text:
Trees are amazing organisms. They are tall, massive, mighty and upright. But trees can be really really unusual. From deadly trees that throw exploding fruits, to those with rainbow branches and trunks, here are some of the strangest trees which will change the way you looked at these beautiful creatures.
Animals have always accompanied men at war. They have carried our soldiers and pulled our cannons. If you think that's all, then check out these stories of some of the craziest uses of animals in war.
This is one of the worst examples of war brutality. Anti tank dogs were first developed by the Soviet Union to take down German tanks during World War II. The idea was simple yet effective. Dogs were trained to find food under tanks and then starved before a battle. The dogs were then released in battle, jumping under tanks hoping for food. Each dog carried a 10-12 kg bomb which had a lever that detonated the bomb when the dog dived under the tank.
Anti tank Dogs
Socotra is a collection of 4 islands cut away from the rest of the world about 6 million years ago. It is one of the most isolated places on earth. Socotra's long isolation and fierce climate has given birth to a unique variety of endemic flora, giving Socotra the distinction of being 'the most alien looking place on earth'.


CAPP for Advisors
CAPP is the degree evaluation system used by all students with a catalog year prior to Fall 2012.
Monitor your progress as a student and see if you are fulfilling the requirements of your academic program
The online degree evaluation is not available to students of catalog years earlier than Fall 2001.
 1. Login to Patriot Web
 2. Select Faculty and Advisor Services
 3. Select Degree Evaluation and Advisee Listing
 4. Select Degree Evaluation Menu
 5. Select CAPP
 6. Select a term and click Submit
 7. Click Generate New Evaluation
 8. Select the academic program
 9. Click Generate Request
 10. Select Detail Requirements
 11. Click Submit
Double Major Students
If you have declared a double major, you must run a "what-if" degree evaluation for each program.
"What-If" Analysis Directions:
 1. Follow steps #1 – #6 above
 2. Instead of selecting Generate New Evaluation, select What-If Analysis
 3. Select the student's catalog year from the drop down menu and click Continue
 4. Select student's major from Program
 5. Click Add More to add a concentration or minor
 6. Click Submit
 7. Click Generate Request
 8. Select Detail Requirements
 9. Click Submit


Tip of the week # 539
7 April 2018
Jump to a specific date in Google Calendar *
Do any of you use Google Calendar? Perhaps not for work, but privately? It's a free, intuitive online calendar developed by Google that you can easily access from your phone, tablet or computer. If you want, you can even share it with family or friends.
Like with Outlook there are various ways to display a specific date in Google Calendar. If you want to jump to a specific date there is a great shortcut.
Here's how:
 1. Open Google Calendar on your computer.
 2. Press G. (Easy to remember if you think of Go To.)
 3. Type the date you want to jump to. For example, 1/5. (No need to type the leading zeros or year.)
 4. Press ENTER or click GO.
To redisplay today's date click on the TODAY button or simply press G and type today.
Oh, and how about the following three shortcuts:
 1. D: show the daily view
 2. W: show the entire week
 3. M: show the month
Related tip:
Tip # 485: Jump to a specific date in your Outlook calendar ( tip_485.php )


text:
It is well known that there are curious analogies between convex geometry and information theory. In particular, inequalities about entropy of random variables correspond to Brunn—Minkowski type inequalities about volumes of convex bodies.
In this talk we will discuss displacement concavity of entropy-like functionals, i.e. concavity with respect to geodesics in Wasserstein space. We will mention known results which are analogous to (and even imply) the standard Brunn—Minkowski inequality and Borell's theorem on log-concave measures. We will then explain how such inequalities can improve when the involved measures are centrally symmetric, and present a new inequality which corresponds to the newly discovered dimensional Gaussian Brunn—Minkowski inequality.
Based on joint work with Gautam Aishwarya

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
DAY is the Domestic abuse Awareness for Youth programme.
It is a unique multimedia programme that uses short films, advertisements and chart
music to raise awareness and provide education about domestic abuse, in a relevant
and exciting way.
It challenges detrimental mindsets about domestic abuse, explores how beliefs inform behaviour, and looks at the role of the media in reinforcing unhealthy beliefs.
It is based on the Freedom Programme for women and is designed to be used with young people over the age of 14, although can be adapted for use with young people over 11 years.
DAY is very versatile and can be run in most settings with young people including:
- State Secondary/High Schools
- Private Schools
- Youth Offending Groups
- Pupil Referral Units
- Youth Groups
DAY was created by Be Free to meet the growing need to provide domestic abuse education and awareness for young people. DAY cannot be run without DAY training.
The DAY pack required to run DAY includes:
- Audio CD
- Data CD
- Session Plans
- Question and Answer Sheets
- Setting Up DAY Pack
- Session Leader Reflective Evaluations
- A ready made evaluation and report procedure, including pre and post programme questions and an Excel spreadsheet that calculates percentages and charts and makes reporting the benefit of the programme simple and easy

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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When a fire burns, ashes fall to the ground (form) and smoke ascends to the sky (emptiness). Firesmoke examines the relationship between form and emptiness and questions how fire can arise from both life and death. Firesmoke also explores the restorative power of the feminine principle, the alchemy of nature and the impermanence of life.
Each poem in Firesmoke is an offering to the four elements: earth, water, fire and air. They mimic the breath and death of a sacred fire, from its inception to its annihilation. The more structured poems & ghazals act as the kindling taken from the forest floor. As the kindling begins to burn and transform into smoke, the poems become less and less structured (free verse).


text:
Salem witch trials essay examples 194 total results a literary analysis of a major theme in the crucible by arthur miller 1,268 words 3 pages. The witch hunts were an example of medieval cruelty and others held comparatively few trials brian a ten common errors and myths about the witch hunts. Web resources salem witchcraft trials includes primary sources--documents and images--relating to the trials of 1692 and an informative introductory essay that recounts events in salem at. History other essays: roman catholicism how witchcraft became gendered and the misogyny that ensued way for witch trials and even set out. What is sexism feminist theorists defined sexism and fought against it feminist philosophy: two definitions and some examples what is radical feminism. Essays on the salem witch trials - get started with essay writing and conclusion amor propio essay sample from american history of misogyny in his. The salem witchcraft trials in massachusetts during 1692 resulted in nineteen innocent men and women being hanged, one man pressed to death, and in the deaths.
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Bharat Online
Bharat Online
Chandigarh TourismChandigarh TourismChandigarh TravelChandigarh City India
Chandigarh Tourism
The people of Chandigarh are extremely vivacious and fun-loving in nature. Let us explore the lifestyle of the people of the city, in detail.
People of Chandigarh
People of ChandigarhChandigarh is inhabited by people of varied races and classes. Most of its inhabitants trace an Indo-Aryan ethnic origin. There is lots of diversity among the different castes residing in Chandigarh. Say, even when a Jat and Khatri are next-door neighbors, some of their cultural traits vary a lot. These diversities add beauty and color to the cultural heritage of the city. Due to the diversity in the castes and culture of the people of Chandigarh, exploring the nooks and corners of the place can be a lot of fun for travelers. To know more about the people of Chandigarh, go through the following lines.
Among the various castes that are present in Chandigarh, the most dominant ones include Jats, Khatris, Aroras, Brahmans, Vaishas, Lohar, Gujjar, Tarkhan and Sansins. People belonging to other castes also live in the place, though in minority. These include the Awans, Arians, Kalals, Ahluwalias, Labans, Nais, Sainis, Kambohs and Soods, apart from Banias, Bhatias, Brahmins and Chhimbas. Some of these castes have Arabian, Persian and Turkish heritage as well.
Sikh Jat is the biggest community settled in Chandigarh. The people belonging to this caste are expert in agriculture and contribute significantly towards the regional agricultural output. They are characterized by a well-built appearance. A strong will power and the determination to earn a better living are some of their positives. The Khatris and Aroras are next largest in number, who are more into trade than agriculture. Among the minor agricultural castes, Sainis and Kambohs are the most prominent ones. The minority castes are occupied in agricultural operations as well as local trading operations.
People in Chandigarh are accustomed to a leisurely lifestyle, which sets them apart from the residents of other major cities in India. However, with the passing time, they are adopting themselves to a fast paced lifestyle. People in the city are very friendly and warm. Even when they live a very busy life, they try make it a point to dedicate some of their time to their loved ones and go for outing, especially during weekends, to some of the major attractions of the city.
Over the passing years, the city has become a trendsetter in fashion. Youth studying in different colleges of the city hang out with their friends, flaunting their chick clothing. People here easily embrace the drastic change in the fashion trends. Unlike the major metropolitans, where the life literally starts after 10 pm, Chandigarh goes off to sleep early. The celebrations of most of the occasions generally do not extend beyond 10 pm. Nonetheless, you can still find a decent amount of people partying in pubs and discs.
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text:
CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN BODY IMAGE: THE PERSPECTIVES OF EUROPEAN AMERICAN, AFRICAN AMERICAN AND ASIAN AMERICAN COLLEGE WOMEN
Cultural Differences in Body Image: The Perspectives of European American, African American and Asian American College Women is a single university case study, conducted at a large Midwestern public university. The sample population consisted of European American, African American and Asian American women between the ages of 18 and 25 and who have lived in the U.S. for at least the past 10 years. The sampling was based on comparable case selection in which the three ethnic groups were compared on their body image and levels of body satisfaction. The quantitative portion of this study consisted of administering the Young Women's Experiences with Body Weight and Shape assessment, created in 1997 by M.E. Delaney et al. There were a total of 450 women surveyed (278 European American, 148 African American and 24 Asian American). The qualitative portion of this study consisted of 3 semi-structured focus groups; 1 European American, 1 African American and 1 Asian American. A total of 28 women participated in the focus groups. The purpose of this study was to obtain information from college-age women representing three different ethnicities with regard to their body image, body shape, appearance and related factors. The findings from this study will provide the health education profession with valuable data and information on body image from a cultural perspective. In addition, body image prevention/intervention programming that addresses women based on their ethnic background can be developed using the information and data from this study. A One-Way ANOVA and Tukey Post Hoc test were conducted to identify differences between the three groups on the assessment. Patterns and themes were coded and analyzed for the information obtained during the focus groups. Results from the assessment and the focus groups, literature findings, feminism and cultural studies theory were triangulated and conclusions drawn. African American women expressed the greatest level of body satisfaction on the 5 subscales of the assessment and these findings were supported by the information provided from the 3 focus groups.
School:University of Cincinnati
School Location:USA - Ohio
Source Type:Master's Thesis
Keywords:body image cultural differences feminism studies
Date of Publication:01/01/2003


text:
Coaching in Business English – Workout
Robert Harris is a Certified Professional Trainer with nineteen years' experience coaching and training non-native English speakers. He has spent most of his professional life outside his native UK, gaining insight into and learning to work effectively in culturally diverse...
Top performing athletes exercise/ workout to prepare for a major sporting event or to maintain a satisfactory level of fitness, likewise, you as a senior executive could greatly benefit from "workouts" to exercise your Business English and as a result ensure that you are equally:
- confident when speaking English as you are in your own language
If you feel at a disadvantage when speaking in a language other than your own, be assured you're not the only one. It is a sentiment shared by many people and in many ways an entirely natural one. One way of overcoming this disadvantage is through coaching. Coaching encourages experimentation, "to try things out" before the real event and this together with input and guidance from an experienced coach can lead to a significant improvement in performance.
Our experience has shown that flexibility as to what is worked on in the sessions is a prerequisite for a successful collaboration. The session agenda is often set by the client who might want to prepare for something coming up in the near future for example:
- A presentation to Head Office or business partner
- A visit to an exhibition in Frankfurt
- A meeting with a foreign supplier, customer or colleague
- A difficult phone call or web conference
Workout is for professionals who want to:
- exercise their spoken English in order to overcome communication difficulties
- improve their capability to do business in English
- improve their relationships with their international business partners and English speaking colleagues
- feel comfortable expressing themselves in various business situations
Intermediate and above
By the end of the course participants will have improved:
- oral fluency in business situations
- their range of business vocabulary
- their level of confidence in doing business in English
Course outline typically includes:
- Cultural differences – the understanding of which will lead to better relationships with your international partners and colleagues.
- Presentations – Practice one of your own with your coach
- Change Management – In international environments
- Nonverbal negotiation skills – some researchers claim that 90% of face-to-face communication is nonverbal.
- Grammar – Conditionals don't usually inspire enthusiasm but their correct use in negotiations will.
- Small talk – additional benefits.
- Active listening – we don't want to miss something important.
- Understanding your negotiation partners – what to do when the other person's English is better than yours.
- Meetings – support your position with confidence
- Interpersonal skills – Added value
The Communicative Approach to Business English
Most students say during the interview phase of the needs analysis that they find speaking English the most challenging.
The primary goal of most Business English learners is to be able to speak and convey the message they want without misunderstanding (a misunderstanding can be embarrassing as well as costly). For this reason the majority of learners prefer to focus on improving their speaking skills, as especially when communicating with non-native speakers, getting the message across is more important than strict adherence to grammatical accuracy.
Another very good reason the focus is on spoken English is that when we're "talking business' in English there is no time to ask for help from our colleagues or friends, unlike written communication where
- the assistance of a colleague can be requested
- the enormous resources on the internet can be accessed
The Communicative Approach to Business English focuses on:
- Speaking and Listening
- Enhancing confidence
- Increasing oral fluency and range of vocabulary
- Communicating the message


Invest in real estate on your own terms with secured or unsecured mortgage notes
If you don't want to be burdened with maintenance costs or rental vacancies, you can invest in mortgage notes in your self-directed IRA. You can also be a real estate lender with your IRA funds and help others purchase new properties. You set the terms of the loan, including time frames and interest rates. The payments will go to your retirement account.
There are two types of notes:
 1. Secured notes, deeds of trust, and mortgage notes are basically the same thing, depending on the state that you reside in.
 2. Unsecured notes are not backed by collateral and thus often pose a higher risk than a secured note. Because of this increased risk, unsecured notes are generally structured at a higher interest rate.
What are Secured Notes?
A Real Estate Note is secured by real property. The documents required by a self-directed IRA administrator for notes secured by real estate vary by the type of note you are requesting:
 - If you are issuing a new note or seller carry back note, simply submit a copy of the original note, deed of trust or mortgage, and a copy of the lender's title report.
 - If you are buying an existing note, you will need to submit a copy of the original note, recorded deed of trust or mortgage, title policy, deed of trust or mortgage assignment, note endorsement, and note purchase agreement, if applicable.
 - If a borrower cannot pay the balance on a note, the property can be sold to satisfy the debt.
What are Deeds of Trust?
Trust deeds, deeds of trust, and mortgage notes are basically the same thing, depending on the state that you reside in. In a trust deed, the investor loans money to a borrower using real estate as collateral. The loan is secured with a Trust Deed, which is recorded in county land records against the collateral. The terms of the loan are detailed in the Promissory Note.
You will want to define the type of real estate you feel comfortable lending against. Working with a local real estate broker who specializes in trust deed investments is a good start. Perform your due diligence by asking for references, requesting a schedule of loans that have funded, and confirm the status of the broker's license.
It is advisable to order a third-party appraisal or valuation of the property you intend to invest in. You will want to verify that the value of the collateral is sufficient to return the principal on your loan. Additionally, obtain a Title Policy from a reputable title insurer that insures your trust deed on the property. Lastly, verify that the borrower has property insurance on the property and request verification that it names you as a "Mortgagee." Seek legal and financial advice from trusted representatives.
What are Unsecured Secured Notes (Promissory Notes)?
A promissory note is a legal agreement between a buyer and a lender. The note contains the promise to repay a loan, along with the terms for the repayment. The note is not recorded in county land records. The lender holds the promissory note. When the note is paid off, the note is marked paid in full and returned to the borrower.
How do I invest with Mortgage Notes?
Sellers looking to offer financing to potential buyers can have a real estate note created for the transaction. It is important to have your note drawn up by a real estate attorney and that you understand the terms of the note:
1. Open and fund your self-directed IRA.
2. Find an individual or entity interested in borrowing money from your IRA. The loan must be secured by real estate.
3. Complete and submit a Real Estate Note Buy Direction Letter to your self-directed IRA administrator to request funds. You must include supporting documents. The documents required are based on the type of note (Secured Note):
 1. Issuing new note or seller carry back note.
 2. Buying an existing note.
If you are partnering your IRA with personal funds, both you and your IRA are the lenders. In this case, you need to add the percentages of ownership interest to title.
For example, The Trust Group, Inc. FBO John Smith Account #12345, [Percentage of ownership] % undivided interest.
4. When you have submitted the required documents, your self-directed IRA administrator will process the investment and remit funds to the borrower or to the entity responsible for closing the transaction. Normal processing takes approximately three business days with funding happening on the fourth business day, unless corrections are required. A special handling fee applies to expedited processing requests.
5. Assignment of Deed of Trust: The Deed of Trust or mortgage is owned by your self-directed IRA.
6. Send all documents related to the promissory notes to your self-directed IRA administrator for record keeping. They must receive all documents signed by all parties for IRS audit purposes.
Your self-directed IRA administrator must sign investment documents on behalf of your IRA. You will note "read and approved" with your signature and date each page of the investment documents. If the borrower is an entity, they must see the entity formation documents to verify that the transaction is not prohibited under IRC 4975.
After the investment is completed, all payments made according to the terms of the note must be submitted to your self-directed IRA administrator using a Deposit Coupon form.
For specific account questions, please contact self-directed IRA administrator.
Disclaimer: Before you invest in this business sector using your IRA, it is best to consult with your investment, legal and tax advisor. DREI,LLC does not endorse or recommend any of these investments. Proper due diligence by you the IRA holder is recommended before entering into any transaction.
© 2010 by Davis Real Estate Investments, DREI LLC


text:
by Helen Leong
A life of hard work as a gardener in San Francisco leads Leong Quong to become a prize-winning flower grower in Milpitas, California.
Leong Quong was born on March 12, 1897 in China. He was the fourth child and one of seven brothers. They all lived in a small village called Dow Moon, Ha Jow region of China. He was considered well educated in those days. He learned to read and write in (Cantonese) Chinese. He was a very good student and told he would become a successful person.
Photo of Leong Quong provided by Helen Leong
Place of Origin
Place of Settlement


text:
- spume •
Pronunciation: spyum • Hear it!
Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning: Froth or foam from a liquid, especially sea foam.
Notes: Today's Good Word allows us to distinguish sea foam from other types, since "sea foam" is its default meaning. This word may be used as a verb, as the volcano spumed forth a froth of fire. It comes with two adjectives, the Latinate spumous and the Germanic spumy, both meaning "showing or having foam". There is also a French adjective, spumescent, which we have already explored.
In Play: Today's Good Word offers us the opportunity of avoiding the cliché "foaming at the mouth": "The senator loudly pontificated at his audience, arms flailing about and bits of spume forming at the corners of his mouth." As the previous example indicated, the verbal applications of today's word are not limited to froth in the literal sense, as is the noun: "When Lana Jorgia saw the smoke spuming out of the oven door, she knew she'd left the roast in too long."
Word History: Today's Good Word comes from a PIE root with a Fickle S, an initial S that is sometimes there and sometimes not. In Latin it was spuma "foam" and in Lithuanian it became spaine "mousse". But the Germanic and Slavic languages lost the initial S, so we find foam in English, Feim in German, and pena in Russian. (Today we thank Grogie, the mysterious Lexiterian in the Alpha Agora, for suggesting this lovely foamy Good Word.)


From this question on Physics SE Thermodynamics of evaporation:
The accepted answer shows a kinetic perspective. I want to understand things from classical thermodynamics. As even an inert gas is added to the container, there would be some increase of configurational entropy in the gaseous phase compared to the initial conditions. Won't this factor will decrease the chemical potential of the gaseous phase and thus increase the vapour pressure a bit?.
If the nitrogen is truly inert, its presence will have no direct effect on the chemical potential of the water in the gas phase. Essentially, the gaseous water is "unaware" of the nitrogen. Consistent with this, in a mixture of ideal gases, the chemical potential of each gas is determined only by the temperature, and its partial pressure. It is indepenent of the partial pressures of the other gases.
However, even an ideal gas can increase the vapor pressure. It doesn't do so by reducing the chemical potential of the gaseous water. Rather, by applying pressure to the liquid water, it increases the chemical potential of the liquid phase, thus increasing the equilibrium vapor pressure. This is a small effect.
Of course, gases aren't inert. As you increase the pressure of the nitrogen, you have two opposing effects on the liquid water: (1) The effect described above, which increases the liquid's chemical potential. (2) With increased pressure, the concentration of nitrogen dissolved in the water will increase, which will lower the water's chemical potential. And of course one also has to account for the non-ideal interactions between the nitrogen and the water vapor.
 - $\begingroup$ Even if Nitrogen is inert it will surely affect the configurational entropy of the gaseous phase of water? $\endgroup$ Jun 5 at 9:38
 - $\begingroup$ If we treat both the nitrogen and the water as ideal gases, then their configurational entropies are each independent of the presence of the other gas. $\endgroup$
 – theorist
 Jun 5 at 10:00
 - $\begingroup$ You're probably thinking: If we have a container in which we have 1 L of ideal gas A on the left side at 1 atm, and 1 L of ideal gas B on the right side at 1 atm, and we remove the partition to allow them to mix, their entropies will increase. Yes, but that's because each now has twice the volume to explore (correspondingly, their partial pressures are halved). But suppose we instead squeeze A and B together into a 1 L space, such that their partial pressures don't change (only the total pressure changes). Then their entropies will be unchanged. $\endgroup$
 – theorist
 Jun 5 at 10:08
 - $\begingroup$ I am trying and the derivative is not cancelling out for a closed container with a fixed amount of inert gas. It is something like 1-ln(x), x = Ratio of moles of water vapour with Inert gas. $\endgroup$ Jun 5 at 10:08
 - $\begingroup$ No, I am using xln(x) + yln(y)...x and y mole fraction in the gaseous phase $\endgroup$ Jun 5 at 10:18
At $\pu{46°C}$, the vapor pressure of water in $\pu{0.1 atm}$. It means that if some water is introduced into a vacuum, in an empty container at $\pu{46°C}$, the measured pressure in the container is $\pu{0.1 atm}$. Now if water is heated to $\pu{46°C}$ in an open flask at $\pu{1 atm}$., the composition of the vapor phase is $10$% water vapor, $90$% air. The vapor pressure is the same above the surface of water, whatever the presence of air. The total pressure has to be maintained at 1 atm. of course.
 - $\begingroup$ There will be a factor of ΔSmix and its derivative will not be zero if we fix the inert gas amount in a closed container. That's why asked. $\endgroup$ Jun 5 at 9:35
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ -1 This is wrong, putting pressure on water increases it's vapour pressure: Kelvin equation $\endgroup$
 – S R Maiti
 Jun 5 at 9:45
Your Answer


text:
figure tag is used to provide the
structure for inserting a figure into a CNXML document. A figure
may contain an image, multimedia object, or caption tag.
The World's Cutest Dog
Notice how cute the dog is just sitting there.
Results in this display:
Figure 1: Notice how cute the dog is just sitting there.
|The World's Cutest Dog|
Allows you to determine which way subfigure elements are
arranged. Has no effect if the figure has no subfigure children.
- horizontal -
Subfigures appear side by side (default).
- vertical -
Subfigures appear one on top of the other.
Defines the type of figure in order to give specialized control over numbering.
Figures of the same type are numbered in series (i.e., Figure 1, Figure 2...).
Type can be used in conjunction with label so that figures of each
user-defined type appear with their own label. Type can be any user-defined
value that reflects the purpose of the figure.
A unique identifier, whose value must begin with a letter and contain only letters,
numbers, hyphens, underscores, colons, and/or periods (no spaces).
may contain an optional
tag, followed by an optional title
Next, it must contain:
may contain an


text:
Have you ever looked into your guinea pig's cage and noticed them flip over their house sometimes?
They might have a little hut, igloo, or hideout that they constantly tip over when they feel like it.
Most of the time a guinea pig can even look proud that they've done it, so why do guinea pigs flip over their house?
The main reasons why guinea pigs flip their house over are:
- Because they like to rearrange the things in their cage.
- They'll flip things over when they're mad.
- When they think their cage or house is too small.
- If they're trying to get a better angle so that they can chew on it.
So it's true that they can do it for a lot of different reasons, but luckily there are some easy ways to get them to stop if you don't want them to do it anymore.
Table of Contents
Why Does My Guinea Pig Flip Over Their House?
If you have a guinea pig that flips over their house then sometimes it can be a confusing behavior to see happen.
This is mainly because like most of their behaviors it can have multiple meanings when they do it.
The first reason why they'll knock over their little house is that some guinea pigs just like rearranging the items that are in their cage.
So this can happen when they don't like the spot that a certain item is in so they'll push it around and turn it over to how they want it.
It's fun and almost like a game for them and it's kind of like interior decorating for guinea pigs.
The second reason why they'll do it is when something around them it's starting to make them a little upset.
For example, if another guinea pig in the cage is harassing them, even playfully, then they may start to act out and begin to flip things over.
It can sometimes be hard to tell when your guinea pig is mad, but this can be one of the smaller signs that they are.
Another reason why a guinea pig will flip their house over is if they think that their cage or house is too small for them.
If they don't have enough room to run around and release all of their pent-up energy then you may see this happen.
It's the same with flipping over their little igloo or hut as well, because when they do this, for them it can seem like they're creating some extra space for themselves.
Guinea pigs will also flip over their house so that they can try to get a better angle to chew on it.
They will try to chew on any and everything that they can get their little hands on, so it's no surprise that they will try to chew on their house after they've tipped it over.
Is It Normal For A Guinea Pig To Flip Over Their House?
It is natural to want to know if their house flipping behavior is normal if you have ever seen your guinea pig do it.
It's one of those odd things that you'll see them do every now and then, but is it a normal thing for them to do?
Generally, it's normal for a guinea pig to try to knock over their house when they feel like it.
Most of the time when it comes to guinea pigs it would actually be unusual if they didn't do it every so often.
A lot of guinea pigs just like to rearrange their stuff to how they like it, and usually, that's a good thing.
The reason why it can be a good thing is that it can mean that they still care enough and have enough energy to do these types of activities.
Guinea pigs will try to move around a lot of things in their cage, so you'll see them knock over their food bowl, their toys, and their house, and it's all very normal for them to do.
Will Guinea Pigs Always Try To Flip Over Their House?
Like their houses, guinea pigs can flip over a lot of the items in their cage so much that sometimes it can even seem like they prefer it this way.
Sometimes you may even see them turn it over as soon as you put their house back in the right position too. So is this something that they will always try to do throughout their lives?
Most of the time some guinea pigs will do it as they continue to get older and that's completely normal behavior.
However, some guinea pigs can stop flipping over their house sometimes as well. So it usually depends on the reason why they're doing it in the first place.
If they're doing it because they don't have enough space in their cage or if their house is too small for them, then they may stop once they get a bigger cage and house.
But if flipping over their house is something that they like to do and it's fun for them, then they most likely won't stop unless you intervene in some way.
Should You Stop A Guinea Pig From Flipping Over Their House?
Sometimes when a guinea pig flips over their house they'll put it back to how it was themselves, but most of the time you'll have to fix it for them.
Constantly doing this can start to become slightly annoying over time, so is this something that you should stop them from doing?
Most of the time trying to stop your guinea pig from knocking over their little igloo or hut won't always work out how you want it to.
Guinea pigs are mainly going to do what they want and sometimes that means flipping over their house.
So when they rearrange the items in their cage it's just what they want to do and it's usually fine to let them continue doing it.
However, there are some simple things that you can try to help stop them from doing it all the time.
For example, if they're doing it because they don't like the size of their cage or house, then getting them a larger sized cage or house may stop them from doing it.
A larger-sized house can also help stop them from knocking it over because they won't be able to get the angle that would allow them to flip it over as well.
If that's not the reason why they're doing it and you want them to stop, then getting them a house that is a little bit heavier may help.
A heavy house can make it so that they won't be strong enough to physically pick it up and turn it over.
They'll still be able to push it around to where they want it which can make them happy, and you won't have to constantly come back to their cage and flip their house back over.


text:
Contact: Sonia Fernandez
University of California - Santa Barbara
Caption: The top map on the left represents the current normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) conditions (April 11-20, 2012), and the bottom left is the average for this time of year. The top right map is the difference between the top (current) and bottom (normal) on the left, and the bottom right map is the "significance" or "z-score" of that difference.
Credit: Joel Michaelsen
Usage Restrictions: None
Related news release: With climate and vegetation data, UCSB geographers closer to predicting droughts in Africa


text:
Int J Esthet Dent 10 (2015), No. 3 15. July 2015
Int J Esthet Dent 10 (2015), No. 3 (15.07.2015)
Page 468-485, PubMed:26171448
Wear behavior of zirconia substrates against different antagonist materials
Aldegheishem, Alhanoof / Alfaer, Ali / Brezavšček, Miha / Vach, Kirstin / Eliades, George / Att, Wael
Objective: This study assessed the wear behavior of different zirconia substrates with distinct surface roughness against different antagonist materials.
Method: Hemisphere-shaped specimens (diameter 5 mm) made out of different materials (VM9, Vintage ZR, IPS e.max Press, and human enamel) were used as antagonists against plates of three zirconia materials (P-NANOZr, Cercon HT, and Zenostar) with different surface roughness (smooth [Ra = 0.01], moderate [Ra = 0.1], and rough [Ra = 1]). Each group (n = 7) was exposed to thermomechanical fatigue in a mastication simulator to simulate 5 years of clinical service. All specimens were scanned using a laser scanner and volumetric loss was quantified. Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate wear pattern, while Raman spectroscopy was employed to determine the crystalline property of zirconia specimens.
Results: For zirconia, the smallest volumetric loss was recorded with smooth P-NANOZR against enamel antagonists (0.002 ± 0.002 mm3), whereas the greatest loss was observed with rough Cercon HT against Vintage antagonists (0.37 ± 0.14 mm3). For antagonists, smooth Zenostar against enamel antagonists yielded the smallest volumetric loss (0.03 ± 0.02 mm3), whereas the greatest loss values were recorded with rough Zenostar against VM9 antagonists (2.67 ± 0.35 mm3). A positive correlation was found between surface roughness of zirconia specimens and volume loss of base and antagonist specimens. PNANOZR showed less wear compared to other zirconia materials. The wear pattern was comparable among different specimens. Artificial aging did not influence the levels of tetragonal and monoclinic phases of different zirconia materials.
Conclusion: While microstructure shows a relatively smaller effect, surface roughness of zirconia has the greatest effect on its wear and on the wear of antagonists.


text:
Learn how to say Igniting correctly in English with this tutorial pronunciation video.
Oxford dictionary definition of the word ignite:
catch fire or cause to catch fire:
furniture can give off lethal fumes when it ignites
he lit a cigarette which ignited the petrol fumes
[with object] arouse or inflame (an emotion or situation):
the words ignited new fury in him
mid 17th century (in the sense 'make intensely hot'): from Latin ignire 'set on fire', from ignis 'fire'


Quick Answer: How Do You Permanently Delete Files So They Cannot Be Recovered?
Where do things go when you delete them off your phone?
If you delete an item from your Android device without it being backed up, it will stay in your bin for 60 days.
If you see a photo or video in Google Photos that you think you deleted, it might be on a removable memory card.
To delete it, use your device's gallery app..
How do I permanently delete data from my phone?
Is anything ever really deleted from your phone?
The reality is that the file is not deleted and the data it contained still remains on the drive or storage card." … "The take-away is that even deleted data on your used phone can be recovered unless you completely overwrite it."
Can hackers retrieve deleted files?
Deleted files are at risk Cybercriminals and hackers can gain access to personal information stored in your computer even after you think you've deleted the files. This includes everything from financial documents to scanned images. If you think those files are gone because they've been deleted, think again.
How do I permanently delete photos from my phone?
To permanently delete an item from your device:On your Android phone or tablet, open the Google Photos app.Sign in to your Google Account.Select the items you want to delete from your Android phone or tablet.In the top right, tap More Delete from device.
How do I delete a file that won't delete?
How to delete files that won't deleteMethod 1. Close apps.Method 2. Close Windows Explorer.Method 3. Reboot Windows.Method 4. Use Safe Mode.Method 5. Use a software deletion app.Aug 14, 2019
What happens to permanently deleted photos?
Where Do Deleted Photos Go on Android. … In that folder, you will find all the photos you have deleted within the last 30 days. If you want to recover recently deleted pictures, simply choose the photos, and tap the Restore button. While if the pictures are more than 30 days old, they will be permanently deleted.
Where do pictures go after you permanently delete them?
Instead, the image is sent to the Recently Deleted album in the Photos app where it remains for 30 days. During that time you can return a photo from the Recently Deleted album to your phone. You can also choose to delete it permanently.
Does emptying recycle bin permanently delete?
When you delete a file from your computer, it moves to the Windows Recycle Bin. You empty the Recycle Bin and the file is permanently erased from the hard drive. … Until the space is overwritten, it is possible to recover the deleted data by using a low-level disk editor or data-recovery software.
Where does the permanently deleted files go?
When you delete a file from your computer, it moves to the Windows Recycle Bin. You empty the Recycle Bin and the file is permanently erased from the hard drive. … Instead, the space on the disk that was occupied by the deleted data is "deallocated."
Can Factory reset data be recovered?
Factory Reset does NOT delete all data When you factory reset your Android phone, even though your phone system becomes factory new, but some of the old Personal information is not deleted. … But all the data is present in your phone memory and can be easily recovered using a free data-recovery tool such as FKT Imager.
Is anything ever really deleted from the Internet?
The problem with deleting information is that nothing is ever really gone from the internet. … You, and other users of that site, might not be able to see the deleted info, but it's still stored somewhere. And in some cases, that content doesn't really belong to you anymore.
Can police see deleted history?
So, can police recover deleted pictures, texts, and files from a phone? The answer is yes—by using special tools, they can find data that hasn't been overwritten yet. However, by using encryption methods, you can ensure your data is kept private, even after deletion.
Are deleted files gone forever?
As Andy O'Donnell of About reports, a deleted file isn't necessarily lost forever. … Windows users delete a file and send it to the Recycle Bin, which they'll empty later. Once the Recycle Bin is emptied, most users have lost any means of accessing or recovering those files. But, they may not be completely deleted.
How do you make a file unrecoverable?
Does factory reset remove all data?
When you do a factory reset on your Android device, it erases all the data on your device. It is similar to the concept of formatting a computer hard drive, which deletes all the pointers to your data, so the computer no longer knows where the data is stored.
How do I permanently delete deleted files on Android?
5 Best Ways to Permanently Delete Android DataDelete Items Using a File Manager. The worst way to delete a private file from your Android phone is from within the associated app. … Erase Data With a File Shredder. … Delete Android Files From Your PC. … Erase Sensitive Files From SD Cards. … Restore Your Phone to Factory Settings.Nov 8, 2020
How do I delete unwanted files?
Right-click your main hard drive (usually the C: drive) and select Properties. Click the Disk Cleanup button and you'll see a list of items that can be removed, including temporary files and more. For even more options, click Clean up system files. Tick the categories you want to remove, then click OK > Delete Files.
Where does recycle bin files go when deleted?
When you restore files deleted from the Recycle Bin, they will appear in their original location in the folder from which they were deleted. The "Original Location" column in the Recycle Bin shows this location.
The app that lets you permanently erase deleted files is called Secure Eraser, and it's available for free on the Google Play Store. To begin, search the app by name and get it installed, or head directly to the install page at the following link: Install Secure Eraser for free from the Google Play Store.
Can hackers access permanently deleted photos?
Two researchers have recently found a vulnerability that could let hackers access your images, even if you previously deleted them. Richard Zhu and Amat Cama of Fluoroacetate discovered the bug at a recent hacker contest. … Until then, the recently deleted images remain accessible to hackers.
Are deleted files really deleted?
When you a delete a file, it isn't really erased – it continues existing on your hard drive, even after you empty it from the Recycle Bin. This allows you (and other people) to recover files you've deleted.
Are emails ever permanently deleted?
Most email programs, such as Gmail, Yahoo or Outlook, simply move the deleted email to a trash folder that permanently erases the email only after a certain length of time. … In some folders, such as those marked as "Spam," emails will be erased forever the first time you choose to delete them.


Main Content
Test Sequence Basics
A test sequence consists of test steps arranged in a hierarchy. You can use a test sequence to define test inputs and to define how a test will progress in response to the simulation. A test step contains actions that execute at the beginning of the step. A test step can contain transitions that define when the step stops executing, and which test step executes next. Actions and transitions use MATLAB® as the action language. You create test sequences by using the Test Sequence block and the Test Sequence Editor. See Use Stateflow Chart for Test Harness Inputs and Scheduling.
Test Sequence Hierarchy
Test sequences defined in Test Sequence blocks can have parent steps and substeps. Substeps can activate only if the parent step is active. A group of steps in the same hierarchy level shares a common transition type. When you create a test step, the step becomes a transition option for other steps in the same group.
Test Sequence Scenarios
In a Test Sequence block, you can define multiple test sequences, which are called test sequence scenarios. By using scenarios, you can define distinct test sequences without having multiple Test Sequence blocks in your test harness. You can run test sequence scenarios in these ways:
 - Activate a single scenario from the Test Sequence Editor and run the model
 - Activate a single scenario using API commands and run the model
 - Control the active scenario with a workspace variable and run the model
 - Use a custom test script to loop through scenarios when running the model
 - Define iterations in the Test Manager to run more than one scenario in a single test case
For more information and examples of using test sequence scenarios, see Use Test Sequence Scenarios in the Test Sequence Editor and Test Manager and Programmatically Create and Run Test Sequence Scenarios.
Transition Types
Test sequences defined in Test Sequence blocks transition from one step to another in two ways:
 - Standard transition: You can define a sequence of actions that react to simulation conditions using a standard transition sequence. Standard transition sequences start with the first step and progress according to transition conditions and next steps. For a list of transitions, see Test Sequence and Assessment Syntax.
 This test sequence sets the value of Boolean outputs RedButtonIn and GreenButtonIn, with transitions happening after each step has been active for 1 sec.
 - When decomposition: When decomposition sequences are analogous to switch statements in programming. Your sequence can act based on specific conditions occurring in your model. In a When decomposition sequence, steps activate based on a condition that you define after the step name. Transitions are not used between steps.
 This When decomposition contains three verify statements. Each verify statement is active when the signal gear is equal to a different value. For more information, see Assess a Model by Using When Decomposition.
Create a Basic Test Sequence
In this example, you use a Test Sequence block to create a simple test sequence for a transmission shift logic controller.
 1. Open the model. At the command line, enter
 2. Right-click the shift_controller subsystem and select Test Harness > Create for 'shift_controller'.
 3. In the Create Test Harness dialog box, under Sources and Sinks:
 - Select Test Sequence from the source drop-down menu.
 - Select Add separate assessment block.
 - Select Open harness after creation.
 4. Click OK. The test harness for the shift_controller subsystem opens.
 5. Double-click the Test Sequence block. The Test Sequence Editor opens.
 6. Create the test sequence.
 1. Rename the first step Accelerate and add the step actions:
 speed = 10*ramp(et);
 throttle = 100;
 2. Right-click the Accelerate step and select Add step after. Rename this step Stop, and add the step actions:
 throttle = 0;
 speed = 0;
 3. Enter the transition condition for the Accelerate step. In this example, Accelerate transitions to Stop when the system is in fourth gear for 2 seconds. In the Transition column, enter:
 duration(gear == 4) >= Limit
 In the Next Step column, select Stop.
 4. Add a constant to define Limit. In the Symbols pane, hover over Constant and click the add data button. Enter Limit for the constant name.
 5. Hover over Limit and click the edit button. In the Constant value field, enter 2. Click OK.
Create Basic Test Assessments
 1. Continuing the example, in the test harness, double-click the Test Assessment block to open the editor. The editor displays a When decomposition sequence.
 2. Rename the first step Assessments.
 3. Add two steps to Assessments. Right-click the Assessments step and select Add sub-step. Do this a second time. There should be four steps under Assessments.
 4. Enter the names and actions for the four substeps.
 Check1st when gear == 1
 verify(speed < 45)
 Check2nd when gear == 2
 verify(speed < 75)
 Check3rd when gear == 3
 verify(speed < 105)
 The fourth step Else has no actions. Else handles simulation conditions outside of the preceding when conditions.
 5. Add a scope to the harness and connect the speed, throttle, and gear signals to the scope.
 6. Set the model simulation time to 15 seconds and simulate the test harness. View the signal data by opening the scope.
 7. View the results of the verify statements in the Simulation Data Inspector.
See Also
Related Topics


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Civilizations record their history, but how do we derive information for periods before record keeping started? How much do we know for that era of human civilization?
share|improve this question
closed as not a real question by DVK, American Luke, Gangnus, knut, Russell Dec 17 '12 at 2:36
1 Answer 1
up vote 5 down vote accepted
The invention of writing, roughly in the 4th millennium BC divides human history in two major periods:
 1. Prehistory, the period before the invention of writing, and
 2. Recorded history, the period after the invention of writing.
The divide isn't uniform for all civilizations, obviously not all civilizations invented writing at the same time. Furthermore some ancient civilizations, although they thrived in a period that's generally considered part of recorded history, didn't really do a great job recording their own history. For example, in Ancient Sparta, record keeping and any kind of written history was forbidden by law. In such cases, most of the information we have are from neighbouring civilizations.
Prehistory is distinctively different than recorded history, all the information we have for prehistoric times comes from remains and artefacts. Archaeologists studying the prehistoric era of a civilization utilize a vast array of interdisciplinary techniques, such as the study of geologic records and fossils, techniques that are more commonly associated with palaeontology and geology.
share|improve this answer


Supporting schools with coroners' inquests
We offer specialist support to schools on all aspects of Education law, including advice regarding Coroner inquests. Almost inevitably these are in tragic circumstances where current or previous pupils or teachers have died. We understand that the whole school community can be affected by such difficult situations. As such, we endeavour to provide all-round support to schools, including practical and legal advice, while always being mindful of the sensitivities of such cases.
What is an inquest?
An inquest is the formal legal procedure in which the cause and circumstances of a person's death are examined in order to establish who died and when, how and where they died.
In certain cases, there may be various steps before an inquest can take place. For instance, if the case is complex or there are many witnesses, there may be a 'pre-inquest review' hearing. This will cover issues that need to be determined before the inquest itself can take place many of which can have a significant impact on the scope of the final inquest hearing. There will also be discussions about disclosure of evidence and, in the lead up to the inquest, copies of documents will be circulated to 'interested persons'. Interested persons will be people or institutions that are adjudged by the Coroner to have a sufficient interest in the case. In the case of the death of a pupil or an incident leading to a death on school premises, the Coroner may decide that a school is an interested person.
Once the pre-inquest steps are complete, an inquest will take place. During the inquest, the Coroner will hear from witnesses and may consider reports from professionals. The Coroner chooses the witnesses and it may be that a representative of the school is required to attend as a witness. We can attend with you as your legal representative. If the school is an interested person we will be able to cross examine witnesses on your behalf.
After hearing from the witnesses and considering the documents, the Coroner will summarise the evidence making findings of fact, and finally the Coroner will make a conclusion (or the conclusion of the jury in some cases) as to the cause of death.
How can Stone King help?
We can assist throughout the inquest process. We can support you with the immediate circumstances following a pupil's death, including reporting requirements and liaising with various authorities and stakeholders. We can also assist with the inquest itself, including arranging for the disclosure of evidence from the Coroner, analysing the evidence, drafting statements on your behalf and preparing you fully for the hearing. We can also provide representation at the inquest by an experienced solicitor or in some cases barrister.
We are mindful of the potential implications for the school of such a public procedure, particularly as it is already a very difficult time. For instance, in some cases we use our knowledge of the law to seek to limit publication of material, particularly where it may affect children. On occasions we also work closely with school appointed PR consultants to assist in managing the media during the process.
Andrew Banks leads our support to schools in this challenging area. Andrew acts as an Advocate in the courts during the whole inquest process; he is a Higher Courts (Criminal) advocate and has undertaken many trials and inquests over 24 years. Andrew supports schools on various challenging matters and is known for providing a calm, measured approach.
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January 29, 2013
Strategies for learning student name
UWF promotes itself as student-centered institution "where the buildings have numbers and the students have names." Continued growth and larger class sizes create challenges to faculty who want to maintain this commitment to student engagement. Learning a student's name makes that student feel valued. Small changes that improve the sense of community in a class can make a big difference for student engagement and learning
Barbara Millis collected strategies used by several colleagues to help them learn the names of their students and build a sense of rapport and community in their classes.
Seating charts: Divide and conquer
If your class is small enough, you can use a seating chart to help learn student names. Instructors can assign seats or make a chart based on seats that students select during the first week of class. Students are fairly territorial about their seats and sit in the same location all term when seats are not assigned. Divide your seating charts into blocks with no more than 6 students per block. Work on learning the names of the 6 students in one block during each class session. Make a point of visiting with the students in a new block during class. Once you learn the names of students in one block, include them in your visits with student in the next block to keep names you've learned fresh in memory. (Dee Fink)
Create an office hours visit assignment for your course
Require students to visit you during office hours during the first two or three weeks of the term, even if the visit is limited to only a few minutes. You might not learn all student names during these one-on-one visits, but an early break-the-ice visit ensures that students can locate your office and encourages them to arrange content-focused visits later in the term. This strategy is especially useful in classes with large first-year enrollments. Many first-year students are naïve about the expectations of academic life and are reluctant to intrude on faculty during their office hours. They may benefit from an extra push to engage in a one-on-one conversation with an instructor. (Gerry Wojnar)
Use student's names when you talk to them, even if you have to ask their name first
We frequently recognize the names of our students when we see or hear their names. We might recognize many of our students' faces, but have difficulty connecting names to faces. When a student visits your office or you see one of your students outside class, greet the student by name (if you know it), or ask "please remind me of your name" (if you don't know it). When you use the student's name, students love this confirmation that you know them. If you don't know the student's name, request it and use it during your conversation. You will show the student that you care enough to try to learn and use students' names. Students appreciate your effort. Both strategies build rapport with students. (Susan Robison)
Ask students to make and use name tents during class
In smaller classes, you can ask students to print their name in large letters on name tents and place the name tents on their desk. You and other students can then read their names and associate names with faces. Make a point of using names when you call on students during class. Gradually, you will learn names and rely less on reading the names from the tents. (Kejing Liu & Susan Robison).
Use student photos in the ClassMate roster to associate names with faces
Print a copy of the roster with student photos and bring this to class during the first week and during exams. In the early weeks, you might use the roster to call on students and compare their appearance in class with the roster photo. Bring the roster to an early exam and see if you can match students in the class with their names by comparing their photo to their appearance that day. This also deters wandering eyes during the exam. (Susan Robison)
This tip is based on a teaching strategy submitted to the Teaching Issues Writing Consortium by Barbara Millis, Teaching and Learning Center, University of Texas at San Antonio (_URL_
WKU Writer's Consortium
March 22, 2011
Improve classroom dynamics through inclusion: Use the Classmate photo roster to connect names with faces and call on students by name
Learning student names at the start of a new semester can be challenging. Many students decide to attend a regional comprehensive university like the University of West Florida rather than a large university because they expect that the smaller class sizes and lower student-faculty ratios at UWF will increase their ability to get to know and interact with faculty. They may be disappointed if they attend class regularly, participate occasionally, and find that their instructor still does not know their name. When faculty can recognize students and recall their names when calling on them during class or during out-of-class conversations, students feel a stronger sense of community and inclusion in the class. The classroom dynamic may also improve, fostering more frequent participation and student engagement.
The class rosters available through Classmate now include student photos. These photos can work as handy tools to aid instructors in learning and recalling student names. Learning the names of many students in a large enrollment class can be a daunting task. Make this task more manageable by creating small groups of students and learning the names of students in one group at a time. Usually one page from the Classmate roster prints approximately five or six student faces and names, which should be a manageable number for one day. Limit your study to one page of student photos on any given day.
Open one page of the roster at the lectern during class (or bring a printed copy of the page) and scan the audience as class discussion gets underway. Search for the faces of students in the group on your page and call on these students by name during class. At the end of the class, return to the photos in the roster and rehearse the faces and names of these students once more to reinforce your memory. Prior to the next class session, review these faces and names. Once you are familiar with the names and faces of students in this group, select a new page in the roster and focus on this new set of students during class. Gradually, you will be able to match the names and faces of a large number of your students.
Thanks to Michelle Hale Williams, Government & Political Science, University of West Florida, for this suggestion.
December 4, 2007
Students feel more engaged when faculty know students' names, but learning the names of many students can be difficult.
Bring a digital camera to class at the start of the term and photograph students in groups of 3 or 4, holding a sheet of paper with their name. You can review these photos from time to time to connect names and faces.
Some students may object to being photographed. To avoid potential conflicts, explain to students that participation in this activity is entirely voluntary, the materials will only be used by you to help you learn their names, and photos will be destroyed at the end of the semester.
To report errors and/or broken links on the CUTLA website, please contact us at _EMAIL_.
Center for University Teaching, Learning, and Assessment | Bldg. 53, Room 208 | 11000 University Pkwy. | Pensacola, FL 32514 | USA | _PHONE_ | Campus Map | Text Only | Site map


text:
I need help ASAP
karab at auadec.aua.ariadne-t.gr
Fri Apr 10 03:41:14 EST 1998
Hi, here you are:
1) removing the leaves of plants after transplanting helps the plant to
Because you reduce leaf surface, thus you reduce water loss. When you
transplant, root hairs are destroyed, so water supply isn't adequate.
2) why experts in flower arranging advise recutting the stems of flowers
while holding them under water.
Because when you cut the stem, due to negative pressure, air bubbles enter
from the cutting and bloke the vains (you have a brake in water column
inside the vains).
3) Why some florists add ordinary table sugar to the water in which cut
flowers are placed and why the flowers will subsequently remain fresh for
Well, I think it has something to do with oncrement in osmotic pressure of
the solution where you store the cutted plants/flowers. I am mot sure...
More information about the Plantbio


text:
Experts say that body expressions can reveal more details about someone's personality than they know. The way people hold their first is an example of it.
It shows several aspects of their temperament, general attitude towards the life, and how they react in certain circumstances. According to Voice Meaww, there are three main ways people hold their fists. Those are the following:
- The Star
Experts usually call'stars' those people who place their the thumb beside the other four fingers in a resting position. Those who hold their firsts this way are said to be gentle, sensitive, compassionate, and considered
They also can understand other's emotions and act accordingly, which make others see them as accessible people and good friends to be with and to talk to.
The stars are organized, strategic, and tend to be more creative than the rest of people. Even though they are introvertive, they like a bit of social exposure. When others notice the stars' attitude, they might try to take advantage of them, so they must be careful.
- The Overachiever
In this type of fist, people put their thumbs covering (or protecting) the other four fingers. The 'overachievers' are usually talented, charismatic and extroversive. They don't hold back their thoughts and emotions and are always focused on a goal.
They are driven and ambitious but like to work in isolation for that goal they have in mind. Since the overachievers are too focused on their dreams, others tend to judge them and believe that there is something wrong with them, even if it is nor truth.
- The Gentle Soul
For this fist, the thumb hides behind the other fingers just as if those people were trying to hide their thoughts from others. Those with 'gentle souls' are introvertive and are attracted to honest and straightforward individuals.
They like to spend time with friends but there is a point wherein they need a break. People who get in the 'gentle souls' personal space have a hard time. They are loyal and kind, which are characteristics that many looks for when choosing a good friend.
It is important to point out that people's personality is not strictly related to the way they hold their fists. It is just a common reference found in many subjects.
Do you want to see more videos of your favorite stars? Subscribe to our YouTube channel!


What is the difference between object and class in Scala?
Marcin Krykowski
19th March 2021
In this article we will briefly describe the difference between object and class in Scala.
An object is a singleton instance of a class. For every object in the code, an anonymous class is created, which inherits from whatever classes you declared object to implement.
Objects as static method holders
Quite often you will need an object to be host for some methods that shall be available without having to first instantiate an instance of some class. This use is closely related to static members in Java.
object MyObject {
 def addOne(n: Int): Int = n + 1
You can then call above method using MyObject.addOne(3).
If addOne were a member of some class A, then you would need to make an instance first:
class MyClass() {
val myClass = new MyClass()
You can see how redundant this is, as addOne does not require any instance-specific data.
Objects as a special named instance
You can also use the object itself as some special instance of a class or trait. When you do this, your object needs to extend some trait in order to become an instance of a subclass of it.
Consider the following code:
object A extends B with C {
 // some methods
This declaration first declares an anonymous (inaccessible) class that extends both B and C, and instantiates a single instance of this class named A.
This means A can be passed to functions expecting objects of type B or C or B with C.
Additional features of objects
There also exist some special features of objects in Scala. I recommend to read the official documentation.
def apply(...) enables the usual method name-less syntax of A(...) def unapply(...) allows to create custom pattern matching extractors def copy(...) allows to create a copy of an instance with some parameters changed if accompanying a class of the same name, the object assumes a special role when resolving implicit parameters.
To sum up:
 - class C defines a class, just as in Java
 - object O creates a singleton object O as instance of some anonymous class. It might be used to hold static members that are not associated with instances of some class.
 - object O extends T makes the object O an instance of trait T. You can then pass O anywhere, a T is expected.
 - if there is a class C, then object C is the companion object of class C. Note that the companion object is not automatically an instance of C.
If you have still some concerns you can always reach out to the documentation for classes and objects.
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Croatia has introduced a number of reforms to contain pharmaceutical expenditure whilst increasing access to new medicines. These include new regulations and new ordinances in 2013 including the pricing of new medicines and lowering the price of generics. Describe changes in the 2013 ordinance for new and established medicines in Croatia and the potential savings to provide future guidance. Methods: Descriptive review of the new ordinances for pricing and reimbursement of pharmaceuticals and calculations of potential savings from the various initiatives. There were changes in the ordinance for the pricing of new medicines in Croatia including the order of reference priced countries. There were also changes in the pricing of biosimilars as well as comparator levels with other countries. Projections show that with the new ordinance, ambulatory care expenditure for the 54 product groups (internal reference price system) will be reduced by 9.64% (318.4 million kunas) and prices of new medicines lowered by 8 to 10% following changes in the order of referenced price countries. This paper demonstrates that changes in the reference pricing system can lead to considerable differences in overall reimbursed expenditure. In addition, European countries with smaller populations can be active with introducing a variety of measures to keep pharmaceutical expenditure under control whilst increasing access to new medicines. Further reforms will be needed to improve the quality of prescribing. It is also likely further ordinances will be needed to keep pharmaceutical expenditure under control.
- reference pricing


Student Spotlight: Yun Liu
Yun Liu
November 16, 2020
Yun Liu is a master of public health student from China. After attending China Agricultural University and Rutgers University, she came to Cornell to study health equity and address the needs of all populations.
What is your area of research and why is it important?
My research interests focus on the macro factors that impact public health, such as people's social living situations and environmental factors. For example, how can we improve the health outcome of a patient with diabetes by ensuring his/her/their access to healthy foods or how can we reduce the child asthma rate in areas with poor air quality? I think the health status of the population of a society essentially reflects the overall health of the society in terms of its pattern of economic development, resource distribution, etc. Studying the upstream social determinants of health is important because those factors influence population health fundamentally and implicitly.
What are the larger implications of this research?
I view my research as an attempt of "sewing up" the gaps between fast social development and humans' health needs by identifying, uplifting, and addressing the health needs of all populations, particularly those of vulnerable populations. The larger implication, and goal of my research, is to improve health equity and to achieve it in the long term.
What inspired you to choose this field of study?
I come from a small town in the north of China where I witnessed many coal workers, including my grandfather, suffer from lung disease. When I studied in Beijing, I also met kids of immigrant workers who were not supplied with nutrient-rich foods to ensure their learning and physical activities. Those experiences motivated me to focus my study on achieving health equity within a population. To me, protecting the health—a basic human right—of every individual is protecting the potentials of the entire human race, which serves as the rich soil for the progress of human civilization.
How has the pandemic influenced the focus of your studies?
The pandemic disproportionally affected vulnerable populations with less access to medical resources and social protection, and it aggravated food insecurity by disrupting the whole food supply chain and people's connection with food assistance programs. This motivated me to research how to address health equity by integrating social needs into primary care settings.
How has the pandemic changed your involvement at Cornell? What are you doing to impact the campus and community as a public health student?
I am working at the observation station of the surveillance testing site to help people with their COVID-19 tests.
What kind of impact would you like your research to make on the world?
I hope my research and my future work would help to reduce health disparities and promote health equity in the world.
I like reading literature and philosophy and like to write sometimes. I think literature is the most vivid sketch of human history, often narrating from the point of view of a single individual while reflecting on how the society was at that time through the vicissitudes of the individual's life. Philosophy creates a space between the real world and my inner world, in which I could think, and reframe the world I see.
Why did you choose Cornell to pursue your degree?
I was motivated to pursue my graduate degree in Cornell primarily for two reasons. One reason was that one of the key leaders of China's new cultural movement (1919), Hu Shih, studied and graduated from Cornell. As a young woman who was enlightened by the liberal social views cultivated by this movement, I treasure the learning experience at Cornell as a dialogue with those pioneers throughout history and time. Another reason was that I love nature, and I cannot find another place like Ithaca that shows the beauty and diversity of natural environments in such a humble while fascinating way.


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Magnetic flow meters are increasingly taking the place of traditional mechanical flow meter designs. While they both measure the flow of a liquid in a pipe, they do so in different ways.
The most common mechanical flow meters are inserted into a pipe and use a turbine, wheel or paddle to measure velocity and then calculate volumetric flow by knowing the cross section area of the pipe in which they are installed. The most common type of the above listed mechanical flow meters utilizes a turbine that rotates as the flow of water applies a force to the blades. The rotation of the turbine is proportional to the velocity of the fluid moving past it. Once the velocity is known, the flow can be calculated.
Other mechanical meters use the same basic mechanical principles to measure flow. They operate most effectively when used in a full pipe and in an area with stable flow and little-to-no turbulence. Mechanical flow meters will operate in all types of liquids, but are prone to clogging and deteriorating performance due to solids accumulating on the turbine blades. They also obstruct a portion of the flow and require regular maintenance of the gears and moving parts.
Magnetic flow meters calculate the velocity of a moving substance using Faraday's Law. The meter body consists of a coil system, which is external to the process, but encapsulated in the meter body wrapping around the outside of the internal pipe wall, and operate by creating a magnetic field across the section of pipe. As the fluidflows through the magnetic field, conductive particles in the fluid create changes in voltage across the magnetic field.
This variation can be measured and used to calculate the velocity of the material flowing through the pipe. Like mechanical flow meters, magnetic flow meters operate effectively only if the pipe is full and in areas where the flow pattern is stable. Magnetic flow meters are effective when used with any concentration of wastewater and with other water-based liquids. However, magnetic flow meters are not designed for use in distilled water, oil and other hydrocarbons, and most non-water based substances.
Magnetic flow meters are superior to mechanical flow meters because they don't impede flow, don't become clogged with solids and have no moving parts to maintain or replace.


text: An oxidizing agent is a chemical substance that takes electrons from other substances. Oxidizing agents, sometimes called oxidizers or oxidants, are missing electrons and take them from other things that have electrons. The oxidizing agent is reduced as it gains electrons. The substance the electrons are taken from is the reducing agent. It is oxidized as the electrons leave.


OmeCare: Personal Health Management at Your Fingertips
In a world where ubiquitous fitness trackers and numerous health-monitoring gadgets passively record our physical parameters—such as heart rate, calories burned, blood oxygen levels, etc.—yet provide little guidance for how to actually improve our physical well-being, OmeCare offers immeasurably more. Its proprietary app dietgene turns your smartphone into a proactive health management device packing a wealth of scientifically sound, highly usable, and actionable wellness and health management information and advice.
The app is in fact a professional tool that can be used by anyone who aspires to lead a healthier lifestyle. It is the result of some 10 years of research conducted by leading physicians, nutritionists, and scientists with the goal of creating a personalized nutritional plan for individuals based on each person's unique set of DNA data. The DNA-based lifestyle along with nutritional recommendations and tracking tools was issued a US patent. The precise nutrition and physical activity guidelines in dietgene are based on the DNA testing that OmeCare conducts by analyzing some 33,000 genetic markers. Competitors generally rely on a broader, though generic, set of DNA data—a template—whereas OmeCare opts for a narrower range of markers, zeroing in on delivering the most precise scientific advice for a healthier lifestyle. The journey begins once you get your DNA test results.
"Taking a DNA test is just the first step of many to unlock your genetic potential and improve your overall health," says Dr. Michael Nova, OmeCare's Chief Innovation Officer, and co-founder. "By designing health plans based on both your genetic makeup and your individual lifestyle, the dietgene app makes healthy living dynamic, and a higher standard of care possible," Nova adds. With the dietgene app, you can use the information in your results to customize your unique fitness and nutrition plan.
Dietgene incorporates personal genetic data, collected and analyzed by OmeCare, and generates nutrition reports that guide to a proper diet based on one's medical condition, habits, and blood test results. The integration of the blood test results into the genetic dataset provides a more complete and personalized action plan for a healthier lifestyle. Since the set of DNA data remains unchanged, the additional variable of a blood test makes the lifestyle and nutrition recommendations even more valid and precise.
"The app gives you a distribution of the nutrients—carbs, fats, etc.—you should be consuming according to your activity, your body needs, and medical conditions. The process is controlled by the company's proprietary AI which was created with a view to combining this data together in order to create those recommendations," further explains Dr. Nova of dietgene's algorithm.
What makes the dietgene recommendations all the more valuable, is the fact that OmeCare never recommends anything that was not peer-reviewed, double-checked, or approved by the responsible scientific community.


How to Line a Pan
This time-saving trick comes in handy when you're making brownies or fudge.
Lining a Baking Pan with Foil
This method of keeping things from sticking to the pan is used most often for brownies, bar cookies, and fudge. The additional advantage of this method is that it allows you to easily lift the bars out of the pan before cutting them.
Lining pan with foil
 1. Tear a piece of foil that is larger than the pan. Shape the foil over the outside of the pan bottom. Cut slits at the corners to make it fit neatly.
 2. Gently lift the shaped foil off the pan.
 3. Turn the pan over and fit the shaped foil into it. Leave an inch or two of overhang to use as "handles" to lift the baked goods out of the pan.


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Meet the Tiniest Wing-Propelled Diver
Most wing-propelled diving birds are fairly large, ocean-going fellows. Not so for the smallest species to adapt this strategy. Cinclidae are a very special group of songbirds that hunt underwater for insect prey in freshwater streams. These marvelous little birds are capable of both "walking" along the bottom by gripping the substrate and of propelling themselves through the water column with their wings. Today, five species can be found. As a group these species have spread throughout much of the world including North America, Europe, Asia and Africa.
Dippers look rather unassuming when on land, and it would be easy to mistake them for catbirds or other garden variety songbirds at a glance. However, detailed studies have revealed many evolutionary novelties associated with more efficient waterproofing of the feathers, modified wing musculature to assist in the underwater "flight" stroke, and physiological properties of blood haemoglobin that make them very efficient at employing their unique feeding strategy. DNA studies indicate that the closest relatives of the dippers are thrushes and Old World flycatchers, but these groups show no particular affinities for water.
Our team is studying the dipper to learn what it can tell us about the earliest stages of wing-propelled diving. Since dippers make only shallow dives, are very small, and spend much time on land, they may provide clues about which evolutionary changes happen first during the transitions from a non-diving, volant bird body plan to a flightless diving bird body plan (like that of penguins).


INFP Intelligence: What Makes INFPs Smart?
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INFPs are peculiar in their way of thinking, don't you agree? Well, I agree with that because I'm an INFP, too. I've lived it.
So what does the INFP intellect really have to offer? Are INFPs a slow-witted type or geniuses that need some uncovering?
INFP is an intrapersonally smart personality. They possess high emotional intelligence that helps understand human subjectivity. They see multiple perspectives in a situation, too.
Furthermore, INFPs can be as logically and numerically smart as INTPs and INTJs. Only that, their motivation with knowledge is to draw the big picture and obtain a deeper meaning rather than zooming in on details such as calculations.
Like what Howard Gardner mentions in his Theory of Multiple Intelligences, every individual has their own intelligence. INFPs are just as unique.
6 Reasons Why INFPs Are Smart People
Truth be told, while many people assume that INFPs are shy people, the weight of ideas and idealism from the INFP mind can actually transform today's society.
Here are 6 reasons why INFPs are smart despite the numerous misconceptions.
1. INFPs realize idealistic plans and flaws way ahead of others.
INFPs are called idealists because of their quick perception of "perfection". This isn't an exaggeration, but when an INFP's presented a plan, the INFP mind strives to draw the perfect vision of what, when, and how it should happen.
For example, if someone announces a musical play production, INFPs tend to reel a perfect scenario of how it's gonna happen. They estimate the location's potential, the needed materials, and evaluate the behavior of the people around them. INFPs predict how much of the plan will prosper.
For INFPs, it's like a movie that keeps on replaying in their heads.
INFPs are natural masterminds that can see flaws way ahead of others. However, despite having the most idealistic proposals, there could be one main issue – the confidence to introduce the plan.
Confidence could be a vital issue for INFPs. While confident INFPs bring about fresh and desirable ideas, the self-critical ones may just keep the idea within themselves.
So if you have an INFP friend, you may want to gently ask their suggestions. You will never know how many insights an INFP could have.
2. INFPs can strongly empathize with others.
INFPs are emotionally intelligent. They are observant of character and human behaviors. They're highly sensitive to words, tone, intent, and gestures. Although they may not pinpoint the real problem, they are the first people to see that "something is off" about a person.
INFPs are empathetic and have the power to live in other people's shoes. INFPs are exceptional with it. They are in a constant course of understanding human subjectivity which requires critical thinking and profound intelligence.
3. INFPs are capable of solving their own and other people's problems
INFPs are intrapersonally smart. While they may have difficulties in socializing with others, INFPs are immensely in touch with themselves, their beliefs, and their values.
INFPs manage to compare and contrast ideas, then settle with the best solution they can find. Since they have a strong connection with themselves, the best people to solve their issues would be themselves, too.
They rarely ask people for advice. Instead, people go to them. INFPs are capable to connect the dots, consider emotions, and have a deeper understanding of the subject matter. This allows them to provide gentle, yet relevant advice for the specific person.
4. INFPs can do analytics and logic, too.
Here's some news: being a Thinker doesn't mean you're incapable of feeling; being a Feeler doesn't mean you're not thinking. We must clear this misconception.
Being either a Thinker or Feeler only indicates our paramount preference in our decision-making process. It's not a measure of academic or mathematical intelligence.
With that said, being a Feeler doesn't make INFPs dumb with numbers and logic. In computations, INFPs can be as good as INTPs and INTJs, too.
5 Reasons That Make INFPs Smart People
INFPs are capable of mathematical analysis when they need to use it. Only that, their true interests lie in the search for deeper meaning and understanding and not with incomprehensible numerical values.
Analytic intelligence, for INFPs, is like a switch. They can turn it on and off depending on the need to use the skill. So if there's no valid reason to perform some mathematical skill, then INFPs won't provide voluntary focus on it.
 You may also like: The INFP Mind: 6 Best INFP Traits and Hidden Behaviors
5. INFPs have the ability to see multiple perspectives
INFPs will always seek for the flaw to make corrections early on. Whether it's a project, a lecture, or an act, INFPs will see through where the flaw is.
Furthermore, what-ifs are INFPs' default planning mode.
"What if the panel criticizes this part, what should I say?"
"What if this happens, how should I respond?"
INFPs try to predict many possible scenarios. So when an event comes, they've already felt the sensations of a situation even before it happens. I admit this is a stressful INFP trait. When it gets out of hand, it induces a lot of anxiety in INFPs.
But when done right, it would deliver a well-planned performance that would not only reflect on the INFP but for the whole team that worked all together.
6. INFPs can explain complicated information into simple and comprehensible ideas
INFPs can digest complicated ideas and serve them into bite-sized comprehensible information. INFPs are like Dr. Strange. Among all the possible ways to say an idea, they'll find the fastest way that the other person would understand.
As an educator, I always read numerous book chapters for my lectures. Normally, it would take me around 5 hours to finish and digest every detail I've read. It takes longer because I'm also in search of the lesson's significance.
But when I discuss the topic with students, it becomes a lot shorter. I focus not on what and how I learned it. I pursue to discuss the why
Like many INFPs, they don't always talk about textbook knowledge. They speak about the essence of a topic. Fortunately, it's a facet people easily understand.
Why Some People Assume INFPs are Dumb
Despite INFP's intellect, many people still assume that INFPs are dumb. But why? Well here are a few reasons:
1. INFPs need more time to think before they give a quality response.
It's sometimes problematic if a person catches an INFP off-guard. For example, INFPs aren't their best with impromptu questions. While INFPs are critical thinkers, they need more time to provide a concrete, consumable answer.
INFPs contemplate every aspect of the issue. I mean, every aspect. So when they're not given enough time to think about it, they may give out weak responses and people would assume stupidity.
2. Thoughts don't accurately translate to words.
Many INFPs aren't good verbal communicators. The paradise they want to describe from their mind would turn out a backyard garden in their words. They can't accurately translate what they're thinking. Therefore, it may sound awkward and people often misunderstand it.
In these cases, pen and paper are INFP's best friends. When they can't deliver a plan through words, they do relay it in more creative ways such as writing and arts.
3. Excessive self-consciousness may be an issue.
Some INFPs suffer from excessive self-consciousness. I did experience it, too, so I know how limiting it is.
Before I spoke my words, I overanalyze how to say them, I'm picky with my words, and the worst part, I overthink what people would think of me after. Excessive self-consciousness is paralyzing. Moreover, since INFPs are highly conscious of people, it delivers great fear on them.
INFPs may have a lot of ideas within them, but when excessive self-consciousness attacks, they would choose to stay in the corner and not draw any attention at all.
You may also like: How to Deal with Excessive Self-consciousness
In conclusion, I'd say INFPs are smart people. While INFP's outward appearance appears to be slow-witted, they actually carry collective and connected knowledge.
This love for learning and understanding makes INFPs perceive situations better. They empathize more and help other people with a strong sense of emotional familiarity. In a larger sense, it's what our world needs today – the capability to empathize and understand.
Thanks for reading. God bless!
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INFP Intelligence: What Makes INFPs Smart?
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Two day Historical GIS Workshop
Computers are a necessary tool for all types of historians. They facilitate access to sources via digital archives, help manage large quantities of documents, and influence our interpretation. Despite these timeand cost-saving benefits, the growth of computing technologies also challenges the pedigree of the historian. Often the historian is required to gain intermediate or even expert knowledge in a particular type of software in order to carry out his or her analysis. Computer skills are also increasingly important in teaching and communicating with students. This is an area seldom taught during the historian's formal training.
We are currently seeking funding to hold a two day "crash course" in historical GIS. The workshop is tentatively schedualled for July 24th and 25th and it will take place in Toronto.
Marcel Fortin, GIS and Map Librarian at the University of Toronto, will offer hands-on training to a group of interested historians.
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text:
Effective management of the wheel/rail contact is an important aspect of rail infrastructure operations. All the influencing factors have to be taken into account as they interact closely. For example, measures used to reduce wear, such as lubrication, can influence fatigue and adhesion, and the measures used to increase adhesion, such as sanding, can have a detrimental effect on wear. A fine balance has to be found in determining maintenance schedules and lubrication regimes to keep railway networks running smoothly. Another important aspect is maintenance of the optimum wheel and rail profiles (through grinding) that can help avoid the onset of damage mechanisms.
This session aims at bringing together researchers and experts from various fields reporting on the current state of wheel/rail contact research. The discussion will promote interaction and collaboration among universities, research centres, railway operators and industry in order to propose solutions and indicate directions of future research.
The session will cover, but not is limited to, the following topics:
- Wheel/rail contact mechanics
- Wheel and rail material wear, rolling contact fatigue and other damage mechanisms (corrugations, squats, etc.)
- Management of wheel/rail friction (use of friction modifiers, lubricants etc.), including effective measurement of friction
- Causes of and overcoming low adhesion problems (traction gels etc.)
- Third-body layer analysis and the role of oxides in friction levels
- Noise and vibration generated by the wheel/rail contact and their mitigation
- Rail grinding: techniques, strategies, effects on noise, and rail failure mechanisms