text:
The following is a complete guide on using a neopixel lightsaber. Before using them, you must exercise extreme caution.
The item is not a toy, but rather a collector prop for adults over the age of 18. It must be used by children under the supervision of an adult at all times. Directly staring at the LEDs is harmful and may result in sight impairment. Please use caution while using this product, as sharp edges may occur in some models.
Sabers should not be dismantled or unbolt beyond what is recommended since the electronics are highly sensitive; damage caused by opening the saber is not covered under warranty.
Following points must be kept in consideration before using the lightsaber.
Prior To Using Neopixel Lightsaber
- Please avoid performing any alignment or insertion whilst the power is on, as this may cause the pins to short out.
- Flickers, wrong colors, or no light at all on the blade might be caused by a loose connection between the blade and the retention screw.
- Please push the blade into the hilt until it wouldn't go any farther. When the power is on, do not thrust or detach the blade.
- When dueling with a neopixel blade, please use caution since the guarantee does not claim to recover any destruction occurred to the blade during dueling and only covers craftsmanship.
- When inserting or removing the inner chassis, make sure the connecting pins are aligned properly. Do not press your ear against the speaker.
- Avoid pulling out the protective film from the chassis as it may cause a short circuit.
Attaching The Neopixel Blade into Hilt
- A Neopixel lightsaber is required to use the Neopixel blade. It's not going to work with RGB.
- Place the blade into the emitter of the Neopixel lightsaber. Push the blade all the way in and keep it in place since contact pins in the emitter are spring-loaded.
- Insert the set screw into the drawn holes on the emitter's side. Encase it down slowly using the 2mm hex key included with the screw set. The blade is sufficiently fastened if it is difficult to rotate.
- Keep it secure, but don't over tighten the screw, since this could harm the saber's blade or screw threads.
BASIC GUIDE TO USE NEOPIXEL LIGHTSABER
Note: All lightsaber functions are being performed via one single button, so each function changes by the number of red flashes which are being explained below.
- Wake The Lightsaber: To start the lightsaber, press and hold on the LED button (power button) on the hilt for 2 seconds. A 'Power On' voice will be heard, the ring surrounding the button will light up and the LED button will become active.
- Active mode (turn on the lightsaber): To turn the blade on, quickly press the button on the hilt once.
- Blade power off: Hold the button down for 2 seconds.
- Turn off the Saber: Holding the button for 10 seconds will result in a slowing sound verifying that your saber is shutting off. To confirm this, the light surrounding the hilt button will turn off.
- Saber lock-up: Hold the button for 0.5 seconds until the button LED flashes once, then release.
- Saber force: Keep the button pressed for 1.5 seconds. The button's LED will flash twice, then release.
BLADE ON MODE
When the blade is turned on, the following controls become active. They are dependent on the LED button light's flash:
- Blaster effect: Blaster deflection effect is triggered by pressing the power button once.
- Drag effect: For one flash, press and hold the button, then release it. The drag effect will be activated as a result of this. The drag effect can be ended with a short press.
- Blade colors change: Hold the button down for two flashes before releasing it. The color cycle will begin as a result of this. The LED button will blink twice before being released. When you've achieved the desired color, immediately hit the button once.
- Switch off mode: Hold the button down for another two flashes to switch off the blade.
BLADE OFF MODE
When the blade is turned off, the following controls become active. They are dependent on the LED button light's flash:
- Volume setting: Hold the button down for a single flash, then let go. The volume will be changed as a result of this. High Volume, Low Volume, and Mute Volume are the three options for volume. After setting the desired volume level, push the button once to light up the saber.
- Blade mode: Hold the button down for two flashes before releasing it. The blade effect will be altered as a result of this. On Blaster Blade mode and Ghost Blade mode, maintain any effect. These modes are only affected by blade color and typeface selection.
- Blade light effects: Steady blade, Pulse blade, Rainbow Blade, Unstable blade, and Fire Blade are the five blade effects. Hold the button down for two flashes before releasing it. The blade effect will be altered as a result of this. After choosing a light effect, press the button once to light up the saber.
- Sound setting: Hold the button down for 3 flashes, then let go. The sound typeface will be changed as a result of this. After selecting the desired volume level, press the button once to light up the saber. The user has the option of customizing the font choices.
- Music ON/OFF: Holding the power button down for 1.5 seconds while the blade is turned off (in wake mode). The LED on the button will flash three times. After you've selected music mode, push the button once to turn on the saber.
- Sound fonts select: Holding the power button down for 2 seconds when the blade is turned off (in wake mode). The LED on the button will blink four times. After you've chosen a typeface, hit the button once to activate the saber.
Battery Charging Management
Before using the saber, make sure the battery is completely charged. Connect the charging port to the charger connection. It takes 4 hours to charge. When the battery voltage drops or reaches the warning line, the saber will play an audio recording that says "Low Power" or "Recharge."
Low Power Mode: The saber can be used for a short period of time.
Battery safety mode: This mode is on while charging. The saber will not turn on prior to the battery has been recharged.
How To Charge the Lightsaber?
To charge, plug in the included USB cord or any 5V/1A DC charger. A little light inserted on the chassis turns on when it's charging. The light will automatically turn off once charging is complete.
- Charge for no more than 5 hours. It is suggested not to charge your lightsaber OVERNIGHT.
- To keep your batteries from being completely discharged, charge them every two weeks.
- The battery should never be inserted backwards under any circumstances. Before adding the battery, double-check the polarities.
There are many advanced motion functions included in neopixel lightsaber which are as follows:
- The blade can be turned on or off with a fast-stabbing motion with the hilt level.
- The sound theme will change to the next on the list with a short twist whilst the hilt is pointed down. So long as the hilt is pointed downward, the change will occur in either way.
- If one or more music tracks are accessible in the sorted-out fonts folder, a quick twist while the hilt is pointed up will play them. A fast twist again will turn the music off.
- To engage lockup, hold on the button and strike the hilt/blade. To end the lockup, press the button again.
- A fast twist when hilt is placed in downward direction while holding the button will alter the specified blade color. To change the current color, release the button.
- A short twist while holding the button when the hilt is pointed in upward direction will provide a distinctive effect. If the relevant file is present in the sound theme, it will also play a sound.
FIRMWARE UPDATES TO FIX PROBLEMS
Firmware updates may be published as needed to update effects, solve any faults, and make improvements. To make updating as simple as possible, we currently just require the addition of one file to complete the upgrade. To upgrade your neopixel board, simply follow the procedures below:
- Access your neopixel chassis by removing the grip and pommel.
- Remove the battery with care. The easiest way to achieve this is to lightly tap the end of the chassis in the opposite direction to your hand.
Remember that the chassis is label to verify that the positive and negative ends of the battery line up correctly when reinstalling it.
- Look in the chassis for the micro-SD card. To make re-installation easier, keep a mental note of the orientation.
- Taking out the micro-SD card should be done with caution. Use tweezers or your fingers to remove the item. The connection may be damaged if you push the card up or down.
THE FIRMWARE UPDATE INSTALLATION
- Once available,download the 'update.bin' file from the website on your PC or Mac, go to the file's location.
- Open the 'set' folder on the micro-SD card as shown below.
- Drop the 'update.bin' file into the 'set' directory.
- Once you've placed the.bin file in the 'set' folder, securely eject your micro-SD card and replace it in your chassis.
- Install the batteries but do not turn the hilt on; once the battery is installed, listen for sound


The IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic section "9.2 Recommended correctly rounded functions" lists functions that are recommended (but not required) by a language standard to provide, among them an exp2 function as a particular example.
If a language provides exp2, does the standard require it to be correctly rounded?
As a particular example, I took the exp2 function from the openlibm library, and found it to be correctly rounded in 99.96% of cases. However, in the rest of the cases (e.g., 37 cases from 100,000), it produced an answer that was off by 1 ulp. It's obviously very accurate, but it nevertheless was not correctly rounded in those 37 cases. Does this mean that the exp2 function in openlibm is not IEEE-754 compliant?
 - 4
 $\begingroup$ So it's the difference between "(recommended correctly rounded) functions" and "recommended (correctly rounded functions)", right? $\endgroup$ – Kirill Nov 17 '17 at 19:02
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ yes, exactly. $\endgroup$ – Ondřej Čertík Nov 18 '17 at 20:16
According to [1]: "However, the IEEE-754 standard specifies nothing for elementary functions" and "Indeed, the mathematical libraries (libm) provided by operating systems do not guarantee correct rounding.". As such, according to [1], the answer is that the IEEE-754 standard does not require the exp2 function to be correctly rounded, it only recommends it.
[1] de Dinechin, F., Ershov, A. V., & Gast, N. (2005). Towards the Post-Ultimate libm. In 17th IEEE Symposium on Computer Arithmetic (ARITH'05) (pp. 288–295). IEEE. _URL_
Your Answer


text:
"Greatest Snow on Earth" Under Threat?
The famously light dry powder snow of Utah is under threat from the growing needs of an expanding population, and higher temperatures die to climate change, scientists say. Utah trademarked the phrase "The greatest snow on earth" in 1975 and fought legal battles with the circus that trademarked "the greatest show on earth" to be able to keep using it. The argument is that the snow is particularly fine and dry thanks to unique geographical and climatical conditions. Unfortunately though climate change and the increasing need for water from the growing population around Salt Lake City looks likely to decrease the snow in the Wasatch Mountains, home to Park City, America's biggest ski area, among others, scientists believe. The Great

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Whether you're researching keywords, reviewing lead sources, or analyzing customer attributes from a CRM export, Google Sheets' COUNTIF and COUNTIFS formulas can help.
These two spreadsheet formulas will only count a cell (from a range of cells) if specific criteria are met.
Recently, a multichannel retailer wanted to analyze five years' worth of lead and conversion data from its customer relationship management software. Leads might come from the retailer's website, its various digital marketing efforts, offline advertising, or folks just walking into a store.
…a multichannel retailer wanted to analyze five years' worth of lead and conversion data…
The company sells relatively expensive products that range from $10,000 to $50,000 each. Thus, it may take a few contacts to close a sale. Understanding which sources produce leads could help the retailer understand how to get more customers.
Unfortunately, the company's CRM did not provide the required report. So a couple of folks from the retailer's marketing department exported the data in comma-separated values format. This CSV file was uploaded to a Google Sheet, and thanks to COUNTIF and COUNTIFS, it was fairly easy to identify which lead sources produced the most sales.
To demonstrate how to apply COUNTIF and COUNTIFS formulas, I'll use sample data.
The data has four columns: an order number, the U.S. state from which the order was placed, the lead source, and the sale amount. For the examples, I'll focus on just two of these columns: the state and the lead source. The name of the sheet is "Lead Data." Notice that I included this name the range of cells.
I will create a second sheet to analyze lead sources by U.S. state. This sheet will have a column to list the states, the total count for each state, and the count and percentage of the total for each lead source.
I will use the COUNTIF formula to get the total number of orders originating from each state. The formula accepts two parameters, the range and the criterion.
The range is any set of cells in the current sheet or another sheet. Our range will come from the "Lead Data" sheet and not the current one.
Typing "=COUNTIF" into the formula bar in Google Sheets will auto-generate formula options from a list. Select "=COUNTIF" and navigate to the range and then drag to select it.
When a cell contains text, the criterion is quoted. For our example, I first wanted to get a count of all of the sales to California — designated as "CA" in the cells of the state column. This is what the COUNTIF formula looked like:
=COUNTIF('Lead Data'!B2:B25, "CA")
The section describing the sheet and range uses 'Lead Data'!B2:B25 as the range and the state ("CA") for the criterion. If the range had been in the same or current sheet, it would not have included the sheet name.
I can use this same approach to get the count for each state on the list.
The formula is similar to COUNTIF. In this case, we are counting only rows that have "CA" in the state column.
=COUNTIFS('Lead Data'!B2:B25, "CA")
To this, we add a comma, followed by a second range and a second criterion — Facebook in this example.
=COUNTIFS('Lead Data'!B2:B25, "CA", 'Lead Data'!C2:C25, "Facebook")
Changing the criterion for the state will give us a count of the leads from Facebook that converted consumers from each state. For our example, I also wanted to know the percentage of total leads these represented. So I can add a slash and a reference to the total leads for a given state.
=COUNTIFS(('Lead Data'!B2:B25, "CA", 'Lead Data'!C2:C25, "Facebook")/B3)
You can also include operators in the criterion value for either COUNTIF or COUNTIFS. Place these inside the quotation marks surrounding the criterion value.
Here are some examples.
- "<>CA" — Not equal "CA" where "<>" means not equal.
- ">10" — Greater than 10.
- "<10" — Less than 10.
- ">=10" — Greater than or equal to 10.
- "<=10" — Less than or equal to 10.
Finally, there are also two available wildcard characters for criterion values.
-? — Matches any single character.
- * — Matches zero or more contiguous characters.
To match an actual? or *, put a tilde (~) in front of it. For example, "~?" would match a question mark.


Automatic Parts Washer: A Simple Solution To Increase Efficiency And Productivity
Apr 19, 2021
An automatic parts washer is an effective and efficient solution to increasing operational productivity in businesses around the world. Vital Manufacturing Inc. uses breakthrough technology in every parts washer model.
Using a parts washer is an effective and efficient solution to increasing operational productivity in businesses worldwide. Whether it's a manufacturing business, an automotive business, or an engineering business, a parts washer will streamline the ability to clean any workpiece needed to carry out everyday procedures. Businesses that use this format of cleaning will see an increase in productivity by more than 15%, and the labor required for industrial sanitization will decrease drastically.
The idea of a parts washer isn't new to the industry. They were first introduced to automotive transmission and engine shops to improve the efficiency of soak tanks in the 1960's. Before having a parts washer, these automotive shops would degrease workpieces in a large vat filled with detergent. It took several hours to soften the build-up of grime, tar, or oil enough to be manually cleaned off prior to being disassembled, repaired, or reassembled.
Similar to a soak tank, a parts washer will degrease and remove contaminants from any workpiece — but the difference is how much time and labor the process of cleaning parts in a soak tank took. These automatic washers relieved the timeliness and labor-intensiveness of soak tanks, creating a more efficient way of cleaning. And a more efficient business operation as well.
What is a parts washer?
A parts washer is a piece of machinery that businesses use to remove contaminants and debri from workpieces. They took the place of soak tanks in the 1960's to clean parts more efficiently than simply submerging the parts in water and solvent.
How does a parts washer work?
A parts washer works by using high heat and jet stream water to deteriorate anything from grease to solid matter on small or large parts. The parts are cleaned automatically in an enclosed cabinet that carries out the entire process of cleaning — from loading, washing, and rinsing to drying and unloading.
A parts washer can clean the majority of workpieces in an industrial facility, including nuts, bolts, screws, engine blocks, and rail bearings.
Why use a parts washer?
A parts washer can increase productivity in your workplace by more than 15%. For companies who are in the business of growth and profitability, this automatic innovation is an essential addition for streamlining practices.
What is a parts washer solvent?
Parts washer solvent is the mixture used in any solvent-based parts washer to clean off the dirt, grease, or grime from the workpieces being washed.
Any solvent-based parts washer will require impeccable record keeping and manifesting, hazardous materials handling charges, as well as the heavy use of PPE for any employee using the solvent-based parts washer.
Can parts washer solvent be shipped internationally?
It's dangerous to ship hazardous materials like parts washer solvents.
To avoid this roadblock, a water-based parts washer is free of those hazardous solvents and can be easily maintained with a wash fluid made up almost entirely of water.
What is a water-based parts washer?
A water-based parts washer is an environmentally-friendly alternative to toxic degreasing methods used by a solvent-based parts washer. It also relieves the stress of keeping inventory of solvents by hazardously shipping them.
Vital Manufacturing Inc. makes three styles of parts washers that all operate with 95% water-based wash fluids, eliminating the hassle and toxicity of using harsh chemicals.
Where to buy a parts washer?
You can buy a parts washer from Vital Manufacturing Inc., a leading manufacturer in water-based parts washers. With three different models, Vital Manufacturing Inc. has an automatic washer for any need.
Their VPW-1924 is known as the best value in the industry, packing an efficient punch for its relatively small size. This model has a 19″ turn-table, a working height of 24", and a roll-in door.
With a 30" turn-table and a working height of 40", Vital Manufacturing Inc. builds a parts washer model that is the perfect size for almost any part washing job. This model is their VPW-3040, and is a completely hassle-free operation.
Their third model is the VPW-4260. With a 2,500 lb turntable capacity, Vital Manufacturing Inc,'s largest parts washer features a 42" turn-table and 60" working height.
A water-based parts washer from Vital Manufacturing Inc. is an environmentally-friendly solution to increasing the efficiency of any business operation. For more information, you can visit their website and speak with a specialist.
Show Buttons
Hide Buttons
Web Analytics


text:
A Healthy Working Environment For Everyone
- Find an occupational hygienist
- Guidance for employers
- Guidance for occupational hygienists
- The Annals of Occupational Hygiene
How to Find an Occupational Hygienist
- Qualified and experienced occupational hygienists
- Specialist occupational hygiene support services
- UK-wide coverage
- The security of knowing these companies provide consultants who are qualified members of the Faculty of Occupational Hygiene
Although membership of the Faculty of Occupational Hygiene cannot be taken as an endorsement of an individual by BOHS, it does provide the confidence of knowing that entry into the Faculty is via professional examinations which, even at the lowest grade, demonstrate a minimum of three years' practical experience in the comprehensive practice of occupational hygiene.
Why use a professional occupational hygienist?
Employers are required by law to appoint "competent persons" to assist them in complying with their statutory duties in health and safety.
Where specialist expertise is not available within an organisation, employers often contract occupational hygiene support services from external consultants.
Professional occupational hygienists:
- Are trained, experienced and competent in their field
- Use science and engineering to control risks to health, by designing out hazards and applying engineering controls to reduce exposures to a minimum
- Can offer objective, technically valid and impartial advice
- Are bound by the Faculty's Code of Ethics, and are subject to the highest standards of technical and professional integrity
- Are required to participate in CPD schemes to maintain their current levels of knowledge
How to select an occupational hygienist
In selecting an occupational hygienist, and before entering into any contract for services, employers may wish to consider:
- Personal recommendations from colleagues
- The experience of the service provider
- The availability of the provider
- Exactly which individual hygienist will be responsible for managing the contract
- The resources (including back-up capacity) available to the provider
- The cost of the services, including a detailed quotation specifying the project objectives; timescales; deliverables; and cost


Take the 2-minute tour ×
When we want to find the standard deviation of $\{1,2,2,3,5\}$ we do
$$\sigma = \sqrt{ {1 \over 5-1} \left( (1-2.6)^2 + (2-2.6)^2 + (3-2.6)^2 + (5 - 2.6^2) \right) } \approx 1.52$$.
Why do we need to square and then square-root the numbers?
share|improve this question
+1, excellent question, though I think the title can be improved. I think you selected the wrong answer though — there are many better reasons for the deviation formula than convenience. – Ilya Nikokoshev Oct 22 '09 at 18:07
I hope that (over four years later) someone will return to this classical question. There seems to be something special about the number $p=2$ in $L_p$ norms. What is it? Flatness? Something exotic? (whatever makes Gleason's theorem work?) It seems to me that whatever makes $2$ special is independent of the CLT. It would be disappointing if the Gaussian assumption is the final reason for $p=2$. – isomorphismes Jan 14 at 16:36
9 Answers 9
up vote -2 down vote accepted
One answer is mathematical convenience. The theory is much simpler using powers of two rather than other powers.
There are justifications. Squaring makes small numbers smaller and makes big numbers bigger. You could argue that a useful measure of dispersion should be forgiving of small errors but weigh larger errors more heavily, so it makes sense to square the deviations from the mean.
share|improve this answer
Sorry for -1, but you miss the key point, see my answer. – Ilya Nikokoshev Oct 22 '09 at 18:04
Intro by Reid Barton
I think the answer should involve the additivity of variance for independent variables and the central limit theorem. Maybe someone can flesh this out.
Indeed, the variance has the additivity property: if r_1 is a random variable with mean m_1 and variance d_1 and r_2 is a random variable with mean m_2 and variance d_2 and these two variables are independent then the new random variable r = r_1+r_2 has the mean m_1+m_2 and variance d_1+d_2.
Moreover, suppose we sum a large number N of independent copies of our random variable r with mean m and variance d. Under mild assumptions, the central limit says the distribution will approach a normal distribution, which by the above has mean Nm and variance Nd. Observe that a normal distribution is completely determined by its mean and variance. We conclude that the only parameters of a distribution that we can observe from the sum of many independent copies of the distribution are the mean and variance.
Now that we established how good it is to square numbers, to get variance, the standard deviation has a very easy explanation: it's the only way to get back from variance to something with the dimension of our original set. That is, suppose you numbers are some lengths written in meters. Since the variance is meters squared, you have to take the square root to get something that can be compared with the original set.
Now, honestly, this not the only way, since you could also, e.g., multiply it by 2. That's why it's called standard deviation — to show that among different numerical constants we've chosen a specific one.
share|improve this answer
Excellent use of community wiki! – Anton Geraschenko Oct 19 '09 at 7:00
Ilya seems to have confused variance and standard deviation. The variance of the sum of independent random variables is the sum of the variances: Var(X+Y)=Var(X)+Var(Y) so StdDev(X+Y)=sqrt(Var(X)+Var(Y)), which in general is not equal to StdDev(X)+StdDev(Y) – Robert Parviainen Oct 22 '09 at 18:22
Fixed, and included the relation to the central limit theorem. – Reid Barton Oct 22 '09 at 18:41
Ah, sorry, I also included a longer but essentially the same paragraph as yours. – Ilya Nikokoshev Oct 22 '09 at 18:44
I think you guys are dismissing the L^2 interpretation of this question. Variance is important, but it is just a special case of covariance, which is where the real action is going on. All the nice properties of variance follow from the fact that covariance is more or less an inner product, and independent random variables are orthogonal with respect to that inner product. – Dinakar Muthiah Oct 24 '09 at 19:27
Short answer: You could argue that the most natural thing to do when defining a "standard deviation-type" quantity is to use an absolute value: E( |X| ), but its really annoying to deal with absolute values under the expectation, so we use the next best thing: E( X^2 )^(1/2). You still get something positive and its easier to deal with the square inside. We take a square root at the end to get something with the same "units" as X.
Long answer: It's often helpful to think of random variables as living in the function space L^2(Omega), and in this setting, this computation gives the L^2 norm of the centered random variable X - EX. Also, with this perspective, the covariance defines is a inner product.
share|improve this answer
Sorry, I think I was too rush in downvoting. The L^2 observation makes a lot of sense and is quite deep. – Ilya Nikokoshev Oct 24 '09 at 20:31
What definitions are you using for "short" and "long"? – Cap Khoury Jul 30 '10 at 1:26
But why is $L^2$ cooler than $L^4$ or some other absolute value/function space? – isomorphismes Jan 14 at 16:17
_USER_ It has more random variables with finite norm. And it implies that two random variables with finite variance have also a finite covariance. – Stephan Sturm Jan 14 at 17:55
One answer I've heard is that you want the notion of standard deviation to 1) apply to points in Euclidean space, and 2) to be invariant under rotation. You don't get the second property unless you square the distances.
share|improve this answer
What does "rotation" mean in statistics? It's clear in physics why we should prize rotation-invariance, but if our three measurements of a person are the length of their surname + their height + their wealth, then I would only compute SD 1-dimensionally. – isomorphismes Jan 14 at 16:22
I guess PCA involves rotation... – isomorphismes Jan 16 at 4:32
The answers here that stress that the answers here that stress convenience are missing the crucial point are missing a crucial point. There are at least two ways to approach variance (which are sort of dual to one another):
(1) I need to measure the spread of a distribution of values. What measure should I use? [Possible answer: variance.]
(2) If I define V[X] = E[(X-E[X])^2], then V[X] has many nice properties and seems to relate well to other parts of the theory and even other parts of mathematics. Obviously, it's something pretty important theoretically. What are its practical uses? [Possible answer: as a measure of spread.]
If the only thing you care about is measuring spread, then convenience may be the only reason for you to use the variance, if you use it at all. I don't think anybody can seriously claim that among all measures of spread, the variance is absolutely the best-quality measure in all situations. Yes, the variance is additive and allows you to formulate the central limit theorem, and properties like that are certainly very nice to have, both in theory and in practice, but they don't make it a better measure of spread. So from this perspective, "convenience" often is the right answer.
On the other hand, as a theorist, you would probably want to develop the theory along the most fruitful route, so you would be stupid to ignore the variance in any case. Its usefulness as a measure of spread then is less important, and its overall properties are rather more important. From this perspective, "convenience" isn't really the right answer, since it doesn't convey the intrinsic value it has by virtue of the excellent theory surrounding it.
share|improve this answer
Interesting (and +1) – Ilya Nikokoshev Oct 24 '09 at 20:27
But no, I think you're stepping on a bit confusing path. Yes, if you just define the variance, it is convenient. But why is it convenient? You should say something about the reason, otherwise you're just changing a mystery as for why to use variance into a mystery as for why variance is convenient. – Ilya Nikokoshev Oct 24 '09 at 20:30
Though I agree may be I should have been more respectful to L^2 argument. – Ilya Nikokoshev Oct 24 '09


text:
WHITEHALL – The White Lake area is turning a corner in its environmental history as work moves from cleaning up hazardous materials to restoring the area's wetlands to their natural condition.
Excavation of the wetlands at the former Occidental Chemical site will start in June, Muskegon Conservation District Executive Director Jeff Auch said. Most of the work will be to remove earth and concrete placed into the wetlands to push the usable shoreline further into the lake for docking during the area's industrial period.
Once the foreign material is removed, the seeds of native plants will begin to regenerate the wetland, Auch said.
"That site is actually very clean," he said.
Other work will include removing black locust trees, which are not native to Michigan and were likely planted when the property was a religious retreat, Auch said.
The worst of White Lake's contamination from the days of tanning leather and manufacturing chemicals is cleaned up, Auch said, though groundwater remediation continues at some sites. Since there are no immediate plans to redevelop the sites, the companies that owned them have mostly decided to return them to prairies or wetlands, he said.
"It either stands as a wasteland or they choose to do something beneficial with it," he said. "And they've decided to do something beneficial with it."
Follow Megan Hart on Twitter _USER_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Planning algorithm for training cosmonauts in ISS
We consider the problem of trainings planning on ISS. Shown that the problem is a combination of a k Partition Problem and an Assignment Problem. NP-compleeteness is proofed. A heuristic and an exact algorithms are proposed.
We consider the problem of planning the ISS cosmonaut training with different objectives. A pre-defined set of minimum qualification levels should be distributed between the crew members with minimum training time differences, training expenses or a maximum of the training level with a limitation of the budget. First, a description of the cosmonaut training process is given. The model are considered for the volume planning problem. The objective of the model is to minimize the differences between the total time of the preparation of all crew members. Then two models are considered for the timetabling planning problem. For the volume planning problem, two algorithms are presented. The first one is aheuristic with a complexity of O(n) operations. The second one consists of a heuristic and exact parts, and it is based on the npartition problem approach.
The central question that motives this paper is the problem of making up a freight train and the routes on the railway. It is necessary from the set of orders available at the stations to determine time-scheduling and destination routing by railways in order to minimize the total completion time. In this paper it was suggested formulation of this problem by applying integer programming.
We consider the problem of planning the cousmonaut's time in ISS with given set of tasks, time planning horizon and load constraints. Shown that the problem is NP-hard in a strong sense. The heuristic algorithm was proposed. Proved that proposed algorithm is exact for problem with requirement of performing all tasks. Program C++ was written and algorithm's work was qualitatively analyzed.
In this article, the fairdivision problem for two participants in the presence of both divisible and indivisibleitems is considered. Three interrelated modifications of the notion of fairdivision–profitably, uniformly and equitably fairdivisions–were introduced. Computationally efficient algorithm for finding all of them was designed. The algorithm includes repetitive solutions of integer knapsack-type problems as its essential steps. The necessary and sufficient conditions of the existence of proportional and equitable division were found. The statements of the article are illustrated by various examples.
In this paper, we will show that the width of simplices defined by systems of linear inequalities can be computed in polynomial time if some minors of their constraint matrices are bounded. Additionally, we present some quasi-polynomial-time and polynomial-time algorithms to solve the integer linear optimization problem defined on simplices minus all their integer vertices assuming that some minors of the constraint matrices of the simplices are bounded.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
The origin of spin is some what a puzzle to me, everything spin from galaxies to planets to weather to electrons.
Where has all the angular momentum come from? Why is it so natural?
I was also thinking do photons spin? we always think of the wave as a standard 2d sin wave but could this rotate in 3d? What implications would this have?
And what about spacetime how does all the spinning effect?
This has always been avoided in all lectures and classes I ever went to.
share|improve this question
Re: waves, see en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_polarization – Willie Wong Jul 11 '11 at 0:07
Your question is not entirely "true"! Elliptic galaxies do not spin. Same is for the central bulge of spirals galaxies afaik. – Georg Jul 11 '11 at 12:50
add comment
4 Answers
Sticking strictly to classical mechanics, things in space are all moving, in different directions. They are not standing still. You could ask why are they not standing still, but I guess that's cosmology.
Suppose two cars pass in opposite directions on a road. When they pass, there is a certain distance between them. So if you draw a dotted line around the pair of them, that pair has angular momentum, which is just momentum at a distance. They don't have to be spinning around a center to have angular momentum. They only have to be traveling past each other.
If one of the cars threw out a magnet on a rope and captured the other, now they would start spinning like a bolas. That's what happens when things moving past each other are pulled together. Whether or not they're pulled together, they still have angular momentum. It's just another way of saying they're moving past each other.
share|improve this answer
add comment
The origin of spin can be traced in two fundamental physical postulates:
 1. Einstein's (general) relativity postulate
 2. Wigner's principle stating that elementary particles carry irreducible unitary representations of the symmetries of nature
According to the first principle, every local reference frame of space-time is Minkowskian and the laws of physics are the same in all local reference frames. Now, the automorphism group of a Minkowski space is the Poincare group, therefore the laws of physics are convariant under the Poincare group.
The second principle allows us to actually identify between elementary particles and irreducible representations of the symmetry groups of nature. Applying this principle to the Poincare group, we obtain that elementary particles carry irreducible unitary representations of the Poincare group, and by consequence irreducible unitary representations of its subroups, in particular, the rotation group. Now, since elementary representations of the rotation group are classified by the spin, then elementary particles carry spin.
There is a subtlety in this description, in that the representations of the rotation group correspond only to integer spin and as we know half integer spin exists in nature also. This issue was also addressed by Wigner, who generalized the correspondence between elementary particles and representations to projective representations as well (see for example Wigner's collected works). The projective representations of the rotation group correspond to half integer as well as integer spin.
share|improve this answer
add comment
I think that the simplest way to answer this question is to state the apposite. when you put, launch or deliver something in space it is nearly impossible for it not to spin. To have no angular momentum in 0g is nearly impossible. Besides vacuum random spin is the most difficult problem in space.
share|improve this answer
Spin in space is a problem because there is a lack of things to impact. i.e. on the Earth you will only spin so long before air resistance or the ground dissipates it. This is not a direct consequence of zero-gravity. This is implied by your answer, but perhaps not intentionally. Can you clarify it please? – qubyte Nov 25 '11 at 17:34
add comment
In elementary particles all particles that have spin different than 0, spin, i.e. have angular momentum, so photons are spinning too, they have spin 1. There exist particles and systems with spin 0 (pions as an example), those do not spin :).
Since physics started from macroscopic studies one has to look at the equations that describe motion classically, very successfully. These equations, obey "Noether's theorem" that shows there are conserved quantities in the dynamics of motion coming from the symmetries of the system. Energy, momentum and angular momentum are conserved.
This means that once a path or a system rotation is established by some interaction, for example by a grazing impact of two asteroids, if there are no further interactions the asteroids will keep on spinning because the angular momentum they gave each other will be conserved individually.
So the answer to your question
is : from conservation laws. It is natural because equations of motion and conservation laws are a description of the mechanics of nature, and that is the way nature works.
Now space time and angular momentum are another story in General Relativity, where, because a rotating object has acceleration in the radial direction it distorts space time around it. For a simplified view see this experiment.
share|improve this answer
The two rotations are equal and opposite each other, adding to a zero angular momentum. – anna v Feb 6 '13 at 16:39
add comment
Your Answer


text:
JutlandArticle Free Pass
Jutland, Danish Jylland, projection of northern Europe forming the continental portion of Denmark. The peninsula is bounded to the west and north by the North Sea and the Skagerrak and to the east by the Kattegat and the Little Belt. The Chersonesus Cimbrica, or Cimbric Chersonese, of ancient geography, it was subsequently named for the Jutes (a Germanic people) and includes, in its larger sense, the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. Politically, as the result of the Treaty of Versailles of 1919, Jutland ends southward at Flensburg (Flensborg) Fjord and includes the islands north of the Limfjorden. Area 11,496 square miles (29,775 square km).
What made you want to look up "Jutland"? Please share what surprised you most...


text:
A female orangutan named Bonnie from the National Zoo in Washington DC knows how to whistle and she does it because she can. Bonnie's whistling was documented by Great Ape Trust of Iowa early last December. Her self-taught talent shed new light on the evolution of speech, said Bonnie's keeper Erin Stromberg. "Sounds aren't necessarily all genetic... they also can be behavioral or ecological, and they are also voluntary", Stromberg added. BBC picked up the story last Thursday.
Bonnie whistles because she feels like it, not because for potential food reward. Researchers thought that orangutans have a limited number of sounds that they can make, all are involuntary responses based on emotions or to avoid predators. Bonnie's whistling certainly changed this perception. It turns out that Bonnie's friend, Indah also knew how to whistle. Scientists believe that Indah learned how to whistle from Bonnie. Indah died in 2004.
Bonnie's vocal plasticity might be the answer for the evolution of speech in orangutans or even the great apes.
"Orangutan's spontaneous whistling opens new chapter in study of evolution of speech". Click on the Great Ape Trust of Iowa website or the.pdf version to read more.


Continuous Question-Answer Pairs
Main Article Content
Yosef Goldenberg
The article offers a generalized study of continuous question-answer pairs in common-practice tonal music. These include continuous periods (with dominant-version consequent or other consequents with non-tonic beginnings), most but not all cases of the hybrid theme type compound basic theme + consequent, and many but not all statement-response pairs in sentential presentations. In question-answer pairs, the first ending is less stable than the second, but it need not be a cadence. Various aspects contribute to the evaluation of each specific case, including caesuras, motivic parallelism, symmetry, internal organization, unit length, independence of the hyper-unit, and melodic closure.
Article Details
Submission Type


text:
The surname Spink in my family tree is from my paternal line. At the moment I have 27 people with this surname. The earliest person is my 4x great grandfather William Spink who was born about 1764, probably in the Linton area of the Yorkshire Dales.
According to surnamedb the name Spink is of Anglo-Saxon origin. It is said to derive from a nickname given in the first instance to someone thought to resemble a finch in some way. Possibly with reference to its brightly coloured plumage or sweet singing voice.
A large number of early medieval surnames were gradually created from the habitual use of nicknames, given with reference to a variety of characteristics, such as
- a person's physical attributes or peculiarities
- mental or moral qualities
- a fancied resemblance to an animal's or bird's appearance or disposition
- habits of dress, or
The first recorded spelling of the family name is believed to be that of Roger Spinc dated 1133 in the "Chartulary of Ramsey Monastery", Bedforshire. Other early recordings are :-
Thomas Spink listed in the Assize Rolls of Northumberland in 1256; the marriage of Edmonde Spincke and Alice Madison in Stepney, London on 5th September 1604; and the marriage of Stephen Spink and Ann Ring on 29th October 1696.


text:
In the bustling metropolis of Zurich, Switzerland, amidst the pressures and demands of modern life, people are increasingly looking for private development and self-improvement. Self-enquiry, a profound apply rooted in introspection and self-reflection, has gained reputation as a transformative path for private development. In this article, we will discover the significance of self-enquiry in Zurich, Switzerland, and the method it can foster self-awareness, self-discovery, and private progress.
Self-enquiry is a follow of turning inward and exploring the nature of 1's personal consciousness, beliefs, feelings, and thought patterns. It involves asking deep, introspective questions to realize perception into oneself and to examine the core features of identity, purpose, and which means. Self-enquiry encourages individuals to question their assumptions, challenge limiting beliefs, and explore their true nature.
The Role of Self-Enquiry in Personal Development
Self-enquiry is an invaluable device for personal growth in Zurich. By delving into the depths of 1's being, people can gain self-awareness, perceive their motivations and behaviors, and identify areas for growth and improvement. Self-enquiry fosters a deep sense of introspection and self-reflection, enabling people to make acutely aware selections, align with their values, and create positive adjustments of their lives.
Benefits of Self-Enquiry in Zurich
Engaging in self-enquiry in Zurich can have quite a few benefits for personal development. It provides a chance to gain readability about one's goals, aspirations, and life function. Self-enquiry helps people develop a greater understanding of their emotions, improve their self-confidence, and domesticate a way of inside peace and achievement. It additionally promotes authenticity, empowering individuals to reside in alignment with their true selves.
Hva er Forbruksgjeld and Self-Enquiry
Mindfulness, the follow of being totally current in the second, is intently intertwined with self-enquiry. Mindfulness enhances self-awareness, allowing people in Zurich to look at their ideas, feelings, and sensations with out judgment. By combining mindfulness with self-enquiry, people can cultivate a deeper understanding of themselves, recognize thought patterns that may hinder personal growth, and make aware decisions to change them.
Self-Enquiry and Personal Growth Workshops
Zurich presents a big selection of private growth workshops, retreats, and seminars where people can interact in self-enquiry in a supportive and immersive setting. These workshops provide a space for deep introspection, self-reflection, and sharing experiences with like-minded people. Skilled facilitators guide individuals through self-enquiry exercises, helping them uncover insights, problem limiting beliefs, and embark on a journey of non-public development.
Self-Enquiry and Professional Guidance
While self-enquiry is primarily a person apply, looking for skilled steerage can further improve personal development in Zurich. Working with a educated coach or therapist who focuses on self-enquiry can present priceless assist and steerage. They might help people navigate challenges, overcome obstacles, and achieve clarity on their private and professional objectives.
Integrating Self-Enquiry into Daily Life
The true energy of self-enquiry lies in its integration into day by day life. In Zurich, individuals can incorporate self-enquiry practices into their routines, corresponding to journaling, meditation, or aware self-reflection. Regular self-enquiry practices create a foundation for steady personal growth, as people develop a deeper understanding of themselves and make aware decisions aligned with their values.
Self-enquiry offers a profound path to non-public improvement in Zurich, Switzerland. Through introspection, self-reflection, and the follow of mindfulness, people can embark on a transformative journey of self-discovery, self-awareness, and personal progress. In Zurich's vibrant and supportive setting, people have access to private progress workshops, skilled steering, and resources that can facilitate their self-enquiry journey. By engaging in self-enquiry and integrating it into their day by day lives, people in Zurich can unlock their true potential, enhance their well-being, and create a significant and fulfilling life.
Business Name: Helen Mosimann-Kogan
Phone Number: 0041 782285100


text:
Dam construction is built to withstand the rate of water into the reservoir, lake or recreation areas. Often dams are also used to provide water to a hydroelectric plants. Most of the dam also has a section called the floodgates to dispose of unwanted water gradually or sustainable. The check dam or dam is building to withstand the water flow rate and water level or increase.
Usually the dam functioned for agricultural irrigation, power generation, recreation and fisheries. Dams were built in Java because the area is mountainous, frequent flooding, extensive agricultural areas and others. Average reservoir is a large pool used to collect water and used for various purposes. This reservoir is nothing natural or artificial. In West Java dams in small numbers quite a lot and the people of West Java called reservoirs relatively small size such as Situ.
Dam (dam) and dam (weir) is actually a different structure. Dam (weir) is a low head dam structure (lowhead dam), which serves to raise the water level, usually found in the river. Increased surface river water will melimpas through peak / mercu weir (overflow). Can be used as a measure of the speed of water flow in the canal / river and could be a driving force in the traditional pengilingan European countries.
In countries with sizeable rivers and torrential flow, a series of dams can be operated to form a water transport system. In Indonesia, many dams used for irrigation by raising the water level, when the river water level is lower than the face of the land that will be watered.
Figure 27. a large dam on the river


Blade Path and the Ideal Blade
Defining and studying an "ideal blade" has informed our blade innovation over the years and has led to the development of our most efficient blades: the Smoothie2 Vortex Edge and Fat2 blades.
The Typical Blade Path During the Drive
Contrary to how it might look, an oar blade does not travel in a continual arc through the water as represented in Figure 1. This would only be true if the boat were tied up to a dock. The typical path of the blade, as the boat moves past the point of entry, is the complex movement shown in Figure 2.
Figure 1: The assumed blade path.
Figure 2: What the blade path is typically.
Below, the blade path is illustrated by an image taken from an overhead video of an actual oar in the water.
We define this typical blade path as having four distinct phases:
 - Phase 1: Forward Blade Motion—The blade moves significantly forward, toward the finish line.
 - Phase 2: Outward Blade Motion—The blade moves outward, away from the boat.
 - Phase 3: Backward Blade Motion—The blade moves backward, toward the starting line.
 - Phase 4: Inward Blade Motion—The blade moves inward, toward the boat.
Having identified the typical blade path, we can now examine how a theoretical ideal blade would move and what this might tell us about how to best harness the rower's effort during the drive.
The Ideal Blade
We define the ideal blade as having:
 - Zero slip perpendicular to the blade surface.
 - No resistance to movement in line with the shaft; in other words, it would glide.
 - The ability to rotate in the water. We will define the point of rotation as the point where the blade and shaft join.
Developing a New Blade Path
Keeping in mind that boat movement influences blade path, and that blade movement is defined by the characteristics of the ideal blade, we plotted what the ideal blade path would be. We have assumed that the boat speed would be the same as for the typical path, so the position of the oarlock is the same as in each frame of the typical path diagram. Each new oar position was then plotted between the oarlock and the new blade position as defined by our ideal blade. See Figure 3.
Figure 3. The ideal blade path
In Figure 4 we have superimposed the ideal path (green) and the typical path (red) with the blades removed for clarity.
Observation 1: Shorter Outboard Length
Our first observation is the handle positions noted by the circle. It appears as though the ideal oar has not completed the stroke. To adjust for this we shortened the outboard length used with the ideal blade and re-plotted as before. This is illustrated in Figure 5.
Figure 4
Figure 5
Observation 2: Slower Rotation at Beginning of Drive
After superimposing the two blade paths, we noted that at the beginning of the drive, the ideal oar rotates more slowly than the typical oar and then speeds up in the second half of the drive.
To the rower, this means the ideal blade will feel heavier early in the drive and feel lighter after the oar reaches perpendicular. From a physiological standpoint, it makes sense to maximize blade efficiency at the same point of the stroke when the rower is using his or her large muscles to power the drive. From the perpendicular to the finish, only the upper body and arms are engaged, so it also makes sense that the load becomes lighter and handle speed increases in this phase of the drive.
Observation 3: Less Work Required to Move the Same Speed
Once the ideal oar was shortened, we were able to achieve the same catch and finish angles and the same amount of drive time as that of the oar in the typical blade path. The boat also moved the same distance, indicating that it moved at the same speed regardless of which oar was used. Because the outboard lever is shorter in the ideal blade path, the force on the handle is less, which means that less work is required to move the boat the same speed. This also means that if the same force is applied on the handle, the force on the end of the shorter oar will be greater. In other words, the rower will get more speed for equal effort.
Less effort, same speed
Equal effort, more speed
Observation 4: Less Slip
By observing blade movement during oar rotation, we noted that the ideal blade slips less. Note the image below. The slip pattern of the ideal blade is on the right. Of course, this is expected by definition of the "ideal blade."
We also see that the typical blade slips more during the first part of the drive and doesn't slip enough during the last part of the drive. The area shaded red indicates a backwatering condition where the part of the blade near the shaft produces some negative thrust, or drag. This is created by the combination of blade rotation and forward movement of the boat.
Typical Blade
Ideal Blade
Pursuing a Blade that Approaches the Theoretical Ideal
With an increased understanding of what would produce an efficient blade, we set off to design a new blade by targeting specific blade features.
 - Surface area—Increased surface areas tend to resist slippage perpendicular to the blade surface.
 - Curvature/hook—Flatter blades generate a heavier feel earlier in the drive, allowing for slower rotation.
 - Tip characteristics—Vortex generating features reduce slippage perpendicular to the blade surface.
 - Tip shape—Tapered blade edges create a force on the back of the blade, increase lift, and reduce slip, much like the delta wing effect in aeronautics.
We built these features into our Smoothie2 Vortex Edge and Fat2 blades, making them the most efficient blades we offer. Read more about how we conduct on water testing.


How Can I Make Keema Naan?
1 Answers
Iftikhar Ahmad Profile
Iftikhar Ahmad answered
Keema Naan
1. keem (beef ½ Kg boon less)
2. Onion
3. tomato
4. Red chili powder
5. Green chili
6. Black pepper
7. (white floor) ½ kg
8. Baking powder half tea spoon it is batter if used yeast instead of baking powder
9. Milk half tea cup
10. water
11. salt
12. Gee
1. boil the keema with onion by adding salt
2. When the keema boiled then fry it with red chili and tomato by adding oil and little bit water. When it is fried then spread black pepper and green pepper on it for taste.
3. Now take a white floor add half cup of milk and water and yeast or baking powder in it and mix them as thick as it is able to make a naan.
4. now take a 100 gram wheat and shape it into naan and now spread over keema and take another 100 gram wheat also add some gee and cover the ( keema bhari roti )
5. there are two option fry the naan or baked it in thandor
Now serve it with yogurt and chatni
Answer Question


broken-heart-2Islaam gave us detailed instructions that identify rights, responsibilities and characters of both husband and wife to build their relationship on mutual love, respect, and mercy. The following are the most important tips that lead to a successful and happy marriage.
1. Faith: Common faith binds the couple strongly. Since Islaam is a way of life, it becomes an integral part of a Muslim's life. Couples with strong faith will share the same values and the frame of reference and communicate smoothly and effectively. Faith plays an essential role in developing a loving relationship.
Couples who work on strengthening their faith, for example by performing the Prayer, reading Qur'aan, and seeking Islamic knowledge together, become closer. They love and please Allaah through loving and pleasing each other. The commitments couples make to Allaah are excellent facilitators for enhancing their family's spiritual development aswell as their commitment to Allaah and His Religion.
2. Forgiving: When the Prophet (may Allaah exalt his mention) said to his Companions (may Allaah be pleased with them), "Do you wish that Allaah should forgive you?" They said, 'Of course, O Prophet of Allaah!' He (sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam) responded, 'Then forgive each other.'
5. Openness: Marital relationship is where the partners must feel safe to speak their mind honestly with due consideration to the other's feeling, without compromising their own views. When the communication is not sincere it hinders the development of closeness and deep understanding of each other's inner self.
6. Flattering: Paving compliments and indulging in honest flattery is a very inexpensive way to win your spouse's heart. Everyone likes to be appreciated and noticed. So being scant with compliments is actually depriving one of being appreciated in return.
8. Fallibility: When couples start to demand the impossible they must remind themselves that only Allaah (the Glorious and Lofty) is Perfect.
More articles in As a Wife:
- Entire Category -


I saw the phrase "Call for sb's head on a plate" in the following sentence of The New Yorker magazine's article (January 20) titled "Newt and His Wives," reporting that Gingrich was in a furor when asked by the moderator, John King, about his second and third wives during the presidential debate in South Carolina in January 19th night.
I can easily guess that 'call for sb's head on a plate' means "call for sb's resignation' here. But I can't find the heading of either "call for a head on a plate," or "a head on a plate" in any of the Oxford, Cambridge, or Merriam-Webster online dictionaries.
On the other hand, GoogleNGram registers "head on a plate," and it indicates that the phrase existed from around mid 1800, but the usage started to be prominent since circ 1930.
Is "call for sb's head on a plate," which sounds pretty raw to me, a popular phrase? I wonder if it's associated with the biblical episode of Salome, Herod's daughter who demanded the head of John the Baptist after dancing in front of her father in a feast. What is the origin of this phrase?
Your speculation is correct. The phrase is from the Bible story of the beheading of John the Baptist by Herod in Matthew 14:
(According to this site, Salome is an opera by Richard Strauss, and was based on a play written by Oscar Wilde about the death of John the Baptist. The daughter of Herodias is not named in the Bible; information about her comes from the historian Flavius Josephus, who apparently named her.)
Asking for the head of one's enemy to be presented on a platter has become a phrase denoting a desire for revenge on an enemy.
An Ngram of head on a plate vs head on a platter shows the latter phrase to be much more prevalent. As for either form being a popular idiom, because of its biblical origin, it's a phrase that many people in the US (and perhaps other English-speaking countries) would have no trouble understanding.
 - It is still understandable when translated verbatim to other languages since it is a biblical term. Danish: Hans hoved på et fad Dutch: Zijn hoofd op een schaal - seems important to bring it on the equivalent of a platter ;) etc – mplungjan Jan 21 '12 at 7:50
 - 1
 _USER_ The King James version translates Mt 14:8 as "Give me here John Baptist's head in a charger" which is quite an amusing image. – Gnawme Jan 21 '12 at 19:14
 - 1
 Oxford English Dictionary: charger "1. A large plate or flat dish for carrying a large joint of meat; a platter." – GEdgar Jan 22 '12 at 18:24
 - Brings to mind the head of Frankenstein's monster's head hooked up to a mobile phone charger... – mplungjan Jan 22 '12 at 19:25
 - _USER_ Oh, I looked up the term long ago; but when you first read the phrase, you think, "What?" – Gnawme Jan 22 '12 at 20:39
It is a common usage - from the biblical reference that _USER_ mentioned - and usually means that a person is not going to take revenge themselves, but feels that others should deal with this person. It is often used to say "this person has clearly broken xxx rules, so yyy should probably act"
In the case highlighted, it was used to indicate that Newt was expecting Clinton to be impeached and brought down. It has an implication of wanting to see someone destroyed, while not intending to actually do anything illegitimate to make it happen.
The Salome episode, if not the origin of the phrase, certainly "popularized" it. In its original context, it referred to the "execution" (beheading) of John the Baptist, her mother's enemy.
In the Clinton context, it refers to a figurative "beheading." Often, if a king was "brought down" (from power), he was also beheaded (e.g. Charles I or Louis XVI). In this case, it was a call for Clinton to be kicked out of the Presidency (i.e. impeached). The "beheading" part has never been part of the American tradition.
Your Answer


How A Lawyer Can Help After A Child Drowns In A Neighbor's Pool
Did your child drown in a neighbor's in-ground swimming pool due to a drain not being properly covered? If you have asked your neighbor for financial assistance with the situation and he or she refuses, you can get assistance from a personal injury lawyer. Take a look at this article to find out about the services that a lawyer can provide to help you receive justice for your deceased child.
1. Listen to Your Story
The first step to resolving your dispute is to explain to a lawyer what happened on the day of your child's drowning. Don't leave out any details that might be held against you by the defendant's lawyer if the case has to go to court. For instance, if your child was playing with the drain and removed the cover, you must tell your lawyer so a proper defense can be built.
2. Get Evidence to Prove Your Case
Your lawyer will gather evidence from the police station that details what happened on the day of the incident. For instance, the evidence will likely include photos of the drain and the condition of the cover. You will be asked to provide any medical bills that you may have that stemmed from the incident. Proof of your child's funeral expenses must be handed over to your lawyer, as well as for lost wages and counseling sessions. If other people were swimming in the pool, they may be questioned by your lawyer and asked to be witnesses if it becomes necessary.
3. Contact the Home Insurance Company
Your lawyer will find out if your neighbor has home insurance coverage so a file can be claimed on your behalf. The lawyer will talk to the insurance company about your evidence and how much money you should receive. If the insurance company does not want to pay the full amount of money that you are asking for, the matter can be taken to court. The case might also go to court if your neighbor's insurance policy will only cover up to a certain amount, which means you can possibly receive money from the insurance company and through a lawsuit.
4. File a Petition in Court
If court becomes necessary, your lawyer will file a petition that details what you are asking the other party to pay. Your lawyer will then present all of your evidence to a judge to prove that you deserve what you are asking for. Speak to a personal injury lawyer, such as the Erickson Law Office, about your complaint as soon as you are able to.


text:
Speaker-Dependent Speech Recognition Based on Phone-Like Units Models --- Application to Voice Dialing
This paper presents a speaker dependent speech recognition with application to voice dialing. This work has been developed under the constraints imposed by voice dialing applications, i.e., low memory requirements and limited training material. Two methods for producing speaker dependent word baseforms based on Phone Like Units (PLU) are presented and compared: (1) a classical vector quantizer is used to divide the space into regions associated with PLUs; (2) a speaker independent hybrid HMM/MLP recognizer is used to generate speaker dependent PLU based models. This work shows that very low error rates can be achieved even with very simple systems, namely a DTW-based recognizer. However, best results are achieved when using the hybrid HMM/MLP system to generate the word baseforms. Finally, a realtime demonstration simulating voice dialing functions and including keyword spotting and rejection capabilities has been set up and can be tested online.
Record created on 2006-03-10, modified on 2016-08-08


Reg Exp
Web Design
Notes Client
Checking For Global Variables
With all the reusable JavaScript code that we write, there comes some times when we have to rely on the developer using the reusable code to set up some global JavaScript variables that the code reads to determine settings. For example, there may be a time when you want to automatically generate a table and use that in several different web sites. But the table may have alternate row colors, and the values for those colors need to be set in global JavaScript variables that are read by the reusable code.
However, we have found that sometimes developers don't read the documentation on how to set up a reusable piece of code, and will omit the global JavaScript variable. So when that reusable code is executed, an error message happens because the variable has not been defined.
To get around this, we have gotten in the habit of checking to see if a variable has been defined. This is actually pretty easy to do in JavaScript, but it's not something you would normally think of. The first thing we tried was:
if (globalVariable) {
But this wouldn't work. That code is actually checking to see if the defined variable globalVariable has a null value. If the variable has not been defined, that code will cause an error.
Instead, here is the code that will check for the presence of a global variable:
if (window.globalVariable) {
A global variable automatically becomes a part of the window object. So checking to see if the window object has that "property" means checking to see if the variable has been defined or not. Going into the if block means the variable has been defined and can be used as you would normally use a global variable.


text:
How many times have you wanted to just walk into a bingo hall and yell "bingo"? The Cultural Center allows you to do that — when you play and win bingo.
Bingo started at the Cultural Center of Charlotte County when the center moved to its current location in 1968. A volunteer at the time suggested bingo and ran the game in one of the classrooms. It was such a great idea that the first bingo game was played 24 hours later with a group of 10 people. Over the weeks the game grew large enough to occupy the biggest classroom, and additional sessions had to be added.
You are currently not logged in
By logging in you can see the full story.


Did you know?
What happens next?
Macmillan will add your word within the next seven days.
If it doesn't appear, maybe it's because:
 - it is already in the Open Dictionary or Macmillan Dictionary. Check through the entries to make sure your word is not already there.
 - we couldn't find any independent evidence for your word being in common use. This is important, and it means you can't make a word up in order to enter it, and it can't be a word used exclusively by you and your inner circle.
We reserve the right not to publish submissions that may cause widespread offence.
back to submission form


How to remove string character using index in Dart
Introduction :
Sometimes we need to remove one character from a string using its index. The string is immutable. We can't modify it. The only way is to create one different new string from the old one.
In this post, I will show you how to remove one character from a string using its index in dart.
How to solve it :
To solve this problem, we will create two substrings from the original string. One from index 0 to just before the character that we are removing and another from the character just after the character that we are removing. We will join these two substrings to get the final required string.
For example, if our string is Helllo and if we want to remove the character at index 2, we will join two substrings: the first one from index 0 to 1 and the second one from index 3 to the end.
substring method :
Generating a substring from a string is easy. Dart provides one method called substring that returns one substring from a string. This method is defined as below :
substring(startIndex, [endIndex])
Here, startIndex is the starting index of the string that we will get the substring from. endIndex is optional. If we don't provide it, it will take the substring to the end of the given string.
Below is the final program :
void main() {
 String givenStr = 'Helllo';
 int i = 4;
 String finalStr = givenStr.substring(0, i) + givenStr.substring(i + 1);
It will print the below output :
Similar tutorials :
Where is the color and why codevscolor?


Carrello 0
Automation for Gates
What is gate automation?
Gate automation is a system that helps you to open and close your gate with ease and comfort, using a remote control and while remaining in the car. On Windowo you can find the kits to transform a traditional gate into an automatic gate.
The advantages of gate automatisms
What are the advantages and advantages of these gate automations? Here is a short list:
 - Gate automation is convenient : you can open the gate while being indoors, perhaps in rain or storm;
 - The automation for gates is safe : the gate stops when someone or something passes in front of the photocells;
 - There are automatic systems for every situation : for example for the home, condominium, or for companies, because the use of the gate is different;
 - The pieces are modular : if something breaks, you don't need to change the whole system. On Windowo you can find replacement accessories at discounted prices.
How does the gate automation work?
Let's take an example. Let's pretend you're in the car and it's raining...
 1. To open the gate, use a remote control (this is the most common method).
 2. When you press, a warning signal is sent to the control unit which communicates with the gate. The control unit is in fact the heart of the gate automation. Without that nothing can work.
 3. The control unit then tells the motor to open the gate, and this finally opens. It seems that the operation took a long time but, in reality, all these steps are very fast.
In summary: how is an automation system for gates made?
automation for gates online sale
Above you can see the example of an automatic swing gate.
The system for opening a gate is made up of a few but very important accessories that must work together and that cannot be missing in an automation system for gates. The main ones for sale online on Windowo are:
 - Engine
 - Electric unit
 - Sensors
 - Photocells
The motor for gates
The gate motor is directly proportional to the size of the gate. It can therefore be:
 - Single motor for small and light gates
 - Double motor for large and heavy gates
If we are talking about a house where aesthetics are important, you can use an underground gate motor. In fact, this is an excellent gate automation system that respects the external appearance.
Photocells for gates
Gate photocells are as small as they are important. They are in fact the eyes of a gate, that is, they see when a person, an animal or an object is passing in front of the gate. If the gate is closing, the photocells send a signal to the control unit which will block the motor.
Photocells are crucial for safety, which we had already seen among the advantages of gate automation. To work, 2 photocells are needed.
The electric control unit for gates
The control unit for gates is the heart of a gate automation kit. The control unit is the brain that receives the signal from the remote control and also from the photocells. The brain then tells the motor to open, close or lock the gate.
How many gate automations are there?
There are various types and can be chosen according to the building and use.
1. According to the type of opening
 - Gate automation with remote control : this is the most convenient and popular way to open an automatic gate;
 - Gate automation with key : to be inserted in the lock.
2. According to the type of building
 - Automation for house gates : it is small, light and is opened a few times a day;
 - Automation for condominium gate : it is heavier and is opened several times a day;
 - Automation for company gates : it is the largest and heaviest type, and is opened very often.
3. According to the type of gate
 - Swing gate automation : these are gates that open with 1 or 2 leaves, around a pin. They are comfortable when there is little space, or for houses or condominiums;
 - Sliding gate automation : these are gates that open by sliding on a rail. The advantage is that they can be much longer, so they are suitable for companies, parking lots and very large entrances.
Gate automatisms for sale online
Windowo is the shop specializing in the online sale of automation systems for gates, assembly kits and accessories to replace. You can find the best Italian brands, including Aprimatic. Now that you know everything about automatic gates, you just have to choose among the many products on sale.
© Windowo All rights reserved - VAT: 02324570221 Sito Ecommerce by


text:
Each of these poems is based on the theme of trains travelling across the landscape to their destination.
The time and setting of a poem is very important to the reader. Each of these poems was written in a different century and country.
Night Mail was written by a man, in the 1940s, set in England. In Night Mail, the train is travelling from England to all around Scotland in the middle of the night. The train is delivering letters to Scotland.
The Train's author is a woman, and the poem is set in Wild West America during the 1800s. The train in Dickinson's poem would have been an 'Iron Horse' train, a very large American train, which carries coal and cargo across the west.
The length of the poems differs. Night Mail is very lengthily and is in keeping with the fact that its journey was very long and tedious.
The first thing that most people notice about a poem is its rhythm and rhyme. Night Mail has a fast and regular rhythm, and is written in rhyming couplets. The Train uses a fast but irregular rhythm, and consecutive rhyming is used in each stanza. Each poem has a fast rhythm. This helps us to imagine the speeding train quickly racing across the railway lines.
"And stop to feed itself at tanks".
Dickinson writes as if she is in amazement with the train. She makes it sound like the train is totally independent and can do everything itself without any human interference.
Auden, however, does not become so amazed when describing the night train, but still talks of its determination of travelling to its destination.
"Sheep dogs cannot turn her course".
Auden also suggests reliability.
"The gradient's against her but she's on time" From the previous passage...


Why is Mixer A More Expensive than Mixer B?
Why and When to Use a Stereo Mic on a Camera
A typical human being sees the world through two eyes, smells the world through two nostrils, and hears the world through two ears. Why we only have one mouth is a mystery, but it likely has something to do with noise pollution. Since we hear the world through two separate ears, recording audio in stereo for video work seems like a natural choice, but it isn't always the best choice. Even so, there are many situations where using a stereo mic on a camera yields really nice results. In this article I'll tell you about the times when you should use a stereo mic on a video camera, and make it clear when you should use a different kind of microphone. Plus I'll share some mission critical tips for getting good sound when shooting outdoors.
Subscribe to RSS - Azden


text:
The Pack contains associated resources for the learning experience, typically in the form of articles and videos. There is a teacher Pack (with only teacher information) and a student Pack (which contains only student information). As a teacher, you can toggle between both to see everything.
Here are the teacher pack items for Plains Indians Way of Life:
Overview Note that the student pack includes a link to a set of interactive games, Tracking the Buffalo, for learning more about the Plains Indians. If time permits, have students explore this site. Objectives:
OverviewIn this experience, students learn about the Plains Indians and their way of life. Then, they learn about the importance of the American bison to the Plains tribes and how the near extinction of the buffalo affected them. Finally, students select a Plains Indian tribe for further research.
Note that the student pack includes a link to a set of interactive games, Tracking the Buffalo, for learning more about the Plains Indians. If time permits, have students explore this site.
Long before white settlers came to America, Native Americans lived on the North American continent. In the region between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains, north of Texas and in southern Canada, the Plains Indians made their home.
Based on what you know about the geography of the midwestern states, what do you think life was like for the Plains Indians?


text:
Importing accounting: the case of Trinidad and Tobago
Abstract:In the period immediately following its achieving independence, Trinidad and Tobago switched from a pattern of importing British professional accountants to one of importing British professional qualifications. It was also in this period that the first professional accounting association appeared: that is, eighty years after such bodies emerged in Britain and her settler colonies. This paper seeks to explain why the achievement of political independence in Trinidad and Tobago (and perhaps in some other British non-settler colonies) signified a critical turning point in the development of a local accounting profession. The paper also explores how the history of importing accounting impacted on the contemporary organization of the profession in Trinidad and Tobago.
Document Type: Research Article
Publication date: 1999-03-01


Migrating databases to a new computer
Ready for a new computer and would like to migrate your Pagico data to the new computer? Here's a step-by-step tutorial on the data migration.
Backing up your Database
During this migration process, you should not lose any data. However, now is a good opportunity to make an extra copy of your database just in case.
Migrating the Database
1) Locate your database on the old computer. If you aren't sure where that is, you can launch Pagico and use the menu commands File -> Close database to return to the Welcome screen. There you can see your recent DBs and their paths.
On Mac, your database looks like a piece of paper with a letter "p" on it. On Ubuntu or Windows, your database looks like a folder with an extension name of ".pgco".
2) Copy the entire database (the.pgco folder) to your new computer, perhaps into the Documents folder or anywhere you like.
3) Install & launch Pagico on the new computer. Then use the "Open an existing database" button to open the migrated database.
4) Once you're in, you should see all your data by now. If you previously had workspaces configured for data sync, please read on the steps below to restore the data sync.
Restoring the Workspace Sync
When opening your migrated database, Pagico will notice that this database is no longer on the original computer, so it's going to prompt you this and recommend that you should disabled the workspace sync. You can enable the workspace sync feature but the sync will not work as your have a new computer ID at this point.
5) Go to the Preferences section and sign in with your Pagico ID account, then choose to resume your old identity when prompted. That should finish the connection to your workspace.
You're all set now! Once you've signed in with your Pagico ID account, Pagico will also automatically retrieve your Inbox data for you.
Have more questions? Submit a request


Getting out and about: Town centres and shops
As lockdown restrictions are lifted and people gradually find their feet with the new normal what exactly does this mean for the VI community? Whether it's accessing public transport or navigating town centres it's time to admit that, yes things are different but this by no means suggests any changes are insurmountable.
Here we take a look at what to expect when going into town centres and visiting shops;
Many local councils are implementing changes to pavement and road layouts to improve opportunities for social distancing, and because all our towns and cities vary in layout, age and pedestrianisation the adaptions made vary from street to street and town to town.
Possible adaptations are;
 - pavement areas being widened by temporarily blocking off parking bays or one lane of traffic.
 - floor markings denoting spacings and direction of travel to their pedestrian areas
 - signs on lampposts to denote direction of travel and to remind people to maintain 2m social distancing.
Now that restrictions are lifting and more shops are able to open you may be venturing out for the first time since lockdown started, some things to be aware of when visiting shops and businesses are;
 - to maintain social distancing, shops and businesses are limiting the number of people who can go in, this means there are often queues outside whilst people wait. Larger shops will have a member of staff on the door to instruct people and provide assistance such as at supermarkets. Smaller shops and businesses such as banks or post offices will probably not have a person on the door and rely on signage which will instruct how many people can be in the shop at one time.
 - places may have adapted their entrances to distance people entering from those leaving, or there may be previously unused doors used being used to distance people.
 - some shops and businesses will have one-way systems marked by arrows to control the flow of people around the premises.
 - there are now often clear Perspex barriers in place to protect the cashier at the till or counter, this may mean that card machines are in a different place.
As a VI community how can we adapt to this? Keep things simple…
If the new layout is likely to cause problems maybe there is someone in your household or if you're a lone adult, a support household that you can bubble with who could accompany as necessary for as many trips as required to learn the new geography.
Alternatively, if you have no option but to travel alone be sure to use your preferred mobility aid whether that be a guide dog or a cane. This had the double advantage of protecting you from hazards but also tells Joe Public you have a sight issue that would make social distancing/directional travel difficult.
Lastly, ASK! If you are unsure about a new layout on the roads or in a shop, ask someone to explain what the layout is and they should help, these new changes ca be confusing for all of us and we are all learning new ways of navigating town centres and shops.
Here's what Chris our Sustainability manager says after a recent visit to Huddersfield Town Centre;
'Just a quick note about Huddersfield town centre. There are extra barriers up on New Street and Market Street to extend the pavements so people can socially distance. Also, there are arrows on the paving stones along New Street asking people to use it as a one-way system. Obviously Kirklees highways have not considered people with sight loss in their plans. We are highlighting this here to alert you as things may be different when you go into the town centre. Dewsbury or Batley will have made similar changes, so it might be worth checking before you travel.'
This article describes some of the changes put into place in Huddersfield and Dewsbury Town Centre's.
We will keep you updated as any changes come into place that may affect the VI community.


text: Preparation of novel separation membranes can be done very efficiently with controlled surface functionalization. Photo-initiated surface-selective graft copolymerization was performed using a recently developed entrapping method for the photo-initiator benzophenone (BP), and weak cation-exchange polymer brush structures on polypropylene membrane pore surfaces were obtained using acrylic acid (AA) as functional monomer. Effect of entrapping time, photo-initiator concentration, monomer concentration and UV irradiation time on membrane degree of grafting was investigated for optimization. The optimized method was obtained with 1 wt% BP, 60 min entrapping time, 15 min UV irradiation time. Copolymerization of AA with "diluent" monomer acrylamide (AAm) and "cross-linker" monomer methylene bisacrylamide (MBAA) were done with optimized method for variations of the grafted layer. Membrane morphology and pore distribution was investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and permporometry analyses. Graft copolymer composition analysis had been performed using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. Performance characterizations had been done by measurements of membrane permeability at low and high pH as well as at different salt concentrations, by reversible binding of model proteins (Lysozyme (Lys), Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Bovine immunoglobulin (IgG)), by inadvertent pH transient under membrane chromatography conditions, by breakthrough curves for system dispersion analysis and by preliminary separation of a model protein mixture (lysozyme-cytochrome c). The SEM and permporometry show modification not significantly change the membrane morphology. The FTIR-ATR spectroscopy, permeability and inadvertent pH transient show graft copolymer are successfully grafted on the pore surface. Reversible binding of model protein, breakthrough curve and protein separation measurements reveal the graft copolymer structures have dominant influence on membrane adsorber performance. The most important result of this study is that chemical cross-linking within grafted layers with about the same amount of functional groups than those from linear grafted polymer leads to a significant improvement of porous adsorber performance because the protein separation factor and resolution is higher, the dynamic protein binding capacity can be increased, the membrane permeability is significantly increased and it's sensitivity to changes in eluent pH and salt concentration is much decreased, and consequently the solute dispersion within the membrane is reduced as indicated by significantly sharper breakthrough curves.


Bates College GPA Calculator
Cumulative GPA: 0.00
Semester 1 GPA: 0.00
Class 1
Credits / Hours:
Class 2
Credits / Hours:
Class 3
Credits / Hours:
Class 4
Credits / Hours:
How to Use the GPA Calculator
1. Enter the letter grade and credit hours you have earned or expect to earn from from each class in a given semester
2. Click Calculate to calculate your semester GPA
3. Use + Semester to add all additional semesters and calculate your cumulative GPA
In the field labeled Grade, enter the letter grade that you have earned or expect to earn from a given class (e.g. A+, A, A-, B+, etc.).
Enter the total number of credit hours that your class is worth in the Credits/Hours field. A typical class is 3 credit hours, but there are a lot of variations. If you aren't sure how many credit hours your class is worth, check the course syllabus or your school's course catalog.
What is the difference between semester and cumulative GPA?
Your semester GPA is the grade point average that you earned for a single semester, so it is the numerical weighted average of your class grades. Your cumulative grade point average is the numerical weighted average of the grades you've earned over your entire college career.
How are grade points measured?
Grade points are calculated using your letter grade on a conversion scale. For instance, at most schools an A+ grade equals 4.0 grade points while a B- grade equals 2.7 grade points. The weighted average of these numbers gives us your GPA.
Bates GPA Calculator
Calculate your Bates grade point average (GPA) using our Bates College GPA calculator and stay on top of your college grades. Simply enter in the grades you have received for each Bates course you have taken and the respective number of credit hours and the Bates College GPA calculator will calculate your cumulative GPA. It takes just a few seconds, so go ahead and calculate your Bates grade point average today!
Back to Top
Log In
Contact Us
Upload An Image
Please select an image to upload
Provide URL where image can be downloaded
By clicking this button,
you agree to the terms of use
Image not available.
Add a Photo
Please select a photo to upload


text:
The Antari from Antares
By Alloya Huckfield
This book is a sharing of my experience of working with 11th dimensional beings called the Antari who come from the star collective Antares. It is a Light Body manual containing information about the various layers of the Auric Field or Plasma Sheath from their lofty perspective. It describes in detail the various layers and their functions.
The Antari describe the mechanism of the conversion of energy into Light via several different light devices within the Kether (outer layer) of the Auric Field.
The Antari are on a mission to assist us in transforming our energy body to be able to accept high vibrational star codes from higher dimensions. Within this book it is hoped that a glimpse into the workings of the Light body is achieved.


text:
New research showing that people who would have got hip or knee surgery six years ago wouldn't get it now reveals how broken our health system is, says Labour's Health Spokesperson Annette King.
"The New Zealand Medical Journal article reveals people in Otago aren't receiving surgery when they need it and they're becoming more disabled by the time they get treatment, if they get treatment at all.
"This follows up earlier research which showed 36 percent of patients recommended for surgery were sent back to their GP without surgery because of a lack of funding.
"Academics are unravelling the spin on National's elective surgery figures and its time the Minister told the truth and admitted the numbers of orthopaedic surgeries are not actually meeting demand.
"It's not a surprise that people are not getting the help required given that this Government has cut $1.7 billion from the health budget over six years.
"It is actually cost effective to give people orthopaedic surgery when they need it instead of making them wait.
"Under Labour there was ring-fenced funding for hip and knee surgery from 2004 – 2008 which led to an increase in the number of performed surgeries. This was so successful the Minister uses Labour's 2008 figures in National's elective numbers.
"It's time the Government significantly increased the health budget and stopped the rationing of hip and knee surgeries, says Annette King.


text:
Big Harp Little Harp Sign
The first known serial killers in American history were the Harp boys. During the years of the Revolutionary War, the two cousins went on an indiscriminate killing rampage, killing anyone who got in their way. They killed infants, including their own, children, women and numerous men. They killed for the sake of killing.
by Doris Lane
Harp's Hill is near the Pond River in western Muhlenberg County, Ky., not far from Highway 62. There is a crossing in the road near Dixon named Harp's Head and one of the crossing roads is named Harp's Head Road. Some miles away, the precise location lost to time, there is a cave known as Harp's House. To tell how these places earned their names is to tell the story of Micajah (Big) and Wiley (Little) Harp, America's first known serial killers.
They passed for brothers, but were cousins, sons of brothers John and William Harpe, Scottish immigrants to Orange County, N.C. The boys were named William (Micajah/Big), son of John, and Joshua (Wiley/Little), son of William. Big Harp and Little Harp left home as young men in 1775, aiming to become overseers of slaves in Virginia. Career plans diverted by the American Revolution, the Harps instead became Tory outlaws in a gang that roved the North Carolina countryside, raping farmers' daughters, pillaging livestock and crops, and burning farmhouses. In the attempted kidnapping of one young girl by a Tory rape gang, Little Harp was shot and wounded by local Patriot Captain James Wood.