text:
The lineGatherDigits function initiates the buffered gathering of digits on the specified call. The application specifies a buffer in which to place the digits and the maximum number of digits to be collected.
LONG WINAPI lineGatherDigits( HCALL hCall, DWORD dwDigitModes, LPSTR lpsDigits, DWORD dwNumDigits, LPCSTR lpszTerminationDigits, DWORD dwFirstDigitTimeout, DWORD dwInterDigitTimeout );
Handle to the call on which digits are to be gathered. The application must be an owner of the call. The call state of hCall can be any state.
Digit modes to be monitored. This parameter uses one or more of the LINEDIGITMODE_ Constants.
Pointer to the buffer where detected digits are to be stored as text characters. Digits may not show up in the buffer one at a time as they are collected. Only after a LINE_GATHERDIGITS message is received should the content of the buffer be assumed to be valid. If lpsDigits is NULL, the digit gathering currently in progress on the call is terminated and dwNumDigits is ignored. Otherwise, lpsDigits is assumed to have room for dwNumDigits digits.
Number of digits to be collected before a LINE_GATHERDIGITS message is sent to the application. The dwNumDigits parameter is ignored when lpsDigits is NULL. This function fails if dwNumDigits is zero.
Null-terminated string of termination digits as text characters. If one of the digits in the string is detected, that termination digit is appended to the buffer, digit collection is terminated, and the LINE_GATHERDIGITS message is sent to the application.
The list of valid characters is dependent on the constant provided in dwDigitModes. For a list of the valid characters for each possible mode, see LINEDIGITMODE_ Constants.
If this pointer is NULL, or if it points to an empty string, the function behaves as though no termination digits were supplied.
Time duration in milliseconds in which the first digit is expected. If the first digit is not received in this timeframe, digit collection is aborted and a LINE_GATHERDIGITS message is sent to the application. The buffer only contains the NULL character, indicating that no digits were received and the first digit timeout terminated digit gathering. The call's line-device capabilities specify the valid range for this parameter or indicate that timeouts are not supported.
Maximum time duration in milliseconds between consecutive digits. If no digit is received in this timeframe, digit collection is aborted and a LINE_GATHERDIGITS message is sent to the application. The buffer only contains the digits collected up to this point followed by a NULL character, indicating that an interdigit timeout terminated digit gathering. The call's line-device capabilities specify the valid range for this parameter or indicate that timeouts are not supported.
Returns zero if the request succeeds or a negative error number if an error occurs. Possible return values are:
LINEERR_INVALCALLHANDLE, LINEERR_NOMEM, LINEERR_INVALCALLSTATE, LINEERR_NOTOWNER, LINEERR_INVALDIGITMODE, LINEERR_OPERATIONUNAVAIL, LINEERR_INVALDIGITS, LINEERR_OPERATIONFAILED, LINEERR_INVALPARAM, LINEERR_RESOURCEUNAVAIL, LINEERR_INVALPOINTER, LINEERR_UNINITIALIZED.
Digit collection is terminated when the requested number of digits has been collected. It is also terminated when one of the digits detected matches a digit in szTerminationDigits before the specified number of digits has been collected. The detected termination digit is also placed in the buffer and the partial buffer is returned.
Another way of canceling digit collection occurs when one of the timeouts expires. The dwFirstDigitTimeout expires if the first digit is not received in this time period. The dwInterDigitTimout expires if the second, third, (and so forth) digit is not received within that time period from the previously detected digit, and a partial buffer is returned.
A fourth method for terminating digit collection is by calling this function again while collection is in progress. The old collection session is terminated, any digits collected up to that point are copied to the buffer supplied from the previous call to this function, and the buffer is delivered when the LINE_GATHERDIGITS message is sent to the application. The mechanism for terminating digit gathering without initiating another gathering of the digits is to invoke this function with lpsDigits equal to NULL.
This function is considered successful if digit collection has been correctly initiated, not if digit collection has terminated. In all cases where a partial buffer is returned, valid digits (if any) are followed by a NULL character.
Although this function can be invoked in any call state, digits can typically only be gathered while the call is in the connected state.
The message LINE_GATHERDIGITS is sent only to the application that initiated the request. It is also sent when partial buffers are returned because of timeouts or matching termination digits, or when the request is canceled by another lineGatherDigits request on the call. Only one gather-digits request can be active on a call at any given time across all applications that are owners of the call. Given the asynchronous behavior of the operation, an application that issues multiple lineGatherDigits requests in quick succession may be able to do so and receive several LINE_GATHERDIGITS messages later. While this would be unusual application behavior, the application is able to count the number of these messages to allow cancel messages to be matched with the earlier requests. In any case, only the most recent request should be assumed to be valid.
Note When an application invokes any asynchronous operation that writes data back into application memory, the application must keep that memory available for writing until a LINE_REPLY or LINE_GATHERDIGITS message is received.
An application can use lineMonitorDigits to enable or disable unbuffered digit detection. Each time a digit is detected in this fashion, a LINE_MONITORDIGITS message is sent to the application. Both buffered and unbuffered digit detection can be simultaneously enabled for the same call.
Gathering of digits on a conference call applies only to the hConfCall, not to the individual participating calls.
If the lineGatherDigits function is used to cancel a previous request to gather digits, the function copies any digits collected up to that point to the buffer specified in the original function call. The function then sends a LINE_GATHERDIGITS message to the application, regardless of whether the lpszDigits parameter in the second call specifies a NULL or different address.
|Requires TAPI 1.3 or later|
Unicode and ANSI names
|lineGatherDigitsW (Unicode) and lineGatherDigitsA (ANSI)|
- TAPI 2.2 Reference Overview
- Supplementary Line Service Functions
Build date: 10/26/2012


text:
From its preserved braincase, the Brazilian research team reconstructed the brain, which generally weighs 1.5 grams, highlighting several brain regions, including its cerebellum, optic lobe, cerebrum, olfactory bulb, and olfactory tract.
The cognitive capability was also measured, with its intelligence valued at a higher rate than that of sauropods, which are much bigger in size.
"The values obtained are higher than that of the giant sauropods, like Diplodocus and Brachiosaurus, suggesting a decrease in encephalization in the lineage," the co-authors wrote in a press release.
"This is interesting because several other lineages present an increase in the encephalization through time. Nevertheless, the cognitive capability of Buriolestes schultzi is lower than that of theropod dinosaurs, the lineage that includes Tyrannosaurus, Velociraptor, and birds."
The study was conducted by Rodrigo T. Müller, José D. Ferreira, Flávio A. Pretto, Leonardo Kerber, and Mario Bronzati.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


How would Australia enshrine a Voice to Parliament in the Constitution?
How would Australia enshrine a Voice to Parliament in the Constitution?
A Voice to Parliament enshrined in the Constitution would be achieved through a double majority vote for in support for the change at a referendum. This means that at least four out of six states would vote in favour of the Voice to Parliament alongside a majority of Australians.
What is the Referendum Process?
Referendums begin as a proposed law, presented to the Australian Parliament. The Bill can be introduced into either house of the Parliament (House of Representatives or the Senate) and to proceed, mush be passed by an absolute majority.
The Bill is then considered by the other house, and the bill should be passed by an absolute majority in the other house. The Constitution provides a process for the referendum to proceed if the bill is rejected by the other house.
Once the bill passes both houses of Parliament, a referendum must be held between 2 and 6 months at a minimum and maximum. In that period of time, members of parliament who support and oppose the proposed changes prepare their cases. After this, the Australian Electoral Commission will print and distribute an information leaflet to voters outlining the proposed alterations and the 'Yes' and 'No' cases.
Referendums, like elections, follow Australia's system of compulsory voting whereby everyone over the age of 18 is required to register with the AEC to vote. Upon registration, you are required to vote or face a fine.
Unlike elections, voters do not number the boxes to allocate their vote, nor do they mark their support with a cross or a tick. Voters must write either "Yes" or "No" and the referendum passes through a double majority, where at least four out of six states vote 'Yes' and the overall majority of the population votes 'Yes'.
A Voice to Parliament could be enshrined in the Constitution if it followed the above process and was supported by Australia through a double majority. This would be a fair and practical change that would ensure that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders are recognised through a mechanism that can deliver better policy outcomes.
When the time comes, we will need your help in passing a referendum to make a Voice to Parliament a reality.
In the meantime, we need your help to spread the awareness and support for this important campaign.
If you want to see real change happen, here are some things you can do:


HPL2/Tutorials/Level Design
From Frictional Wiki
< HPL2 | Tutorials
Revision as of 12:11, 5 August 2020 by Darkfire (talk | contribs) (→Basics: Changed the image display format)
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Most of tutorials explain how to use the editors and the engine. However, they don't really explain how to avoid many pitfalls of making maps in HPL2. Hence, this tutorial will teach you how to make a proper map in Amnesia. For this tutorial you must at least know the basics of using the LevelEditor and have the modding tools installed.
In Amnesia, there are separate asset packs, named "-base", e.g. mansionbase. These shouldn't be mixed unless you absolutely know what you're doing; therefore, we will be picking one and sticking with it.
Since many beginner modders make mostly mansionbase maps, I will use it in my example. Let's start with making a basic room:
Remember to use both convex and concave welders in corners:
Don't forget that you can get creative vertically. Amnesia has dedicated assets for this, usually in the ceiling section:
I also added doors - remember that they should also match the asset base you're using.
Decorating the room
Now that we have a framework, we can start adding onto it. When adding furniture and other objects, always have the rooms purpose in mind; for example, my map is pretty much a corridor, so it doesn't make sense to be placing much furniture in it, and neither does putting anything which would block the way in the middle.
I put some planks on the door; It's not for gameplay reasons, but to give the player a feeling that the place is bigger than it really is. When making something out of repeating models, remember to do slight variations of the them; rotate and scale them slightly. Here, I also rotated some of the planks by 180 degrees to fake having more than one model on hand.
I also added some lamps, and turned some of them off, which is for the sake of making the level darker, and showing you how to do proper lighting - because one thing you need to now is that 'the lamp entities aren't enough to light your map! To see how the level will look in the game, turn off the ambient lights in the editor:
I hope you can see that this isn't the way to make the level dark; we will tackle this problem in the next section. Even a dark level needs some light, otherwise the player won't see anything, and believe me, it isn't what you want.
Let's start by adding some pointlights:
We can use a trick to make them synchronized with the nearby lamps; You need to put it's name into the lantern entity. Also make sure that the light's color is almost black (0.1, 0.1, 0.1), otherwise it will be very bright in the game.
It doesn't change the light in the editor, but the effect in the game is pretty sweet. By the way: Always remember to adjust your gamma settings before testing the map in the game! This is the only way to know how the map will look for your players.
As you can see, the corners are unnaturally dark (in reality, light bounces off surfaces and spreads quite evenly around rooms). To battle this, we need to use a Boxlight. There are some rules to using them:
 - Boxlights are for general light ambience of the level.
 - Use only one BoxLight for the whole map (for the sake of unity).
 - The boxlight should cover the whole map (going out of a boxlight looks very bad)
 - The boxlight has to be quite dark.
Having that in mind, I made the following:
I made the BoxLight ever-so-slightly blue, because I will be adding moonlight in a moment.
Unfortunately, I can't show you how the boxlight affects the in-game look, because screenshots don't catch the gamma settings, and this subtle effect simply isn't visible in them. Keep in mind that it can still make a huge difference in the actual game!
Anyway; As I mentioned, we will take care of the moonlight now. I'll be making this similarly to how Frictional did it in the main game. I added a faint, blueish poitlight in front of the window:
And a SpotLight of the same color, which needs to go inside the room. I also added a fitting Gobo, which is a texture map which simulates shadows - the shadows actually casted by the window aren't good at all.
I also noticed that the candle kind of interferes with the moonlight, so I'm turning off the candle for now.
And that about does it for the lighting in this scene!
Billboards are semi-transparent texures which imitate certain light effects; god rays, halos etc. To be honest, they are very hard to use correctly; I'll give you some general rules, but I'll be using the billboards from the original game later on. Basically, to even have a chance of getting the billboards right, you need to: -Make them very dark (more or less 0.1 in every RGB value) -Vary them in location and rotation Another tip; when you select the billboard, a white arrow appears:
You can use the arrow to rotate the billboard towards the source of light or towards where the light will be cast.
However, when it comes to god rays, FG did a great job with it, and we will be just copying those for now. Open e.g. 03_archives.map in the LevelEditor and locate a window with billboards. Select them all and press Files->Export Selection
Save the file somewhere where you can find it easily. Open your map and use File->Import objects. All the selected objects should appear in your map. However, they will appear in their original location, meaning that you might need to locate them. To move and rotate them together, press 'B' to make a compound out of them: now they will act as a singular object. Place them at the window and place 'B' again - this will separate the billboards. This is what we have so far:
Particle systems
Particles are used for all sorts of effects and things floating in the air; flowing water, dust, fire... When it comes to mapping, we will be using ps_light_dust.ps (place it in front of the window) and ps_area_fog.ps (place it in the middle of the corridor every couple of meters). I made the dust particles quite dark (0.5) because they are too on-the-nose in my opinion; making them darker makes them less visible, and therefore, more subtle. You can see the light dust particle (the white dots) here:
Decals are textures which stick on models. They're mostly for diversifying repetitive textures and various other effects. Some of them have a static_object versions. E.g, I'm using this static object decal for spilled wine:
And one of my favourite decals - dirt_stain_large.mat - to fill the empty space on the floor and on the walls. Make sure to set the color to white, but change the alpha setting to a low one (I used 0.3 here). Otherwise the decal will just look too on-the-nose (ugly, if you will). Then I basically slap it here and there with the random settings on:
You can't see them clearly, but that's the point - they shouldn't be noticable at first sight, but they will still diversify the repetitive textures. Here's where I placed them:
Other details
You can also use sound entities, which are basically just objects which play sounds in a certain area. Make sure to plant some of them to make your level come alive - for example, we can place a wind sound behind the window and a creaking sound somewhere behind a wall.
There are also fog areas, which do exactly what they say. They aren't necessary for all maps. However, when used with a very subtle colour, they can simulate volumetric lighting. For this room a fog area with a colour similar to the BoxLight one could be used. At the time of making this tutorial this technique wasn't used, so it can't be seen in the screenshots.
You should definitely add more entities to make your map more detailed - e.g. I added a couple of more entities around the couch:
The generally best approach is trying to make a mess (as long as it's a coherent mess).
Closing statements
Obviously this map isn't the most interesting nor original, but it's decent enough to use in a Custom Story, and if you use the principles which I showed you in this tutorial, you might create something worthwhile! Thanks for reading!


What Is Cheese Slang For?
Is there a mac and cheese emoji?
Never again will you have to spell out the words "macaroni and cheese" or "cinnamon roll." And when your friend shows up late to brunch there's a sticker to tell them exactly how you feel (cough, hangry, cough).
The Delish Eatmojis app is available now for download on Android and iPhone..
What is Cheddar slang?
Cheddar is slang for money because slang term for money. Derived from the fact Americans on welfare used to receive cheese as a part of their benefits.
What are the 3 foods to never eat?
AVOID: Refined GrainsWhite flour.Bread.Pasta.Rice.Baked goods.Snack goods.Breakfast cereals.Jan 24, 2020
What 3 foods cardiologists say to avoid?
What does going Cheese mean?
cheese Add to list Share. … An old fashioned meaning of cheese is "stop" — you might say, "Cheese it!" This comes from 1800s thieves' slang, while the instruction a photographer gives, "Say cheese!" dates from the early 20th century.
What is a cheese girl?
Mzansi Taal · Cheese Boy Girl. It is a phrase used to refer to someone who is spoiled by their parents/guardians.
What does cheese do to your body?
What is a synonym for cheese?
Synonyms for Cheese:emmenthaler,Fleur de Lait,aged cheddar,swiss,Saga Blue,Smearcase,brick,gloucester,More items…
Is it OK to eat cheese every day?
Researchers suggest that eating around 40 grams (or 1.41 ounces) of cheese every day could help to reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke. Share on Pinterest Researchers suggest that eating a small amount of cheese every day may benefit heart health.
What does the cheese emoji mean?
🧀 Meaning – Cheese Wedge Emoji The image of a cheese wedge is the emoji representing dairy products in general or simply a piece of cheese. Depending on context, Cheese Wedge Emoji can mean "I simply love eating cheese!" or "I can't imagine living without dairy products!".
What does Cheesing mean in text?
Cheese is also a type of weed, if someone says that they are 'cheesing' it would mean that they are getting high, or stoned.
Why do we say cheesy?
cheesy (adj.) Meaning "cheap, inferior" is attested from 1896, in U.S. student slang, along with cheese (n.) "an ignorant, stupid person." In late 19c. British slang, cheesy was "fine, showy" (1858), probably from cheese (n. 2) and some suggest the modern derogatory use is an "ironic reversal" of this.
What does 🚚 mean?
🚚 Meaning – Delivery Truck Emoji 🚚 The image of a delivery truck is the emoji that symbolizes a means of transportation used to deliver items. It can refer to the vehicle itself or to the act of driving such a vehicle.


text:
January 1, 2010
Happy New Year! And best wishes for a healthy and prosperous year for all my readers and their families.
On the first day of a new year it seems appropriate to write an exercise based on calendars. Unix provides a
cal command to print calendars. There are several forms:
cal— prints a calendar for the current month
calyear — prints a twelve-month calendar for the specified year; note that year 10 occurred during the time of Christ, so you must specify 2010 for the current year
calmonth year — prints a calendar for the specified month and year; the month is given as a number from 1 to 12
cal -3— prints a three-month calendar for the prior month, current month and next month
The current date is highlighted wherever it appears.
Pages: 1 2

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Last week a fascinating study was published by SBRN member David Dunstan and colleagues in Australia, which examined the acute (e.g. short-term) impact of uninterrupted sitting on metabolic health. In this new study, individuals with overweight or obesity were asked to perform 3 separate conditions in random order.
- Uninterrupted sitting – participants sat for 5 consecutive hours
- Sitting plus light intensity breaks – similar to the uninterrupted sitting condition, except that participants had a 2 minute walk break at a light intensity every 20 minutes throughout the day
- Sitting plus moderate intensity breaks – similar to the light intensity breaks condition, except that the breaks were at a moderate intensity
The figure below nicely demonstrates the basic protocol for the three conditions.
In all three conditions participants were given a standardized 760 calorie test drink at baseline (for reference, that's about the same as a medium McDonald's triple-thick milkshake), and had blood taken every hour to determine the glucose and insulin response. This is pretty similar to an oral glucose tolerance test, except that the test drink included both sugar and fat, while an oral glucose tolerance test involves only sugar. This sort of drink will produce a spike in insulin and glucose levels in the blood, but a healthier person will have a lower spike than an unhealthy person. A big spike in glucose or insulin levels suggests that your body has to work harder to get sugar into your muscles, which is a sign of insulin resistance and a risk factor for diabetes.


text:
Tire and Car Contribution and Interaction to Low Frequency Interior Noise
A joint study was conducted between BMW and Goodyear with the objective of analysing the cause and identifying methods to reduce the structure-borne interior noise in a vehicle driving on rough road surfaces. A vibro-acoustic characterization of the car was performed by measuring the car vibro-acoustic transfer functions and by using a transfer path analysis technique to identify the main suspension parts affecting the interior noise at target frequencies. The vibration transmissibility characteristics of the tire were measured and also simulated by Finite Element in [1-200Hz] frequency range. The vibro-acoustic interaction between the tire and car sub-systems was examined. A Finite Element sensitivity analysis was used to define and build new prototype tires. A 3dB(A) interior noise improvement was obtained with these new tires at target frequencies.


text:
In statistics, a confidence region is a multi-dimensional generalization of a confidence interval. It is a set of points in an n-dimensional space, often represented as an ellipsoid around a point which is an estimated solution to a problem, although other shapes can occur.
The confidence region is calculated in such a way that if a set of measurements were repeated many times and a confidence region calculated in the same way on each set of measurements, then a certain percentage of the time, on average, (e.g. 95%) the confidence region would include the point representing the "true" values of the set of variables being estimated. However, unless certain assumptions about prior probabilities are made, it does not mean, when one confidence region has been calculated, that there is a 95% probability that the "true" values lie inside the region, since we do not assume any particular probability distribution of the "true" values and we may or may not have other information about where they are likely to lie.
The case of independent, identically normally-distributed errors
Suppose we have found a solution to the following overdetermined problem:
where Y is an n-dimensional column vector containing observed values, X is an n-by-p matrix which can represent a physical model and which is assumed to be known exactly, is a column vector containing the p parameters which are to be estimated, and is an n-dimensional column vector of errors which are assumed to be independently distributed with normal distributions with zero mean and each having the same unknown variance.
A joint 100(1 - ) % confidence region for the elements of is represented by the set of values of the vector b which satisfy the following inequality:
where the variable b represents any point in the confidence region, p is the number of parameters, i.e. number of elements of the vector and s2 is an unbiased estimate of equal to
The above inequality defines an ellipsoidal region in the p-dimensional Cartesian parameter space Rp. The centre of the ellipsoid is at the solution. According to Press et al., it's easier to plot the ellipsoid after doing singular value decomposition. The lengths of the axes of the ellipsoid are proportional to the reciprocals of the values on the diagonals of the diagonal matrix, and the directions of these axes are given by the rows of the 3rd matrix of the decomposition.
Weighted and generalised least squares
Now let us consider the more general case where some distinct elements of have known nonzero covariance (in other words, the errors in the observations are not independently distributed), and/or the standard deviations of the errors are not all equal. Suppose the covariance matrix of is, where V is an n-by-n nonsingular matrix which was equal to in the more specific case handled in the previous section, (where I is the identity matrix,) but here is allowed to have nonzero off-diagonal elements representing the covariance of pairs of individual observations, as well as not necessarily having all the diagonal elements equal.
It is possible to find a nonsingular symmetric matrix P such that
In effect, P is a square root of the covariance matrix V.
The least-squares problem
can then be transformed by left-multiplying each term by the inverse of P, forming the new problem formulation
A joint confidence region for the parameters, i.e. for the elements of, is then bounded by the ellipsoid given by:
Nonlinear problems
Confidence regions can be defined for any probability distribution. The experimenter can choose the significance level and the shape of the region, and then the size of the region is determined by the probability distribution. A natural choice is to use as a boundary a set of points with constant (chi-squared) values.
One approach is to use a linear approximation to the nonlinear model, which may be a close approximation in the vicinity of the solution, and then apply the analysis for a linear problem to find an approximate confidence region. This may be a reasonable approach if the confidence region is not very large and the second derivatives of the model are also not very large.
See Uncertainty Quantification#Methodologies for forward uncertainty propagation for related concepts.
See also
- Draper and Smith (1981, p. 94)
- Draper and Smith (1981, p. 108)
- Draper and Smith (1981, p. 109)
||This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. (September 2011)|
- Draper, N.R.; H. Smith (1981). Applied Regression Analysis (2nd ed.). USA: John Wiley and Sons Ltd. ISBN 0-471-02995-5.
- Press, W.H.; S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, B.P. Flannery (1992). Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing (2nd ed.). Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press.


text:
When surveyed on perception of care, parents' responses differed based on racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic factors.
Perceptions of care are influenced by disrespect from staff and clinicians because of racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic factors, according to a recent study.
Experience of care is directly associated with quality of health care, as positive patient experience has been linked to improved safety and clinical outcomes, improved adherence to treatment plans, and less use of health care. Provider communication experience has a significant impact on outcomes.
Race, ethnicity, primary language, and insurance status have direct impacts on patient experience in both adult and pediatric populations. Patients have reported feeling misunderstood, not receiving proper communication or time devoted from clinicians, or lack of culturally effective care from clinicians.
To understand how families of different racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds experience pediatric outpatient care, investigators conducted a study consisting of semi-structured interviews.
Participants included parents or guardians of pediatric patients who had received care at primary care, medical subspecialty, or surgical subspecialty clinics in the past 3 months. There were 80 interviews lasting 40 to 60 minutes during the study period, with participants from a variety of racial and ethnic groups, insurance statuses, and languages.
The participant sample included 19 Asian parents, 18 Black, 13 Hispanic and English speaking, 12 Hispanic and Spanish speaking, and 18 White, properly balanced through the 3 clinics and among insurance status. Along with visiting a clinic in the past 3 months, children were also expected to have visited a clinic at least once in the prior year to be eligible.
Inductive and deductive analysis was used to evaluate interview data and expand on themes from prior research. Clinicians, a qualitative researcher, and research assistants participated in data analysis.
Interview data indicated an overarching theme of "discrimination and disrespect," seen in every stage of care. Three primary themes were also observed. The first was mitigation of system issues, where overall perception of care was impacted by parents' experience with clinicians or staff working to mitigate system issues.
The second theme was the role of personal interactions, where negative experiences were mitigated by positive relationships between families and clinicians. The third theme was effective explanations, where patient confidence in care was significantly affected by clear and detailed explanations by clinicians.
Negative experiences in these 3 themes were more common in those with public insurance, except for effective explanations. Asian parents with public insurance reported the greatest proportion of negative sentiments.
Assumptions on family culture, financial status, or background most often led to disrespect or discrimination. Black parents and Hispanic parents experienced the greatest proportion of negative comments, followed by Asian parents.
Negative assumptions often resulted in parents feeling targeted by clinicians or staff based on culture or background. One instance in the study saw a parent offered informational materials in Vietnamese feeling that assumptions were being made about her family's proficiency in speaking English. Similar experiences were seen based on socioeconomic status.
These results show how racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic factors can affect perception of care. Insurance status was a notable factor in how perceptions of care differed between participants. Overall, the study shows the importance of interactions between family and clinicians in creating a positive experience.
Luff D, Buscher SW, Ward VL, Ballal SA, Holden P, Pierre R, et al. Understanding racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic differences in the ambulatory care experience. Pediatrics. 2022;150(6). doi:10.1542/peds.2021-056001


text:
Date of this Version
Suboptimal feed intake during lactation is associated with reduced litter weight gain and increased sow weight loss. This weight loss may lead to a prolonged weaning-to-estrus interval and decreased embryo survival in subsequent parities. Feed intake is a particular concern in primiparous sows, which consume 15% less feed than multiparous sows.
The consequences of low feed intake and excess body weight loss during lactation have received considerable attention. However, little research has focused on the mechanisms that regulate feed intake in the lactating sow. Furthermore, the progress being made in increasing litter size will continue to increase milk production and nutrient demands during lactation.
Numerous researchers have found that adding relatively large amounts of fat to the diet of lactating sows (e.g., 10% of the diet) results in increased energy intake, increased milk fat and energy, and increased litter weight gain. At these levels of fat addition, energy intake is increased by approximately.8% for every 1% addition of fat to the diet. However, adding fat seems to have little effect on reducing lactation weight loss.
Our research sought to identify possible physiological mechanisms whereby energy intake is increased when tallow (fat) is added to the diets of lactating sows.


text:
Definition of medullar
a. - See Medullary. 2
The word "medullar" uses 8 letters: A D E L L M R U.
No direct anagrams for medullar found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after medullar (in bold), or to adellmru in any order:
y - medullary
All words formed from medullar by changing one letter
Browse words starting with medullar by next letter


Subject: Re: union fs changes
To: der Mouse
From: Bakul Shah <>
List: tech-kern
Date: 12/30/1994 13:20:15
Der Mouse writes:
% You certainly could. It might even happen relatively often. As
% someone else already noted, if you modify a file, you then have the RO
% copy in the lower layer and the new copy in the upper layer. If you
% then rm it, the upper-layer copy is blown away and a whiteout created.
% Then when you unwhiteout() it, the lower-layer file reappears. I would
% expect undelete() to resurrect the upper-layer copy - ie, what was
% there before the unlink().
One more problem: having to use two steps to make the lower
layer file reappear seems counterintuitive. I'd expect
unlink() to just remove the upper layer file so that the
lower layer file instantly reappears. This is clean and
simple. Why not use whiteout() if you want whiteout?
There'd even be a symmetry between whiteout() and
Jan-Simon Pendry writes:
 operation remove create remove create
 name name whiteout whiteout
 unlink yes - - possibly
 rmdir yes - - possibly
 open(CREATE) - yes possibly -
 "undelete" - - yes -
 mknod(WHT) - - - yes
 rename yes possibly possibly possibly
I really really wish that unlink, rmdir, rename do not
automagically create whiteout. What happens if you have
*no* write access in the upper layer but *do have* write
access on the lower layer? (Assuming you can have more
layers), what happens if you have write access on one of
the intermediate layers? How does one remove a file from
a lower layer?
> suppose we have a filesystem which supports "unremove" - ie the total
> inverse to "remove". the real problem to be solved is how to name
> the file and how to get from the name to the flat-store representation.
More problems: what happens when you remove a file, then
create another file of the same name in the same directory
and now want to ''unremove'' the old file? What happens
when you create a new file of the same name and remove it?
Do you get back only one old copy back? Ideally you want
all old versions so that you can examine them and restore
the right one. But unlike under VMS, I don't normally want
to see all the old versions of a file.
Actually, instead of unremove I'd prefer transaction support
from the kernel (sort of like the way Tolerant Systems
implemented it). This would solve so many problems... (but
at some cost).
> go for approach #2. any file remove converts the file to
> "removed" status. some cleaner process would need to garbage
> collect whenever free disk space gets low.
I'd just leave the file in the same dir. and add a normally
illegal char in its name. A cleaner can periodically
remove or backup old versions. I'd also add an 'archive'
attribute that is ON by default but gets turned off for
files that you don't want to save.
This is useful but will open up a security hole.
Der Mouse writes:
> I've wished for flink multiple times already. (Another call that would
> into a fantasia on everything I've ever wanted in a filesystem :-)
This too is a security hole in that it defeats the purpose of
controlled access through path names.
There was some discussion of next generation filesystems on
one of the freebsd groups. May be we should setup a
separate mailing list for FS:NG that is not biased towards
any particular Unix-like system. Either that or
Bakul Shah


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International Early Career Scientists
Science is a multinational, cross-cultural endeavor that connects researchers across the borders created by discipline and continent. HHMI believes it is vital to encourage the careers and scientific creativity of scientists working abroad.
In this pilot program, HHMI identified scientists who are, or have the potential to become, scientific leaders. The International Early Career Scientist program awards each selected scientist $650,000 over five years with the goal of helping these talented individuals establish independent research programs.
The 28 scientists, who are at 22 institutions in 12 countries, have led their own laboratories for less than seven years.
Chosen scientists were from 12 countries—Argentina, Brazil, Chile, China, Hungary, India, Italy, Poland, Portugal, South Korea, South Africa, and Spain.


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The feed expansion machinery manufacturer tells you: 1. The equipment for the broken arch feeding bin and feeder in the pet feed production equipment
A basic reference data in the control system of Jinan feed extruder is the flow of materials. The increase of water, steam and other liquids in the system is based on the flow rate of the materials. Therefore, the stability of the material flow directly affects the production of all extruders. Stability. In order to ensure the stability of the logistics, the system uses differential feeding, that is, placing all the feeding bins and feeders on the load cell, forming a closed loop control between the weighing sensor, the variable frequency feeder and the computer. Feeding.
The basic request for differential feeding is the soft connection between the upper and lower interfaces, that is, the soft connection between the broken arch feeding bin and the pneumatic gate at the upper part of the cartridge body and between the feeder discharge port and the conditioner inlet. Soft convergence, the soft connection between the two places usually uses canvas as the data to connect.
The equipment of the load cell is another important factor affecting the feeding. There are usually two methods for sensor equipment: lifting and loading, both of which can be used depending on the site requirements. When selecting the hoisting, some methods should be selected to ensure the stability of the warehouse. During the production process of the extruder, when feeding into the feeding bin, the falling of the material causes all the bins to sway, and the length of the shaking and shaking is closely related to the length of the sensor lever, although the control program puts the material into the bin. The feed data at the moment uses the data before the feed, but after the material enters the warehouse, if the tank body insists on shaking, it will directly affect the accuracy of the sensor weighing, and request the limit device at the lower part of the warehouse body, and the limit is satisfied. Bit devices do not affect weighing. Another equipment method is the loading, the equipment method does not sway, but all the warehouses are easy to move, which requires the equipment to be fixed on the bracket when the equipment is requested, and the equipment on each side of the lifting bin Limit block to prevent the movement of all the bins.
In the equipment of the broken arch feeding bin of Jinan feed extruder, it is necessary to pay attention to the orientation of the maintenance door, to ensure that the maintenance door can be opened together with the maintenance equipment in the lower part of the maintenance door.
2, Jinan feed extruder double shaft differential conditioner equipment
Because the support frame body of the double-axis differential speed adjuster is a group weldment body, there will be a certain deformation in the process of conveying the feed puffing machine. When the support is deformed, the direct adjustment device will form a conditioner main shaft and a gear box. The output shaft has different axes. When the equipment is running, the noise generated by the roller chain coupling will form the coupling gear and the chain wear. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the support frame to make the main shaft of the conditioner and the gearbox output shaft the same. axis.
When the conditioning equipment of the Jinan feed extruder is used, the relative orientation of the two spindles is also requested. The equipment can be used according to the symbol of the shaft end, and the relative orientation equipment can also be selected by itself. For details, please refer to the instruction manual.


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It is no secret that our kids' productivity in school significantly affects their future, which is why we need to provide them with quality school furniture to help them focus and learn. Studies have shown that when kids are furnished with comfortable, functional, and stylish school furniture, they tend to be more productive in the classroom. This blog post will discuss the importance of quality school furniture and how it can help improve your child's productivity! We will also provide tips on selecting quality school furniture for your home or classroom. So, be sure to read on whether you are a parent or a teacher!
How Does Quality School Furniture Affect Learning And Productivity Of Kids?
Quality School Furniture Contributes To the Comfort of Our Kids
One of the main reasons why quality school furniture is essential is because it contributes to the comfort of our kids. When kids are comfortable, they tend to be more focused and attentive in class. This is why selecting school furniture that is ergonomic and comfortable for your child is essential.
Make sure to choose chairs and desks that are the right size for your child and that offer proper support. You may also want to consider investing in adjustable furniture so that it can grow with your child. There are many school furniture suppliers that offer quality and comfortable furniture for kids, so be sure to shop around until you find the perfect pieces for your child's needs!
Also, if you are a teacher, be sure to create a comfortable and inviting learning environment in your classroom by selecting quality furniture that is both functional and stylish.
Quality School Furniture Improves The Quality of Their Work
Another reason why quality school furniture is essential is that it can improve the quality of your child's work. When kids are provided with quality furniture, they have everything they need to complete their work correctly. This indicates that they are less likely to make mistakes, and their work will be of a higher quality overall.
When kids are given the proper tools to complete their work, they tend to take more pride in their work and feel more confident in their abilities. As a result, their schoolwork will improve, and they will be more probably to succeed in the classroom.
Also Check: 12 Benefits of Crossword Puzzles for Child's Growth
Quality School Furniture Helps Them Stay Organized
One of the most crucial things for kids to learn is how to stay organized. This is an essential skill that will benefit them throughout their lives. When kids have quality school furniture, they have a place for everything and can easily keep track of their belongings. This helps to reduce clutter in the classroom and makes it easier for kids to find what they need when they need it.
Additionally, when kids are organized, they tend to be more productive and efficient in the classroom. For instance, if everything has a place, they will know where to find it without wasting time searching for things. As an effect, they will be able to concentrate more on their schoolwork and less on trying to find their supplies. Or, if their desks are cluttered, they may be unable to focus on their work. Thus, it is essential to provide quality school furniture to help kids stay organized and focused in the classroom.
Quality School Furniture Encourages Kids To Be More Active
Another reason why quality school furniture is essential is that it encourages kids to be more active. When kids have furniture designed for movement, they are more likely to get up and move around. This is important because it helps them stay focused and engaged in the lesson. Additionally, being active can help improve a child's overall health and well-being.
Also Check: How to Start Teaching Even and Odd Numbers To Elementary Kids?
Improve Sleep Pattern
Quality school furniture can also help improve sleep patterns in kids. When kids have comfortable furniture, they are more likely to fall asleep quickly and stay asleep throughout the night. This is important because it helps them to get the rest they need to be successful in school.
Additionally, when kids sleep better, they tend to have more energy and focus during the day. As a result, they are more likely to be productive in the classroom.
They Become More Responsible
When kids have quality school furniture, they also tend to become more responsible, and this is because they have a valuable investment in their furniture and want to take care of it.
Additionally, when kids are responsible for taking care of their furniture, they learn how to be more organized and take care of their belongings properly. As a result, they are less likely to lose things or damage their furniture.
Also Check: Teach Your Kids Education Is Important While They're Still Young – Here are Some Tips
They Become More Confident
When children have good classroom furnishings, they grow more confident. This is because sitting on comfy, elegant furniture makes individuals feel good about themselves. Furthermore, giving children the responsibility of caring for their furnishings teaches them to be more autonomous and self-sufficient.
For example, children who are used to having their desks cleaned for them may not know how to care for their furniture on their own properly. However, when children are taught to take care of their furniture, they learn to be more independent and self-reliant. As a result, their self-esteem and confidence grow, which can also benefit them in other areas of their lives.
Quality School Furniture Makes Learning Fun!
Finally, quality school furniture is essential because it can make learning fun! When kids are given stimulating and engaging furniture, they are more likely to enjoy the learning process. Additionally, when furniture is fun, kids are likelier to want to use it and will be less likely to get bored. Thus, providing quality school furniture can help make learning fun and enjoyable for your child!
Quality school furniture is essential for a variety of reasons. It can improve the comfort of our kids and the quality of their work, help them stay organized, encourage them to be more active, and make learning fun! So, consider investing in quality school furniture for your child's classroom, and it will be worth it in the long run!
Also Check: How Does AI In Education Empower Educational Equity?
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Quick Answer: How Do You Delete A Message On Facebook Messenger After 10 Minutes?
How do you delete Facebook messages on both sides after 10 minutes?
Step 1- Go to the Facebook conversation you would like to delete from both sides after 10 minutes.
Step 2- Click on the Action gear icon & choose option Report Spam or Abuse from the pop-up menu that appears..
Why can't I remove a message for everyone on messenger after 10 minutes?
For up to 10 minutes after a message is sent, users will soon have the option to delete that message from the conversation. To do this, users need only to tap the message once and select "Remove for Everyone."
How can you tell if someone has deleted your message on messenger?
Does deleting a message on messenger delete it for the other person?
Using "delete" in the messenger deletes the message in your version of the thread but not the recipient's. So deleting a message or conversation from your inbox won't delete it from your friend's inbox. It isn't possible to delete sent or received messages from a friend's inbox.
Q: How to delete shared photos on Messenger permanently from both sides? A: Tap and hold the photo you want to delete. Now, click on "Remove" and then, click on "Remove for Everyone" and finally, confirm the deletion. You'll the message with the thread, stating "You removed messages" on the bottom of your screen.
When someone blocks you on Messenger only, you will still see them on your list but can't send them messages or view their last seen or online status. However, you must note that this doesn't only happen when a user blocks you. You will also not be able to interact with them if they deactivate their Facebook account.
How do you delete Messenger chats from everyone?
Does the other person know when you delete a conversation on Facebook?
How do you delete Imessages on both sides?
On your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touchIn a message conversation, touch and hold the message bubble or attachment that you want to delete.Tap More.Tap Trash, then tap Delete Message. If you want to delete all messages in the thread tap Delete All, in the upper-left corner. Then tap Delete Conversation.Aug 19, 2020
Why can't I delete my messages on messenger?
Apparently, you cannot delete one message from new Facebook Messages. You can only delete the entire correspondence with a given person. Since the messages are grouped by friend, you would have to delete all your correspondence.
Can a blocked person see old messages?
Can blocked Facebook users see old messages?
Why delete for everyone option is not coming?
Time Limit for Deleting WhatsApp Messages You can unsend messages within an hour of sending them only. After that, you will not see the Delete for everyone option. So, if it's missing when you press the delete icon, you might be trying to delete it after an hour of sending a message.
How do you delete Facebook messages on both sides after a long time?
Will Blocking someone on Facebook delete messages?
How do I permanently delete messages from messenger?
To delete a conversation in Facebook Messenger using the app, hold down your finger on the conversation and then tap "Delete." Confirm you want to delete the conversation to delete it permanently.
What happens when you Unsend a message on messenger?
If you selecting 'Unsend', Facebook Messenger will replace your message with a notice that says the message was unsent by you and it will have a 'Removed at [timestamp]'. … If you want to remove a message just for yourself, select "Remove for You" (others will still see your message with this option).
How do I permanently delete photos from Messenger?
To delete a message or photo:Open the conversation.Hover over the message or photo you want to delete.Click More.Click Remove > Remove.
Does deleting Facebook delete everything?


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* Download comes with a free subscription to our newsletter. You can unsubscribe any time. You will not get duplicate emails if you download more than one report.
Is there any research to confirm what minimum Sauna temp is generally required for this to occur?
Exposure to high temperature stresses the body, eliciting a rapid, robust response. The skin and core body temperatures increase markedly, and sweating ensues. The skin heats first, rising to 40°C (104°F), and then changes in core body temperature occur, rising slowly from 37°C (98.6°F, or normal) to 38°C (100.4°F) and then rapidly increasing to 39°C (102.2°F).?
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Connections 20071. Ancient Landscapes and Ancient Skies
We see the same sky and inhabit the same earth as the ancient Egyptians, Athenians, Mayans and Islamic thinkers did thousands of years ago. But unlike the modern world, ancient worlds do not separate earth from sky: for them, to understand human life in its natural environment is to understand its relation to the sphere of the heavens. Students in both courses in this two-course connection will learn to view the earth and sky together through the lenses of different ancient cultures.


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In a data warehousing scenario, it's not rare to replicate data of a source table to multiple destination tables, sometimes it's even required to distribute data of a source table to two or more tables depending on some condition. For example splitting data based on location. So how we can achieve this with SSIS?
SSIS provides several built-in transformation tasks to achieve these kinds of goals and in this tip I am going to discuss two of them:
Multicast Transformation and
Conditional Split Transformation and how they differ from each other.
Sometimes it's required to have multiple logical copies of source data of a single source table either for applying different transformation logic on each set or having each dataset for separate consumers, Multicast transformation helps to do this.
In nutshell, a Multicast transformation is used to create/distribute exact copies of the source dataset to one or more destination datasets. In this example I am going to distribute data from [HumanResources].[Employee] table to [HumanResources].[Employee1] and [HumanResources].[Employee2] tables, please note that the multicast transformation distributes the whole set of data to all outputs, it means if the [HumanResources].[Employee] table has 290 records then both [HumanResources].[Employee1] and [HumanResources].[Employee2] tables will have 290 records each as well.
Before creating the package, lets create some work tables which we will be using in this demonstration. These commands will just create empty tables based on the [HumanResources].[Employee] table structure in the AdventureWorks database.
-- Script #1 - Create work tables for demonstration
SELECT * INTO [HumanResources].[Employee1] FROM [HumanResources].[Employee]
SELECT * INTO [HumanResources].[Employee2] FROM [HumanResources].[Employee]
SELECT * INTO [HumanResources].[MaleEmployee] FROM [HumanResources].[Employee]
SELECT * INTO [HumanResources].[FemaleEmployee] FROM [HumanResources].[Employee]
Launch SQL Server Business Intelligence Development Studio and create a new project.
Let's start with a "Data Flow Task". Double click on it to open the Dataflow Pane and then drag an OLE DB Source on the working area and configure as shown below.
Then drag a Multicast Transformation and OLE DB Destination from the Toolbox as shown below and connect the tasks using the green arrow of OLE DB Source to the Multicast and then from the Multicast to the OLE DB Destination as shown below. Next right click on the OLE DB Destination and specify the destination connection manager and destination table as shown below. Please check the "Keep Identity" property on the OLE DB Destination editor to preserve the identity value coming from the source table we are using in this example.
Next drag another OLE DB Destination from the Toolbox, drag another green arrow from the Multicast to the new OLE DB Destination as shown below. Next right click on the second OLE DB Destination and specify the destination connection manager and destination table. Please check the "Keep Identity" property for this one as well.
Once you are done with all these configuration, just hit F5 or click on the Play icon on the IDE, then you can see the execution of the package.
Please note the below image, from the source there are 290 records and both destination tables have 290 records written as well as they should.
Multicast transformation was introduced in SSIS 2005 and further enhanced and optimized in SSIS 2008 to use multithreading while writing data to multiple destination refer to this article.
Conditional Split Transformation
Conditional Split Transformation is used to categorize the incoming source data into multiple categories as per defined conditions. What I mean here is, very much like the SWITCH CASE statement of any programming language, the conditional split transformation tests each incoming row on those defined conditions and wherever it matches with any of them it directs the row to that destination.
For example, consider you have a customer table, you want data of this table to be categorized on the basis of Age into Juniors, Adults and Seniors, another example, which I will be demonstrating in this tip, is if you have an employee table and you want data to be divided into Male and Female based on the value in the Gender column.
Conditional split also provides a default output in the case that the incoming row does not match any of the defined conditions, the row goes to the default output. This default output is normally used to move erroneous rows to a separate table.
Let's create another package and drag a Data Flow Task. Double click on it to open the Data Flow pane, now drag an OLE DB Source on the working area and configure it like this.
Then drag a Conditional Split Transformation from the Toolbox, drag the tiny green arrow of the OLE DB Source to the Conditional Split Transformation and configure it like this.
Next drag an OLE DB Destination and then drag the tiny green arrow from the Conditional Split Transformation to the OLE DB Destination. At this point it will ask you the condition to use which you just setup in the previous step. For the first one I selected "Case Female" and then I setup my OLE DB Destination as shown below. Once you are done with this OLE DB Destination configuration for Female, you need to repeat the same process for another OLE DB Destination configuration for Male.
After this has been setup you can execute the package and it should look like the below image. As you can see out of the 290 source records 84 are related to female and moved to the FemaleEmployee table and 206 records are related to male and hence moved to the MaleEmployee table.
So finally, the basic difference between Multicast Transformation and Conditional Split transformation is that Multicast Transformation generates exact copies of the source data, it means each recipient will have same number of records as the source whereas the Conditional Split Transformation divides the source data on the basis of defined conditions and if no rows match with this defined conditions those rows are put on default output.
Once you are done with these practical exercises, you can dropped all the objects which we created for these demonstration with this cleanup code provided below:
-- Script #2 - Cleanup script for work tables we created
IF OBJECT_ID('AdventureWorks.HumanResources.Employee1') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE [HumanResources].[Employee1]
IF OBJECT_ID('AdventureWorks.HumanResources.Employee2') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE [HumanResources].[Employee2]
IF OBJECT_ID('AdventureWorks.HumanResources.MaleEmployee') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE [HumanResources].[MaleEmployee]
IF OBJECT_ID('AdventureWorks.HumanResources.FemaleEmployee') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE [HumanResources].[FemaleEmployee]


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This new edition of Real Teams contains all new activities and resource materials. It is designed to help you and your team members gain insights and understanding about your team's dynamics through Real Colors concepts. Through this workshop, participants will be taken through a series of fast-paced, interactive, and fun activities, allowing them to learn the strengths of each of the Real Colors first-hand. Exploring the concepts of trust, opportunities for growth, and what successful teams look like through the lens of Real Colors, participants will leave the workshop will applicable knowledge and skills that will help them work better together.
By the end of this workshop you will be able to:
1. Describe the common characteristics of a successful team
2. Recall at least two strengths each Real Color brings to the team
3. Discuss the differences between the four Real Colors regarding the building and maintaining of team trust
4. Examine the opportunity for self-growth and how this positively impacts the team
5. Effectively and appropriately apply Real Colors concepts when working on a team
You must be Real Colors Certified to purchase this product.


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Pore Over vs. Pour Over
hard time
a period of difficulties or hardship.
He had merely been fined before, but now was sentenced to 90 days' hard time in the county jail.
give a hard time, Informal. to bother, annoy, or harass:
He gave me a hard time about the money I owe him.
Origin of hard time
1905-10 Unabridged
Cite This Source
Examples from the Web for hard time
Contemporary Examples
Historical Examples
 - "You would have a hard time making Father see that," put in Gloria, with a smile.
 Philip Dru: Administrator Edward Mandell House
 - Poor souls, they have had a hard time since the heavy rains began.
 - I have had a hard time of it, so far; but now I have taken my life into my own hands, and I mean to live it out.
 The Black Cat John Todhunter
 - You and Burton may have a hard time of it if Hogan and Wynn are together.
 Owen Clancy's Happy Trail Burt L. Standish
 - "He would have had a hard time stopping him," Johnny chuckled.
 Red Dynamite Roy J. Snell
Slang definitions & phrases for hard time
hard time
noun phrase
Time actually spent in prison by a sentenced criminal: Hard men are serving hard time 10 miles down the road (1930s+ Underworld)
Related Terms
give someone a hard time
Copyright (C) 2007 by HarperCollins Publishers.
Cite This Source
Idioms and Phrases with hard time
hard time
Also, hard times. A period of difficulty or hardship, especially financial hardship. For example, Since Mom died, Christmas has been a hard time for Dad, or It's been hard times for both of them since they split up. It is also put as have a hard time, as in I'm having a hard time finishing this book. Charles Dickens used Hard Times as the title of a novel about poverty (1854). A more recent version is have a time of it, which despite its ambiguity (not specifying either "good" or "bad") nearly always means "experiencing difficulty"; for example, We had quite a time of it in that hurricane. [ Late 1300s ]
give someone a hard time. Annoy or harass someone. For example, Don't let him give you a hard time; he's often late himself. [ ; early 1900s ]
The American Heritage® Idioms Dictionary
Cite This Source
Word of the Day
Difficulty index for hard time
Few English speakers likely know this word
Word Value for hard
Scrabble Words With Friends
Nearby words for hard time


Researchers develop smart 'Chesma' that tracks eye movements
New York, August 21 (IANS) Scientists, including one of Indian-origin, have developed smart eyewear to track eye movement and cardiac data without compromising users comfort.
The eyewear known as 'Chesma' provides accurate measurements in an everyday environment for physiological and psychological studies.
"Our mask can track people's eye movement as they're shown images, so you can start to understand what they're paying attention to, for how long, whether they keep finding other places to look," said senior author Trisha L Andrew from University of Massachusetts Amherst in the US.
Current technology for eye movement tracking relies on electrooculography (EOG), a technique designed over 50 years ago to measure the eye's electrical potential changes.
"The problem is that you have to stick those adhesive electrodes on your face. But people tend to be a little finicky about stuff put on their face, unsurprisingly," Andrew said in a paper published in the journal Matter.
One challenge in designing smart wearable is developing products that provide both accuracy and comfort.
To achieve that, the research team developed a novel hydrogel electrode by growing polymers on fabrics.
Reaching the nooks and cranny of the fibre pattern, the hydrogel polymer bonds to and covers the fabric's topology, resulting in a mechanically stable coating that is imperceptible to one's eye and touch, the team said.
They then combined these hydrogel electrodes with a pulse sensor to create an eye mask that can track eye movements and collect cardiac signals from the artery located at the brow bone.
"Our team was able to really address that core problem to create a garment that you would be willing to wear and give you clinically accurate results when you use it," Andrew said.
One clinical use of the mask might be to monitor sleep.
One of the biggest classifiers between sleep stages is how radically you move your eyes," she said.
"We could correlate some of these sleep stages and also start to understand whether you have sleep disorder problems or if you have some underlying heart rate issues," Andrew informed.
Besides performing as well as the adhesive clinical electrodes currently in use, the hydrogel electrodes used in 'Chesma' are extremely durable.
The hydrogel can resist long-term build-up from makeup, pollution, and skin waste that may fault the electrodes, as well as withstand 15 laundry cycles.
The researchers found that Chesma's signal did not display any degradation after six hours of continuous use without rehydrating the hydrogel, suggesting that it could be worn for long periods of time.
The research team now aims to reduce the power demand of the device, which would allow users to charge the device once every three nights instead of every 8 hours.


text:
Origin: LL exarchus, overseer of monasteries < Gr exarchos, leader, chief (in LGr, prefect, bishop): see ex- & -arch
Origin: < ex- + Gr archē, beginning
See exarch in American Heritage Dictionary 4
Origin: Late Latin exarchus, an overseer
Origin:, from Greek exarkhos
Origin:, from exarkhein, to lead
Origin: : ex-, exOrigin: + arkhein, to rule.
Origin: + Greek arkhē, beginning (from arkhein, to rule, begin).
Learn more about exarch


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With proper attention to detail, fluids can be removed from disc recordings as effectively by either manual methods or with the assistance of a vacuum driven pickup. Limitations to the efficiency and effectiveness of the latter approach primarily involve the design of the vacuum orifice. The slot in the vacuum wand of most machines is sized and configured in such a manner that fluids tend to be evaporated as much as sucked through the tube and into an appropriate reservoir. This process results in sufficient turbulence at the face of the vacuum slot to aerosol fluids onto the vacuum strips and the record. At the least this necessitates that the wand be rinsed between wash and rinse steps, slowing the process down.
Modifications for VPI and similar machines:
1) Purchase a second wand and column, dedicating one to the wash cycle and another to the rinse.
2) Remove & rinse the single wand in distilled water between each wash-rinse step.
3) Use a small, notched aluminum loaf pan or similar container partially filled with distilled water & either raise it to the wand or lower the wand into the container sitting on the deck of the machine.
4) Manually remove the Cleaner & use the vacuum to remove fluids following the distilled water rinse.
** Cleaning fluids should be applied to the brush and then dispersed about the disc rather than directly to the record surface.** Rinse water can be applied directly to the record surface but the brush should be well wetted whenever it contacts the disc. We do not find the brushes supplied with current record cleaning machines to be adequate for either cleaning or rinsing. In our hands, the back & forth scrubbing motion described in our Cleaning Procedure affords a more consistent result than holding a brush down to a rotating record, even when bi-directional rotation is used and do not recommend this approach.
Allow the vacuum wand one revolution plus a finger width and stop. *The fine film of moisture which remains after the Cleaner is removed is advantageous to the rinse step*. The film of moisture remaining after the rinse cycle is thoroughly degreased & any lint (from cloth or paper) remaining after the disc is completely dry, is readily removed with a clean carbon fiber brush.
** Final drying of the record surface & label area should only be accomplished.by air drying at ambient temperature to prevent statically charging the cleaned surface.
Full area support is required for thorough scrubbing. Using a second platter mat on top of the primary work surface eliminates the need to clean the lower surface as you go from one side of the disc to the other. Some users prefer to clean one side of a set of discs, holding them in a vinyl covered dish rack or 2 until they're ready to repeat the process on the second sides.


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Student Equity Committee
What is Student Equity?
Purpose of the Equity Committee
The Equity Committee is advisory to appropriate college bodies regarding student equity issues and efforts. These bodies include the Student Services Council, Academic Senate, ASGC, and Presidents Council. It is a joint committee of administration, faculty, classified staff and students. The roles of the Committee for Student Equity include:
1. To create and update the current student equity plan in consultation with appropriate campus bodies and constituencies in accordance with the California Code of Regulations Title 5, Section 54220 in the areas of access, course completion, basic skills and transfer.
2. To gather data and identify target populations related to student equity that are unique to our college and community.
3. To make recommendations to college bodies and administration on matters pertaining to improving student equity, access and achievement.
4. To raise awareness of cultural competency, spectrum of diversity and the imperative of equity in our college community.
5. To evaluate and allocate resources to meet the needs of disproportionately impacted populations
Intent of the Student Equity Plan
The intent of the Student Equity plan is to meet the provision required by the California Community College Chancellors Office to ensure equitable educational outcomes and equal educational opportunities that promote success for all students regardless of race, gender, disability or economic circumstance. According to the Community College Chancellors Office Student Equity is defined as helping students achieve equal outcomes on success indicators as compared to either their own percentages in the community or college student body, or to other student groups. The five indicators include access, course completion, E.S.L. and Basic Skills completion, degree and certificate completion, and transfer. The following outlines the findings of Gavilan Colleges Office of Institutional Research in exploring the inequities that exist at Gavilan College as they relate to the five indicators.


Friday, June 06, 2008
Amory Lovins and His Nuclear Illusion – Part Two (Big Plants vs. Small Plants)
Two days ago I began a series that critically looks into Amory Lovins' and the Rocky Mountain Institute's latest paper against nuclear energy. Today's post discusses the claim that small plants (termed "micropower") are turning in a "stunning performance" and are the way to go. There are two parts to this post: exposing the flaws in their "micropower" data and discussing the differences of big plants and small plants.
Does RMI's data fit their definition?
From RMI's condensed version:
Despite their small individual size, micropower generators and electrical savings are already adding up to huge totals.
After reading and researching RMI's data, it is still unclear to me what size power plants RMI counts as "micropower." Here's RMI's definition on page 11 (pdf):
So I'm assuming that the size of "micropower" plants is 10 MW or less. The only problem with this is that the data and sources RMI uses do not tell you the size of the plants. According to the data from the 2005 WADE Survey (pdf) that RMI uses, there are about 300 GW of decentralized capacity in the world. The WADE Survey does not mention the average size of the plants included in their data. So basically we don't know if the data includes all large plants, all small plants, or a mix. If RMI's original source doesn't tell us, how can RMI claim that the data is "micropower"?
According to data from Ventyx/Global Energy Decisions (NEI subscribes to their large energy database), the size of the average co-generating power plant in the U.S. is 54 MW. There are a total of 80 GW of co-generating capacity operating in the U.S. (same number reported in WADE's 2005 Survey on page 27). Of the 80 GW, only 3 GW are less than 10 MW in capacity. Based on just the U.S. data, the majority of the co-generating plants don't meet the size criteria of "micropower."
Distributed (decentralized) renewables are the other half of the definition of "micropower." The problem is that RMI's data includes centralized renewables. RMI's Excel spreadsheet shows that the world added 11,471 MW of wind capacity in 2005. According to page 35 of the 2006 WADE Survey (pdf), only 5 percent of this wind capacity is distributed:
On-site wind systems: according to the Global Wind Energy Council, 11,769 MW of wind capacity was installed around the world in 2005. WADE has assumed that about 5% of this is DE [decentralized energy] based, translating into 0.93 TWh based on an 18% load factor.
It seems RMI's own data doesn't meet its definition.
One more point. If "micropower" is supposedly turning in a "stunning performance," then it is clearly not happening in the U.S. The chart below shows how much and what type of power plant capacities have been added in the U.S. since 1950. The chart also shows the average plant size built each year.
If "micropower" is recently turning in a "stunning performance," then the average new plant size shouldn't be as high as it is. The average plant size for the U.S. should at least be down in the 20-40 MW range, but it isn't. The two times the U.S. has built a substantial amount of capacity during a short period of time also saw a scale up in the average plant size being built. RMI could argue that the rest of the world is flourishing with "micropower," but their data so far hasn't shown it.
The Virtue of Big Plants
From RMI's condensed version:
Indeed, over decades, negawatts and micropower can shoulder the entire burden of powering the economy.
The keywords are "can shoulder" a big economy. It doesn't mean the economy should be run by small plants. The fact is that big plants yield greater efficiencies and economies of scale than small plants. From page 59 in The Bottomless Well:
Bigger systems are easier to keep hot because they have less surface per unit of volume, and because they can be surrounded by materials like concrete and steel that can both contain and survive the heat. There is, of course, much more than that to engineering efficient power plants. But first and foremost, the rule is simple: bigger can be hotter, and hotter is more efficient. So, decade by decade through the first century of electricity, power plants grew bigger, and in so doing grew more efficient.
Amory Lovins and RMI proclaim the benefits of efficiency all the time. What is perplexing is why they would be against bigger plants considering bigger plants are more efficient than smaller plants.
Here are the numbers. According to data from Ventyx/Global Energy Decisions, of all U.S. cogeneration gas plants, those smaller than 100 MW have the lowest thermal efficiencies. Their average heat rate is about 11,600 Btus/kWh and their average thermal efficiency is 30.1 percent. Nearly one-quarter of the U.S.' gas plants are 100 MW or less and their average thermal efficiency is 29.3 percent (includes cogen and non-cogen plants). Thermal efficiencies dramatically improve for gas plants greater than 200 MW.
Nuclear plants average a 10,400 Btu/kWh heat rate which calculates into a 32.7 percent thermal efficiency. Newer and bigger nuclear plants are expected to operate at greater thermal efficiencies nearly matching today's combined cycle power plants. Mitsubishi's 1,700 MW Advanced Pressurized Water Reactor is designed to achieve a thermal efficiency of 39 percent. Westinghouse's AP1000 is designed for a 35.1 percent thermal efficiency. GE's ESBWR is designed for a 34.7 percent thermal efficiency. And AREVA's EPR is designed for a 36-37 percent thermal efficiency depending on site conditions.
From RMI:
Small, quickly built units are faster to deploy for a given total effect than a few big, slowly built units.
Well of course smaller plants can be built faster than larger plants. But how small are we talking about and is it practical?
As stated above, small supposedly means 10 MW or less. A new nuclear plant ranges from 1,100 MW to 1,700 MW. If we need 1,100 MW to meet demand, is it practical to build 110 small plants or just one big plant? If 1,110 MW was all that was needed, one could argue 110 small plants are practical. But 1,110 MW is not all that's needed.
According to EIA's Annual Energy Outlook 2008, the U.S. needs to build another 260,000 MW of capacity by 2030 to meet growing demand. It's not practical to meet that demand by building 26,000 small plants when we can build 260 large plants - especially since larger plants yield greater efficiencies in the first place.
Now this isn't to say small plants aren't worthwhile to build. The size of the plants needed depends largely on the market demands. But when a country operates about one million megawatts of capacity like the U.S., a lot of small plants simply are impractical to build. Especially when one large plant like a nuclear plant is small compared to the overall market it serves.
If economies of scale and greater efficiencies do not exist with bigger machines, then the wind industry would still be building kilowatt wind turbines instead of megawatt wind turbines. Contrary to what RMI believes, there is no one-size fits all solution.
Anonymous said...
If large power plants apparently have a high efficiency, how come that large, inflexible nuclear power plants only have an efficiency of 33% (not including distribution losses) and flexible, combined heat and power plant an overall efficiency of over 80%?
Why use the electricity generated in a large power plant to power wasteful electric heaters, when one can use the waste heat of a smaller plant directly?
Anonymous said...
How come the small, flexible 0.05 MW combustion engine in the Toyota Prius has a higher efficiency than a inflexible 1600 MW nuclear reactor?
Kirk Sorensen said...
My guess would be higher heat of combustion. Basic Carnot principles.
Anonymous said...
A CHP (combined heating power) plant does not produce electricity at 80% thermal efficiency. It just uses the waste heat to do things such as heat water. You cannot compare the "efficiency" of a CHP to a NPP: that's just misleading.
The prius will get an optimum of 30-35% thermal efficiency, that's nothing special of an internal combustion engine, especially one of such small displacement.
I will say that NPP efficiency is nothing special. Super critical coal plants achieve 45%. Natural gas combined cycles achieve 50%+.
Luke said...
"Combined heat and power" is simply referring to re-using the waste heat from any thermal engine, and thus increasing the overall energy conversion efficiency of the process.
You can apply that idea to any thermal engine using any heat source - natural gas for example, or coal, or a nuclear reactor - it doesn't matter.
It's just as feasible to, say, capture the waste heat from a nuclear heated Brayton cycle gas turbine in an organic


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Bovolo, Francesca and Bruzzone, Lorenzo and Marconcini, Mattia and Persello, Claudio (2006) A Novel Context-Sensitive SVM for Classification of Remote Sensing Images. UNSPECIFIED. (Unpublished)
In this paper, a novel context-sensitive classification technique based on Support Vector Machines (CS-SVM) is proposed. This technique aims at exploiting the promising SVM method for classification of 2-D (or n-D) scenes by considering the spatial-context information of the pixel to be analyzed. In greater detail, the proposed architecture properly exploits the spatial-context information for: i) increasing the robustness of the learning procedure of SVMs to the noise present in the training set (mislabeled training samples); ii) regularizing the classification maps. The first property is achieved by introducing a context-sensitive term in the objective function to be minimized for defining the decision hyperplane in the SVM kernel space. The second property is obtained including in the classification procedure of a generic pattern the information of neighboring pixels. Experiments carried out on very high geometrical resolution images confirm the validity of the proposed technique.
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Comunicados de prensa
Zimbabwe: Forced evictions leave thousands of children without access to education
The Zimbabwean government must ensure that children living in the settlements it created to re-house those made homeless by its mass forced eviction program six years ago are able to go to school, Amnesty International said in a report released today.
'Left behind: The impact of Zimbabwe's mass forced evictions on the right to education' shows how thousands of children and young people forced from their homes during Operation Murambatsvina are unlikely to access adequate schooling.
"These government-created settlements were supposed to offer the victims of forced evictions a better life," said Michelle Kagari, Amnesty International's deputy Africa director. "Instead the victims have been driven deeper into poverty while denial of education means young people have no real prospect of extricating themselves from continuing destitution."
"The government's removal of people from places where they had access to education, and its subsequent failure to provide education has struck a devastating blow to the lives and dreams of thousands of children," said Michelle Kagari.
The government justified its 2005 mass evictions program, Operation Murambatsvina, by claiming that the communities evicted were living in deplorable conditions. They set up a housing scheme named Operation Garikai (Better Life) to re-settle several thousand of the 700,000 victims of the eviction program promising them better access to services.
Thousands of children and young people were forced to move away from their schools, in some cases school buildings were destroyed by the eviction program.
Many families were left destitute because their homes and sources of livelihoods, such as markets and small businesses, were destroyed during the forced evictions, so they could no longer afford the school fees and costs of uniforms and stationary.
Six years on, the majority of those allocated land and or housing under Operation Garikai are living in plastic shacks or other poorly constructed structures with no access to roads, public transport or job opportunities.
Many young people told Amnesty International that after the evictions they were forced to find work to help feed their families. In one settlement called Hatcliffe Extension children as young as 13 seek construction work in neighbouring communities to earn a living. Many young women said that when they were unable to attend school they decided to get married.
Irene, a 21 year old living at Hopley who married in 2007 aged 17 told Amnesty International:
"I decided to get married so that I could have someone to provide for me. I could not get a job. I did not want to go into sex work like most of the girls who dropped out of school."
In some settlements, such as Hopley and Hatcliffe Extension, community groups and individuals have set up unregistered schools to provide some education for children. However, a lack of trained teachers, furniture, stationary and no supervision from the Ministry of Education mean that the quality of education is poor.
Fatima, a young woman from Hopley said:
"While we send the children to community school I am still concerned about the quality of the education. There is barely any learning going on. There are no books and trained teachers. It's just sending the children to while up time since we really have no alternative."
Amnesty International also found that children attending unregistered community primary schools at Hopley settlement risked not being able to sit exams as the examination board does not recognise the unregistered schools as examination centres. Children who don't sit the exam cannot enrol for secondary education and end up dropping out.
"It is appalling that a government can get away with making life harder for its poorest and most vulnerable people. The Zimbabwean authorities must immediately use all available resources to adopt and implement a national education strategy which ensures that all children access free primary education," said Michelle Kagari.


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You are looking at historical revision 24304 of this page. It may differ significantly from its current revision.
- Version History
Design by Contract
"Design by contract" is a metaphor coined by Bertrand Meyer for his purely object oriented language Eiffel. The idea behind it is to separate the concerns of suppliers and clients of software modules: The client of a routine is responsible for calling it with correct arguments. The supplier can rely on it, she/he mustn't check it again. The supplier in turn is responsible for delivering correct results, provided the routine's arguments are valid. If not, the supplier needn't do any work at all.
In this metaphor a module is something like a contract between the supplier and the client of that module. But like a contract in social life, it's useless if not properly documented. Hence the "small print" of our module should be documented automatically, so that each party knows about each others duties....
Another metaphor of Meyer's is "command-query-separation", where in Eiffel a command is working by side effect (it changes the object's state) and a query is a pure function (it reports the object's state without changing it). His advice is, never to do both in one routine, write two instead.
Implementation and use
This module is an attempt to bring Design by Contract to Chicken Scheme. In effect, it replaces define and define-syntax by new macros define-with-contract and define-syntax-with-contract respectively, where - in the long form - the lambda or syntax-rules expression is preceeded by a contract expression. A short form is available as well, where the call pattern of the procedure is followed by the contract clauses and the procedure's body.
To achieve automatic documentation, these two macros have to be wrapped by a call of the parameter
initializing documentation and the definition
(define module-name (doclist->dispatcher (doclist)))
saving it in a dispatcher routine.
The case of procedures
For procedures a contract expression starts with the symbol contract and contains a list of clauses, where each clause is either
- the pattern of a typical procedure's call, the only required clause,
- a documentation string,
- a list starting with the keyword domain: and containing checks of the assumptions,
- a list starting with the keyword results: containing variable names which are bound to the results of the procedure; if this list is not supplied (results: result) is assumed,
- a list starting with the keyword range: containing checks of the propositions on the results,
- a list starting with the keyword effect: which contains triples of the form (state query change [equ?]) where state is bound to the query expression before the command call and the change expression is compared with equal? [or equ?, if supplied] to another call of query after the command call.
Note, that command-query-separation demands, that only one of a range: and an effect: clause are allowed.
The case of macros
For syntax-rules macros (and the [ir-]macro-rules or er-macro-rules macros of the (ir-|er-)macros eggs) the contract expression is simply a docstring. After all, those macro-transformers have domain checks already built-in in form of the pattern matching process, it needs only be automatically documented.
For raw low-level macros based on (er-|ir-)macro-transformer, it's a list starting with the keyword forms: which contains the admissible patterns of the macro's call and a mandatory documentation string.
contract[syntax] (contract (name. args) clause...)
where each clause is one of
- a documentation string
- (domain: assumption...)
- (results: result0 result1...)
If this clause is not supplied (results: result) is assumed.
- (range: proposition...)
- (effect: (state query change [equ?])...)
 (define-with-contract name (contract (name. args) clause...) (lambda args. body)) | (define-with-contract name
(let ((var val)...) (contract (name. args) clause...) (lambda args. body)))
 | (define-with-contract (name. args)
clause.... body)
where the admissible clauses are described above and instead of let another binding construct can be used as well.
define-syntax-with-contract[syntax] (define-syntax-with-contract name docstring rules)
or[syntax] (define-syntax-with-contract name (forms: form0 form1... docstring) transformer)
where docstring is a documentation string, rules is either a syntax-rules expression or one of er-macro-rules, [ir-]macro-rules from the (ir-|er-)macros package, each form is the pattern of an admissible call of name and transformer is a raw low-level macro-transformer.
doclist[parameter] (doclist '())
should be called before the first define[-syntax]-with-contract expression to initialize automatic documentation.
doclist->dispatcher[procedure] (doclist->dispatcher (doclist))
saves (doclist) in a dispatcher. A typical use is
(define module-name (doclist->dispatcher (doclist)))
which should be called after the last define[-syntax]-with-contract expression to save the automatic documentation in module-name. This procedure can than be called by the module's client with or without a symbol argument.
Without argument the call returns the list of exported symbols, with argument the call returns the textual representaion of the contract of the module's exported symbol sym.
prints the documentation of the whole module in readable form.
contracts[procedure] (contracts [sym])
prints the contract of the exported symbol sym of the contracts module or the list of exported symbols when called as a thunk.
see the Design by Contracts tutorial in /design-by-contract
data-structures, extras, srfi-13
Copyright (c) 2011, Juergen Lorenz All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. Neither the name of the author nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
- changed (effect:...), removed (state:...) (invariant:...)
- some enhancements
- added print-doclist, fixed typo in setup script reported by mario
- initial import


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Abstract. Knowledge bases have become ubiquitous assets in today's Web. They provide access to billions of statements about real-world entities derived from governmental, institutional, product-oriented, bibliographic, bio-chemical, and many other domain-oriented and general-purpose datasets. The sheer amount of statements that can be retrieved for a given entity calls for ranking techniques that return the most salient, i.e., globally relevant, statements as top results.
In this paper we analyze and compare various strategies for assigning global relevance scores to DBpedia facts with the goal to derive the best one among these strategies. Some of these strategies build on complementary aspects such as frequency and inverse document frequency, yet others combine structural information about the underlying knowledge graph with Webbased co-occurrence statistics for entity pairs. A user evaluation of the discussed approaches has been conducted on the popular DBpedia knowledge base with statistics derived from an indexed version of the ClueWeb09 corpus.
The created dataset can be seen as a strong baseline for comparing entity ranking strategies (especially, in terms of global relevance) and can be used as a building block for developing new ranking and mining techniques on linked data.


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Industrial productivity (or efficiency) can be defined or measured in three different ways. They are:
(i) Incremental Capital-output Ratio. Incremental capital-output ratio means how much capital is required to increase one unit of output. Suppose to increase one unit of output if we require 4 units of capital then the incremental capital-output ratio will be 4 : 1. This means, the higher the ratio, the lesser will be the productivity of capital investment.
The incremental capital-output ratio in Indian industries has risen over many years. It indicates decline in industrial productivity. But for the last few years it is showing signs of falling again, which is a good indication.
(ii) Total Factor Productivity (TFP). Total factor productivity measures the increase in output by adding a little of all factors in a combination of various factors of production. There are some indications which suggest that TFP is increasing in many Indian industries.
(iii) Domestic Resource Cost (DRC). When we compare the price of the product concerned in the international market with the cost of domestic resources for its production, it is called Domestic Resource Cost at international prices. It measures the industrial productivity (or efficiency) in comparison to rest of the world. On the basis of this measure many capital goods such as electric machinery and some of the machine tools produced by Indian industries have high efficiency. But in most of the areas of advanced technology Indian industries are less efficient.
Causes of Inefficiency and Low Productivity in Indian Industries
Keeping in view all the three above-mentioned criteria, the productivity (or efficiency) in Indian industrial sector is generally low. Following are the main causes of this low productivity
(i) Lack of incentives and facilities for technology up-gradation.
(ii) Lack of facilities for Research and Development activities.
(iii) Lack of incentives and support for modernisation of plant and machinery.
(iv) Lack of adequate infrastructural facilities like power supply
(v) Lack of financial resources.
(vi) Industrial disputes and lack of work-culture.
To improve industrial productivity we have to tackle the abovementioned causes effectively and urgently.


text: This paper studies platform bifurcation, the process in which a subgroup of users from an original platform launches an independent spin-off platform. We identify the effects of bifurcation using a difference-in-differences approach that exploits the introduction of spin-off platforms in an online platform incubator. We find that bifurcation leads to a strong overall increase in contributions. While contributions to the home platform decline, the two bifurcated platforms generate more combined user contributions and attract more new users compared to a single united platform. We further explore how interconnectivity and platform differentiation affect users' choice of platform. Our evidence indicates that users are less likely to migrate from an incumbent platform to a new, specialized platform when interconnectivity is strong but more likely to migrate when the specialized platform enables more differentiation. This paper is the first to empirically analyze the strategic implications of new platform entry at scale and to document the moderating role of interconnectivity and platform differentiation.