text:
Children's resilience in the presence of mothers' depressive symptoms : examining proximal regulatory processes related to active agency
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Using a large sample from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care, the current study examined the processes through which children's agentic processes promoted their resilience in the face of mothers' depressive symptoms at first grade. Children's resilience in the presence of mothers' depressive symptoms was demonstrated to be homogeneous across domains of academic performance, social competence, internalizing behavior, and externalizing behavior. Children's effortful control, self-assertion, and mastery motivation predicted their resilience in these domains to a varying degree. The agentic processes mediated the relation of different patterns of individual (i.e., child intelligence, temperament), relational (i.e., attachment security), and environmental (i.e., maternal sensitivity, childcare quality) factors to children's resilience across domains. Interrelations among child individual, relational, and environmental characteristics were also observed. Moreover, findings from two analytic approaches converged in terms of underscoring the importance of the agentic system in promoting child resilience in the face of mothers' depressive symptoms. Children's agentic processes promoted their resilience via additive main effects rather than interactive effects.


Database object names and prefixes
The name of every database object is an identifier.
For information about the rules for valid identifiers, see Identifiers.
FROM Employees;
FROM DBA.Employees;
 - You are the owner of the database object.
Joe and Sally do not have any extra permissions because of their membership in the company group. The company group has not been explicitly granted any table permissions. (The company user ID has implicit permission to look at tables like Salaries because it created the tables and has DBA authority.) So, Joe and Sally still get an error executing either of these commands:
FROM Salaries;
FROM company.Salaries;
In either case, Joe and Sally do not have permission to look at the Salaries table.


Location of Mona
Some 47 miles southwest from Mayagüez and 37 miles southeast of Punta Espada, Dominican Republic floats rugged Mona Island, situated in the center of the Mona Passage. Although located closer to the Dominican Republic, Mona's history has been attached to Puerto Rico. It was discovered by Columbus in 1493, and in 1508 Ponce de León stopped in there. In 1511 the island was ceded to Columbus's younger brother Bartolomé by Columbus's son Diego.
Evidence of a long history can be found on this small island. Remains from the Taino village visited by both Columbus and Ponce de León are still to be found, among these remains you will find what appear to be Taino inscriptions, petroglyphs, pictographs, skeletons, bottles, and other relics. The ruins of historic cabins, stone walls, graves, and old trails, also are to be found.
Land Area: 10.9 sq km (6.7 sq mi)
Coordinates: Latitude: 18.10° N Longitude: 67.90° W
The island is about 7 miles long and 4 miles wide, with an approximate area of 13,638 acres (twice as large as Culebra); its shape roughly that of a lima bean with the concavity toward the north. Its climate is classified as semi-arid, sub-tropical climate, with temperatures fluctuating 80 to 90 all year long. The island has 200-foot cliffs riddled with caves. The highest peak is about 300 feet above sea level. There is little vegetation, although there has been some reforestation. The island has no permanent inhabitants, except by the Puerto Rico Department of Natural Resources (DNR) personnel (resident biologist and rangers).
Mona is often compared to Galápagos, the island teems with giant iguanas, among them the Mona Iguana (certified as threatened by the Endangered Species Act of 1973) and the Geco Oriundo, three species of endangered sea turtles (the Hawksbill and the Leatherback sea turtle), red-footed boobies and countless other sea birds. The waters surrounding the island is home of over 270 species of fish and endangered sea turtles. Some species are so rare or endangered elsewhere on Puerto Rico that these islands can be considered their last significant refuge. During the winter humpback whales, usually several at a time with their young, are regular visitors.
The Mona Iguana found nowhere else in the world, is considered the most spectacular single form of life on the island. It attains four feet in length but is harmless. Their nests, consisting of a tunnel burrowed into the soil, are commonly on the coastal plain. Their food is vegetable matter.
Unspoiled Mona also offers mangrove forest, coral reefs, 200-foot high cliffs and the world's largest marine-originated cave system. The beaches, some 5 miles in total length, are whiter than those of Puerto Rico.
Mona has a lighthouse, built 1900 was one of the first two lighthouses built by the U.S Government in Puerto Rico.
The island is managed by the Department of National Resources since 1975. Camping is allowed at Sardinera Beach. For information call: _PHONE_. Other activities such as: hiking, bird watching, snorkeling or scuba are allowed and coordinated by the resident biologist. Visitors are welcome, but no more than a hundred visitors can be on the island at any time.
Other Resources
Book your Trip!
Did You Know?
The world famous drink, the Piña Colada was invented in a house on Fortaleza Street in Old San Juan and that its main ingredient Coco Lopez was invented by Ramon Lopez Irizarry.


text:
School Councils: through their active participation of the membership, composed primarily of parents, work to improve student achievement and well-being through making recommendations to school principals.
Parent Involvement Committee (PIC): a system-level advisory body to HPEDSB working to support, encourage, and enhance meaningful parent engagement in schools.
Parents Reaching Out Grants: School Councils can apply for funding to support school-based projects that help parents/guardians become more engaged in schools.
Special Education Advisory Committee (SEAC): this is a forum for representatives from provincial parent associations to share ideas, compare strategies and address common concerns related to students with special education needs.
Mental Health Literacy Strategy: a Mental Health Leader is providing leadership and coordination within the board and community in the area of school mental health.
Community Partnerships: HPEDSB continues to partner with communities and community organizations that contribute to the well being of every student and to caring and vibrant communities such as Working Together for Kids' Mental Health Demonstration Project, Lions Club Hearing and Vision Screening, Terry Fox Walk/Run, Special Olympics and other community initiatives.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Geology exposure along Highway 221 south of Prosser, Washington.
The units are clay, diatomite, and sandstone with a minor offset.
Elephant Mountain member basalt capping a member of the Ellensburg Formation
The Ellensburg Formation are the non basalt basalt units in between the various Columbia River Basalt Group lava flows. In this case the exposed outcrop is capped by the Elephant Mountain member of the Saddle Mountains Basalts - one of the youngest lava flows of the Columbia River Basalt Group. The member designations of the Ellensburg Formation are derived from the age of the basalt flows above and below them. On this basis the unit would be the Rattlesnake Ridge member. Laval (1956) mapped this area and proposed Prosser member for a unit containing diatomite.
A number of distinct units can be seen within the Ellensburg Formation at this site: 1) a green-gray clay that likely highly altered volcanic ash, 2) bright white layers of diatomite, 3) cross bedded sands and silts with a mix of diatomite and volcanic ash and 4) a volcanic ash or tuff deposit.
Diatomite layers over clay and under sands. Diatomite is formed by the accumulation of diatoms, a single-celled organism with a silica structure. Diatomite signifies a quiet lake environment will little sediment input as it takes a long time for the diatoms to accumulate.
Volcanic ash overlaid by basalt of the Elephant Mountain member


Crowds and Power
Crowds and Power is a 1960 book by Elias Canetti
Elias Canetti
, dealing with the dynamics of crowds and "packs" and the question of how and why crowds obey rulers. Canetti draws a parallel between ruling and paranoia
Paranoia [] is a thought process believed to be heavily influenced by anxiety or fear, often to the point of irrationality and delusion. Paranoid thinking typically includes persecutory beliefs, or beliefs of conspiracy concerning a perceived threat towards oneself...
. Also, the memoirs of Daniel Paul Schreber
Daniel Paul Schreber
Daniel Paul Schreber was a German judge who suffered from what was then diagnosed as dementia praecox. He described his second mental illness, making also a brief reference to the first illness in his book Memoirs of My Nervous Illness...
 are analyzed with an implicit critique of Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud, born Sigismund Schlomo Freud, was an Austrian neurologist who founded the discipline of psychoanalysis...
The book was translated from the German by Carol Stewart in 1962.


text: The rain sensor activates the windshield wipers automatically when rain or other moisture appears on the windshield, and adapts the wiper interval to match the amount of rain. How it works: light-emitting diodes inside the rain sensor emit an invisible infrared light which is reflected by the outside surface of the windscreen and measured by photodiodes. If the full amount of light returns to the photodiode, the windshield is dry. A film of water or drops on the windscreen break up the light emitted. As the measuring process is permanent, the electronics can control the wiper intervals perfectly.


text:
Skip to main content
This is an advanced seminar to discuss and examine current issues in research and practice of educational psychology. There are two modules in this course.
The first module focuses on social emotional learning. Students will learn about what is social emotional learning, the applications of social emotional learning in elementary, middle and high schools, the assessment of social emotional learning, teachers' training in social emotional learning and social emotional learning in the Asian contexts.
The second module focuses on a number of selected advanced quantitative methods widely applicable in research in education and psychology. Students will learn about logistic regression analysis, hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and path analysis. The focus is on understanding the rationale of these methods, the research and data situations where these methods are applicable, the operational procedures for conducting these analyses, and appropriate interpretation of results of these analyses in research settings.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
I'm making a TD game in HTML5. For some reason, however, it bogs down when placing towers on the creeps path. From what I see on the profiler, the A* isn't the problem. The problem is creating the navmesh. So far it's a simple grid, with gcost computed by looking up the collision detection quadtree. The path also feels blocky. (I am also about to remove the quadtree and use prune and sweep with kd-trees).
What I want to do is:
1. Create a vertex array of the graph by pushing vertices of the staticCollisionObject array (without redundant vertices).
2. Do rays between them. Bruteforcing, it's O(n^3), extremely slow. However, I think there is some way of doig it in O(n^2) without cheating using some kind of tree structures Better, but still probably slow. (also pruning for head-on edges)
3. Perform A* for the resulting graph consisting of the vertex array and the edges.
However, I feel that the step 2 will be too slow, so I will probably do some cheating. The question is, what kind of chating?


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have a need to write PL SQL that fetches data from another database over a DB link and perform some actions on it.
 CURSOR cur_progs
 SELECT *
 FROM allen.table_dummy@db_link;
In the above example, I faced two issues.
When the link is not created, below error message is thrown
ORA-04054: database link db_link does not exist
when the link is present but the password of the user with which the link is created is now expired, below error message is thrown
ORA-04052: error occurred when looking up remote object allen.table_dummy@db_link ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1 ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied ORA-02063: preceding line from db_link
Is there a way to catch both these errors? Something like writing PLSQL block within PLSQL block.
share|improve this question
possible duplicate of How to check if a database link is valid in Oracle? – Klas Lindbäck Jun 12 '13 at 7:01
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2 Answers
up vote 3 down vote accepted
The errors you are getting are compilation errors. You can't catch a compilation error (this is true in any language not just PL/SQL).
If you're really determined, you could change your code to use dynamic SQL so that you move the error from being a compilation error to becoming a runtime error. That would mean that you could catch the error in an exception handler. But doing so seems like a really bad idea.
First off, whether the error is thrown at runtime or at compilation time, the error would appear to be fatal. It seems highly unlikely that you could do something useful in an exception handler if a database link doesn't exist or if the password is invalid. Given that you should only be catching exceptions that you expect and that you can do something useful with, it seems highly unlikely that catching these errors would be useful.
Second, moving from static SQL to dynamic SQL generally makes your code harder to write and harder to maintain. Plus it frequently makes the code less efficient and less secure.
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One option to consider:
Pick a time when the database link is functioning ok, then compile a stored procedure (preferably in a package). That way, you know that the procedure is in a valid compiled state.
Then, write a simple stored procedure that uses dynamic SQL to query DUAL@db_link. Call this at runtime to test the link before running your procedure. This procedure won't be marked invalid even if the link is down.
If the link goes down temporarily, your main stored procedure won't be marked invalid unless you try to compile it.
share|improve this answer
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Your Answer


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text:
Abstract: While teaching auditing using cases is regarded as an effective approach, spatial separation of students and teachers in online contexts can restrict the application of case teaching. This study examines an undergraduate auditing course implemented to address this challenge by integrating case teaching with ePortfolio assessment. Students' written ePortfolio submissions and scores were analysed. Results show that despite spatial separation of the online learner from peers and teachers, integrating case teaching with ePortfolio assessment elicits learner behaviour desirable in online auditing courses. This approach enables online learners' self-directed engagement as compared to instructor-led case teaching in conventional teaching contexts. Based on a new pedagogical approach for teaching auditing trialled in reduced (or absence of) face-to-face interaction, this study informs course design in auditing. It demonstrates that active student engagement, which presupposes an instructor's role to facilitate student involvement in case discussions, can be implemented in online teaching of auditing.
_PHONE_ 7N9CDTHS items 1 apa default ASC


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Terrestria is the plane on which the planet Earth is located.
EDIT: Due to limited Magic information, the best assumption is that planes are individual planets. No other information can be garnered from the true Magic: the Gathering storyline. The best explanation for our universe being in the MtG multiverse is billions of overlays on a gigantic plane, causing each individual cosmic body that exists in real life.
EDIT: The formation of a seperate article, i.e. 'The AoM Multiverse' is suggested.
It is commonly accepted that a plane is not a planet, though in most cases the focus of a plane will take place on a particular planet within this plane. The confusion arises in that most planes are confused with planets, due to the fact that most planes are named after their primary planets.(). Each plane is a seperate 'universe' however, the word itself has the stigmatic effect of only meaning there can be one'verse'. Each'verse' is a plane, within a wider multiverse. This given it means that any number, and any variant of a plane is possible within the multiverse, it can be said that the Magic multiverse contains an infinite number of planes. (). As part of the possibility, and as is used in these storylines, Terrestria is part of this multiverse.
See Also Edit
|Past Planes of AoM|
|Planar System(s):||Syndicate System|
|Plane(s):||Arcanis | Mirrodin | Terrestria | Focturna | Sahrahlas | Yorfallia | Avernus|
|Future Planes of AoM|
|Planar System(s):||Chaos System|
|Plane(s):||Furcht | Arcanis | Sahrahlas | Avernus|


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am having difficulty with the following problem
In the given figure the point on segment PQ is twice as from P as from Q is. What is the point? Ans is $(2,1)$. How did that answer get calculated any suggestions
enter image description here
share|improve this question
5 Answers 5
up vote 1 down vote accepted
There is really no need to use any quadratics or roots.
Hint: Consider the same problem on the plain number line first.
How do you find the number between $2$ and $5$ which is twice as far from $2$ as from $5$?
You take their difference, which is $3$. Now splitting this distance by ratio $2:1$ means the first distance is two thirds, the second is one third, so we get
$$ 4 = 2 + \frac{2}{3}(5-2)$$
It works completely the same with geometric points (using vector operations), just linear interpolation: Call the result $R$, then
$$ R = P + \frac{2}{3}(Q-P)$$ so in your case we get $$ R= (0,-1) + \frac 2 3 (3,3) = (2,1)$$
Why does this work for 2D-distances as well, even if there seem to be roots involved? Because vector length behaves linearly after all! (meaning $|t \cdot \vec a|=t|\vec a|$ for any positive scalar $t$)
Edit: We'll try to divide a distance $s$ into parts $a$ and $b$ such that $a$ is twice as long as $b$. So it's $a = 2b$ and we get $$s = a + b = 2b + b = 3b$$ $$\Leftrightarrow b = \frac 1 3 s \Rightarrow a = \frac 2 3 s$$ That's where the fractions come from.
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The last equality should read with $|t|$. – user21436 Aug 28 '12 at 9:03
Your method does seem interesting and simple – MistyD Aug 28 '12 at 9:28
You said.. "means the first distance is two thirds, the second is one third" could you please explain that, – MistyD Aug 28 '12 at 9:35
If the required point is $(x,y)$, then because we're looking at a straight line, $x$ must be twice as far from the x-coordinate of $P$ as it is from the x-coordinate of $Q$. That is, it's twice as far from 0 as it is from 3. Since it's in $[0,3]$, we must have $x=2$. A similar argument for $y$ gives $y=1$.
No distance formula, square roots or quadratic equations are required.
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1) Find the equation of the line.
The equation of the line is $y=x-1$.
2) Write your condition by making use of distance formula. Use $1$.
You need: $(x,x-1)$ such that $$2\sqrt{(3-x)^2+(2-(x-1))^2}=\sqrt{(x-0)^2+(x-1-(-1))^2}$$
You get a quadratic. Solving which you have $x=2,6$. But, $x \in [0,3] \Rightarrow x=2$.
share|improve this answer
So I get $y=\frac{2x}{3} -1$ How would I add a condition using this equation in the distance formula? – MistyD Aug 28 '12 at 8:29
Dear Downvoter, can you please explain? – user21436 Aug 28 '12 at 8:30
_USER_ Since a point we are searching for lies on the line, it should be of the form $(x, \frac{2x}{3}-1)$. Now you have distance constraint. Write it out. – user21436 Aug 28 '12 at 8:33
_USER_ I have updated my answer. The equation of your line was wrong. – user21436 Aug 28 '12 at 8:48
_USER_ I am NOT the downvoter; but I gave serious consideration to downvoting both your solution and PooyaM's. You are both nuking mosquitoes. Distance formula and quadratics? To divide a baby little line segment into equal thirds? You can do better! – user22805 Aug 28 '12 at 22:01
Consider that point has coordinates $H(x_H,y_H)$
Distance "$d$" between $(x_A,y_A)$ and $(x_B,y_B)$ is:
I:From the questions constraints we have:
$\sqrt{(x_H-0)^2+(y_H-(-1))^2} = 2\times \sqrt{(x_H-3)^2+(y_H-2)^2} $
$x_H^2+(y_H+1)^2=4\times (x_H-3)^2 +4\times(y_H-2)^2$
II:$(x_H,y_H)$ is on the same line connecting P to Q:
So $Slope_{HP}=Slope_{QH}$
$Slope_{AB}=(y_B - y_A)/(x_B-x_A)$
So: $(y_H-(-1)) /(x_H-0) =(2-y_H)/(3-x_H) $
Then we should solve for x and y from the 2 variable 2 equations we derived:
From II : $x_H=y_H+1$
plugging this into I yields: $x_H^2=4(x_H-3)^2$ two answers:
$x_H=2x_H-6 \Rightarrow x_H=6,y_H=5 \chi$ Because It is not between P and Q
$x_H=-2x_H+6 \Rightarrow x_H=2, y_H=1 \checkmark$
share|improve this answer
Awesome solution clear and concise. Thanks _USER_ – MistyD Aug 28 '12 at 8:46
The parametric equation of the line joinining $P$ and $Q$ is $$ \vec{OR}=\vec{OP}+t(\vec{OQ}-\vec{OP})=(0,-1)+t(3,3)=(3t,3t-1) $$ where $R$ is its generic point. The parameter $t$ is not the euclidean distance, yet it is a linear reparametrization of the euclidean distance on the line. Thus, since $R=P$ when $t=0$ and $R=Q$ when $t=1$, the point in question is that for which $$ |t|=|2(t-1)| \quad\text{and}\quad 0


text:
AFM images reveal peculiar biradical aromatic created by single atom manipulation
Sixty-four years after it was first hypothesised, researchers have succeeded in making triangulene, a peculiar biradical aromatic that has so far remained elusive because of its extreme reactivity, but could pave the way to quantum computing devices.
Triangulene is planar, cyclic and has 22 π electrons – properties of a fully aromatic molecule according to Hückel's rule. However, any attempt at drawing its resonance structures results in two unpaired electrons: triangulene is a non-Kekulé aromatic and permanent biradical.
Chemists have been trying to make triangulene through traditional synthesis, but never managed to make unsubstituted triangulene as it has proven to be highly unstable and instantly polymerises or rearranges into more stable structures. Now, Niko Pavliček's team from IBM Research in Zurich, Switzerland, and the University of Warwick, UK, made triangulene using single atom manipulation – an art IBM researchers have been perfecting since they arranged 35 xenon atoms to spell out 'IBM' in 1989.
Pavliček's team placed a hydrogenated precursor on a copper surface and shocked it into losing two hydrogen atoms and creating triangulene by applying a small voltage with the tip of a combined scanning tunnelling/atomic force microscope. This allowed researchers for the first time to study the biradical's structure and molecular orbitals in the hope that these types of compounds could one day be used for information storage.
N Pavliček et al, Nat. Nanotechnol., 2017, DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.305


text:
Individual differences |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
Lateral inhibition is a mechanism by which neurons are able to determine more precisely the origin of a stimulus.
When, for instance, the skin is touched by an object, several sensory neurons in the skin next to one another are stimulated. To determine more exactly the origin of the stimulus, neurons that are stimulated suppress the stimulation of neighbouring neurons. The amount of inhibition is greater when its own stimulation is more powerful. By doing so only the neurons that are stimulated the most will fire. These neurons are more in the center of the stimulus, while the surpressed neurons lie sidewards. hence, lateral inhibition.
Lateral inhibition can be compared with increasing the contrast in images.
References & BibliographyEdit
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).|


text:
- 18+ aged general public, China, 2009
- Survey name
- CN-National Household Survey China
- N = 2733
- Non Response
- Interview: face-to-face
- Authors's Label
- Our Classification
- Self-report on single question:
b) Non-professional managerial
c) Professional managerial
d) Not working (reference)
Observed Relation with Happiness
Similar findings are observed among rurals (N= 1195) and rural-to-urban migrants (N=555).
Similar findings are observed among rurals.
Similar findings are observed among rurals and rural-to-urban migrants.
B's controlled for:
- ethnic discimination
- marital status
- ethnic minority


Adam (given name)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 (Redirected from Adam (name))
Jump to: navigation, search
God2-Sistine Chapel.png
Michelangelo's Creation of Adam, from the Sistine Chapel ceiling. The personal name Adam is derivation from Hebrew meaning the ground, from which God created Adam as stated in the Bible
Pronunciation /ˈædəm/
Gender Male
Language(s) Hebrew in Canaan or Mesopotamia; Fertile Crescent
Meaning Comes from the Hebrew word "adama", which means "earth" or "soil"
Other names
See also Adan, Adem
Adam is a common masculine given name.
The personal name Adam derives from the Hebrew noun ha adamah meaning "the ground" or "earth". It is still a Hebrew given name, and its Quranic and Biblical usage has ensured that it is also a common name in all countries which draw on these traditions. It is particularly common in Scotland. In most languages its spelling is the same, although the pronunciation varies somewhat. Adán is the Spanish form of this name.
Adam is also a surname in many countries, although it is not as common in English as its derivative Adams (sometimes spelled Addams). In other languages there are similar surnames derived from Adam, such as Adamo, Adamov, Adamowicz, Adamski etc.
In Arabic, Adam (آدم) means "made from the earth/mud/clay".
People with the given name Adam[edit]
Fictional characters[edit]
See also[edit]


text:
Washington, March 4 (IANS) Married or cohabiting couples who have been mutually violent during pregnancy are likely to have more trouble parenting as a team, a study reveals.
"This finding is helpful because working as a parenting team, is a key influence on everything from mothers' postpartum depression, to sensitive parenting, to the children's emotional and social adjustment," said Mark E. Feinberg, research professor at Penn State University and study co-author.
Researchers interviewed 156 expectant couples at three different times, once before the baby was born, again about six months after the birth of the child and a final time when the baby was approximately 13 months old, the Journal of Family Issues reported.
The interviews determined the degree of physical violence between couples prior to the birth of the baby, and how well couples were able to act as a team while parenting, after the baby was born, according to a university statement.
"The results suggest that working with couples to curtail, or prevent violence in their relationships before the birth of their child, may have positive implications for the development of co-parenting relationships after the child is born," said Feinberg, from the Prevention Research Centre for the Promotion of Human Development at Penn State.
Researchers reported that 29.8 percent of mothers acted violently at least once in the past year, while 17.3 percent of fathers acted violently.
Finding mothers to be more violent than fathers is not an uncommon discovery in average community samples, according to the researchers.


text:
Home / Kid's Yoga Lesson Plans / Outer Space Adventure Based Yoga Lesson Plan Outer Space Adventure Based Yoga Lesson Plan$7.00 Kids Yoga Adventure Story lesson plan for an Outer Space exploration! Pretend to go on an adventure that is outof- thisworld and filled with movement and fun. A fully scripted yoga lesson plan in digital PDF format for kids that includes: 20 full-sized yoga poses and descriptions Introduction Warm-up activity Breathing/mindfulness activity Opening questions and facts Fully scripted adventure story with how to do each pose Visual sequence of the poses in order Guided meditation Art activity Teaching tips Everything you need to teach a 30-60 min kids yoga lesson to children ages 5-13! A fun way to learn about or expand your knowledge on outer space and the solar system through movement, mindfulness, and fun! Outer Space Adventure Based Yoga Lesson Plan quantity — OR — Add to cart Category: Kid's Yoga Lesson Plans Description Reviews (0) Description Are you teaching your students about the solar system or outer space? Would you like to learn a little about outer space with your kiddos while practicing movement, yoga, and mindfulness? Check out this fun adventure story lesson plan that goes out of this world to learn about the solar system! Use this lesson plan at a school, library, studio, at home, or in any setting where you work with kids. This is a full kids yoga lesson plan, recommended for ages 5-13. It is good for such a wide range of kids because there are lots of question prompts of varying levels and tons of material that you can add or omit depending on the age of kids. The lesson can last from 20-60 minutes, or more, depending on how much you choose to include. The Outer Space Adventure themed kids yoga lesson has a greeting, introduction, breathing/mindfulness activity, warm-up activity, game, scripted story of the adventure with yoga poses woven in, images of the kids yoga poses, guided meditation in resting pose, plus an optional craft activities at the end! Everything is written out in easy-to-read language for teaching kids of any age. Your downloadable lesson comes with 20 yoga poses within the lesson plan, AND in full-size printable format, plus pose descriptions. The entire document is 40 printable pages. This is a digital download in PDF format; please make sure you have the software to use this product. You will NOT receive a physical copy in the mail. Reviews There are no reviews yet. Be the first to review "Outer Space Adventure Based Yoga Lesson Plan" Cancel replyYour rating * Rate… Perfect Good Average Not that bad Very poor Your review *Name * Email * Δ This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed. Related products Kids Yoga Lesson Plan – My Many Colored Days0 out of 5 $7.00 Add to cart Kids Yoga Lesson Plan – The Giving Tree0 out of 5 $7.00 Add to cart Kids Yoga Lesson Plan – The Great Kapok Tree0 out of 5 $7.00 Add to cart Kids Yoga Lesson Plan–Journey by Aaron Becker0 out of 5 $7.00 Add to cart
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text: The radiation and propagation of sound energy is represented by time-dependent instantaneous intensity. The concept of sound energy particles and their trajectories is discussed. The time-averaged flux of acoustic energy is represented by acoustic intensity. When measuring sound power radiation the knowledge of intensity fields is important for the selection of measurement points to achieve the desired precision of sound power determination. The near-field intensity of typical sound radiators is shown and the issues of sound power measurements are discussed.


model based on training set. The training data set is used to develop a mathematical model with an integration of Data mining result with RSM [20]. Prediction used to predict the relationship by using regression equation [9]. In this model the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) of response variable is calculated.
Response surface methodology (RSM)
RSM is a set of statistical and mathematical techniques for developing an empirical model [21]. The objective of Design of experiments is to find a relationship between responses (output variable) which is influenced by numerous independent variables.
Assuming that there are p input variables X=(x1, x2, x3 ….xp), and q output variables Z=(z1, z2, z3, ….zq), This response model including both input and output variables can be given by
The surface noted by f (x1, x2) is called a response surface Y. Where f (x), h (x, z), and ε are the part of the model that include the input factors only. This methodology was used to develop a second order regression equation relating response characteristics and process variable. The regression equation used to predict the model. The discovered data is visually represented to the user. The response can be represents either in the three-dimensional space graph or contour plots. It helps to visualize the shape of the response surface Response surface model development is an iterative method. An estimated model is attained, the goodness-of-fit resolves if the solution is reasonable. Otherwise the estimated method is regenerated and more experiments are prepared.
Design of experiments (DoE) is the main part of RSM. The objective of DoE is the selection of the points where the response should be considered.
Model evaluation to test and evaluate the model, 75% of the dataset is used. Instances are extracted and then served as a benchmarking dataset for machine learning problems. The predicted values are very closure to the actual values and also the model gives the best results for remaining test data set.
Results and Discussion
After preprocessing and classification techniques are applied on medical data set, two third of training data set with clinical and histopathological attributes are considered as input variables for develop the model. RSM shows the interaction between dependent and independent attributes.
The following sections are discussed about ANOVA techniques and construct the mathematical models with performance evaluation. The main element of ANOVA table are source of variance, sum of squares, Degree of freedom, mean square, F value, and the probability associated with the F-value. The most dependent attributes are A-Follicular papules, B-Eosinophils in the infiltrate D-Thinning of the suprapapillary epidermis G-Perifollicular parakeratosis. RSM provide the relationship among input parameters are considered as control factors and output class such as psoriasis status of the patient.
The Table 2 shows the ANOVA table for finding psoriasis disease. In general, it can be considered that higher Fisher's Ftest values and lower P values indicate the relative significance of each item. It can be observed in the Table 2. The Model Fvalue of 5483.696 implies the model is significant. There is only a 0.01% chance that a "Model F-Value" this large could occur due to noise. Values of "Prob>F" less than 0.0500 indicate model terms are significant. In this case, A, B, D, G, AD, BD, A2, D2, G2 are significant model terms. Values are greater than 0.1000 indicate; the model terms are not significant. The quadratic model has a higher R2 value (0.9990) than other model (linear, 2FI and cubic model).
Term Sum of squares DoF Mean square F Value p-value (Pro>F)
Model _PHONE_ 9 13.31957 5483.696 < 0.0001
A 3.29E-05 1 3.29E-05 0.013536 0.9078
B 1.538641 1 1.538641 _PHONE_ < 0.0001
D 1.459365 1 1.459365 _PHONE_ < 0.0001
G 0.056748 1 0.056748 23.36328 < 0.0001
AD 0.046298 1 0.046298 19.06079 < 0.0001
BD 0.995054 1 0.995054 409.666 < 0.0001
A2 0.053436 1 0.053436 21.9998 < 0.0001
D2 0.033962 1 0.033962 13.98243 0.0005
G2 0.064206 1 0.064206 26.43365 < 0.0001
Residual 0.123876 51 0.002429
Lack of fit 0.123876 22 0.005631
Standard deviation=0.049
Mean 1.33
Pre.R2 0.9977
Adj. R2 0.9988
Table 2. ANOVA table for psoriasis status.
The general equation for the proposed second order regression model to predict the response can be written as Equation 2.
Y=0.218688 × A+1.99785 × B-0.0013 × D+0.249777 × G-0.01166 × A × D-0.04208 × B × D-0.01161 × A2+0.00872 × D2-0.01568 ×D2→ (2)
Figure 2 shows the interaction between thinning of the suprapapillary epidermis and eosinophils it is evident that, enhance psoriasis increases due to increase the thinning of the suprapapillary epidemis. Similarly eosinophis decreases the psoriasis increases.
Figure 2: Three dimension surface graph for thinning of the suprapapillary epidermis and eosinophils.
The Table 3 shows the percentage of deviation between actual and predicted values. The actual and predicted values are very closer to each other. This Percentage of deviations are plotted in graph and shown in Figure 3. The differences between actual value and predicted values are very minimal. The empirical model has validated by using test data set and it also give 99.9% accuracy.
Figure 3: Percentage of deviation between actual and predicted psoriasis patient.
Sl. No. of data set Psoriasis patient (1) % of deviation
Non psoriasis patient (2)
Actual Predicted
1 1 0.973221 2.677907
2 1 0.973221 2.677907
3 1 0.973221 2.677907
....
58 2 1.986031 0.698475
59 2 2.047594 -2.37968
120 2 2.013595 -0.67973
Table 3. Performance evaluations at developed model with experimental values.
Data mining technology is the fastest growing technology. It is being adopted in biomedical sciences and research. In this work we developed an empirical model by using data mining techniques and response surface methodology. Most of the researchers were concentrated to find out the accuracy of the dataset. Hence in this paper focused to develop the empirical model for the dermatology dataset. It extracts the relationship between dependent attributes and their response in terms of regression equation. This mathematical model may be helpful for medical practioners and researchers. In this model shows other dimension way of predicting and diagnosis the psoriasis disease with a use of data mining techniques. The preprocessing phase get better the quality of obtain result. The RSM proves to be the effective tool for develop a mathematical model for predict the disease. Further, this work can be extended to other diseases.
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If you want to tell somebody to go away you could shout:
"Hau ab!"
However this is considered as not very polite, much like "Get lost!", or "F*** off!". I am wondering where German "Hau ab" comes from to explain why it is considered as rude in usage. What does it mean literally?
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3 Answers 3
up vote 2 down vote accepted
"Hau ab!" is the imperative of abhauen, which has the colloquial meaning (among others) of to escape quickly.
The Duden derives it from hauen, which means to beat and is said to refer to beating a horse with the spurs on your boots. Grimm's dictionary still mentions the meaning to hurry, to run for hauen and gives the same reasoning:
13) hauen endlich für eilen, streben, laufen. diese bedeutung hat wol ihren ausgang von dem einhauen der sporen in des rosses weichen
Together with the prefix ab- (off, away) you get to run away, to get off quickly.
But note that this old meaning of hauen is no longer present, and Grimm's doesn't say abhauen to mean to escape. If they didn't miss it, the verb must have derived this meaning after this part of the dictionary was written, but before hauen lost its meaning of to hurry.
This gives room to a second theory: according to the book Westjiddisches Wörterbuch, the verb abhauen might derive from abbauen, which is Rotwelsch for to escape, to flee and has Yiddish origins. It is further said to have a Hebrew root that means to come.
A Rotwelsch, i.e. thieve's argot, origin might also have contributed to the derogative touch of abhauen, which in turn can also explain (to some degree at least) why "Hau ab" sounds rather rude, as you mention in your question.
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According to this link, hauen used to mean "hurry" or "run" at some point in addition to "beat", probably originating from "beating a horse to make it run faster". "Ab" is a Latin prefix meaning "away from."
So "abhauen" just means "run away".
I don't think it's rude because of its etymology, but because there are very few polite ways to tell someone to go away in general, because a) you're telling someone what to do, and b) you're telling them "I don't want you here." That's going to come across as impolite pretty much regardless of what words you use.
I don't think "Hau ab!" is any more impolite than "Go away!" "F**k off!" is stronger than that, and a better German equivalent would be "Verpiss dich!"
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Nice explanation. "Hau ab" definitely is stronger than "Geh weg". "Verpiss Dich" is used regionally (but less so recently). – Takkat Oct 4 '11 at 8:03
I agree that it's stronger than "Geh weg", but I'd say "Go away" is still a pretty good translation. English doesn't seem to have as many nuanced ways to tell someone to leave. It goes directly from "Go away" to various vulgarities. – Cass Oct 4 '11 at 8:15
But why "ab" and not "weg"? – Takkat Oct 4 '11 at 8:22
+1 for pointing out that "Hau ab" has not to be impolite. For example "Hau ab" is also somthing you could say to a fugitive if the "bad guys" come to get him. – 0x6d64 Oct 4 '11 at 10:55
_USER_ "Hau weg" means something completely different:… – starblue Oct 4 '11 at 12:06
Hau ab, this comes from the verb abhauen, that's a word for "to run away".
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Who talks more…men or women?
There is nothing I love more than a clever phrase to describe a phenomena that bothers me. Last night I found such a phrase in a Jezebel article about gender differences in number of words spoken per day.
The phrase: public domain data.
This describes the phenomena of data that's been so often cited that no one seems to think you need a reference for it anymore (think "you need 8 glasses of water per day").
In this particular article, she brings it up in the context of the assertion that women say more words per day than men do. The most commonly cited data puts it at anywhere from double to quadruple the number…quite a difference by any stretch of the imagination. The problem is the numbers are apparently quite fictional.
The Jezebel piece links to this piece on a blog from UPENN where someone actually tried to track down a study that ever established the numbers quoted. They found that it apparently originated with James Dobson sometime in the late 80's or early 90's, and that he did not seem to have a study to back him up (his actual quote was that "God gave women 50,000 words for the day, and men 25,000").
From there it seems to have changed and distorted, but it does not seem anyone has actually sat down and counted the number of words men and women said.
If you think about it, this would be a really hard study to do. I mean, I think most people would knee-jerk agree that women talk more than men, but we have to remember that we're only thinking of social situations. Your choice of profession would HEAVILY skew how many words you were saying per day. I mean, my brother the biology teacher is by far the quietest member of my immediate family when we get together. However, I would hazard a guess that 5 days out of the week he likely says more words than I do. I mean, he teaches. He has to say words. I spend at least half my day analyzing data. No words needed. I also have a longer commute (no talking needed) and unless I'm giving a presentation all of my meetings involve giving people equal time to talk. But of course people who met us wouldn't count his professional speaking. It would be clear to everyone that I talk more…unless you had a researcher study us on an average day.
Additionally, even if this stat had been true in 1993, how would we count it today? In 1993, most social communication was verbal. How would we count blogging, Twitter, Reddit or texting? It feels strange to count those as words, but also strange to not include them.
I mean, the little lord's been taking his morning nap for the past hour or so. In that time I have commented on 4 blogs, written two emails, one Facebook message, and written this post. For research purposes though, I haven't said a word. Interesting, isn't it?
3 thoughts on "Who talks more…men or women?
 1. I tend to take half the conversational space, no matter how many people are present. Not likely to be actually true, but close. Yet there are situations in which I say almost nothing, and others where I avoid having to go because I would be expected to talk and I don't want to.
 Plus I talk to myself, sort of out loud, a lot. Do those count? And as you note, texts, tweets, comments…how do you score a forwarded link or a forwarded photo?
 Eh, why bother? Everyone knows women talk more than men, right?
 2. Well, if you wanted to measure how many words a person speaks, you'd need to clip a microphone to their shirt. (And somehow convince them to behave normally.)
 Then you'd have to ask whether a person talking to themselves counts. And you'd have to distinguish "talking to self" from "giving a presentation" and "teaching a class."
 If there really is a difference…
 Great point, though, on "public domain data".
 3. I think when I read the comments by James Dobson, I was also wondering if talking to babies counts. I mean, I talk to the little lord most of the time I'm with him, but that's more about trying to help engage him and language development than expression.
 I think what this gets down to is that there's lots of different types of speech, and we'd have to be quite precise with what we were measuring before we figured out who said more.
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text:
Geotechnical Engineering Behavior of NMR Mine Area
Waste management issue in mining industry has become increasingly important. In this regard, construction of tailings embankment or dams play an important role. Most of the tailings dams require some kinds of remedial actions during their operational life time, wherein PT Newmont Minahasa Raya (NMR), a mine company in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, has established a new forest covering 215 ha aimed at functioning as a rainwater catchment area to recharge associated groundwater systems. Two different material models were utilized during the finite element computations, comparing the performance of the more advanced constitutive Soft Soil material model, (Soft Soil Model, SSM) against the Mohr-Coulomb material model (Mohr-Coulomb Model, MCM) commonly used today. Practical geotechnical analysis of the stability of embankment, reservoir or dams construction is done by using a computer program Plaxis calculations based on the Finite Element Method for analyzing the value of deformation with stage construction phases of time consolidation to height of slope and value safety factor of MCM and SSM.
KeywordsGeotechnical, Engineering, NMR, Mine Area.


text:
Hair Loss in Ferrets
Treatment is dependent on the underlying cause of the hair loss. For example, tumors are excised in the case of cancer, and adrenal glands are surgically removed in the case of adrenal disease. Parasites, on the other hand, are removed using creams or other topical agents. Consult your veterinarian for the best course of treatment in your ferret's case.
Living and Management
Bring the ferret to the veterinarian for regular follow-up appointments so that they may monitor the animal's condition and the progress of the treatment.
As there are numerous causes for alopecia, no specific prevention method can be recommended. However, a healthy lifestyle, well-balanced diet with sufficient protein, and general cleanliness of the ferret's habitat may be helpful in avoiding needless hair loss.
The term for a type of medication that impacts immunity, metabolism, sexual characteristics, and other such elements of a living thing
Any type of arachnid excluding ticks
A condition in which growth and development are not up to normal standards
A condition of the blood in which normal red blood cell counts or hemoglobin are lacking.
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Fungal Infection (Dermatophytosis) of the...
Dermatophytosis is a rare form of fungal infection in ferrets affecting primarily...
Fungal Infection (Ringworm) in Ferrets
Ringworms Ringworms is a typical fungal disease which...
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text:
what is the difference between authentication and authorization
Authentication is the process of obtaining identification credentials such as name and password from a user and validating those credentials against some authority. If the credentials are valid, the entity that submitted the credentials is considered an authenticated identity. Once an identity has been authenticated, the authorization process determines whether that identity has access to a given resource.
The purpose of authorization is to determine whether an identity should be granted the requested type of access to a given resource
If you are facing any programming issue, such as compilation errors or not able to find the code you are looking for.
Ask your questions, our development team will try to give answers to your questions.


text:
White wheat and flaked wheat are both adjuncts and should be used in conjunction with a base malt (like wheat malt). From John Palmer's book on the former two adjuncts:
Unmalted wheat is a common ingredient in wheat beers, including: American Wheat, Bavarian Weisse, and is essential to Belgian Lambic and Wit. It adds starch haze and high levels of protein. Flaked wheat adds more wheat flavor "sharpness" than malted wheat. Use 0.5-2 lb. per 5 gal batch. Must be mashed with base malt.
From the same book on wheat malt:
Wheat has been used for brewing beer nearly as long as barley and has equal diastatic power. Malted wheat is used for 5-70% of the mash depending on the style. Wheat has no outer husk and therefore has fewer tannins than barley. It is generally smaller than barley and contributes more protein to the beer, aiding in head retention. But it is much stickier than barley due to the higher protein content and may cause lautering problems if not given a "Protein Rest" during the mash.
EDIT: As per Denny's comment, unmalted wheat like your white wheat and flaked wheat (and torrified wheat, among others) require a base malt in order to convert the proteins and starches in the wheat to fermentable sugars. If you ferment only with unmalted wheats, you will simply end up with a wheatmeal sticky mess that won't lauter very well, and won't have any sugars for fermentation. By adding a base malt rich with enzymes (as most are), those enzymes will help break down the wheat into fermentable sugars. This is what diastatic power is, the grain's ability to break down it's starches into fermentable sugars during mashing. Since unmalted wheat has no diastatic power, yet it does have fermentable potential, it has to rely on another (base) grain's diastatic power to hold the unmalted wheat's hand as they cross the road to fermentable-wort-street (so to speak).


text:
- Imperial Horse Graveyard
Near the retired Horse Stables was their graveyard:
The old horses are allowed to walk about in the meadow during summer. On the other side of the stable is a burial ground where a row of marble slabs mark the resting places of the favorite horses. Here lies "Ami" the horse that was with the Emperor Alexander I in Paris; "Flora", the horse that carried the Emperor Nicholas at Varna; and "Cob" the horse, which the late Tsar Alexander III used to ride, when he reviewed his troops.


text:
Types of traditional settlements and forms of folk houses
Course Syllabus 课程章节1
Settlement is the general name of various forms of human settlements. This class mainly teaches the types of traditional settlements in Shanxi, namely urban settlements and rural settlements. Feel the site selection and layout characteristics of these two settlements through real photos.On this basis, it introduces the forms of folk houses in Shanxi. Shanxi folk houses follow the general law of the construction of folk houses in other local settlements, draw local materials and adjust measures to local conditions. However, due to the great differences in natural and geographical conditions, the forms and styles of folk houses in Shanxi traditional settlements are very different. With the accumulation of years, these residential forms constitute the distinctive characteristics of Shanxi settlements and have unique artistic value.


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While downloading Fedora Linux, they offer two options for download that I don't know the difference to: x86 and i386. So what'sthe difference between them?
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In what context? – Kaleb Pederson Jan 27 '10 at 6:04
I downloaded fedora12, and it said 1386. I am aware of both i386 and x86. Now it made me wonder if both were same. – X10nD Jan 27 '10 at 6:12
Hurry!! The motherboards are approaching, I must have an answer. /s – Charlie Salts Jan 27 '10 at 6:36
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closed as off topic by George Stocker Nov 27 '12 at 17:41
4 Answers
i386 is just one the first model in the x86 familly of processors, and instructions sets.
For more informations, you might want to take a look at :
Quoting the second page :
The term x86 refers to a family of instruction set architectures[1] based on the Intel 8086. The term is derived from the fact that many early processors that are backward compatible with the 8086 also had names ending in "86".
And, quoting the first one :
The Intel 80386, also known as the i386, or just 386,[1] was a 32-bit microprocessor introduced by Intel in 1985. [...]
As the original implementation of the 32-bit extensions to the 8086 architecture, the 80386 instruction set, programming model, and binary encodings are still the common denominator for all 32-bit x86 processors.
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so in short x86 is the same as i386 – X10nD Jan 27 '10 at 6:15
Only in the same sense that a skyscraper is an Empire State Building. One is an architecture and the other is an exemplification of that architecture. Do you understand the difference? – Jens Sep 6 '11 at 14:30
Actually the 8086 was the first in the series, as shown in the quotation. – tripleee Nov 26 '12 at 21:09
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80386/i386 was the first 32-bit Intel processor. When it was introduced, lot of compilers started using i386 as a flag to turn code-generation for it, a name for various temporary files, and architecture denominations in file names. 80386 was succeeded by 486, 586 (aka Pentium) and the rest of the x86 architecture CPUs. But the i386 stuck around as a label and is used as an alias to x86 (just like amd is used as an alias to x64 architecture, even though there are Intel x64 processors as well).
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I still remember having the i386 directory for WIndows NT 4 lying around on smoe hard disk to install Windows without having to find the CD :-). Back in the time when Windows supported MIPS and Alpha ;-) – Јοеу Jan 27 '10 at 6:21
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It's just another synonym for the same architecture. It's not entirely accurate but the 80386 is the original implementation of the 32-bit x86 instruction set and the common denominator for all following CPUs of that arch.
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80386 (i386) was the first implementation of the 32-bit x86 architecture (x86-32). There were also the 16-bit 80186 and 80286 (x86-16) before it. :-) – Franci Penov Jan 27 '10 at 6:11
_USER_: Argh, thanks. Still too early here ;-) – Јοеу Jan 27 '10 at 6:19
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i386 is more specific than x86, but yes, they're approximately the same.
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text:
Cows have regional accents, experts confirm
Major bovine linguistic breakthrough
In a major breakthrough in bovine linguistic research, experts have confirmed that cows moo with accents distinct to their herd, the BBC reports.
John Wells, professor of Phonetics at the University of London, examined West Country farmers' claims that their beasts were mooing with a local twang.
Lloyd Green of Glastonbury said: "I spend a lot of time with my ones and they definitely moo with a Somerset drawl. I've spoken to the other farmers in the West Country group and they have noticed a similar development in their own herds. It works the same as with dogs - the closer a farmer's bond is with his animals, the easier it is for them to pick up his accent."
Professor Wells confirmed Green's observations, explaining: "This phenomenon is well attested in birds. You find distinct chirping accents in the same species around the country. In small populations such as herds you would encounter identifiable dialectical variations which are most affected by the immediate peer group."
Linguistics expert Dr Jeanine Treffers-Daller of University of the West of England in Bristol, ruminated: "When we are learning to speak, we adopt a local variety of language spoken by our parents, so the same could be said about the variation in the West Country cow moo."
The latest findings will do much to expand our understanding of the bovine world, which has in the last couple of years been enhanced by the revelations that cows enjoy a bit of girl-on-girl and bear grudges. ®


Over 200,000 Fish Found Dead in Argentine Lake
Environmental officials have several possible theories about what could have caused this, including insufficient oxygen in the water. That could have led to respiratory dysfunction or water contamination. Another possibility is that some sort of poisonous substance was dumped in the lake.
Because the lake supplies water to several nearby towns, the reservoir's water quality has been tested and the results will be announced in the upcoming days. Lake Ipizca, which attracts about 400 fishermen and water sports fans a week, will remain closed until this mystery has been solved.
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OverviewDosageSide EffectsInteractionsHalf-Life
When many patients start taking this medication for high blood pressure, they wonder "how long does it take for metoprolol to work?"
Metoprolol – How Long Does It Take to Work?
Metoprolol tartrate can begin to take effect in just two hours, but it may take up to a week to take full effect.
What is the peak time for metoprolol?
Metoprolol tartrate reaches its peak effect one to two hours after oral administration, and 20 minutes after intravenous (IV) administration when infused over 10 minutes.
How long does it take for metoprolol tartrate to take effect?
Oral metoprolol tartrate taken by mouth can have significant effects on heart rate within an hour, and the effects last for 6 to 12 hours depending on the dose. It takes only 20 minutes for injectable metoprolol tartrate to cause significant effects; a single injection lasts for approximately 5 to 8 hours, depending on the dose.
Do beta-blockers work immediately?
Injectable metoprolol can take effect within 20 minutes.
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text:
Typically, a mail address has the following format. For further details, refer to Route–Independent Mail Addresses.
user@subdomain.....subdomain2.subdomain1.top-level-domain
The part of the address to the left of the @ sign is the local address. The local address can contain the following.
Information about routing with another mail transport (for example, bob::vmsvax@gateway or smallberries%mill.uucp@gateway)
An alias (for example, iggy.ignatz)
The receiving mailer is responsible for determining what the local part of the address means. For information about mailers, refer to Mailers and sendmail.
The part of the address to the right of the @ sign shows the domain levels, which is where the local address resides. A dot separates each subdomain. The domain part of the address can be an organization, a physical area, or a geographic region. Furthermore, the order of domain information is hierarchical, so the more local the subdomain, the closer the subdomain is to the @ sign.


text:
Post Acute Myocardial Infraction Patient are being under diagnosis for psychological distress disorders such as depression, anxiety, and post traumatuc.
Research Question and Problem
Assignment: Please write a research question and problem with supporting literature. The question should contain independent variable and dependent variable. The question should state what type of study will be performed (quantitative study or qualitative study).
1.My topic statement is psychological distress in post-acute myocardial infraction (MI) patients. The problem is that many times this patient population is being under diagnosis for psychological distress disorders like depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. The problem is there is no specific nursing assessment tool that have been developed to help nurses working with this patient population assess and pick up on signs and symptoms of psychological distress disorder in order for this post-acute MI patients can get psychological distress disorder treatment early.
Is there a difference in detecting psychological distress disorders like depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder early in post-acute (MI) patients who complete a psychological questionnaire with a nurse before discharge and those who do not complete psychological questionnaire with a nurse before discharge?
The independent variable is psychological discharge questionnaire by nurse before discharge. The dependent variable is detecting psychological distress disorders such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder early in post-acute (MI) patients. Post-acute MI patients are times psychological distress disorders are under diagnosed in this patient population. It is also important to examine the associated factors which might favor greater distress such as (family history and number of MI etc).


text:
Associate Professor of Computer Science, Hakim Weatherspoon, and Associate Professor of Information Science, Phoebe Sengers have received a major National Science Foundation (NSF) Award to explore the social impact of networked farms. In a project entitled "Understanding and Improving the Social Impact of High-Bandwidth Farm Networking Infrastructure," the investigators explain:
The goals of this project are to (1) investigate the potential social impact of ubiquitous, low-cost, high-bandwidth communication infrastructure on America's farms, and (2) develop options for improving the social impact of these technologies. New networking solutions to support high-bandwidth on-farm data communication will enable the collection of massive amounts of sensor data, its transmission to the cloud or other servers, and its processing and use for agricultural decisionmaking. These shifts stand poised to transform agricultural production and economic organization. This project will pursue values in design research into next generation network solutions for agriculture, as well as empirical research with agricultural stakeholders currently engaging information-rich approaches to farm management. The project will integrate concerns of agribusiness stakeholders into the early stages of on-farm networking development; foster informed discussion among technical, agricultural, and policy stakeholders about the potential social impact of this technology; and develop and disseminate practical policy and design options to improve the social impact of on-farm networking. It will support the training of students from underrepresented groups in research through summer research workshops in networking, design for social impact, and the futures of digital agriculture.
The research adapts techniques to integrate societal considerations in the early stages of technology design, in order to manage the specific challenges that come up in addressing the social impact of infrastructure. The project will (1) use ethnographic participant-observation in the development of farm networking technology and collaboration with technical partners to identify moments where technical decisions could be associated with social impact challenges; (2) conduct fieldwork with agricultural stakeholders to analyze how existing infrastructures incorporating analogous technologies are shaping and shaped by emerging social practices to create specific impacts; (3) develop future design scenarios that flesh out and concretize potential relationships between technological decisions, future policies and organizational practices, and the resulting benefits and drawbacks; and (4) use these scenarios to collaboratively identify specific technical, organizational, and policy options that could improve the benefits or reduce the drawbacks of on-farm high-bandwidth communication technologies.


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Assistant Professorship tenure track in Remote Sensing Fundamentals and Methods
We are seeking candidates in the field of remote sensing with a focus on fundamentals and methods. The aim of the new professorship in Remote Sensing Fundamentals and Methods is to respond to the substantial and rapidly evolving needs for scientific remote sensing theory, method development, sensor experimentation and data pro-cessing, and to complement existing expertise at the Department of Geography and the University of Zurich UZH). The successful candidate will bring a strong emphasis on geographically focussed remote sensing theory and methods enabling the development and exploitation of existing and novel remote sensing sensors, data acquisition and processing, physical-based/hybrid methods, and diversifying applications of remote sensing to geography and earth systems research. The professor will be expected to teach at the bachelor and master level in English and German (the latter after three years).
UZH provides generous research support, including dedicated funds for personnel, running expenses and competi-tive start-up packages. Additionally, the successful applicant is expected to acquire external research funding. Zur-ich's scientific environment encompasses a rich spectrum of diverse activities in remote sensing. Assistant professors tenure track are typically evaluated for tenure after 6 years. The employment conditions for this position follow UZH's legal regulations including part-time options. UZH is an equal-opportunities employer, and the Faculty of Science, in particular, strives to increase the percentage of women in leading positions. Therefore, quali-fied female researchers are particularly encouraged to apply. Care-time interruptions are considered during the eval-uation of applicants of all genders.
The open-minded and family-friendly city of Zurich combines the vibrant cultural scene in a modern European city with the convenient accessibility to its beautiful natural surroundings.
Applicants are kindly invited to submit their applications, which should include:
The evaluation processes at UZH and its Faculty of Science follow the DORA recommendations for assessing research quality and impact. Applicants are thus asked to refrain from referring to non-personal measures such as impact factors.
Please upload your application to _URL_ by 24th July 2022.
For further information, please contact the head of the Department of Geography, Prof. Dr. Jan Seibert (_EMAIL_).


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More and more employers are realizing the positive effects of flexible work arrangements on business outcomes and positive work attitude. Of course there are still some doubts and uncertainties about flexible work remaining to be addressed. Although within a wide selection of different forms of flexibility every company should be able to find a way to make the most out of flexible work. Not every form of work suits every company, so it is important to review your options before implementing a flexible work policy.
Whether it be through flexitime schedules, compressed work weeks, job sharing, remote work or part-time work, not only the companies and economies can profit and grow. We can all do our share in creating a healthier environment and employing happier and healthier employees.
Whole countries are beginning to recognize this. Some of them have already made it legal to request a flexible work arrangement.
Where in the world do employees have a legal right to request a flexible work arrangement?
France The Netherlands Germany The United Kingdom Belgium New Zealand Finland Australia USA (San Francisco, Vermont, New Hampshire and federal government employees)
The laws in each country are a bit different. What they all have in common is the employee's ability to request a flexible work arrangement from their employer without negative consequences.
How does employee apply for flexible work?
There are usually a few conditions for an employee to make the statutory application for a flexible work arrangement:
- employee needs to file a written application, stating what kind of flexible arrangement they propose, starting when, how the arrangement might affect business and how this could be dealt with,
- they have to be employed at the current company for at least a certain period of time,
- they can only file one application in a certain time frame, usually within one year.
In what case can employer refuse a request?
It should still be noted that in all cases, employers have the right to refuse any request for flexibility on business grounds, such as:
- there will be extra costs that will damage the business
- flexible arrangement will affect quality and performance
- the work can't be effectively reorganized among other staff
- the business won't be able to meet customer demand
- there's a lack of work during the proposed working times
However, the employer is obliged to review every request carefully and respond to it in writing in a certain period, usually no longer than in a month. In case the request is declined, the employer needs to state the reasons for their decision.
When both parties agree on the arrangement, an employer should write a statement of the agreed changes and accordingly change the employee's work contract. They should also set a start date for the new arrangement and set the length of a trial period, if they agreed on it.
Please refer to the work attendance policy of each of the countries to get exact information on requirements for a certain country.
Track your flexible work hours with All Hours. Try it out for free, all features included:
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To perform clustering or similarity searches on trajectories of moving objects, an appropriate definition of the distance (or similarity) between two trajectories is important. Typically, the trajectory of a moving object is represented as a sequence of consecutive locations in a twoor three-dimensional space, in contrast to the one-dimensional case, which is common in timeseries databases [33, 52]. In addition, distances for moving object trajectories should be robust to outliers since measurements in mobile environments are noisy and the movement of objects may contain "gaps." Some distance measures proposed for moving object trajectories are investigated below.
For example, consider two trajectories of moving objects on the (x, y)-plane given as A = ((ax,1, ay,1),…, (ax,n, ay,n)) and B = ((bx,1, by,1),…, (bx,m, by,m)). Their lengths are n and m, respectively. When n = m, we can apply the Euclidean distance (L2 distance), which is simple and also the most popular:
Although the Euclidean distance can be evaluated efficiently, it cannot be applied when two trajectories have different lengths.


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The Evolution and Excellence of Swiss Turning
Swiss turning, a unique and specialized process in the world of machining, boasts a rich history and technological advancements that make it a go-to for high precision turned parts. Let's take a deeper dive into this remarkable technique and understand why it is so widely revered.
A Journey Through Time
Swiss turning traces its roots back to the 19th century in Switzerland. At the time, there was a growing demand for miniature screws to support the thriving watch industry. To cater to this demand, the Swiss Screw machine, known by various names such as the Swiss Lathe, Swiss Automatic, and Sliding Headstock Lathe, was developed. This ingenious invention far surpassed the precision of the traditional "fixed headstock" lathes, particularly for minuscule parts. Read More


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On 23 June 2013, South Africa served a notice of termination in respect of its BIT with Spain, thus ensuring that the investment treaty will terminate on 23 December 2013. Pursuant to Article XII of the BIT, the treaty entered into force for a period of 10 years from 23 December 1999, and thereafter for consecutive 2 year periods, unless terminated by 6 months' notice before the date of expiry.
Investments made or acquired prior to 23 December 2013 will, however, continue to benefit from protection until 23 December 2023, by virtue of the survival clause in the BIT.
Those wishing to invest in South Africa should include contractual investment protection mechanisms, consider carefully how their investment is structured, and keep appraised of developments further to South Africa's redistributive Black Economic Empowerment policy.
In 2007, investors from Luxembourg and Italy investor brought a claim against South Africa under the ICSID additional facility rules, arguing that South Africa's Mining and Petroleum Resources Development Act (MPRDA) contained provisions that expropriated their mineral rights. The MPRDA forms part of South Africa's Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) Policy (an affirmative action policy), and requires, among other things, equity in mining companies to be partly owned by 'Historically Disadvantaged Persons'. In 2010, the parties settled the claim, and in the immediate aftermath of the settlement, South Africa launched its review of its BITs. Concluding that BITs 'pose risks and limitations on the ability of the government to pursue its constitutional-based transformation agenda', South Africa terminated its BIT with Belgium and Luxembourg.
The South African cabinet decided that all 'first generation' BITs (those concluded in the immediate post-apartheid period) should be reviewed with a view to termination. The South African Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) has raised concerns about investor-state arbitration as a dispute resolution mechanism, and has mooted the formulation of a new model BIT without such provisions.
The South African Trade and Industry Minister has stated that South Africa will continue to protect foreign investment, but will do so through a legislative framework rather than through 'old-style, dated, antiquated bilateral investment treaties'. The international reaction to this has been tepid, with EU trade commissioner Karel de Gucht stating: 'Investors are watching developments very carefully. It only takes a critical mass of measures before investors decide to defer investments in South Africa.' Canada, which has attempted to strengthen its African trade ties, has likewise reacted unfavourably, with the minister for international trade describing the move as 'very disappointing'.
Investors may consider that South Africa's stance towards BITs reflects a desire to advance its broad-based BEE policy. The redistributive aspects of this policy could be incompatible with the expropriation and fair and equitable treatment provisions in most BITs. It is likely that South Africa is adopting a targeted approach to its termination of BITs. Publically available information suggests that it has not yet sought to terminate any other BITs, even where it is entitled to do so. However, as is good practice investors should consider various methods of protecting their investments. These include:
- The conclusion of a well drafted investment agreement with the government, incorporating stabilisation clauses and effective dispute resolution provisions;
- The selection of an appropriate JV partner;
- Choosing an appropriate investment structure;
- Keeping fully appraised of the political drive for redistributive BEE policies.


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Invicta - Ignis
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Category: Stove Client: Invicta Design Competition Completed: 2012
 - The domestication of fire by man was a turning point in its history. It is now time to give it back its meaning as a "living object" of the habitat, an interior element with its place in the heart of our uses.
 The living space is moving increasingly towards scholars games of concealment, it offers the user to make the invisible visible in order to arouse his curiosity.
 This project proposes to support these new uses that reinforce the idea that the fire is and will remain central to our lives.
 Ignis is a Latin word meaning "spirit" and it is the spirit of fire that we have to transpose into a warm object. Beyond lighting and heating, it proposes a more dreamlike use, conducive to contemplation and interacts with the viewer.
 Ignis is a radiant stove, wanting revisit the place of fire insied the habitat. It offers an innovative design and is integrates it into warm life scenarios, and provides a scattering light, efficient, functional and emotional. Its intuitive use gives it a leading role in the development of rituals, as a storage for fire, a meeting point and a relaxation place. It can be used in a frontal configuration or as center part. Finally, his second skin allows it to distribute heat more gently.
 - Ignis acts as a filter of the light emitted by the fire, he then transcribed into a kind light protest. By delicate play of shadow and light its facade was designed as a living wall. It transposes the fire in a gradient of yellowish glow, sometimes vermilion, with fire sparks suspended in the air. The light is more or less diffuse, flickering and brief.
 Ignis steps forward as a true piece of furniture. As such it will shape the space as a main element, a module or a junction unit. Ignis is a volume with clear lines, a balance between minimalism and maximalism. Its sleek design has been especially studied to adapt to a variety of indoor environments and give a special note to the habitat.
 Ignis is a framework for fire, its pure line magnifies it and does not disturb the reading. It is an inside composition, a living nature, dramatized by light and modulated by the user.
 Its perforated walls work as a mobile veiling device. They hide part or every of the light emitted by the fireplace to create a scene and give a second graphic vocabulary to the object. These filters transform a screen flame in a mysterious light, playing on mobility flickering fire. The eye is drawn to the illuminated pattern, it is almost alive.
 A rail allows to slide the walls, prompting the user to interact with the fireplace. It can be fully visible, partially hidden, or completely hidden.
 Its appearance and proportions are voluntary based on home furnishings storage, like the sideboard. For this reason the upper plan can accommodate objects and the right side can serve as a reserve for wood logs. His cast iron feet bring him stability and lightness by taking its up off the ground.
 - Finally, the color is of fundamental importance in structuring our home, it allows the dynamic, it permits us to project our character and our emotions. Ignis plans to develop a custom range of colors to expand the vision of the stove in our mind.A blue calm and reassuring contrast with the strong character of the flames. A red symbol of vitality and power. A khaki green, a soothing and more natural color. A white bringing a spirit of relaxation and lightness. A black symbol of tradition, expertise and mastery of material.
 Industrial Design : Julien Bergignat
Comments: ( Comments )


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How Far is Sydney?
- You will need a world map, rulers, and string for this activity.
- Instruct your students to find the distance between the city where you live and Sydney, Australia, the site of the 2000 summer Olympiad. They can measure the distance with the string and then measure the string, or they can just use the rulers - whichever they prefer.
- Post a list of cities/nations form around the world, and have them find the distance from each of these cities to Sydney.
- They should then list the cities in order from the closest to Sydney to the furthest away. They can estimate the time it took for competitors from each location to get to the Olympic games.


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The compass bearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change
Description of scenario:
Vessel A: Power-driven vessel Vessel B: Power-driven vessel Area: On the high seas Visibility: Good (Vessels in sight of one another) Vessel A and vessel B are crossing Vessel A has vessel B on her own starboard side (relative bearing STBD 054°) No change in bearing taken at interval of time, CPA=0
Applying the Rule(s) and comments:
In accordance with Rule 7 (Risk of collision), risk of collision shall be deemed to exist if the compass bearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change. Comments: If the bearing (compass or relative) taken visually or with radar at interval of time does not appreciable change, than the risk of collision shall be deemed to exist. How often to take bearing from other vessel depends on situation (range between vessels, vessels relative speed, area of navigation, vessels characteristics, navigational equipment, visibility). To be able to decide if a risk of collision exists, bearing on the other vessel should be taken as soon as it is sighted and then repeated in appropriate intervals. In open water, bearing should be taken as soon as it comes over the horizon. It is advisable not to wait until the vessel is close before starting to take bearings.
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission.This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.


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Delayed population explosion of an introduced butterfly.
1. The causes of lagged population and geographical range expansions after species introductions are poorly understood, and there are relatively few detailed case studies. 2. We document the 29-year history of population dynamics and structure for a population of Euphydryas gillettii Barnes that was introduced to the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA in 1977. 3. The population size remained low (< 200 individuals) and confined to a single habitat patch (approximately 2.25 ha) to 1998. These values are similar to those of many other populations within the natural geographical range of the species. 4. However, by 2002 the population increased dramatically to > 3000 individuals and covered approximately 70 ha, nearly all to the south of the original site. The direction of population expansion was the same as that of predominant winds. 5. By 2004, the butterfly's local distribution had retracted mainly to three habitat patches. It thus exhibited a'surge/contraction' form of population growth. Searches within 15 km of the original site yielded no other new populations. 6. In 2005, butterfly numbers crashed, but all three habitat patches remained occupied. The populations within each patch did not decrease in the same proportions, suggesting independent dynamics that are characteristic of metapopulations. 7. We postulate that this behaviour results, in this species, in establishment of satellite populations and, given appropriate habitat structure, may result in lagged or punctuated expansions of introduced populations.
Boggs, CL; Holdren, CE; Kulahci, IG; Bonebrake, TC; Inouye, BD; Fay, JP; McMillan, A; Williams, EH; Ehrlich, PR
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Roscoe Holcomb
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Roscoe Holcomb
Roscoe Holcomb in 1962
Background information
Birth name Roscoe Halcomb
Born (1912-09-05)September 5, 1912
Origin Daisy, Kentucky, USA
Genres Folk, bluegrass, country, gospel, old-time music
Occupation(s) Miner, construction worker, Farmer, Musician
Instruments Banjo, Guitar, Harmonica
Years active 1958–1978
Roscoe Holcomb, (born as Roscoe Halcomb[1] September 5, 1912 – died February 1, 1981) was an American singer, banjo player, and guitarist from Daisy, Kentucky. A prominent figure in Appalachian folk music, Holcomb was the inspiration for the term "high, lonesome sound," coined by folklorist and friend John Cohen. The "high lonesome sound" term is now used to describe bluegrass singing, although Holcomb was not, strictly speaking, a bluegrass performer.
Life and performance style[edit]
Holcomb's repertoire included old-time music, hymns, traditional music and blues ballads. In addition to playing the banjo and guitar, he was a competent harmonica and fiddle player, and sang many of his most memorable songs a cappella.
A coal miner, construction laborer and farmer for much of his life, Holcomb was not recorded until 1958, after which his career as a professional musician was bolstered by the folk revival in the 1960s. Holcomb gave his last live performance in 1978. Due to what he described as injuries he sustained during his long career as a laborer, Holcomb was eventually unable to work for more than short periods, and his later income came primarily from his music. Suffering from asthma and emphysema as a result of working in coal mines, he died in 1981 at the age of 68.
Holcomb's discography includes:[3]
External links[edit]


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I have heard that there is no limit on the growth of trees, but then why do some trees, such as boxelders and poplars, tend to live shorter than redwoods, for example? Some advertisements for improved lombardy poplars state that their trees have an extended life span, up to 75 years?
Although most plants can potentially reproduce sexually, there are some plants that effectively always reproduce by shedding off branches that when fall in the right conditions, grow into new 'clones' of the same tree, which the exact genetic material. In these cases, it is advantageous for the tree to be able to survive as long as possible. Plants that reproduce sexually by the cross of two different individuals have a recombined genetic material in every generation, and the survival of that plant with that new genome is usually shorter.


Female Officer History
Female officer history :
The first woman hired in the United States as a Police Officer was Alice Stebbin Wells.
She was born on June 13 1873.
Alice was a pentecostal minister in Kansas, and through her work with the church, became familiar with issues involving juveniles and women and their victimization in crime.
Particularly due to their vulnerabilities, and what she believed to be an inability of the Police to empathize with their plight, Alice decided to pursue a career with the Police.
It wasn't easy. She wasn't welcomed in with open arms. Alice petitioned the Los Angeles Mayor, police commissioner and city council, before she was finally successful. Alice joined the Los Angeles Police Department, and was sworn in on September 12, 1910, becoming not only the first female Police Officer in the United States, but it is also believed, the world.
During her employment she also founded and was the first president of the International Association of Police Women.
She worked to promote acceptance and hiring of female officers, in both the United States and Canada.
Alice retired from the LAPD in 1940. She passed away on Aug. 17, 1957
Return from Female Officer History to Homepage


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Utopias: A Brief History from Ancient Writings to Virtual Communities
May 2012, Wiley-Blackwell
This price is valid for United States. Change location to view local pricing and availability.
This brief history connects the past and present of utopian thought, from the first utopias in ancient Greece, right up to present day visions of cyberspace communities and paradise.
- Explores the purpose of utopias, what they reveal about the societies who conceive them, and how utopias have changed over the centuries
- Unique in including both non-Western and Western visions of utopia
- Explores the many forms utopias have taken – prophecies and oratory, writings, political movements, world's fairs, physical communities – and also discusses high-tech and cyberspace visions for the first time
- The first book to analyze the implicitly utopian dimensions of reform crusades like Technocracy of the 1930s and Modernization Theory of the 1950s, and the laptop classroom initiatives of recent years


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4 April 2014
OECD Conference Centre, Paris
Part of the OECD's work on state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and inclusive growth, this workshop focused on learning lessons from the experience of developing countries aiming to emulate apparent success stories with using SOEs as part of the development process.
Discussions addressed the following questions:
- Over the past decades, what role has been assigned to state interventionism in selected countries in the context of development strategies and industrial policy?
- How has this role been implemented through corporate action, e.g. SOEs, publicly-owned development banks or special-purpose vehicles?
- What are the main conclusions regarding the feasibility of approaches?
Background papers presented by their authors shed light on experiences with using SOEs as agents of development in Asia; South Africa; Latin America; and, the Middle East and North Africa.
Representatives from governments, the private sector, trade unions, civil society and academia attended the workshop.
See also: The role of SOEs in economic development in China
DOCUMENTS AND BACKGROUND MATERIAL
Managing state assets to achieve developmental goals: The case of Singapore and other countries in the region
Role of SOEs in India's economic development
SOEs in Brazil: History and lessons
Evolution of SOEs in South Africa
SOEs in the Middle East and North Africa English | Arabic
CONTACT - Please contact Ms. Yunhee Kim if you require further information.
Corporate governance of state-owned enterprises
Working Party on State Ownership and Privatisation Practices


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SPECIALIZATION COURSES (English)
Creativity and innovation in the kitchen (English)
The work in the kitchen is a constant investigation. Dates: 17/02/20 – 27/03/20
Theoretical – practical course comprised by four work areas: concept and characteristics of creativity, experiences and innovation and creativity trends, knowledge and practice of the techniques of new technologies and molecular cuisine, and introduction to the research in the cuisine by institutions and persons with experience in the field of R&D+i.
- Duration: 5 weeks, from February 17th to March 27th, 2020.
- Language: The classes will be given in English.
- Schedule: From Monday to Friday from 15:00 to 20:00. Additionally, some classes might be in the mornings.
Creativity and Innovation in the Kitchen, 8 ECTS
- Introduction to creativity in cooking
- Experiences of innovation and future tendencies in cooking
- Innovation and Creativity
- Master Sessions of Great Chefs and experts
Completion of the module entitles students to the Specialization Diploma in Kitchen Creativity and Innovation in the kitchen by the University College of Hospitality Management and Culinary Arts of Sant Pol de Mar.
To study the Specialization Courses, it is necessary to follow the admission and enrolment process:
- Make the request of the course by means of the website form.
- Submit to the Admissions Department your Curriculum Vitae, stating your previous experience in gastronomy.
- If considered necessary, you can have an Admission interview with the Academic Director.
- Complete the Admission and Enrolment Form.


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In law, a concurring opinion is in certain legal systems a written opinion by one or more judges of a court which agrees with the decision made by the majority of the court, but states different (or additional) reasons as the basis for his or her decision. When no absolute majority of the court can agree on the basis for deciding the case, the decision of the court may be contained in a number of concurring opinions, and the concurring opinion joined by the greatest number of judges is referred to as the plurality opinion.
As a practical matter, concurring opinions are slightly less useful to lawyers than majority opinions. Having failed to receive a majority of the court's votes, concurring opinions are not binding precedent and cannot be cited as such. But concurring opinions can sometimes be cited as a form of persuasive precedent (assuming the point of law is one on which there is no binding precedent already in effect). The conflict in views between a majority opinion and a concurring opinion can assist a lawyer in understanding the points of law articulated in the majority opinion. Occasionally, a judge will use a concurring opinion to signal that he or she is open to certain types of test cases that would facilitate the development of a new legal rule, and in turn, such a concurring opinion may become more famous than the majority opinion in the same case. A well-known example of this phenomenon is Escola v. Coca-Cola Bottling Co. (1944).
Concurring opinions may be held by courts but not expressed: in many legal systems the court "speaks with one voice" and thus any concurring or dissenting opinions are not reported.
Types of concurring opinionsEdit
There are several kinds of concurring opinion. A simple concurring opinion arises when a judge joins the decision of the court but has something to add. Concurring in judgment means that the judge agrees with the majority decision (the case's ultimate outcome in terms of who wins and who loses) but not with the reasoning of the majority opinion (why one side wins and the other loses).
Concurring opinions by regionEdit
In some courts, such as the Supreme Court of the United States, the majority opinion may be broken down into numbered or lettered parts, and then concurring justices may state that they join some parts of the majority opinion, but not others, for the reasons given in their concurring opinion. In other courts, such as the Supreme Court of California, the same justice may write a majority opinion and a separate concurring opinion to express additional reasons in support of the judgment (which are joined only by a minority).
In some jurisdictions (e.g., California), the term may be abbreviated in certain contexts to conc. opn.
Terminology at the various courtsEdit
- At the International Court of Justice, the term "separate opinion" is used and judges can also add declarations to the judgment.
- The term concurring opinion is used at the Supreme Court of the United States.
- The European Court of Human Rights uses the term concurring opinion and calls both concurring and dissenting opinions separate opinions. Judges very rarely add declarations to the judgment.
- Historically the Law Lords of the United Kingdom gave each an opinion of their own and no aggregated judgment was provided. However, the new Supreme Court of the United Kingdom allows for such aggregated judgements, and it is theoretically possible for such concurring opinions to now arise.
Notable concurring opinionsEdit
- Whitney v. California (1927), Justice Louis Brandeis+1, free speech, became precedent 50 years later in Brandenburg v. Ohio.
- Escola v. Coca-Cola Bottling Co. (1944), Justice Roger Traynor, strict liability for manufacturers, became precedent 19 years later in Greenman v. Yuba Power.
- Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952), Justice Robert H. Jackson, definitive test for the limits of Presidential power.
- See, e.g., McConnell v. Federal Election Commission, 540 U.S. 93 (2003).
- See, e.g., Cheong v. Antablin, 16 Cal. 4th 1063 (1997). Justice Ming Chin's concurrence began with these words: "Obviously, I concur in the majority opinion I have authored. I write separately to state another reason to reject plaintiff's argument."
- According to Professor Frédéric Rolin, ECHR judges added declarations in only two cases: Papon v. France (25 July 2002) and Martinie v. France (12 April 2006) ("Note sous CEDH 12 avril 2006, Martinie c/ France", 18 April 2006 Archived 7 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine)