, and government organizations. HealthEd also supports healthcare extenders with SurroundHealth, a free online learning community. To learn about working with us, contact Marissa Addalia at _PHONE_, follow us at _URL_ or visit _URL_.
Phone: _PHONE_
This press release was issued through eReleases® Press Release Distribution. For more information, visit _URL_.
Browse our custom packages or build your own to meet your unique communications needs.
Learn about PR Newswire services
Request more information about PR Newswire products and services or call us at _PHONE_.


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Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. The native name of a grallatorial bird of South America, the seriema.
- n. [capitalized] [NL.] A genus of birds (Brisson, 1760), the type being the seriema, the Palamedea cristata (Linnæus), Microdactylus marcgravii (Geoffroy St. Hilaire), Dicholophus cristatus (Illiger), now usually called Cariama cristata: a bird of uncertain affinities, sometimes classed with cranes, sometimes with hawks, and again left by itself.
GNU Webster's 1913
- n. (Zoöl.) A large, long-legged cranelike South American wading bird (Cariama cristata, formerly Dicholophus cristatus) which preys upon snakes, etc.; it is also called the
seriema, but that latter name is also applied to another South American bird. See seriema.
- n. the type genus of the Cariamidae, consisting only of the Cariama cristata, also called the
- n. the type genus of the Cariamidae comprising only the crested cariama
Sorry, no example sentences found.
Looking for tweets for cariama.


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One of the issues with pivot tables in Excel 2010 (and earlier versions) is that it isn't possible to calculate median using the Value Field Settings. In this post I am going to first extol the virtues of the median (again) and then demonstrate a formula for calculating the median in a cross tabulation.
Why do we care about the median and why can't we just use the mean? The mean is the proper measure of central tendency when what we want to average is normally distributed. In those situations, adding everything up and dividing by the number of elements will give the value right at the peak of the distribution. However, when our distribution of values is heavily skewed the mean is less representative than the median. In those cases it makes more sense to take the middle value (i.e. the median) of all the values when they are ordered from smallest to largest.
The classic example of using the median is household income. There are a lot more small income households than large income households and those big households can really distort the mean. For example, let's say that we have 7 households with incomes (in $10,000s) of 1, 1.4, 1.8, 2, 2.1, 2.4 and 13.2. The mean of those numbers is 3.5 while the median is 2. Clearly 2 is a better representation of the centre of the data than the mean, which has been dragged higher by the one large income.
A similar issue occurs with any data set that is zero based. For example, say you want to do an analysis to determine how long offenders wait between their arrest and when they are fingerprinted. Many services schedule identification appointments days or even weeks after the arrest and it might be interesting to see what the average time is between arrest and appointment. The shortest possible wait is 0 days, the fingerprinting is done on the day of the arrest, and in general one would expect a shorter time rather than a longer one. While there may be some 28-day waits we don't want these outliers to unduly skew our average so we choose to take the median rather than the mean.
Let's take this example further by considering a spreadsheet were we have 1000 rows of arrest times and fingerprint times and the duration in days between them.
The easiest way to determine the median would be to use the formula =MEDIAN(D2:D1000) but that would only give us the median for the entire data set. When analysing our data with pivot tables we are often interested in cross tabulating based on a particular element of the data and in this example we want to see if average wait time is impacted by the day of the week of the arrest.
To begin the analysis we first insert a new pivot table and use it to determine average (by which Excel means mean) wait time for each day of the week.
Have a look at these mean values, particularly Saturday. What is up with that? I'll tell you: there are errors in the data set. Someone has keyed the dates in incorrectly and there are outliers that are horribly skewing the results. This is the other benefit of working with the median: medians resist the impact of outrageous outliers in a way that the mean doesn't. We could go back in and do some data cleansing but let's leave it for now so we can see how the median will handle it.
If you look at the list of options in the Value Field Settings you'll see that Median is not an option. Since pivot tables don't provide the option for determining the median we need to do some copying and pasting and use a formula to make it happen. Whenever I am investigating the median I first copy-and-paste-values the results of the mean pivot table to a new work sheet so that I can use the labels in my function calls. The new worksheet looks like this.
To calculate the median for each of the days of the week it is necessary to pull only those rows of data in the Data worksheet for that match the particular day. Once I have those rows I use the MEDIAN function to calculate the specific median for that day of week. To do this I use the formula in cell D4 below:
It is important to notice that the formula in the screen shot is surrounded by curly braces. You don't type the braces in because Excel adds them when you create what's known as an Array Formula. Array formulas are different than regular Excel formulas because they work with a whole series of data values rather than a single data value. To tell Excel that you intend a formula to be an array formula you must press CTRL SHIFT ENTER (all three keys at once, like CTRL ALT DEL) at the end, rather than just hitting ENTER. You'll know that you did it right because Excel will add the curly braces.
In this particular array formula what we're doing is using an IF formula to check every one of the Day of Week values in column A of the Data worksheet to see if it equals Sunday, or the value in B4. If the value does equal Sunday we return the wait time from column D for that row. The IF statement will check every row and return a range of values (all of the ones for Sunday) to the MEDIAN function which in turn calculates the median wait time for Sunday. The formula can then be filled down for each of the days just like you would with a regular formula.
You can see in the screen grab that we have median values for each of the days of the week. Clearly the outlier that impacted Saturday has been handled by using the median but also note the other days (except Monday) now have significantly smaller values. This is further evidence that the median is the correct choice for this data as using the mean, even when the data is clean, would lead to erroneous overestimates.
The bad news is that Excel can't calculate medians in a pivot table. The good news is that with a simple formula and the labels produced by the pivot table it is possible to calculate the median for different cross tabulations. It does require a little experimentation with array functions but this particular example is pretty tame and serves as a decent introduction to this very powerful technique.


text: Comparisons between observed and predicted strong lensing properties of galaxy clusters have been used to claim either tension or consistency with ΛCDM cosmology. However, standard approaches to such tests are unable to quantify the preference for one cosmology over another. We advocate a Bayesian approach whereby the parameters defining the scaling relation between Einstein radii and cluster mass are treated as the observables. We demonstrate a method of estimating the likelihood for observing these parameters under the ΛCDM framework, using the X-ray selected z > 0.5 MACS clusters as a case in point and employing both N-body and hydrodynamic simulations of clusters. We account for cluster lens triaxiality within the modelling of the likelihood function. Cluster selection criteria is found to play as important a role as the uncertainty related to the description of star formation and feedback.


Clay From Clothes
Here is a question submitted by Kelly:
I am having trouble getting clay out of my sons white baseball uniform.
Tools & Technique:
1. Carefully remove whatever you can using a soft scraping tool(spoon).
2. Soak and agitate in water before washing to further remove clay.
3. Use a laundry pre-treat or liquid detergent and rub into stain.
4. Launder as usual.
For tough stains use digestant presoak (don't use on wool or silk) product for about 30 minutes. Soak old stains for at least several hours.
Launder normally, rinse, and inspect. If stain remains, soak an additional 30 minutes, then rewash. If you are still having trouble try using a laundery booster available at most grocery stores. If the shirt is white you could also try bleaching the stains, by adding blech the the wash water.
Precaution:Always read and follow the care instructions and any warnings on the garment label. Don't dry the clothes until you have inspected the stain to see if it is gone. Heat sets most stains.
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text:
© 2013 TutorialsPoint.COM
SOAP Fault Element
When an error occurs during processing, the response to a SOAP message is a SOAP fault element in the body of the message, and the fault is returned to the sender of the SOAP message.
The SOAP fault mechanism returns specific information about the error, including a predefined code, a description, the address of the SOAP processor that generated
A SOAP Message can carry only one fault block
Fault element is an optional part of SOAP Message
For the HTTP binding, a successful response is linked to the 200 to 299 range of status codes;
SOAP fault is linked to the 500 to 599 range of status codes.
The SOAP Fault element has the following sub elements:
||A text code used to indicate a class of errors. See the next Table for a listing of predefined fault codes.
||A text message explaning the error
||A text string indicating who caused the fault. This is useful if the SOAP
message travels through several nodes in the SOAP message path, and the
client needs to know which node caused the error. A node that does not act
as the ultimate destination must include a faultActor element.
An element used to carry application-specific error messages. The detail element can contain child elements, called detail entries.
SOAP Fault Codes
The faultCode values defined below must be used in the faultcode element when describing faults
||Found an invalid namespace for the SOAP Envelope element
||An immediate child element of the Header element, with the mustUnderstand attribute set to "1", was
||The message was incorrectly formed or contained incorrect information
||There was a problem with the server so the message could not proceed
SOAP Fault Example
The following code is a sample Fault. The client has requested a method named ValidateCreditCard, but the service does not support such a method. This represents a client request error, and the server returns the following SOAP response:
Failed to locate method (ValidateCreditCard) in class
(examplesCreditCard) at /usr/local/ActivePerl-5.6/lib/
site_perl/5.6.0/SOAP/Lite.pm line 1555.


text:
The script runs again when you release and press the scroll button again. This time the "if" argument can't be evaluated to a null, since we have a definite value (5000) stored in the up_last_click variable. Lets assume you pressed the button exactly one quarter (1/4) second after the first press, and lets step through this script again:
up_first_click = getTimer( );
Now the up_first_click variable is updated to a new value by the "getTImer" action. Since one quarter second translates to 250 ms, up_first_click's new value will be 5250 (5000 + 250 = 5250). With that done, we move to the "if" condition, and fill in our numeric values for the up_first_click and up_last_click variables. 5250 - 5000 = 250 ms. Using this inequality expression, Mick has set the double-click threshold to 350 ms. As long as the pause between button presses is equal to or less than 350 ms, as it is in our example, the "if" argument returns "true" and its embedded action is executed. If the pause between cicks is longer than 350 ms, the continuous feedback buttons are triggered instead.
The embedded action, "scroll_shape._y = scroll_shape.logic.top;" immediately sets the _y position of scroll_shape to its uppermost limit, top. This is what creates the jump effect. Since our example "if" argument returns "true," the continuous feedback action embedded within the "else" clause is skipped. (A "true" value for the "if" statement voids the "else" clause below it.) Either way though, the action loop in logic is always triggered on (press) because the "gotoAndPlay("scroll_logic")" action isn't embedded within either the "if" or the "else." Conversely, logic is always stopped on (release).
The script for the bottom button is again structured very similarly to the
top, however the double click variables are named down_first_click and
down_last_click. Also the jump action embedded within the "if"
statement sets scroll_shape._y
to bottom, not top. The code in the source FLA is extensively
commented, but feel free to remove the comments ("//blah
blah blah") if it makes the code easier to understand for you :^)
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Rating: 8 Votes: 94
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text:
Incremental Replanning for Mapping
Maxim Likhachev* and Sven Koenig**
*Carnegie Mellon University, **Georgia Institute of Technology
Incremental heuristic search methods can often replan paths much faster than incremental or heuristic search methods individually, yet are simple to use. So far, they have only been used in mobile robotics to move a robot to given goal coordinates in unknown terrain. As far as we know, incremental heuristic search methods have not yet been applied to the problem of mapping unknown terrain. In this paper, we therefore describe how to apply our incremental heuristic search method D* Lite, that combines ideas from Lifelong Planning A* and Focussed D*, to mapping unknown terrain, which is rather nontrivial. We then compare its runtime against that of incremental search and heuristic search alone, demonstrating the computational benefits of their combination. By demonstrating the versatility and computational benefits of incremental heuristic search, we hope that this underexploited technique will be used more often in mobile robotics.


Home Page
Harthill Primary School
'A school at the heart of its village'
What is racism?
Racism can occur in different forms including; being mean to a person, restricting their opportunities and excluding them based on their race. There is a Powerpoint to read through below, this will really help you to understand the different levels of racism and racist discrimination.
What could I do if I hear someone being racist?
 It might be difficult knowing how to stand up to someone you hear being racist. Mrs Naylor has found the following 'racism interrupters' from an organisation called 'From Privilege to Progress' that you could use if hearing a friend or family member using racist language.


text:
There was a Tree
This charming book is based on the folk song "The Green Grass Grew All Around", a cumulative song that grows longer and longer with multiple verses. The book starts with a hole in the ground which grows a tree, which has a branch, and so on, with "the green grass grew all around, all around, and the green grass grew all around" ending every verse. Isadora uses rebuses to allow children to help read the story, similar to "The Jacket I Wear in the Snow", by Shirley Neitzel. The beautiful and creative illustrations were created using oil paints, printed paper, and palette paper. At the end of the book is the music for anyone who is not familiar with the song. Highly recommended for preschool through 2nd grade.
Send a Question or Comment to Appleton Public Library.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I'm looking for a word which describes a certain motion, a way of moving. Namely, I'm searching for a word which describes how a kaleidoscope moves when you turn it, or how a web moves when you pinch it in one location and drag that point around. This motion is distinctive in that if one location in the object moves then every other point moves in a complicated but, nonetheless, a systematic and fluid way.
I will be very sad if no such word exists.
I'm going to ask that everyone ignore my web analogy. That motion is distinctive to the idea I'm trying to capture. Here are a couple gifs that exemplify what I have in mind:
In addition to what I have said, this movement is interesting in that moving one point causes all the other points to move, but changing the root point you move does not alter how the other points were moving when you were moving the original vantage point.
I think I'll have to give up and just go with kaleidoscopic.
share|improve this question
'Kaleidoscope' means either the instrument, or 'any complex pattern of frequently / constantly changing shapes and colours' (or 'a complicated set of circumstances') [AHDEL] – Edwin Ashworth Apr 9 at 21:04
Sphere is animated hyperbolic tessellation. 4-d Rotation is animated topological transformation. Kaleidoscope is animated Cartesian tessellation. – Aaron K Apr 9 at 22:41
The sphere gif reminds me of a gyroscope. – JLG Apr 9 at 23:45
6 Answers 6
up vote 2 down vote accepted
I do not think that the motion in webs and kaleidoscopes are described by exactly the same phenomenon. I think that Voronoi Diagrams and Delaunay Triangulation would be most interesting to your inquiry about webs. I would call their motion "Voronoi optimizations." Hyperbolic tessellations are more closely related to kaleidoscopes and I would describe their motion as simply "kaleidoscopic."
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youtube.com/watch?v=ly8tgaswRo8 An nice example of a Voronoi / Delaunay Triangulation Optimization Diagram as an animation/musical toy iApp. – Aaron K Apr 9 at 22:33
Everything you've mentioned is interesting. And I feel like moving hyperbolic tessellations capture what I want (or higher-dimensional analogs). I guess I'll have to settle for kaleidoscopic. – Bryan Apr 9 at 22:41
I'm sure it will be better than "Voronoi/Delaunay Triangulation Optimization Diagram-ic" would be. – Oldcat Apr 9 at 23:27
These are not specific to that kind of movement, but:
 - meshed
 - harmonious/harmonized - if you're emphasizing the beauty/symmetry, I'd favor this
 - synchronized
share|improve this answer
"Kinematic" might be applicable in this case. Let me know what you think of that word as a solution to your query.
share|improve this answer
Unfortunately, I can't find anything that defines this word independently of 'kinematics' which is a field of study of body movements. Can you define it for me? – Bryan Apr 9 at 22:34
I think the words transformation, distortion, and permutation are all suitable. Even diffusion and refraction works. These are all utilitarian but easily understood.
I however like phantasmagorial
 - a confusing or strange scene that is like a dream because it is always changing in an odd way.
 - a constantly changing medley or real or imagined images (as in a dream)
share|improve this answer
This almost fits what I want, but I don't want the overtones of 'phantasm' or 'other-wordly.' – Bryan Apr 9 at 22:35
Consider simply using "kaleidoscopic."
kaleidoscopic: changing form, pattern, color, etc., in the manner of a kaleidoscope.
share|improve this answer
Psychedelic is often associated with the vivid colours and complex patterns of a kaleidoscope. If you added kinetic as in kinetic art I think that would paint a appropriate image.
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Your Answer


text:
Class responsible for converting between an object and its id.
This, the default implementation, uses an object's local
ObjectSpace __id__ as its id. This means that an object's identification over drb remains valid only while that object instance remains alive within the server runtime.
For alternative mechanisms, see
DRb::TimerIdConv in drb/timeridconv.rb and DRbNameIdConv in sample/name.rb in the full drb distribution.
Convert an object into a reference id.
This implementation returns the object's __id__ in the local object space.
# File lib/drb/drb.rb, line 379 def to_id(obj) obj.nil?? nil : obj.__id__ end
Convert an object reference id to an object.
This implementation looks up the reference id in the local object space and returns the object it refers to.
# File lib/drb/drb.rb, line 371 def to_obj(ref) ObjectSpace._id2ref(ref) end


Why Fat Grizzlies Don't Get Diabetes Like We Do
Bears can eat like pigs, hibernate for months and still be healthy. This seems so unfair. i i
Bears can eat like pigs, hibernate for months and still be healthy. This seems so unfair. Tim Shobe/iStockphoto hide caption
itoggle caption Tim Shobe/iStockphoto
Tim Shobe/iStockphoto
Sometimes nature comes up with elegant solutions to difficult problems, like how to gain weight and not get diabetes.
Take, for instance, the grizzly bear. How does this 750-pound mammal survive long, lean winters? Well, it just gets really fat beforehand and then sleeps the hungry season away.
Grizzly bears can easily double their body fat in the months leading up to hibernation. For us humans, this kind of weight gain could result in some pretty serious health consequences — one of the most common being Type 2 diabetes.
But grizzly bears are adept at staying healthy despite their dramatic fluctuations in weight, reports a study published Tuesday in Cell Metabolism.
According to the report, the grizzly's ability to pack on the pounds and then use that energy efficiently during hibernation might have to do with the surprising way that its body responds to the hormone insulin.
"The results were so different from what we see in humans and rodents that we were all very skeptical at first," says Kevin Corbit, a senior scientist at Amgen Inc., a biotechnology firm in Thousand Oaks, Calif., who led the research team. "This was a complete surprise," he says. Amgen is interested in the potential this research has to help treat obesity and diabetes.
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, and it instructs fat, liver and muscle tissue to suck up blood sugar and convert it into fat. In humans, weight gain is believed to lead to insulin resistance — the pancreas must produce more and more insulin to control blood sugar, until eventually it shuts down, causing Type 2 diabetes.
Corbit and his team wanted to know if packing on the pounds prior to hibernation also made grizzlies more resistant to insulin. So they decided to study six former "nuisance" bears in a rescue facility in Washington. These bears live in conditions that are as close to the wild as possible, so they still gorge out in the summer and hibernate in the winter. But being in captivity made them ultimately easier to wrangle.
Nevertheless, Corbit describes working with the bears as "a highly orchestrated ballet."
Assuming that, like humans, bears became less sensitive to insulin when they gained weight, the researchers waited until the bears were at their fattest — right before hibernation — and injected them with what they thought was a tiny dose of insulin, about the same amount you would give to a human.
The bears almost died of insulin overdose.
"That's when we knew something surprising was happening in the bears," says Corbit.
It turns out that despite all their excess poundage, the bears were very sensitive to insulin — a sign of great health.
Corbit and his team then looked at how the bears responded to insulin at other points during the year — before hibernation, during hibernation and after hibernation. They found that the bears were actually most sensitive to insulin just before hibernation, when they were at their largest. During hibernation, they became extremely resistant to insulin. Then after hibernation, they became sensitive to insulin again.
Based on the results, Corbit hypothesized that the bear's fat cells can actually change how they respond to insulin throughout the year.
"I look at it as a dimmer switch within the tissue," says Corbit, referring to how the cells turn their sensitivity to insulin up and down.
Evolutionarily, this insulin "dimmer switch" is actually very helpful to the bear. Before hibernation, when they are busy chowing down on berries and salmon, their high sensitivity to insulin helps them convert all that excess sugar in their bloodstream into fat. And during hibernation, their low sensitivity to insulin helps them maintain enough sugar in their blood stream to survive.
And Corbit says that if scientists can pinpoint the mechanism underlying the insulin dimmer switch, it might help in treating people who are showing early signs of diabetes.
"I think giving insulin is making people much sicker," he says. "I'm hoping that whatever we find is going to ramp up the insulin sensitivity enough that we don't have to supplement with insulin at all."
Maren Laughlin, a program director at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disorders who was not affiliated with the study, agrees that it would be beneficial to be able to treat people with smaller doses of insulin.
And Corbit's hypothesis that cells can flip their insulin sensitivity on and off is an intriguing one, she says, but the researchers would need to look at the bear's sensitivity to insulin at more points during the year to verify that.
This paper joins another, released in May, showing that specific genes in polar bears have evolved to let them eat as much fat as they please without succumbing to heart disease.
It seems that bears are just really good at being fat.


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No Junk In The Trunk - New Robotic Arm Never Forgets Its Elephant Lineage
Brainchild of Germany company Festo and the Fraunhofer institute in Stuttgart is the Bionic Handling Assistant (BHA), which takes its cue from the supple movement of the trunk of an elephant.
The idea behind the BHA was to create a bionic arm that was safe to use around humans - that wouldn't knock them over when swinging their way or hurt them if it tried to pick something up. Research, dedication and a great deal of Animal Planet led the creators to idea of using the trunk of an elephant as a model, owing to its ability to twist and bend freely along its length.
To simulate the flexibility of an elephant's trunk, Festo and Fraunhofer used a multitude of soft segments joined together and each created from a flexible polyamide. Within the segments are air chambers that are inflated in sequence to produce movement. The entire arm is divided into three large sections to grant it the ability to bend back on itself, and this coupled with the ability to individually inflate each of the air chambers means that the arm can move in almost any direction and do so incredibly smoothly.
The arm itself has collision detection sensors to prevent a "Doc Oc" kind of moment from occurring, as well as resistance sensors that will limit its movement when it comes into contact with an object like a table or a face.
At the end of the BHA lies the fourth and final segment, the gripper, which is powered by air chambers in the hand axis. The gripper uses three collapsible fin-shaped "fingers" in order to pick up and securely hold objects. The collapsible nature of the FinGripper - which also sounds like an underwater supervillan - means that very little pressure is required to pick up and hold an object, again helping to limit potential injury.
Currently, the BHA is being tested on production lines with gripper sizes ranging from "can pick up a grapefruit" to "let me get that hazelnut for you". The BHA has been nominated for a German Future Award and is a part of the Festo "Bionic Learning Network". Ideally, the company would like to see these used in places from production lines to hospitals, with a potential for future home use.
Frankly, they're scary as hell, but at least they're gentle. Apparently.
Source: PhysOrg
Douglas Bonderud
Technology and Gadgets Blogger


text:
This WP examines the impact of the pandemic on Antarctic researchers and decision-makers, drawing on results from a survey as well as relevant impacts-related literature.
- What are the impacts of COVID-19 on Antarctic researchers and anyone contributing to Antarctic research?
- How do the impacts vary according to demographic?
- What do researchers need? What strategies have been, or could be adopted, to meet those needs?
Ilan Kelman (Co-Lead)
Cristian Lorenzo (Co-Lead)
Jennifer Pickett (Co-Lead)
Yelena Yermakova (Co-Lead)
Won Sang Lee
Pedro Marques Quinteiro
Kelman, I. (2021). "Profiles of Norwegian Science: COVID-19 affecting Antarctic research". The Norwegian American, 18 June 2021.
Lorenzo, C., D. Liggett, B. Frame, A. Herbert, I. Kelman, J. Pickett, & Y. Yermakova (2020). "Antarctica and the COVID-19 pandemic. Taking a Social Sciences and Humanities perspective." Environment Coastal & Offshore (ECO).
Liggett, D. et al. "Antarctic research at a time of crisis: The impact of COVID-19 on the Antarctic research community." Abstract submitted to the 2021 New Zealand Antarctic Science Conference.
The results from the 2020 community survey can be accessed in the pdf Final Report (1.57 MB).


Quick Answer: What Colour Is Snake Poop?
What do snake feces look like?
Snakes will have a fur, teeth, nails, and bones in their feces.
It will be wet and soft.
Unlike a bird's droppings, snake poo will not have the look of a splatter.
Despite the significance of the white excrement, it can be very difficult to find and identify snake poo..
How often does a snake poop?
Poop consists of everything that couldn't, for whatever reason, be extracted. Rat snakes defecate approximately every two days; bush vipers defecate every 3-7 days. A good rule of thumb is that if a snake eats frequently, it will defecate frequently. If a snake eats infrequently, it will defecate infrequently.
Can you smell a snake?
The smells are often reminiscent of those of rotting animal carcasses. They generally depend on the specific variety of snake, however. Garter snakes (genus Thamnophis) emit odors that are overwhelmingly cloying. Rattlesnakes (genera Sistrurus and Crotalus) emit odors that are intensely musky and strong.
What snake smells like rotten eggs?
Snake musk can smell as bad as that of a skunk. Different snake species produce different smells. Most people describe snake musk as smelling like rotten eggs, or more generally, a really foul smell. The northern water snake, for example, is famed for having a particularly potent form of musk.
What color is a fart?
Originally Answered: Does a fart have a color? Yes. Smell can remind you of certain memories of other things. Some farts are definitely brown, while others are green, and few are yellow.
Can you smell a snake in your house?
Signs of Snakes in Your Home However, there are some signs you can look for around your house: … Slither tracks: If you're inspecting a dusty area or crawlspace, you might notice tracks that indicate where a snake has come by. Odor: A lot of snakes have a very distinctive smell.
Do snakes poop?
Snakes poop through their Cloaca, in less technical terms this is the bum, the poo. Since male and female snakes' sexual organs are internal, the poo and wee comes from the same area. As snakes digest their food whole, this takes much longer to breakdown with stomach acids. … And the uric acid which is the snake's urine.
What color is ball python poop?
A healthy ball python will produce feces that is light brown to black in color. If you are feeding rodents, you should expect to see some hair in the feces, since hair does not break down easily in the digestive tract.
Do snakes fart?
And Rabaiotti did find that fart answer for her brother: yes, snakes fart, too. Sonoran Coral Snakes that live across the Southwestern United States and Mexico use their farts as a defense mechanism, sucking air into their "butt" (it's actually called a cloaca) and then pushing it back out to keep predators away.
Why does snake poop smell so bad?
Some snakes have much smellier poop than others. A snake's poop can also smell worse than usual if it has a gut problem, such as an infection. Normally, you won't notice a smell until you open your snake's tank. You may also notice large whitish or yellowish lumps in your snake's enclosure.
Can snakes show love?
Snakes don't have the intellectual capacity to feel human emotions like love or affection. So no, they can't feel affection for you. They can, however, feel an affinity for you as a non-threatening creature that cares for it. … Snakes make amazing pets, even if they don't feel affection the same way humans do.
What animal Cannot fart?
How do snakes get pregnant?
A females cloaca is shallow. The first snake to successfully wrap his tail around the female and meet at the right point for intercourse to occur gets to mate. Male snakes have a pair of sex organs called hemipenis and these extend and release the sperm into the female snake.
How can you keep snakes away?
Home Remedies to Keep Snakes Away:Eliminate Food Supplies. Snakes are often found in areas where rodents are present as this is one of their primary food sources. … Eliminate Hiding Places. … Change Up Your Landscaping. … Use Natural Predators. … Smoke Them Out. … Utilize Natural Products.
Why does my snake keep pooping on me?
Some snakes do this to deter anyone from picking them up. My young Cal King for instance does the same thing (plus tail rattling). Just be mindful of when they last ate and keep handling them. If they poo on you then clean it up but don't put the snake back.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am doing an assignment using MPI to implement Game of Life. I was wondering if I should use a block-row partitioning, a cyclic row partitioning or a block-checkerboard partitioning?
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2 Answers
What are the pros and cons between the types of partitioning? I tried to find references to the partitionings (which seems to tie in with parallell processing) but it was difficult to find such without going way over my head into it. :)
Try the one that fits your needs the most, since it is an assignment you should try the simplest one first and do the others when time allows.
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However you do it, don't forget to make your partitions bigger on each side with some overlap.
This will mean duplicating some data, but it also means each partition can compute independently. At the end of each tick your partitions can copy their overlap to their neighbors.
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Your Answer


text:
Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 2001-14
2000 Digital Petroleum Atlas Annual Report
A goal of the Digital Petroleum Atlas (DPA) is to provide users flexible access to the original data and intermediate steps of the study. Results of field studies are fed immediately into the databases. The flexibility of the Web provides access to the data that went into the study at the same time as the results.
To support these technical goals, a design was created for the web site. Several models were drawn up, but the goals were very simple:
As the DPA was constructed, there were two obvious "paths" through the digital data. The user could move geographically through several scales of data:
At each geographic scale, the user would be presented with choices and answers.
As an alternative the DPA could be structured around topical areas. For the DPA the topical areas were broken into following categories:
Regional General Geology
Geophysics Reservoir Wells
For each field, basin and county, information was structured in terms of both geographic scale and topical area. These two general structural styles of information (pages based on geographical scale and pages based on topical area) result in a grid system. However, in practice this structure becomes rapidly unmanageable. While it would be nice to simultaneously compare the geologic maps of three or four fields (isopach or structure), it is not possible and not desirable to have links from each geology page to every other geology page. As a result, for the DPA we emphasized movement among geographic scales, and worked to maximize the visitors ability to move from County to Field to Well. Movement between topical areas is limited to within the selected geographic scale (e.g., figures 1, 2).
|Table of Contents||Previous Page||Figure 5||Next Page||Improved Database Management|


text: In this study, we developed a novel three-dimensional (3D) cancer cell chip using a three-floor hierarchical 3D pyramid structure (3D pyramid) to simulate 3D tumor cell growth in vitro and to detect anticancer drugs. The proposed 3D pyramid-based cancer cell chip offered substantial advantages for the agglomerate formation of tumor cells, in which cells could be maintained as tumor spheroids for up to 3 weeks. Soon after HeLa tumor cells adhered to the micropatterned pillar sidewalls, they were suspended between the pillars based on scanning electron microscopy images. Treatment with the anticancer drug oleanolic acid resulted in 46.33% and 5.86% apoptotic cells on the 2D plate and 3D pyramid-based cell chip, respectively, compared with only 0.06% apoptotic cells in the control. The increase in chemoresistance to anticancer drugs in the 3D pyramid-based cell chip might be a result of cell confluence and hypoxia due to the spheroid formation of tumor cells in the 3D pyramid structure. These results indicated that the proposed cell chip could potentially be used for anticancer drug screening or can be incorporated into other models aimed at prolonging various cell functions in culture.


Question: Does Red Hair Change After Birth?
Does red hair turn blonde in the sun?
"It really depends on your hair shade, age, genetics and whether you're in the sun or not (the sun can cause your red hair to fade)." "To really prevent fading, always cover your red hair in the sun and spray hair-SPF when you're outside.
How do you know if you carry the red hair gene?
The test will scan each parent's DNA for signs of the so-called MC1R gene that causes redheadedness. "Through a simple saliva test to determine deep ancestry, we can … … That means even if both parents carry the gene, just one in four of their children are likely to turn out to be a redhead.
Is Strawberry Blonde the rarest hair color?
Do redheads go gray?
Can baby hair change from red to blonde?
Or red hair can change to light blonde and then change to a darker blonde. Genes turning on and off over time is pretty common.
What age does babies hair change Colour?
From 9 months through age 2 1/2, the color trend lightened. After age 3, hair color became progressively darker until age 5. This just means that your baby's hair may change shades a few times after birth before settling on a more permanent color.
Can babies be born with red hair?
Two Red-Blends Have a 25% Chance That's because both parents carry the gene for pure red hair. There is also a 25% possibility for the child to be born without any red in his or her tresses since both parents carry a brown/blonde trait.
What race has red hair?
Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in one to two percent of the human population, appearing with greater frequency (two to six percent) among people of Northern or Northwestern European ancestry and lesser frequency in other populations.
How many generations can red hair skip?
We can trace red hair back two generations, but it skipped our parents and us. How does this happen? Traits like red hair or blue eyes that skip generations can be frustrating (especially if your mailman has red hair and/or blue eyes!). But it is perfectly natural.
Is red hair dominant over brown?
You only need one brown allele to have brown hair. It is a dominant trait. … Even if you don't have red hair, you can still pass on a red hair allele to your child! Since red hair is recessive, you could carry instructions for making red hair hidden in your DNA.
Who has stronger genes mother or father?
What are the chances my baby will have red hair?
What color does red hair turn with age?
Are redheads genetically strong?
One study shows that, contrary to popular belief, redheads are not weaker than blondes or brunettes. … Redheads are the only people with a variant of this gene. Basically, redheads feel pain an entirely different way than other people, and it's likely because their genetic makeup is fundamentally different.
What is the rarest shade of red hair?
Can gingers tan?
Ginger-haired people DO tan… they just react badly to the sun at the same time. If you're pale and ginger, here's the good news: your skin is potentially five times BETTER at tanning than olive-skinned sunbathers, according to scientists. … 'Something is stopping the cells from working in people with paler skin.
How rare is red hair and blue eyes?
And when you meet a red head with blue eyes, you are looking at the rarest colour combination of all for human beings. Around 17 per cent of people have blue eyes, and when combined with 1-2 per cent having red hair, the odds of having both traits are around 0.17 per cent.
Do redheads bleed more during labor?
Red‐haired individuals are known for their reputation of increased bleeding during surgical procedures and in women after childbirth [1].
Why are some babies born with red hair?
What color skin will my baby be?
Your baby's skin color However, most melanin production doesn't happen until after birth. The more melanin that's produced (a process that's regulated by genes), the darker your baby's skin. Babies of parents with dark skin may look noticeably lighter than their parents at birth and get darker over time.
Is red hair a sign of inbreeding?
Which parent determines eye color?
Do redheads have a higher pain tolerance?
We found that redheads were significantly more sensitive to cold pain perception, cold pain tolerance, and heat pain tolerance. Heat pain perception threshold was also lower, but not significantly so, in redheads.
Do redheads have more allergies?
Medical research is zeroing in on what makes redheads feel pain more acutely than the rest of us, why they're more susceptible to developing melanoma and why they have more drug allergies. And those are just the recent studies. It seems that every time the word "redhead" hits headlines, the news is bad.
What genes are inherited from mother only?


based macro system, low-level macro systems have also been proposed and implemented for Scheme. Syntax-case is one such system. Unlike syntax-rules, syntax-case contains both a pattern matching language and a low-level facility for writing macros. The former allows macros to be written declaratively, while the latter allows the implementation of alternative frontends for writing macros. The swap example from before is nearly identical in syntax-case because the pattern matching language is similar:
(define-syntax swap!
 (lambda (stx)
 (syntax-case stx ()
 ((_ a b)
 (let ((temp a))
 (set! a b)
 (set! b temp)))))))
However, syntax-case is more powerful than syntax-rules. For example, syntax-case macros can specify side-conditions on its pattern matching rules via arbitrary Scheme functions. Alternatively, a macro writer can choose not to use the pattern matching frontend and manipulate the syntax directly. Using the datum->syntax function, syntax-case macros can also intentionally capture identifiers, thus breaking hygiene. The R6RS Scheme standard adopted the syntax-case macro system.[8]
Syntactic closures and explicit renaming[9] are two other alternative macro systems. Both systems are lower-level than syntax-rules and leave the enforcement of hygiene to the macro writer. This differs from both syntax-rules and syntax-case, which automatically enforce hygiene by default. The swap examples from above are shown here using a syntactic closure and explicit renaming implementation respectively:
;; syntactic closures
(define-syntax swap!
 (lambda (form environment)
 (let ((a (close-syntax (cadr form) environment))
 (b (close-syntax (caddr form) environment)))
 '(let ((temp,a))
 (set!,a,b)
 (set!,b temp))))))
;; explicit renaming
(define-syntax swap!
 (lambda (form rename compare)
 (let ((a (cadr form))
 (b (caddr form))
 (temp (rename 'temp)))
 '(,(rename 'let) ((,temp,a))
 (,(rename'set!),a,b)
 (,(rename'set!),b,temp))))))
Languages with hygienic macro systems[edit]
 - Scheme - syntax-rules, syntax-case, syntactic closures, and others.
 - Racket - an offshoot of Scheme. Its macro system was originally based on syntax-case, but now has more features.
 - Nemerle[10]
 - Dylan
 - Elixir[11]
 - Nim
 - Rust
 - Mary2 - scoped macro bodies in an Algol68-derivitive language circa 1978
 - Julia[12]
 - Perl 6 - supports both hygienic and unhygienic macros[13]
See also[edit]
 1. ^ a b Richard Kelsey; William Clinger; Jonathan Rees; et al. (August 1998). "Revised5 Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme". Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation 11 (1): 7–105. doi:10.1023/A:1010051815785.
 2. ^ Feinberg, N.; Keene, S. E.; Matthews, R. O.; Withington, P. T. (1997), Dylan programming: an object-oriented and dynamic language, Addison Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc.
 3. ^ a b Kohlbecker, E.; Friedman, D. P.; Felleisen, M.; Duba, B. (1986). "Hygienic Macro Expansion" (PDF). ACM conference on LISP and functional programming.
 4. ^ _URL_
 5. ^ Kohlbecker, E; Wand, M (1987). "Macro-by-example: Deriving syntactic transformations from their specifications". Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages.
 6. ^ Bawden, A; Rees, J (1988). "Syntactic closures". Lisp and Functional Programming.
 7. ^ Dybvig, K; Hieb, R; Bruggerman, C (1993). "Syntactic abstraction in Scheme" (PDF). Lisp and Symbolic Computation.
 8. ^ Sperber, Michael; Dybvig, R. Kent; Flatt, Matthew; Van Straaten, Anton; et al. (August 2007). "Revised6 Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme (R6RS)". Scheme Steering Committee. Retrieved 2011-09-13.
 9. ^ Clinger, Will (1991). "Hygienic macros through explicit renaming". ACM SIGPLAN Lisp Pointers.
 10. ^ Skalski, K.; Moskal, M; Olszta, P, Metaprogramming in Nemerle (PDF)
 11. ^ _URL_ section 2.2 Macros hygiene.
 12. ^ _URL_
 13. ^ _URL_


text:
Beans are an all-time favorite, and the majority among us take delight in cooking them. There are hundreds of beans variety and that many recipes. However, there are common procedures involved in cooking the beans, such as soaking, heating e.t.c. People might think soaking the beans unnecessary. But there is critical logic behind this method.
In this article, we will delineate why beans soaking water should be discarded? What are the health impacts of the usage of bean soaking water? And how can we utilize bean's water in an effective way? These are the areas of the article which we will discuss.
Why Discard Bean That Are Soaking Water?
Why Should We Throw Away Beans Soaking Water?
There is undeniable evidence present that soaking beans is an effective method to cook the beans. It helps beans in rehydration and provides aid in cooking. Without soaking the beans, you will require a maximum amount of time because water makes them soft and easy to cook. However, we suggest you should not use the water of beans because it carries all the dirt and adulterations.
A profound study suggests that beans carry a certain kind of sugar, due to which people face the gas problem (Farting). You know how big the gas problem is, especially when you are in the office or with your family and friends. Therefore, you should discard the soaking water from beans and add clean water during cooking.
What Are The Bad Health Impacts Of Consuming Beans Soaking Water?
If you are not consuming beans soaking water then, it is more than acceptable. But if you are cooking beans in soaking water and consuming it, you might face some health issues. The primary consequence is the gas problem which we have mentioned above. But the second repercussion of the consumption of beans water is the digesting problem.
Yes, water reduces sugar and enhances nutritional availability. Using the bean's soaking water will lead you towards constipation due to indigestion of the beans in the stomach. Therefore, discard the bean soaking water because it has acquired the sugar and other elements present in the beans. And if you use the same water, it will concentrate your meal with these elements.
Can I Use Bean Soaking Water For Other Purposes?
Of course, you can use beans soaking water for many alternative purposes, but we suggest using the water in the plants. The reason behind using water in plants is because the beans soaking water contains sugar and other pro plant minerals. Therefore, by doing this method, you can discard the beans soaking water, and it will be helpful in plant growth.
In a nutshell, we have explained all the necessary reasons behind discarding beans soaking water. Besides, we have developed your knowledge about why bean soaking water is not suitable for normal human consumption. And in the last, we have given you the right way to through away soaking water. We will be overwhelmed if you write to us in the comment section, and we will answer your queries in the forum in a short interval of time.


text:
Planners have an important role to play in helping communities meet energy needs, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and adapt to a changing climate. While most planners recognize the significance of these issues, they are still working to translate these imperatives into on-the-ground plans, actions, and regulations.
Planning for a New Energy and Climate Future, the culmination of a three-year research and education project on the integration of climate change and energy issues into planning practice, was prepared by APA in collaboration with the Environmental and Energy Study Institute (EESI), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the University of North Carolina Asheville.
The report presents fundamental information about energy and climate change, provides a framework for how to integrate energy and climate into the planning process, and offers strategies for communities to address energy and climate across a variety of issues, including development patterns, transportation, and economic development. Case studies illustrate communities that have already begun taking steps in these areas.
Places & Place Making,
Careers & Planning Profession,
Land & Environment Issues,


text:
"CIP
2010"). The CIP has also been adopted by Statistics Canada as its standard disciplinary
For the purposes of the Humanities Indicators the CIP has several advantages over
the NSF classification system. For example, because the NSF system groups degrees
in the nonsectarian study of religion with those awarded in programs designed to
prepare students for religious vocations and because the latter type of degree is
much more common, the HI cannot include what the NSF considers to be degrees in
religion in the humanities degree counts for years prior to 1987. With CIP-coded
data, however, academic disciplines such as comparative religion can be separated
from vocational programs such as theology and thus can be included in the humanities
degree tally. Additionally, when using CIP-coded data, the HI can include degrees
in all the excluded disciplines mentioned above, from art history to Holocaust studies,
in its counts of humanities degrees from 1987 onward. For an inventory of the NSF
and CIP disciplinary categories included by the HI under the broad academic field
headings ("humanities," "natural sciences," etc.) used throughout Part II of the
HI, see the
NSF and CIP Discipline Code Catalog. This catalog also indicates which degree
programs the HI includes within specific humanities disciplines (e.g., for the purposes
of the HI, English degrees include those classified under CIP as being in "English
Language and Literature," "American Literature," and "Creative Writing," among others).
In constructing indicators that use IPEDS data to track historical trends in the
academic humanities, the HI has employed completion data that were classified using
both the NSF and CIP systems. In these cases, either a note accompanying the chart
or a break in the trend line indicates where estimates based on the NSF classification
system leave off and those based on CIP begin. For those indicators reporting degree
data gathered in 1987 or more recently (1995 or more recently for the charts and
tables describing the proportions of all degrees received by members of racial/ethnic
minority groups), CIP-coded data are used.
In the case of several of the degree-related indicators, the humanities are compared
to certain other fields such as the sciences and engineering. The nature of these
fields is specified in the
Statement on the Scope of the "Humanities" for Purposes of the Humanities Indicators.
These broad fields do not encompass all postsecondary programs. Therefore, where
fields are being compared in terms of their respective shares of all degrees, the
percentages will not add up to 100%. Also, none of the graphs showing change over
time in the share of degrees awarded to members of traditionally underrepresented
ethnic/minority groups includes a data point for the academic year 1999, because
the NCES did not release data for that year.
The degree counts presented as part of the HI do not include "second majors" because
NCES began collecting data about these degrees only in 2001. The HI deals separately
with the issue of second majors in
Figure II-1c ("Humanities
Bachelor's Degrees Earned as 'Second Majors,' 2001–2010").
Data on the number of students completing minors are not collected as part of IPEDS,
but such information was compiled for selected humanities disciplines as part of
the American Academy of Arts and Sciences–sponsored Humanities Departmental Survey
(HDS; see the HDS final report, page 8, Table 12).
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What is the cost of owning a cat? Information for beginners
Cats make amazing pets for everyone, but what is the cost of owning a cat? By recognizing it, many pet owners can offer their cats the best possible care.
How much does it cost to have a cat?
Having a cat at home is one of the most rewarding experiences for every household. But the cost of owning a cat should be an important thing to consider. It's highly variable as it comes to cat ownership. The cost matters a lot because it affects straight the quality and kind of pet care that your cat might receive. For some people, their love for cats is the biggest concern instead of the cost.
However, knowing that cats costing a great deal would help all cat owners find the best plan to get well-prepared. That helps them offer the essential care for their pets.
==> Can cats see ghosts? Let's find out this mysterious question.
==> How To Give Cool Cat Names To Your Pets?
What is the cost of owning a cat?
The average cost of owning a cat is around $809 per year. Since every cat can live from 9 to 15 years. As a result, you will need to spend a lifetime cost of $7,646 to $12,500. In reality, a few cat breeds probably end up costing you about $33.408! Bear in mind that most feline buddies tend to live for 18 years. Therefore, before getting a cat, it's best to consider the costs of raising them for that period.
cost of owning a cat
For details, we'd like to list out the average expenses of owning a cat:
Cost of buying a cat
If you intend to buy a domestic cat from a well-known breeder or a reliable rescue home, it would be from $70 to $208. You could spend more than that, with the price of over $1392 on Maine Coon, Russian Blue, and Norwegian Forest cats. Besides, several families are finding their beloved furry friends on the streets. And guess what? Both adoption cost and vaccination cost possibly go up.
For older cats, the cost of cat adoption would be as low as $50 only. Besides, it depends on where you adopt the animal from. What if you've just adopted from a shelter? Then go to save as much as $200, following the claim of a doctor of vet medicine in Manhattan, Kansas. In case you're a vet, then it's possible for you earn a discount on adoption fees.
Cost of caring for a cat
Now it comes to how much do your cats cost to take care of? It depends on. So one of the best ways to save more on vet costs would be to maintain your cat as healthy as possible in the first place. What's else? Never think of skipping any vet visit and always get updated with vaccines. As you know, every emergency clinic service is quite expensive, so make frequent visits to the vet center would keep them strong.
Along with that, all cat owners can check pet insurance. Doing that will help them set aside for unwanted illnesses for that long. Those plans cost around $10 – $40 and will cover different needs. In short, the cost of a cat's healthcare varies from one pet to another. It bases on some particular elements, such as genetic predispositions, breed, and whether your cat is an indoor or outdoor one.
Cost of feeding a cat
=> Keeping Track Your Budget With The Best Cheap Cat Food
cost of owning a cat
Your cat needs its food to gain all the essential nutrients they require. Thus, costs vary remarkably by brand, the size of the cat, and its lifestyle. A cat adult needs to consume 2 pouches of wet food and 20 g of dry food every day.
Note that feeding a cat usually costs you less than feeding a dog. But the food bill remains a crucial part not to be missed here. Each year, you can expect to spend from $140 to $278 based on what type of cat food you're purchasing. Only decent food for cats is good for the pet's health though it might cost more than expected. Also, ensure to check the ingredients to ensure you're owning a higher content of meat.
In case you don't know, it's best to control the cost of preparing cat raw food. To do that, make sure to get from reliable or well-known suppliers. You can easily save some dollars at the supermarkets when doing so. Let's get raw meat in bulk, and don't forget to use more discount offers if possible. Go for affordable cuts of meat.
Cost of cat toys and bed
=> Best Cheap Cat Beds in 2021: Reviews and Buying Guide
There are so many extra costs as it comes to owning a cat. Not only does your cat need the essential things, like a bed, there are also more important things like litter trays. And it might cost you around $278 per year to cover those expenses. Must-have items you cannot ignore to keep a healthy lifestyle for your cat are scratching posts. Well, it still depends on you and your cat.
However, to help maintain your furniture from getting damaged or scratched up, getting them toys is a great idea. Some people would spend $25 only a year on cat toys, and they also have the feather toy. Instead of it, let your cat enjoy its great time with an empty box or an empty bag. For its more fun, how about chasing your feline friend around the house?
cost of owning a cat
Cost of cat insurance
It's the same as when you need health insurance, your kitty also needs health insurance. Most pet insurance costs vary depending on the cat breed and the insurer. A cat owner is likely to spend $252 per year. Like I said, to keep the costs down, let's keep your cat as healthy as you can right from the day of its birth or adoption.
Premium tends to increase much once the pet turns 6 or 7. Next, you probably struggle to get insurance as they turn to 8 or 9. We recommend you to earn a one-year policy in the early times. Before choosing any policy, consider the maximum payout every year and the reimbursement rate.
Cost of cat vaccinations
As a cat owner, you might like to keep your pet vaccinated to fight against rabies and other respiratory illnesses. It costs about $80 on vaccinations for kitties in their early years. Afterwards, the costs decreases to $50 per year to keep a healthy cat for you. Try to search more information on the internet for low-cost health clinics that offer pet vaccinations.
If you're adopting it, the adoption center would inform you about these clinics. To help protect your kittens, they need two sets of vaccinations for startup. At nine weeks old, your pet must have the first set while the second set should get done at their three months old. Those sets help them enhance the immune system.
Cost of cat grooming
cost of owning a cat
=> Shrinking From Cat Shedding Hair With The Best Cat Self Groomers
Every domestic cat needs frequent brushing to prevent mats from sticking to its coat. Grooming criteria would depend on the breed of your cat, and its coat. The average cost of cat grooming is around $50 with pet owners who have to spend from $30 to $70. A few other facilities might charge you for a package while others provide you with a basic bath only.
Keep in mind that frequent grooming will help lower cat hair allergens in the house, so make it easier for your cat to groom by itself. Once cats do it themselves, their tongues can draw fur in. Long-haired cats need more grooming, and pet owners always want to take them to get groomed professionally. The longer your cat's hair, the more difficult the task of grooming and the higher the price.
Cost of getting a cat neutered
For those who encounter a box of kitties, or let a stray cat enter your house, then you're responsible for getting it neutered and vaccinated. Such a surgery costs $300 in a total. There's another option for you to take your kitten to a lower-cost clinic. This gets run by nonprofits and every surgery gets carried out by licensed vets.
The cost of neutering increases up if you want your vet to microchip the pet in the surgery. Your vet can insert a little microchip under the skin of your cat. When your cat is lost, this microchip can get scanned, and then your pet is claimed to get back to you. The cost of inserting this chip is around $14, and this cost might vary.
Final words
In general, you probably get the answer to the question "what is the cost of owning a cat?". The average cost of a cat varies based on the breed of cat, age, and your lifestyle. For the basics, it costs in a minimum of $405 for the initial year, and about $340 for every year after. By knowing these costs, you and other pet owners no longer get surprised at how much it costs to have a cat per year.
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Monasteries of San Millán de la Cogolla
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UNESCO World Heritage Site
San Millán Yuso and Suso Monasteries
Name as inscribed on the World Heritage List
San Millán de Suso
Type Cultural
Criteria ii, iv, vi
Reference 805
UNESCO region Europe and North America
Inscription history
Inscription 1997 (21st Session)
The monasteries of San Millán de Suso (6th century) and San Millán de Yuso (11th century) are two monasteries situated in the village of San Millán de la Cogolla, La Rioja, Spain. They have been designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO since December 1997.[1]
The two monasteries' names Suso and Yuso mean the "upper" and the "lower" in archaic Castilian, respectively. Suso is the older building and is believed to be built on the site of a hermitage where Saint Emilian (Spanish: San Millán) lived. Perhaps Suso's major claim to fame is as the place where phrases in the Spanish and Basque languages were written for the first time.[2] UNESCO acknowledges the property "as the birthplace of the modern written and spoken Spanish language".[1] The phrases in Spanish and Basque are glosses on a Latin text and are known as the Glosas Emilianenses. There is some debate as to whether the Spanish words are written in an early form of Castilian or in a related dialect. In either case, San Millán's importance as a cradle of the Spanish language is reinforced by the proximity of the village of Berceo which is associated with Gonzalo de Berceo, the first Spanish poet known by name.
There is a continuous history of Christianity at San Millán since the time of the saint. The scriptorium remained active during the period of Muslim rule; and over the centuries, the religious community has overcome various vicissitudes which affected the monasteries (for example being sacked by the Black Prince). However the type of monastic life evolved: the original monks living at Suso were hermits, but Yuso, the refoundation of the monastery on a lower site, developed as a Benedictine community. As the UNESCO evaluation noted, San Millán shows the transformation from an eremetic to a cenobitic community in material terms.[3]
Suso monastery has been uninhabited since the Ecclesiastical Confiscations of Mendizábal in the nineteenth century. Yuso monastery was also abandoned for some years in the nineteenth century, but was reoccupied. It houses an Augustinian community, but part of the monastery has been converted into a hotel. Today San Millán attracts pilgrims on the Way of St James (even though it lies somewhat off the line of the official route between Nájera and Burgos).[4][5]
Processional cloister. Yuso Monastery.
Mozarabic arches in the Suso Monastery.
 1. ^ a b "San Millán Yuso and Suso Monasteries". UNESCO. 1997. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
 2. ^ The codex in question was subsequently preserved in the monastery library at Yuso before being moved to its current location in Madrid. See Glosas Emilianenses.
 3. ^ Entry on the World Heritage website.
 4. ^ route map
 5. ^ (Spanish) Cervantes Centre
Coordinates: 42°20′N 2°52′E / 42.333°N 2.867°E / 42.333; 2.867