The first German Grand Prix was held at Berlin in 1926. Sadly the rain sodden event was overshadowed by accidents, including one which killed three officials.
After this awful Grand Prix at Berlin's Avus the Grand Prix moved to the legendary (in my opinion) Nuburgring circuit. Work at the Nuburgring began in 1925, so to provide employment in the local area. Including the "Southern Circuit Extension", the Nurburgring was 17.58 miles long. The Longest Circuit used in Modern Formula One (Spa-Franchorchamps) is 4.35 miles. Grands Prix were ran at the Nurburgring until 1939, when World War Two began.
It took until 1949 for the Nurburgring to host another race. In 1951 it became a championship race for the new Grand Prix Series. For this 1951 race 180,000 fans watched Alberto Ascari win in a Ferrari. This circuit had a reputation as a circuit that proved the great drivers such as Juan Manuel Fangio, who won what he described as his "Best Ever Race" there in 1957.
In 1959 the German Grand Prix was held at Avus in Berlin again, where the race was held over two heats (This was unique). However, the return to Avus was marred by the death of Jean Behra. Formula One cars never raced at Avus again.
In 1960 there was no German Grand Prix, however 1961 seen the German Grand Prix hosted at Nurburgring again. During the '60's Graham Hill, John Surtees, Jim Clark, Jack Brabham and Denny Hulme won at the Nurburgring, as did Jackie Stewart, by over 4 minutes in 1968. Hockenheim hosted it's first German Grand Prix in 1970 as the Nurburgring underwent modifications, sadly this circuit will forever be known as the circuit where Jim Clark died in a Formula Two Race in 1968.
The next year Formula One returned to the Nurburgring, however it quickly became clear that the Nurburgring was too old for modern F1 cars. The last time a German Grand Prix was held on the old Nurburgring was 1976, where Niki Lauda crashed and suffered heavy burns.
In 1977 the German Grand Prix was moved to it's current home Hockenheim, where Nika Lauda, having made a brave and quick recovery from his almost fatal accident the previous year, won. This circuit had very long straights and was famous for destroying F1 car engines. 1980 saw another tragedy at Hockenheim as Patrick Depallier of Clement-Ferrand, France died after a testing accident at the Ostkurve. The race in 1982 was famous, as Brazilian Three Times World Champion Nelson Piquet fought Salazar after they collided as Piquet tried to "lap" him. Patrick Tambay of France won that ract in 1982.
In 1984, German f1 fans were treated to both the German Grand Prix at Hockenheim at the European Grand Prix at the Nuburgring. However this was a much shorter circuit then the old legendary Nurburgring (This one was just 2.82 miles long).
This new circuit hosted the German Grand Prix of 1985 when Prost won. The German Grand Prix moved back to Hockenheim in 1986, and has been hosted there ever since. Since 1995 the new Nurburgring circuit has hosted the European Grand Prix.
Finally, the last really interesting German Grand Pris was the German Grand Prix of 2000. This is of note because of the manner in which Rubens Barrichello won the race. Due to the following he won the race despite starting 18th (out of 22).
 1. His teammate Michael Schumacher collided with Gaincarlo Fisichella and crashed on the first corner.
 2. On lap 24 a protestor walked on the track with the following on his waterproof garment "Mercedes Benz, who knew about my health problems, offered me a job I could not do and then sacked me for physical ineptitude after 20 years service". He forced the safety car out which meant that the McLaren Mercedes cars of David Coulthard and Mika Hakkinen were no longer far ahead.
 3. Rubens Barrichello stayed out whenever it started to rain, on his slick tyres while Hakkinen & Coulthard Pitted for rain tyres.
 - Formula 1 Yearbook 2000-2001 ISBN 0-752534-735-6
 - The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Formula One ISBN 0-340-73887-1


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Nancy Bovy sent a link to a cool SciAm article that debunks the myth that 75 percent of all people ever born are currently alive.
To calculate how many people have ever lived, [Carl] Haub followed a minimalist approach, beginning with two people in 50000 B.C.—his Adam and Eve. Then, using his historical growth rates and population benchmarks, he estimated that slightly over 106 billion people had ever been born. Of those, people alive today comprise only 6 percent, nowhere near 75 percent. "[It is] almost surely true people alive today are some small fraction of [all] people," says Joel Cohen, a professor of populations at the Rockefeller and Columbia Universities in New York City. [Link]I wonder how many of those 106 billion people left enough evidence of their existence that they may be genealogically (and not just genetically) linked to persons alive today, and how many are ancestors we will never find.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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In this recipe, you'll create a query that uses your existing ticket data to forecast an estimate of how many tickets you'll receive in future years. To be able to forecast results, Explore needs at least two cycles of data. A cycle is a period of time broken down into multiple periods. For example, if you are reporting by year, you'll need at least two years of data to generate a forecast.
This article contains the following sections:
What you'll need
Creating the query
To create the query
- In the Metrics panel of your blank query, click Add.
- From the list of metrics, choose Tickets > Tickets, then click Apply.
- In the Columns panel, click Add.
- From the list of attributes, choose Time - Ticket created > Ticket created - Year, then click Apply.
- Explore generates a chart showing the number of tickets created each year since you began collecting data. From the visualization type menu (), change the chart type to Line. You'll end up with something that looks like the following:
- Now, you'll add the forecast to your chart. From the result manipulation menu (), choose Forecast.
- In the Forecast menu, select Calculate a forecast on the result.
- Leave all other values in the menu at their default values. Explore regenerates the chart showing one year into the future. The forecasted portion of the line chart is shown as a dotted line, for example:
- Click the New query text, then enter a name for the query like Ticket volume forecast.
- Save your query.
You've now finished creating a simple forecasting example. In the next section, you'll dig a bit deeper into the forecasting options and customize the chart you just created.
Exploring forecasting options
In this section, you'll start with the ticket volume forecast chart you created and explore how the different forecasting options affect it.
To open the forecasting menu
- Open the Ticket volume forecast query you created previously.
- From the result manipulation menu (), choose Forecast.
The Forecast menu contains the following options:
Calculate a forecast on the results
Select this checkbox to turn on forecasting.
You can calculate the forecast based on the columns, or the rows in your chart. However, whichever you choose must contain a date-based attribute. In the example in this article, you added the Ticket created - Year attribute to the Columns panel, so in the Path drop-down list, select On rows.
If you want to test how the path works, try dragging the Ticket created - Year attribute from the Columns panel into the Rows panel. Then, change the path to On rows. You'll end up with a table (instead of a chart) showing the ticket volume by year with the forecast.
The Method drop-down list selects the type of calculation that Explore uses to calculate the forecast. You can choose from two methods, each of which might return different results.
Explore uses the Holt Winters model as a forecasting method. Explore uses two sub-models that fit most use-cases, the AA and AM models which also take into account seasonal variations. If you want to read more about Holt Winters and the two models, see Using forecasting to predict results.
For this example, choose Additive trend and additive season.
Values to predict
Choose the number of values that you want to predict. In our example, when this was set to Auto, Explore looked one year ahead.
Choose Custom and then set Specify the number of values to predict to 5. This will make the forecast look five years ahead.
Values per cycle
Finally, this setting configures how many forecasts to make over each time period. In our example, when this was set to Auto, Explore forecast one result each year. Increasing the values per cycle increases the detail of your forecast.
Choose Custom and then set Specify the number of values per cycle your data contains to 6. This will take 6 forecasts throughout each year.
You'll end up with a chart that looks something like this example:
For in-depth information about how forecasting works in Explore, see Using forecasting to predict results.


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Simplified Electric Vehicle
The principal input to the model is the voltage to the motor. Motor parameters include resistance (ohm), motor inductance (henrys), back emf constant (volt-sec/rad), torque constant (N-m/a), rotor inertia (kg m^2), and mechanical damping. The automotive parameters include vehicle inertia, vehicle damping (friction), transmission dynamics, gearing ratios, and a simplified model of tire friction on the paved surface. The electric vehicle models tracks system including motor electrical current (amps), rotor angular velocity (radians/sec), rotor angle (radians), wheel angular velocity (rad/sec), wheel angle (radians), vehicle velocity (m/sec), and distance travelled (m).
! APMonitor Modeling Language! _URL_.com! Electric Vehicle Model Model car Parameters! motor parameters (dc motor) v = 36! input voltage to the motor (volts) rm = 0.1! motor resistance (ohm) lm = 0.01! motor inductance (henrys) kb = 6.5e-4! back emf constant (volt-sec/rad) kt = 0.1! torque constant (N-m/a) jm = 1.0e-4! rotor inertia (kg m^2) bm = 1.0e-5! mechanical damping (linear model of friction: bm * dth)! automobile parameters jl = 1000*jm! vehicle inertia (1000 times the rotor) bl = 1.0e-3! vehicle damping (friction) k = 1.0e2! spring constant for connection rotor/drive shaft b = 0.1! spring damping for connection rotor/drive shaft rl = 0.005! gearing ratio between motor and tire (meters travelled! per radian of motor rotation) tau = 2! time constant of a lag between motor torque and car! velocity. this lag is a simplified model of the power! train. (sec) End Parameters Variables i = 0! motor electrical current (amps) dth_m = 0! rotor angular velocity sometimes called omega (radians/sec) th_m = 0! rotor angle, theta (radians) dth_l = 0! wheel angular velocity (rad/sec) th_l = 0! wheel angle (radians) dth_v = 0! vehicle velocity (m/sec) th_v = 0! distance travelled (m) End Variables Equations lm*$i - v = -rm*i - kb *$th_m jm*$dth_m = kt*i - (bm+b)*$th_m - k*th_m + b *$th_l + k*th_l jl*$dth_l = b *$th_m + k*th_m - (b+bl)*$th_l - k*th_l tau * $dth_v = rl * dth_l - dth_v dth_m = $th_m dth_l = $th_l dth_v = $th_v End Equations End Model


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 (Redirected from Gaziosmanpasa)
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Location of Gaziosmanpaşa
Gaziosmanpaşa is located in Turkey
Coordinates: 41°04′34″N 28°54′02″E / 41.07611°N 28.90056°E / 41.07611; 28.90056Coordinates: 41°04′34″N 28°54′02″E / 41.07611°N 28.90056°E / 41.07611; 28.90056
Country Turkey
Province İstanbul
 - Mayor Erhan Erol (AKP)
 - Kaymakam Seddar Yavuz
 - District 216.63 km2 (83.64 sq mi)
Population (2012)[2]
 - District 488,258
 - District density 2,300/km2 (5,800/sq mi)
Gaziosmanpaşa (pronounced [ɡaːziosˈmanpaʃa]; old name: Taşlıtarla) is an impoverished working class municipality (belediye) and district of Istanbul, Turkey, on its European side. With a population of 400,000 plus, it is one of the most populous districts. In 2009 Gaziosmanpaşa district were the divided to three districts: Gaziosmanpaşa, the central; Sultangazi, the northern part and Arnavutköy, the northernmost part. Esenler and Bayrampaşa are at west, Sultangazi is at north and Eyüp is at south and east of district.
This was empty, stony pasture until the 1950s when immigrants from the Balkans (especially from Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and Western Thrace) were settled here. Much of their housing was illegally built, primitive tiny cottages. Gaziosmanpaşa expanded rapidly during the 1970s and 80s due to migration from eastern Anatolia. The population is still growing with half the people under 20 years old. NBA's Orlando Magic star, Hedo Türkoğlu, who played in the 2009 NBA Finals, was born in the district. The NBA's Cleveland Cavaliers center Semih Erden was also born in the district.
Gaziosmanpaşa today[edit]
The centre of Gaziosmanpaşa is still inhabited by the descendents of the 1950s and 1960s Balkan immigrants. Now most of the original illegal houses are being pulled down and replaced with semi-legal blocks of flats, to house the children and grandchildren.
Other areas, often isolated communities far out of the city, are dominated by populations of migrants from Anatolia. These areas are an ethnic, religious and political melting pot. In particular, one area of Gaziosmanpaşa has a substantial population of migrants from Tunceli Province, a province mainly populated by people who claim both Kurdish and Zaza identities. The mixture of people plus the number of young people in the communities has at times given Gaziosmanpaşa the unfortunate reputation for being the centre of crime and of left and right wing violence in Istanbul, with many Istanbul people referring to the area as 'little Colombia'.
The city council is trying to spend its way out of this situation by putting in sports facilities, theatres, shopping centres and better transport to the city. But still more and more housing is being built. As the area has grown without sufficient control or regulations the city is still struggling to put in schools and other infrastructure throughout Gaziosmanpaşa to support the population, while industrial development is taking place too.
The area itself suffers from unemployment despite the industry coming in, and the main employers are small workshops producing light fittings, electrical goods, clothing, lathe and metalwork and car repairs.
The district was named after Gazi Osman Pasha, a prominent Ottoman general who had been active in the Balkans.
External links[edit]


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In many Western countries, the relative weight of people - measured by the Body Mass Index (BMI) - has increased substantially in recent years, leading to an increasing incidence of overweight and related health problems. As with many forms of risky behavior, it is plausible that overweight is related to the individual discount rate. Increases in credit card debts, the rise in gambling and the development of a more hedonic life style, suggest that the average discount rate has increased over time. This increase may have been the cause of the increase in BMI. Applying a large set of indicators for the individual discount rate, this paper analyzes whether changes in time discounting can account for differences in body mass between individuals at a given point in time and whether changes in the average individual discount rate can explain the remarkable increase in BMI experienced in recent years. We find some evidence for a link between time discounting and differences in BMI between people, but this relationship depends strongly on the choice of the proxy for the discount rate. Giving our hypothesis the best chance, we analyze the development of the time discounting proxies that are most strongly related to BMI. We find no evidence for a change of these proxies over time. Our main conclusion therefore is that overweight might be related to the way people discount future health benefits, but the increase in BMI has to be explained by shifts in other parameters that determine the intertemporal decisions regarding the trade-off of current and future health and satisfaction.
body mass index (BMI) risky behavior time discounting


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A Fresh Look at the Number, Effectiveness, and Cost of Meetings in the U.S.
Bad meetings are a big issue in the modern workplace. Just how big of a deal are they?
The most frequently quoted statistics say that there are:
- 11 million meetings in the US per day (Wall Street Journal, Forbes, CBS News, HRM America, CNBC, NPR, Inc.com, MIT Sloan Management Review)
- Up to 50% of these meetings are a waste of time, costing the US $37 billion per year (Business Insider, Inc, BABM, The British Psychological Society)
That's a big problem. Except, these numbers are wrong. We've poured through the research, done the math, and pulled together the most up-to-date information so you don't have to.
The PDF download includes:
- The Numbers: Infographic
- The Story Behind the Numbers
- Question 1: How many meetings are there a day, really?
- Question 2: How effective are all those meetings?
- Question 3: What is the cost to the U.S. economy of wasted meetings?
- Findings: Now what?


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Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin - Humboldt Graduate School
Career Day 2021
Our Career Day 2021 was the first in an online format. Although it was an experiment, it was a great success with around 200 participants.
Remember, "After Career Day is before Career Day".
See you in February 2022!
After the doctorate, countless career paths are open, but many doctoral candidates have little insight into potential professional fields. That's why we organize an annual career day for doctoral candidates, to which we invite numerous young people, most of them with doctorates, from very different professional fields. Within the framework of small discussion groups, doctoral candidates and young professionals can talk to each other: In what jobs do people with doctorates work? How did they manage to enter this field of work? To what extent was and is the doctorate helpful? What does every day work look like? This individual exchange is supplemented by selected expert lectures and information. This year, the Career Day will take place online.
Download Flyer


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Taiwan opens up its public WiFi hotspots for tourism purposes
MANILA, Philippines - One of the problems with technological advances is that accessibility becomes a factor for enjoyment of new devices like tablets.
A new development at Georgia Tech, called Access4Kids, is working towards helping disabled children with controlling touch-based tablets.
Access4Kids aims to help those with fine-motor impairment to better control tablets. It is a "wireless input device that uses a sensor system to translate physical movements into fine-motor gestures to control a tablet."
The Access4Kids system uses 3 force-sensitive resistors to measure and convert pressure into control signals on a tablet.
As the news piece from Georgia Tech explains, "A child can wear the device around the forearm or place it on the arm of a wheelchair and hit the sensors or swipe across the sensors with his or her fist. The combination of sensor hits or swipes gets converted to different 'touch-based' commands on the tablet."
Its developers, professor Ayanna Howard and graduate student Hae Won Park, hope that Access4Kids can be fine-tuned and made into a commercial product.
As Howard explains, "It doesn't make sense for me to have one child look at it and say 'Hey that's really cool' and not have it out there in the world." - Rappler.com
Who will inherit the throne?
Rappler takes you through the Miss Philippines Earth 2013 competition with these specials:

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Wheat BeltArticle Free Pass
Wheat Belt, principal crop-growing region of Western Australia, occupying about 60,000 square miles (160,000 square km) in the southwestern section of the state. Served by the Perth-Albany Railway, the crescent-shaped belt is delineated on the west by a line drawn from Geraldton south through Moora, Northam, and Katanning to the western end of the Great Australian Bight. The eastern boundary of the belt bulges as far east as Southern Cross. The Wheat Belt receives as much as 20 inches (500 mm) of rainfall annually in the west, declining to 10 inches (250 mm) in the east. In addition to wheat, the area yields oats, barley, and wool. The Wheat Belt developed after the decline of gold mining in 1905 and was aided by the introduction of superphosphate fertilizers, new breeds of livestock, machinery, government loans, surveys, railway feeder-line construction, immigration, and "soldier settlement schemes" for military veterans after both World Wars.
What made you want to look up "Wheat Belt"? Please share what surprised you most...


The beauty of cosmic education
Painting by Anna Lorenz
I am always looking for new challenges, for both my class and myself. This is an idea that worked out just the way I hoped it would…I am proud to present our English spoken digital book: The life of Nelson Mandela in 31 paintings.
It was great to all work together on this project. The integration of history, human rights, culture, arts, English and ICT, makes this project a good example of the endless possibilities of our beautiful cosmic education.
Based on the book Madiba by Angela Machiel-Guépin, the children painted an important moment of Mandela's life. I took photos and uploaded them to the app Explain Everything. Then the children could record their own voice, reading the supporting English text of the painting. Some children were appointed 'pronunciation coach' and helped others practise their lines.
One can make a digital (art) book on any subject. The beauty of a biography however, is that each child is responsible for his/her own part, but every part (child) is needed to make the book (the life story) complete.
The result is wonderful and I am very proud of my class!
Enjoy The life of Nelson Mandela in 31 paintings.
Paintings (acrylic) and voice-over by the children of _USER_ (9-11 year-olds).
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text:
Part 1 –
View an installed PBO station and download position data.
Part 2 –
Learn what the numbers in the spreadsheet mean.
Part 3 –
In a spreadsheet program, make graphs of GPS positions over time.
Part 4 –
Add a linear trendline to the graph and use its equation to find the average daily motion of a GPS station.
Part 5 –
Plot velocity vectors on a map and use them to interpret the regional geology.


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Taiwan culture in ghosts?
You may not believe it like they do, or as much as they do.
But know this, visitors to Taiwan: The Taiwanese believe in life after dead – deep in their culture.
Like most Chinese communities, your Taiwanese hosts hold a strong respect for their dead, the afterlife – and the spirits.
Do not be perturbed. As a tourist in Taiwan, are you aware of these key beliefs?
Culture shock quiz: Taiwan ghosts!?
Which of these ideas are true, as far as the Taiwanese believes?
1. Things related to dying or death are taboo, to be avoided among Taiwan folks.
2. Writing someone's name in red ink is auspicious.
3. The 7th month or Hungry Ghost festival is widely (and loudly!) celebrated among the many colourful festivals in the island.
4. Fengshui (ancient Chinese geomancy) is still practised in modern Taipei!
5. In cosmopolitan cities of Taipei and Kaohsiung (Gaoxiong), such beliefs and superstitions are hardly seen, felt or practised.
Smart traveler answers
Ideas 1, 3 and 4 are true. 2 and 5 are false!
These are the answers to the Tourist Poll in the sidebar on your right!
Smart tourist must-know
The Taiwanese has a strong belief in things spiritual and the afterlife!
Believing in the spiritual realm, respecting their dead, taking precautions to draw in good luck while warding off the bad – and even, celebrating a month-long festival relating to the spirits!
As visitors to the island, what are some aspects of these beliefs you will encounter?
Note: This may not be about your beliefs or whether you are being superstitious.
It is much about being aware of Taiwan culture you are touring; not to unwittingly encroach on beliefs and customs so different!
More smart traveler humor (for laughing only!)
Do not write a Taiwanese friend's name in red ink!
Writing Chinese names in red is a big no-no! Red ink is used for the death and the deceased.
Watch out: What other taboo stuff relating to this culture in the spirits do you avoid?
Taipei or other cities are equally thick in their beliefs!
You may see and meet more elaborate expressions of the Taiwanese beliefs in the rural, less modern areas.
Yet throughout the island – in cities or countryside – the locals and their culture in the supernatural are visible and extensive.
Dear Taiwan travelers,
Do you fear the unknown, tourists?
Now you see, a belief in the unseen is so much a part of Taiwan's religious and cultural backgrounds.
What will be other parts of this 'ghost' culture that might shock you in your touring among Taiwanese and their lifestyles?
Smarter Tourists In Taiwan our first E-Book will show you the taboos and how to tread in touring Taiwan – without apprehension!
Back to intro page for more Smart Tourists Taiwan fun mini posts!


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Looking for some party food for toddlers? These delicious strawberry mice are a great healthy choice and cute to boot!
- 1 punnet strawberries
- black writing icing
- 1/4 cup mini chocolate chips
- 1/4 cup almond flakes
- 2 straps raspberry licorice
- 100g Swiss cheese
- 1. Remove the green stems from each strawberry. Slice a small slice from one side of each strawberry so it will sit flat on the plate.
- 2. Use the black writing icing to stick a choc chip on the pointy end as a nose.
- 3. Use the writing icing to create eyes. Poke 2 slots with a sharp knife and slide in 2 almond flakes as ears per mouse.
- 4. Use a skewer to poke a hole into the berry and slide in the licorice as a tail. Cut the cheese into wedges and serve with the strawberry mice.
- Toddlers will love these cute strawberry mice and they're perfect for a Cinderella-themed party.
- You can use any cheese wedges you prefer for this dish. Just make it the type of cheese that your kids like.
- This recipe was created by Jennifer Cheung for Kidspot, Australia's best recipe finder.


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New Law Protects Architectural Heritage of Buenos Aires
A new law has been ratified that will prevent the demolition of buildings that were constructed before 1941. The architecture of Argentina's capital city, Buenos Aires is what attracts and captures the hearts of so many tourists, expats and Argentines. Porteño architecture is a real mish-mash of different architectural style from throughout the ages with influences from many of the various immigrant communities that came to Argentine shores.
In recent years, the Porteño capital, Buenos Aires, has seen a boom in real estate resulting in the aggressive and often thoughtless demolition of historical buildings. The law aims to prevent the destruction of the city's older buildings that before were often destroyed to make way for tower blocks, office space and apartments buildings. On 23rd December, an appeal was presented to the Argentine congress asking for the legal protection of all buildings constructed before 1941. Six NGOs had been working together to push forward the new legislation and provide popular support for the protection of classic buildings in Buenos Aires.
Recent cases of the destruction of treasured buildings have shocked the city's residents and campaigners. For instance, the Richmond Café – a national treasure that the likes of Jorge Luis Borges would frequent – has been bought by Nike and changed forever. The Richmond Café was designed by the Belgian architect, Jules Dormal, who also designed the spectacular Teatro Colón (Colon Theatre). The sacrifice of national heritage for the wants of multinational companies is sadly all too common an occurrence in Argentina.
Another architectural and historical gem was destroyed in the Flores neighbourhood in December 2011. The home of famous Argentina poet, Alfonsina Storni, (that was about to be declared a site of cultural importance) was illegally demolished. This was despite the fact that it was awaiting approval and that the house was in perfect condition architecturally. The destruction of this building caused uproar in the local neighbourhood.
The protection of historical buildings is vital in attracting tourism to Buenos Aires and to maintain the city's unique look and feel. However, despite the introduction of new laws, some argue that the punishments and reprimands for illegally demolishing buildings are too light. A property developer who wishes to construct on the site of a historic building could simply ignore the legislation and demolish the building only to be given a relatively small fine. Campaigners are claiming that prison sentences should be given out to developers who disobey the rules.
Go back to Argentina Real Estate News:
Argentina Real Estate Trusts - Investments in Construction at Cost in Argentina
Small Apartment units in Buenos Aires attract Real Estate Investors
BUENOS AIRES HABITAT a pioneer of the extended stay hotel-style apartment concept in Buenos Aires. Offers luxurious furnished apartments in Buenos Aires for temporary rent as an alternative to high-class hotels. Whether your visit is for a few days or a few months, for vacation or business trip, we will make your Buenos Aires experience memorable. All of our Buenos Aires apartments offer high-speed internet access, cable TV and housekeeping service.


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Glycemic index of pineapple
The glycemic index (GI) of pineapple equals to 66, which classifies it as a medium GI food.
Glycemic load of pineapple
The glycemic load (GL) of pineapple is equal to 8.6, which classifies it as a low GL food.
Pineapple: Calories and Nutritional info
100 grams of pineapple contain 50 kcal (209 kJ), 0.5 grams of proteins, 13.1 grams of carbohydrates, and 0.1 grams of fats.


text: The Southern Atlantic Coast has white sandy beaches speckled with lighthouses and coastal forests. Warm ocean water is home to dolphins, sharks, and tuna. It's a prime vacation spot for those seeking out the sun and family destinations like Disney World. Kick off your sandals and get ready to feel the hot sand on your feet as you explore this region of the United States. This book will allow students to know and use various text features to locate key facts or information in a text efficiently.


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The invitation to Negotiate should cover any remaining quality issues and the commercial issues needed to establish a Framework Agreement under which projects can be allocated.
The ITN should include:
- A statement of how the negiation will proceed
- Any additional 'quality' aspects either not covered in the PQQ or which require further investigation. These aspects may be addressed to all pre-qualified candidates or to a particular candidate.
- The anticipated form of contract
- Project types to form the basis of negotiations
- Time and place for return of written submissions
By the time you come to finalise the ITN, you will have:
- completed the short-listing process
- made a draft of the proposed Framework protocol which must include the form of contract to apply when an order is placed
Here is an example Invitation to Negotiate prepared by MCC:
"Framework agreement for the appointment of constructor teams for the design & construction or construction of education related premises".
This ITN has four sections and three appendices:
- Background and scope of the framework
2.1 The vision
2.2 A new form of procurement
2.3 Framework objectives
2.4 Operational details
- Details of the final selection process
3.1 Quality and financial proposals
3.2 Interview days and site visits
3.3 Format of the submission
- Evaluation criteriaAppendix A – Quality proposals
A1 Project delivery proposal
A2 Framework delivery proposals
Appendix B – Financial proposals
B1 Cost estimates for a range of schemes
B2 Proposals for incentive mechanisms
Appendix C – Project details
"The vision" mentions sustainable community issues.
"A new form of procurement" lists the key benefits the client is expecting to realise under the framework.
"Framework objectives" expresses the vision in the context of this education programme.
"Operational details" specifies the proposed form of contract and outlines how the constructor will be involved in the management of the framework.
"Evaluation criteria" states the broad principles of how the submissions will be assessed at a 'macro' level. It does not extend to the 'micro' level found in score sheets.
"Quality proposals" and "Financial proposals" specify what bidders must submit. See RESPONSES TO ITN.
"Project details" indicates some categories of projects. There is no need for the client to present sample scheme designs, but to merely describe the scale and context of each type of project.


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The ancient Egyptian tomb evolved rapidly over a period of about 2,500 years, from a simple backfilled pit to an enormous stone pyramid with complex security arrangements. Much of this development was arguably driven by the ever-present threat of tomb robbery, which compelled tomb builders to introduce special architectural measures to prevent it. However, until now most scholarly Egyptological discussions of tomb security have tended to be brief and usually included only as part of a larger work, the topic instead being the subject of lurid speculation and fantasy in novels, the popular press, and cinema.
In Securing Eternity, Reg Clark traces in detail the development of the Egyptian royal and private tombs from the Predynastic Period to the early Fourth Dynasty. In doing so, he demonstrates that many of the familiar architectural elements of the Egyptian tomb that we take for granted today in fact originated from security features to protect the tomb, rather than from monumental or religious considerations. Richly illustrated with more than 150 photographs and tomb plans, this unique study will be of interest to students, specialists, and general readers alike.
|Publisher:||American University in Cairo Press, The|
|Product dimensions:||6.00(w) x 9.10(h) x 1.10(d)|
About the Author
Reg Clark initially trained as a graphic designer at the West Surrey College of Art and Design before studying Egyptian Archaeology at Swansea University, where he received his BA in 2008, and his PhD in 2014.
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
Abbreviations and Conventions
1. The Purpose and Context of the Egyptian Tomb and the Need for It to Be Secure
2. Securing the Early Tomb: Prehistory to the End of the Predynastic Period
3. Defending the Pit Tomb: From Egyptís Unification to the Mid First Dynasty
4. Portals, Passages, and Portcullises: The Second Half of the First Dynasty
5. Subterranean Sepulchers: New Security Developments in the Second Dynasty
6. A Parting of the Ways: Step Pyramids and Mastabas in the Third Dynasty
7. Pyramids and Plug-Stones: Security Innovations in the Early Fourth Dynasty


Friday, March 25, 2011
Being a Potter, the term "potter's field," as used in "they buried him in the potter's field," always intrigued me. What was, what is, a potter's field? Are there still some today?
Found the term in Matthew 27:7. After betraying Jesus, Judas gave the 30 pieces of silver back to the priests to buy a "potters field to bury strangers in." is that the first use of the term? And why there? Did the potters toss their broken pottery pieces onto this "worthless" field and so it was available for a burying ground?
Webster's says: "a burial ground for paupers or unknown persons."
Anybody have any answers or ideas to share?
1 comment:


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Using Q&As and examples, KPMG provides interpretive guidance on consolidation-related accounting issues in applying ASC 810.
- Companies that present consolidated financial statements
- Companies with interests in variable and/or voting interest entities
This March 2021 edition incorporates updated guidance on:
- The interaction between silos, specified assets and VIE characteristics
- Recent SEC staff views on buy/sell arrangements, de facto agency relationships and shared power
- Hypothetical liquidation at book value ('HLBV')
- Common control transactions
- Equity-linked instruments
- Parent control of cash vs share settlement
- What is a variable interest?
- What is a variable interest entity?
- Who consolidates a voting interest entity?
- Who consolidates a variable interest entity?
- Consolidation and deconsolidation procedures
- Presentation and disclosure
- Not-for-profit entities, entities controlled by contract, combined and parent-only financial statements
- Expected losses and expected residual returns


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ARTHUR DOVE, FERRY BOAT WRECK, 1931
Think about abstraction.
Arthur Garfield Dove was one of the first American artists to explore abstraction. Ferry Boat Wreck is an abstracted version of a specific event; a shipwreck he witnessed near his home in Oyster Bay, Long Island. The dark forms of the sinking boat are outlined against a jagged strip of sand in the foreground and successive bands of waves that merge into clouds.
Ask students what the word abstract might mean. After discussing their ideas, let them know that abstraction refers to a work of art that is not recognizable as a picture of a person, place, or thing. Abstract art may reflect an emotion, a sensation, or an aspect of the real world that has been simplified, generalized, distorted, or rearranged.
Ask students to think about a recent event. How would they create an abstract image of that event?


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technical article from Blue Sea Systems
September 17, 2007
Standard circuit protection may not guard against two ground fault hazards in marine AC circuits:
- AC electric power leakage from boats into the surrounding waters that may cause electrically induced drownings
- Low level ground faults that do not trip ordinary circuit breakers but can lead to fires and shocks to people on board
A ground fault occurs when current leaks from the AC hot wire to ground through faulty insulation, improper wiring, or failing appliances and devices. Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCI) found on most boats provide leakage current protection for equipment connected through a plug and receptacle. ABYC guidelines recommend 5mA GFCIs for receptacles in heads, galleys, machinery spaces, and weather decks.
However, wiring faults and shock exposure also can occur in permanent wiring and permanently connected appliances. Providing protection for these conditions requires additional ground fault protection.
Boat systems pose high risk. There is greater potential risk in electrical systems on boats compared to typical home or commercial wiring. The marine AC electrical system is supplied from shore by a power cord through plug and socket connections. The atmosphere is corrosive and the cord is subject to motion, chafing, and stress. Even though a safety ground conductor is supplied in the cord, it may not be completely reliable. A good electrical connection to the shore grounding system can fail in the marina wiring, the cord connections, or at connections inside the boat.
RCDs. GFCIs are Residual Current Devices (RCD). RCDs measure current flow in the hot and neutral wires. Current in these wires should be balanced-when 10 Amperes is flowing in the hot wire, 10 Amperes also should be flowing in the neutral wire (see diagram below). A current imbalance may be an indication of a ground fault-stray current leaking from the hot wire through defective insulation and possibly through a potential victim to ground. RCDs immediately switch electricity off when a ground fault is detected. GFCIs are RCDs with a trip level and timing that conform to a specific UL Standard.
RCBOs. Residual Current Breaker, Overload (RCBO) devices combine the ground fault protection of an RCD with the familiar overcurrent tripping characteristic of a normal circuit breaker. RCBOs can be installed as Branch circuit breakers providing 5mA ground fault protection, or as Main circuit breakers providing 30mA ground fault protection.
5mA vs. 30mA stray current protection. The sensitivity of GFCIs in the U.S. is 5mA to protect against shocks that might cause loss of muscle control for the most sensitive members of the population. 5mA sensitivity is ideal for single circuit protection; however, it is not suitable for whole system protection. The problem with 5mA sensitivity as a whole system solution is that typically there is cumulative leakage in excess of 5mA throughout a whole AC electrical system. Installing an RCBO with 5mA leakage trip sensitivity to protect an entire AC wiring network will result in nuisance tripping. Therefore, 5mA devices are restricted to use in single branch circuits.
In Europe, normal practice is to install a 30mA RCBO in the Main AC circuit as close to the power inlet as possible. This provides whole system protection. If a victim completes the circuit by touching a live conductive surface, normal AC line voltages will produce current in excess of 30mA through the typical human body. Therefore, 30mA protection can immediately switch the electricity off as quickly as a 5mA device in the event of direct human contact.
Protection from electrically-induced drowning. Increased interest in achieving a higher level of ground fault protection in the U.S. is generated by investigations into electrically induced drowning accidents in marinas. These investigations indicate that numerous drowning accidents in marinas have been caused by ground faults resulting in current leakage from boats into the surrounding water. An electrically induced drowning results from loss of muscle control caused by electrical current leaking into the water from boat fittings.
Electrical leakage into the water and the hazard it causes to swimmers is substantially different than touching a live wire on shore. Loss of muscle control can occur at 5mA. This might lead to the conclusion that for current leakage protection to be useful, it must be 5mA or lower. However, unlike a person on land touching a live wire and completing a fault circuit, water is conductive and will complete the fault circuit even if a swimmer is not present. In fact, when a fault develops, an RCBO that provides leakage protection of 30mA may break the circuit before a swimmer is in the area. Furthermore, when a swimmer is in the water, the swimmer shares leakage current with the surrounding water, so the swimmer's share of the leaking current will be less than the total current.
Individual circuit protection and whole boat protection. There is value in having both 30mA whole system protection and 5mA individual circuit protection. A 30mA Main circuit RCBO reduces fire and shock hazards from defects in permanently installed appliances such as water heaters, battery chargers, lighting fixtures, etc., and against defects in the wiring distribution system itself. A 5mA Branch circuit RCBO or GFCI provides a greater level of protection in specific areas such as heads, galleys, engine rooms, and weather decks where there is increased risk of shock. In boats with installed GFCIs, additional protection can be obtained by installing a Main circuit RCBO.
Additional information about RCBOs is available in the 2008 Blue Sea Systems catalog on pages 21.


A lot of thesaurus - A little bit dictionary
Overview of noun promotion
1. promotion, publicity, promotional material, packaging -- (a message issued in behalf of some product or cause or idea or person or institution; "the packaging of new ideas")
2. promotion -- (act of raising in rank or position)
3. promotion, furtherance, advancement -- (encouragement of the progress or growth or acceptance of something)
4. forwarding, furtherance, promotion -- (the advancement of some enterprise; "his experience in marketing resulted in the forwarding of his career")


Grammar Lesson of the Day: because
Grammar Lesson of the Day: because.
Some years ago I began to notice that my college freshmen had all gotten a very strange idea. They had been taught that one must never begin a sentence with the word because. I have no idea where high school teachers came up with this one. It is like alligators in the Manhattan sewers, or aliens landing in Roswell. Some kook huddled in a condemned building says it, and all at once everybody "knows" it, though it is not in the slightest bit true.
There's nothing special about the word because. It's a subordinating conjunction, like a hundred others. Any of them may begin a sentence – so long as it's a sentence they are beginning. A sentence, whether it begins with because or if or since or although or whenever or while or whatever or whatever, requires a main clause. This is not a sentence:
Because I could not stop for death.
But it's because it lacks a main clause. Let Emily Dickinson supply one:
The "rule" that the teachers have promulgated, besides being in itself utterly absurd, reveals something about all the other grammatical rules and "rules" that our students learn (or "learn"). That is, since grammar is no longer taught systematically, as a coherent discipline that makes sense of how we make sense, it disintegrates into a set of arbitrary directives, some of them incorrect at that, each separate from the other, without rhyme or reason. It is why I say that, unless they've studied Latin or German, none of my college freshmen has been taught grammar.
In any case, why would you want to begin with because? Well, you might want to emphasize the main clause, leaving it to the end, if that contains the idea you are going to develop. That's what Emily Dickinson wanted to do; she wanted to focus on Death's stopping by to give her a ride. But maybe you want to emphasize the material in the subordinate clause. Then you will probably place it after the main clause:
We're off to see the Wizard,
The wonderful Wizard of Oz!
We hear he is a whiz of a wiz
If ever a wiz there was!
If ever if ever a wiz there was
The Wizard of Oz is one because
Because because because because because –
Because of the wonderful things he does!
We're off to see the Wizard,
The wonderful Wizard of Oz!
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 - Jamie
 Could this be a lack of trust on the part of the professors? I was once told by a pediatrician (no longer our pediatrician) not to kiss my baby's face. As if I could stop. I'm sure she meant "please don't kiss your baby's face if you have pneumonia, or if you have crumbs in your mustache, or if you have just inhaled cigarette smoke." But she can't trust a non-professional bumbling mother or father to understand all the exceptions, so to be safe, she just laid down the law for all time. I imagine that professors find it easier to say "don't start a sentence with because, alright?" than to explain what a sentence fragment is.
 - Tony
 I don't think so, Jamie. It isn't professors who gave out that advice, but schoolteachers. I think they do not know what they are talking about. It's just flat ignorance.
 - Nancy de Flon
 Tony, part of the problem is that not only has none of your freshmen been taught grammar, but also, if you consider the age of many high school and elementary school teachers, they have probably not taught grammar either. We have a situation parallel to that in the Church in which religious ed is being taught to kids by uncatechized catechists. We are hurtling toward a cultural Dark Age.
 - Victor Gallerano
 It seems to me that there is less here than meets the eye: Our fourth graders are taught that they should not begin a sentence with because because they are just coming to terms with simple sentences. Subordination of clauses is too abstract to make sense at that level. In 6th and 7th grade, we correct that notion. "We are moving on, class, now you are able to understand why and how to use a subordinate clause (whether begun by because or some other subordinate conjunction). In the late 7th and 8th grades we teach the various rhetorical values of the syntactical choices one makes in writing.
 I can't speak for "all" your freshmen (really???) but, perhaps some of them weren't listening in the 6th grade when we corrected the because rule. (Has their listening gotten any better, by the way?)
 At any rate, this level of grammar is appropriate to grammar, not high school. The only time grammar is taught "systematically" in high school is during 9th grade when they are trying to re-mediate any gaps or weaknesses in the new freshmen. Needless to say, 9th grade goes to the low-man on the teaching totem pole…and usually the one with gaps and weaknesses of his or her own.
 - _URL_ Manny
 "why would you want to begin with because? Well, you might want to emphasize the main clause"
 Actually it emphasizes both clauses becuase it inverts the normal sequence. It gives the entire sentence a charge. If anything the first half of the Dickenson line is what's memorable to me, "Because i could not stop for death…" If she had gone with the normal sequence niether halves would be memorable.
 - _URL_ F.R. Duplantier
 Why am I responding to this article? Because I want to. And that's a perfectly grammatical, if elliptical sentence. The rules of grammar are intended for people who have no idea what they're doing, to help them make a better impression and avoid embarrassing themselves too much. They're like paint-by-number canvases or Arthur Murray dance lessons. No one who's any good at anything pores over rule books.


How Trombone is Similar to Electric Guitar
When comparing the two instruments side by side, it's hard to see any similarities, but brass and wood have more in common than you think. They don't look the same, are made out of completely different materials, and aren't played in nearly the same way.
But look again. Mark Mullins, of New Orleans, Louisiana, electric trombonist and lead vocalist in brass-fronted rock band Bonerama (, plays anything from "Helter Skelter" by The Beatles to "When the Levee Breaks" by Led Zeppelin. While typically thought of as guitar songs, Mullins was drawn to the sound and worked hard on translating classic rock riffs to his trombone.
electric trombone
While transcribing guitar music on the trombone, Mullins was pleased to find that the differences in the two instruments are only skin deep–frets and strings have more in common with breath and slides than you might think.
Slide and Frets
A trombone slide has seven positions that are similar to the frets on a guitar. "Each position on a trombone is a half step, just like traveling down the fret board," Mullins says. "It's easiest to think of it like a fretless instrument."
Screaming Rock Sounds
Of course, the other similarity between a distorted rock guitar and a trombone is that throaty, dark sound, which can be made even dirtier with stomp boxes. Mullins runs his trombone signal through a wah-wah pedal, harmonizer, and distortion pedal, and then into a guitar amplifier for a real guitar god sound.
Lips and Strings
For every fret on a guitar, there are six different notes you can play just by changing strings. Similarly, you can get several different notes for each slide position by changing the air flow. "The strings are invisible on the trombone, because the strings are similar to the size of the air opening of your lips," Mullins explains. "Make a smaller hole, and jump to another string. It's really very similar."
Thriving on a Riff
The similarities mean that riff-based rock music is very accessible on a trombone, as well as special effects and techniques. "The ability to bend notes with the slide in a subtle way is like the way a guitar player would pull on a string," says Mullins. "All of these things together contribute to the ability for riff-based guitar music to translate seamlessly to the trombone."
This article is from our November-December 2010 issue. Click to order!
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Nearly all of Georgia's schools are out for the summer. While the students are gone, it doesn't mean that Georgia's educators have stopped working. I know several of my friends are setting up classrooms for next year and many are continuing their education this summer so they can be fresh and interesting when school starts again in the fall.
On that note, we'd like to tell you about a free webinar on June 7 at 1pm available through Discovery Education featuring Philippe Cousteau to kick-off The Big CleanUP, an exciting summer-long contest involving young people taking action to protect our world's oceans. The webinar is a partnership between EarthEcho, TerraCycle, and One World One Ocean with a simple mission: remove plastic from the waste stream and earn money for your school. Prizes include a school visit from Philippe Cousteau and others, film passes, and more.
During this webinar, you will also explore how plastic affects the oceans, how these issues relate to classroom learning, and how young people can take a lead in protecting our oceans. Speakers include Philippe Cousteau as well as guest speakers from TerraCycle, a national recycling system for previously non-recyclable or hard-to-recycle waste, and One World One Ocean, a multi-year campaign harnessing the power of film, television and new media to restore a healthy ocean.
You can learn more at Discovery Education's event page.


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Twelve Stones" related to the biblical verses that describe the twelve stones that the Children of Israel place in Gilgal. However, it could be that the reference is a description of the quarry that was dug where the Byzantines identified the Gilgal. "During the Roman era, it was customary to construct temples of stones that were brought from holy places, and which were therefore also more valuable stones. If our assumption is correct, then the Byzantine identification of the place as the biblical Gilgal afforded the site its necessary reverence and that is also why they would have dug an underground quarry there," Prof. Zertal concludes. "But" he adds, "much more research is needed."
Here's a useful little video report from NTDTV:
I can't find an image of the 'Roman Legion flag' mentioned by Dr. Zertal in the video report (or perhaps I'm missing it).
- Underground cave dating from the year 1 A.D. exposed in Jordan Valley (PhysOrg)
- Underground cave dating from the year 1 A.D. exposed in Jordan Valley (EurekAlert)
- Underground Cave Dating From The Year 1 A.D. Exposed In Jordan Valley (Science Daily)
- Huge Underground Chamber Found–Early Christian Refuge? (National Geographic)
- PHOTOS: "Glorious" Ancient Chamber Found in Israel(National Geographic)
- Discovery of giant underground quarry in Jordan Valley may rock archaeological thinking (Ha'aretz)


Article Correctness Is Author's Responsibility: Epilepsy Research Reveals Why Sleep Increases Risk of Sudden Death
The article below may contain offensive and/or incorrect content.
This shows the outline of a head and brainBoth sleep and seizures reduce heart rate, a new study into mortality and epilepsy reveal. Seizures also disrupt the natural regulation of sleep-related changes. This can sometimes prove deadly and increase the risk of sudden death in epilepsy patients.


, then the datadir variable value is used.
This option is ignored if an explicit --relay-log is specified.
type: time
How long mk-slave-prefetch should run before exiting. The default is to run forever.
Prefetch secondary indexes for pipelined queries.
type: string; default: /tmp/mk-slave-prefetch-sentinel
Exit if this file exists.
type: string; default: wait_timeout=10000
type: time; default: 1s
Sleep time before checking for new events.
When mk-slave-prefetch is done reading all the events in a relay log, it sleeps this amount of time before checking for new events.
This option is automatically set to zero if both --relay-log and --dry-run are specified.
short form: -S; type: string
Socket file to use for connection.
Print execution statistics after exiting. The statistics are in two sections: counters, and queries. The counters simply count the number of times events occur. You may see the following counters:
 NAME MEANING
 mysqlbinlog Executed mysqlbinlog to read log events.
 events The total number of relay log events.
 not_far_enough_ahead An event was not at least L<--offset>
 bytes ahead of the SQL thread.
 too_far_ahead An event was more than L<--offset>
 + L<--window> bytes ahead of the SQL thread.
 too_close_to_io_thread An event was less than L<--io-lag> bytes
 away from the I/O thread's position.
 event_not_allowed An event wasn't a SET, USE, INSERT,
 UPDATE, DELETE or REPLACE query.
 event_filtered_out An event was filtered out because of
 L<--permit-regexp> or L<--reject-regexp>.
 same_timestamp A SET TIMESTAMP event was ignored because
 it had the same timestamp as the last one.
 do_query A transformed event was executed
 or printed.
 query_error An executed query had an error.
 query_too_long An event was not executed because its
 average query length exceeded
 query_not_rewritten A query could not be rewritten to a
 master_pos_wait The tool waited for the SQL thread to
 catch up.
 show_slave_status The tool queried SHOW SLAVE STATUS.
 load_data_infile The tool found a LOAD DATA INFILE query
 and unlinked (deleted) the temp file.
 could_not_unlink The tool failed to unlink a temp file.
 sleep The tool slept for a second because the
 slave's SQL thread was not running, or
 because it read past the end of the log.
After the counters, mk-slave-prefetch prints information about each query fingerprint it has seen, two lines per fingerprint. The first line contains the query's fingerprint. The second line contains the number of times the fingerprint was seen, number of times executed, the sum of the execution times, and the average execution time over the last --query-sample-size samples.
Stop running instances by creating the --sentinel file.
type: int; default: 2
Number of concurrent threads to use for pipelining queries.
type: string; default: /dev/null
Where to create temp files for LOAD DATA INFILE queries. The default will cause mysqlbinlog to skip the file and the associated LOAD DATA INFILE command entirely.
If mk-slave-prefetch sees a LOAD DATA INFILE command (which it won't if this is left at the default), it will try to remove the temporary file, then skip the event.
short form: -u; type: string
User for login if not current user.
Show version and exit.
type: size; default: 4k
The max bytes ahead of the slave mk-slave-prefetch should get. Defines the window within which mk-slave-prefetch considers a query OK to execute. The window begins at the slave SQL thread's last known position plus --offset bytes, and extends for the specified number of bytes.
If mk-slave-prefetch sees a log event that is too far in the future, it will increment the too_far_ahead counter and wait for the slave SQL thread to catch up (which increments the master_pos_wait counter). If an event isn't far enough ahead of the SQL thread, it will be discarded and the not_far_enough_ahead counter increments.
Watching the mentioned statistics can help you understand how to tune the window. You want mk-slave-prefetch to run just ahead of the SQL thread, not throwing out a lot of events for being too far ahead or not far enough ahead.
 MKDEBUG=1 mk-....
For a list of known bugs see
Baron Schwartz, Daniel Nichter
This manual page documents Ver 1.0.21 Distrib 7540 $Revision: 7531 $.


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-glcurve-: a program for generalised Lorenz
curves and related structures
Stephen Jenkins, University of Essex and
Philippe Van Kerm, FUNDP, Namur
The well-known Lorenz curve for a variable y plots L(p(y)) against p(y)
where p(y) is the cumulative distribution function of y and L(p(y)) is the
cumulative share of y up to p(y) (i.e. it is a plot of cumulative income
shares against cumulative population share). The generalised Lorenz curve,
is the Lorenz curve with y-ordinates multiplied by the mean of y. This tool
is frequently used by economists to present and compare income distributions
because of the relation existing between GL dominance and traditional
second-order stochastic dominance and the close link between these concepts
and social welfare comparisons.
This talk introduces glcurve, a program basically designed
to draw generalised Lorenz curves for a given continuous variable.
glcurve has two attractive features: on the one hand it is
flexible in the sense that it can be used to draw related graphs such as
Lorenz curves, concentration curves or "TIP" curves and, on the
other hand, permits easy visual dominance checks by population subgroups.
The interest of generalised Lorenz curves comparisons will be emphasised and
the simple data transformations needed to obtain related structures will
also be illustrated.
Jenkins S.P. and P. Van Kerm. 1999.
sg107: Generalized Lorenz Curves and
Related Graphs. Stata Technical Bulletin 48: 25—29.
User Group meetings


Liberals and organised labour
The loss of the support of organised labour during the late Victorian and Edwardian period was a key factor in the decline of the Liberal Party as an electoral force.
Once this confidence in the party was gone, the Liberals never got it back and trade union and labour issues have never since had the highest priority in Liberal politics.
The speakers examined why and how organised labour broke away from supporting the Liberal Party, and its impact on the Liberal vote.
Related themes


Integrations guideline
Additional resources
How to create an escalation policy?
Select escalations from sidebar
Head over the escalations section on the dashboard and click on new escalation
An example escalation policy
 1. Make sure to give a good identifiable name based on the team members in it.
 2. Add multiple escalation levels
 3. Add a time to wait before automatically escalating if incident is open (not acknowledged or resolved)
 4. Save
Avoid adding any time interval for the last step where escalation ends.
Simultaneous alerts
If you would like to receive simultaneous alerts for either you, your team or Slack, Teams, etc then we highly recommend adding multiple alerts in one escalation step vs creating another step with 0 minutes as interval.
Avoid 0 minutes interval


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Automated Threat Recognition (ATR) Algorithms for Explosion Detection Systems
The final report for this workshop available at:
ADSA08 focused on automated threat recognition (ATR) algorithms for explosion detection systems was held at Northeastern University in Boston on October 24-25, 2012.
The topic of ATR was chosen for the workshop in order to support the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) objective of improving the detection performance of existing technologies. Improved detection performance is defined as increased probability of detection, decreased probability of false alarms, lower detected threat mass and an increase in the number of types of explosives detected.
The topics that were addressed at the workshop are as follows:
- ATR for:
- CT-based EDS
- Whole body imaging (WBI) & Advanced Imaging Technology (AIT)
- Carry-on baggage inspection
- Fused systems
- Risk based screening
- Behavioral detection
- Detection explosives implanted in a passenger's body
- XBS dose
- Accelerating deployment of third party advances
The presentations and discussions concentrated on imaging devices such as CT-based EDS and Advanced Imaging Technology.
The workshop was successful fostering interaction between third parties and vendors, reducing barriers to their working together, now and in the future. It also directly led to increased third party involvement in the development of advanced ATR algorithms. This conclusion is based on anecdotal evidence of the number of third parties engaging in discussions with vendors during the workshop and the editors' knowledge of third parties consulting for the vendors.
- For an imaging device:
- ATR should be defined as an operation with images as input and a yes/no decision on the presence of a threat as an output
- ATR should include the following steps: segmentation, feature extraction, correction for device imperfections and classification.
- It would be very difficult for a third party to develop, without direct assistance from a vendor, an ATR for a deployed explosive detection device (e.g., an EDS) for the following reasons.
- Detection requirements are classified
- Data from deployed equipment are SSI or classified, and are under export control
- There is no publicly available set of images that are representative of challenging ATR problems for explosive detection systems.
- The business interests of the vendors should be protected
- DHS/TSA policies do not allow TSL to test components (e.g., an ATR) separate from a complete scanner.
- Third parties can make advances to ATR by working with data and requirements that are in the public domain. This task could be accomplished through the following steps.
- Detect a set of benign objects such as peanut butter and rubber sheets.
- Write detection requirements based on these benign objects
- Scan these objects on an equivalent device in a related field. For example, for x-ray based EDS, scan on a medical CT scanner.
- Provide an environment in which third parties, industry and Government can interact
- The following topics should be considered in detail in the future.
- Developing and testing ATRs with few training and test samples.
- Developing metrics for improved performance when the confidence intervals for tests of PD and PFA are large due to small data sets.
- Funding for researchers from DHS, TSA, government laboratories, and industry.
- Incentives from the TSA for vendors to deploy equipment with improved detection performance. These incentives will lead to the deployment of advanced ATR algorithms.
- Developing ATRs with support for risk-based screening, deterrence and the human in the loop.


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Two Sides of Editorial Queries: Editors and Authors
Cynthia Saver and Julie Cullen
Nurse Author & Editor, 2021, 31(1), 2
Editorial queries refer to the questions asked of authors during the editing process. They're an essential tool to creating an effective final published piece. The editor is able to look at an author's manuscript with fresh eyes, catching mistakes that may have been missed. The editor also knows the publication's readers, so can anticipate what they might find unclear or want more information about.
By honing their skills, editors can create editorial queries that obtain the needed response while respecting authors' work and expertise. And writers can learn how to respond to queries so that the final product shines, enhancing their reputations.
Crafting an Effective Editorial Query: For Editors
Effective editorial queries save the author and editor time by avoiding the back-and-forth that frequently follows an unclear query.
Before writing a query, however, consider if you can quickly resolve the issue yourself. For example, perhaps a statistic from the Centers from Disease Control and Prevention seems too high or low, and the author has provided the link to the relevant website. You can easily check for yourself, and then simply highlight the change so the author sees it.
If a query is needed, consider applying this three-step process:
- Highlight the text in question.
- Concisely state the issue, and, if appropriate, make a suggestion to resolve it.
- Ask for a specific response.
Here's a closer look at each step. Keep in mind that you want to make it as easy as possible for an author to respond to a query
- Highlight the text in question.
In many cases, you're asking about a word or phrase, not the entire sentence. Highlighting the relevant section allows the author to easily see what's at issue. Color highlighting is preferable to italics, which are harder to read and can't be used if something is already italicized in the existing text.
- Concisely state the issue.
Editors commonly start queries with "AU" for author, but new authors may not understand this abbreviation. Therefore, it's a good idea to define it on first use. For example: "AU (author): Please provide page numbers." Starting each query with AU makes it easy for authors to search for queries, an important consideration for long documents.
Once you have the author's attention, you're ready for the next step. If you simply want the author to verify that your edit didn't affect meaning, you can simply state something like, "Edit OK?" and skip the details.
In many cases, however, you need to explain the problem, such as "I'm not sure our readers, who are general practitioners rather than specialists, will understand your meaning." Avoid unhelpful one-word comments, such as "unclear" or "revise," that leave authors puzzled and unsure about how to respond. The key is to be specific. If the editor omits "who are general practitioners rather than specialist," which explains why the text is being questioned, the author might be tempted to reply with, "Yes, they will understand."
Be tactful when questioning authors about information they likely perceive themselves to be expert in. "Given that breast cancer also occurs in men, would you want to include any diagnostic considerations related to that patient population?" is an example of a gentle way to raise an issue.
Most authors will welcome your addition of a suggestion to resolve the query. For example, in an article about postdural puncture headache (PDPH), after "I'm not sure our readers, who are general practitioners rather than specialists, will understand epidural blood patch," you might suggest: "Perhaps add description: 'For debilitating PDPH that doesn't respond to conservative treatment, the anesthesia provider may place an epidural blood patch (injection of a small amount of autologous blood into a patient's epidural or spinal space to stop a leak of cerebrospinal fluid).'" Try to provide only one option, two at the most. Too many options can be confusing.
If appropriate, you also may consider adding a positive note. For example, "This table provides a great summary of the pharmacologic options. Could you strengthen it by adding the administration route for each drug?" Brenner1 notes that praise should be sincere, but not overdone.
Perhaps the most important consideration when writing a query is to keep it as short as possible. Follow good writing principles: Use active voice and review each query to ensure it will be clear to the author. You edit the author, so be sure to edit yourself.
- Ask for a specific response.
Whenever possible, use questions that authors can answer "yes" to if they agree. For example: "OK to change percentage to match what you use in the first paragraph under results?"
If the decision is up to the author, say so. For example, "You may want to define …," or "Consider defining …." On the other hand, if something needs to change, say so, "Please define …"
Returning Queries: For Editors
When the editor returns the edited manuscript, the email should set a positive tone, help the author understand what they're receiving, and instruct them in how to respond. Here's an example:
Attached is your edited manuscript for review. Please check carefully to ensure your intended meaning hasn't been altered. You'll find queries that require your response. The text in question is highlighted in blue followed by blue queries addressed to AU (author). Please insert your responses directly in the text in a red font so they can be easily seen.
Please return the manuscript with your responses by October 15.
Thank you again for your submission. We know our readers will find the information on managing pain in older adults helpful to their practice. If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to ask.
Types of Editorial Queries: For Editors and Authors
Here are 6 types of queries, followed by examples from American Nurse Journal articles.2
These queries may relate to incomplete, incorrect, or missing information. Here are two examples:
- The Joint Commission. Root causes of maternal deaths & injuries. Available from: _URL_ //AU: Highlighted URL goes to "page not found." We're not able to find an alternative URL; can you provide another?//
- National Kidney Foundation. Immunosuppressant. 2017. org/atoz/content/immunosuppression //AU: This URL goes to a page titled "Care after kidney transplant." The copyright date on it is 2015. Is this the page intended?//
Authors may be familiar with terminology or phrasing that the journal's readers are not. For example:
With nearly half of healthcare staff reportedly experiencing violence in the workplace, organized mechanisms to address behavioral health emergencies in a trauma-informed manner //AU: I'm not sure readers will know what "trauma-informed manner" means. Please briefly define.// have never been more relevant.
Or, the context of a term may be unclear. For example:
Sharing HTN care responsibilities can be implemented as part of a multifaceted approach, with system support //AU: Please clarify what system support means in this context?// for clinical decision-making, collaborating, and monitoring.
Verification of editing changes
The editor may want to verify that the changes made don't affect the meaning of the text. For example:
Many patients fear side effects from ICSs and will not take them daily. Focus education on how ICSs reduce swelling in the lungs, leading to better symptom control and better quality of life. Many people mistake corticosteroid side effects for those of anabolic steroids. These medications differ, and side effects are not the same.
Many patients don't take ICSs as prescribed because they mistakenly believe these medications have the same side effects as anabolic steroids (hair loss, liver and kidney disease, increased aggression). To encourage adherence, explain the difference between the medications, focusing on how ICSs reduce swelling in the lungs, which leads to better symptom control and better quality of life. //AU: Edit OK?//
Editors may suggest additional text to clarify points. For example:
Multiple chronic conditions may compete for the patients' attention, and depression, social isolation, and financial challenges are common in older adults, making them less likely to engage in self-care. //AU: Addition OK?//
Or, an editor may request that the author provide additional text. Here are three examples:
- Focus your teaching on taking the medication as prescribed and preventing side effects. //AU: Please provide some specifics. What are some of the side effects? How are they prevented?//
- Help patients recognize situations that place them at risk for diverging from their dietary or physical activity goals (for example, having guests over for dinner, celebrating holidays, travelling) and how to use behavioral strategies //AU: Please share a few examples// to handle these circumstances.
- Current evidence-based guidelines //AU: Which guidelines are referred to here?// recommend including cardiac rehabilitation (rehab), but many patients with end-stage HF can't tolerate these activities.
The editor may ask the author to clarify text. Here are two examples:
- The first recognizable symptomatic stage of dementia is called mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which is characterized by subjective complaints of cognitive changes and objective deficits that are detectable during cognitive testing; everyday functioning remains mostly normal. MCI was operationalized //AU: What is meant by operationalized?// in sentinel articles by Petersen and is now widely regarded as a risk state for


Rules for Fortress
Family: Fortress
Categories: Thinker's
Variants: Chessboard, Beleaguered Castle, Streets and Alleys
Also Known As:
Fortress is one of a fascinating group of games in which no cards are ever hidden. The entire deck is laid out, face up and visible, at the start of the game.
Shuffle the deck and lay out all the cards in ten tableau piles. Each tableau pile fans sideways, with all cards face up and visible. Arrange the tableaus in two columns or "wings" of five piles each, one wing on the left and one on the right, with a vertical column of four foundations in between them. The top tableau of each wing starts with six cards; the others with five each. The foundations start out empty.
Top cards of tableaus are available for building on each other, either up or down in suit. Aces may be played to the foundations, which build up in suit. Empty tableau piles may be filled with any available card.
The goal is to move all the cards onto the foundations.
You should create and keep an empty tableau pile as soon as you can. Use it as a "way station" to move a build from its original pile to a third, destination pile. Peel the build off its original pile into the empty pile, then peel it off the empty pile and onto the destination pile.


text:
From Science Encyclopedia
A book is a collection of pages that display content of a certain topic either in picture form or by means of text, and sometimes even both. In Arab people read from right to left. American presidents read books upside down.
Books are best burned or censored because sometimes they contain ideas, or in the case of [Cazzo] avoided altogether


From Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Whoops! Maybe you were looking for Lego Bricks?
Whoops! Maybe you were looking for BIONICLE?
Just let me masturbate!!
~ Sexually frustrated teenage Lego person
For those without comedic tastes, the so-called experts at Wikipedia have an article very remotely related to LEGO.
LEGO is a play set, originally made in Denmark, that depicts the almost-perfect Communist society. Everything and everyone in this society looks and behaves almost exactly the same. The people are all very short, lack any type of genitalia and also lack any capability of free thought. As such, they are frequently mistaken for North Koreans. This confusion is not helped by the fact that they do not talk to foreigners. They also hate America (a fact which led them to assassinate JFK.) Furthermore, since their original creators were danes, all Lego people are programmed to hating Sweds.
edit A typical day in the life of a Lego
DFRLego 045
A typical Lego day involves Lego people driving around in various Lego vehicles made entirely out of Lego bricks, talking to each other in the street and then returning to their Lego home. They may also visit other Lego people in their Lego homes to sit down and chat. They do not have the ability to do anything that would actually be fun to a real person, like going to strip clubs, giving birth, and having sex.
edit Jobs
Lego people do have jobs, but they have to work all day and night at their job because they are permanently dressed in relation to the job (example: if a Lego person is a doctor then he/she wears a doctor's uniform but they cannot take it off, see below.)Furthermore, due to a severe condition only found among Lego people, they are unable to sleep(see below).
edit Fashion
They have a wide variety of fashions, however, they cannot take their clothes off because their clothes are fused to their bodies. If they were to change clothes, they would have to tear their bodies apart, effectively killing them. However, if they somehow do put their bodies back together, they will be reincarnated as a completely different person.
edit LSD
Lego Sleeping Disorder is a virus which tends to attack Lego people, Refugees and Marine soldiers on duty. It is quite simply the lack of chromosones and semen that prevents the brain from sleeping. Due to it's nature, their are two knows cures, of which the first the infected would have to be Chuck Norris, and the second would require you'd kill a virgin. The first of the cures is quite simply to steal chromosones using the electronegativity of the body to rip them off a person, with a weaker electronegativity, taking them to yourself. The second is the injection of sperm cells into the infected's Testicles, and as any European knows, virgins have the largest sperm count of all people, as they will generate 12 years of sperm cells before they begin releasing their seed. People infected with LSD who choose to live with the condition, either due to weakness (Pity Yo' Fool) or human morals (pffh), will often find themselves excluded from the world, as people believe them to be Twilight vampires (see Edward Cullen).
edit Lego Puberty
Puberty for Lego people is generally an extremely frustrating experience. Without even the free will to reach their crotch, male teenage Lego men suffer from extreme sexual frustration and boredom as they do not know how to fill 90% of their time. As a result, extensive sex education programmes have been campaigned for by the Rights Association for Things That Aren't Alive.
edit In women
Basically the same thing, except they cannot reach their vagina and cannot have sex.
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I have a SQL statement like the following:
const string sql = @"UPDATE PLATYPUS
ocmd.Parameters.Add("ListOfInts",??WhatNow??);
How can I provide the comma separated list of ints, which could be any (reasonable*) number of values
 - By "reasonable" in this case I mean between one and a couple dozen.
share|improve this question
why not stored the values in a string separated by comma? – Waqar Janjua Jul 16 '12 at 16:16
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6 Answers
up vote 6 down vote accepted
Try something like this:
ocmd.Parameters.Add("ListOfInts", String.Join(",",myList.ToArray());
The String.Join method takes all elements in an array and places the specified character between them.
share|improve this answer
Why was this accepted as the answer? You can't really do it this way. – Lasse V. Karlsen Jan 3 at 20:20
His question: How can I provide the comma separated list of ints... How does this not answer his question? – Abe Miessler Jan 3 at 21:23
Because the correct answer is: It can't be done this way! You can't provide a single parameter that will work in an IN clause with a string parameter. A table-valued parameter might work, a string parameter will not work. Now, I understand that you answered the question that was asked, but my point is that you need to answer the question that was implied: how to make this work. Answer: It can't. – Lasse V. Karlsen Jan 3 at 23:12
Alright, fair enough. – Abe Miessler Jan 3 at 23:17
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You can't, you have to create some helper function that replaces :ListOfInts with ( for example ) :I0,:I1,:I2... and pass the parameter by adding one by one in code. The function you want is gracefully emulated by Dapper.Net in its list support.
share|improve this answer
This answer is correct, as opposed to the accepted one and other 3-upvoted one. You can of course use a bunch of parameters, and inject those, basically getting an SQL like where id in (_USER_, _USER_, _USER_,...). Also there are Table-valued parameters now, but I don't know if/how they can be leveraged to actually use 1 parameter to specify the list of "IN"-values to match against. – Lasse V. Karlsen Jan 3 at 20:26
add comment
Use the Join method of string on the Array of Ints. You can mention comma as the seperator
List ints = new List();
string concatenatedIds= string.Join(",", ints.ToArray());
The output (value in concatenatedIds) will be 4,6,2. You can use that string as the parameter value for your IN clause
share|improve this answer
While this will add a parameter just fine, it will not work with an in (_USER_) clause in the SQL. Parameters doesn't work that way. Wishful thinking, I know, but no. – Lasse V. Karlsen Jan 3 at 20:27
add comment
I think the only possible solution is to pass comma-separated values, which you can convert to a table in SQL using a function. Here is the function I am using
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.CSVToList (_USER_ varchar(3000))
 RETURNS _USER_ TABLE (Value varchar(30))
 Value varchar(30)
 _USER_ varchar(30),
 _USER_ int
 SET _USER_ = LTRIM(RTRIM(_USER_))+ ','
 SET _USER_ = CHARINDEX(',', _USER_, 1)
 IF REPLACE(_USER_, ',', '') <> ''
 WHILE _USER_ > 0
 SET _USER_ = LTRIM(RTRIM(LEFT(_USER_, _USER_ - 1)))
 IF _USER_ <> ''
 INSERT INTO _USER_ (Value) VALUES (_USER_)
 SET _USER_ = RIGHT(_USER_, LEN(_USER_) - _USER_)
 INSERT _USER_
and you can use the following code (for example) to perform operations:
DECLARE _USER_ varchar(100)
SET _USER_ = '30,32,34,36,40'
 ProductID IN (SELECT * FROM dbo.CSVToLIst(_USER_))
I took the code from here: _URL_
Hope it helps.
share|improve this answer
I forgot to say that you have to use the String.join method to aggregate all values and then pass them as parameters to the SQL code. – Umar Jamil Jul 16 '12 at 16:14
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The best way to handle this is to keep the list in the database, such that you could write a select query to return the values in your list. The question is, how can you do this when the data originates at the client? Most of the time, this data is hand-picked by the user, one record at a time. In that case, you can use a table (think: "shopping cart") that adds records for the values one at a time, as the user selects them. If it's more of a batch job, you may want to use a BulkInsert process to create the records.
share|improve this answer
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You don't state which database you are using, but if it is SQL Server 2008+ you may also want to consider Table Valued Parameters.
For your example the added complexity may not be worthwhile, but they can be useful in other scenarios.
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Your Answer


Ball bearings are made by letting spherical drops of molten metalfall inside a tall tower -- called a shot tower -- andsolidify as they fall.
(a) If a bearing needs 5.0 s to solidify enough for impact, how high must thetower be?
1 m
(b) What is the bearing's impact velocity? (Take up to bepositive.)
2 m/s


text:
Icosahedral quasicrystalline (i-phase) Mg44Al15Zn41 and related Frank-Kasper (cubic approximant) phase powders, which were produced by mechanical alloying from the elemental powder mixture and subsequent heat treatment, respectively, have been hydrogenated with hydrogen gas at a temperature of 573 K and a hydrogen pressure of 4.2 MPa. The hydrogen solubility limit for both powders is almost the same and was estimated to be about 16 at%, and no crystallographic structural dependence was found for the hydrogen solubility. The approximant phase powder was structurally stable after hydrogenation but the i-phase powder decomposed into the approximant and MgZn2 intermetallic phases. Hydrogen desorption occurred at temperatures above about 600 K for both powders and was accompanied by the evaporation of zinc. The kinetics of the hydrogen desorption as well as the zinc evaporation were slightly different in each powder because of the formation of the MgZn2 phase in the i-phase powder after hydrogenation.
ASJC Scopus subject areas


text: 6.2.2 Laboratory Analysis Information Experience and Training 6.3.1 What? How? How Much? 6.3.2 What Is He Making? 6.3.3 How Is He Making It? 6.3.4 How Much …? 6.3.5 How Much Product? 6.3.6 How Much per Batch? 184.108.40.206 Equipment Limitations 220.127.116.11 Chemical Limitations 18.104.22.168 Reaction Limitations 6.3.7 How Much per Week? 22.214.171.124 Production with Available Chemicals Summary Testimony 7.1 7.2 Case Preparation Pretrial Conference 7.2.1 Educate the Attorney about Clandestine Drug Labs in General 7.2.2 Educate the Attorney about the Generalities of this Clandestine Drug Lab 7.2.3 Tell the Attorney what Indicates that a Clandestine Drug Lab Exists in this Instance 7.2.4 Tell the Attorney what Items Are Missing © 2004 by CRC Press LLC 7.2.5 7.3 7.4 7.5 8 Explosives Labs 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 9 Explain the Sampling Procedures that Were Used 7.2.6 Explain Chemical Disposal (if Used) 7.2.7 Outline Testimony 7.2.8 Discuss Visual Aids Testimony 7.3.1 Direct Testimony 7.3.2 Cross-Examination 7.3.3 Independent Expert Visual Aids 7.4.1 Simple 7.4.2 Easy to Read 7.4.3 Easy to Understand 7.4.4 Colorful 7.4.5 Types of Visual Aids 126.96.36.199 Photographs 188.8.131.52 Slides 184.108.40.206 Flip Charts and Overheads 220.127.116.11 Power Point Presentation 18.104.22.168 Evidence Exhibits 22.214.171.124 Combination of Visual Aids 126.96.36.199 Court Exhibits Summary Explosives Labs Operators and Manufacturers Regulation Scene Processing Procedures Summary Practical Applications and Examples Practical Example 1: Extraction Labs Practical Example 2: Extraction Labs Practical Example 3: Conversion Labs Practical Example 4: Conversion Labs Practical Example 5: Conversion Labs Practical Example 6: Synthesis and Extraction Practical Example 7: Distillation Practical Example 8: Distillation © 2004 by CRC Press LLC Practical Example 9: Distillation Practical Example 10: Extraction and Separation Practical Example 11: Filtration Practical Example 12: Mechanical Explosions Practical Example 13: Mechanical Explosions Practical Example 14: Vapor Explosions Practical Example 15: Compressed Gas Hazards Practical Example 16: Compressed Gas Hazards Practical Example 17: Compressed Gas Hazards Practical Example 18: Initial Crime Scene Evaluation Practical Example 19: Training and Experience Practical Example 20: Training and Experience Practical Example 21: Sampling Practical Application 1: Bottle Volume Estimates Practical Application 2: Flask Volume Estimates Practical Application 3: Separatory Funnel Volume Estimates Practical Application 4: Reaction Flask Volume Estimates Practical Example 22: Data Interpretation Practical Example 23: Data Interpretation Practical Example 24: Data Interpretation Practical Application 5: Dry Extractions Practical Application 6: Methamphetamine Extraction Practical Application 7: Methamphetamine Extraction Practical Application 8: Ephedrine/Pseudoephedrine Separation Practical Application 9: Methamphetamine By-Product Profile Extraction Practical Application 10: Quantitation Practical Application 11: Gravimetric Quantitation Practical Application 12: Serial Dilution Quantitation Practical Application 13: Mathematic Application of Serial Dilution Quantitation Practical Application 14: Single Standard Solution Practical Example 25: Opinions (Knowledge and Experience) Practical Example 26: Opinions (Knowledge and Experience) Practical Application 15: Opinions (Data Interpretation) Practical Application 16: Opinions (Data Interpretation) Practical Application 17: Opinions (Production Estimates) Practical Application 18: Opinions (Production Estimates, Multistep) Practical Application 19: Opinions (Per Batch Production Estimates) © 2004 by CRC Press LLC Practical Example 27: Testimony Practical Example 28: Testimony Appendix A Scientific Equipment Encountered at Clandestine Labs Reflux Variations Distillation Variations Hydrogenator Variations Vacuum Filtration Variations Extraction Equipment Variations Makeshift Ventilation Appendix B: Legitimate Use Table Appendix C: Drug Precursor/Reagent Table A Appendix C: Drug Precursor/Reagent Table B Appendix D: Reaction Mechanisms Appendix E: Chemical Hazards Appendix F: Toxicology Table Appendix G: Optical Properties of Inorganic Compounds Appendix H: Crystal Test Reagents Appendix I: Anion IR Absorbance Table Appendix J: Color Test Reagents Appendix K: Mass Spec Data of Reaction Mixture Components Appendix L: Extraction Procedures Extraction Solubility Guidelines Particle Picking Dry Extraction Dry Wash © 2004 by CRC Press LLC General Liquid/Liquid Extraction Procedure General Ion-Pairing Extraction Technique Appendix M: General Calculation Equations Geometric Shape Volumes Gravimetric Quantitation Solid Samples Liquid Samples Serial Dilution Quantitation Single Standard Solution Quantitation Production Estimates Appendix N: Conversion Factor Table Appendix O: List of Explosive Materials List of Explosive Materials Appendix P: Sphere Volume Estimates Appendix Q: Glossary Appendix R: Clandestine Drug Lab Reference Material General Information Amphetamine/Methamphetamine Phenylacetone MDA/MDMA Cathinone/Methcathinone Phencyclidine General Analysis Reagent Preparation Analysis and Detection of Explosives © 2004 by CRC Press LLC Basic Clandestine Drug Manufacture 1 Before a clandestine lab investigation can begin, the investigator must be able to recognize that such a lab exists. To do this, he must be familiar with the basic techniques used to produce controlled substances. Provided in this chapter is information concerning basic manufacturing techniques used by clandestine lab operators. Legitimate sources of chemicals and equipment will be used in the explanations, followed by examples of underground alternatives. Clandestine labs come in a variety of shapes and sizes; their sophistication is limited only by the education and imagination of the operator. Complicated equipment and exotic chemicals are not required to manufacture drugs of abuse or explosives (controlled substances). Most of the equipment and chemicals found in a lab have legitimate uses and can be obtained from a variety of legitimate retail outlets. Therefore, the forensic clandestine lab investigator must be able to recognize the combinations of equipment and chemicals that are used to manufacture controlled substances and to determine whether the combination is coincidental or intentional. A clandestine laboratory is literally a secret room or building equipped for scientific research or manufacture. Clandestine labs may not be illegal. The substances they produce and the act of manufacturing them is what may be controlled. Webster's Dictionary defines manufacturing as "…the act of making goods, by hand or machinery." The legal definition of manufacturing is different. The Code of Federal Regulations (21 CFR 1300.01) defines manufacture as "… the producing, preparing, propagating, compounding or processing of a drug or other substance or the packaging or repackaging of such substance or labeling or relabeling of the commercial container of such…" This definition relates more directly to the production of drugs of abuse and © 2004 by CRC Press LLC is applicable in one form or another throughout the United States. Investigators should compare the federal definition with their local statutes and consult with district attorneys responsible for prosecuting clandestine labs about any differences. The legal definition includes acts of packaging and labeling that are not normally associated with the "making of goods." The acts of preparing the final product for distribution or sale expand the perception of laboratory operations from the traditional mixing and extracting of chemicals. Under this definition, the mirror act of making little ones out of big ones is the same as making the big ones to begin with. Many criminal statutes dealing with the manufacture of controlled substances state that the possession of chemicals and equipment for the purpose of manufacturing a controlled substance is illegal. The statute may not specify that all of the equipment and chemicals must be present, only that a combination exist that is sufficient for a reasonable person to believe that a manufacturing operation exists. Other statutes may require all of the components of the operation to be present. Either situation places the burden of demonstrating how the different components can be utilized to manufacture a controlled substance on the government. Understanding the different manufacturing processes will allow the investigator or prosecutor to differentiate and articulate how the presence of cold medications, rubbing alcohol, coffee filters, and glass jars can be legitimately present in one situation and yet be used in a clandestine lab that manufactures a controlled substance in another. The manufacture of explosives is a slightly different issue. The simple possession of explosives is not regulated to the extent drugs are. Explosives have a wide range of legitimate applications. However, for public safety reasons, the manufacture, distribution, and storage of explosives is regulated. In the interest of public safety, the U.S. government regulates the importation, manufacture, distribution, and storage of explosive material through 27 CFR 55 and Chapter 40 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 USC 40). As with the drug laws, there may be additional restrictions on the possession, manufacture, distribution, and storage of explosives or explosive material that are enacted by state and local statutes. 1.1 Lab Operators There are three distinct categories of clandestine lab operators:


text:
The Invisible Plane was Wonder Woman's primary mode of transportation for long distance travel.
Wonder Woman's first plane was a product of the Lansinarian Morphing Disk, gifted to her by the Lansinarians. The subterranean technology could transform into a number of transparent items, and both Diana and Hippolyta used it to create a plane during their tenures as Wonder Woman. The disc eventually lost sentience, and was locked in plane shape. It was, however, nonfunctioning.
- Invisible missiles
- In Wonder Woman '77 Meets the Bionic Woman, Diana refers to the plane in the female, using the pronoun "she".
- Appearances of Wonder Woman's Invisible Plane
- Vehicle Gallery: Wonder Woman's Invisible Plane
- Catalogued images related to Wonder Woman's Invisible Plane


text:
- For Teachers
How much it is common?
Do Americans understand what it means?
This is very common in UK and Raymott is correct
It's not a word I'm familiar with, and I'm a lifelong American from the Midwest.
I've never heard this either. Is it common in the UK? A "bog" is a marshy place you grow cranberries. Is it a toilet in the UK? In Australia?
I'm not a teacher, but I write for a living. Please don't ask me about 2nd conditionals, but I'm a safe bet for what reads well in (American) English.
'The bog(s)' was a common word for the lavatories among boys when I was at school in the fifties and sixties; bogroll was provided, if one was lucky. It was still being used by schoolboys in the nineties; I don't know if it is common today.
Context is important. Please provide enough for us to be able to deal effectively with your question.
Your thread title should include all or part of the word/phrase being discussed.
If you just want to know the meaning of a word, try OneLook Dictionary Search first.
Born and raised in USA, never heard this.


Chemistry Department
Chemistry Education Graduate Program
Why pursue a Master of Science in Secondary Education at Missouri State?
The Master of Science in Education-Secondary Education (MSEd) program, provides you with the opportunity to expand on your chemistry knowledge while improving your teaching practices. The chemistry education graduate program offers you a deeper understanding of the relationship between science and education in a controlled environment for exceptional learning, practice and research. You will also gain valuable classroom skills and training while working in the state-of-the-art lab classroom at the Greenwood Laboratory School.
Teaching chemistry and beyond
A degree in chemistry education provides the necessary skills and abilities for a variety of careers beyond secondary education settings. Upon receiving your degree in chemistry education, you may pursue a career teaching chemistry at the secondary or college level, work for the federal government or pursue a career in health care, public relations or in research.
Missouri State Career Center