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Category: Sponges view all from this category
Description 8" tall (20 cm) and 1" (2.5 cm) wide. Sponge produces brilliantly colored tree-like, intertwined branches in red and orange. Surface is covered with tiny, scattered pores.
Habitat Ocean or bay shallows, Tidepools.
Range Eastern Canada, Florida, New England, Mid-Atlantic, California, Texas, Northwest.
Discussion Branches of the Red Beard Sponge provide important habitats for crustaceans and juvenile fish species. Reproduces both asexually and sexually. Broken branches can regenerate into new sponges. When cells from the Red Beard Sponge are separated, they have the ability to reorganize themselves.


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VTT Expert Services Ltd is a Notified Body for the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC (Notified Body no. 0537). We offer EC-type approval services for products that require special testing for compliance and CE marking.
An EC-type examination is the procedure by which a Notified Body checks and guarantees that a particular model of machine complies with the Machinery Directive or a comparable directive's standards.
As a Notified Body, we inspect the following machines and safety components that require EC-type examinations:
- Vehicle maintenance hoists
- Equipment for lifting people or people and goods that involves a risk of falling from a height of over three metres
- Logic units for safety functions
Logic units are complex components
The 'logic units for safety functions' referred to in the Machinery Directive are complex components that meet the definition of a safety component and analyse one or more incoming signals. They use an algorithm to generate one or more outgoing signals. Logic units are used in or in conjunction with machine control systems in order to perform one or more safety functions.
However, the control system as a whole is not considered to be a logic unit. Electromechanical detectors or simple switching devices that only transform an incoming signal into an outgoing signal are not considered logic units either.
The following are considered logic units for safety functions:
- Safety logic
- Logic units for two-handed control devices
- Logical processing components for safety system signals used in bus and coach safety
Safety components governed by the Machinery Directive
- Perform a safety function
- Have been independently brought to market
- A fault and/or malfunction would endanger personal safety
- Not necessary for the functionality of the machine or could be replaced by a standard component

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Thermally responsive polymers for bioadhesives
We are synthesizing 4 arm polymer via anionic ring opening polymerization with controllable thermal gelation temperatures allowing for biocompatible adhesives.
Sutures and surgical staples are conventional wound closure techniques, which have many disadvantages, including the requirement for anesthesia; risk of infection and inflammation; and difficulty in application/retention in soft tissues. Especially in internal organs where fluids or gases are to be sealed off, these techniques are often insufficient. This encourages the development of a large variety of in situ curable tissue adhesives, sealants and hemostatic agents. Previously, a star shaped PPO-PEO block copolymer(poloxamine) was investigated as a polymer matrix for a tissue adhesive. The reversible thermal gelation property gives the hydrogel system an excellent sealing property. Good bulk strength, pliability, and thermal gelation property were achieved by combining two different polymers with functional groups.
The goal of this project is to create a tissue adhesive/sealant with ideal mechanical and thermal properties, adhesion effectiveness, ease of use, and economical efficiency.
Customized functionalized poloxamines are made and characterized via NMR, DSC, rheological measurement, etc. to investigate the formula for best properties without blending different polymers. As the structural parameters, such as molecular weight, ratio between sections, etc., of the polymer matrix is well defined via living anionic ring opening polymerization, the structural dependence of the thermal gelation point can be determined. Incorporated with reactive end groups, the synthetic polymer can perform better as a tissue adhesive/sealant. With the study of the thermal dynamics of the polymer solution and reaction kinetics, the hydrogel can be tailored towards the optimal performance.


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Sally and Nick are trying to guess which game Harvey the guinea pig might like to play with them. The Cat takes them to meet his friend Katie the cavy, a wild guinea pig. But when they try to ask her, she playfully runs off! With the help of three animals with very different ways of seeing, they finally find Katie and discover a guinea pig's favorite game--hide-and-seek!
Some animals can see in special ways: Andean condors can see things far away, llamas can see beside and behind themselves, dragonflies see multiple images to spot movement, and rainbow boas "see" heat in the dark.
Nick and Sally are waiting for Mom to come back so they can play in the pool. The Cat suggests that playing on water is even more fun! A trip to Splishy Splashy Pond to meet Walker the water strider reveals how he's able to stay on top of the water with the help of air bubbles.
The water strider uses air bubbles to walk on the surface of the water and vibrations to help it jump.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Le blog GlueTalk
Self full of cheese packed in food safe flexible packaging.
A General Overview of Packaging Food Safety
Posted 07/24/2019 by Justine Hanlon, Market Manager, Americas Adhesives Flexible Packaging
Food safety is an important subject in packaging, both globally and regionally. The role of packaging in food safety continues to grow as consumers eat more meals outside of the home and expect packaged foods to remain safe for extended periods of time. Adhesive suppliers and other manufacturers of packaging materials must monitor regulations and requirements as consumer safety is more closely examined. Consumer packaged goods (CPG) manufacturers should expect considerable support in food safety compliance from their packaging suppliers.
Flexible packaging, and the adhesives used in the construction of flexible packaging, plays a significant role in the global food safety conversation. The materials that make up flexible packaging help ensure that fatty foods, such as meat, cheese and seafood, are safe for consumption. Although adhesives generally make up less than 5 percent of flexible packaging, unintentional food contact may occur by migration through the packaging.
How EU Flexible Packaging Regulations Affect North America
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the use of adhesives in food packaging. The FDA's adhesive rules focus on the manufacturer's responsibility to use a suitable, approved adhesive for food packaging. FDA regulations for indirect food additives tend to focus on the food contact substance itself. Regulatory compliance for adhesives focuses more on the manufacturers of food packaging and finished food products that contain adhesives. FDA-compliant adhesives must follow FDA regulations 175.105 and 175.300, and be manufactured from pre-approved raw materials. Adhesive formulators create products from FDA's section 175.105-approved substance list.
A company may ask the FDA to review new adhesives under its Food Contact Notification Program. If the components of an adhesive do not meet the regulation requirements, and they migrate into the food contained in the packaging, the food is considered to be contaminated. Determining what is safe and fit for use in food packaging is an important and oftentimes long process for adhesive suppliers.
Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) requirements, used in conjunction with FDA regulations, are intended to keep from transferring anything to the food contained in the packaging. This is achieved by ensuring that all adhesives used in flexible food packaging are adequately cured, ensuring no adhesive components will migrate through the packaging and cause anything that could be hazardous to health or that changes the taste, odor or composition of the food.
Primary Aromatic Amines (PAA)
Primary aromatic amines (PAA) is a potential toxicological issue because of its identification as a carcinogenic substance. PAA is a potential, non-intentionally-added substance (NIAS) that can be found in flexible packaging and needs to be monitored to ensure it doesn't migrate into food at detectable levels. Adhesives, inks and coatings that contain polyurethanes are common components within the flexible packaging industry. PAA, although not a component of adhesive formulas, can be formed during the curing process. Trace amounts of adhesive isocyanate monomer within the adhesive formulation can react with existing moisture and create PAA that can then migrate into food and be consumed by the end user.
There are different reasons why a laminate might not end up fully cured, most often as a result of poor processing conditions. For example, low humidity and very cold temperatures could cause a package to cure more slowly or not at all. That is why understanding the total packaging process – from the handling of the materials, laminating, pouching, and final filling – is necessary to create a truly food safe package.
One-Day Food Safety and Nylon Technology
Migration Studies
Components of adhesives for use in food packaging that are not the subject of a food additive regulation may still be used if they are not reasonably expected to become a component of the food. A migration study (a lab test to see if a detectable amount of the chemical can be extracted into the food simulant) can be conducted to determine if a new raw material or adhesive will become a component.
In order to design a successful migration study, suppliers must:
 - Define which chemicals are likely to migrate;
 - Identify potential chemical material hazards;
 - Verify an appropriate detection limit based on potential exposure.
In order to successfully plan a migration study, the intended final use of the adhesive is required. Testing samples must be prepared under the same manufacturing conditions as the end use and take into account the type of food, processing temperatures, film types and thickness, amount of adhesive used, adhesive composition, and cure times.
Time, temperature and food type are important in interpreting how end use affects migration. As time and temperature in a package increases, migration potential also increases. Fatty foods, such as meat and cheese, enhance the migration of chemical substances.
Determining the potential for migration requires an understanding of the end use or type of food and the packaging structure. Adhesive safety is in part dependent on the packaging structure or barrier film used. Different films have different barrier properties depending on thickness, temperature, and food type.
Adhesive testing is usually tested on a final formulation and packaging type, not on individual raw materials or pure adhesive. Testing on specific structure and packaging type ensures that migration does not change due to changes in curing times, conditions, adhesive, and packaging type. Migration testing typically requires 10 or more days to conduct and usually employs sophisticated, computer-controlled instrumentation.
To learn about our flexible packaging solutions, click here. You can also learn more about food safe packaging here.
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H.B. Fuller - Connecting what matters.
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Becoming an Empathic Civilization
Jeremy Rifkin, economist and founder of The Foundation on Economic Trends, believes it is possible to expand the reach of our empathy to the entire human race, and beyond. He cites new research showing that humans are soft-wired with mirror neurons that cause us to empathize with one another. This emotion has evolved over time: What began as a feeling reserved for those of the same family has expanded to those of the same tribe, to religion, to nation.
- We Are Hard-Wired to Care and Connect: Recent research has shown that our brains are made to support caring, cooperation, and service.
- Video: Brett Dennen's Empathy Song: Musician Brett Dennen sings for the Mosaic Project, a program focused on building positive relationships based on respect.
- Compassion Comes First: Seattle makes a 10-year commitment to become a more compassionate city.
That means, we rely on support from our readers.
Independent. Nonprofit. Subscriber-supported.


Connecting to data in another Google Sheet
Now that you know how to combine multiple spreadsheets into one by linking data within the same sheet, let's learn to link data between two Google Sheets.
Use the IMPORTRANGE function, which looks like this:
The formula requires two variables:
 - The URL of the spreadsheet you want to pull data from. Copy this from the address bar of the sheet you're pulling data from and enclose it in quotes.
 - The sheet name and range (also enclosed in quotes) using similar syntax we saw back in the Cell-By-Cell reference section. You'll likely see a reference error, so you'll need to grant access to the current sheet.
Once you click Allow access (assuming you own both sheets or have edit access to both), the data gets pulled into the sheet:
The changes in the linked sheet eventually get updated (not instantly, but pretty close).
Importing data from another Google Sheet with Coefficient
Let's go over how Coefficient can help you combine multiple spreadsheets into one using an easier and more streamlined process.
Open the Google Sheets Add-ons menu, click Coefficient: Salesforce, Hubspot Data Connector, then Launch.
Click Import Data on the Coefficient pane.
Then, select Google Sheet.
Choosing google sheets
Choose any Google Sheet you want from your Google Drive or other documents you have shared access to.
For this example, let's pull up the same User Subscriptions list we used in the previous steps and click Select.
Coefficient takes a few seconds to access the data and read the column information. You'll then see an import panel and the option to filter the data as it comes in.
Import from a google sheet to a google sheet
For this example, add a filter for subscription numbers greater than 1025. You could use this to filter out inactive subscriptions or those with more than a certain number of users. Doing this with Coefficient is faster and simpler than the manual process on Google Sheets.
Once you're done, click Import.
Import Button
There you have it. Coefficient imports your data almost instantly, and you don't even need to deal with functions and formulas throughout the entire process.
So maybe now you're wondering, "How can I get Google Sheets to auto-update a reference to another sheet?
Coefficient has you covered since it lets you automatically refresh that data on a schedule, so you won't need to do it painstakingly and manually.
The IMPORTRANGE solution allows you to import entire columns at once, but you'll need to specify bounds for it or it will disrupt your dataset if your data moves too much.
Also, IMPORTRANGE doesn't offer a built-in way to filter data, so you'll need to do this separately.
Coefficient takes care of both problems for you by building the filter into the import, including importing any populated rows or columns seamlessly.
Another benefit to using Coefficient is when you want to generate reports for your presentations and don't want your data to be updated in real-time.
Your data gets automatically updated when you use the IMPORTRANGE function, and it happens as soon as the source spreadsheet data is changed.
This means that if you're preparing a presentation from a live document, you would need to either create a copy or the owner needs to stop updating the file while you finish your task.
You can already guess the confusion and disruption that can happen when many people work on the same document at the same time.
However, Coefficient can sync on demand, saving you from these challenges. You can do a final sync and then prepare your presentation materials without the source data changing or the linked tables getting rewritten and blowing up your spreadsheet in the process.
The methods introduced in this guide helps you streamline the process of linking spreadsheet data between multiple Google Sheets.
As you link multiple Google Sheets together, allowing the files to interact with each other automatically, you can increase your productivity and the accuracy of your data.
With the amount of stress, frustration, and manpower expense you'll shave off by automating the process of linking your sheets, you can focus on running your business better.
Try Coefficient for free today!


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with a vapor pressure of less than 10-6 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) will tend to remain in soil; above 10-6 mm Hg, the contaminant will tend to volatilize into the atmosphere.
- Henry's Law Constant combines water solubility with vapor pressure to describe how easilya contaminant in water or wet soil will volatilize to the atmosphere. Contaminants with aHenry's Law Constant higher than 10-3 atmospheres per cubic meter per mole (atm-m3/mole)are expected to easily volatilize; from 10-3 to 10-5 atm-m3/mole are expected to have moderatevolatilization; and below 10-5 atm-m3/mole are not expected to volatilize from water or wet soil.
- Specific Gravity measures the density of a contaminant in comparison to water. A contaminant that is not dissolved in water and has a specific gravity of greater than 1 is heavier than water and will tend to sink. A chemical that is not dissolved in water and has a specific gravity of less than 1 is lighter than water and will tend to float.
- Organic Carbon Partition Coefficient reflects the likelihood of a contaminant to remainadsorbed, or adhered, to soil. Normal ranges are from 1 to 107 milliliters per gram (mL/g).Lower values indicate a lower tendency to adhere to soil and higher values indicate a greatertendency to adhere to the soil. Contaminants with a low organic partition coefficient tend to be more mobile in the environment.
|Contaminant||Water Solubility (ppm)||Vapor Pressure (mm Hg)||Henry's Law Constant |
|Specific Gravity (unitless)||Organic Carbon Partition Coefficient (mL/g)|
|Hydrazine||miscible||10||no data||1.01||no data|
|NDMA||>100,000||0.1||no data||1.0||no data|
|Hexavalent Chromium||insoluble||negligible||not available||7.1||not available|
Migration and Degradation Processes
As contaminants move through the environment, contaminant concentrations decrease. Thisdecrease results from the physical process occurring during migration or chemical interactions andbiological processes that change or degrade the contaminant into new forms of chemicals. Physicalmigration and chemical degradation processes that may be occurring at AFP PJKS include:
Physical Migration Processes
- Molecular Diffusion is the random motion of chemical molecules from areas of highconcentration to areas of low concentration. An example of molecular diffusion is dripping redfood color into a still bowl of water. Initially, there is a small area with a deep red color, over time, however, all the water in the bowl becomes an even pink color.
- Turbulent Diffusion is the random motion of the air or water containing a chemical to move the chemical from areas of high concentration to low concentration. Turbulent diffusion occurs when red food color is dripped into a bowl of still water which is then stirred. All the water in the bowl quickly becomes an even pink color. Turbulent diffusion occurs in streams and rivers as water flows downstream and, to a lesser extent, in groundwater as water flows through pores and fractures.
- Dilution is the addition of uncontaminated water or air to an area of contamination. Dilution would occur when a bowl containing clear water is poured into a bowl containing pink water. The combination of water would become a paler pink. Another example is a stream with no surface water contamination flowing into a stream with surface water contamination. The resulting larger stream would have a lower surface water contaminant concentration.
Chemical Degradation Processes
- Hydrolysis is the interaction between a contaminant and water, either surface water or groundwater, to form new chemicals.
- Photolysis, or photodegradation, is the breaking of bonds that hold a contaminant together by the energy, or heat, in sunlight to form new chemicals.
- Biodegradation is the conversion of a contaminant by organisms, such as bacteria or fungi, toform new chemicals. Chlorinated compounds, such as TCE, are less likely to be biodegradedversus non-chlorinated compounds, such as hydrazine.
Fate and Transport of Site-Specific Contaminants
Understanding the chemical and physical properties for site-specific contaminants and potentialdegradation processes provides a basis for evaluating the overall fate and transport of contaminantsat AFP PJKS, as discussed below. Site-specific conditions, such as soil characteristics andgroundwater depth, will also impact contaminant fate and transport. The 1990 RemedialInvestigation and the 1999 Supplemental Remedial Investigation provide a more detailed evaluationof the fate and transport of contaminants at AFP PJKS.
TCE has been detected in on-site groundwater (to a maximum of 11,000 parts per billion [ppb]) andsurface water (to 22 ppb) at PJKS. Lower levels were measured off site. TCE is a colorless liquidwith a sweet odor and is mainly used as a solvent to remove grease from machinery parts. The watersolubility value of 1,000 ppm indicates that once released, TCE will dissolve readily in surfacewater or groundwater. Once in surface water or groundwater, two factors (Henry's Law Constantand the organic carbon partition coefficient) influence how TCE will migrate with surface water orgroundwater or migrate to other media, such as air or soil. The Henry's Law Constant is above 10-3,and indicates that TCE easily volatilizes to the air. TCE will volatilize to air from surface waterfaster than it will from groundwater because TCE in surface water is in direct contact with theatmosphere. Interactions between TCE and natural components of the atmosphere quickly degradeTCE into other chemicals. Studies have found that once in the atmosphere, approximately one halfof the TCE is degraded within one week. This degradation time, however, varies depending on theseason and temperature. TCE in groundwater will volatilize to the air found in soil and eventually tothe atmosphere. The organic carbon partition coefficient is low, indicating that TCE will only adhereto soil to a small degree. TCE, therefore, would be expected to be transported with water along thegroundwater or surface water flow pathways.
Chemical reactions in the air will quickly degrade TCE. Studies have found that hydrolysis andphotolysis do not substantially contribute to TCE degradation. Biodegradation does occur, but isminimal.
At PJKS, hydrazine (to 2,000 ppb on site) has been detected in the groundwater in the alluvium nearthe D-1 Test Stands. Hydrazine is a clear, colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor and was oftenused as a component of rocket fuel or an additive to boiler water to reduce corrosion. Hydrazine'swater solubility is considered miscible, which means that an unlimited amount of hydrazine candissolve in water. As such, hydrazine released to either surface water or groundwater is expected tocompletely dissolve. Because hydrazine is very soluble in water, a high vapor pressure and Henry'sLaw Constant are needed for volatilization from water to occur. Hydrazine has a moderately highvapor pressure, indicating that volatilization from soil and water is likely. Although there are notenough data to determine the Henry's Law Constant, laboratory studies show that hydrazine inwater does readily volatilize. There are not enough data to determine the organic carbon partitioncoefficient for hydrazine, therefore, it is unknown how adherence to soil may influence hydrazinemovement in groundwater.
Once in air, hydrazine is completely degraded within a few minutes or hours by chemical reactionswith components of the atmosphere. In water and soil, chemical reactions with oxygen andbiodegradation will breakdown hydrazine. The primary chemical reaction in water producesnitrogen gas and water. In oxygen deficient waters, ammonia may also be produced. The rate atwhich the processes occur depend on site-specific conditions such as water quality and soilcharacteristics.
N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) (to 42 ppb) was detected in groundwater in the alluvium andbedrock along the East Fork area of AFP PJKS. NDMA, which is a breakdown product ofhydrazine, is a yellow, oily liquid with a faint odor. Similar to hydrazine, NDMA has a high watersolubility indicating that NDMA detected in groundwater is likely completely dissolved.Volatilization to air from water is expected because NDMA has a moderately high vapor pressure.Currently, there are not enough data to determine the Henry's Law Constant or organic carbonpartition coefficient. The tendency for NDMA to volatilize from water or adhere to soil, therefore, isunclear. NDMA, however, could be expected to move with groundwater flow based on its highwater solubility.
Hexavalent chromium has been detected in groundwater downgradient of the Inactive Site at theLockheed Martin Astronautics property surrounding AFP PJKS. Chromium, usually as trivalentchromium, is a naturally occurring element in the environment. Hexavalent chromium is generally produced by industrial processes. Hexavalent chromium is not found in the environment as anindividual molecule but as part of a compound, such as calcium chromate or potassium chromate.Hexavalent chromium is considered insoluble in water. If released to water, only very small amount


Faux Banksia Vase v.2.0 (2019)
Glazed stoneware with 24kt gold overglaze decals
57 x 10 x 10 cm
Over the course of studio practice of the artist, she has used light to attract and locate the viewer, to provide an unexpected sense of discovery, and to address notions of conceptual and intellectual illumination. Her work explores the material and immaterial through the creation of a 'drawing' in light and shadow. Creating pieces that demonstrate the space where only light exists is as important as the object that defines it. Interested in how elements such as fired clay, glass and gold may be brought into conjunction with each other, she creates novel forms and experiences for the viewer to encounter. Without depicting a specific event, object or place, she aims to capture a sense of the sublime in order to hold the viewer's attention and trigger their imagination.
Praça do Tap Seac, Edif. do Instituto Cultural, Macau
tel | 28366866
fax | 28366899
email |


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The Children and Youth in Broadcasting, Curious Minds Ghana which aims at promoting
the development of young people through meaningful engagements interacted with
youth and health officers from different institutions on health data governance in
Ghana. This event was in Tamale in the Northern Region, and as part of the global
commemoration of Digital Health Week which was from 10th - 16th October 2022.
The workshop and colloquium organised to provide more insights into the digital health
agenda for all, brought together youth advocates from various CSOs, students, data
and information managers, and health professionals, among others.
In a presentation by Michael Tetteh Doku who is the project colead in this
engagement, it was emphasised that as health systems get more digitised, there is the
need for a standardised framework which countries can comply with, right at the
global front. That is to say, a global health data framework is needed to govern the
digital health system across the different countries, especially those that are member
States of the World Health Organisation.
He further presented the three objectives of the digital health principles which included;
- Protecting people. Thus, protecting individuals and communities to build trust in
data systems and to also ensure data security.
- Prioritise equity, which is to promote equitable benefits from health data,
establish data rights and ownership as well as
- Promote health value by facilitating innovation in the process of using health
Meanwhile, participants in group discussions and presentations expressed their worries
with regards to their health data and its governance at the various health facilities in
the region and other parts of the country based on the experiences they have had.
One of the statements in the presentations was that "we give out a lot of information
without knowing where it ends and are concerned because people are easily
stigmatised in the kind of cultural environment we are in". While others made it clear in
their submissions that they mostly do not have access to their own data after they have
been collected and sometimes, have little to no idea of the conditions they are diagnosed with.
Further interactions revealed that participants cared about their health data especially,
who is collecting it, the means of collection and why it is being collected, after they
have received the services they require because the urgent need for healthcare in
many severe instances becomes much more important than anything else. Some of the
worrying experiences was how certain clients do not get any access to their data to
know what their conditions are after gaining consciousness in the process of service
A health information officer that participated in the workshop however clarified that,
the information provided by the clients in the health facilities often ends with the
facilities but have different departments collecting and storing or securing. Therefore,
individuals can be sure of who is keeping the data but with issues of cyber security and
crime, the systems are not so robust to ensure absolute safety and protection of
patients and their data because some providers and personnel responsible for the
security of the data end up breaching the ethics. Aside from that, he explained that the
Ghana Health Service has some systems in place to keep the data collected in the
public facilities but that differs from the softwares and systems used by the private
In the quest to improve the health data governance because digital health is
becoming the norm of the day, participants in the workshop suggested that the dignity
of clients must be a priority to avoid subjecting anyone to stigma because of conditions
society term as shameful.
Also, agreeing that once the information is given out, there is not much control over it,
they require that some level of ownership is given to them in a form of seeking consent if
the health data would be used and should mostly be disclosed without the individual's
The colloquium and workshop also saw the young people from the different institutions
as advocates agreeing to a youth statement that calls on the Minister of Health to
advocate for the country to sign onto the draft Member State Letter, to be submitted to
the WHO in requesting the Board for the inclusion of health data governance and
proposed health data governance resolution, on the agenda of the Executive Board Meeting in January 2023 and the World Health Assembly in May 2023.


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A dot map, also known as a dot distribution map or a dot density map, uses dots (or any other small shape) to mark the distribution of data over a geographical region. The point may represent a single unit, or may be keyed to represent multiple units. Differently sized points can also be used to indicate higher/lower frequency in an area, provided a legend is shown. Different shapes can also be used on a single map to indicate additional information.
Dot maps can provide useful information based on the pattern of clusters formed. Overlapping points may make the map difficult to read.


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A Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP),, is defined as a tuple, where:
The assignment of value to variable will be denoted by. Any tuple can be viewed as a set of value to variable assignments. The set of variables over which a tuple is defined will be denoted by. For any subset of, denotes the sub-tuple of that includes only assignments to the variables in. Any two tuples and of can be ordered by the lexicographic ordering. In this ordering, iff there a exists a subset of such that and. An assignment is consistent, if for all constraints, where,. A solution to a CSP is a consistent assignment to all variables in. If there exists a solution for a given CSP, we say that the CSP is soluble. Otherwise, it is insoluble.
A basic way of solving CSPs is by using backtracking search. This can be seen as a traversal of a search tree which comprises of the possible assignments of values to variables. Each level of the tree corresponds to a variable. A node in the search tree corresponds to a tuple (i.e. an assignment of values to variables). The root of the tree corresponds to the empty tuple, the first level nodes correspond to 1-tuples (an assignment of a value to one variable), the second level nodes correspond to 2-tuples (assignment of values to two variables generated by extending the first level 1-tuples) etc. At each stage of the search tree traversal, the variables that have been already assigned are called past variables. The most recently assigned variable is called current variable. The variables that have not been assigned yet are called future variables.
In the rest of this paper we will use the notation for the number of variables in a CSP, for the number of constraints in the problem, for the maximum domain size of the variables, and for the maximum arity of the constraints.


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Science is about humanity's search for the answers to fundamental questions ranging from 'Why is the speed of light the same for all observers' to 'Can I eat that?'.
Two years into my graduate school career I now feel secure in knowing that I helped to contribute my little part to our collective understanding of things eating other things, as well as why you should not think too hard when eating oysters.
My part of all this is a just-published paper with the snappy title "High turnover of faecal microbiome from algal feedstock experimental manipulations in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)". If you don't feel like reading the whole thing here's the tldr;
- If you change the diet of an oyster its gut microbiome will change quickly, on the time scale of a week or so.
- Different oysters will respond to changes in diet in very similar ways, at least with what is in their gut microbiome.
- This is of relevance as it implies that if any probiotics are developed for improving oyster crops in aquaculture then they can be quickly an uniformly incorporated into multiple oyster gut microbiomes.
Actually, I would recommend cooking oysters.


Tot Style
Myself Belts - Belts Kids Can Fasten Themselves Print E-mail
myselfbeltsmyself-belts Most toddlers "do it myself!" ideas send parents running for the hills - or at least to the nearest hardware store to load up on enough childproof gear to cover any big ideas your little tot might have. But there are some things we wish our kids could do all by themselves - undress quickly enough to use the bathroom without any assistance, for instance?
Look no further than Myself Belts, the greatest pants-keeper-upper since, well, the normal belt. Without the hassle of buckles and loops, these ingenious belts attach themselves to the child's belt loop, and let kids do the rest. Myself Belts close with a secure velcro front that allows for easy opening and closing, so that Mom no longer becomes the bathroom gate keeper.
myselfbelts-designs Give your child a sense of independence, especially during the potty-training stage, when learning to "do it yourself" is crucial. And for a little added fun, Myself Belts don't just come in brown leather but also in ABCs, sailboats, fire trucks, and more adorable patterns.
Next time your child asks to do something independently, make sure his idea involves a Myself Belt, and not a hose, soap, and the dog!


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In this quick tutorial you'll learn how to draw Poliwag in 6 easy steps - great for kids and novice artists.
The images above represents how your finished drawing is going to look and the steps involved.
Below are the individual steps - you can click on each one for a High Resolution printable PDF version.
At the bottom you can read some interesting facts about the Poliwag.
Make sure you also check out any of the hundreds of drawing tutorials grouped by category.
How to Draw Poliwag - Step-by-Step Tutorial
Interesting Facts about the Poliwag
Poliwag is a two-feet-tall water-type Pokemon, with a round body that is marked with a swirling pattern in its middle. Their eyes are wide and dark, and their lips are pink and often seem to be pouting. The most interesting feature of this Pokemon, however, could be its large fin-like tail. They look a lot like tadpoles. The spiral in the center of its body is thought to be effected by their proximity to the equator, which can cause it to face different directions. Because they are not very good on land and have no arms with which to feed themselves outside of water, they tend to stay in ponds and lakes, where they can dine on their favorite weed, salveyo weed. They are much better swimmers than runners.
Did you know?
- The spiral on a Poliwag's belly is actually its internal organs, being seen through the skin.
- Poliwag Pokemon cannot run with their newly-developed legs.
- Even though their skin is very thin, it is quite flexible and can withstand even the sharpest of fangs.
- Their tails are mostly transparent.
- It's recommended for Pokemon trainers to try and work with their Poliwag to better teach them how to walk.
Arts and Crafts Activity Notes: Using flour and water, create a paper-mache glue. Stir in water to flour until the glue makes a paste-like consistency. Inflate a balloon, tie it off and then begin applying the paper mache to the entire surface of the balloon using shredded pieces of paper. After applying three to four layers, set the balloon aside to dry. During this time, draw and color in the tail for your Poliwag on a sheet of paper. Cut it out carefully with safety scissors. Once the paper-mache on the balloon has dried, paint the surface of it with a non-toxic light blue paint, leaving a large circle in the middle uncovered. Add white to that spot later, and let dry. Once this first layer of paint has dried, add the black spiral to the Poliwag's midsection. Paint on eyes and a mouth as well. Carefully as to avoid getting paint on your hands or tearing the paper mache, use either glue or tape to fix the tail to your covered balloon. And now you have your very own Poliwag!


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© Mídia Ninja
written by Deirdre de Burca, Forus Advocacy coordinator
The political slogan "power to the people "is currently playing out across many countries of the world. In Europe and globally, social movements are manifesting and becoming active. Ordinary people are taking to the streets, articulating their concerns, calling for action and using various forms of protest to try to disrupt traditional thinking and behaviour. An extensive analysis from Deirdre de Burca, Forus Advocacy coordinator to explain why NGOs should engage more with social movements.
NGOs around the world are currently reflecting on how they can best connect and engage with the social movements active in their countries. Many believe that social movements regard NGOs as "part of the system" and irrelevant to their activities.
For this reason, the European civil society alliance "SDG Watch Europe" recently organised a day-long capacity training day for its national members including a session on "Connecting and Engaging with Social Movements".
I was pleased to be present on behalf of Forus for this session. This allowed me to hear what the representatives of a social movement and citizen's association active in Belgium have to say about the possibilities for working more closely with NGOs. These were Extinction Rebellion (_URL_ and Citizen's Platform for Refugee Support (_URL_
The discussion was well structured and addressed the following questions:
- What kind of role do social movements play in the implementation of sustainability? Is sustainability reflected in their strategies and in what way?
- Where do their successes lie, and what are their limits?
- How can CSOs engage, interact, and partner with social movements in a meaningful, mutually beneficial way?
The exchange of views between the two social movements and the NGOs present was wide-ranging and extremely interesting, A summary of the key insights I gathered from this exchange are as follows:
- The work of many social movements promotes sustainability in all its dimensions – social, environmental, economic and governance. These movements want to play their part in helping to promote a massive planetary shift towards a more sustainable future (eg Extinction Rebellion focuses on the climate emergency facing humanity and Citizen's Platform for Refugee Response supports refugees escaping conflict and climate changerelated crises in their countries).
- Social movements recognise that their agility, flexibility and responsiveness are essential to their success. They recognise that a much greater level of formality and even "bureaucracy" applies the functioning and decision-making of NGOs Social movements are not interested in collaborating more closely with NGOs if this will compromise their flexibility and speed of action and response.
- Extinction Rebellion and other social movements engage in different forms of civil disobedience as part of their campaigns of disruption linked to public awareness raising and to pressurising political systems. They recognise that many NGOs are prohibited from engaging in acts of civil disobedience linked to donor and funding conditions.
- Social movements believe that there are numerous ways in which NGOs can be more supportive of their actions and campaigns. Social movements feel they could benefit from NGOs sharing some of their resources with them – including meeting rooms, technical equipment, funding and expertise.
- Social movements believe that the pressure their disruptive campaigning and actions bring to bear on politicians subsequently creates more "space" for the policy and advocacy work of NGOs which is directed at political systems to be more effective.
- Social movements are less likely to approach NGOs regarding the possibility of closer collaboration than the other way around. NGOs are therefore better placed to do outreach to social movements and to begin discussions about the scope that exists for greater co-operation.
In summary, closer collaboration between NGOs and social movements could be very mutually beneficial. NGOs are likely to benefit from the increased credibility and legitimacy linked to working alongside grassroots social movements. On the other hand, social movements would benefit from having access, through NGOs, to assets which they do not possess such as meeting spaces, technical equipment, funding, and policy and technical expertise.
NGOs may need to initiate contact with the social movements in order to discuss what kind of collaboration is possible. It will be important for both actors to remember that their roles should be complementary and based on a strong respect for each other's differences.
If NGOs can support the campaigns and actions of social movements without trying to control them, it is likely that significant benefits will accrue. These benefits will include greater public legitimacy and credibility for NGOs, as well as encouraging political systems to be more open to engaging with their policy and advocacy work.


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Learn how to say Erector correctly in English with this tutorial pronunciation video.
Oxford dictionary definition of the word erector:
a person or thing that erects something.
a muscle which maintains an erect state of a part of the body or an erect posture of the body:
a spinal erector
(Erector) North American trademark a construction toy consisting of components for making model buildings and vehicles:
an Erector set


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This report describes the results of a study in response to the FY2014 Vehicle Technologies program DE-FOA-_PHONE_ solicitation for fuel economy improvement of cars and trucks (Area of interest 11: powertrain friction and wear reduction). It stated, "parasitic losses within vehicle engines and drivetrains are responsible for approximately two million barrels of oil consumption per day in the US. These losses are caused by friction between components, movement of components through fluids, and movement of fluids through components". The objective of the study is to develop and demonstrate friction and wear reduction technologies for light duty vehicles that improve fuel efficiency of legacy vehicles by at least 2%, without adverse impacts on vehicle performance or durability.
- Contact us


University of Cambridge > Talks.cam > Inner Space, The Meditation Centre > A New Consciousness - An interactive series of talks
A New Consciousness - An interactive series of talks
What is the old consciousness and what is 'a new consciousness'? Can we improve the world without paying attention to our consciousness? In what ways would this new consciousness affect out lives and society? Does our present day society and education system address this subject of consciousness? Do they have understanding of this? How can this new consciousness be achieved? Is it easy?
Join series of interactive talks with Dr Prashant Kakoday to explore these answers and more on A New Consciousness.
Prashant is based in Cambridge and has a background in surgery and integrated health. His main interest is in the relationship between the psyche, emotions, behaviour and health. He has spoken on subjects such as these in many countries and institutions, including the W.H.O. and the Medical Teaching Program within the U.S.A.
All welcome, free of charge.
Tell a friend about this talk:
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View Medieval Travel Lies
As the western Roman empire declined during the fourth and fifth centuries AD, Europe lost contact with the rest of the world. Classical knowledge of the outside world receded, and what emerged in its place was a peculiar mixture of fact and fiction. European scholars inhabited the lands to their east with unicorns, cyclops, and other fantastic creatures. One persistent rumor spoke of the barbarian tribes of Gog and Magog whom Alexander the Great had supposedly imprisoned behind giant brass gates somewhere in the East. It was said that the escape of Gog and Magog would signal the imminent end of the world.
With the gradual revival of commerce during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, Europeans once more began to venture beyond their borders and returned to tell of what they had seen. But these travellers, upon their return from faraway lands, seldom gave what we would consider to be factual accounts. Instead, they related bizarre stories that confirmed the existence of the imaginary kingdoms and creatures that Europeans had so long dreamed about and feared. We can only assume that these travel lies were another manifestation of the medieval preference for allegorical truths over literal ones.
Examples of Medieval Travel Lies
The Letter of Prester John
He was a Christian King rumored to have an empire in the East. The crusaders kept waiting for him to ride in with his cavalry and save the day, but for some reason he never showed up.
Did Marco Polo really travel to China, as he claimed? If he did, then why did he fail to notice the Great Wall of China?
The Travels of Sir John Mandeville
He's known as the greatest liar of all time. The narrative of his travels certainly stretches credibility.
The Lost Island of Hi-Brazil
For centuries the island of Hi-Brazil existed only in legends. Then someone claimed to have actually found the place.


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NASS Dairy Products Prices; how does that work?
Over the years some confusion surrounding the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) Dairy Products Prices (DPP) program and the use of these data in the class price formulas.
Why are NASS's DPP reports used in the Agricultural Marketing Service's (AMS) class price formulas? How are the NASS reports compiled? Is there a magic formula used to generate the NASS DPP reports? What prevents manufacturing plants from misreporting or manipulating the prices?
Prior to the 1996 Farm Bill, USDA's AMS used the Basic Formula Price (BFP) to determine Federal Order minimum Class III milk prices. Price differentials were added to the BFP to establish minimum prices for Class I and Class II milk. The BFP was based on a monthly survey of prices paid for manufacturing grade (Grade B) milk in Minnesota and Wisconsin which established a Base Month Price. The BFP was then calculated by adjusting the preceding month's Base Month Price by a formula to reflect the most recent changes in cheddar cheese prices.
In 1996, due to concerns regarding the cheddar cheese price data from the now closed National Cheese Exchange, AMS asked NASS to implement a survey to provide accurate and timely information on cheddar cheese prices. NASS began collecting weekly data on cheddar cheese sales, volumes and prices, and published the first set of numbers for the week ending March 7, 1997. The NASS cheddar cheese prices were then used by AMS as an input for computation of the BFP, until the 1996 Farm Bill became law. The bill changed language in the USDA's FMMO Reform Final Rule to include the following statement, "commodity prices (cheddar cheese, butter, dry whey, and nonfat dry milk) determined by surveys conducted by USDA's NASS will be used in the formulas that replace the BFP." NASS published the first set of data on butter, nonfat dry milk, and dry whey for week ending September 5, 1998.
NASS continues to collect and publish this information under contract for AMS.
Each week, NASS statisticians receive data from all plants in the U.S. that produce and sell more than 1 million pounds annually of any of the qualifying products (Cheddar 40 blocks, Cheddar 500 barrels, butter, nonfat dry milk, and dry whey) according to AMS's reporting criteria. There are several reporting criteria for each individual product. For example, all sales priced more than 30 days in advance are excluded from reporting.
Products of interest must meet strict grade standards (Grade AA butter, Extra Grade dry whey, etc) along with several other strict pricing criteria that ensure prices represent the weekly wholesale commodity price for initial product sale. Each product must adhere to strict product specifications for example cheddar cheese; prices are only collected for 40 pound blocks and 500 barrels, eliminating price differentials for product sizes.
Manufacturers must also exclude specialty types of cheddar like organic, aged, or faith-based products.
Every Wednesday, manufacturers are required by law to submit, no later than noon, their qualifying total sales volume and total dollars received for the previous 7-day period ending on Saturday. All reports received from manufacturers are summed together for total volume and total dollars then divided to calculate regional and national average prices.
Once each year, statisticians from NASS sit down with each reporter to ensure they understand all program requirements, products specifications, and misreporting penalties. Each reporter also indicates their understanding of the product specifications weekly. AMS conducts on-site report verifications of all reporting plants; they audit plants under authority from the mandatory reporting law. All plants have been through a least two verifications, with some plants experiencing as many as seven since the verification program was established. Discrepancies are issued, tracked, and addressed to prevent continued misreporting. AMS has broader regulatory authority if misreporting persists.
Prices that NASS publishes each Friday at 8:30am ET represent wholesale commodity sales completed in the previous week. Based on the reporting requirements and AMS's verification program, the value of the dairy products prices used in the Federal Market Order pricing formulas are accurate. Whether we agree or disagree with the current pricing process, dairymen should be confident NASS is generating the most accurate components possible, based on the current laws guiding the program.


Browse Dictionary by Letter
Dictionary Suite
slashing severe and merciless. [4 definitions]
slattern an unkempt, careless woman. [2 definitions]
slaughterhouse a building or establishment where animals are killed and butchered.
slave one who is owned by and forced to work for another with no pay or personal rights. [4 definitions]
slave driver an employer or supervisor who is very harsh or severe. [2 definitions]
slaveholder one who possesses slaves.
slaver1 to allow saliva to drip from the mouth; slobber; drool. [3 definitions]
slaver2 a slave trader or a ship used to transport slaves.
slavery the ownership of one or more persons by another or others; bondage. [4 definitions]
slave trade buying and selling human beings as slaves.
Slavic a branch of the Indo-European language family that includes languages of parts of Russia, eastern Europe, and south central Europe, such as Ukrainian, Polish, and Serbo-Croatian. [2 definitions]
slavish of, like, or befitting a slave; servile; submissive. [2 definitions]
slaw a salad of cabbage and dressing; coleslaw.
slay to kill or murder deliberately and usu. violently. [2 definitions]
sleazy base or disreputable. [2 definitions]


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More Slideshows From petMD
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What's New Dog Cat
The Cure for Achy Joints
Just because your pet has arthritis doesn't mean they are necessarily incapable of exercising. Staying active actually helps many arthritic pets that suffer from achy bones and joints. It is, however, vital you follow these five exercise tips before you begin an exercise routine with your pet.
1. Consult Your Veterinarian First
A veterinarian will be better able to assist you in combining of exercise, diet, and medications or therapies which are targeted for your pet's individual needs. A veterinarian can also help monitor your pet's progress and identify any serious changes in health.
2. Go Low-impact
Light activities such as walking and swimming help strengthen muscles, keep ligaments and tendons flexible, prevent obesity and circulate blood to stiff joints. Keep them short but regular — 15-30 minutes of activities five days a week is a great start. Swimming is especially great for dogs with arthritis because the water supports much of the bodyweight and inhibits sudden excessive movements. Cats with arthritis, meanwhile, may not be as keen to get in the water but can participate in short sessions of gentle play. Just remember to avoid activities in which your dog or cat has to leap, jump, turn quickly or run. They can cause damage to your pet's joints.
3. Warm Up
A minute or two of walking or gentle playing before initiating low-impact exercise activities will help pets with arthritis move easier. It also helps reduce sprains, cramps, and muscle injuries as well as gradually increases their heart rate. If your pet is reluctant to start moving because of aching joints, try a little incentive like a small healthy treat or positive affection (petting, hugging, etc.). A positive exercise experience is a happy one.
4. Cool Down
Cool down periods are just as important as warming up for exercise. As your pet completes the exercise routine, they may be all wound up — jumping, running, or rough-housing. This is not good and can in fact be harmful. Try to calm them down and gradually reduce their heart rate to an optimal resting place. Cooling down also reduces stiffness and soreness by assisting the removal of lactic acids in the body. Massaging during "cool downs" improves the stiffness and muscle pain associated with arthritis too.
5. Watch for Signs of Exertion
Be sure to watch for heavy panting, pain or other signs of overexertion. If they do occur stop the activity immediately and consult a veterinarian. Pushing forward with the exercising can cause injury, especially if your pet isn't accustomed to a lot of activity.
Most Read Health Articles


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Grammatical analysis of Sanskrit segment
Analysis of "bhrājaka"
Note: this is an experimental feature and shows only the first possible analysis of the sentence. If the system was successful in translating the segment, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.
Grammatical analysis of the Sanskrit text: "bhrājaka"—
- bhrājaka -
bhrājaka (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]bhrājaka (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]
Extracted glossary definitions: Bhrajaka
Alternative transliteration: bhrajaka, [Devanagari/Hindi] भ्राजक, [Bengali] ভ্রাজক, [Gujarati] ભ્રાજક, [Kannada] ಭ್ರಾಜಕ, [Malayalam] ഭ്രാജക, [Telugu] భ్రాజక
"bhrājaka" in the Sanskrit language represents a word or a combination of words (such as Nouns, Adjectives, Pronouns, etc.). This section shows references to Sanskrit literature where this segment of Sanskrit text occurs, by literally searching for this piece of text.
Section 11 < [Chapter 12: doṣabhedīya-adhyāya]
Section 16 < [Chapter 12: doṣabhedīya-adhyāya]
Verse 126.96.36.199 < [Chapter 50]
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Analyze Formal Requirements of an Electric Vehicle Charger Locking Mechanism
This example uses a Requirements Table block to define a set of formal requirements used by a model of an electric vehicle charger locking system. After creating formal requirements for the locking system, you analyze the requirements for issues that can prevent the requirements from being complete and consistent. Once you identify the issues, you adjust the requirements.
When charging an electric vehicle, the charging port of the vehicle can be exposed to high voltages, which can be dangerous to consumers without proper safeguards. Electric chargers and vehicles deploy locking mechanisms to prevent customers from being exposed to these voltages. To ensure the locking mechanism activates and deactivates without creating hazards, the charging station provides signals to the vehicle before, during, and after charging. The vehicle uses those signals to determine when the charging cord can be unlocked and is safe to handle.
View the Formal Requirements
Open the model,
This model adapts the signals used by the charging station from the standard SAE J1772. To capture the signals, the Requirements Table block uses six input ports that are associated with input data of the same name. See Define Data in Requirements Table Blocks.
The input data are:
ChargeStatus: The charging status of the vehicle. The status indicates that the vehicle is not charging (
NotCharging), charging (
ChargeStart), shutting down (
NrmlShutDown), or performing an emergency shut down (
EvseType: If the vehicle is compatible with the charging station or not. The vehicle can be
Incompatible, or undecided (
PilotStatus: The pilot status of the charging station. The pilot status indicates if the charging station is on standby (
A), if the charging station detects the vehicle (
B), if the charging station detects the vehicle and that the vehicle is ready to charge (
C), if the charging station detects the vehicle and that the vehicle is ready for charging in a ventilated area (
D), or if there is an error (
Deach have two substates. Substate
1indicates that the charging station is not ready to charge, and substate
2indicates that the charging station is ready to charge.
SessionStopResMsg: Whether the termination of the charging session has been acknowledged by the charging station (
Received) or not (
Vinlet: The voltage of the charging port measured by the vehicle.
LockCommand: The status of the lock. The lock can either be
The block uses the value of the input data to set the Type property of the data to an enumerated value specified in a MATLAB® program file. For example, the
ChrgStat.m file contains the available statuses for the
Open the block to view the requirements. The Requirements tab lists three simple requirements:
The electric vehicle shall lock the cord in place if the electric vehicle supply equipment is compatible.
The electric vehicle shall unlock the cord if the acknowledge terminate charging session signal is received and the vehicle measures an input voltage that is less than
60V during normal shutdown procedures.
The electric vehicle shall unlock the cord if the pilot status is not ready and the vehicle measures an input voltage that is less than
60V during an emergency shutdown.
Each requirement specifies the checked conditions the Precondition column. If the requirement precondition is satisfied, the block then verifies that the appropriate locking status occurs in the postconditions, specified in the Postcondition column. For example, in the first requirement, the specified precondition checks if the vehicle type is compatible. If true, the block checks if the cord is locked, specified in the postcondition.
Analyze the Requirements for Issues
After creating a requirement set in the block, confirm that the requirements uniquely define the data captured, stored, and generated by the block. In this example, you use Simulink® Design Verifier™ to detect issues in your requirement set for you. These issues are adapted from the ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148 standard. In this example, Simulink Design Verifier detects two kinds of issues:
Inconsistency Issues: The block detects a scenario where the data can equal more than one value during simulation.
Incompleteness Issues: The block detects a scenario where the data is not defined during simulation.
To analyze the table, in the Table tab, in the Analyze section, click Analyze Table.
Update the Requirements
To resolve the issues, you need to update the requirements. For example, to alleviate the inconsistency issue, update the precondition in the first requirement so that the charge status must be charging and the charger must be compatible with the vehicle.
After updating the precondition, run the analysis again to confirm that you have fixed the inconsistency issue.
This update does not resolve the incompleteness issues. To do that, the requirements must specify values for the data defined in the block throughout the simulation. Iterate through updating and analyzing the requirements to resolve these remaining issues.
Open the model
CordLockReqTable_v2 and open the Requirements Table block to see an example of a complete requirement set.
The table includes additional input data,
ChargePlug, that specifies if the cord is plugged into the vehicle (
Plugged) or not (
NotPlugged). The requirement set also includes five additional requirements. To improve readability, the requirements have been rewritten to use additional column headers.
When you design requirements, you must consider the physical limitations of your system. For example, if you develop a requirement that specifies a diameter, you must ensure the diameter cannot be negative. To account for the physical limitations of the system, specify assumptions in the Assumptions tab. See Add Assumptions to Requirements. In this example, the Requirements Table block includes three assumptions.
If the pilot status is on standby (
A), then the car is not charging.
If the vehicle is not compatible with the charger, then the vehicle is not charging.
If the charger is not plugged in, then the vehicle is not charging.
To view the assumptions, click the Assumptions tab.
If you run the analysis on this requirement set, Simulink Design Verifier does not detect issues.
 Hybrid - EV Committee, "SAE Electric Vehicle and Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Conductive Charge Coupler" (SAE International), accessed December 21, 2021, _URL_
 "29148-2018 - ISO/IEC/IEEE International Standard - Systems and Software Engineering -- Life Cycle Processes -- Requirements Engineering" (IEEE), accessed December 21, 2021, _URL_


Intel gives away lip-reading speech recognition code
Lip service
Intel has released lip-reading visual speech recognition software under an open source licence.
Called Audio Visual Speech Recognition (AVSR), the software is part of Intel's OpenCV computer vision and facial recognition code library. Essentially, it tracks the speaker's mouth movements as individual character and syllable sounds are formed. Intel reckons the technique to be far more accurate than traditional speech recognition algorithms, which analyse sounds rather than images.
That's not to say the results are perfect, and Intel's announcement implies that the system works better when coupled with facial recognition to identify 'known' speakers. Indeed, Intel's web site shows that the best results can be achieved with a mix of video and audio recognition algorithms, the one giving weight to the choices made by the other, particularly as the levels of background noise increase.
The code was developed by Intel's Research subsidiary, part of whose remit is to develop applications that make the most of mainstream PCs' processing power. In other words, Intel is developing code that helps encourage users to upgrade to more powerful chips, ideally - and given chip makers' relative market shares, almost certainly - those made by Intel.
It's motives may not be entirely philanthropic, but at least Intel is giving the code away with a minimum of restrictions. ®
Related Links
Intel's AVSR page
Intel's OpenCV page
Sponsored: Are DLP and DTP still an issue?


Anagha Engineers – Home to the One Stop Sealant Shop!
Duct Sealing
What is the best way to seal duct work?
Call/ Whatsapp: +91 _PHONE_ Email:
What are Duct sealants?
Duct sealant is a soft compound like dough. It is designed for both ease of handling and installation, and was originally developed for HVAC purposes. Duct sealant is used to create a seal that blocks out moisture, dust, and air movement; it can also be used to block noise.
Methods Used for Duct Sealing
Professionals have different methods of performing duct sealing when you call on them. We'll look at the two main methods that apply when they come to a home to fix a leaky ventilation system.
Flexible Duct Sealants
Duct sealant is a resin-based sealant that many duct repair technicians favour. It's used in many types of construction and repair jobs for creating a flexible yet solid joint and to form airtight seals around fixtures such as windows and watertight seals around sinks and bathtubs. It adheres to almost any material, including duct board, making it useful for all types of ductwork. Sealant leaves behind a smooth surface after it dries, which means it provides little resistance to airflow inside ducts. It's also waterproof, resists temperature extremes that affect ventilation systems, and will not cause corrosion over time to metal surfaces. Duct sealers will use a silicone gun to apply sealant to ducts.
Metallic Tapes
These are the true "duct tapes" used in professional duct sealing, and some technicians prefer them to sealants because they create an actual mechanical seal and tend to have greater longevity than resin-based sealant. Most of these tapes are made from foil because its lightweight. Metallic tapes have high metal resistance and many uses aside from ducts, and have proven their durability in other industries such as aerospace, transportation, and automotive.


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Playground accessibility and usability for children with disabilities experiences of children, parents and professionals
Sammanfattning: Studies have identified barriers in the physical environment causing restricted participation in play activities for children with disabilities. Therefore, was the overall aim of this thesis to identify and explore aspects of playground accessibility and usability for children with disabilities based on the experiences of children, parents and professionals. The design of the thesis includes four studies examining different aspects of playground accessibility and usability. Data were collected in Study I through interviews with creators of playgrounds (i.e., persons in a municipality responsible for playgrounds), and with users of playgrounds (i.e., children with restricted mobility, and adults that accompany the children to playgrounds). Data in Study II were collected using a questionnaire completed by persons responsible for playgrounds in 41 municipalities of northern Sweden. In Study III, data were collected through interviews of children with different abilities and in Study IV parents of children with disabilities were interviewed regarding playground design. Data from the interviews were analysed qualitatively while data from the questionnaire were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results of the studies showed that persons responsible for playgrounds have not always considered accessibility for children with disabilities. In fact, many of them had never thought about the issue and also expressed a lack of knowledge needed for building accessible playgrounds (I, II). Further, based on children's experience, playgrounds are important environments for all children, but these are not accessible and usable for all (III). According to the parents, playgrounds do not support play or social interaction for children with disabilities and the design of most playgrounds made their children dependent on adult support. This in turn limited contact with peers and causing the children a sense of being different (IV). To conclude, the results showed that playgrounds are not an accessible or usable environment for many children with disabilities in Sweden. This has affected children with disabilities in negative ways that in turn can cause play deprivation, dependency and stigmatization. The results also indicated that there seems to be lack of awareness regarding children's rights in society and legislation that governs playgrounds.
KLICKA HÄR FÖR ATT SE AVHANDLINGEN I FULLTEXT. (PDF-format)


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Today we published a translated English version of the first paper ActiveHistory.ca "Why is Vietnam Recovering, while Cuba is Sinking?" written by Yves Montenay, and translated by Michael Poplyansky. Here is the abstract:
Before going their separate ways, Vietnam and Cuba followed similar political and economic paths, making the impact of economic freedom on each country's development very clear, both directly and comparatively. This paper will not discuss full employment, because in Communist Vietnam, as in today's Cuba, everyone theoretically had an assigned job—even if it was not the job that one hoped for, or at the location that one preferred, much less at the salary that one wanted. Nor will I evaluate the progress of "liberalism", since the term implies political freedom; I will simply examine the consequences of legalizing formerly banned economic activities. Click here to read full paper. Click here to read the original French version.


Information for Paper ID 7084
Paper Information:
Paper Title: Configuration Conundrum: Managing Test Configuration With a Bite Sized Solution
Affiliation Type: Industry
Keywords: Verification, Constraints, Randomization, Configuration, Testbench, UVC
Abstract: Each desired customization is captured as one or more constraints in a very small class known as a "policy class". Our paper will show the straightforward steps needed to adapt a configuration class to support policies, to create a policy base class that works correctly with the configuration class, and to write new policy classes as required by the application. Once this has been done, applying a customization is easy: add it to a list of policies within the object being constrained. In this way, customizations can be neatly encapsulated, given descriptive names, and applied or removed easily at runtime.
Track ID: 1.1
Track Name: Advanced methodologies and testbenches
Final Decision: Accept as Lecture
Session Name: Verification Languages (Lecture)
Author Questions:
Confirmed: Yes


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From the almighty Wikipedia :
"A navy shower (or "sea shower") is a method of showering that allows for significant conservation of water and energy by turning off water during the "middle" portion. An initial thirty seconds or so are used to get wet, followed by soap and lather, which is then rinsed off in a minute or less. The total time for the water being on is typically under two minutes.
Navy showers originated on naval ships, where supplies of fresh water were often scarce. Using this method, crew members were able to stay clean, while conserving their limited water supply. The idea has been adopted by many people who wish to conserve water and the energy needed to heat the water, for both environmental and economic reasons. Maritime cruisers often take navy showers when they are not in a port with easy access to fresh water. A ten-minute shower takes as much as 230 L (60 U.S. gallons) of water, while a navy shower usually takes as little as 11 L (3 U.S. gallons); one person can save 56,000 L (15,000 U.S. gallons) per year."


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Shown below is an example of a prominent transgressive surface, combined with a sequence boundary. This surface separates underlying shallow subtidal carbonate from overlying deep subtidal carbonate and mudstone. Note the pyritization, visible as a rusty stain, at this surface. Photograph taken at the contact between the Upper Ordovician Carters Limestone (below) and Hermitage Formation at the Nashville International Airport. This outcrop has subsequently been removed and is no longer visible.
The next example of a transgressive surface separates underlying shallow subtidal carbonate from overlying offshore mudstone. Photograph taken at the basal contact of the Nolichucky Formation in southwestern Virginia.
Return to surfaces


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Sex differences in glucose and insulin trajectories prior to diabetes diagnosis: the Whitehall II study.
To examine sex differences in trajectories of glucose and insulin prior to the development of type 2 diabetes. Glucose and insulin levels from oral glucose tolerance tests performed every 5 years in the prospective Whitehall II cohort were analysed using mixed-effects models. Out of 6,712 White participants, 475 men and 177 women developed diabetes during a median follow-up time of 14 years. Men who developed diabetes had higher fasting glucose levels than women over the entire follow-up period (P < 0.001), whereas trajectories of 2-h glucose did not differ between sexes (P = 0.34). Two-hour insulin levels tended to be higher among women than men developing diabetes (P = 0.05), but not after adjustment for height (P = 0.45). Men have higher fasting glucose levels than women many years before the diagnosis of diabetes and at time of diagnosis, indicating that the pathogenesis of diabetes may be different between sexes.


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study reveals that black Americans display lower levels of vitamin D and greater
pain sensitivity than do white Americans. A Vitamin D deficiency may be a risk
factor for increased knee osteoarthritic pain in black Americans, the authors conclude.
Clinical practice guidelines state that vitamin D
levels less than 20 ng/mL represent deficiency, and levels between 21 and 29
ng/mL represent insufficiency. Given that low levels of vitamin D are linked to
chronic pain and other health conditions, especially in black Americans, the
research team set out to investigate if variations in vitamin D levels
contribute to racial differences in patients with knee pain caused by
Researchers at the University of Florida and the University
of Alabama at Birmingham recruited 94 participants—45 black and 49 white
patients with symptomatic knee OA—to complete questionnaires regarding their
symptoms. The study group was 75% female and an average 56 years old.
In addition, study participants underwent testing that
included sensitivity to heat and mechanical pain on the affected knee and the
forearm. Researchers measured heat pain threshold as the point when patients
indicate the sensation "first becomes painful" and pain tolerance
when patients "no longer feel able to tolerate the pain." Mechanical
pain measures were determined by the patients' response to pressure in the knee
that despite living in a southern sunny climate, 84% of black participants had
vitamin D levels less than 30 ng/mL compared with 51% of white subjects.
Furthermore, the average vitamin D level for black Americans was 19.9 ng/mL
(deficiency), compared with white Americans who averaged 28.2 ng/mL
(insufficiency). Black participants reported greater overall knee
osteoarthritis pain, and those with lower vitamin D levels displayed greater
sensitivity to heat and mechanical pain (experimental pain).
"Our data demonstrate that differences in
experimental pain sensitivity between the 2 races are mediated at least in part
by variations in vitamin D levels," said lead author Toni Glover, MSN, ARNP. "However, further studies are needed to fully
understand the link between low vitamin D levels and racial disparities in


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Aimed at regulating growth in the Norwegian aquaculture industry, the Government's new 'traffic light' system entered into force on 30 October. But are the standards sufficiently stringent to ensure environmentally sound salmon farming?
According to FNI researcher Ole Kristian Fauchald, the answer is no. In his recently published report, Fauchald investigates the relationship between Norwegian regulations to ensure sustainable growth in the salmon farming industry, on the one hand, and regulations to conserve wild salmon, on the other. The 'traffic light' system, he concludes, fails to consider already existing laws that are essential in the allocation and expansion of fish farming licenses – potentially at the expense of the wild salmon.
The 'traffic light' system
In order to regulate growth in Norway's aquaculture industry a colour coding scheme – green, yellow and red, hence the 'traffic light' system – is used to identify regions where expansion can take place.
As of today, eight of the thirteen production areas have been awarded the colour green. A regulation has been proposed that will allow existing fish farms in these areas to increase their production capacity by 2 per cent. The government is also intending to auction new licences, increasing total production by 6 per cent. The five remaining production areas are coloured yellow or red, and fish farms there are only allowed to expand up to 6 per cent if they fulfil certain predefined criteria.
Taken together, the colours awarded the thirteen production areas define where the aquaculture industry can expand capacity. The colour of each production area is based on a single factor: the prevalence of salmon lice and the damage it causes to wild salmon spawn.
However, while reducing the prevalence of salmon lice is important to achieve environmentally sound salmon farming, it is far from alone. In fact, the requirements of the Aquaculture Act and the Nature Diversity Act, including the latter's quality standards for wild salmon, appear stricter than the 'traffic light' system's. Therefore, some are worried that the status of wild salmon and other environmental challenges associated with salmon farming are not taken sufficiently into account.
What is more, the government has decided in principle that all fish farms in green production areas will be allowed to expand, which might imply that that the protection of potentially endangered populations of wild salmon may not be taken as seriously in these areas.
'Norwegian authorities have identified 465 distinct salmon populations of which 148 have been assessed. The results show that the quality standards for 119 of these populations have not been met. In this situation, it would seem irresponsible to initiate a new regulatory regime designed to facilitate expansion in the salmon farming industry insofar as the industry has been identified as the main threat to wild salmon populations', Fauchald says.
'My legal assessment of the new regime is that it pays insufficient attention to existing rules adopted to protect the environment. It is therefore not unlikely that the new regime will face a number of stumbling blocks when it is implemented unless the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries implements appropriate procedures before making the final decisions. My report sets out the main elements the Ministry should consider', Fauchald continues.
Science and policy decisions
The wider process leading to the adoption of the 'traffic light' system has suffered from several shortcomings. In spite of being developed by public authorities in close consultation with research institutions, the actual consequences have not been sufficiently identified and assessed.
'A fundamental principle of Norwegian environmental law has been ecosystem management. This principle was adopted partly in response to progress in the natural sciences regarding the need for more advanced approaches to management of natural resources. However, in this case we see that relevant research institutions have contributed to the establishment of a management regime that is very far from being based on an ecosystem approach. I have been very puzzled by the absence of considerations of the impacts on ecosystems when studying the input from the scientific community to the design of the management regime', Fauchald explains.
The report was carried out on behalf of Norske Lakseelver, an organization for rights holders to fish in watercourses with salmon, lake trout and sea char. It was delivered to the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries on 15 November.


Want to grow a heart in a lab? Get lasers and cabbage juice
Using time-tested techniques, scientists are figuring out how to measure artificial organ growth. Very carefully.
What if a child with a failing organ could, instead of waiting on a donor list, simply have their new liver or heart grown in a lab? It's a dream at the moment, but one that begins with today's reality of doctors using a patient's cells to stimulate the growth of bone, cartilage and other specialized tissues. The National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST) is planning for the eventuality, developing a proof-of-concept light-based sensor that can observe and study tissue grown in a lab.
NIST, which is based in Gaithersburg, Maryland, has published the results of their experiments in the journal Sensors and Actuators B. The light-based sensor can measure pH, the unit of measurement for acidity that is often used while testing the water quality of pools. But it's also important in cellular growth, which scientists have learned through observing how pH levels fluctuate during the process of wound healing
When cells grow, their environments become increasingly acidic. But it's a balancing act: if an environment becomes overly acidic or loses too much acidity, which in chemistry is called being basic, the cells will die. pH is measured on a scale of 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic). Cells generally tend to find themselves cozy right in the middle, at a 7.
There are many ways to measure pH levels already on the market. Cheap ones can be found on Amazon for under $20. But while modern pH measurers can get the right measurements, they're unstable. They need to recalibrated daily, or they risk losing 0.1 pH units of accuracy daily. That might not matter for a pool, but when dealing with cells every little bit matters.
This sensor can measure environment in a cell culture for the long-term, which NIST defines in a press release as "several weeks at a time." The sensor won't disturb the sensitive cells as they grow, or force scientists to recalibrate their instruments. And it can studiously study the cells during every second of their growth, meticulously documenting every slight change.
"An increment of 0.1 pH is significant," says NIST chemist Zeeshan Ahmed in the press statement. "If your pH value changes by 1, you kill the cells. If after a few days I can't trust anything about my pH measurement, then I'm not going to use that measurement method."
"We want to make sensors that can be put inside growing tissue to give researchers quantitative information," Ahmed continues. "Is the tissue actually growing? Is it healthy? If you grow a bone, does it have the right mechanical properties or is it too weak to support a body?"
The team started off with commercially available photonic sensors, focusing on sensors that include a transparent light filter known as a Bragg grating. Bragg gratings can allow specific lightwaves to pass and block others.
When a Bragg grating blocked light, Ahmed and American University chemist and NIST guest researcher Matthew Hartings knew that it would absorb its energy. And, keeping with scientific laws in place science Isaac Newton, energy absorbed does not simply disappear. It goes somewhere. That often translates into heat.
Optical fibers and cabbage juice
An empty petri dish with two optical fibers. Throw in some cabbage juice, and this is what the research looked like.J.L. Lee/NIST
As a test, the team used that old staple of student scientists everywhere, cabbage juice, which can change its color depending on its pH levels.
After filling a petri dish with a cabbage juice solution, scientists placed an optical fiber overhead. Connected to an off-the-shelf laser pointer, it shined light into the sample. Another optical fiber, this one containing a Bragg grating, was enmeshed within the cabbage juice. The team was able to manually control the pH levels within the sample.
Then, the team started playing colors. They shone red light into the cabbage juice, which the juice absorbed. The fiber swimming in the cabbage juice, acting in NIST's words as a "photonic thermometer," was able to pick up the slight changes in temperature. Then, shining a different colored light, they were able to pick up on further minute changes. Comparing the heat generated by each light, scientists were able to discern the pH levels.
Baby steps to a dream
The measurement technique need not be limited to growing kidneys or hearts. NIST scientists believe that it could study the inverse of life-giving organs: deadly cancerous growths, which follow similar growth patterns.
The next tests, already underway, involve a pH-sensitive dye called phenol red, and NIST says it is trying to "encapsulate the dye in a plastic coating around the fiber itself so that it does not interact with the cell medium." They'll also start working with real cell cultures soon.


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I am teaching myself category theory and I am having difficulties identifying the initial and terminal object of the category of $\textbf{FinVect}_R$.
I was thinking that because it is finite vectors then the initial and terminal should be the same object ( since they are finite, we can operate in those vectors until we reached that last one since it is finite).
Any help will be greatly appreciated.
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Is the category $\operatorname{FinVect}_R$ the category of real finite-dimensional vector spaces? If so, could you edit that into your question? I think it would make it a bit clearer and easier to answer. – Potato Jun 8 '13 at 5:13
1 Answer 1
I believe the terminal and initial object are both the zero-dimensional vector space $0$.
There is one map from $0$ to any other vector space $V$, since we must send $0$ to $0_V$. This follows from the definition of a linear map, and linear maps are the morphisms in this category. So $0$ is the initial object.
Similarly, there is exactly one morphism from any vector space $V$ to $0$: the map sending all elements to $0$. So $0$ satisfies the definition of terminal object.
Note that this argument is independent of the base field. So you could consider the category of vector spaces over $\mathbb C$, for example, and the answer would be the same.
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mmmhhhh, I didnt really thought of it that way but it does makes sense what you are saying.Thank you very much Potato for your answer, I really appreciate it. – debora melcacho Jun 8 '13 at 5:25
_USER_ you might want to peek ahead a bit now and look at the rudiments of the theory of abelian categories, just so you can place this category you are looking at in a broader perspective. – Ittay Weiss Jun 8 '13 at 7:05
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for many ethnic cuisines. It is an attractive food because there are about 350 different shapes to choose from. Pasta gets made with unleavened dough and sometimes eggs, but the most common pasta types are those without eggs. Pasta without eggs is dried pasta that you often see boxed in the grocery store because they have a long shelf life. Noodles Noodles can get made from different materials, including rice. They can begin as dough like pasta is, but the flour to make noodles is finer than the flour used to make pasta. This results in a finer and smooth textured product that is soft enough to swallow whole. The name came from German and Latin words that explain that noodles are made with unleavened dough and cooked in boiling water. Noodles can be dense enough to add to casseroles and soups without becoming mushy. You often see them in long thin strips even though there are various noodle shapes. Pasta vs. Noodles Up until now you probably thought pasta and noodles were interchangeable. This is not the case because they have many differences from flour to varieties to calories. Flour Noodles get made with a finer flour while pasta gets made with a harder type of flour. The difference in flour makes noodles a lighter color and smoother texture. The carbs in noodles vs. pasta are pretty much exact. You enjoy beneficial complex carbohydrates from either of these dishes. If you are wondering "are noodles low carb?", the answer will depend on how much you eat. 100g of plain noodles and 100g of plain pasta both sit around 25g of carbohydrates. Types When it comes to pasta vs. noodles categories, they are based on the ingredient used to create them. For example, you can find potato noodles, rice noodles, and more. Pasta is a little more traditional. The dried and fresh varieties refer to not made with eggs and made with eggs. If we are talking about Italian pasta vs. noodles, we are referring to the fresh variety of pasta made with eggs. Calories The calorie content in pasta vs. noodles is similar, yet different enough to matter to some. The calories in pasta are generally a bit higher than in noodles at about 15 more per cup. Which Will You Choose? The rivalry between pasta vs. noodles is slight because they have similar nutritional values. The biggest difference you will find between the two is how they are made and the texture of each. It really comes down to what you prefer so which will you choose? Whether you are craving pasta or noodles, you can count on us. Check out our delivery options and place an order now! 1 2021-03-02 How to Choose the Best Wine for Your Italian Dish Wine and Italian dishes go hand-in-hand. The sweet flavors of red wine are perfect for everything from a simple pasta dish, down to the best tasting lasagna that you've ever had. But red wine is broad. Plus, there are white wines available as well. So how do you know which wine pairing to get for your dish? Here is our quick guide to wine pairing with Italian dishes. Creamy Dishes Think along the lines of Fettucini Alfredo when it comes to creamy dishes. For these, a good Chardonnay or other white wines will pair the best. These wines are often paired in contrast to the dish, bringing out fruity flavors where you would find the creamier herb-based flavors. If you're having mushrooms with your pasta dish, pairing with a merlot is never a bad choice. Red or Tomato-Based Dishes Red and tomato-based dishes go best when paired with red wines. While that may seem like an overload, wines like Montepulciano d'Abruzzo and Barbera d'Asti are perfect for adding in those light fruits. These wines are often dry and help offset the lighter, acidic taste that comes with tomato-based dishes. You'll find the scent overpowering the tomato. It'll feel pleasant to feel the wine overtaking the taste buds after each bite. Light or Pesto Dishes With light dishes that feature pesto as the sauce, stick with a light wine, usually a Chardonnay. With this pasta and wine pairing, you want the dish to be featured more effectively, as these dishes are not overloaded with sauce. This way, you can taste the herbs and spices put into the dish and taste the Chardonnay afterward. Instead of washing the dish down, it brings the flavor to light, often adding to the creamy and light texture that comes with pesto dishes. Cheese-Heavy Dishes The best lasagna wine pairing is going to be the Primitivo di Manduria. This wine features ripe and juicy flavors from strawberries and cherries. The wine typically mixes with the juices from the cheese and meat to create a wonderful partnership. If you're feeling ravioli, go the opposite route and pick up a Pinot Grigio. This light wine with a pear taste complements the combination of different cheeses within. Seafood Dishes If you like seafood in your dish, pick up a Reisling for the best results. The crisp nature often complements the salty meat that comes from the sea. If you're going with lobster though, a Chardonnay is still a great choice. The sauce paired with the seafood is often creamy, giving you a double infusion of beautiful textures, with a bite from the meat itself. Wine Pairing Isn't Limited to Our Recommendations At the end of the day, the sky's the limit when it comes to wine pairing. Feel free to experiment to find what wine works the best with your palate. While one person may enjoy Chardonnay with their Shrimp Scampi, you might enjoy a Reisling. Hungry after reading the article? Be sure to give us a call to get a to-go order started for you. 1 2021-02-23 5 Awesome Health Benefits of Pizza Is pizza your favorite "unhealthy" food? Did you know that roughly three billion pizzas are sold every year in the United States? That's a lot of cheese and dough! While pizza isn't one of the healthiest foods in the world, there are a few benefits to eating pizza. Do you need more reasons to eat pizza? We've got them. Not sure if we're telling the truth? That's okay, let's talk about it. Keep reading to learn all about some of the health benefits of pizza that you've never heard about. 1. Pizza is a Protein Powerhouse Do you get enough protein in your diet? This is one area in which pizza undeniably shines. It doesn't matter what kind of pizza you're getting; you'll get a protein punch. Protein makes up the content of your nails, hair, muscles, and bones. It keeps you moving, energized, and strong. We all need adequate protein to get strong and stay healthy. If you choose to get meat on your pizza, you know you'll have lean (or not so lean) protein piled onto your pie. Even if you don't like meat, cheese alone is a great source of protein! Pizza as a post-workout dinner? Yes, please. 2. Red Sauce is Good for You


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Call for Papers: "Themes in Science and Technology Education" provides an international multi-disciplinary forum to exchange information and to discuss all aspects of Science Education and Information Technology (ICT) in Education.
Themes in Science and Technology Education, is
turning into full electronic format by using the Open Journal System (_URL_
benefits of the fully electronic format are
- Full and free access to the journal for everyone
- Fully automated processes for submission, review, publication,
- Immediate appearance of the issues
- Many more readers around the globe.
THEMES in Science and Technology Education
Themes in Science and Technology Education provides an international multi-disciplinary forum to exchange
information and to discuss all aspects of Science Education and
Information Technology (ICT) in Education.
The main purposes of the journal are to result in the growth of
ideas and practical solutions that could contribute toward
- The deeper understanding of the nature, theory and practice of
learning and instruction in Science, Computer Science and
- The issues and applications of ICT to enhance learning
and instruction in all disciplines and educational levels.
- The technological and pedagogical issues defining best practices in
- The communication between academics and practitioners in the fields
- The communication between academics and practitioners in
and Greek Diaspora.
Call for Papers Themes in Science and Technology Education invites contributions in the form of original theoretical works,
research reports, literature reviews, software reviews, book reviews, conference
reports and announcements about the development of ICT in Education
and Science Education around the world.
We cordially invite you and your collaborators to submit your
research articles for review and publication.
All papers are refereed, by leaders in the field, through a double
General Notes and Submissions
Papers, which must be in English, are invited for editorial
Normally, articles should be between 6000 and 8000 words, although in
exceptional circumstances longer articles are considered.


advisor Prof. J.H.J. van Vuren and Prof. H.H. du Preez author Janse van Rensburg, Darelle Tania 2012-09-06T12:31:33Z 2012-09-06T12:31:33Z 2012-09-06 1997 M.Sc. This project considers the feasibility of using heated cooling water from coal-fired power stations within Eskom for the culturing of C/arias gariepinus (Sharptooth catfish) and Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia). The work includes: an overview of world wide trends in power plant thermal effluent aquaculture, the identification of suitable power stations for aquaculture, long term monitoring of the physical and chemical characteristics of the cooling water at selected power stations, including the effects of the cooling water on the growth response, food conversion, condition factor, survival rate and suitability for human consumption of the aforementioned fish species reared in the cooling water at Matla and Kriel Power Stations. en Coal-fired power plants. Clarias gariepinus. Catfishes - Breeding - Research. Mozambique tilapia. Aquacultural use of heated effluents from coal-fired power stations : a feasibility study Thesis