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Literature review of how telecentres operate and have an impact on e-inclusion
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This report includes the results of the research project 'Exploratory study on explanations and theories of how Telecentres and other community-based e-Inclusion actors operate and have an impact on digital and social inclusion policy goals'. This study was commissioned by IPTS to feed into a forthcoming 2-year research project: Measuring the impact of eInclusion actors on Digital Literacy, Skills and Inclusion goals (MIREIA). The literature review presented in this report was designed to capture the theories and explanations represented in the existing body of research in order to: 1) Provide a comprehensive and multidisciplinary landscape on theories and analytical frameworks; analyze the value of these theories and analytical frameworks based on predefined criteria and; 2) Develop recommendations on the most promising theoretical pillars that could inform the future research mentioned above. A two-phase research approach was designed: 1) An extended mapping of the literature from the last ten years in which over 100 articles, reports and books were reviewed, coded and identified the most dominant and/or common explanations in relation to the work of e-Inclusion actors; and 2) a selection, categorization, and in-depth coding of these explanations vis-à-vis different impact areas, as well as in relation to institutional capacity. As a conclusion it has been noted that although a lot of the research on eInclusion is set out to measure impacts, in reality studies often end up with some measures of usage and analysis of why expected impacts were not achieved. In addition, there is a large proportion of available literature on telecenters and other such eInclusion actors which is based more on perceived potential than on demonstrated fact and highly contextualized studies, making it difficult to identify valid or reliable trends. These findings will be taken into account in the development of the different tasks of the MIREIA project.
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Jewellery designing is a process that involves skills, original ideas, creativity,and the ability to visualise and analyse for generating a concept. To create a particular concept, we need to acquire inspiration. When inspiration is achieved, half the work is completed. But, where does this inspiration come from? Jewellery designers often struggle with expressing their creativity because they fail to know where to begin. However, getting inspiration is not as difficult as it seems.
We are surrounded by countless things, objects, shapes, etc., that we encounter every day. The major design sources are in abundance, and we can get inspiration from all of them. If we start exploring the surroundings, we will find inspiration in anything, anywhere and everywhere. So, here are five incredible sources of inspiration for designing outstanding jewellery pieces.
Nature is an endless stock of ideas. When we create a piece of art, nature is reflected in it in some form or the other. A designer can get inspired by mountains or seas, trees or animals, vivid seasons or landscapes. It can be in any form; all you need is to look around and start creating pieces.
These sources are perfect for creating statement pieces that stand apart from the rest. Our history is magnificent and is a rich source of inspiration. Whether it is medieval or ancient, our history has remained marvellous. A designer can get historical inspirations from museums, monuments, sculptures, forts, calligraphy painting, etc. They can even give birth to new styles by re-interpreting historical art forms.
Rhythms and Sounds
Rhythms and sounds or music can sound a little weird of a source for designing jewellery. But, these can be a wonderful source of inspiration. We hear a lot of different sounds at different frequencies like birds chirping, wind blowing, babies giggling, etc. The wavelength of these sounds is so vivid that they can affect our mood altogether. When a designer tries to put them on paper, she/he will have ample concepts for designing.
Constellation and Heavenly Bodies
Our universe is vast and very beautiful. There are innumerable designs that we can observe in the sky, constellations, and other heavenly bodies. The whole part of the universe that has been discovered so far can lead to various inspirations and concepts.
Themes, Concepts and Other Sources
When we analyse things carefully, we can see a deep concept or theme in every single form. The emblems, religious symbols, monograms, logos, man-made things, cartoons, geometric symbols, etc., are also a good source of inspiration.
So, all you need to do now is sit back and explore these sources for your jewellery designs. Besides getting inspiration from these sources, you can also ask for help from experts.
KGK Group also offers countless arrays of gemstones that will help you achieve the desired concept.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


The word "vascular" means a system of tubes that transport materials across the plant body. In IX standard Plant tissues, the following topics were explained;
 1. Complex permanent tissue
 2. Vascular tissue
 3. Types of Vascular tissue
 4. Structure of xylem and phloem
 5. Functions of xylem and phloem
 6. Components of xylem and phloem
In this topic, the types of arrangement of vascular tissues are explained.
Xylem and phloem are the tissues present in a vascular tissue system of a plant. This tissue system helps the plant transport food, water and minerals from the root to the different parts of the plant.
 - Xylem transports water and minerals
 - Phloem transports food materials
Biological structure scheme of inner vascular in plant
These two tissues present in bundles, i.e., they are packed together closely and are called vascular bundles.
Monocot Stem: Vascular bundle in maize
Vascular bundles are of three types;
 1. Radial bundle
 2. Conjoint bundle
 3. Concentric bundle
1. Radial bundles:
Radial bundle
In the radial bundle, the xylem and phloem are present in the form of patches at different radii in alternative positions to each other.
The above diagram is showing the transverse section of a root. The arrangement of the xylem and phloem in the form of the radial bundle is shown. If we observe the arrangement of the xylem and phloem circumferentially, tissues are arranged in an alternative manner. Also, they are present at different radii. Generally, radial vascular bundles are present in roots.
2.Conjoint bundles:
In this type of bundles, the xylem and phloem are bundled together and lie on the same radius.
There are two types of conjoint bundles.
a) Collateral:
Left to right: Conjoint collateral open and conjoint collateral closed bundle
The xylem is in the centre (inner side), while the phloem is on the periphery (outside).
In the dicot stem, cambium is present between phloem and xylem. Because of cambium, such vascular (collateral) bundles can form secondary xylem and phloem tissues and are called open vascular bundles.
In monocot stem, the collateral bundles do not have cambium. Hence they lost the ability to form secondary tissues and are referred to as closed vascular bundles.
The above picture is showing the conjoint collateral bundles. The presence of cambium is referred to as an open bundle. In contrast, the absence of cambium is referred to as a closed bundle.
b) Bicollateral:
Conjoint bicollateral open
In a sandwich, the bread slice takes up two sides, while the fillings are on the inside. Similarly, in this type of bundle, the phloem is present on both the outer and inner side of the xylem.
c) Concentric bundles:
Screenshot 2021-06-04 111107.jpg
Left to right: Amphicribral or Hadrocentric and Amphivasal or Leptocentric
A vascular bundle in which the xylem completely surrounds the phloem or vice versa is called a concentric vascular bundle.
It is of two types.
1. Amphivasal or Leptocentric: When the xylem surrounds the phloem tissue from all sides, the vascular bundle is called the 'amphivasal vascular bundle'.
2.Amphicribral or Hadrocentric: In this type of vascular bundle, the xylem is located at the centre, surrounded by a ring of phloem.
The above picture is showing the amphivasal and amphicribral vascular bundle. We can see that xylem and phloem are arranged in concentric circles.
Protoxylem - The first formed primary xylem cells in a plant shoot/root.
Metaxylem - Later formed primary xylem cells in a plant shoot/root.
BeFunky-collage (52).jpg
Left to right: Endarch and exarch
The above picture is showing the endarch and exarch arrangements of the protoxylem and metaxylem.
Protoxylem lies towards the centre, and the metaxylem lies towards the periphery. Protoxylem is directed towards the periphery. The metaxylem lies in the centre.
This type of arrangement is found in the stem.This type of arrangement is found in roots.


On Writing: Ernest Hemingway
Hemingway Writing For Whom the Bell Tolls
Little Foxes
Take us the foxes, the little foxes, that spoil the vines: for our vines [have] tender grapes—Song of Solomon 2:15, KJV
Do we have "little foxes" that spoil an otherwise well-written piece of prose? Let me rephrase. Do we have too many "little foxes"? All of us writers have them. They often pop out on our pages while we're writing. Oftentimes, we're unaware of their presence.
Little wordy foxes are words we tend to overuse, words such as so and that. Every author has his/her own foxes, and we must be careful not to overdo ours. Many times, we don't need them.
Let's look at the word that.
 1. John thought that Billy played golf yesterday.
 2. John thought Billy played golf yesterday.
In the second example, I deleted that because the sentence is clear without it. A good way to identify when this word is unnecessary is when it follows a verb. In such cases, the word usually isn't needed. Read your that sentences without using it. Is your writing still clear? If it is, delete that.
Let's look at the word so.
 1. So, John sees you can cook.
 2. John sees Mary can cook.
 3. He lifted the bucket so he could dump out its contents.
The first example is acceptable in dialogue, but if we use lots of sentences starting with so in our narrative, write it like the second example. Example three is fine as well because it's used as a conjunction.
Do use these little verbal foxes, but use them correctly. Also, take care not to overdo them because if too many sneak in, they'll spoil our writing.
Till next week, friends!


text:
Sunday, June 6, 2010
the significance of a rice kernel
This scene is intended to portray the rice fields of Saigon. The rice fields symbolize so many things in the text-both good and bad. I separated the sky into two colors in order to illustrate this aspect. For instance, the "golden" sky is meant to reflect the "current of grace that runs through [the fields] (like golden light)" pictured on page 172 in Cao's text. However, as seen, the light in my drawing does "evolve" into darkness (the black color) as a means of representing the turmoil of war and even exile. The color red in the water is meant to represent the blood that was spilled in the war (among the luscious greens of the fields-emphasizing the contrasting memories that Lan Cao's family has of this specific terrain). I was really fascinated by the passage on pg. 172- especially when the mother says "She (i.e. Mai) has never known how it farmed, how it is loved, how a bowl of rice is also a bowl of sweat, a farmer's sweat, a mother's sweat." This really puts things into perspectivenever take anything for granted-because someone, somewhere, sacrificed in order for us to have it.


How did the men in Love Medicine lose their power and get it back?
Love Medicine
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Actually, they never really did....
One common vein in this anthology is the leit motif of disillusionment, which, etymologically speaking, means "the state or condition of not not-seeing." A certain ideal (blindness) is lost as the price to pay for confronting situations as they really are instead. Focusing on how relationships are rather than wasting time on speculating about how they should be is at the core of this work. In this sense, the historical "emasculation" of a whole tribal identity is the real issue here, as the Chippewa Indians reveal how they first flourished, then succumbed to a "might is right" political ethic:
In the late 1700s and early 1800s, the large areas of land in the western United States that were originally settled by Indians were known as Indian Territory. As white settlers moved westward, however, the United States government passed laws that removed the Indians from Indian Territory.
The government forced Indians to move to lands. As a result, many Indians had to learn new ways to support themselves. The Chippewa, for example, existed as hunters and fishermen when they lived on their original homelands. After being forced to the Great Plains regions, they had to become farmers if they were to survive.
Between 1830 and 1840, more than 70,000 members of the "Five Civilized Tribes" had to move to reservations. In Love Medicine, the Kashpaws and Lamartines lived on one such reservation, Turtle Mountain. Many Indians fought this forced resettlement in battles known as the Indian Wars.
- from love-medicine/historical-context
The "love medicine" referred to by title is the "magic potion" and false remedy for a dwindling ethnic minority seeking to preserve its identity. The battle of the sexes simply offers a context in which to address more global issues. Check out the following references for more background concerning this "Native American" (once again, a misnomer!) work.
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text:
Date of Award
Bachelor of Arts
Dr. A. F. Newcomb
The development of the Child and Adolescent Coping Inventory (Cobb, Gwanter, & Newcomb, 1987) is described and reliability and validity statistics are reported. The inventory consists of a parent form and a child form. The parent form contains 91 descriptions of children's behaviors when faced with difficulties. The child form is in interview format and asks children to describe seven positive and negative events and their reactions to them.The Inventory in both forms is capable of obtaining both observable and subjective reactions of children to stress. Reliability and validity is stronger for the child form. Suggestions are made for possible modifications to the Inventory.
McGraw, Laura K., "The development of the child and adolescent coping inventory" (1988). Honors Theses. 666.


Tignon Laws Forced Black Women To Cover Their Hair
historical landmarks | July 25, 2020
A Caribbean woman wearing a tignon. (Getty Images)
Black women often face discrimination and hardship on account of their "distracting" hair, and it turns out it's been happening since their earliest days in the U.S. While today, black hair is considered as fashionable as it is "unprofessional," there was a time when lawmakers forced black women to literally keep their hair under wraps.
Free Women of Color with their Children and Servants, oil painting by Agostino Brunias, Dominica, c. 1764–1796. (Agostino Brunias/Wikimedia Commons)
Down In New Orleans
New Orleans in the 1700s was a wildly diverse place, with settlers from France and Spain mingling with the Creole population as well as people of African and Caribbean descent. Every group brought the fashion of their culture with them, from the elaborate baroque dresses of France to the intricate braids, beads, and gems with which black women from all regions adorned their hair. This diversity didn't necessarily lead to equality, however. Just because many black Louisianans had earned enough money to buy their freedom didn't mean the balance of power didn't shift disproportionately toward white settlers, and white women—whose hair was usually ill-suited to such fanciful displays—weren't happy about being outshined by their black neighbors in that department.
Governor Esteban Rodriguez Miro. (Unknown artist/Wikimedia Commons)
An Appeal To The Governor
Eventually, the white women of Louisiana were so fed up with their beautiful black neighbors that they petitioned the governor to legally enforce their plainness, insisting that these evil "exotic" women were intentionally scheming to tempt white women's husbands away from them with their advanced cosmetology skills. That may not seem like a legal problem, but Governor Esteban Rodriguez Miro, committed to taking (some of) his people's demands seriously, agreed to take action. The resulting legislature became known as the Tignon Laws.
A tignon was meant to hide the wearer's hair. (The Louisiana Library Network/Wikimedia Commons)
The Tignon Laws
In 1786, Governor Esteban Rodriguez Miro enacted a law requiring black women in New Orleans to wear a tignon, a type of headdress or scarf, that completely concealed their hair. The law's purpose was twofold: It supposedly prevented black women from enticing white men with their hair, but it also served as a social indicator. Light-skinned black women who dressed extravagantly were often mistaken for white European women, and they couldn't have that.
Tignon Laws lasted until the early 1800s. (Yale Center for British Art/Wikimedia Commons)
A Tignon Fashion Statement
Long accustomed to making the best of a bad situation, the African, Caribbean, and Creole women of Louisiana turned the oppressive Tignon Laws into an opportunity to further display their cultural pride. They crafted their tignons out of colorful, luxurious fabrics and added jewels, ribbons, and flowers to turn the headdresses into bold statement pieces.
Some women still wear tignons today. (Tosha Noakes/Pexels)
The Decline And Rebirth Of Tignons
By the early 1800s, the Louisiana Tignon Laws were no longer enforced, and black women were more than ready to cast off their oppressive accessories. A century and a half later, however, tignons have experienced a rebirth. The tignons of today—available in a variety of styles, fabrics, and patterns—can be the crowning jewel of an elegant outfit.
Tags: 1700s | fashion | New Orleans | racism
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How to create your ideal emotional climate at home
Do you envy those families who seem to be harmonious all the time and wonder how you can also create your ideal emotional climate at home? Well, this begins with agreeing what are the feelings that are important to everyone in the family! This can be a relaxed and enriching experience involving your children by creating your family emotional charter together! After all, when you have their buy-in, it is more likely they will follow the rules!
Family Emotional Charter
I first learnt about the emotional charter from Dr. Marc Brackett and simply love the idea! So, why do you need a family emotional charter?
- Do you want to teach your child on the importance of feelings and respect towards one another's feelings?
- Do you wonder if you are meeting your child's emotional needs?
- Or, do you wish your child could understand how you feel?
- Is there a high level of tension or arguments that break out at home?
- Do you wish to create your ideal emotional climate at home?
Purpose of the Family Emotional Charter
In a Family Emotional Charter, the family come together to brainstorm and construct their own family charter. The purpose of the charter is to create the ideal emotional climate that the family wishes to experience together. Once constructed, the charter would help the family to:
- Identify the key feelings that are important to them to experience as a family
- Guide the behaviours as the family becomes mindful of choosing the behaviours or words that will help them to uphold the family charter
- Empowers one to call out an unacceptable behaviour by pointing the feeling in the Family Charter that's been violated or compromised, and gives opportunity to resolve any conflict
- Hence, creating your ideal emotional climate!
How to Create your Family Emotional Charter
So, last weekend, I finally got down to getting everyone come together to create our family emotional charter! I have modified Dr. Marc's charter to a simpler version that I find more practical for my family. So here it is!
- Each family member reflects and writes down the top 3-4 feelings they love to experience together as a family
- We then come together to write them on a visual board (the boys took the lead to write them out for us!)
- Everyone gets to clarify the meaning of the word on the board, or if the word is indeed a feeling word. However, no one is allowed to ask why the feeling is important to have for that person! This is key as all feelings are important.
- Everyone then discuss and vote on the top 3 feelings that are most important to experience as a family. We all can share our views, but ultimately this has to be an unanimous vote!
- The children then design the charter to include the agreed feelings in to the charter.
- Each family member signs and commits to uphold the charter!
- We also discuss how we would enforce the charter if someone is not adhering to it.
It's been a week since we did the Family Emotional Charter and I have to say it has been working out pretty well so far! There seems to be lesser or shorter episodes of conflicts, especially between the boys!


text: For spin-polarized electrons in the energy range of 8-21 eV incident off-normally on a W(110) surface, we have measured the energy distribution of secondary electrons using a time-of-flight technique and a position-sensitive detector. Selecting the elastically scattered electrons in the specular direction, we obtained the spin asymmetry of the (00) low-energy electron diffraction beam as a function of the primary electron energy and incidence angle. Calculations on the basis of a relativistic multiple scattering formalism, with potential input derived from the self-consistently calculated ground state electronic structure, yielded (00) beam spectra in rather good agreement with their experimental counterparts. In particular, we found a prominent asymmetry feature of about 60% slightly below the emergence threshold energy for two nonspecular beams. Its physical origin is a region of strong spin-orbit coupling between even and odd bulk states, but its size, sign, and energy depend sensitively on the surface potential barrier, which identifies it as a surface resonance. Experimentally, the surface sensitivity of the large asymmetry is revealed by its sign reversal after oxygen exposure.


Full Text Search
In this post, we are going to discuss a little about database searches and how to do a full text search on your SQL Azure database.
Explaining about the Properties of a SQL Azure Database
Entities in a database table usually have atomic attributes, like nvarchar, datetime or decimal. This means that they cannot be divided into smaller distinct pieces. Some consider this a requirement in order for the data model to be normalised. There some cases however where the existence and properties of a certain attribute can be dependant on another value of the entity or on a value of a related entity. In order to avoid over-granularization of the data (e.g. by creating an arbitrarily large number of distinct and somewhat dynamic tables) one can encapsulate these values into an object model. This object model can be stored in an nvarchar, JSON (see PostgreSQL) or XML format column.
There are some benefits to this technique:
 - The data will be stored in a semantic manner
 - Any two entities can not only have different values, but also different set of attributes, with different types
 - The structure of the data can easily accommodate even significant changes
 - The hierarchy can be represented between the attributes
Using This Model are there Limitations Running Full Text Search with SQL Azure?
Of course, there are a number of limitations when we use a model like this:
 - Increased query complexity
 - Simple SQL functions will be denied to execute on them
 - No sorting or grouping is possible (at least for now in SQL Azure).
Because of these reasons, running generic SQL queries in this column type can really grind even powerful machines to a halt. Even such small operations as a SELECT with a simple LIKE statement means that the server has to parse thousands of XML files, and do string interpolation on them. This is an operation that is fairly expensive and time-consuming in every scenario as well.
In one solution we have a number of business processes that share a large amount of generic information on their respective records. These are reference numbers, specific dates, and permissions.
There are some significant differences however in the details. Therefore, we decided on using an XML entity to represent these values. Over time the users wanted to be able to run queries on the data contained in these attributes as well. With Full-Text Search (FTS) made available on SQL Azure, we could fulfill their request.
Step by Step How to Run a Full Text Search on SQL Azure
In the case of Full-text Search, an engine examines all the words in every document.It returns only those that match the given search criteria.
To achieve this:
Firstly, create indexes for keywords on the given column in the given data table. These indexes are stored in objects called Catalogs. They are built based on the string terms found in the XML documents.
Secondly, build and populate these catalogs. For this, the server needs to index every row it already has in the given column. Processing them may take some time. Fortunately, it will automatically run as a background task. This means it should not interfere with the actual performance of the database.
FTS can be set up on views as well as tables. The only restriction is that the view must be schema-bound.
CREATE VIEW [dbo].[FullTextSearchView] WITH SCHEMABINDING AS (SELECT Id, Data FROM dbo.FullTextSearchTable)
Thirdly, create the catalog, and wire it up to the Data field. Please notice that these DDL statements can not be run in a transactional scope. Pay extra care setting up!
CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX ON [dbo].[FullTextSearchView](Data) KEY INDEX id_FullTextDataView ON dataViewCatalog;
From here there are only 2 steps left. These are to start the population of the catalog, and enable the FTS index.
Now the time is up for a cup of tea while the server is applying the indexes. The following query gives some insight on the status of the population process:
OBJECTPROPERTYEX(object_id(N'dbo.FullTextSearchView'), N'TableFulltextCatalogId') AS [Catalog Id],
OBJECTPROPERTYEX(object_id(N'dbo.FullTextSearchView'), N'TableHasActiveFulltextIndex') AS [Active],
CASE OBJECTPROPERTYEX(object_id(N'dbo.FullTextSearchView'), N'TableFulltextPopulateStatus')
 WHEN 0 THEN 'Idle'
 WHEN 1 THEN 'Full population in progress'
 WHEN 2 THEN 'Incremental population is in progress'
 WHEN 3 THEN 'Propagation of tracked changes is in progress'
 WHEN 4 THEN 'Background update index is in progress'
 WHEN 5 THEN 'Paused or throttled'
 WHEN 6 THEN 'Error'
 END AS [Populate status],
OBJECTPROPERTYEX(object_id(N'dbo.FullTextSearchView'), N'TableFullTextBackgroundUpdateIndexOn') AS [Background update index is on],
OBJECTPROPERTYEX(object_id(N'dbo.FullTextSearchView'), N'TableFullTextChangeTrackingOn') AS [Change tracking on],
OBJECTPROPERTYEX(object_id(N'dbo.FullTextSearchView'), N'TableFulltextDocsProcessed') AS [Docs processed],
OBJECTPROPERTYEX(object_id(N'dbo.FullTextSearchView'), N'TableFulltextFailCount') AS [Failure count],
OBJECTPROPERTYEX(object_id(N'dbo.FullTextSearchView'), N'TableFulltextItemCount') AS [Item count]
The number of successfully indexed documents can be found in the item count column.
The Completed Full Text Search SQL Azure Database
Once the population has finished, we can start querying the data. The two main functions that can be used with FTS (Full Text Search) are CONTAINS and FREETEXT. They serve different purposes and are capable of doing different tasks.
To extend our searching features we use CONTAINS. This is because we are interested in looking up some exact values that are contained in the documents. NHibernate does not support FTS natively so we have to format our queries as SQL statements. We then add them as extra criteria when needed to our underlying query engine.
It was at this time that the following problem came up. If we had more than one phrase to search for (and the result set should consist of elements containing all of them in the given order) the query discarded results where the phrases were glued together.
For example, if our input is "AAA BBB CCC", then the
clause will not return any row that has "AAABBBCCC".
This might be a problem if a search is directed to getting any combination back, and should disregard any whitespace. Also, it did not return any rows where we had any other strings between our terms, e.g. "AAA free BBB pizza CCC".
How to Search For Possible Solutions
To search for all the possible solutions we realized that we must search the following clauses:
 - Exact search "AAA BBB CCC"
 - Disregard whitespaces "AAABBBCCC*"
 - Proximity search "NEAR((AAA*, BBB*, CCC*))"
Fortunately, logical operators are allowed inside the CONTAINS function call. This means that these three options can be translated into just one statement:
Furthermore, let's assume that we are only interested in records where "AAA BBB CCC" appears as the value of the attribute called "name" under "items". If we have that information then we can chain the FTS query with some clever XPath, resulting in:
 AND Data.exist('/Record/items/name') > 0
 AND (Data.value('(/Record/items/name)[1]', 'nvarchar(255)') LIKE '%AAA%'
 OR Data.value('(/Record/items/name)[1]', 'nvarchar(255)') LIKE '%BBB%'
 OR Data.value('(/Record/items/name)[1]', 'nvarchar(255)') LIKE '%CCC%')
Get Coding!
Azure Licks: How to Run a Full-Text Search on SQL Azure is the second in 3 ( so far ) of our Azure Licks posts. In them, we try to improve your understanding of working with Azure and its many features. At Greenfinch Technologies we are well known for our expertise in working with Azure, especially (though not limited) with.NET Software Development.
If you have enjoyed this post about working with SQL Azure you might enjoy our other 2 Azure Licks posts. These are:
.Net Software Development
Greenfinch Technology
Greenfinch Technology


text:
Ultimate Load Capacity of Arch Damsby Jorge I. Bustamante,
Serial Information: Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, 1966, Vol. 92, Issue 4, Pg. 21-44
Document Type: Journal Paper
Abstract: Mathematical programming techniques are applied to obtain a lower bound, as large as possible, for estimating the load capacity of arch dams. The method is based on the theorem of statically admissible field for plastic materials. Application of the technique to four dam models shows good agreement between the numerical and experimental results.
Subject Headings: Arch dams | Load bearing capacity | Ultimate loads | Load factors | Mathematics | Computer programming | Plastics
Services: Buy this book/Buy this article
Return to search


text: This piece represents the mission set forth by the restorative justice program. The enlarged words of 'justice' made out of scrabble pieces illustrates the concept that justice is created by the people, that one cannot passively wait, they must follow the path to equality. The street sign represents how the active struggle for justice permeates in everyone's life and can be found everywhere you go. Included in this piece are the balance scale and sword from Lady Justice. The sign also looks like a flag illustrating the tenuousness of justice in today's world. The sword holds up the street sign to represent the power and strength it takes too uphold justice today. The book that Lady Justice stands on is open to the page encapsulating the core values of restorative justice. Restorative Justice is a community full of support and provides students with the ability to make mistakes, take accountability and repair the damage. Through RJ students find their own path and uphold the life-long lessons society needs for equality everywhere. RJ is the future, leading students to strive for change.


Alligator Plant
Kalanchoe daigremontiana (Mother of Thousands)
Kalanchoe daigremontiana (Mother of Thousands), also known as Bryophyllum daigremontianum, is a short-lived monocarpic succulent with…
Growing the Mother of Thousands Effectively
Mother of Thousands is a curious plant that forms tiny plantlets on the edges of its leaves. It is also known as alligator plant or devil's backbone. From Madagascar, the Mother of Thousands is a succulent that doesn't require frequent watering to grow.
Keep this plant in an area where it will receive plenty of bright sunlight, but too much time in the sun can cause sunburned leaves. With many plantlets, it's easy to grow multiple plants from the mother. Some even view it as a pest for how quickly the plant can spread by dropping plantlets.
How Much Garden Space Do You Need?
To find the ideal size of your vegetable garden, please check the box on plants you want to grow from the list above. We'll then calculate the required size automatically.
Disclaimer: The numbers in the table above may not be 100% accurate because vegetable consumption varies by family and the amount of yield for each plant is affected by many factors including soil quality, water, weather, pests/diseases problem, location, etc. Use the calculator only as a rough estimation and adjust the numbers according to your needs.
Now, if you want to have a more accurate estimation, here are the 8 considerations for deciding your vegetable garden size:
1. Small kitchen garden or a fully self-reliant garden?
What's the purpose of your garden?
Is it just a small kitchen garden to grow fresh food and reduce your shopping budget, or do you want to be fully self-reliant from your garden?
Our calculator assumes the average numbers. It won't be way off if you're slightly below or above the average, but if you're on the extreme sides, you will need to adjust the number accordingly.
If you haven't started your first garden yet, our best advice is to just use the result from the calculator, it's usually good enough. Then, increase or decrease the number of plants you grow in the next year depending on the result from your previous year.
2. How many people are you trying to feed?
Obviously, if you are a single person, you won't need the same size garden as a family of four. And if you are a family of four, you'll need a smaller garden than a family of six. Which is why we allow you to change the family size in our calculator.
But what might not be obvious is the number of people outside your immediate family that you might need to feed throughout the year.
In our first years of gardening, I didn't think this part through. I would only consider the people under my roof and failed to realize how frequently my mother-in-law had dinner with us throughout the week and didn't include her in my calculations. You can guess the rest of the story.
Right now, I support my parents as well as my immediate family. I've learned from my previous calculation failures to include them when planning my gardening space.
Other than feeding an extended family, if you entertain or participate in potlucks regularly, you should also take this into consideration when planning your garden. Similarly, if you want to sell some fresh produce for extra income.
3. Are you eating fresh or preserving your harvest?
If you are planning on eating fresh produce straight out of your garden, you won't need as large of a garden as someone who is planning on preserving the harvest.
Our calculator assumes that you will preserve your harvest and use it throughout the year. And by the way, you should consider preserving your harvest if you're not yet. You will need more produce, but this allows you to cut groceries budget throughout the year or even eliminate it completely.
Okay, but what if you're sure not going to preserve some food, and just want some fresh tomatoes for the sandwich every now and then? Well, in that case you don't need a calculator, just plant one tomato plant.
4. Will you be succession planting?
If you plan on using the same garden space to plant multiple vegetables, you may not need as much space if the growth times are different.
For example, if you want to grow peas and green beans in the same year, you could do this in the same garden bed. Peas can be planted in February (depending on your planting zone), and green beans are planted later and love the nitrogen peas add to the soil. Basically, it's a good idea to plant green beans after peas in the same space.
When the peas are finished, use the same space to plant green beans. This means you wouldn't need as large of a garden space because they are grown in succession instead of simultaneously.
If you are working with limited gardening space, consider succession planting to be able to grow more in the space you have.
5. Do you plan on having multiple garden beds?
We grow multiple gardens on our property per season. Instead of using one large garden plot, we break down our needs into multiple gardens.
This doesn't really have anything to do directly with the total size (or does it?), but it's something you need to take into consideration when planning your garden.
If you want to separate the bed for each plant, you should get the size needed for each plant on its own by check-marking only one plant from the table above and take a note of the garden size for that one plant. Then repeat the same step for different plants.
There are also other reasons to separate garden beds. For example, I have one garden bed for my family, one for my extended family, and one to sell produce.
You can also have one garden area for plants that are good companions, like the three sisters garden.
All in all, having multiple beds makes organization much easier if you're planning a large garden, and it's beneficial in general. But one downside is that you'll need bigger total area for your garden because of the space between beds.
At the very least, you need 2 feet of space between garden beds, and you'll likely need more than that just to make it easier for you to manage the plants especially if you have tools or basket with you.
6. How many times in the year will you be planting?
Technically, you can start three different gardens per year.
You might want to grow a spring garden filled with lettuce, spinach, cabbage, and peas. Then a summer garden filled with tomatoes, squash, cucumbers, and peppers. Finally, finish out the year by growing a fall garden with cabbage, squash, and root vegetables.
This is more tiring than having one garden per year or two, which most gardeners do. But if you do it right, you can save a lot of garden area, even if you plan on preserving the harvest.
To calculate the total garden size, you'll need to do three different calculations, each calculation for plants that you will grow on different planting season and use the largest number of all three. That's your garden size.
7. Which vegetable do you like the most?
This may seem obvious, but if you like a certain food, you'll be more likely to eat it more than the average person.
Our calculators use the average amount of vegetables that a person eat. So if you like to eat tomatoes, for example, you might want to plant more tomatoes.
However, one thing to remember is that different plant needs different total area to grow properly.
It could make more sense (financially, at least) to plant smaller plants with high yield even if they're not your favorite vegetables if you have a limited space and buy your favorite vegetable from the grocery store instead.
Write down all the vegetables you'd like to grow and compare their spacing needs and how well they do in your zone to narrow down what you will grow in your garden.
8. Different gardening methods require different garden size
You may have heard of many different gardening methods. From the traditional garden bed with rows of crops, raised beds, container gardening, keyhole garden, square-foot gardening, to the more advanced methods like hydroponics, aquaponics, or the space-efficient vertical gardening.
These methods have their own set of pros and cons, so go ahead and read the link above to compare each method and find which one is best for you.
As for the calculator in this page, it can be used for the traditional in-ground garden and raised beds, but you'll have to make adjustments for other gardening methods.
FAQ About Mother of Thousands
Although mother of thousands plants are easy to grow houseplants, there are a few questions you may still have about growing them.
Does mother of thousands flower?
Mother of millions is a type of flowering succulent. However, the plants rarely—probably, never—bloom indoors. When growing outdoors, your plant may bloom with clusters of small pinkish-red flowers. Always deadhead the flowers after blooming to encourage good growth.
Is mother of thousands plant poisonous?
Yes. All parts of Kalanchoe daigremontiana contain toxic substances called bufadienolides. The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) lists the devil's backbone on their list of poisonous plants that are toxic to dogs and cats. (1)
Is the mother of thousands invasive?
Mother of thousands is an extremely invasive and fast-growing plant. If you grow this succulent outdoors in your yard, regularly collect the plantlets to prevent them from rooting where they land.
Why are mother of thousands leaves curling?
Mother of thousands has broad leaves in the shape of a tear or diamond. The leaves have a natural arch, but they shouldn't curl. Curling Mexican hat plant leaves are


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A junior exploration company is using land surveys from the 1870's to locate copper deposits in South Australia's historic Burra mining region.
The Australian reports that Phoenix Copper (ASX:PNX) hopes to use the old maps to uncover major copper deposits in the area around Burra, which is Australia's oldest mining town and was once the source for 10% of the world's copper
The land surveys were prepared by mine captain Robert Sanders in 1873 towards the end of Burra's heyday as one of Australia's most lucrative mining communities.
Burra first rose to prominence in the mining industry following the discovery of outcroppings of copper by two shepherds in 1845.
By 1850 the Burra region's Monster Mine was Australia's largest commercial mining operation, producing 23,000 tonnes of ore and supplying 10% of global copper.
Phoenix chief geologist Mark Manly says that despite a second period of mining activity in the 1970's the region has been little explored since the development of modern drill rigs.
On the basis of the 19th century land surveys Phoenix has commenced drilling less than a kilometre from the Monster Mine, with the hope of resurrecting the town's historic mining industry.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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International conference: Nordic Museum Histories
What are the approaches to understanding museum history? Join us to explores answers to this question through presentations and discussions focusing on current studies of museum history in the Nordic countries of Europe.
31. januar 2018 kl. 9.00-16.30
See slides from the conference:
- Peter Aronsson: The making of nations and museums: Nordic national museums in a European context
- Peter van Mensch: Profession or occupation? Fifty years' discussion about the training of museum workers
- Camilla Mordhorst: Reimagining the museum through its history
- Mattias Ekman: The first century of nordic museology: Memory and epistemology in the early modern Kunstkammer
- Mattias Bäckström: To animate the past for the benefit of the present: Ideal realism as concept and technique at museums of cultural history (not available - see Bäckströms website)
Learn more about the conference theme here.


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How to Add Keyboard Controls to Your Flappy Bat Game
Your Flappy Bat game project might seem just like a simple animation, but these next steps will transform your static project into an interactive game. Start by allowing the player to control the bat. Like that other flappy game, you will tap one key to make the bat move up a bit; use the spacebar because it is the largest key and can easily be tapped by righties or lefties.
Click the Player sprite and then click the Scripts tab.
Drag the following new blocks to the right of the other blocks already in the Scripts Area:
Click the Green Flag button to test your code.
Each time you tap the spacebar, the bat should move a bit higher, so the CHANGE Y block must have something to do with vertical movement. In Scratch, the vertical position of a sprite is represented by the Y value and the horizontal position is represented by the X value.
See how the shape of the WHEN KEY PRESSED block is the same as the WHEN GREEN FLAG CLICKED block? Each hat-shaped block represents an action, such as clicking the Green Flag button or pressing the spacebar. When the action occurs, the code snapped beneath its related hat-shaped block runs. If you want to use a different key to control the flapping, click Spacebar and drag down to a new keyboard key inside WHEN KEY PRESSED.


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Life: September 2, 1883 – August 11, 1957
Why you should know him: Rudolf Weigl was a Polish biologist who not only invented the vaccine for epidemic typhus, but also saved the lives of countless Jews during the Holocaust.
Born in 1883 in Moravia (then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire), Rudolf Weigl later moved to Lwow, Poland (now Lviv, Ukraine), where he completed his training in biology, zoology, and anatomy.
Dr. Weigl's work was in the field of vaccinations. During the 1930s and 1940s, he developed the first successful vaccine for typhus, a disease that ravaged Europe – particularly the ghettos and camps that imprisoned the continent's Jews.
Dr. Weigl's research came to the attention of the Nazis after Poland was captured. The Nazis ordered Dr. Weigl to set up a vaccination production plant. This very Nazi-mandated facility would save many from the Nazis, however, as Dr. Weigl employed many of Poland's Jews and members of the country's underground at his institute. The vaccines also saved many of Poland's Jews, as they were smuggled into the disease-ravaged ghettos of Lviv and Warsaw.
While Dr. Rudolf Weigl died in 1957, Israel honored him for the numerous Jewish lives his actions and his vaccine saved by naming him Righteous Among the Nations in 2003.


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Introduction: Removable Pocket for Your Phone
this will show you how to make a small pocket to attach to your phone, wallet etc for things like loose change and credit cards. It's very useful, very easy, and only uses household items.
Step 1: Materials Needed
Step 2: Cut the Paper
Use your scissors to cut the paper twice the size of what you want your pocket to be, and fold it in half. Mine is ripped out of a small notebook.
Step 3: The Middle Stripe
Cut a long strip of duct tape and put ii down the middle of your paper. Try to get it as straight as possible.
Step 4: The Side Stripes
Cut another long piece of duct tape of the same length. Cut it down the middle. Place them on each side of the first strip.
Step 5: Folding
fold bottom tab of duct tape up so it covers about half of the paper. Then fold the paper in half. Turn the paper over, and do the same thing again. Fold in half so it resembles a small folder.
Step 6: Taping the Sides and Attaching It.
cut small strips of tape and place them on each side of one of the sides of the folder. Fold the folder and take the sides together. Then take two longer pieces and attach them to each side. These are for attaching the pocket to your wallet, phone, etc.
Step 7: ( Optional ) Tab
if you would like a lid or flap that goes over the pocket to keep things from falling out, flip your pocket over and attach a piece of duct tape to the back so half of it is on the back of the pocket, and half hangs over. Fold the tape corners so it has a pointed triangle at the end. Fasten the tab over.
Step 8: Happy Dance!!!!!! :-)
You're done! Feel free to dance, pat yourself on the back, out just brag to all your friends.
We have a be nice policy.
Please be positive and constructive.


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Summary of risk factors and learning for improved practice around culture and faith
Published case reviews highlight that professionals sometimes lack the knowledge and confidence to work with families from different cultures and religions. A lack of understanding of the religions and cultural context of families can lead to professionals overlooking situations that may put family members at risk; whilst the desire to be culturally-sensitive can result in professionals accepting lower standards of care.
The learning from these reviews highlights that professionals need to take into account families' cultural and religious context when undertaking assessments and offering support. The rights and needs of the child need to remain the focus of interventions at all times, regardless of this context.
Published: June 2014


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Wouldn't it be great if your child came with an owner's manual? A how-to book on how to raise your child? And if your child came with such a manual, wouldn't it be helpful to have someone walk you through it, making that owner's manual come alive?
Michael Gurian and Tim Wright serve as your guides through what they believe is the owner's manual for your child: Your child's brain. While the brain doesn't tell the whole story, it does offer a treasure trove of insights into your son or daughter. Michael and Tim each have over 30 years of experience using brain science research, best-practices, and their own experiences as dads in helping parents read, understand, and implement the gift of your child's brain, the built-in how-to manual that will help you enjoy the wonder of parenting.


Story by
Tia Ghose
A little randomness in deploying Border Patrol agents might work best to prevent illegal border crossings, according to a study from the RAND Corp.
The study, which was funded by the Department of Homeland Security's Science and Technology Directorate, found that combining historical data on illegal crossings with a bit of unpredictability would nab the highest fraction of border crossers.
The U.S.-Mexico border spans nearly 2,000 miles. Given its vastness and varied terrain, there is simply no way to saturate every mile with enough agents to catch every illegal immigrant or smuggler, said Joel Predd, study co-author and a researcher at RAND. The Border Patrol therefore must develop effective strategies to deploy a limited number of agents, he said.
In the past, the Border Patrol stationed agents by relying heavily on historical trends of where border crossers were apprehended, said Randy Capps, a senior policy analyst at the Migration Policy Institute, a think tank that studies worldwide migration patterns.
"As it has been, it's pretty predictable where resources are going to be deployed. They announce an operation, they do an operation, and they stay there a long time."
The trouble with that strategy is that once crossers notice increased enforcement, they might alter their routes and actually have a higher rate of success in unpatrolled areas.
For instance, after the Border Patrol launched Operation Gatekeeper in 1994 to halt the flow of traffic through San Diego, illegal entries there plunged, but overall apprehensions continued to climb. In general, rising apprehension numbers could mean better enforcement, higher overall traffic or some combination, Predd said.
The RAND researchers conducted field interviews with agents to learn about illegal crossing trends, staffing levels, patrol strategies and past deployment patterns. They created simulations of individual Border Patrol agents and crossers and modified where agents were placed using past patterns in illegal crossing, random distributions or a combination of both. They also drew from real data to create comparisons and metrics for different stations across the border.
A mix of strategies worked best to catch the highest fraction of crossers.
"We looked at thousands of scenarios based on the number of zones, number of patrol agents, the daily rate of illegal smuggling," Predd said. "The idea that you should combine the two and shouldn't really use them in isolation is really robust across a wide range of values."
The study had a few limitations. For instance, it didn't address the geographic conditions that constrain crossers' ability to shift their routes, Predd said. Some remote, mountainous regions of the border are almost impossible to cross, while others are close to urban centers and transportation routes. Weather and seasonal conditions also might prevent crossers from changing their routes.
The Border Patrol claims that increased and more effective border enforcement already has caused the number of illegal crossings to plummet. The agency nearly doubled [PDF] the number of agents from 2005 to 2011 and has built hundreds of miles of fencing and sensors.
In the same time span, the number of illegal immigrants apprehended [PDF] dropped from 1,189,075 people to 340,252, with most of the decline occurring in the years after the recession started in 2007.
While beefed-up enforcement might have deterred some would-be crossers, Capps said other factors may have more impact on border-crossing trends. The U.S. economy has floundered since the recession, while the Mexican economy has done relatively well, reducing the incentive to make the arduous journey, he said.
Demographics also might play a role.
"The birth rate has been low there for a number of years," Capps said. "This large pool of people who could potentially migrate to the U.S. from Mexico is just much smaller than it was even five to 10 years ago, and it's going to continue to decline."
"You have less incentive, more opportunities at home, and it's harder," he said.


New insights into how excitement, anticipation and dread factor into people's decision-making are reported on in research from the University of British Columbia.
"This stems from the phenomenon known as 'the sign effect'. A person's desire to get positive things right away is stronger than their desire to put off negative ones. However, the timing of when a person wants to handle negative things is less obvious,"
says UBC Sauder assistant professor, David Hardisty, author of the study[1].
Savoring Vs. Dread
"When you're booking a vacation, you're vicariously enjoying the vacation, which is great, but you're also contrasting it with your current situation, which is bad. So you have that mix. And for losses, it's more of a unidimensional bad feeling. When you have a dentist's appointment coming up, you don't like thinking about the pain in the dental chair,"
says Hardisty.
Positive And Negative Experiences
Hardisty says some people procrastinate and put off negative events, but not as much as many would expect, because the negative anticipation is so unpleasant. The researchers' findings also counter earlier research that argued people put off positive events so they can savour the sweet anticipation.
Practical Applications
They found that remembering bad events feels bad, and remembering good events feels good, effectively wiping out the sign effect. The more events recede into the past, adds Hardisty, the more muted our emotional responses to them become.
"It's exciting to have an explanation for why people make choices the way we do. Hopefully it will lead to better interventions that can help people make better long-term choices about their finances and other life events,"
he says.
[1] Hardisty, DJ, Weber, EU. Impatience and Savoring vs. Dread: Asymmetries in Anticipation Explain Consumer Time Preferences for Positive vs. Negative Events. J Consum Psychol. 2020; 00: 1– 16.
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|The Pulaski Project
by Betsey Russell
Ed Pulaski may be best known for the firefighting tool he invented, a cross between an ax and a hoe that bears his name and. still is used in firefighting today. But Pulaski's heroics during the 1910 wildfIres that devastated the forests of North Idaho, Eastern Washington and Montana tell an even more compelling story, one - that Silver Valley residents hope will draw tourists and others to a historic site, trail and interpretive center.
|Photo courtesy of Museum of North Idaho|
This undated photo was taken at the mouth of War Eagle Mine, now known as the Pulaski Tunnel, near Wallace. The tunnel is named for Ed Pulaski, who invented the handy tool that kept forest firefighters from having to carry both an ax and a hoe. He was a Forest Service ranger in Wallace in August 1910 when the woods exploded into a firestorm, trapping 1,800 firefighters between Wallace and Avery. Drawingbn his knowledge of the area, Pulaski led his45-man crew to safety in the abandoned mine. Pictured are Joe Helm, left, and a man identified only as McKay.
Long before he invented the handy tool that kept forest fire-fighters from having to carry both an ax and a hoe, Pulaski was a Forest Service ranger in Wallace in August 1910 when the woods exploded into a fIrestorm, trapping 1,800 firefighters between Wallace and Avery.
Drawing on his knowledge of the area, Pulaski led his 45-man crew to safety in an abandoned mine, now known as the Pulaski Tunnel. There, they lay face down through a suffocating night of smoke and heat. Their leader kept some from panicking and heading outside to certain death with the end of his pistol. He beat, out flaming timbers at the mine's entrance with horse blankets and mine water he gathered in his hat.
Though the whole group lost consciousness during that night, including Pulaski, nearly all survived, and crawled back through the smoking, charred woods to Wallace in the morning.
"The fire was so hot that it killed the fish in the creek," said Jim See, a guidance counselor and teacher at Mullan High School. "When the firefighters came out, they could not sit on the rocks because they were so hot beside the creek."
See is an avid hiker and amateur historian who noticed that the historic tunnel site and the trail leading to it have been deteriorating, and feared they could soon be lost forever.
Now, a Silver Valley group is working to restore the historic site and trail, build a new trailhead and historic markers and eventually create a national wildfire education center and museum at the trailhead site.
"It's already on the National Register of Historie Places," See said. "And so is the escape route."
The project is now known as the Pulaski Project, and work is scheduled to start this summer on restoring, realigning and marking the trail and the tunnel entrance. At the behest of Idaho Sen. Larry Craig, Congress has appropriated nearly $300,000 for the Forest Service to take on the project.
Rep. Mary Lou Shepherd, D-Prichard, this month told the House State Affairs Committee about the project and the story. Eventually, a $15 million interpretive center and museum is envisioned to serve as a national center for wildfIte education.
A "fire room" would give visitors the experience of the sights, sounds and smells of a raging wildfire, she said.
The House committee agreed to introduce a resolution Shepherd proposed to "express support and encouragement for the efforts of the Pulaski project, and acknowledge the dedication of the wildfire fighters, past, present and future."
Former Rep. Don Pischner, R-Coeur d'Alene, has been working with the project.
"My dad knew Ed Pulaski," Pischner said. "In my generation, Ed Pulaski was this big hero."
When the backers had access problems to part of the trail, Pischner discovered that the land is now owned by his employer, Stimson Lumber. Soon, there was a letter of agreement for access, including easements and possibly a land sale.
Idaho Historical Society Director Steve Guerber said he thinks the Pulaski Project is "a great idea," that could both preserve and make more accessible "the site where a significant historic event took place."
The trailhead is about half a mile south of Wallace. From there, the trail runs about two miles to the tunnel.
See said, "We're going on a hike with the engineers in April, once the snow allows that to happen, so we can identify exactly where the trail is."
The tunnel itself is too dangerous for public access, he said, but possibilities include an overlook or structure where visitors would be able to peer into the old mine.
For more information,
Pulaski Tunnel: _URL_.


Martin A. Klein Prize Recipients
First awarded at the 2011 annual meeting, the Martin A. Klein Prize recognizes the most distinguished work of scholarship on African history published in English during the previous year. Focusing primarily on continental Africa (including those islands usually treated as countries of Africa), books on any period of African history and from any disciplinary field that incorporates a historical perspective are eligible. The prize committee pays particular attention to methodological innovation, conceptual originality, literary excellence, and reinterpretation of old themes or development of new theoretical perspectives.


GYROKINESIS® coordinates breath, mental focus and movement to create functional strength through rhythmic, flowing movement sequences. Using just a mat and chair, stretch and strengthen your entire body through a series of rotational and sidebending movements to release tension in the body. Once the muscles have been released it allows you to reap the benefits of strengthening through various mat based exercises using your body weight on the mat. Finally end the class with standing exercises that improve posture and balance. This multilevel class is based on the GYROKINESIS® method and is a workout that will leave you feeling strong and supple.


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The jam'r can store three trays of fruit (each earning 1 XP) and three jarfuls of honey (each earning 1 XP). It produces one jar of jam in 60 seconds if both ingredients are in place and there are no more than two finished jars on the output bench.
One jar of jam sells for 113 coins; profit 13 (after allowing for the sale prices of honey and fruit forgone): that's 2.60/h if you harvest the fruit as soon as it's ready. It's the most profitable berry jam, which may be why you have to wait until level 27 to be able to plant the berries.
If you find that bedtime is less than 5 hours away, you can plant:
- blueberries, which take only 3 hours to grow and when turned into jam produce 7 coins of profit, i.e. slightly fewer coins per hour for the same amount of work (and the same number of XP).
- clover, which grows in only 4 hours (earning 1.25 per hour if sold but 2.50 if fed to a cow) and will add to your honey supply if your beehive is operating to pollinate it;
|This article is a Stub. You can help by adding to it.|
Stubs are articles that writers have begun work on, but are not yet complete enough to be considered finished articles.


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Create a Hogwarts Floor Plan
Grade Levels: 3 - 8
Students will learn about the concept of scale and other mapping skills as they create a floor plan of Hogwarts School.
- Graph paper
- Make sure that students have a good understanding of the terms floor plan, bird's eye view, and scale
before they start drawing any floor plans.
- A floor plan is a diagram of one room, apartment, or entire floor of a building, usually drawn to scale
- For a bird's eye view explain that students will be drawing a map of Hogwarts as if they are looking at it from above.
- Scale is the ratio between the size of something and a representation of it.
- Scale can be demonstrated by measuring the perimeter of your classroom with a yard stick and then converting those measurements into squares on a piece of graph paper. Show students that one foot could equal one square on the graph paper, if that's the scale they choose.
- Ask each student to practice this by drawing a bird's eye view of the classroom (on graph paper) using the same scale.
- Decide on symbols to be used
to represent desks, chairs, windows, etc., then show students how to make a map key and a scale at the bottom of
their practice map.
- Once you decide on a scale for the classroom measurements, it will help to use this same scale for the
Hogwarts floor plans.
- Once its time to draw Hogwarts, have the class
generate a list of all of the rooms they can remember from the story.
- Direct students to
draw a floor plan showing a bird's eye view of all of the rooms at Hogwarts. The floor plan also needs to include a map key and a scale.
- Once the floor plans are completed, put them on a bulletin board and you'll have Hogwarts on display in your classroom!
Provided by Factmonster.com.
Asian-Pacific-American Heritage Month
May is Asian-Pacific-American Heritage Month! Don't overlook this opportunity to study and enjoy activities about the history and culture of Asian-Pacific American communities.
Top 10 Galleries
Explore our most popular Top 10 galleries, from Top 10 Behavior Management Tips for the Classroom and Top 10 Classroom Organization Tips from Veteran Teachers to Top 10 Free (& Cheap) Rewards for Students and Top 10 Things Every Teacher Needs in the Classroom. We'll help you get organized and prepared for every classroom situation, holiday, and more! Check out all of our galleries today.
May Calendar of Events
May is full of holidays and events that you can incorporate into your standard curriculum. Our Educators' Calendar outlines activities for each event, including: Children's Book Week (5/13-19), Biographers Day (5/16), and Memorial Day (5/27). Plus, celebrate Asian-Pacific-American Heritage Month, Clean Air Month, and Physical Fitness & Sports Month all May long!
Common Core Lessons & Resources
Is your school district adopting the Common Core? Work these new standards into your curriculum with our reading, writing, speaking, social studies, and math lessons and activities. Each piece of content incorporates the Common Core State Standards into the activity or lesson.


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Horizontal gradients in the wet path delay derived from four years of microwave radiometer data
Journal article, 2000
We have analyzed four years of inferred wet path delay data from a microwave radiometer operating at 21.0 and 31.4 GHz. We have applied a four parameter gradient model to the wet delays, using different lengths of the time series for the gradient estimation. The mean gradient, averaged over 15 to 1440 minutes, varies between 0.9 and 0.4 mm End has a preferred direction towards the north-east. Increasing the averaging time causes the estimated gradient to decrease. The 15 minutes mean gradient is 1.3 mm for the summer months and 0.7 mm for the winter months. Structure function results are also presented.


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Anderson County, Kansas
|This article is a stub. Help us to expand it by contributing your knowledge. For county page guidelines, visit U.S. County Page Content Suggestions.|
Anderson is a county in Kansas. It was formed in 1855 from the following county/ies: original. Anderson began keeping birth records in 1892–94*, marriage records in _PHONE_, and death records in _PHONE_. It began keeping land records in 1857, probate records in 1855, and court records in 1860. For more information, contact the county at 100 E. Fourth Ave, Garnett 66032-1500. On the attached map, Anderson is located at K4.
For information about the state of Kansas see Kansas Family History Research.


QA:Testcase arm image deployment
From FedoraProject
Jump to: navigation, search
Associated release criterion
This test case is associated with the Fedora_21_Alpha_Release_Criteria#initialization-requirements release criterion. If you are doing release validation testing, a failure of this test case may be a breach of that release criterion. If so, please file a bug and nominate it as blocking the appropriate milestone, using the blocker bug nomination page.
This case tests whether a direct deployment of a Fedora image works on an ARM platform.
 1. Make any required changes to the test system's bootloader configuration.
How to test
 1. Download the image you wish to test. There are two variants of each image, VFAT and ext. If the platform you are testing supports ext images, use the ext image. If it does not, use the VFAT image. The ARM install instruction page lists which variant to use for which platforms.
 2. Write it to a form of media bootable on the test system following any instructions given on the appropriate instruction page (e.g. Architectures/ARM/F21/Installation for the currently-pending Fedora release). Usually, this means running a command like xzcat -v .raw.xz > /dev/. For some platforms there will be further steps, which are explained on the instruction page.
 3. Attach the written medium to the test system and boot it, ensuring the medium takes priority over other boot methods.
Expected Results
 1. The system boots to the initial-setup tool.


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Learning more about Australia's children
- Minister for School Education
- Minister for Early Childhood and Youth
This week more than 7500 government and non-government schools across Australia will start taking part in the world's most comprehensive collection of information about the development of Australia's children.
Minister for Early Childhood and School Education Peter Garrett today visited the Mount Rogers Early Links to Learning Playgroup in Canberra to launch the second data collection for the Australian Early Development Index (AEDI).
"Australia is the first country in the world to have collected comprehensive and population based data on young children across the entire nation," Mr Garrett said.
"The second national AEDI data collection is ground breaking because, for the first time, governments and communities will be able to track progress in their work to improve the health, education, social competence and emotional development of children across Australia.
"It's a vital tool for educators, Governments and the community, as it helps us understand the importance of early intervention and provides information about the support children and families need.
"It's time to get the basics of early learning right, because we know that by supporting children in the years before school we greatly increase their chance of a successful transition to school as well as being happy and productive in their later years," Mr Garrett said.
The AEDI measures five key areas of young children's development: physical health and wellbeing, social competence, emotional maturity, language and cognitive skills, and communication skills and general knowledge.
Mr Garrett said the Gillard Government made an important investment with the first national implementation of the AEDI in 2009 and has committed to collecting this data every three years with an investment of $28 million for each cycle.
"We're already seeing some incredible programs being delivered across Australia as a direct response to the 2009 results, including the Early Links to Learning playgroup in Canberra, which offers literacy and numeracy support to children before primary school at no cost to parents," Mr Garrett said.
"The AEDI is just one part of the Gillard Government's national reforms to early childhood; from our commitment to giving all children access to 15 hours of early childhood education and care for 40 weeks a year by a university-trained teacher by 2013, to improving staff to child ratios in child care and the qualifications of those staff."
The 2012 AEDI data collection will occur from May to 31 July 2012, during which time teachers in schools across Australia will complete the AEDI Checklist for all children in their first year of full-time school. Results of the data collection are expected in 2013.
For more information on the AEDI go to _URL_.


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BLOGS BY TOPIC
BLOGS BY AUTHOR
BLOGS BY YEAR
Power View is an add-in included within Excel 2013 and later versions. This tutorial shows how to create Power View reports based on Analysis Services tabular models.
- Overview - what is Power View?
- Creating your first Power View report
- Creating and formatting basic visualisations (tables)
- Text boxes and images in Power View (this blog)
- Filtering reports using tiles, slicers and filters
- Matrices and cards in Power View
- Charts in Power View
Posted by Andy Brown on 08 December 2015
You need a minimum screen resolution of about 700 pixels width to see our blogs. This is because they contain diagrams and tables which would not be viewable easily on a mobile phone or small laptop. Please use a larger tablet, notebook or desktop computer, or change your screen resolution settings.
Text boxes and images in Power View
This part of my blog shows how you can add text boxes and images to your Power View reports. Note that a report comes with one text box already added:
Every new report automatically contains a title like this.
Often the easiest thing to do is to delete this title, and add text boxes when and where you want them!
Adding text boxes
To add a text box, choose this option on the Power View tab of the ribbon:
Adding a text box.
You can then type text into your text box (and resize it) in the (sort of) usual way:
Position the mouse on a corner of the text box and click and drag to resize it.
To format a text box, select it and choose this tab on the Excel ribbon:
Choose the TEXT tab on the ribbon.
You can then do a very limited amount of formatting:
Wondering where all of the other standard formatting tools are? Me too.
Adding floating images/pictures
You can add pictures to a report in a similar way. First choose to add an image:
Choose to add a picture from the Power View tab.
When you choose an image, Power View will display it on your report:
Photoshop this is not. You can resize and move your image, but that's about it.
Adding watermark images
An alternative way to add an image is to choose this option:
You can set an image to be your watermark.
You can then choose a combination of the image position and transparency ratio to produce the desired (or otherwise) effect:
This is tiled with 80% transparency.
Here are the options for the image position and transparency:
And that's about it for text boxes and images! Next we'll have a look at 3 ways to filter reports, using tiles, slicers or the filter window.


Help Wikitravel grow by contributing to an article! Learn how.
Wikitravel:Goals and non-goals
From Wikitravel
Revision as of 01:39, 19 April 2012 by Wrh2 (Talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
The mission of Wikitravel is this:
Wikitravel articles should be useful for at least the following purposes:
 - For off-line use by travellers on the road sitting in a train with a subset of Wikitravel on their PDA, laptop, mobile phone, iPod or digital camera.
 - For individual article printouts, that is, for printing a list of museums or karaoke bars and putting it in your back pocket for when you need it -- or making a photocopy when someone else does;
There are probably hundreds of other uses for Wikitravel articles; these are ones we try to keep in mind while authoring and editing pages.
These are some specific non-goals; things people might think we want to do with Wikitravel, but we don't:
 1. Create a travel essay anthology. Wikitravel is not a travel magazine. Articles should be directed toward practical information about travelling.
 2. Create a collection of personal travel journals. Wikitravellers usually have interesting stories about their personal adventures which should instead be put somewhere other than our articles — such as Wikitravel Extra.
 3. Provide a vacation photo gallery service. Photographs and illustrations should be targeted towards illustrating destinations and sights, not toward showing Grandma how big the mai-tai was that you drank at the luau.
 4. Provide a personal homepage service. Each registered user on Wikitravel has a User page; these should be used to support the development of the travel guide, and not as an All About Me and My Cat Web site. One or two photographs on your User page is reasonable; more than 5 is really pushing it.
 5. Create a travel chat board. If you want to talk about your experiences, ask questions, complain, make friends or joke around, try the forums at Wikitravel Extra. Wikitravel has talk pages for each article, but these should be used to develop the article itself, and not as a "comments" area. Anyone can edit a Wikitravel article; if you have useful information about a topic, put it in the article itself.
 8. Build a Web directory. Wikitravel articles can and should have links to external resources about destinations, itineraries, travel-oriented companies, and other travel-related Web sites. However, it's not a goal to collect all links about any destination. External links should support and complement the content of articles; they're not a goal in and of themselves.
 9. Make a travel guide supplement. The Wiki technique we use for Wikitravel makes it possible for us to include information that's not in other travel guides. This doesn't mean that we only include information not found in other guides. Wikitravel aims to be a complete travel guide -- not just an additional resource on the side of traditional guides.
 10. Make an atlas. Although travel is intimately intertwined with geography, Wikitravel does not describe geographical features of the Earth just because they're there. Nor do we create separate articles for every crossroads with a name on the map.
 11. Make an encyclopedia. Wikitravel aims to tell people how to travel all over the world, not document everything there is on the planet or how it ended up that way. If you find yourself needing references and footnotes on Wikitravel, whatever you're writing should probably go to Wikipedia instead.
There are probably lots of other near-miss goals that people might think we have; if needed, we'll list those here, too.
See also
Destination Docents
In other languages
other sites


Claim Event Flow
This document was designed to show our Claim Administrators several scenarios that may occur throughout the life of a claim and what EDI transactions would be required for each scenario. This document covers the following:
 1. Claim Event Flow (as defined by the IAIABC)
 2. Establish or Acquire Claim
 3. Initial Payment or Equivalent
 4. Partial Suspension
 5. Suspension of all Indemnity Benefits
 6. Resumption of Benefits
 7. Suspension of Resumed Benefits
 8. File Any Time After First Report


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St. Joseph's Catholic Church
Saint Joseph's history dates back to 1903. While it might seem strange to have two churches just a half mile apart, it makes sense when you look at history. People came from Europe and wanted a sense of home, which is experienced mostly through language and customs. In 1884, fifty Polish families built their own church in Franklin Township, four miles southwest of Delano. This parish was named Saint Mary of Czestochowa, which was a mission of Saint Peter's, and then Saint Joseph's before becoming an independent parish. In the town, the parish of Saint Joseph's was built, which had its corner stone placed in July of 1903, and the church was completed on January 1, 1904.


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- Timing is everything when asking someone out, so always wait until they've returned from the bathroom.
- Put your own unique spin on it. Instead of a phone call, mail a Valentine's Day card dated five years in the future.
- Make sure you are facing the sun so the light can illuminate the unfurling of your brilliant plumage.
- Get to the point quickly. Don't beat around the bush by asking too many lead-in questions or allowing them to speak.
- When you successfully leave the bar with their phone number, double-check that it came with all ten digits.
Brought to you by Speed Stick


Why are these the Softest Blankets Ever?
Mink blankets, commonly referred to as "faux mink" blankets or "faux fur" blankets, are not what their name implies. They have nothing to do with real mink fur, or any other fur for that matter. Instead, every mink blanket or mink throw, is made out of some sort of synthetic material, primarily acrylic. The typical make-up of a mink blanket or throw is 85% acrylic and l5% polyester. The acrylic supplies the "softness" while the polyester keeps the mink blanket or throw blanket from wrinkling.


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An open letter to the Serbian science ministry – coinciding with the new government's first 100 days in office – and an accompanying petition signed by 850 scientists so far, makes for pretty dim reading on the state of research ethics in Serbia.
The systematic and apparently state-endorsed practice of artificially boosting one's ratings in the national evaluation system, which drives promotions and helps set salaries, has led to a range of abuses that are promoting mediocrity while driving scientific talent out of the country, says the letter, published in late October.
The authors say that the offenses that have proliferated over the last decade, and which are being "systematically hidden" under what the letter says are bad policies set by the science ministry, include:
- family-run journals publishing papers exclusively for "gaining profit"
- "citation cartels" citing unrelated papers from the same journals to artificially boost their impact factors
- adding authors who had not contributed to the paper as a matter of "clientelism and fealty"
- duplication — aka "self-plagiarism" — tolerated on a "massive scale"
- student plagiarism "in full bloom" and conducted uninterruptedly
- regulations that encourage misconduct; articles that publish "compilations of general knowledge or offer trivial findings" with no impact on scientific literature and no chance of practical application
- publicly funded projects treated as "state secrets" – not even titles or abstract are made publicly available, and
- doctoral students forming their own evaluation committees.
Most of the evidence for such activities comes from investigations by the Centre for Evaluation in Education and Science (CEON/CEES), which published a report late last year that showed that up to 11% of articles in journals listed in Serbian citation indeks SCIndeks, contained plagiarized or self-plagiarized (duplicated) passages. Indeed, the open letter says that
A certain number of researchers systematically publish plagiarized articles … Self-plagiarism is being tolerated on a mass scale.
It also says Serbian authors have been publishing their work in predatory journals with increasing intensity, and the ministry uses such articles in rating the researchers. It names two predatory journals from Bosnia and Herzegovina that publish work in bad English (with frequent grammatical and stylistic mistakes in titles and abstracts), have no 'doi' numbers, and often carry plagiarized articles. They charge contributors up to 1,000 Euros per article and the money goes to the editor's personal account, it says. The two journals exchange an
unnaturally large number of citations although they cover distant fields of science.
In one of the predatory journals, the articles from Serbia have larger number of authors than articles from other countries, it says, because of the practice of adding the names of people who did not actually contribute to the work.
The letter estimates than in 2012, in the two journals alone, Serbian scientists will have spent 200,000 Euros of public money to publish their articles: a sum that is similar to the total budget of all of Serbia's domestic scientific journals. Public money is being used first to publish questionable work in predatory journals, and then to increase scientists' salaries after their ratings are boosted by these publications, it says.
Duplication also increases individuals' incomes, as the ministry funds the same article through support for conferences, publishing conference proceedings, and finally for publishing the same work in a journal.
Apart from excess production of bad quality papers to boost individuals' salaries, there is also a trend of setting up new domestic journals, "even by the smallest research units" that probably do not conduct any peer review.
Meanwhile, many of the individuals in the ministry's scientific committees, which evaluate and categorize the domestic journals' status, have a conflict of interest: they evaluate journals they edit or publishers that they manage. This results in journals getting a high ranking without deserving it, and ramps up the points of authors who publish there. This is also unfair to editors who try hard to raise the quality of their journals in legitimate ways, yet often do not get funding since they lack lobbyists on the scientific committees.
The letter goes on to make several demands, including re-evaluating journals to identify those that abuse the system and remove them from the ministry's rankings; setting up a national office for the integrity of science as well as ombudsmen at universities; and establishing legislation to protect whistleblowers. It also makes further suggestions to set up a national database of PhD theses, make all publicly funded articles open access, and set up a regional base of peer reviewers.
The ministry responded to the letter early last month, acknowledging that "there are problems and some irregularities in the overall system of evaluating research and researchers" but saying it was working on several policies that would improve the situation, including valuation of work published in domestic journals and categorization of such journals.


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Q. 105.0( 2 Votes )
Which of the following properties describe a trapezium?
(A) A pair of opposite side is parallel.
(B) The diagonals bisect each other.
(C) The diagonals are perpendicular to each other.
(D) The diagonals are equal.
A trapezium is a quadrilateral which has only one pair of sides which are parallel. The other properties are not true for trapezium.
Rate this question :
Which of the following figures satisfy the following property?
- Has two pairs of congruent adjacent sides.NCERT - Mathematics Exemplar
The angles P, Q, R and S of a quadrilateral are in the ratio 1:3:7:9. Then PQRS is aNCERT - Mathematics Exemplar
In a quadrilateral, define each of the following:
(v) Adjacent angles
(vi) Adjacents sides
(vii) Opposite sides
(viii) Opposite angles
(x) ExteriorRD Sharma - Mathematics
The four angles of a quadrilateral are as 3 ; 5 : 7 : 9. Find the angles.RD Sharma - Mathematics
Two angles of a quadrilateral are of measure 65° and the other two angles are equal. What is the measure of each of these two angles?RD Sharma - Mathematics
The three angles of a quadrilateral are respectively equal to 110°, 50° and 40°. Find its fourth angle.RD Sharma - Mathematics
A quadrilateral has all its four angles of the same measure. What is the measure of each?RD Sharma - Mathematics
Three angles of a quadrilateral are equal. Fourth angle is of measure 150°. What is the measure of equal angles.RD Sharma - Mathematics
In Fig. 16.21, the bisectors of ∠A and ∠B meet at a point P. If ∠C =100° and ∠D = 50°, find the measure of ∠APB.
RD Sharma - Mathematics


Ulica kneza Branimira 71, Zagreb
Book an appointment +38512310067
Preparation for urodynamic testing
What is a urodynamic testing?
A full urodynamics procedure is a series of tests done to find out how well your child's bladder is working. It provides information how much urine the bladder can hold, its sensitivity, expansion capacity, intravesical pressure in filling and voiding phases, urine flow, post void residual urine and outer urethral sphincter activity.
The examination begins with urination into a special vessel followed by the introduction of a small catheter into the bladder under a local anesthetic.
 1. explain to your child how the examination is to be performed
 2. in the evening preceding the examination give your child a glycerine suppository for defecation
 3. the child should come to the facility with a full bladder
 4. NO FLUIDS are allowed 1 hour before the examination
 5. the child is allowed to eat normally
 6. if the child is not on prophylaxis, start using antibiotics one day before the examination and maintain the therapy for 3-5 days
 7. if the child is on prophylaxis, on the day preceding the examination increase the dosage to double and maintain this dosage for three days
What to bring:
 - clear (NAD) urine and a urine culture test performed no more than 7 days preceding the examination
 - complete medical documentation
 - 48-hour drinking and voiding diary
Urodynamic testing must not be performed in the case of a urinary tract infection!


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Longitudinal data provides the opportunity to study the evolution of New Zealand families and to determine the impact of family background and circumstances on child development and family functioning.
It assesses five studies:
- The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, Dunedin School of Medicine
- The Christchurch Health and Development Study, Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Services
- The Pacific Islands Families Study, Auckland University of Technology
- Best Outcomes for Māori, Te Hoe Nuku Roa, Massey University
- The Survey of Family, Income and Employment, Statistics New Zealand
- The Longitudinal Immigration Survey: New Zealand, Department of Labour.
- It briefly examines four additional studies:
- The Competent Children Project, New Zealand Council for Educational Research
- Te Rerenga ā Te Pīrere, New Zealand Council for Educational Research
- The Youth Connectedness Project, Roy McKenzie Centre, the Health Services Research Centre and the New Zealand Council for Educational Research
- The Canterbury Suicide Project, Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Services.
This report was completed for the Families Commission by Michelle Poland and Jaimie Legge


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Term: Rosendale Township [origin of place name]
Definition: In an early day the name of Rosendale was the most appropriate that could have been given to the tract of land constituting the town of that name. It was suggested by Mrs. George C. Curtis because it was such a perfect vale of roses.
[Source: Butterfield History of Fond du Lac Co., p. 767.]


Sign the ISATEA Petition
We, the undersigned, representing both government, industry and civil society, petition the US Congress to not reauthorize the transportation efficiency act, but to authorize a new transportation efficiency act, called the Intermodal Surface and Air Transportation Efficiency Act(ISATEA). This act would integrate air and surface transportation funding, planning and implementation. For this purpose we petition that a supplemental $300 billion be authorized for the IITS (integrated intermodal transportation system) Initiative which over a period of some 15 year program would result in a US Sustainable Transportation Master Plan. The Plan would reinvigorate the US economy and substantially reduce the GHG emissions by transportation in these troubling times of the climate crisis.
Click to find your Congressperson's email address, then
Click to create an email with the above petition text in the Message area.
Add your own message if you like and then click send in the email.
US Aviation policy is predominantly a federal policy.


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bussos: byssus (a species of flax), also (the) linen (made from it)Original Word: βύσσος, ου, ἡ
Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine
Phonetic Spelling: (boos'-sos)
Short Definition: fine linen, cotton
Definition: fine linen, cotton.
Cognate: 1040 býssos – fine linen, i.e. a very expensive (sought-after) form of linen – "a specific species of Egyptian flax or linen made from it that is very costly, delicate" (J. Thayer). See 1039 (byssinos). Word Origin
of Hebrew origin buts
byssus (a species of flax), also (the) linen (made from it)
fine linen (1).
STRONGS NT 1040: βύσσος
βύσσος, βύσσου, ἡ (Vanicek, Fremdwörter, under the word), byssus, a species of Egyptian flax (found also in India and Achaia) — or linen made from it — very costly, delicate, soft, white, and also of a yellow color (see respecting it Pollux, onomast. 50:7 c. 17 § 75): Luke 16:19; Revelation 18:12 Rec. (In the Sept. generally for שֵׁשׁ, also בּוּץ, cf. 1 Chronicles 15:27; 2 Chronicles 5:12; cf. Winers RWB under the word Baumwolle; (BB. DD., see under the words, and ). Josephus, Antiquities 3, 6, 1f; 3, 7, 2; Philostr. vit. Apoll. 2, 20 (p. 71, Olear. edition); on the flax of Achaia growing about Elis, cf. Pausanias, 5, 5, 2; 7, 21, 7.)<1>
Of Hebrew origin (buwts); white linen -- fine linen.
see HEBREW buwts βυούσης βυσσον βύσσον βύσσος βύσσου βύσσω βώλακας βώλους busson bysson býsson
Strong's Greek 1040
βύσσον — 1 Occ.
Luke 16:19 N-AFS
BIB: πορφύραν καὶ βύσσον εὐφραινόμενος καθ'
NAS: in purple and fine linen, joyously living
KJV: and fine linen, and fared
INT: purple and fine linen making good cheer every


September's Student Leaders Award winner: The Orientation Leader's Executive Board
The Student Leadership Journey Council (SLJC) recognizes and awards the Orientation Executive Board for their leadership skills and their success with Orientation 2013.
Through hard work and dedication, they strived to provide new students and their families a warm welcome and smooth transition into the Case Western Reserve University community.
Below, several commonly asked questions are answered about the Executive Board based in an interview with faculty mentor Amanda McCarthy.
Question: What is the Orientation Executive Board?
Answer: Orientation Executive Board members are undergraduate students who have served at least one year as an Orientation Leader, Adventure and Parent Leader, or International Student ambassador. They work as a para-professional staff member in the Office of First-Year Experience and Family Programs. The orientation executive board assists professional staff in selecting and training orientation student staff and in orientation program and event development.
Q: Are there different leadership styles within the executive board? Were they more similar or different?
A: According to McCarthy, each member was chosen to bring something different to the board. She noted that everyone responds best to a different leadership style and she kept that in mind while deciding who to hire. McCarthy appreciated that leaders learn and grow from each other and strove to achieve diversity in the group in order to promote this.
Q: Orientation Leaders are known to be especially close, how is that established?
A: McCarthy believes the closeness often seen between orientation leaders comes from the team-building focus of the spring training program and retreats. This focus and goal promotes confidence in the Orientation Leaders, including the EBoard. Even though they are newly selected, the Executive Board members do have extra responsibilities during the training, including facilitating activities and working with office personnel. They are looked upon as experienced leaders and role models by the Orientation Leaders.
Q: What was the biggest challenge for the Executive Board and how was it overcome?
A: To McCarthy, it seems that most years the board faces a similar problem. They do not comprehend what is required of them before they actually begin to do it. She sees the members having difficulties when the realization of their many responsibilities hits them, but she also sees the "light bulb moment" when they each ascertain why they are working so hard. She believes the passion and love they each have for what they are doing pushes them through the tough times and makes all the hard work worth it in the end.
Q: How does being on the board influence the members as leaders?
A: After working with multiple boards, McCarthy is able to observe that the members come from very different backgrounds to work together and become a team that strives for a common goal. She enjoys watching the members hold on to their experience on the board and take with them what they learned, and applying it to their future undertakings.
Edit 15 Oct. 2013, 1:16p: The first answer ("What is the Orientation Executive Board") was changed to better reflect the responsibilities and role of the Orientation Executive Board. -Kyle Patterson, Director of Web & Multimedia


What Is Marketable Surplus?
by Ronald Kimmons
By describing something as "marketable," people in the business world mean that it is fit to sell on the market. Surplus is the amount of product that a company manufactures or produces in excess of what is necessary to continue operations. Marketable surplus is a term that agriculturalists use to refer to a specific type of surplus that farmers and ranchers deal with.
Farming requires investment. Farmers must make financial investments in labor, tools, fertilizer and land. They must also invest in seeds. If it is the farmer's first year to grow a certain crop, he probably has to purchase seeds from someone else. A farmer must also invest in the form of personal labor. The marketable surplus for an agricultural entrepreneur is the surplus of produce that exists after the point at which he can make back any money he paid to laborers or used to buy tools, fertilizer and land. If he takes some of the crop for his own family's consumption and to use as seed for the next year, he must account for this as well before calculating the marketable surplus. In this way, marketable surplus is what a farmer makes for his personal labor.
Marketable surplus is the portion of a harvest that a farmer can sell on the market to earn a profit. With this profit she can reinvest into farming operations by purchasing more land or better farming equipment. She may also simply save this profit or use it to purchase personal items.
In agriculture, farmers and ranchers can never know exactly how much product their efforts will yield for a particular season until it is over. For this reason, a farmer may not know what his marketable surplus will be until he actually harvests his fields. This uncertainty of the size of a crop's marketable surplus lends a certain level of uncertainty to the farmer's income expectations.
Marketed Surplus
Another term that closely relates to marketable surplus is marketed surplus. In some cases, these terms may be interchangeable. The principal difference is time perspective: marketable surplus is produce that a farmer currently has on hand to take to market to earn a profit, while marketed surplus is what she has already taken to market to earn a profit.
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