text:
What is lindane?
Healthcare vs. Agricultural Uses
In the 1940s, lindane was registered with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) for agricultural use, and in 1951 it was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for medical use in the treatment of scabies, head lice and pubic lice (crabs).1,2 Comparatively, more than 99% of all lindane sold in the U.S. has been for agricultural purposes.3 (See 2006 EPA RED on Agricultural Lindane)
<1% of lindane use in the U.S. has been for medical purposes3
Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) exists as eight (8) distinct forms, or isomers4
Lindane belongs to a group of related compounds described chemically as hexachlorocyclohexanes, or HCH. There are several different forms (or isomers) of HCH. Lindane is the gamma form.
- Isomers are variations of a single molecule that share the same chemical formula, but have different three-dimensional structures
- Because of their different structures, each isomer of HCH has different chemical properties and different safety profiles
The most relevant forms of HCH to public health and the environment include:3
- Gamma-HCH (i.e., lindane)
Lindane should not be mistaken for other forms of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH)
It is important to distinguish gamma-HCH (i.e., lindane) from other forms of HCH, since some of the environmental and health claims made about lindane by those wishing to ban its use may, in fact, apply primarily or exclusively to non-gamma forms.
Alphaand beta-HCH are the most toxic forms
- Alphaand beta-HCH are notably the more toxic isomers and are the dominant forms found in the environment3,5
- Alphaand beta-HCH are also the most common forms of HCH found in animal and human tissues and fluids3,5
- Lindane (i.e., gamma-HCH) is the only isomer with insecticidal activity3; alphaand beta-HCH provide no value to agriculture or healthcare
Lindane medications contain pharmaceutical-grade gamma-HCH
- Lindane medications have always been formulated with pharmaceutical-grade lindane—a highly purified form of gamma-HCH
- Technical-grade HCH—a mixture of alpha-HCH (60%–70%), beta-HCH (5%–12%), and gamma-HCH (10%–15%)—was used agriculturally in the U.S. until 1978 but is still used in other parts of the world3
- Technical-grade HCH has never been used in medicine
Occupational exposure and patient safety are different issues
Occupational exposure to lindane is a separate issue from exposure resulting from approved medical uses. Occupational exposure relates to agricultural use of lindane and chronic exposure of farm workers who handle seeds pre-treated with agricultural-grade lindane, or those working in seed-treatment facilities. A major focus of the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) assessment of lindane safety has related to agricultural uses and occupational exposure.2 (See 2006 EPA RED on Agricultural Lindane)
Occupational exposure vs. medical application:
- Occupational exposure to lindane poses different risks of potentially greater concern, since workers may be exposed to high and persistent concentrations of lindane2,6
- In contrast, lindane medications are applied in relatively small amounts and in low concentration, typically as one-time treatments7,8
- Moreover, there are no health benefits that result from occupational exposure to lindane2
- FDA Lindane Assessment Memorandum:6
"This risk of occupational/environmental exposure should be assessed separately and independent of the risk related to the therapeutic use of a medication to treat a medical condition where there is direct benefit to the patient"
The FDA and the EPA have affirmed the safety of lindane medications
Since their introduction to the U.S. healthcare market in 1951, lindane medications have undergone repeated and comprehensive reviews by medical and scientific subject matter experts working with the FDA and the EPA. Consistently, expert reviewers have concluded that lindane medications do not pose a significant risk to public health or public safety when used as currently labeled.2,6
Lindane Lotion, 1% USP is FDA approved for the treatment of scabies; Lindane Shampoo, 1% USP is FDA approved for the treatment of head lice and pubic lice (crabs). Both prescription medications are indicated second line, meaning they are used when other first-line medications have failed or cannot be tolerated.7,8
- Regulatory Viewpoints on Lindane Medications
Please See Important Safety Information
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). FDA Public Health Advisory: Safety of Topical Lindane Products for the Treatment of Scabies and Lice. March 28, 2003. Available at: _URL_
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Lindane Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED). 2002. Available at: _URL_
- Commission for Environmental Cooperation. The North American Regional Action Plan (NARAP) on Lindane and Other Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) Isomers. 2005. _URL_
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Public Health Statement for Hexachlorocyclohexane. 2005. Available at: _URL_
- Commission for Environmental Cooperation. Decision Document on Lindane Under the Process for Identifying Candidate Substances for Regional Action Under the Sound Management of Chemicals Initiative. April 19, 2000. Available at: _URL_
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Lindane Assessment Memorandum. Posted 2003. Available at: _URL_
- Lindane lotion, USP, 1% prescribing information. Updated March 28, 2003. Available at: _URL_
- Lindane shampoo, USP, 1% prescribing information. Updated March 28, 2003. Available at: _URL_


text:
Though never saw it on screen the Drone ship was supposedly an adapted warbird. But what does the normal warbird look like?
First lets look at the Drone ship:
Let's logically assume the green fins, and holographic pins are the modifications that leaves the black shape below as the main body of the warbird. What do you think? i know the drone ship was a reuse of the Flea ship from Voyager but it's the only thing we have. their must have been at least a proto-warbird class in the 22nd century.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


An introduction to mechanized reasoning
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
Colleges, School and Institutes
Mechanized reasoning uses computers to verify proofs and to help discover new theorems. Computer scientists have applied mechanized reasoning to economic problems but–to date–this work has not yet been properly presented in economics journals. We introduce mechanized reasoning to economists in three ways. First, we introduce mechanized reasoning in general, describing both the techniques and their successful applications. Second, we explain how mechanized reasoning has been applied to economic problems, concentrating on the two domains that have attracted the most attention: social choice theory and auction theory. Finally, we present a detailed example of mechanized reasoning in practice by means of a proof of Vickrey's familiar theorem on second-price auctions.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)26-39
Number of pages14
JournalJournal of Mathematical Economics
Early online date18 Jul 2016
Publication statusPublished - Oct 2016
 - mechanized reasoning, formal methods, social choice theory, auction theory


2.13.4 Rebuilding or Repairing Tables or Indexes
This section describes how to rebuild a table. This can be necessitated by changes to MySQL such as how data types are handled or changes to character set handling. For example, an error in a collation might have been corrected, necessitating a table rebuild to update the indexes for character columns that use the collation. (For examples, see Section 2.13.3, "Checking Whether Tables or Indexes Must Be Rebuilt".) It might also be that a table repair or upgrade should be done as indicated by a table check operation such as that performed by CHECK TABLE, mysqlcheck, or mysql_upgrade.
Methods for rebuilding a table include dumping and reloading it, or using ALTER TABLE or REPAIR TABLE.
shell> mysqldump db_name t1 > dump.sql
shell> mysql db_name < dump.sql
shell> mysqldump db_name > dump.sql
shell> mysql db_name < dump.sql
shell> mysqldump --all-databases > dump.sql
shell> mysql < dump.sql
To rebuild a table with ALTER TABLE, use a null alteration; that is, an ALTER TABLE statement that changes the table to use the storage engine that it already has. For example, if t1 is a MyISAM table, use this statement:
If you must rebuild a table because a table checking operation indicates that the table is corrupt or needs an upgrade, you can use REPAIR TABLE if that statement supports the table's storage engine. For example, to repair a MyISAM table, use this statement:
mysql> REPAIR TABLE t1;
For storage engines such as InnoDB that REPAIR TABLE does not support, use mysqldump to create a dump file and mysql to reload the file, as described earlier.
For specifics about which storage engines REPAIR TABLE supports, see Section, "REPAIR TABLE Syntax".
shell> mysqlcheck --repair --databases db_name...
shell> mysqlcheck --repair --all-databases
For incompatibilities introduced in MySQL 5.1.24 by the fix for Bug #27877 that corrected the utf8_general_ci and ucs2_general_ci collations, a workaround is implemented as of MySQL 5.1.62, 5.5.21, and 5.6.5. Upgrade to one of those versions, then convert each affected table using one of the following methods. In each case, the workaround altering affected columns to use the utf8_general_mysql500_ci and ucs2_general_mysql500_ci collations, which preserve the original pre-5.1.24 ordering of utf8_general_ci and ucs2_general_ci.


text:
The long awaited reporting section is now being worked on. This is going to be massive and we hope to improve it with future updates. The idea is to keep it simple for now, but still providing massive calculating power to number-crunch all your financial data.
The design incorporates a Financials summary:
- Payments: including the number of payment entries and total payment earnings. Note: payments are basically manual payment entries.
- Invoices: including the number of invoice entries, the number of outstanding invoices and their total, the number of paid invoices and their total, and the grand total of all invoice earnings for both outstanding and paid.
- We have included a filter that allows you to show a custom or predefined date range.
- Earnings show the grand total of all payments and invoice earnings.
We have included a Student financials table that provides more details on a per-student-basis. This can be handy to see all of your students financial records in one place. This includes: the student name, payment earnings, the last payment, invoice earnings, outstanding payments, last invoice and a grand total of payments and invoice earnings. Again this is filterable via a custom or predefined date range.


text:
You will get task manager disabled message in following two circumstances:
1. When you right click on task bar
2. When you run taskmgr.exe manually
So, why does this message comes?
There can be mainly two reasons:
1. Administrator disabled it manually.
2. Your computer might be affected by virus/malware.
If computer is affected by a virus, run an up-to-date anti virus scanner that will find out infected files if there are any.
After scanning for viruses, you can go through following process for enabling task managerFor Windows XP Professional Users:
If you have Windows XP Professional, Click Start, then click Run and type in gpedit.msc:
And press OK. This runs the Group Policy Editor.
Once in the Group Policy Editor, expand in turn:
- User Configuration
- Administrative Templates
- Ctrl+Alt+Del Options
You should see something much like this:
Double click on Remove Task Manager to change its setting:
It should be enough to click on Not Configured and then OK and Task Manager is available once again.
Note: This post helps to enable task manager in Windows Vista/ XP using Group policy/gpedit.
To know how to enable task manager in Windows Vista/ XP using Registry/regedit CLICK HERE.


Account Factory - provision AWS Accounts
Account Factory provision aws accounts
What is an Account Factory?
The Account Factory is a solution to manage account creation and bootstrapping in a scalable and efficient manner so that new accounts are created with a defined baseline and governance guardrails are in place. If you want to get your hands dirty with an Account Factory - you can take a look at this workshop.
Why should I use a Account Factory?
 1. ⚙ Equivalent process for every account
 2. 💸 Save time and resources
 3. 🔐 Secure and well-architected accounts
 4. 📜 Documented process
 5. 🔌 Native integration to your ticket system like Jira - ServiceNow; this means that internal approval processes can be used to trigger the Account provisioning
 6. 🚀 Ready to use accounts in minutes
What solutions are outside for account provisioning?
If you use the Control Tower for your Landing Zone it's coming already with an Account Factory - there's also already existent solutions to customize the Account Factory to your needs. Even if you use the official landing zone solution there are some examples of Account vending machines on github.
What steps are part of an account factory?
 1. Creation of a new AWS Account - the first part of the Account Factory is to provision a new Account, the solution is using the organizations API for that.
 💡 Activate IamUserAccessToBilling - othwerwise only the root user of the new account can access account billing information.
 1. Deploy the baseline template to new AWS Accounts - regardless of whether you want to provide resources via API / CDK, StackSets or CodePipeline, you need a role that you can assume in the new account, so we need an AccountBaseline that includes a role with trust for the management or automation account.
 1. Remove default VPC - A default VPC is suitable for getting started quickly - not for production workloads.
 1. Deploy security baseline and other customized ressources - this step includes eg.: the activation of GuardDuty, Config, CloudTrail - if you dont use the Organizational Trail, creation of own VPC, security notification service etc. You can use StackSets or CodePipeline for that. It would make sense to separate the configuration which stacks /resources you want to activate from the actual Account Factory. 💡 You can for example use SSM Parameter Store for that - You could also think of using different configs for services, which are deployed in to new accounts or not depending on the selection in the Account Factory.
 1. Optional:
 - Use support case API to activate enterprise Account in the new Account.
 - Activate root MFA automatically.
 1. Move new Account to desired organizional unit. According to best practices, it is recommend to structure your accounts in an organization and assign scps to organizational units. Since SCPs can cause problems when providing a new account, I recommend to move the new accounts at the end of the Account Factory to the corresponding unit.
 1. Send status mail or slack / teams message. In order to get a status overview of the new Account, you should think of collecting information while the Account Factory is running and send them as a message to the new Account owner or governance at scale team.
Account Factory Example Architecture
Account Factory Example Architecture
Creating and managing Accounts in AWS
Best Practice for creating and managing Accounts in AWS
Feb 7th 2021
David Krohn
Detect noncompliant Lambda runtimes in your environment
Use AWS Config Rules to detect noncompliant Lambda runtimes
Jan 19th 2021
David Krohn
Tasks that require root user
It is AWS best practice to not use the root user. However, there are certain Tasks which requires root credentials.
Oct 22nd 2020
David Krohn


text:
Allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of different organs of three sunflower cultivars on germination of radish
Keywords:allelopathy, initial growth, Raphanus sativus, Helianthus annuus
This study aimed to evaluate the allelopathic potential of aqueous extracts of different organs of three sunflower cultivars on the germination and initial development of radish. The study was conducted in a Laboratory of Plant Physiology of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil. The design was completely randomized in a three-factor scheme with four replications. The first factor consisted of three sunflower cultivars: Olisun 3, Olisun 5, and Aguará 6. The second factor consisted of different organs: leaves, stems, and roots. The third factor consisted of the extracts concentrations: 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%. The experimental unit (EU) used was gearboxes with two sheets of germitest paper that were moistened with the extracts. The EUs were placed in BOD germination chamber at 25 °C. Daily count of germinated seeds was performed. The radicle length and hypocotyl were measured on the 10th day. The variables analyzed included germination (G); germination speed index (GSI); radicle length (RL); and hypocotyl length (HL). Sunflowers have allelopathic potential on the radish. The extract concentration of 75% of all organs and cultivars were sufficient to significantly reduce the variables. The allelopathic activity differs between organs (leaves, stems, and roots) and sunflower cultivars. The amount of allelopathic effects vary in the order of root, stem, and then leaf. Extracts from the roots showed the greatest allelopathic effect on germination and initial development on the radish; however, this depends on the cultivar used. Field studies should be performed to verify such allelopathic activities.
How to Cite
Copyright (c) 2018 Carlos Alberto Gonsiorkiewicz Rigon, Adriana Tourinho Salamoni, Adalin Cezar Morais de Aguiar, Luan Cutti
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.


text:
Park Ranger Larry Beane will present Archeology of Little River Canyon at the Little River Canyon Center on Dec. 8, 2012 from 10 a.m. to 11 am. Experience the activities of eons of time by trying your hand at the atlatl spears and pump drill! People left evidence of their visits and occupations in the park for thousands of years. The park has connections to World War II, Civilian Conservation Corps, liquor stills of the prohibition days, Trail of Tears, and all the periods of prehistoric Native Americans. Studies in the park have revealed clues to the human record. Replicas and pictures in the presentation reveal what life was like in the park. National Park regulations and the legislation creating the preserve require the park to preserve and interpret this archeology. The park is required to study areas having ground disturbance in order to prevent damage to the history hidden in the ground. Waterlines, trail projects, parking lots and picnic areas revealed some of the best clues to our past. When these objects are analyzed in relation to other objects, they present a clearer picture of the past. Please leave artifacts where they are so they can be properly documented before they are moved. "All sites are protected. It is illegal to disturb them." Ranger Beane said. The National Park Service requires detailed plans and research designs before issuing permits to professional archeologists. These objects belong to all of us. The park service maintains collections to prove the stories and allow research for generations to come.During a historic document search archeologists discovered that the Cherokee Trail of Tears routes from Fort Likens and Fort Lovell passed through the park. The archeologist referred to Gail King's extensive 600 page document in the report. This extensive document covers the Trail of Tears routes in Alabama and was published in 2009. Park staff were previously unaware of these routes. Beane said "We suspected that some removal routes passed through the park. This research provided the evidence of a 175 year old legacy to the Cherokees and Muscogee Creeks who were removed from the area." Park Superintendent Gail Bishop invites the public for this special free event. For information, call the _PHONE_. Follow our updates and find park pictures on Facebook at "lirinps."
Centre Fire Department will conduct its annual Christmas toy drive through Dec. 14. Unwrapped toys can be dropped off at several locations around Centre or at the fire station Monday through Friday, from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. All donations will benefit children in Cherokee County through the Nettie Brown Clearinghouse and other local charities. For more information, call _PHONE_.
The 21st Century Program in partnership with the Humane Society in Cedar Bluff is collecting items for animals in the shelter through Dec. 17. Donations can be dropped off at Centre Elementary School or sent with a student. For more information call Kelly Hopper at _PHONE_ or send email to _EMAIL_.
The Cherokee County Public Library has on ongoing book sale. Get paperbacks for as little as a dime and hardbacks for as little as 50 cents or $1. The library is open today from 8 a.m. until noon. Call the library at _PHONE_ for further information.
In high school basketball action, Cedar Bluff plays at Gaston beginning at 2 p.m.
Sunday, Dec. 9
The Centre First Baptist Church contemporary worship service, "Impact" begins at 8:30 a.m.
The Edge, a contemporary worship service that welcomes each person as he or she is and challenges us all to grow together in our faith in Jesus Christ, meets at 8:45 a.m. at Centre First United Methodist Church.
Blanche Methodist Church, 145 County Road 15, is having a Christmas Singing, Dec. 9, at 2 p.m. Special singers will be The Baileys from Sand Rock. Pastor Alan Copeland and members invite everyone to attend. For more information, call _PHONE_.
Sand Rock Church of Christ, 3633 Alabama Highway 68 W, is having its Third Annual Gingerbread Party, Dec. 9, 2 to 4 p.m. this is a fun time for children and youth of all ages to decorate Gingerbread houses. For more information, call _PHONE_.
Little River Baptist Church on Highway 273 invites everyone to its Christmas Play, "The Christmas Shoes", Dec. 9, at 5 p.m.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
death metal underground
The Ultimate Death Metal Resource
Death Metal Search Engine
Dismember - Like an Ever-Flowing Stream...
Review: Swedish death metal became famous for its phrases of destruction interrupted by thunderous recursion, ripping themselves apart in unfolding conclusion, alternated with racing formations of fast-strummed chords flowing liquid and rhythmic like the energies that replenish life and bring the sudden violence of death.
Dismember accentuate these qualities and build simple pieces into epics through emphasis on the release from order to deconstruction, layering driftlike afterimage guitars on the obscure fast and simple riffs blasted out in syncopation with a riveted structure of vibrations supporting the entire expression in a simultaneous chain of organic events in precision correspondence to a greater event. Songs are usually a permutation of a verse-chorus infrastructure, broken into subsections and riff-salad variants to avoid the simple ratcheting loop of that contrast, held together in the basic rhythm of the drums while guitars synchronize their rhythms closer to the brutal beating that death deserves.
Vast openings peel away levels of song and reduce simple concepts to epic importance, having ritual placement within the essence of a song. The composition of each riff takes the stream of logic that power chords provide and breaks it into rhythmic components of demise, each taking the scale apart or blasting it out in a rhythm to bend its shape: conformity of the basic to a larger and aesthetically different idea, a rearrangement toward an apocalypse where the patterns of life with be dissassembled in destruction and then the pieces recontextualized with new functions in a darker universe.
Differences in tonal motion within the chords are purely a matter of relative direction, the vectors of the syncopated motion of life put into similar patterns in energetic, vitalizing, aggressive music of survival in a postapocalyptic herd. In grim championship of destruction Dismember delight in switching their rhythms from simple walk-beats supporting informative ragged chants of verse to blasting racetrack demonisms and then closing on a blast; solos are sometimes scissoring streams of chords overlaid in somewhat chaotic arrangements creating simple melody in the mysterious harmony and yet wistful dissonance, drifting into a potential-less twist of a note, gesturing toward a direction unfound before the closure of despair.
Emerging from the past toward a future of potential design this music is a hybrid of heavy metal angst and death metal practicality and emotion, forming from explosively collisive chord structures an inner beauty and sonority through the harmonizing affinity of distorted sound shaped into melody. As a result, this music has in itself an elusive passage of transcendence in which it is forever from the mud reaching toward the stars.


text:
SCICEX: The Science Ice Exercise
The Science Ice Exercise (SCICEX) program is a collaboration between the U.S. Navy and the marine research community to utilize nuclear-powered submarines for the study of the Arctic Ocean. Unlike surface ships, submarines have the unique and valuable ability to operate and take measurements regardless of sea ice cover and weather conditions. The goal of the program is to acquire comprehensive data about Arctic sea ice, water properties, and bathymetry.
SCICEX is important because it adds critical pieces to the overall information needed to analyze sea ice and ocean dynamics - ice thickness and bathymetry data in particular but also chemical, biological, and physical oceanographic data. With the success of the initial project in 1993, the U.S. Navy and the National Science Foundation (NSF) signed a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) in 1994 that called for five more dedicated SCICEX missions. The dedicated SCICEX cruises occurred in 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999.
In October of 1998, due in large part to a drastic reduction in the size of the nuclear submarine fleet, the U.S. Navy announced that they could no longer facilitate the dedicated missions. In an effort to try and continue the SCICEX program, the Navy and the science community agreed upon shorter duration missions that included data collection for science but did not include civilian scientists on board the submarines. These were coined Science Accommodation Missions (SAMs). To date, four SAMs have been completed in 2000, 2001, 2003, and 2005. More routine opportunities to collect SCICEX data during SAMs are expected.


text:
Tydskrif vir Letterkunde
versión impresa ISSN 0041-476X
DEDEREN, Jean-Marie. Between women: the subtle voice of femininity in children's stories. Tydskr. letterkd. [online]. 2012, vol.49, n.2, pp. 72-88. ISSN 0041-476X.
The purpose of this essay is to illustrate and explore the representation of women in a selection of eight African children's stories from Vhembe, in the Limpopo Province. The discussion is shaped primarily by the shared knowledge of the female elders who provided the narratives and participated in their analysis. The argument put forward is plain and simple: storytelling is one of many stratagems by means of which rural women-far from being passive spectators, nor willing consumers of a patriarchal world view-have created an autonomous physical and symbolic space for themselves, in opposition to the "stronger sex". By combining anthropological analysis with indigenous exegesis, it was established that some of the selected narratives reveal the voices of women's "protest", the nature of which is subtle and understated rather than rebellious or subversive.
Palabras llave : children's stories; feminine discourse; rural women's narratives; Vhembe region; women's protest.


text:
A methodology for topside design and integration in preliminary warship design
This thesis investigates warship topside design and integration and proposes a methodology that provides, during the preliminary design stages, an enhanced topside design capability above that currently available. The feasibility of such a system is demonstrated through a number of individual investigations and ship design studies for both conventional and unconventional naval vessels. A recommended implementation of the methodology, integrating it with the recently produced layout system, is proposed as the way forward. Topside design is a complex task resulting from the requirement to locate all the necessary equipment on the weatherdeck and superstructure of a warship whilst minimising interactions. The current tools and design methodologies fail to cohesively address design issues at the concept stage. This is often due to the specialist nature of the analyses, which require detailed definitions only available later in the design process as well as expert knowledge in the application of the techniques. The proposed methodology provides guidance as different design solutions are developed and evaluated, allowing earlier identification of potential problems. It operates in an 'open' manner providing the naval architect with the flexibility to investigate and analyse the design as it evolves without dictating design decisions or requiring expert application knowledge. The major issues that need to be considered during preliminary warship design are discussed. Current design methods and the shortfalls associated with each of them are considered. A methodology is outlined detailing the principles that are applicable and the important components and characteristics of any solution identified. The major aspects in topside integration are investigated and design tools proposed and evaluated. A framework for the integration of these tools is developed which is suitable for implementation using current computer technology. The suitability of this framework to incorporate other less complex but important topside design issues is evaluated and appropriate techniques identified.


- Concentrations of Iron, Copper, Nickel, and Zinc in Rae's Creek
 Bridgers, Aerial; Department of Chemistry & Physics; Klug, Christopher; Augusta University (2019-02-13)
 Heavy metals can enter water systems through a variety of methods, such as through soil run-off, rain, or industrial activity near the system. Many of these heavy metals are toxic to both the wildlife and people around the system if present in high enough concentrations. The aim of this research was to create a model for a local water system, Rae's Creek, outlining the concentrations of iron, copper, nickel, and zinc present throughout a seven-month period. Additionally, this research sought to pinpoint any correlation between increases in metal concentrations and outside events, such as rain or the Master's Tournament held yearly in Augusta. Results indicated that copper and zinc concentrations were well above guidelines set for recreational water quality by the Environmental Protection Agency, while iron and nickel concentrations were generally below the limitations set for their concentrations. While rain had no observed effect on the heavy metal concentrations, there are two specific dates where all four metals had a marked increase in concentration. However, it is inconclusive as to what caused this increase.


text:
How to Make Mushroom Soil
Mushroom soil is a rich compost used in cultivating mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus). Every grower has a different recipe for the compost. Mushroom soil is also beneficial in the garden to add nutrients and organic material to ordinary soil. A small amount goes a long way; one cubic yard of mushroom soil will cover 100 square feet of garden.
The first ingredients are 5 pounds each finely ground corncobs and straw in a compost bin. Forming a tight mound or rectangle will ensure the 160 degrees Fahrenheit needed to break down organic material and destroy weed seeds or pathogens. The compost needs to be mixed well and given enough water to be damp with each addition. After four or five days, add 1 pound of leaf mold or peat moss and 1 pound of cottonseed, canola or soybean meal to the compost bin and allow it to stand five or six days. The final ingredients are 1/2 pound each potash and gypsum. A week to 10 days later, the result should be dark brown, light and crumbly in texture and smell earthy. If the soil is wet, smells rotten or has large clumps of material, it needs another week of composting.
Crafting and creative projects have been part of Heidi Grover's life since she was old enough to reach the glue and glitter. Grover received a degree in creative writing from Utah Valley University and combines her love of crafting with her love of words.


text:
Accession Number : ADA332301
Title : Indenter Geometry Effects on the Measurement of Mechanical Properties by Nanaindentation with Sharp Indenters
Corporate Author : RICE UNIV HOUSTON TX DEPT OF MATERIALSSCIENCE
Personal Author(s) : Tsui, T. Y. ; Oliver, W. C. ; Pharr, G. M.
PDF Url : ADA332301
Report Date : 1996
Pagination or Media Count : 8
Abstract : The measurement of mechanical properties by nanoindentation methods is most often conducted using indenters with the Berkovich geometry (a triangular pyramid) or with a sphere. These indenters provide a wealth of information but there are certain circumstances in which it would he useful to make measurements with indenters of other geometries. We have recently explored how the measurement of hardness and elastic modulus can be achieved using sharp indenters other than the Berkovich. Systematic studies in several materials were conducted with a Vickers indenter, a conical indenter with a half-included tip angle of 70.3 deg, and the standard Berkovich indenter. All three indenters are geometrically similar and have nominally the same area-to-depth relationship. but there are distinct differences in the behavior of each. Here, we report on the application of these indenters in the measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by nanoindentation methods and some that the difficulties that occur.
Descriptors : *MODULUS OF ELASTICITY, *HARDNESS, DEFORMATION, MICROMECHANICS.
Subject Categories : Mechanics
Distribution Statement : APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE


Prisoner Zero
Prisoner Zero
Prisoner Zero
First Seen In:
The Eleventh Hour
Day of the Moon
Prisoner Zero
Main Actor:
Olivia Colman
Main Voice Actor:
William Wilde
Other Actors:
Marcello Magni
Matt Smith
Caitlin Blackwood
Eden Monteath
Merin Monteath
click on images to enlarge
Prisoner Zero was a multi-form shape-shifting alien, held prisoner by the Atraxi for certain crimes. He escaped to Earth when the TARDIS explosion caused cracks throughout time and space, hiding in an extra room of Amelia Pond's home for twelve years until he was tricked into revealing himself by the freshly regenerated Eleventh Doctor and recaptured by his jailers to be executed. Before being taken away, he warned The Doctor against the Silence.
In 1996, Prisoner Zero was a captive in an Atraxi extra-dimensional prison. When a crack in the universe opened into Amelia Pond's bedroom wall, Prisoner Zero escaped through to Amelia's house in Leadworth. It hid in a room in Amelia's house, placing a perception filter on the room's door so it would not be found. It hid on Earth for twelve years, watching Amelia grow up. It sometimes ventured into the village, posing as comatose people in Royal Leadworth Hospital whom it had established a psychic link with, a process that took months. If the person it was copying was dreaming about having someone else with them, Prisoner Zero would appear to be multiple lifeforms touching each other. It was actually one creature with many limbs and orifices.
The forms it took were of comatose people. In 2008, Rory Williams, who worked at the hospital as a nurse, took pictures of them with his mobile phone, knowing the people he saw shouldn't be up and about. It was during this time that Prisoner Zero established a psychic link with Amelia (later Amy) Pond.
The Eleventh Doctor belatedly returned to Amelia's house to save her from the multi-form. After Amy had seen its natural form, Prisoner Zero took a shape-shifted form but was confused as to which voice to use for each form. The Atraxi, who had followed The Doctor, broadcasted a global warning that they would incinerate "the human residence", Earth, if Prisoner Zero did not surrender. After escaping from Prisoner Zero, The Doctor and Amy went into the village square, where residents of Leadworth were taking pictures of the Sun, obscured because the Atraxi had put a force field around the Earth. The Doctor noticed that Rory was facing the other way, taking a picture of Prisoner Zero, who was disguised as a man with a dog. The Doctor attempted to draw the Atraxi to Prisoner Zero by overloading all the electrical devices in the surrounding area with his extraterrestrial sonic screwdriver, but the screwdriver burnt out and Prisoner Zero escaped again.
Prisoner Zero went to the hospital and killed all The Doctors and nurses. It took the form of a woman with two children to fool Amy and Rory, but gave itself away by talking with the woman's voice through a child's mouth. It snarled at Amy and Rory and chased them down the corridors. The Doctor arrived through the window just in time, and revealed his master plan to Prisoner Zero.
Believing that surrender would mean execution, Prisoner Zero said it was prepared to die in flames with the whole planet. The Doctor suggested Prisoner Zero open another crack to escape, but Zero said the cracks were not its doing, but cracks in the skin of the universe. It taunted The Doctor about his lack of knowledge. "The Doctor in the TARDIS doesn't know." It added that "the Pandorica will open. Silence will fall". When cornered by The Doctor, who had given the Atraxi Prisoner Zero's location and pictures of all its previous disguises, it tried to avoid Atraxi detection by using a psychic connection with Amy to imitate her younger self and the Doctor. The Doctor thwarted this by stimulating Amy's recent memory of Prisoner Zero and forcing it to take on its own form. The Atraxi detected and secured Prisoner Zero, as it gave its final warning: "Silence, Doctor. Silence will fall". (The Eleventh Hour)
Much later, the Eleventh Doctor would later muse that while he foiled the mysterious plans of Prisoner Zero, he never actually learned what Prisoner Zero's plans were. (The Day of the Doctor)
 - In an issue of Doctor Who Magazine, Matt Smith and Karen Gillan referred to Prisoner Zero as a "Face Tendril". Steven Moffat also referred to it as such, as did the trading card.
 - Despite being the first villain of the Matt Smith era, Prisoner Zero wasn't seen in any trailers or publicity images.
 - Steven Moffat's DVD commentary on The Eleventh Hour reveals that there was originally a line of dialogue establishing that Prisoner Zero had impersonated an army and invaded a planet, but the line was cut. Moffat states that he was never quite happy with the explanation and it is better left to the imagination..
 Prisoner Zero's entire body in its true form is never seen, always trailing off-screen.
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|Uploaded:||February 26, 2009|
|Updated:||July 13, 2010|
For my next tutorial I will be showing you how to draw a cartoon beaver step by step. I love animals, and the beaver just happens to be one of my favorite wildlife animals that exist. Now even though the beaver is a favorite of mine, I am actually submitting this lesson because a member who requested a beaver as a tutorial. Instead of doing a drawing on a real life looking beaver, I thought it would be fun to show you how to draw a cartoon version of this wood chopping animal. There is an age old question that is asked by many kids and adults. And that question was once asked by me as well. What is this mind boggling brain tease? Well, did you ever wonder if beavers eat wood? I mean if you think about it, the beavers that I was used to seeing were on T.V. and these animated beavers cooked wood, ate wood, and even used wood to make these humongous dames that they are usually associated with. About two years ago I did a little research of my own to find out if any of these myths were true, and here is what I found out. First off beavers are cousins to rats, mice, porcupines, and squirrels which means that they are a part of the rodent family. They live in ponds, rivers, lakes, streams and even marshes and they spend most of there time in the water due to the fact that they have short legs and webbed feet. Because of their body build, they cannot move well on solid ground making them vulnerable to land predators. Do they really eat wood? The answer to that question is yes! Beavers love eating bark and leaves with their favorite tree being the aspen. They have also been known to eat birch, alder, willow, and mountain maples. To answer your other question, yes they do build dams and lodges with the left over trees that they do not consume. Anyways no matter how you look at it, the beaver is a wonderfully pleasant animal that is fun to draw and color. You will learn "how to draw a beaver", step by step with easy to read instructions and simple to follow steps. I will be back in a while with more drawing fun so stay tuned and keep a look out for what comes out next. Peace out!


text: Measuring long-term care (LTC) outcomes is challenging – not only conceptually but also in terms of implementation. The aim of this presentation is to discuss three examples for LTC outcome measurement based on ASCOT in Austria. The first example will deal with the Home Visit and Counselling Programme run by the Austrian Ministry of Social Affairs. It will show how outcomes for a very large number of care recipients can be assessed by a mix of methods and what needs to be considered to obtain reliable results. The second example illustrates how LTC outcomes are used for supervising home care service provision in Vienna. Finally, a qualitative study of outcomes in day care centres in Vienna demonstrates that it is more than just being in company or occupied that people could gain from such services. Taken together these three examples provide insights into processes and results of LTC outcome measurement and discuss further options for development and implementation.


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Switch quickly between apps
When you're using your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch, you can switch quickly from one app to another. When you return to an app, you can pick up right where you left off. Multitasking doesn't slow down the performance of the foreground app or drain battery life too much.
Here's how you switch quickly between apps:
- Double-click the Home button to display recently used apps.
- Swipe left or right to find the app you want use.
- Tap the app to open it.
Allow apps to refresh in the background
Some apps will run for a short period of time before they're set to a suspended state. This means they're not actively in use, open, or taking up system resources. When you return to these apps, they'll open instantly.
Some apps can continue to run in the background. You can allow these apps to refresh themselves by turning on Background App Refresh. This settings lets apps check for new content and download updates, or retrieve updated content in the background when they receive push notifications.
To save battery, apps running in the background refresh at certain times, like when your device is connected to Wi-Fi, plugged into a power source, or being actively used. iOS learns patterns based on how you use your device and tries to predict when an app running in the background should refresh. It also learns when the device is typically inactive, like at night, to help keep apps from refreshing when you're not using your device. Apps can also schedule background refreshing based on your location.
To use this setting, tap Settings > General > Background App Refresh.
If you turn off Background App Refresh, some background activity might still occur.
Find out what to do if an app unexpectedly quits, stops responding, or won't open.
Find out how to adjust settings on your device to maximize battery life.


Does Concrete Crack Under Heat?
How do you make concrete heat resistant?
Commercially, fireproof concrete is made by mixing a product known as fly ash, a by-product of the production of Portland cement.
You can make your own fireproof concrete with materials available at home improvement stores..
What do you put under a fire pit?
Place some sand in the bottom of the fire pit. Sand will act as an insulator and help to disperse the heat more evenly. Another option is to place some lava rocks in the bottom of your fire pit. These rocks, made out of obsidian, created by lava, are very conducive to heat.
Does all concrete crack?
The most common is because concrete shrinks as the excess water evaporates and it hardens. … Concrete can also crack if it dries too quickly. Weather conditions — extreme temperatures, rapid temperature changes or conditions that are too wet or too dry — also play a major factor in how well concrete cures.
Is concrete OK for a fire pit?
Fire-Ready Materials A big issue I see in fire pits is that they are often built only using CMUs (concrete blocks), which are not designed for use with fire. The aggregates will heat up and expand and might potentially pop or explode. I assert that all fire pits should be lined with fire brick and fire clay mortar.
Can you use concrete to make a fire pit?
Fire pits are a popular addition to any outdoor living area. Try making a fire pit out of concrete to modernize your landscape décor with a functional entertainment element.
At what temperature does concrete fail?
150-200°FThe threshold of significant degradation of concrete is around 65-93°C (150-200°F).
Will red bricks explode in a fire pit?
The fact that bricks and CMUs are so porous also aids in the drying when exposed to heat like a fire. Explosions are the result of rapid heating and water being trapped inside the block turning to steam causing great pressures. If the pressure is great enough, the block will crack, pop or in some cases explode.
How do I keep my concrete slab from cracking?
If you're having new concrete poured consider the following ways to prevent cracking:Start with a sound subgrade. Make sure the subgrade is compacted. … Modify the concrete mix. Use a low water-to-cement ratio. … Install joints. Be active in deciding where control joints will be placed. … Properly cure the concrete.
How thick does concrete need to be to not crack?
4 inchesApplied-load cracking. In residential concrete, 4 inches is the minimum thickness for walkways and patios. Garage slabs and driveways should be 5 to 6 inches thick if any heavy truck traffic is anticipated, otherwise 4 inches is adequate.
What's the difference between a concrete slab and a cement slab?
How hot can Concrete get before it cracks?
Does concrete crack with heat?
Cracking due to temperature can occur in concrete members that are not considered mass concrete. Hydration of cementitious materials generates heat for several days after placement in all concrete members. This heat dissipates quickly in thin sections and causes no problems.
What is the best base for a fire pit?
Hard rocks like granite, marble, or slate are much denser, and therefore less likely to absorb water and explode when exposed to heat. Other rocks that are safe to use around and in your fire pit include fire-rate brick, lava glass, lava rocks, and poured concrete.


Updates, Healthcare & Self-Health Discussion & Beliefs
Every once in a while we like to 'wax philosophical' here at uvitals! Here we explore our core concepts and beliefs; everything from issues with the overall healthcare industry to deep-dives into the Self-Health concept and occasional behind-the-scenes looks into the nitty-gritty details of uvitals products & our business.
Why it's more important than ever to take your health into your own hands!
Why you need to take your health into your own hands!
Here we look at the concept of "Self-Health" and explain what it is: a philosophy of educating ourselves about how we function and then taking responsibility for our own health and well-being. It sounds simple but in this article we discuss why it's so vital that we become less dependent on a medical system that is only designed to manage symptoms, and that we become more proactive when it comes to living in a way that promotes overall health and prevents disease as much as possible.
Read more


text: I study finite two player normal form games where player 2 (the 'follower') can observe the move of player 1 (the 'leader') by paying a small cost. I characterize the limit set of perfect equilibria of this game as the cost of information converges to zero and provide a simple algorithm for constructing it. Limit equilibria have the following properties: (a) both players choose pure strategies; (b) the follower plays a best response; (c) even though the set of limit equilibria always contains the Stackelberg equilibrium it can contain strategy profiles which are not even Nash equilibria of the normal form game. In fact, the follower will only purchase information in the Stackelberg equilibrium if the Stackelberg equilibrium is not a Nash equilibrium. Similar to Yariv and Solan (2004), the subgame perfect solution concept is therefore not robust to the introduction of small information costs. The Stackelberg equilibrium only reemerges as the unique limit equilibrium if we allow for the possibility that the leader is irrational. I test the theory experimentally using the classic Battle of the Sexes game with information acquisition. I find that subjects coordinate on the Stackelberg equilibrium and purchase information which can only be reconciled with theoretical predictions if it is common knowledge amongst subjects that the leader can be irrational.


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This is an x-ray detector built by [Ben Krasnow]. It's an interesting combination of parts working with an oscilloscope. The result is an audible clicking much the same as you would hear from a Geiger counter
He's measuring backscatter, which is the reflection of x-rays on other objects. Because the signal will be quite weak compared to waves emitted directly from an x-ray source he needed a large collector to measure them. He started by gutting an x-ray image intensifying cassette. This has a phosphor layer that glows when excited by x-rays. The idea is that the glowing phosphors do a better job of exposing film than direct x-rays can. But [Ben's] not using film. He built that pyramid-shaped collector with the phosphor material as the base. At the apex of the pyramid he mounted a photomultiplier tube (repurposed from his scanning electron microscope) which can detect the excited points on its surface. His oscilloscope monitors the PMT, then issues a voltage spike on the calibration connector which is being fed to an audio amplifier. Don't miss his presentation embedded after the break.
[Ben] mentions that this build is in preparation for a future project. We'd love to hear what you think he's working on. Leave your guess in the comments section.


text: Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate into the risk factors for failure in the first-time screening test among high-risk neonates in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in order to further clarify the etiology of neonatal hearing impairment, thus providing insights into early prevention and intervention. Methods: We performed automated auditory brainstem response (AABR), distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE), and acoustic immittance (AI) on 2,194 high-risk neonates admitted into the NICU of Shanghai Children's Medical Center from January 2015 to December 2019, and the risk factors, including premature birth, hyperbilirubinemia, and infant respiratory distress syndrome, were analyzed retrospectively by the univariate χ2 test and multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis. Results: The pass rates of AABR, DPOAE, and AI were 70.21, 78.44, and 93.12%, respectively, in 2,194 cases of high-risk neonates screened, which are significantly lower than those of healthy controls. The most common diagnoses included artificial feeding, preterm birth, C-section, low birth weight (LBW), neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NHB), neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), congenital heart disease (CHD), gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome, advanced maternal age (AMA), twins, and in vitro fertilization. Stepwise logistic regression analysis indicated that the AABR pass rate was negatively correlated with LBW (p = 0.002), NHB (p < 0.001), NRDS (p = 0.007), artificial or mixed feeding (p = 0.018), and CHD (p = 0.005). The pass rate of DPOAE was negatively correlated with artificial or mixed feeding (p = 0.041), NHB (p < 0.001), LBW (p = 0.007), very LBW (VLBW) (p = 0.008), and C-section (p < 0.001). The pass rate of AI was negatively correlated with revised AMA (≥40 year) (p < 0.001), NHB (p = 0.043), C-section (p = 0.005), and artificial/mixed feeding (p = 0.036). Conclusion: The hearing screening pass rates of high-risk neonates in the NICU were lower than those of normal neonates, among which the rate of AABR was significantly lower than that of DPOAE. NRDS, NHB, LBW, revised AMA, CHD, C-section, and artificial feeding are potential risk factors of hearing impairment. The combination of different hearing screening tests is necessary for accurate diagnosis of congenital hearing disorders.


Largest Art Gallery in the Universe
The largest art gallery
The Louvre in Paris is the largest art gallery museum in the world. The building began as a twelfth-century fortress and became a museum at the time of the French Revolution in the late eighteenth century.
Housed in the Louvre are some of the world's most outstanding artworks, including the Mona Lisa. Visitors number over nine-million per year. If you visit the Louvre, you will be overwhelmed by the enormous building and the vast number of paintings and statues.
Similarly, as we look at the enormous universe around us, we are overwhelmed by the galaxies, stars, and planets–and the life we see on this planet. Rice Broocks, in his book "God's Not Dead," writes, "There is evidence for an intelligent Creator everywhere you look. To say that there is no evidence for this Creator is like saying the thousands of paintings in an art museum couldn't have been painted because there are no artists visible in the gallery."
Nobody would visit the Louvre and make such a ridiculous statement. How can anyone look at the amazingly complex universe and not recognize that they are seeing the largest art gallery displaying the work of the greatest Artist? Some examples are butterfly wings, colors, structural color, and beauty in Earth's diversity. The largest art gallery in the universe is the universe.
— Roland Earnst © 2020


text:
The Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) Learning Platform was developed within the context of a programme being implemented by UNESCO entitled Our Rights, Our Lives, Our Future, (O3). The purpose of this Platform is to encourage knowledge sharing and learning across countries, connecting different stakeholders, including but not limited to, policy makers, teachers, health workers, opinion leaders, parent/guardians, so that they can share experiences, resources, and lessons in promoting the health and well-being of adolescents and young people. The Learning Platform therefore provides a unique opportunity for countries to exchange and strengthen the delivery of good quality Comprehensive Sexuality Education.
The platform has a digital library which has several resources on Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) including CSE curricular and CSE teaching and learning material; as well as an 'Ask and Share' forum where members can interact and engage in discussion on key issues.
Representatives from local and national governments, educational institutions, donor organizations, civil society organisations; policy makers; teachers; health workers; religious and traditional leaders; learners, and any interested individuals. The platform can be accessed by individuals from any part of the world.


text:
245 8th Street
San Francisco, CA 94103
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Katie Haemmerle, Marketing Associate
[email protected], _PHONE_
The Computer Science Activity Book
New book uses pen and paper to explore the world of coding
San Francisco, CA (December 13, 2018)—No Starch Press is excited to announce the release of The Computer Science Activity Book ($8.95, 32 pp.). This coloring book-like collection gives aspiring programmers a taste of computer science through a collection of hands-on activities that are perfect for a rainy day, student work in the classroom, after-school computer clubs, or similar groups that teach computer skills.
As readers work through this simple beginners' book, they encounter charming, hand-drawn illustrations, vocabulary exercises, and fun puzzles that introduce a range of computer science terms and some of the historical figures behind the development of computers.
- A crossword puzzle that lets readers learn the definitions of data types
- A word search that challenges readers to find key programming terms
- Fill-in the blank exercises that teach basic concepts such as the parts that make up a computer and what would go in cloud storage
- A word scramble to decode a cipher message and learn facts about the World War II era computer called the enigma machine
The Computer Science Activity Book is sure to give curious beginners a simple introduction to some basic computer science concepts that form the foundation of a STEAM education and inspire readers to take the next step into the world of computer science.
For a review copy or color spreads of The Computer Science Activity Book or to schedule an interview with the authors, contact Katie Haemmerle at No Starch Press.
Christine Liu and Tera Johnson are the co-founders of the art collective, Two Photon Art. Together, they have created several zines and continue to explore the medium as a way to inform a general audience about science.
Christine Liu is currently a Neuroscience Ph.D. student at UC Berkeley.
Tera Johnson currently works at EcoAdapt, an environmental non-profit providing support for climate change adaptation.
About No Starch Press
San Francisco–based No Starch Press has published the finest in geek entertainment since 1994—bestsellers like Python Crash Course, Python for Kids, The Linux Command Line, How Linux Works, and Hacking: The Art of Exploitation. Our titles have personality and attitude, our authors are passionate about their subjects, and our editorial team puts every book through a rigorous process of developmental editing, tech review, design, and production.


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In the past, Harvest Moon has been more of a farming simulation with a little bit of role playing added in. Harvest Moon: Save the Homeland takes the series in a new direction, by offering a deeper and more robust role-playing experience. It might be best described as a 'Life Simulation'. The object of Harvest Moon: Save the Homeland is to successfully save the village from being turned into a resort. Construction begins in a year, so you must find a way to save your homeland before that. Harvest Moon: Save the Homeland focuses more attention on relationships than that of making money. Befriending the people in town is the key to successfully completing your task. This is the first Harvest Moon title to be in a true 3-D environment. It looks much more realistic, yet it will not lose the cute animation aspect that all Harvest Moon titles are known for.
- 20 new characters each with their own unique personalities
- Explore a 3-Dimensional environment rich in detail9 Unique endings to the game
- More interaction with your animals, such as training your dog and racing your horse
- Enjoy hours or non-linear game play
- Collect and cook various recipes
- Earn various key items during part-time jobs!


Auto Answers » View Question
mdvin21 2/10/2013
2002 Hyundai Accent GL 4Cyl1.6L - Engine
'02 Hyundai Accent - Where is the IAT sensor on this car???
Error code P0111 diagnosed at 2 auto parts stores. Can't find much of anything related to an IAT on the 2002 Accent. Is it combined with the MAP sensor or something?? I'm car illiterate, but thought I could at least handle this problem.
2 Answers
 - Jimm
 Jimm 2/10/2013
 P0111 = Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Circuit Range/Performance Problem
 What does that mean?The IAT (Intake Air Temperature) sensor is a thermistor that varies resistance based upon the temperature of the engine intake air. Usually a two wire sensor. One wire is supplied 5 Volt from the PCM (Powertrain Control Module) and the other is a ground. The PCM monitors the change in the 5 Volt supplied to determine air temperature. When the intake air is cold, the resistance is high, resulting in a high signal voltage.
 When the intake air is warm, the reistance is low, resulting in a low signal voltage. This code means that the PCM saw a larger-than-normal change in a shorter-than-expected time on the IAT signal circuit.
 Since this code is likely pointing to an intermittent problem on the IAT circuit, there may not be any symptoms at present. However, the MIL will likely be on. The car MAY exhibit some driveability problems, but it is more likely that there will be no noticeable symptoms to the driver.
 Potential causes of the P0111 DTC include:
 a faulty IAT sensor
 an open in the signal or ground circuit
 a short to ground on the signal circuit
 poor connection at sensor or PCM
 Possible Solutions:
 - HouseCallAuto
 HouseCallAuto 2/10/2013
 Replace the Mass Air Flow sensor. The IAT is integral with this sensor.
Preview Answer
AutoMD Verified Customer
AutoMD obtained proof this customer interacted with the shop.


text:
Conditions of Use
What if trees could be used as batteries?
According to Professor Olle Inganäs at Linköping University in Sweden, a biomass of trees and a by-product of paper manufacturing called lignin can be used to create a battery cathode.
His proposal may begin a new industrial development, but it may also contribute to deforestation. Regardless I feel it is important to remain open minded to new organic energy sources to limit our consumption of fossil fuels.
Sakr, S. (2012, March 23). What if trees could be used as batteries? [Web log message]. Retrieved from _URL_
Article posted March 24, 2012 at 02:10 PM •
comment • Reads 1193
see all articles
About the Blogger
My favorite sports include football, basketball, and tennis. During the summer I compete in skateboarding and wakeboarding competitions.


Probabilistic Cross Device User Identification
What is Cross Device User Identification?
As per an article in the Times Of India – "In January 2018, mobile phones accounted for 79% of total web page views in India. Globally, 52.2 % of all website traffic was generated through mobile phones, up from 50.3 % in the previous year"[1]. People employ multiple devices to complete their online objectives. For example – For booking a vacation a user browses places on her tablet while Ubering to her office. She continues the search on her laptop. However, she books the tickets on her mobile.
As consumers move across devices to complete online tasks, their identity becomes fragmented. Marketers, hoping to target them with meaningful recommendations and customized experiences, aren't always able to discern when activity on different devices is tied to one user vs. many users. Tie all these meaningful interactions together and we have a single customer view using Cross Device Identification[4].
What is meant by Probabilistic?
The starting point is to understand there are two recognized methods for Cross-Device Identification – Probabilistic and Deterministic[3].
The Probabilistic algorithm calculates the probability that two different devices are the same person by using a series of information (anything from IP addresses to physical address, as well as personal markers like age) and if the match is accurate enough, then these devices are considered to be belonging to the same person (with a probability).
In the Deterministic method, the user is matched exactly on a known identifier. Those identifiers could be email address, app Id etc. However this requirement is not met in all cases.
Probabilistic vs Deterministic CDI
Deterministic Probabilistic
Advantages Exact predictions
Simple and Fast
Login not required
Disadvantages Login Required Not 100% accurate
Complex and takes time
Why Cross Device Marketing[2]
 - Impression capping
Not only can advertisements be personalized better, but it can also be ensured that one user is not shown the same ad more than a certain number of times across all of their devices.
 - Conversion uplift and Better Marketing Insights
Marketers can make informed decisions about which media channels are worth investing more in so that more users become permanent subscribers. We can create better insights – where a particular user converted, what drove them to make the purchase/walk away and what platform most influenced them[5]. One can identify the most beneficial channel for their brand.
 - A better understanding of the audience
When the user's identities are not split into pieces over multiple devices, it is possible to get more accurate statistics of the audience, research audience segments and so on. Their unified digital footprint can be utilized to personalize marketing campaigns, collect actionable intel on when, where and how to target a specific audience.
How to Probabilistically Identify Users Across Devices
 - Random Boosted Trees – XgBoost
In Drawbridge Kaggle competition, the team with >80% probability (third-placed team) has used Random Boosted Decision Trees for the same. Figure 1 illustrates the preprocessing steps for the same.
 Fig 1: Preprocessing steps
Features that can be incorporated into the model :
 1. IP
 2. GeoLocation / Postal Code
 3. Browsing activity like Categories or URLs visited
 4. Gender (if available)
 5. Temporal Features ( should be used as an enhancement)
 Figure 2 explains how Semi-Supervised Learning will work.
As per Fig 2 in semi-supervised learning mechanism, we feed to model what is known data i.e known users with their device ids. Model, using decision trees, try to compute the distance between features of unknown devices and users using knowledge from the fed data. The output is probable device and users which is again fed into the system to be used for further feature/attribute enhancement. After n number of iterations, when the model reaches a certain level of precision & recall factor – the output can be used in live applications.
 1. Customer Privacy should be taken care of (in the purview of GDPR)
 2. Data is generally not easily available and feature selection is a huge task.


text:
Commercial Pre-Closing Loan Processor
Duties and responsibilities:
- Prepare and distribute closing documents for commercial loans via LaserPro
- Work with attorney's offices and title companies to prepare, correct, and approve final closing documents.
- Ability to read and comprehend business entity Bylaws, Articles, Operating Agreements, etc.
- Learn all Loan Policy procedures and have the ability to apply that knowledge to all loan requests
- Learn, understand and retain both internal and external regulatory guidelines to ensure that documents are prepared accurately with strong attention to detail
- Help guide/teach lenders and assistants when finding errors
- A full understanding CRA and HMDA reporting guidelines
- Strong attention to detail and problem solving skills
- Must be a self-starter
- Ability to multi-task and prioritize
- Excellent Computer Skills
- Previous Loan Experience is preferred, but not required
Job Type: Full-time


text:
Smart Sensors And Controllers Information Technology Essay
Smart sensors are sensors with integrated electronics that can do one or move following functions:- Logic functions, two-way communication, make decisions. It consists of transduction element, signal conditioning electronic and controller or processor that supports some intelligence in a single package. This paper introduces concept of smart sensors and controllers systematically. The progress in the integrated circuits become possible because of the tremendous progress in semiconductor technology, resulted in the low cost microprocessor. By designing a low cost sensor which is silicon based the overall cost of the control system can be reduced. The usefulness of silicon technology as a smart sensor, physical phenomena of conversion to electrical output using silicon sensors, characteristics of smart sensors. The silicon sensor can produce output, as voltage, current, resistance or capacitances, output format can be analog or digital. Suitable signal conditioning circuits along with processor can easily designed using silicon technology. The presence of controller or processor in smart sensor has lead to corrections for different undesirable sensor characteristics which include input offset and span variations, non-linearity and cross sensitivity. As these are carried in software, no additional hardware is required and thus calibration becomes an electronic process. Reduced cost of bulk cables and connectors, cost improvement and remote diagnostics are the qualities of smart sensors. In this paper specifically laser based smart displaced sensor is explained, how smart sensors help anesthesiologist in Anaesthesia supervision is elaborated. An effort is made to demonstrate a prototype Sensor system. "Smart dishwasher controller". Features of smart valve controller ends this paper.
Introduction (Smart Sensors)
Usefulness of silicon technology in smart sensor
General architecture of smart sensor
Importance and Adoption of smart sensor
Distributed smart sensor system
Application in Anaesthesia supervision
Smart Controller(Smart Dishwasher Controller)
Smart Valve Controller
1. INTRODUCTION: We can have integrated a sensor, which has electronics and the transduction element together on one silicon chip. This complete system can be called as system-on-chip.The main aim of integrating the electronics and the sensor is to make an intelligent sensor, which can be called as smart sensor. Smart sensors then have the ability to make some decision. Physically a smart sensor consists of transduction element, signal conditioning electronic and controller/processor that support some intelligence in a single package. Definition: -Smart sensors are sensors with integrated electronics that can perform one or more function, a) logic functions b) two-way communication c) make decisions.
2. USEFULNESS OF SILICON TECHNOLOGY IN SMART SENSOR: There are very convincing advantages of using silicon technology in the construction of smart sensor. All integrated circuits employ silicon technology. A smart sensor is made with the same technology as integrated circuits.
A smart sensor utilizes the transduction properties of
one class of materials and electronic properties of silicon (GaAs). A transduction element either includes thin metal films, zinc oxide and polymeric films. Integrating electronics circuits on the sensor chip makes it possible to have single chip solution. Integrated sensors provide significant advantages in terms of overall size and the ability to use small signals from the transduction element.
Different silicon sensors can be obtained by employing above effects. The silicon sensor can produce output as voltage, current, resistance or capacitance. Output format can be analog or digital. Suitable signal conditioning circuits along with processor can easily be designed using silicon technology. The presence of controller or processor in smart sensor has lead to corrections for different undesirable sensor characteristics, which include input, offset and span variations, on linearity and cross sensitivity. As these are carried out in software, no additional hardware is required and thus calibration becomes an electronic process.
Signal conversion effects:
Examples(Physical Effects in silicon)
Light Intensity, polarization
Photovoltaic-effect, photoelectric effect
Force, pressure, flow, vaccum
Temp, Temp. gradient
Concentration, pH, toxicity
Ion sensitive field effect
Field intensity, flux density
3. General Architecture of Smart Sensor: It is similar to a data acquisition system, the only difference being the presence of complete system on a single silicon chip. In addition to this it has on-chip offset and temperature compensation.
BLOCK LEVEL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR SMART SENSOR: - Design choice of smart sensor depends on the specific application for which the sensor is required and also related to specific industry.
4. Importance and Adoption of Smart Sensor: Following are qualities of smart sensor:
a) Reduced cost of bulk cables and connectors, b) Remote Diagnostics
4.1 Enhancement of Application:-
Smart sensor also enhances the following applications
a) Self calibration b) Computation c) Communication d) Multisensing.
4.2 System Reliability:
System reliability is significantly improved due to the utilization of smart sensors. One is due to the reduction in system wiring and second is the ability of the sensor to diagnose its own faults and their effect.
4.3 Improvement in Characteristics:
There is improvement in following characteristics:
Non-linearity, Cross-sensitivity, Offset, Parameter drift and component values.
4.4 Summary of Different Smart Sensors:
Some of the smart sensors developed at different research institutes are as follow:
Optical Sensor: -
Optical sensor is one of the examples of smart sensor, which are used for measuring exposure in cameras, optical angle encoders and optical arrays. Similar examples are load cells silicon based pressure sensors.
Accelerometer fabricated at the IBM Research laboratory at San Jose California, which consists of the sensing element and electronics on silicon. The accelerometer itself is a metal-coated SiO2 cantilever beam that is fabricated on silicon chip
Integrated multi-sensor chip developed at the electronics research Laboratory University of California. This chip contains MOS devices for signal conditioning with on chip sensor, a gas flow sensor, an infrared sensing array, a chemical reaction sensor, a cantilever beam, accelerometer, surface acoustic wave vapor sensor, a tactile sensor array and an infrared charge coupled device imager.
5. Distributed Smart Sensor System:
A distributed smart sensor system consists of a network backbone, on which reside many nodes. Nodes may be loosely classified as either sensor nodes or controller nodes. Sensor nodes are those, which tend to send data to the network, and controller nodes are those, which tend to gather data from the network.
A prototypical smart sensor node consists of three elements: a physical transducer, a network interface, and a processor/memory core. The transducer senses the physical quantity being measured and converts it into an electrical signal. Then the signal is fed to an A/D converter, and is now ready for use by the processor. The processor will perform some signal processing on the data, and depending on how it is programmed, may send the resulting information out to the network. Network transactions are handled by the network interface block. Note that these are only functional definitions and that MEMS technology potentially allows all three blocks to be implemented on a single die. A prototypical controller node consists of processor/memory, a network interface, and input/output devices for communicating with human users. It is used to collect information from the sensor nodes, to program the sensor nodes, and to provide feedback to the user. Placing all the sensors on a common network bus enables "plug and play" ease of installation. That is, no new wires have to be routed to accommodate new nodes.
Fig.No.5 Smart Sensor System Fig.No.6Prototype Smart Sensor Node
6. Specific Application Of Smart Sensor In Medical Field : The Anaesthesia Supervision: Actually, the essential difficulty of anaesthesia supervision results of the fact that, each characteristic signal (adequate ventilation of lungs, adequate circulation, and intra cranial pressure) is assessed separately. Consequently, it is difficult for the anesthesiologist to evaluate the patient's conditions. Moreover, he should able to distinguish equipment's dysfunction of a real variation of the patient state. So propose a new architecture for anaesthesia supervision, based on concept of smart sensor.
The Contribution of This System Are As Follows:-
1. The elaboration of a rate order from the trend curve of pressure measure and precedent rate.2. The supervision of the difference between the intracranial pressure and mean arterial pressure.
Validation data processing
Validated data bare
Rough Data Base
Elaborated Information and newservices
Central Supervision Unit
Communication medium of field bus type
Fig.No.7Central Data Processing Unit Fig.No.8.uture Architecture of Anaesthesia Supervision
7.Smart Controller: Smart controller is the latest inventory mode of controller.
Smart Dishwasher Controller:Current dishwashers enable the user to choose cycle selection, heat selection, and a start delay. Our Smart Controller will remove the cycle options by utilizing a turbidity sensor. The Smart Controller will interface with two modules: the control panel and the dishwasher hardware. Based on user inputs of heat and delay, the controller will send control signals to the proper dishwasher components. The addition of new sensors allows a more accurate pre-wash cycle that can rinse the dishes as long as necessary to remove the loose grit before starting the main cycle. This saves time, energy, and water--after all, even if the pre-wash cycle actually takes LONGER to run, the user will not have to rewash dishes!It will have inputs both from the user and from onboard sensors; the micro controller that will process the information and provide the appropriate instructions to operate the dishwasher; an amplification circuit to provide the correct signal voltage level to operate the various loads. With the use of a turbidity sensor and a microprocessor, we can take advantage of knowing that the dishes are clean. This will allow us to change the dishwasher operation from static cycles to dynamic cycles. This will undoubtedly result in more efficient wash cycles.
8. Smart Valve Controller:
Fig. No. 9 Smart Valve Controller
The Smart Valve Controller mounts to a valve solenoid quickly and easily– without screws, drills or additional wires. This rugged


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Plastic Smell
When you first get a dehydrator, it's packed in plastics and the smells can sometimes leech into the food if you start drying food without cleaning the dehydrator properly. Cleaning the dehydrator gets rid of the plastic smells and you can enjoy dehydrating food that smells natural and fresh.
- Ensure a Hygienic Drying Environment
The purpose of dehydrating all kinds of food is to get delicious snacks that are fun to eat and healthy too. An unclean dehydrator does not provide a hygienic environment for drying foods and cleaning it is a must to create healthy dehydrated snacks.
- Remove any Residual Food Particles
After a few dehydrating sessions, there might be build up of residual particles inside the dehydrator and on its trays. This can make the dehydrating environment unfit for future dehydrating sessions. Cleaning removes the residual particles and you can dehydrate foods without worrying about contamination.
- Remove Any Previous Smells
Certain dried foods, such as spices, and herbs, can have overpowering smells. This can affect the taste and smell of any future batches that need to be dehydrated. With a clean dehydrator, you can have snacks tasting and smelling as they're supposed to.
- Add to Life of Food Trays
Clean trays last longer as there is no wear and tear because of any stuck food, oils, or sugars from the food.
- Keep the Trays and Dehydrator Looking Clean
A clean dehydrator adds to the whole look of a kitchen.
- Save Money On Accessories
Cleaning the dehydrator accessories is the ideal way to save money. Unclean trays and sheets get ruined easily and don't work for a long time, either.
- Ensure Optimum Performance
Regularly cleaning the dehydrator ensures that it keeps working in an optimum condition for a long time to come.
- For Storage When Not In Use
If you need to store away your dehydrator when you're not using it, make sure you clean it properly. Whenever you decide to use it next, you can start after a basic cleaning.
- Remove Drippings at the Base
Many foods often drip while they dry and these drippings can accumulate at the base of the dehydrator. Cleaning the dehydrator ensures such drips don't interfere with proper drying of the food.
A clean dehydrator can go a long way in helping you make delicious snacks from all kinds of fruits, vegetables, and meats. Keeping your dehydrator clean adds to its life and also helps you to get the most out of the appliance. A clean dehydrator also looks good in the kitchen. A well-maintained dehydrator can save you from any future maintenance or repair expenses.
Remember, every dehydrator is unique in its design, construction materials, and functions, so read up on the operating manual to understand how to properly clean the specific model that you own.
Follow the simple tips in this write-up and enjoy hygienic and delicious snacks from your dehydrator every time you use it.


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Definition of longitudinal
- The insect's back is black with yellow longitudinal stripes.
- the longitudinal extent of the building
- a longitudinal study of juvenile offenders over a period of five years
The insect's body is black with yellow longitudinal stripes.
calculating the longitudinal position of a ship
a longitudinal study of career aspirations among girls from 5 to 17
These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'longitudinal.' Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
What made you want to look up longitudinal? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).


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The spindle is a very important part of the CNC machine, the quality and speed of the spindle will affect the cutting effect. When we buy machines, we often face the problem of not knowing whether to choose an air-cooled spindle or a water-cooled spindle. Let's discuss the difference between the two spindles below.
1. As the name suggests, the water-cooled spindle motor uses water circulation to cool the heat generated by the high-speed rotation of the spindle. This method will work well because the temperature after circulation will not exceed 40 degrees. The air-cooled spindle motor uses a fan to dissipate heat, and its effect is definitely not as good as water cooling.
2. Noise. Water-cooled spindle motors are basically silent, but air-cooled spindle motors are loud.
3. In terms of service life. Because the water-cooled spindle motor needs to pay attention to maintenance, change the water frequently or use an industrial water cooler, its service life is much longer than that of the air-cooled spindle motor.
4. Accuracy. The axial and radial runout of the water-cooled spindle motor is basically below 0.003 mm, which is far behind the air-cooled spindle motor (made in China)!
5. Ease of use. Since the water-cooled spindle needs to be connected to a water pump, a bucket is needed to hold water, and a water pipe needs to be connected. Especially in the cold winter in the north, it is easier to freeze, and some customers may find it more troublesome; but the air-cooled spindle will not be so many usage issues.
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text: China has a tradition of poetic education, and Chant Verse is a significant historical link sustaining Chinese ritual civilization. Reciting the Book of Songs and Historical Records with intonation and expression is the obligation of musical officers in the Chun Guan, which is one of the articles of Zhou Li. Much more can be said about the social formation and function of Chant Verse in the Zhou Dynasty based on its official position, like identifying and tracing the obligation and studying the cultural function of musical officers, who are usually blind. Meanwhile, the comparisons between the great masters of Six Teaching Poetry and the musical officers, who educate people in musical language, can also be made and analyzed. This research will contribute to our understanding of Chant Verse: its source, its early cultural origin, its social patterns, and its historical value.


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|Bitter gourd Momordica charantia|
- Bitter gourd is also useful for those suffering from piles. Drinking bitter gourd juice or taking it with buttermilk every morning for a month would be beneficial in getting rid of this painful ailment.
- Bitter gourd is high in fiber and hence, prevents constipation. It can cure stomach related disorders by stimulating the secretion of gastric juices.
- It is highly beneficial for those suffering from dyspepsia. People suffering from heartburn and ulcers must cut down on its consumption.
- Bitter gourd purifies blood because of its blood-purifying properties and also said to treat boils and itching caused for similar reasons.
- Bitter gourd contains a chemical called Charantin which reduces high blood glucose levels; hence it is useful for diabetics. Bitter gourd juice can be taken in the morning on an empty stomach to keep a check on the blood sugar levels.
- Bitter gourd juice taken in the morning is beneficial to strengthen the immune system by improving our body's fighting mechanism against infection and diseases.
- Bitter gourd works well for those who want to lose weight. Add bitter gourd to your diet as it stimulates excretion of bile juices in the liver that are very essential for fat metabolism.
- Fresh juice of bitter gourd leaves can be used to treat cholera in early stages.
- Bitter gourd has high amount of beta-carotene that helps cure eye problems and improve eyesight.


Fine Art Photography Daily
Brandon Juhasz: American Bigfoot is Monkey Suit
Ohio photographer, Brandon Juhasz, is a combination of Dr. Frankenstein, Picasso in his cubist period, and photographic outlier. He received his BFA from Bowling Green State University where he was trained in photography and painting and his work seeks to "dissect and understand the entrenched power of images and photography in our culture and the changing nature of the photographic image". I'm showing some selections from his project, American Bigfoot is Monkey Suit.
Brandon's work has been included in many juried and curated exhibitions both locally and nationally including the Hagedorn Gallery in Atlanta for the Atlanta Celebrates Photography festival and MOCA Cleveland.
My work is an exploration of the power and saturation of our image based culture. I explore the concept of photography in contemporary society and its fluid and ubiquitous nature. Photography is now an integral part of living. No longer a curiosity or hobby, photography is as common as driving a car. How does this affect us? How does it affect our ideals and worldview, our self-awareness or our memory? By using images found on the Internet to make new worlds I employ narrative image making to explore failure, desire and life in a post memory, post private hyper documented world.
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Sitting around a table at Meyers Center BOCES in Saratoga, students, teaching assistants, and teachers were busy crocheting. They weren't making afghans or shawls– but rather, they were turning plastic into possibility. Little did they know they were also making history.
Profiles of 17 human rights defenders from around the globe, with links to accompanying lesson plans.
Browse the curriculum. Download the complete 158-page guide or individual lesson plans.
Speak Truth to Power: Voices from Beyond the Dark brings the voices of human rights defenders into your classroom.
Find out how you can support your students in their efforts to defend human rights.
The Speak Truth to Power project will enter the video documentary world with a contest challenging middle and high school students in New York to create a film based on the experience of courageous human rights defenders around the world.
It is with great sadness that the family of Professor Wangari Maathai announces her passing away on 25th September, 2011, at the Nairobi Hospital, after a prolonged and bravely borne struggle with cancer.
New to the STTP site this month is a lesson plan based on the work of Congressman John Lewis, who has dedicated his life to protecting human rights, securing civil liberties, and building what he described as "The Beloved Community" in America.


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This page takes you through the general steps for upgrading product versions based on Carbon 4.4.6 to Carbon 4.4.7.
Preparing to Upgrade
The following are the specific prerequisites you must complete before an upgrade:
 - Before you upgrade to the latest version of a product, you create a staging database, which is essentially an empty database. Note that you should NOT connect a new product version to an older database that has not been upgraded.
 - Make a backup of the database and the directory prior to upgrading. The directory can simply be copied to the new directory.
 - Stop all the Carbon servers connected to the database before running the migration scripts.
 Note that the upgrade should be done during a period when there is low traffic on the system.
 - This upgrade can only be done if the database type is the same. For example, if you are using MySQL currently and you need to migrate to Oracle in the new version, these scripts will not work.
 - You cannot roll back an upgrade. It is impossible to restore a backup of the previous server and retry the upgrade process.
The downtime is limited to the time taken for switching databases when the staging database is promoted to the actual production status.
Upgrading the configurations
There are no database changes between Carbon 4.4.6 to Carbon 4.4.7. Therefore, only the new configuration options in Carbon 4.4.7 should be updated for the new environment as explained below.
 1. Copy the data from the old database to the staging database you created. This becomes the new database for your new version of Carbon.
 2. Download Carbon 4.4.7 and connect it to your staging database.
 3. Update the configuration files in Carbon 4.4.7 as required.
 4. Copy the following directories from the old database to the staging database.
 1. To migrate the super tenant settings, copy the /repository/deployment/server directory.
 2. If multitenancy is used, copy the /repository/tenants directory.
 Note that configurations should not be copied directly between servers.
 5. Start the server.
Going into production
The following are recommended tests to run on the staging system.
 - No labels


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If you use exfoliating soaps, you might not know those little beads may be made of plastic -- or think about what happens to them when they go down the drain.
But it's on the minds of marine science researchers, as well as a major company.
Unilever, the company that makes Dove soaps, Vaseline, Pond's skin cream and other personal care products, announced recently it's phasing out the use of "plastic micro beads as a'scrub' material" in its personal care products.
By 2015, the phase out should be complete, Unilever said. The company said the "the issue of plastics particles in the ocean is an important issue."
Microplastics are plastic pieces less than 5 millimeters (0.2 inches) long, and they are a major type of marine debris.
They are used as scrubbers in hand cleansers and other domestic and industrial cleaning products, according to a 2009 review of the issue led by Richard Thompson, professor of marine science at the University of Plymouth in the United Kingdom. They also get into the environment through plastic pellets and powders being spilled in the manufacturing process for plastic products, in addition to the deterioration of larger pieces of plastic.
Research in microplastics suggests that very small particles, even tens of microns in diameter, can be retained in the tissues of marine invertebrates, Thompson said. A 2008 study from Thompson's group found that microplastic particles remained in mussels for 48 days.
"It remains to be seen whether they produce harmful effects in their own right," he said.
An issue of more immediate concern is the particles' ability to absorb contaminant chemicals in the water, he said.
Small plastic particles have a large surface area compared to their volume, offering ample opportunities for chemicals to latch onto their surfaces. The absorption of chemicals by these microplastic beads may be of concern to marine life, which could ingest them, Thompson said.


Last updated: July 29, 2014
National Breaking News
WA chopper crash caused by jerry can
A HELICOPTER pilot was lucky to escape injury when an inappropriately stowed jerry can caused his Robinson R22 to crash and flip during a cattle muster in Western Australia's far north.
Before the man began mustering on a property near Fitzroy Crossing on March 22, he had refuelled the helicopter from a jerry can and then secured the empty can in the passenger seat using the seatbelt.
He was climbing out of a descending turn to the rear of a mob of cattle and was only three metres above the ground when a gust of wind blew through the left door opening and dislodged the jerry can.
It became wedged between the seat and the cyclic stick, which looks like a joystick and changes the pitch angle of the rotor blades.
Despite the pilot's efforts to regain control of the helicopter, it crashed, with the main rotor blades chopping through the tail boom.
The helicopter flipped forward and bounced back up to about 15m above the ground before landing upside down.
The impact dislodged the top of the front dashboard and struck the pilot's helmet, but he escaped injury.
The helicopter was substantially damaged.
"This incident highlights the importance of ensuring all items are securely stowed," the Australian Transport Safety Bureau said.
"It also provides a timely reminder to pilots of the benefits of safety equipment such as a helmet."


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One of my more recent co-authored research articles has been selected as 'Editor's Choice' in The Applied Ecologist's Blog. The paper, Maintaining ecosystem properties after loss of ash in Great Britain by Louise Hill et al, focusses on the importance of using plant functional traits to predict potential changes to an ecosystem, following the loss of a key species.
"With an impressive data set at hand across whole of Great Britain, Hill et al. developed and applied an innovative analytic approach, Analytical Hierarchy Process (a tool borrowed from the social sciences), and used plant functional traits, which allowed them to predict changes in ecosystem properties due to ash loss (the ecology part), optimized by a hierarchy of traits' importance. From this they could offer recommendations to managers and decision makers about how to avoid the disappearance of ash and the ecosystem services it provides. Here, plant functional traits are essential in the link between biodiversity and ecosystem properties."
The Editor's Choice for issue 56:2 is written by Associate Editor, Alex Fajardo.
Read the full article at Editor's Choice 56:2 – A trait-based approach for forest ecosystem management