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Background for the curious reader:
An ordinal $\beta$ is a transitive set in the sense that $\alpha\in\beta$ implies $\alpha\subset\beta$. Any ordinal is naturally well-ordered under $\in$ (so any subset of it has a least element), and any well-order is isomorphic to an ordinal. In fact, any class (naively, collection) of ordinals is itself well-ordered under the relation $\in$. This fact allows for the usage of transfinite induction and transfinite recursion.
We have three types of ordinals: the empty set $0=\emptyset=\{\}$, successor ordinals $S(\alpha)=\alpha\cup\{\alpha\}$ where $\alpha$ is an ordinal, and limit ordinals, which are all the other ones. Finite ordinals are either $0$ or successors, the set $\omega=\{0,1,2,\dots\}$ is a limit ordinal. A limit ordinal $\alpha$ has the property that $\alpha=\sup_{\beta<\alpha}\{\beta\}=\bigcup_{\beta<\alpha}\beta$.
My question
Ordinal arithmetic can be defined recursively as follows:
 1. $\alpha+0=\alpha$, $\alpha+S(\beta)=S(\alpha+\beta)$, $\alpha+\sup_{\gamma<\beta}\{\gamma\}=\sup_{\gamma<\beta}\{\alpha+\gamma\}$;
 2. $\alpha\cdot0=\alpha$, $\alpha\cdot S(\beta)=\alpha\cdot\beta+\alpha$, $\alpha\cdot\sup_{\gamma<\beta}\{\gamma\}=\sup_{\gamma<\beta}\{\alpha\cdot\gamma\}$;
 3. $\alpha^0=1$, $\alpha^{S(\beta)}=\alpha^\beta\cdot\alpha$, $\alpha^{\sup_{\gamma<\beta}\{\gamma\}}=\sup_{\gamma<\beta}\{\alpha^\gamma\}$.
Alternatively, one can define:
 1. $\alpha+\beta$ is the unique ordinal isomorphic to the disjoint union $\{0\}\times\alpha\cup\{1\}\times\beta$ given the lexicographic order.
 2. $\alpha\cdot\beta$ is the unique ordinal isomorphic to the Cartesian product $\beta\times\alpha$ given the lexicographic order.
As the disjoint union and Cartesian product are simply the categorical coproduct and the categorical product, I wonder if there is some way to actually categorify these alternate definitions. Additionally, I am not aware of any non-recursive version of exponentiation, so I would be curious if a categorical formulation of addition and product of ordinals also allows for a categorical (hence non-recursive) formulation of exponentiation.
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What do you mean exactly by categorifying these definitions? What are you looking for? – Martin Brandenburg May 5 '13 at 10:58
I want the sum, product, and exponential to be objects in some category that includes all the ordinals, and which satisfy some universal properties in some category. The question is which category and which properties? – Vladimir Sotirov May 8 '13 at 20:15
Vladimir, just a thought: if we view ordinals as being elements of the skeleton category of totally ordered sets, perhaps coproducts of ordinals coincide with the usual ordinal sum. I could be wrong, though. Good question, by the way. – goblin Jul 1 '13 at 14:04
2 Answers 2
We can define $\alpha^\beta$ to be the order type of the set of functions from $\beta$ to $\alpha$ of finite support (finitely many non-$0$ function values), ordered in reverse lexicographic order--that is, if $f,g:\beta\to\alpha$ have finite support and are distinct functions, and if $\xi$ is the greatest ordinal in $\beta$ for which $f(\xi)\neq g(\xi)$, then we say $f


text:
"The earliest evidence of humans along Turnagain Arm is at Beluga Point, which prehistoric hunters used as a view point to search for Beluga whales and sheep. The first white explorers arrived in 1778 aboard Captain Cook's ships, Discovery and Resolution. Cook sailed up Cook Inlet hoping to find the Northwest Passage, but had to "turn again", leading him to name the water body River Turnagain. In the late 19th century, miners and trappers began traveling into interior Alaska from Whittier and Seward along old trails that soon became established routes with roadhouses. In 1895 prospectors crossed from the south side of Turnagain Arm to the north and searched for gold from Girdwood to Rainbow Creek.
In 1903, the Alaska Central Railway began building a railroad from Seward to Fairbanks, but the company soon went bankrupt. The U.S. Government bought the railroad in 1915 and improved the trail along the arm to handle the horse and wagon traffic needed for railroad construction. The trail was also used to deliver mail between Anchorage and Seward. IN 1917 telegraph lines were laid along the Turnagain "road" and by 1918 the railroad extended from Seward to Anchorage, with flag stops at Bird Creek, Indian, Rainbow and Potter. Remnants of construction camps remain along the trail, but are barely discernible. Part of the original trail was covered by the highway which was completed in 1950 and paved in 1954."

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
In our previous blog, we introduced Service Desk Data Diagnosis, our take on building solid ServiceNow ITSM business cases to make work flow at your service desk. By analyzing data structures and quality from your existing systems, hidden patterns and opportunities come to surface that you can use to improve productivity and reduce costs. After analyzing thousands of incidents across service desks, our data experts have identified three problem areas—the hidden gems—and their solutions. These can really help you mature your service desk operations.
Service desk incident prioritization is traditionally done through assigning a ticket a low, medium, or high These prioritizations are typically also linked to SLA assignment, with resolve time expectations linked to the assigned priority. The system is relatively simple and clear in its intent, but it does not meet expectations when exposed to the complexities of active service desk environments. Data analysis performed on real-world service desk data sets has shown us that the vast majority—often over 90%—of incidents are medium priority. This has two causes. First, the medium priority is used as a catch-all category, covering a way too wide spectrum of topics and situations to properly reflect the connection between priority and SLA. It does not tell you whether an incident leans more towards medium-low or medium-high. This lack of detailed information actually leads to our second cause, as this translates to the service desk agents. A vague and unintuitive prioritization system causes agents to pick a default priority, in this case medium, for the majority of incidents. Low and High priorities are only used for outliers.
Solution: Implement an impact/urgency priority matrix
In order to properly document how each incident priority relates to other incidents, service desks should move towards implementing impact/urgency matrixes. These are provided out-of-the-box by ServiceNow and work with a more granular prioritization, including clear arguments for why a ticket is assigned a certain priority. This system gives service desk agents the opportunity to provide more information relevant to prioritization without being required to make SLA decisions.
Every service desk works with incident categories and sub-categories. These categories are intended to group similar incidents in clear, understandable categories. However, especially as the number and granularity of categories increases, separation and differentiation between categories fades. How do companies find the correct balance between granularity and clarity? Data analysis has shown that companies often suffer from having many categories that are barely used, as well as having clusters of very similar categories. The inflation of categories leads to higher onboarding costs and more complex knowledge management as intuitiveness of category selection decreases.
Solution: Introduce incident clustering & category prediction
The practice of manually defining categories and subcategories based on expert opinions often leads to the problems described above. A wealth of service desk data available at your fingertips offers opportunities to standardize incident assignment across departments. This will save time and resources as well as increase data quality and service consistency. Included in Service Desk Data Diagnosis (SDD) is an incident similarity analysis. This will cluster tickets by similarity to facilitate problem identification and possible resolution. A similarity analysis also provides insights into categorization quality and is used to correctly assign incidents to categories based on similarity. These data quality improvements set your service desk up for success, as they will enjoy better ticket categorization through ServiceNow's Predictive Intelligence that predicts the assigned ticket category based on the categorization improvements from the SDD.
Free text fields for incidents allow service desk agents to provide ticket-specific information that cannot easily be captured in categorical or numerical columns. However, the freedom inherent in these text columns also causes data quality to quickly deteriorate once agents are forced to use these fields to capture structured information that is better suited for targeted text fields. This phenomenon is often found in ITSM systems that provide only a few options for customizing displayed fields to match defined workflows, leading to so-called 'phantom fields'. These phantom fields are often part of scripts defined by management to aid agents in resolving tickets in a standardized manner where the existing system fails to do so. The inclusion of phantom fields adds unwanted noise to each incident and adds complexity in resolving these incidents.
Solution: Configure your ServiceNow instance to match your processes
When providing text fields to service desk agents, making these fields as narrowly defined as possible is the key to ensure consistency and clarity. Most Service Management systems, however, feature a limited collection of available columns that are standardized across customers. ServiceNow, however, is different. Adapting a dedicated instance to your organization's Service Management processes allows the system to work for your agents, instead of your agents exerting effort to work with the system they're given. A closer match between process and system removes the need for phantom columns and increases efficiency.
Taking advantage of the opportunities provided by analyzing existing data before investing in a ServiceNow implementation will lead to significant cost savings. Plus, it will set a strong foundation for your implementation. So, don't wait any longer and let us help you uncover the hidden gems in your service desk data!
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IT Service Management

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Support Fabric Conservation Method.
This conservation method is used where areas of the textiles background are missing or fragile. It gives the textile stability and prevents further unraveling. After selecting and dying appropriate material, the fabric is attached to the back, and reinforced around the perimeter of the damaged area. When there are loose sections or threads of the textile, these too are secured to the patch.


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I have a blackbird nest in my wildly overgrown hedge. The babies have hatched, but how do I know if this is the blackbirds' first brood?
8 June 2007
Sent in by Julie Bush, Leeds
We do not recommend cutting or removing hedges or trees between the months of March and August.
Light pruning to neaten up a hedge from straggly shoots should not be damaging to nesting birds but the use of power tools and vigorous cutting and can be very destructive. If any work takes place it is vital to check for nesting birds before the work takes place. Nesting birds are often difficult to find even by the most observant of gardener so it is best to err on the side of caution. Certainly if you see a nest or a bird taking food into the hedge, I would leave well alone.
The best time cut a hedge is generally autumn or if it is a berry bearing species, early spring but no matter when you do it, always check first.
Blackbirds can start breeding as early as February if the weather is favourable. It is normal for a blackbird to have up to three broods in a season, this activity can go on until late summer, sometimes even into autumn. Other species like the robin, song thrush, dunnock and wren are also common hedge nesting birds among many others that may be vulnerable from hedge cutting.
It is also worth highlighting the fact that gardens that are neat and tidy are often not the best gardens for wildlife. Leaving wild patches and cutting hedges and lawns less often will be beneficial to wildlife. Gardens are vital for wildlife in built up areas as they may be the only suitable habitats for birds, insects and mammals. By leaving hedges to grow through the summer, planting wildflowers, creating a pond and a log pile it is likely your garden will become an urban oasis.
Please see the pages on the website on creating a wildlife garden.
How you can help
Do you have have a wildlife-related question you've always wanted to ask? You can use our online form to ask a question by clicking on the link below.
Ask a question


text:
Differed Tax is difference in the tax liability as per
Accounting profit and Tax liability as per Income tax Act
Differed tax araises due to timing differences of
recognition of various tax deductible transactions in both
Accounting and tax calculations.
Eg: Depreciation on Fixed Assets.
for example As per companies act one asset is eligible for
100% depreciation in the first year itself, but the case
may not be the same under sec 32 of the Income tax act it
may gives some other rate of depreciation on that
asset.lets assume it allows only 50% in the first year and
remaining in the subsequent year.
as per accounting books shows a lower profit and tax
liabiltity due to higher depreciation claimed in this year
ony compared to IT profit.
It is a clear case of Differed tax asset..... we will pay
more in this year we will carry it as a differed tax asset
in our balance sheet which is going to be offset in the
coming year...... in the short range period difference will
apprear but in long range timing difference is going to be
One more thing Differed tax will not araise due to
permanent differences between these two profits.
If you reverse the above example it will give the situation
of differed tax Liability.
A tax liability that a company owes and does not pay at
that current point, although it will be responsible for
paying it at some point in the future. This is often caused
by a difference in a company's balance sheet, due to the
differences between accounting practices and tax
regulations. Occasionally, a company will have a difference
in their taxable income and income before tax due to these
differences, resulting in a deferred tax liability.
To get into Deffered Taxes.. Lemme cleard the basis:
Book Income: Income calculated suing accounting principles
in accordance with GAAP.
Taxable Income: Income calculated in accordance with the
Government stipulated policies and procedures, that govern
Now put simply the concept of DEFFERED TAXES arises beacuse
there is a difference in the amount of tax liablity
calculated using accounting principles as VS. tax
liablities using Government mandated laws.
=> Therefore the reason why DEFFERED TAXES occour is due to
temporarily timings difference between book value and
Example: A company uses Straight-Line Method of
depreciation for its accounting records. But the law allow
an accelerated depreciation method of writing of an assets.
The company takes advantage of this due to favourable tax
treatment in as much as it's able to report lower income
and hence pay lower taxes.


Massive Animal Feces
From ARK: Survival Evolved Wiki
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Massive Animal Feces
Massive Animal Feces.png
Everyone Poops. Can provide nitrogen to help crops grow in their plots. Would be more efficient fertilizer if combined with thatch in Compost Bin.
Type Feces
Nitrogen 35000
Excreted by Titanosaur
Consumable (values pertain to Humans)
Food 1
Health -350
Spoils in 2h 47m
Weight 35.0
Stack Size 1
Decomposes in 1m
Spawn Command
cheat giveitem "Blueprint'/Game/PrimalEarth/CoreBlueprints/Items/Consumables/PrimalItemConsumable_DinoPoopMassive.PrimalItemConsumable_DinoPoopMassive'" 1 0 0
Massive Animal Feces are the special excrements currently only produced by Titanosaur in ARK: Survival Evolved. From time to time, they automatically drop from these creatures. If you eat this you will probably die.
Usage[edit | edit source]
Massive Animal Feces can be used as fertilizer and add 35,000 points to fertilization when they are put in the inventory of a Crop Plot.
They can be combined with Thatch in a Compost Bin to produce Fertilizer.
However, it is the only Feces which is partially not worth doing it, it would be better to directly insert them into Crop Plots, as a Fertilizer has less fertilization points (54,000) than 2 or 3 Massive Animal Feces separated (70,000 or 105,000). Therefore, it would be more efficient to combine any other animal feces with thatch to produce fertilizers. The only way it could be somewhat efficient to combine it into fertilizer is if one would use a single Massive animal Feces with 2 other smaller variants. (Excluding two Large Animal Feces or one Large Animal Feces and one Medium Animal Feces, as the sum of their separated fertilization points would still be greater than the Fertilizer's)
Unlike the other size variations of feces, as of Patch 243.2, Massive Animal Feces cannot be used for taming Dung Beetles. However, they can be converted by the Dung Beetles, given a high enough weight stat, into 16 bags of Fertilizer and 14 Oil per feces.[1]
Fertilization Comparison[edit | edit source]
Fertilizer type Fertilizer units Fertilizes for Fertilizes full* plant for
Human Feces 1,000 10m 3h 5m
Small Animal Feces 3,500 35m 10h 48m
Medium Animal Feces 7,500 1h 15m 23h 8m
Unicorn Residue Logo Mobile.svg 7,500 1h 15m 23h 8m
Large Animal Feces 15,000 2h 30m 1d 22h 15m
Massive Animal Feces 35,000 5h 50m 4d 11h 55m
Snow Owl Pellet Extinction Icon.png 50,000 8h 20m 6d 10h 10m
Fertilizer 54,000 9h 6d 22h 30m
Bonemeal Fertilizer Primitive Plus Icon.png 90,000 15h 11d 13h 30m
List of Creatures[edit | edit source]
Notes[edit | edit source]
Gallery[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]


text:
Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
The term Norwegians may refer to:
- People with a Norwegian ancestral or ethnic identity, whether living in Norway, emigrants, or the descendents of emigrants.
- Anyone whose mother tongue is Norwegian.
- Nationals or citizens of Norway, which also includes Samic and Ethnic Finnish minorities as well as recent non-European immigrants and their descendents (see: Demographics of Norway).
This article refers to the first definition, ethnic Norwegians and their descendents.
Norwegian Population Worldwide
|Total population:||7.8 million|
|Significant populations in:||Norway: 4.5 million|
|Related Languages||Danish, Faroese, Icelandic, Swedish, and to a lesser extent, all Germanic languages|
|Religion||The vast majority of Norwegians are Lutherans.|
|Related ethnic groups||Danes, Swedes, Icelanders, Faroese, and to a lesser extent, all Germanic ethnic groups|
Norwegians in Norway
There are nearly 4.5 million ethnic Norwegians living in Norway today. The Norwegians are a Scandinavian ethnic group, and the descendents of the Norse (along with the Swedes, Danes, Icelanders and Faroese). See also History of Norway.
The Norwegians enjoy a high quality of life. In this century, the UN has ranked Norway "The world's best place to live" in its annual Human Development Index (HDI) report, which is essentially a composite of quality of life, in 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004.
Norwegians in the Rest of the World
Norwegian citizens abroad
See also: List of Norwegian citizens abroad
As with many of the people from smaller European countries, Norwegians are spread throughout the world. There are more than 100,000 Norwegian citizens are living abroad permanently, mostly in the USA, the UK and in the other Scandinavian countries.
United States of America
See the complete article on Norwegian-Americans
Many Norwegians immigrated to the USA between the 1850s and the 1920s. Today, the descendants of these people are known as Norwegian-Americans. According to the 2000 US Census, 3 million Americans consider Norwegian to be their sole or primary ancestry. It is estimated that as many as 3 million more are of partial Norwegian ancestry.
Norwegian-Americans represent between 2 and 3% of the white non-Hispanic population in the US. They mostly live in the Upper Midwest.
During the same time period as Norwegian immigration to the USA, some Norwegians also immigrated to Canada. According to the 2001 Canadian census, 360,000 Canadians reported Norwegian ancestry. Approximately 180,000 of these consider Norwegian to be their sole or primary ancestry, and another 180,000 are of partial Norwegian ancestry.
Norwegians represent 1.5% of the total white Canadian population.
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details


text:
SAE Standards Works
A-21 Aircraft Noise Measure Noise Aviation Emission Modeling
AIR5766 - Using Aircraft Position Data to Estimate Aircraft Thrust
Not available for purchase at this time.
Vincent E. Mestre
Using Aircraft Position Data to Estimate Aircraft Thrust
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides information and methods for using aircraft position data to estimate aircraft thrust. The thrust estimated using this AIR is intended to be used to estimate aircraft noise level and aircraft air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The method of estimating aircraft noise level using aircraft thrust is provided in AIR 1845. Aircraft noise and emissions are generally estimated using models that are based on standard sets of aircraft profiles that include aircraft thrust, speed, and altitude along the flight path. Potential uses of this AIR are to provide an experimental method of determining the adequacy of a standard profile or to develop a flight specific profile. Flight specific profiles may be used to develop or revise standard profiles or to model noise or emissions on a flight-by-flight basis. Potential users include: airport noise modelers, airport emission modelers, developers of airport noise and emission models, federal, state and local government agencies, equipment vendors and other public bodies and officials. The information included here is intended to apply to turbine powered aircraft operating at air carrier and general-aviation airports. The information and methods presented here do not apply rotorcraft or propeller driven aircraft. The primary topics addressed in this AIR include identifying sources of aircraft position data, processing aircraft position data into flight segments including data smoothing and dealing with incomplete or erroneous data, identifying flight segments of constant thrust, acquiring winds aloft data for use in computing aircraft airspeed, estimating aircraft bank angle, estimating aircraft weight when not available, and finally, using these data to estimate the aircraft thrust for each segment of constant thrust flight.
Aircraft noise and emissions are a function of aircraft thrust. Aircraft thrust is not directly known to people modeling aircraft noise or emissions. This AIR provides a method of estimating thrust from aircraft position data.
. All rights reserved.
Intellectual Property Policy
Terms & Conditions


text:
Lestari, Jetti Puji (2008) A Comparison of the social contexts in which self-referring terms of "King" and "I" are used in Anna and the King movie. Bachelor thesis, Petra Christian University.Full text not available from this repository.
This study is aimed to reveal the social contexts in which self-referring terms such as "I" and "King" used by King Mongkut in Anna and the King movie. The data were taken from the self-referring terms used by King Mongkut in the movie which was launched in 1999. King Mongkut often refers to himself with two different self-referring terms which are "King" and "I". When he refers to himself as "I" it is quite clear that he refer to himself but when he uses "King' as the self-referring term, he is talking as if about third person in fact he is referring to himself. For example, "King?s commitment to noble families must not be compromised", in this line, King Mongkut refers to himself as "King" thus it sound as if he is talking about someone else. There are some theories used in this study which are SPEAKING model by Hymes, speech function by Holmes and Coulmas? reference term. Furthermore, the method used in this study was quantitative descriptive. This study shows that the use of "King" and "I" self-referring terms are patterned. "King" is mostly used when he is talking to Anna Leonowens, inside the palace setting, directive purpose, dealing with state affairs and slavery affairs and uncomfortable tone. Meanwhile, "I" self-referring term is used contradictory, when he is outside the palace setting, expressive purpose, dealing with daily life and family and comfortable tone.
|Item Type:||Thesis (Bachelor)|
|Uncontrolled Keywords:||self referring terms, social contexts, sociolinguistics|
|Date Deposited:||23 Mar 2011 18:48|
|Last Modified:||31 Mar 2011 20:30|
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Brace Yourselves: A 163% Meat Tax Could Be Coming
By Meadow Clark
How would you like to pay a 163% meat tax every time you want a steak or a burger? What about when you want some bacon with breakfast, or when you're craving a ham sandwich?
After much talk, economists and so-called health experts have finally decided what's best for society: no steak for you!
Do you think you and your family deserve an extra tax for having a steak every now and then? Well, brace yourselves…because social taxes are what's for dinner.
Remember when smoking was the only socially engineered target of government health nannies? Then fat, then sugar, then caffeine and now even soda.
The American public has been encouraged to gorge themselves on decadent, calorie-rich food for decades. Now people are being watched with microscopes and being shamed for doing just that. Or rather, for enjoying themselves occasionally because who can even afford steaks now? After all, you are responsible for other people's healthcare costs.
It looks like the "experts" have finally figured out a way to remove your steak right out from under your forks. By inflicting yet another sin tax on the individual and making lifestyle choices more akin to the austere, Big Brother commands in pure Orwellian 1984 style.
Are you ready to get ascetic?
I didn't think so!
Why a Meat Tax?
A study published this month states:
The consumption of red and processed meat has been associated with increased mortality from chronic diseases, and as a result, it has been classified by the World Health Organization as carcinogenic (processed meat) and probably carcinogenic (red meat) to humans. One policy response is to regulate red and processed meat consumption similar to other carcinogens and foods of public health concerns. Here we describe a market-based approach of taxing red and processed meat according to its health impacts.
And, "Including the social health cost of red and processed meat consumption in the price of red and processed meat could lead to significant health and environmental benefits,…"
Based on the broad correlation that meat equals death, they calculated "optimal" tax levels to curb meat buying or rather, offset soaring healthcare costs that are caused by the Big Pharma/insurance racket.
Ryan Bourne writes,
The average household in the poorest fifth of the income distribution dedicates 1.3 percent of spending towards [meat]. That's over double average household spending in the richest quintile. Yet meat is now a new "public health" target.[…]
Did you catch that?
To put it in perspective: on meat that now costs $5 per pound, you'd pay either $6.75 or $13.15 per pound, depending on whether it was processed or not.
How would you like to pay a 163% meat tax?
In other words, rich people can keep their steaks, let others eat cake. (Does it sound like this is going to tackle real health issues?)
It seems the experts already know this. reported in September:
Eating meat is a symbol of power and status, and those who see themselves as having lower socio-economic status prefer meat, and eat more meat, due to this perception, according to new research from Monash University and the University of Technology Sydney (UTS).
The paper, published this week in the journal Appetite, found participants who rated themselves lower on socio-economic showed a stronger preference for -based foods compared to participants who rated themselves higher on a socio-economic scale.
These two reports just happened to coincide? And the poor are being punished for their unconscious desire for protein (and power apparently)?
It is unclear if these reports mean an actual law is in the works, but it's definitely a sign of things to come.
According to Alan Watt, the 1980s book The Third Wave by Alvin Toffler discloses the future agenda to move the world towards veganism, whether they want to or not.
Sin Taxes Never Work
A sin tax or a healthcare tax or a "lifestyle tax" punishes the consumer, usually for something innocuous that they enjoy. It doesn't help the economy and it doesn't help increase health. It just makes everyone miserable and poorer. It makes certain people richer and all of it royally puts the screw to hardworking people.
And let me repeat, it doesn't help the economy!
It may bring in lots of revenue for a few, but a sin tax does not help the economy because people like their little life's pleasures, especially when they've been robbed of big pleasures due to a parasitical government tanking the economy and robbing people blind.
What usually happens is people go to great lengths to get their vices. They even cross borders and send their money to other states or countries. They start making things and selling them in the black market.
Deep down, people know they are getting the shaft. They would just be paying more (punished) for something they enjoy. It's a double standard that the government should capitalize on the very behavior that they deemed immoral.
Let's not forget that there is also a lot of personal cost incurred from health problems. It's not all covered by others.
The Fat Tax That Quickly Got Lipo'ed
A perfect example of a failed sin tax was when Denmark decided to enact a "fat tax" on junk food in 2011. Chocolate, potato chips, cookies, shelf-stable pastries, and the like. It was heralded as a great plan to finally cut obesity rates and extend life.
It was a big fat flop.
Sure, it changed consumer buying habits. Most of them hopped the border and flooded Germany and Sweden with their cash and found out their goodies were cheaper there anyway. The Danish government banished the tax within one year. Smokers do the same thing with nicotine. Instead of hopping borders, they just find other ways to enjoy nicotine.
These taxes usually always fail even when industry scientists tell everyone the tax curbed a "bad behavior." What they are probably seeing is more of an economic deficit than a change of heart.
People don't respond well to being punished into their veggies. It's hard enough to "eat right" as it is. Who wants to be punished into having nothing? It doesn't make psychological sense and diets are a proven failure for similar reasons.
Another thing that happens is the behavior never stops, so the health nuts of the world pay the full brunt of healthcare costs for the ones who don't care for themselves, and then they also get taxed should they partake of the devil's food. Ineffective social costs for everyone!
What Would Be a Better Way to Increase Health in America?
There are all sorts of ways to get Americans to care more about their health and none of them include sin tax and punishment.
 - Stop punishing individuals. (It's better to reward or incentivize when it comes to forcing people anyway)
 - Stop with moral measurements.
 - Stop manipulating the market with speculations and artificial crop shortages.
 - Stop incentivizing GMOs and punishing organic farms with exorbitant fees.
 - Stop artificially driving down the costs of crap food and raising the costs of produce.
 - Stop removing access to fresh food in poor communities and help find non-forceful ways for SNAP holders to choose healthy foods.
 - Stop giving school cafeteria contracts to low-quality food companies and prepare fresh foods.
 - Bring back parity farming.
Silly Government…Taxes Are for Kids?
The government should learn by now that they cannot legislate social behavior. But, this, my friends is probably part of the bigger plan. By pricing people out of their periodic pleasure, it gets them used to the idea of not having it when the item is finally permanently removed like a blanky or a pacifier.
So actually, the meat tax itself IS part of the social engineering plan.
The greater question here is why are all the health studies, economists, and sustainability fanatics trying to get people to live off of so little? Few calories, no meat, little protein, less consumer goods, tiny spaces, cheap clothing, and don't even think of having a real hot shower! You're a total Hitler for using a straw at a restaurant because the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is all your fault and you must be socially aware at all times, even when you're trying to have fun.
Sort of sounds like Agenda 21 or Agenda 2030 psycho-babble doesn't it? You know, that plan where all the land, water, animal and crop resources will go to a few, powerful controllers? Hmmmm….
What do you think?
Are taxes on health behaviors warranted? Why or why not? What do you think of a meat tax? Sound off below!
Meadow Clark
About the Author
Meadow Clark
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text:
Not one, not two, but three female addax calves have been born at Brookfield Zoo within the last two months, and one more is expected by the end of the summer. The most recent was born this past Saturday, July 9. The other two were born on May 30 and June 1. All are doing well and can be seen with their mothers—Martha, Sara, and Mali—on exhibit in their outdoor habitat on the north side of the zoo.
The three births are a welcomed addition to the North American zoo population because the species is critically endangered in its native Africa. Brookfield Zoo has exhibited addax since 1935 and in 1941 was the first zoo in North America to have an addax birth. Since the arrival of the first breeding pair, there have been 140 addax births at Brookfield Zoo.
"We are thrilled about the addax births at Brookfield Zoo and being able to share the significance and importance of these new additions with our guests," said Amy Roberts, curator of mammals for the Chicago Zoological Society. "What is really exciting is that there is the possibility that one of the calves or their descendants may one day be introduced to the wild as part of a collaborative program."
The pairing of the three new moms with Winston, who is the sire of all three calves, was based on a recommendation by the Association of Zoo and Aquariums' Addax Species Survival Plan (SSP). The Chicago Zoological Society, which manages the zoo, has been an active participant in the Addax SSP since its inception in 1989. An SSP is a cooperative population management and conservation program for the species in North American zoos. The program manages the breeding of addax in zoos to maintain a healthy, self-sustaining population that is both genetically diverse and demographically stable. Currently, there are 159 addax in 18 accredited North American zoos.
Once widespread across North Africa, the addax has been largely driven to extinction in the wild by over-hunting since the mid-1800s as well as civil unrest. Additionally, although highly adapted to
hyper-arid conditions, addax are nonetheless impacted by long periods of severe drought. The current addax population is restricted to a narrow band of desert between eastern Niger and western Chad. Researchers estimate there to be less than 300 individuals remaining in the wild, with the last major population of around 200 in the Tin Toumma desert of eastern Niger.
However, there is hope for the species thanks to an international collaborative effort involving zoos in North America and Europe, the Tunisian government, and the Convention on Migratory Species. Brookfield Zoo is one of more than 40 zoos worldwide that has provided support for the reintroduction of zoo-born addax into fenced reserves in Tunisia.
Current efforts are focusing on securing the remaining wild populations in Niger and Chad, increasing scientific management of captive populations in Africa and elsewhere, and reintroducing individual animals to suitable, secure, and protected areas in former range states.
Addax have some of the most impressive horns of all antelope, which is one of the main reasons they have been over-hunted. In older individuals, they can spiral almost three turns and extend nearly three feet. They are one of a group of species called "horse-like antelope," which are unusual in that the females have horns as long as those of the males.
The species lives in one of the most inhospitable habitats in the world, and they are the most desert-adapted antelope. Their feet are extra-large and spread out, perfect for staying on top of loose sand. Their legs are shorter than most antelope, giving them a low center of gravity and keeping them steady—even when the sand shifts under foot. They get nearly all the moisture they need from the sap of vegetation and from dew, going almost their entire lives without drinking water at all. When vegetation is not available, they can live off the water stored in their body fat. They are nomadic, with no fixed territory, following the rains that produce the plants on which they depend.
They have a relatively heavy body with a sandy-white coat in the summer that turns grayish-brown in the winter. White markings can be found on their legs and belly, with a black tuft of hair on their forehead, under the horns.


The Hawks and the Sparrows
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The Hawks and the Sparrows
(Uccellacci e uccellini)
Directed by Pier Paolo Pasolini
Produced by Alfredo Bini
Written by Pier Paolo Pasolini
Starring Totò
Ninetto Davoli
Femi Benussi
Music by Ennio Morricone
Distributed by CIDIF
Release dates
 - 4 May 1966 (1966-05-04)
Running time
88 minutes
Country Italy
Language Italian
The Hawks and the Sparrows (Italian: Uccellacci e uccellini, literally "Ugly Birds and Little Birds") is a 1966 Italian film directed by Pier Paolo Pasolini. It was entered into the 1966 Cannes Film Festival.[1]
The movie is a post-neorealist story about Totò, the beloved stone-faced clown of Italian folk-stories.
Totò and his son Ninetto roam the neighbourhood and the countryside of Rome. During their walk they meet a talking crow, who, as seen on the intertitles, "Per chi avesse dei dubbi o si fosse distratto, ricordiamo che il Corvo è un intellettuale di sinistra – diciamo così – di prima della morte di Palmiro Togliatti" ("For the benefit of those who were not paying attention or are in doubt, we remind that the Crow is a – to so call it – left-wing intellectual of the kind of those living before Palmiro Togliatti's death").
The Crow tells them the tale of Ciccillo and Ninetto (still played by Totò and Ninetto), two Franciscan friars, who were bid by St. Francis to preach to the hawks and the sparrows. After many months, they succeeded in preaching the commandment of love unto the species separately, but were not able to get them to love each other.
After the tale, the journey of Totò and Ninetto carries on, the Crow still following them and continuously speaking in an all-too-intellectually sounding way. They meet many other people in a deeply visionary setting, among which: land-owners who order them out of their land and end up shooting at Totò and Ninetto who wouldn't obey; a family living in a slum that Totò threatens to drive them out of their house; a group of travelling actors who persuade the pair to push the group's Cadillac for them; an event, "1° convegno dei dentisti dantisti" (a wordplay, literally "1st convention of the Danteist (ie, scholar of Dante) dentists"; an engineer who is waiting for Totò to give him the money he owes him. After that, a brief extract of news footage of the funeral of Palmiro Togliatti, the long-time leader of the Italian Communist Party. Then, after having met a prostitute, they end up killing and eating the Crow, whom they found to be unconscionably boring.
Pasolini declared that Uccellacci e uccellini was his favourite film, as it was the only one that did not disappoint his expectations.
Ennio Morricone's opening theme music comically features Domenico Modugno singing the movie's credits in mock-operatic fashion, along with a few illustrative sound effects (i.e. a bird whistle for the title, laughter when Morricone's name is mentioned).
Art historian David Gariff notes that the composition of some of the scenes is visually similar to famous Italian paintings.[2] The beauty of Ninetto Davoli is also shown with similar facial expression and lighting to angelic depictions.[2]
 1. ^ "Festival de Cannes: The Hawks and the Sparrows". Retrieved 2009-03-08.
 2. ^ a b "From Giotto to Pasolini: Narrative in Fresco and Film, Illustrated discussion by David Gariff". National Gallery of Art. 15 Dec 2012, 4pm, East Building Auditorium. Check date values in: |date= (help)
External links[edit]


Suspending and Resuming Service (End User)
When you create a suspend order, you stop service. The customer is still the owner of the service, but no service is being delivered. When you create a resume order, you recommence a service that has been suspended.
You may use suspend and resume orders for a number of reasons:
 - Customers who are going on vacation may want to suspend their newspaper delivery service while they are away.
 - A chain store may have one branch in a remote location that closes for the winter, so it wants to suspend both its phone and internet service to that site for the winter.
 - A phone company may have a policy saying that, if customers have not paid their bills for three months and do not respond to calls from collection agents, the phone company suspends their service. The phone company resumes service after the bills are paid.
 - Customers may report that they have lost their cell phones, and the phone company suspends service to prevent fraud. When the phones are found, the company resumes the service.
To enter a suspend order
 1. Navigate to the Accounts view of the Accounts screen.
 2. In the Accounts list, click the name of the customer who has the service.
 3. Click the Installed Assets view tab.
 4. If necessary, do a query to find the assets to be suspended.
 For example, if you want to suspend service to a site, query on the Point of Service field to find all assets for that site.
 5. In the Installed Assets list, select one or more services with the status of Active.
 6. Click Suspend.
To enter a resume order
 1. Navigate to the Installed Assets view.
 2. In the Installed Assets list, select a service that has the status of Suspended.
 3. Click Resume.


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A pie graph is the best way to show portions, or parts of a whole. You're starting to pick up some real science smarts!
Pie graphs represent data in a visual, easy to read manner, which helps us to understand data more clearly.
Using this pie graph, we can see just what portion of all the trash each particular type of trash represents
(how big of a piece of cake each type of trash "eats"). It's as simple as that!
Even though graphs can look simple, there's a lot of information in a graph.
Let's test your ability to read
Q1: What type
of trash makes up the biggest portion of trash? (Hint: look
at the biggest piece of pie and then match its color with the type of trash
found in the legend on the right.)
Q2: Can we say
what makes up the heaviest piece of trash from the graph?
Yes: - cigarettes
No: - not enough information provided
Back to Graph Types Overview


text:
What does the Bible say about Christians getting tattoos?
A tattoo is a permanent marking made by inserting ink into the layers of skin to change the pigment for decorative or other reasons. Tattooing is a tradition among indigenous peoples around the world. The symbolism and impact of tattoos varies in different places and cultures.
The only specific mention of tattoos in the Bible is a command given to the Jews in about 1450 BC when they were travelling from Egypt to Canaan: "Do not cut your bodies for the dead or put tattoo marks on yourselves" (Lev. 19:28 TNIV). According to Scripture, Christians are not under Old Testament Law. When Christ fulfilled the Law by paying the death penalty for sin (Mt. 5:17; Rom. 10:4), the Old Testament Law was set aside as obsolete (Eph. 2:15; Heb. 7:18; 8:13), and believers are not under it, but under God's grace (Rom. 6:14; Gal. 3:23-25). However, when specific laws are interpreted in light of their context and the New Testament, useful principles may be derived from them (1 Cor. 10:6-11; 2 Tim. 3:15-17).
The context of Leviticus 19:28 is a set of laws that prohibited Jews from following the pagan practices of the Egyptians and the Canaanites (Lev. 18:1-5, 24-30; 20:22-24). These laws mainly related to sexual immorality, spiritualism and witchcraft and other areas of personal conduct that were to distinguish God's people. The punishment for disobeying them is given in Leviticus 20. As the "tattoo marks" described in Leviticus 19:28 were associated with false religious practices, they were prohibited for these Jews because God did not want them to be identified with idolatry. The New Testament also teaches that believers are to have nothing to do with idolatry (1 Cor. 10:7, 14; 1 Jn. 5:21) and apostasy (Heb. 3:12).
Some other commands in Leviticus 19 are also no longer associated with idolatry: "Do not wear clothing woven of two kinds of material" (19:19), and "'Do not cut the hair at the sides of your head or clip off the edges of your beard" (19:27). Since it is not specifically mentioned in the New Testament, the practice of tattooing is not prohibited for Christians today, but the principle of not being identified with idolatry and not backsliding would still apply.
Today, a tattoo is usually a decorative means of self expression and personal decoration that is not associated with idolatry. In a situation that is not sinful, whether to get a tattoo can be considered a debatable matter, like whether to eat food that has been offered to idols or whether one day is more sacred than another (Rom. 14:1-6). The Bible gives five principles that can help us determine God's will in situations like this.
First, we are to honor God with our bodies (1 Cor. 6:19-20). In other words, will a tattoo honor or dishonor God? Is the reason for getting one to draw attention to ourselves (1 Tim. 2:9)? A related principle is that whatever we do should be done for the glory of God (1 Cor. 10:31). Will He be exalted or disgraced? Will others think less of God, His Church or His Word because of what I do?
Second, it is sinful to cause believers with weaker consciences to stumble by violating their conscience (Rom. 14:13-14, 20-21; 1 Cor. 8:7-13). In this instance we should refrain from doing something that is not specifically forbidden in Scripture if it hinders the spiritual progress of a weaker believer. Paul even extends this principle to unbelievers because he wanted them to accept Christ as their Savior (1 Cor. 10:32-33). It's loving and unselfish to think of others above ourselves (Rom. 14:15; 15:1-2).
Third, with regard to tattoos and other matters of secondary importance, we shouldn't judge others because they are accountable to the Lord and not to us (Rom. 14:4, 10-12). This means respecting each other's opinion as we can have differing views on what pleases the Lord (1 Th. 4:1).
Fourth, make every effort to do the things that lead to peace and spiritual growth (Rom. 14:19). Will what we do help or hinder the harmony of believers?
Fifth, despite our differences of opinion with regard to matters of secondary importance, believers should accept one another just as Christ has accepted us (Rom. 15:7). Our fellowship with one another shouldn't depend on one's viewpoint on such matters.
As tattoos are permanent, consider whether having a tattoo will be regretted by you and your family in years to come. Also, because images affect thoughts, any tattoo that you might get should focus on what is true, honorable, right, pure, lovely, admirable, excellent and praiseworthy, and not obscene (Phil. 4:8; Eph. 5:3-5). For example, it could symbolize a Biblical truth which represents your relationship with Christ.
Finally, our bodies are like "instruments" or tools that can be used for good or bad purposes (Rom. 6:13). The important question to ask is whether we are using our bodies for God, not whether we have a tattoo or not. Romans 12:1-2 says this: "I urge you, brothers and sisters, in view of God's mercies, to offer your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and pleasing to God … Do not conform to the pattern of this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind."
Published July 2010
See the other articles in this series:
- What does the Old Testament say about Christians getting tattoos?
- What does the New Testament say about Christians getting tattoos?


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Definition of irritation :
1. A condition of morbid excitability or oversensitiveness of an organ or part of the body; a state in which the application of ordinary stimuli produces pain or excessive or vitiated action.
2. The act of exciting, or the condition of being excited to action, by stimulation; -- as, the condition of an organ of sense, when its nerve is affected by some external body; esp., the act of exciting muscle fibers to contraction, by artificial stimulation; as, the irritation of a motor nerve by electricity; also, the condition of a muscle and nerve, under such stimulation.
3. The act of irritating, or exciting, or the state of being irritated; excitement; stimulation, usually of an undue and uncomfortable kind; especially, excitement of anger or passion; provocation; annoyance; anger.
mood, pain in the neck, rage, anger, toughness, fervour, impatience, menace, rawness, annoying, aggravator, bothering, peeve, drag, plague, nuisance, excitement, pest, biliousness, fervor, choler, joke, concern, feelings, pain in the ass, irritability, fretfulness, tenderness, pip, outrage, besetment, surliness, fury, temper, asperity, stress, aggro, humour, upset, calamity, neuralgia, animosity, peevishness, snappishness, incitement, help, eina, botheration, irritant, pestering, incitation, humor, worry, pettishness, excitation, chafe, passion, innervation
discontentment (part of speech: noun)
displeasure, despondence, sourness, joylessness, inquietude, anxiety, ennui, angst, disgruntlement, disquiet, unhappiness, gloominess, frustration, boredom, wretchedness, non-satisfaction, uneasiness, cheerlessness
pain (part of speech: noun)
grief, spasm, headache, burn, hurt, stitch, painfulness, suffering, wound, stab, malaise, earache, smarting, cramp, bite, crick, sting, migraine, pain, pang, rack, torment, back-ache, infliction, gripe, distress, sore, agony, ache, affliction, injury, anguish, wrench, throe, torture, misery, discomfort, inflammation, bruise, throb, chafing
aggravation (part of speech: noun)
painfulness (part of speech: noun)
aggravation, severity, distressfulness, uncomfortableness, woefulness, acuteness, annoyingness, odiousness, oppressiveness, unpleasantness, irksomeness, grievousness, offensiveness, arduousness, cruelty, hurtfulness
sensitivity (part of speech: noun)
resentment (part of speech: noun)
hard feelings, acerbity, ill humor, soreness, resentment, rancor, bitterness, pique, spite, bile, antagonism, huffiness, umbrage, envy, vexation, infuriation, sullenness, wrath, discontent, dissatisfaction, indignation, offense
- He spoke with an illsubdued irritation I knew not how to soothe. - "Daisy Burns (Volume 2)", Julia Kavanagh.
- Gaiety turned to irritation, irritation to anger and fear. - "The Celestial Omnibus and other Stories", E. M. Forster.
- Lady Niton looked at her with mingled amusement and irritation. - "The Testing of Diana Mallory", Mrs. Humphry Ward.


Dr William Harvey 1732?-1803, of Stoke Ferry, Norfolk
What did William look like?
Born: 1732? and died 1803
Parents: Robert Harvey (_PHONE_) and Mary Harvey (nee Wheasenham, 1701?-1777).
Brother of:
2. Mary (?-1784).
3. Elizabeth (?-1798).
4. Ann Helsham (1731?-1793) who married Dr Henry Linhooke Helsham MD (_PHONE_).
5. Susan Forby nee Harvey (_PHONE_) who married Thomas Forby.
He married: Not known.
They had issue: Not known.
The information I have about William Harvey comes from the following sources:
1. The book titled "Stoke Ferry" by Doris E Coates, 1980, page 61. This mentions the doctors in the village including the Harveys and the Helshams living near the church.
2. A mention in his father's will.
3. His memorial inside All Saint's Church, Stoke Ferry.
Page 61 of "Stoke Ferry" reads as follows:
The Doctors - Harvey and Steele
In medicine, as in the law, it was traditional that sons would follow fathers and grandfathers in their professions. This explains why just two families provided local doctors for the whole of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It is interesting that one house (The Lodge, which together with Lodge Cottage was one property) was 'The Doctors House' from 1771 until 1954.
All the members of this family are commemerated on stone slabs in the floor of the aisle in All Saints Church, Stoke Ferry.
In 1771, when Peter Smith, grocer and draper, went bankrupt, Dr William Harvey bought his estate at public auction for £378. It included the grocer and drapery shop with house adjoining, the old chemist's shop, and the lodge with its out-buildings and servant's quarters (now 'Lodge Cottage'). Dr Harvey and his family lived at 'The Lodge' and the two shops and houses were let. In his medical practice he was assisted by first his brother-in-law, Henry Linhook Helsham, then by his nephew, Henry Helsham, the younger, both described as'surgeons'.
Later owners of The Lodge found a print of William Harvey (_PHONE_) who discovered the circulation of the blood and the working of the heart. Given that the name William recurs, and the custom of sons following their father's profession, it is reasonable to assume that the doctors at Stoke Ferry were descendents of a famous ancestor.
Dr Harvey died in 1803, and Helsham the younger continued as doctor. The widow sold the Chemist shop to Roger Micklefield and the grocer and drapery shop to Abraham West, keeping the Lodge for her family's use, and still the doctor's surgery. In the 1820s the practice (and the Doctor's house) was brought by Dr Henry Steele, whose family continued there until 1928.
If you have any information to add to what is listed please contact me.
(The Old Chemist Shop)
(Home) (Biographies) (Bookplates) (Contact)


Describe sex determination in mandarin in Beaumont
When meiosis occurs in the sporophyte generation of the life cycle, the sex chromosomes describe sex determination in mandarin in Beaumont as U and V assort in spores that carry either the U chromosome and give rise to female gametophytes, or the V chromosome and give rise to male gametophytes.
Retrieved 25 March Before and after meals or snacks all students and staff will also be able to wash their hands or use hand sanitizer. Parents will be able to administer the tests at home through June The registration period will run through June 5, This is due to the fact that the haploid eggs double their chromosomes, resulting in ZZ or WW.
Houston, TX
describe sex determination in mandarin in Beaumont
Harmony Public Schools is encouraging our families to take a few moments to complete the U. We will share the zoom info via school reach due to the virtual zoom safety reasons. Complaints regarding website accessibility may be submitted through the Public Complaint process outlined in Board Policy PG All HPS staff will continue to work remotely while campuses are closed, unless a specific and essential job function requires their presence on campus or at an administrative office.
Only describe sex determination in mandarin in Beaumont student may be visible no friends or siblings. Registration for the optional EOY assessments will be available from today, May 12, through June 5,
Describe sex determination in mandarin in Beaumont думаю, что
Note that the process for loading the data file will be different than the process currently used for other assessment programs like STAAR Alternate 2. Students without describe sex determination in mandarin in Beaumont or access to the internet at home should contact their school.
Some species such as various plants and fish do not have a fixed sex, and instead go through life cycles and change sex based on genetic cues during corresponding life stages of their type. At this time, due to COVID, parents and visitors will not be permitted to visit students during mealtimes.
Sarre; Jennifer A. Algunos de los nuevos protocolos de seguridad incluyen:. Currently, all available science from community health experts continues to tell us that the best way to be responsible members of our communities is to have our students and staff remain at home.
Describe sex determination in mandarin in Beaumont
 - satellite lyrics sex pistols new york in Калгурли-Боулдер
 - A sex-determination system is a biological system that determines the development of sexual characteristics in an organisms that create their offspring using sexual reproduction have two sexes. Occasionally, there are hermaphrodites in place of one or both sexes. There are also some species that are only one sex due to parthenogenesis, the act of a female reproducing without. Sex determination is a process of development by which the sex of an individual is settled. Sex is a method of reproduction which is widespread among living things. It requires two individuals of the same species.. Usually, the sexes are separate. Sex may be determined in one of two ways: Genetically, by genes and chromosomes the organism inherits from its parents.
 - low sex hormone binding globulin in females in Darlington
 - Sex determination Inheritance of biological sex. Human body cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes. in the nucleus. Twenty two pairs are known as autosomes, and control characteristics, but one pair. Mechanisms of sex determination Chromosomal sex determination: In flies and mammals females are the homogametic sex (XX) and males the heterogametic sex (XY). In butterflies and birds males are the homogametic sex (ZZ) and females the heterogametic sex (ZW). Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) XX females; XY males X:autosome ratio determines sex.
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Would You Die If You Fell Down Niagara Falls?
Will Niagara Falls ever run out of water?
Niagara Falls water comes from Lake Erie that drains into Lake Ontario.
The entire watershed of the Provinces and States surrounding the Great Lakes will eventually go through Niagara Falls, into the St Lawrence Seaway and into the Atlantic Ocean.
Originally Answered: Why does Niagara Falls not run out of water?.
What was found at bottom of Niagara Falls?
A temporary rock dam diverts the Niagara River away from the American Falls. Two corpses were discovered — for some observers, a surprisingly low number given the falls' history of accidents and suicides. … In November 1969, the cofferdam was slowly removed, and American Falls roared once more.
Does Niagara Falls have a high crime rate?
With a crime rate of 51 per one thousand residents, Niagara Falls has one of the highest crime rates in America compared to all communities of all sizes – from the smallest towns to the very largest cities. One's chance of becoming a victim of either violent or property crime here is one in 20.
Has anyone ever died at Niagara Falls?
Statistics. An estimated 5,000 bodies were found at the foot of the falls between 1850 and 2011. On average, between 20 and 30 people die going over the falls each year. The majority of deaths are suicides—and most take place from the Canadian Horseshoe Falls, and many are not publicized by officials.
How dangerous is Niagara Falls?
Despite the green spaces of the state park, the American side has a reputation for mob activity and violent crime dating back to the Prohibition era. In 2016, the FBI ranked Niagara Falls as the most dangerous city in New York state and 44th in the country.
What was found when they drained Niagara Falls in 1969?
When crews shut down the falls in 1969, they found two bodies and millions of coins, most of which were removed. (As were the human remains, of course.) But in the last 50 years, tourism at Niagara has grown wildly.
Is it illegal to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel?
Is it safe to walk around Niagara Falls at night?
Will you die if you go over Niagara Falls?
Scores have died taking the plunge either by accident or, in most cases, intentionally. According to the Buffalo News, it is estimated that 25 people annually commit suicide by going over the falls. But as authorities scoured the lower Niagara River for the man Tuesday morning, they came across an unusual sight.
Do fish go over the Niagara Falls?
Yes, they do. But fish have more luck in surviving the plunge than humans. They are better built to survive the plunge because they live in water all the time and are much more pliable and lighter than humans.
What if you fell into Niagara Falls?
What's the best time to visit Niagara Falls?
The best time to visit Niagara Falls is June to August. Summer is peak season, and with good reason: Average highs rest in the low 80s. Mists and breezes from the waterfalls can make the area feel cooler.


text:
- The growing field of global health delivery is in need of technological strategies to improve transparency and operations research.
- Our organization has implemented several simple "Web 2.0" strategies while delivering medical and public health services in rural Nepal.
- These strategies help Nyaya Health improve transparency, receive critical commentary from outside experts, and compare approaches to organizing budgets, pharmaceutical procurement, medical treatment protocols, and public health programs.
- The platforms include quantitative outcomes data and logistics protocols on a wiki; an open-access, online deidentified patient database; geospatial data analysis through real-time maps; a blog; and a public line-by-line online budget.
Nyaya Health and Global Health Delivery 2.0: Using Open-Access Technologies for Transparency and Operations Research
Publicado por Manuel Menéndez January 23, 2010 Etiquetas: Benefits of Open Access


Safe Mode: On
This Piece Of Glass Can Store Data Forever
Data, like all things, eventually dies. Your music, your movies, your documents, your files, your computer. You don't expect it to live forever but… what if it did? Hitachi claims that they've developed a new quartz glass plate that can store data forever.
CDs and hard drives can only last for a few decades or a century at most, this new quartz glass can "endure extreme temperatures and hostile conditions without degrading, almost forever." How does it work? The data is stored in binary form with dots inside a thin sheet of quartz glass. The data is read with an ordinary optical microscope. PhysOrg says:
By: DirtyUncleBerty
Science and Technology
Tags: Glass, Can, Store, Data Forever
Location: Japan (load item map)


text:
Outcomes and Conclusions
The creek naturalization project improved 0.3 miles of creek bed in Bryan Park, located in the heart of Bloomington's downtown residential area. By establishing native plants along the creek bed, the project enhanced aquatic and terrestrial habitat in the park, and increased wildlife viewing and educational opportunities for park visitors. Biodiversity has noticeably improved as the new flora support more varieties of songbirds, pollinators and stream macro-invertebrates. Citizen scientist volunteers have monitored and tracked these species successes through Hoosier Riverwatch and the Bloomington Adopt-A-Stream program. Furthermore, for many years the creek had suffered from increasing sediment loads, dead zones and high sun exposure. This project corrected bank erosion, improved water quality in the creek and increased availability of shaded habitat. Since the completion of the project, the native vegetation has been able to hold the banks more effectively than turf during heavy storm events. Indeed, after the project was completed in 2007, it successfully managed a large flood just one year later in 2008.
Overall maintenance required for the creek shrunk and shifted such that it reduced mowing and thus fossil fuel use, and cost, in the park. The Department of Parks and Recreation maintains the improvement area along with some community volunteers. Maintenance requirements include invasive species removal, weeding, trimming existing plants, planting new plants, mulching and monitoring stormwater drainage.
Additional naturalization projects underway in Bloomington include a five-acre prairie planting funded through the Indiana Department of Natural Resources and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services. The site was planted in 2018 with the goal of creating new, drought-resistant habitat for wildlife and native plants.
While overall creek bed maintenance time and costs have decreased, maintenance requirements remain a challenge for the City. Aspiring for a biodiverse, herbaceous creek bed and eliminating mowing shifted the requirements to more hands-on tasks. The City has experienced mixed success in using volunteers to assist. Other challenges have included invasive species crowding out desired plants and winter-time aesthetics.
Project manager Steve Cotter said, "If I had to do it all over again, I would have incorporated trees into the vision from the outset and focused on selectively guiding the succession of the creek bed foliage rather than maintaining specific native plants. Initially we had only planned to plant wildflowers, grasses, and sedges. Cultivating a long-term herbaceous riparian zone for 0.3 miles of creek bed was an unrealistic goal without annual burning or mowing."


'Doomsday clock' close to midnight, Noam Chomsky tells audience at UMass Amherst
Noam Chomsky adresses a large crowd at the Mullins Center. (Bryan Bowman/Amherst Wire)
Bryan Bowman, Campus News Editor
AMHERST — Noam Chomsky, "arguably the most important intellectual alive," according to the New York Times, spoke at the University of Massachusetts Amherst last week.
Chomsky, a renowned linguist and intellectual, gave a lecture titled, "Prospects For Survival" to a crowd of several thousand people at the Mullins Center.
Chomsky is a professor emeritus at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he has worked since 1955. The 88-year-old professor has authored over 100 books on various subjects ranging from linguistic theory to cognitive psychology to international relations and politics.
Chomsky is widely regarded as one of the most influential political dissidents in America for his vehement criticism of the American political system and interventionist foreign policy.
In his lecture at UMass, Chomsky focused on two issues he views as "existential threats" to human civilization: climate change and the prospect of nuclear disaster.
He framed his discussion of these issues around a question that biologist Ernst Mayer posed regarding the evolutionary benefits of a species' intelligence. The crux of the question, Chomsky said, is whether or not "it's better to be smart than stupid."
Chomsky contends that our own intelligence could be our undoing, as we've created technologies such as nuclear weapons and fossil fuel-emitting machines that could destroy humanity.
"We have a choice," Chomsky said. "We can prove that it is better to be smart than stupid … the prospect of a decent survival is at stake."
After discussing the history of nuclear weapons and the cold war, Chomsky concluded that it is "a near miracle that we've escaped [nuclear disaster] thus far."
Chomsky cited that the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists recently moved their famous "doomsday clock" to the closest it's ever been to "midnight," since 1953, when the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. both tested hydrogen bombs for the first time.
Chomsky said that after studying the history of nuclear weapons over the years, he believes states such as the U.S. often prioritize the political "security of the state" over the "security of the people." This leads the government to risky decisions that make the prospect of nuclear disaster more likely.
"There's a lot of talk about security, but it's never about real security, it's about the security of power," Chomsky said.
The MIT professor said he fears the increased tensions between the U.S. and Russia could ultimately lead to the use of nuclear weapons. These tensions, Chomsky argued, stem from the expansion of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) towards the Russian border, and the expansion and modernization the U.S. nuclear arsenal started under President Obama and continued under President Trump.
Chomsky said that the expansion of NATO into countries that border Russia, such as Ukraine, "is a policy mistake of epic proportions."
He also said that Russia sees the imbalance in nuclear power, brought about by American nuclear expansion, as a "first strike" threat, meaning that the U.S. could conceivably destroy Russian nuclear capabilities by striking first. Chomsky argued that because Russia feels threatened by these developments, they could strike first in turn, which would be "an act that would end organized human life," he said.
Chomsky lamented the lack of serious media coverage on this issue, saying that the possibility of nuclear disaster "barely registers in the information system … it receives hardly any attention outside some specialized circles."
Chomsky recalled how he felt the day the United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan in 1945, and how it has informed his views on humanity ever since.
"I can recall my own feelings on that August 6, the astonishment that so few people seemed to care that we were entering what may be the final human age: the nuclear age."
Chomsky then asked the crowd once more: "Is it better to be smart than stupid?"
The professor also extensively discussed the threat that climate change poses to human civilization throughout his lecture.
He said that climate change may be an even greater threat to humanity than nuclear weapons because of the irreversible nature of the issue.
Chomsky said that while we could conceivably agree to get rid of nuclear weapons, "we may be passing a point of no return" with climate change.
Throughout his lecture, Chomsky was critical of the Republican Party's stance on climate change, especially after the election of President Donald Trump.
"The U.S. is virtually alone in racing towards destruction," Chomsky said. "And doing so enthusiastically."
Chomsky linked the Republican Party's position on climate change to the influence fossil fuel corporations exert through lobbying and campaign contributions.
"You can either toe the corporate line or you're out," Chomsky said, criticizing the Supreme Court's decision in the Citizens United case, which Chomsky said "allows unlimited corporate money to flow into the political system."
According to Chomsky, the rest of the world's major countries, including China, were willing to pass a binding agreement to reduce carbon dioxide emissions as part of the 2015 Paris climate agreement. But there was an obstacle.
"It couldn't be done because of one obstacle: the Republican Party," Chomsky said.
Chomsky discussed how the Trump administration's proposed 2017 budget would significantly cut or eliminate the federal government's climate change research programs.
"The budget itself is of unusual savagery, even for the Paul Ryan faction which is running the show behind the scenes while Trump and Spicer grab the headlines," Chomsky said.
Chomsky ultimately pondered whether or not "civilization can survive when the richest and most powerful country in the world is racing towards the precipice of destruction."
The professor said that although the present circumstances are bleak, he does believe there is hope.
"The costs of renewable energy is decreasing," Chomsky said. "And there are ample opportunities, but they will require an enormous amount of energy … the federal government has been turned into a wrecking machine, but states and cities can still do a lot."
Chomsky left the audience by asking the question again.
"Is it better to be smart than stupid? Like it or not, it's up to you to answer, and our prospects for a decent survival depend on it."
Email Bowman at [email protected] or follow him on Twitter _USER_.
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National Allied Health Professions Week celebrated
NEMG recognized its approximately 50 allied health professionals during National Allied Health Professions Week, Nov. 2-6. Allied health professionals make up nearly 60 percent of the healthcare workforce and include physical, occupation and respiratory therapists; medical laboratory scientists; emergency medical personnel; imaging specialists; audiologists and speech-language pathologists; and nutritionists and dietitians.
Allied health professionals identify, evaluate and treat acute and chronic diseases and disorders; deliver dietary and nutrition services; provide rehabilitation services; and manage and operate health systems.


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Penn Law Oral History Project
Penn Law is quite proud of its alumni, and in order to honor them and their achievements, we present the Penn Law Oral History Project. View all Oral History videos on our YouTube channel
What is it?
Our goals for the Oral History Project are twofold:
- to record stories and recollections about Penn Law, its professors, and the experiences of students throughout the years;
- to highlight the impact of a Penn Law education through first-hand narrations of achievements, challenges, and relationships by the alumni who lived them.
What can I talk about?
You can discuss your memories of Penn Law, including your friends, classmates, professors, classroom experiences, etc. You can also talk about your experiences in Philadelphia, your career after graduation, and how you were affected by your time at Penn Law. We seek to create a thorough, multi-faceted record of Penn Law's history, so that we can tell our story to future generations of students.
How can I be interviewed?
If you would like to schedule an Oral History interview (preferably on video), please call Andy Maynard _PHONE_) to make arrangements.


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Systematic density functional theory calculations that treat the strong on-site 3d electron-electron interactions on iron via a Hubbard Ueff = 3.0 eV and the van der Waals (vdW) interactions between the substrate and adsorbate within the vdW-DF framework are employed to study the adsorption of the iron porphyrin (FeP) molecule to the Pt(111) surface. The more accurate vdW-DF-optPBE and vdW-DF-optB88 functionals found the same binding site to be the most stable and yielded binding energies that were within ∼20% of each other, whereas the binding energies computed with the vdW-DF-revPBE functional were substantially weaker. This work highlights the importance of vdW interactions for organometallic molecules chemisorbed to transition metal surfaces. The stability of the binding sites was found to depend upon the number of Fe-Pt and C-Pt bonds that were formed. Whereas in the gas phase the most stable spin state of FeP is the intermediate spin S = 1 state, the high spin S = 2 state is preferred for the FeP-Pt(111) system on the binding sites considered herein. The spin switch results from the elongation of the Fe-N bonds that occur upon adsorption.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Surfaces, Coatings and Films


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Viewpoint of Mothers of Premature Newborns about Nursing Supports in Neonatal Intensive Care Units
Introduction: Prematurity is the leading cause of mortality in newborns without congenital anomalies worldwide. A premature newborn has a devastating effect on parents'roles, especially the mothers', and creates sentimental and vague feelings for mothers. Although advances in technology and high levels of nursing care provide mothers with adequate support and relative independence in child care, it is practically difficult to terminate nursing care and leave it to the mothers.
Objective: The present study aimed to determine the viewpoints of mothers of premature newborns about the importance and amount of the support received from nurses.
Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted with a gradual approach over three months on 160 mothers of premature newborns with a history of hospitalization for at least 24 hours in NICUs of Rasht educational-medical centers in 2014.Data collection tool was a mother/child demographic questionnaire and the 21-item Nurse-Parent Support Tool. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Spearman's correlation coefficient).
Results: The results showed that the highest and lowest amounts of support received by mothers were in the care giving support (69.87±3.0) and parental esteem (96.85±2.0), respectively. Also, according to the mothers, care giving support (39.7±4.0) was the most and emotional support (75.0±3.99) was the least important domain. The results revealed a significant relationship and inverse correlation between the mean score of giving and receiving parental esteem (r = -0.184, p = 0.02) and the mean total score of giving and receiving support from the viewpoint of mothers and nurses (r = -0.183, p = 0.012).
Conclusion: Mothers would like to have the highest amount of support in providing the best care for their newborns. Mothers' most dissatisfaction was with the supportive communication and parental esteem domains which were important for mothers but received little attention from nurses. Therefore, these domains should be addressed and ways should be introduced for their provision in family-centered care.
- در حال حاضر ارجاعی نیست.


Tagged spa design
Spa Designs Around the World
Ahhh, who doesn't like a day at the spa? While spas offer patrons the chance to escape and experience utter bliss with a utopia-like atmosphere, aesthetically, spas offer more than basic relaxation and practicality. In fact, a spa design concept begins and ends with the notion of promoting general well-being.
The best spa designs around the world enhance and benefit physical, emotional and mental states. But how exactly can a spa design concept accomplish such a feat?
A Mainstream Industry Rooted in Culture
When taking a look at current trends in spas designs around the world, it helps to view design concepts from a historical perspective.
Here's a fun fact: The word "spa" is actually an acronym from the Latin phrase 'Salus per Aquam,' which means 'Health from Water.'
Historically, spas were naturally forming water springs that were used to aid in the healing process. Some of the oldest references of spas are found to be dated back to 370 B.C. In all that time, spas have not lost their fundamental purpose of promoting holistic medicine and wellbeing.
Fast forward 2000 years, spas are at the forefront of the holistic health and wellness movement. And spa design concepts seem to embody the assertion that nature heals.
Spa Designs Around the World
If spas are developed as wellness centers, architecture and design also enhance this setting through the use of clean lines, warm color palettes, and geometrical shapes often found in nature. Some of the most notable designs in the spa industry indicate just how entrenched 'natural healing' concepts have been incorporated.
In order for the spa guest to have an instant feeling of relaxation, they need to step into a harmonious space. In linking all senses, décor, color, sounds and scents each play their own role in telling the story of the spa and help to set the ambiance and experience.
From spa design concepts that enhance their natural environment to quiet havens in bustling cities, these designs are some of the most prolific within the spa industry.
Arclin TFL's Cognac and Alabama Cherry look modern and clean when paired with white.
Victorian Architecture
Paying homage to ancient Rome and even taking elements from the ancient Egyptians, Victorian Architecture is both grand and eclectic. Its use for practicality is minimal, favoring beauty instead. For spas, elements of wood and stone are often used. Ancient Roman baths are considered the cornerstone of these spa settings. Asymmetrical lines and ornate accents are emphasized to promote grandeur while still remaining humble in other aspects.
Taking a look at St. Pancras Spa at the Renaissance Hotel in London, these design concepts are incorporated and anything but subtle. For color, a peacock theme and colored accents establish notions and motifs of eternal life and rejuvenation.
Nature as Inspiration
Other spa design concepts utilize nature as continued inspiration. In mimicking the environment from which they derived, these spas exemplify elements of their surroundings and usually remain minimalistic. Focal points are live plants, enhancing the spas restorative journey. In addition, warm woods and neutral linens are used. Bamboo, similarly, sets a tone for Eastern-inspired spa designs.
The Aman Spa located in Canyon Point, Utah is a beautiful design inspired by its natural surroundings. The region's ancient Navajo landscapes stay firmly in place as the focal point of the spa design concept. The architecture is bold, albeit simplistic, and properly juxtaposes the smooth curves of the background while upholding the elegance of modern spas.
Modern & Worldly Elements
Spa Design with Calm Horizon by Arclin TFL
This eclectic, modern spa design can be replicated with Arclin TFL's rustic weathered Calm Horizon, which has great fidelity and color. See Calm Horizon here. HR Maple is also a classic choice that allows design elements, like these teal built-ins, to pop.
Uniquely designed spaces often incorporate a multitude of design concepts. Some select from modern or contemporary details, such as geometric lines, neutral tones, and bold pieces. Worldly aesthetics can include inspiration from various areas around the globe or region-specific accents. For instance, beach themes can be inspired by Thailand and the Asia Pacific, Caribbean roots or South American heritage.
Galgorm Resort & Spa located in Ballymena, Northern Ireland is a breathtaking spa design combining elements of various design aesthetics. Outwardly facing, dark woods and exposed weather bricks make up much of the façade. Inside, comfortable hanging pod chairs and pendant lights, plus adornments of vibrant colors, create an uplifting atmosphere while still remaining comforting and relaxing.
Arclin Design for Natural Accents
Arclin's decorative TFL overlays are the perfect backdrop or complement to many furniture choices or design highlights in a spa environment. Why TFL? Our environmentally-friendly products provide easy maintenance that makes them at home in any space and our broad range of palettes ensures TFL fits beautifully in luxury-minded designs. Contact us today to learn more about how we can help with upcoming spa designs.


The Man Behind the Graham Cracker
Did you know? The graham cracker is named after an American Presbyterian minister. Today we remember Reverend Sylvester Graham, who was born on July 5, 1794.
Graham was a social reformer who recommended a strict diet for people to stay pure and healthy. He advocated drinking only pure water and eating only a high-fiber vegetarian diet. This included bread made at home from unsifted wheat flour (as opposed to refined white flour).
Graham's followers began marketing graham flour, graham bread and graham crackers. (Graham was not involved in any of these products and never earned any royalties from their sales.) reports that "although Graham had his adherents during his lifetime, he was mostly regarded as a bit of a nut." For instance, Graham believed that mustard and ketchup cause insanity. (Come to think of it, that could explain a lot of things.)
(The reason why Graham advocated his stringent diet is best left to a separate discussion. But you can read more about that here.)
Whole wheat contains an array of phytochemicals. These naturally occurring plant chemicals contain antioxidants that can stimulate the immune system, repair damaged DNA and help your body fight cancer. Compounds include phytosterols (which can lower cholesterol) and tocols (which can prevent certain diseases).
American researchers studied six whole wheat products to characterize their antioxidant capacity. Products included biscuits, graham crackers, pasta, toasted chips, wheat crackers and woven wheat crackers. Analytical equipment included an Agilent gas chromatograph coupled to an Agilent mass spectrometer.
Interestingly, the researchers found that whole wheat content does not correlate with phytochemical content.
"Ingredients other than whole wheat in the products appear to contribute substantially to the phytosterol and tocol content," the researchers write, "as their composition were dissimilar to those reported for plain whole wheat." These "other" ingredients, the researchers theorize, may include soybean oil.
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Germany Says Goodbye to Fur Farming
Posted on by PETA
Global fur trading continues to die as Germany votes for a bill that will shut down its six remaining fur farms!
MEILENSTEIN: Bundestag stimmt für faktisches Ende von Pelzfarmen? Im Juni wird der Gesetzentwurf dem Bundesrat vorgelegt.
This victory is over 20 years in the making.
Since PETA Germany was founded in 1994, it has lobbied for a fur-farm ban and conducted several investigations, started petitions, protested in front of mink farms, and launched celebrity anti-fur ad campaigns, all of which have finally led to the passing of this legislation.
Germany's last fur farms will close after a five-year transition. The new law demands stricter regulations governing fur farming and will effectively make raising minks nonviable for farmers. Fur-farming bans and stricter regulations that inevitably cause facilities to close are becoming increasingly widespread. Within the last year, both Japan and Croatia took similar steps to eradicate fur farms.
Millions of animals around the world are beaten, electrocuted, and skinned alive for their fur.
Eighty-five percent of the fur industry's skins come from animals held captive on fur factory farms. These facilities often hold thousands of animals, and the kinds of abuse that the workers there engage in are remarkably similar around the globe.
Whether the fur comes from China (where there are no penalties for abusing animals on fur farms) or Sweden (where minks have been found living with open head wounds and severe infections), all fur production means cruelty to animals.
Fortunately, many companies and celebrities are now fur-free.
After learning about the horrific cruelty behind every fur jacket, trim, or cuff, many powerful voices wanted to help PETA take down this industry. Celebrities such as Annie Yi, Pamela Anderson, Joanna Krupa, Kim Basinger, P!nk, Penélope Cruz, and many others have stripped down for the cause.
Together, We Can Create a Fur-Free World
Always wear non-animal materials and speak out against companies that sell fur. With so many beautiful and warm vegan options today, it's easy to leave fur out of the closet or showroom.


text: Abert's SquirrelSciurus aberti- L= 18 1/4–23 inches. Abert's Squirrels have a complicated relationship with ponderosa pine trees. Their favorite food is the cones of the Ponderosa Pine. They will turn the cone slowly, much like you may rotate an ear of corn as you eat it, peeling away the cone scales to reach the meaty seeds. The new buds and inner bark of the Ponderosa are also quickly consumed by the squirrel. You may think this would be bad for the Ponderosa; but the Abert's also eat ectomycorrhizal fungi, the consequence of this feeding activity spreads the spores of the fungi around. As it turns out this fungi is very beneficial to the survival of the Ponderosa Trees and the Abert's Squirrel serve a fundamental function in the propagation of the fungi. The relationship between the Ponderosa Pine and this little squirrel is quite remarkable and complex.


India's first indigenous jet was left to die young
India's first indigenous jet was left to die young
India's first indigenous jet was left to die young
India's first fighter plane Marut didn't get the boost it deserved.
Today, 50 years later, the IAF has no indigenously built aircraft of any worth. The enthusiam that was associated particularly with Marut died a natural death because of a combination of two factors: import pressures in general and under-powered engines for the aircraft.
Retired IAF officers told Deccan Herald that neither Air Headquarters nor the Ministry of Defence pursued the indegenisation programme beginning with Marut manufactured by the then Hindustan Aircraft Ltd, later christened as Hindustan Aeronatics Ltd (HAL), with gusto. According to Wg Cdr (retd) Praful Bakshi, Marut's "Achilles heel" was its engine.
"After the GNAT started flying, Kurt Tank (a German who had earlier designed the Focke-Wolf) designed the HF-24" which was a "remarkable aircraft but fell short because of the lack of a proper engine".
After the aircraft was commissioned, three squadrons were formed and some of them saw action during the 1971 Indo-Pak war in which it took a lot of hits, as one retired IAF officer said.
At the manufacturing stage, Rolls Royce agreed to make an engine for the Marut at a cost of Rs 7 lakh per engine. But after the company's factory in Egypt was bombed by the Israelis in an air attack the IAF re-designed the aircraft, fitting two GNAT engines on it.
"This did not help because the frame was designed for Mach 2-3 speed and the engines were grossly under-powered," another retired IAF officer said, adding that with no significant help from western countries in developing the Marut's engine, the plan to manufacture more of the HF-24 was dropped.
According to Wg Cdr Bakshi, "the Marut was the only aircraft which flew supersonic without an afterburner, an aspect which "our planners never gave importance to.
Besides, the defence establishment "never thought that this was a great tactical advantage. Senior personnel did not want to fly this aircraft because the worksmanship of HAL was not up to the mark," he notes.
The IAF was "happy because nobody wanted an indigenous programme" even though the Marut could do 640 knots, fly low level with four tanks" (comparable to the American F-22).
Most retired IAF officers Deccan Herald spoke to faulted the Marut's engine whose under-performance was the main reason why production of the aircraft was grounded.
"Imagine what a Rs 4-crore investment could have done to the aircraft", Air Marshal (retd) S K S Ramdas said, adding: "Some of the aircraft had not even clocked 10-12 hours on the log and there was one which had logged only three hours. Only a very rich country like ours could afford such a colossal waste," he said.
Another retired Air Marshal said that several test pilots lost their lives because of a combination of mehcanical faults, including a below par engine. The fighter plane's reputation was marred by technical glitches, including fuel leakages and a problem with the canopy, which eventually took the life of Group Capt Suranjan Das.
After the Indo-Pak war, the government virtually stalled the IAF's programme tilting to the seductive appeal of imports which included the procurement and operationalisation of the Russian MiG-21s which subsequently suffered because of the availability of spare parts.
Now, the aircraft lies all across India in various airfields and the authorities at Air Headquarters and HAL here look the other way because it was a source of embarrassment.