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|Rediff India Abroad Home | All the sections|
What is 3G spectrum? How does it help you?
rediff Business Desk | September 29, 2006
It's boom time for mobile phones in India. And people are looking forward to more information, faster data access and multimedia services through their mobile phones. 3G technology is here to turn this dream into reality. It's a technology anxiously awaited by telecom operations and subscribers in India.
How long do you have to wait?
Not very long! India is all set to launch 3G mobile telephone services by June 2007.
According to Telecom Regulatory Authority of India chairman Nripendra Misra, a total of 32.5 MHz is available for allocation within the next 6-9 months.
Trai has also recommended auctioning 200 MHz for broadband wireless access services like Wimax (worldwide interoperability for microwave access) and has proposed a national frequency management board to oversee spectrum availability and its efficient use.
He hopes that the allocated spectrum would be enough for the next two years and said Trai would recommend freeing up more spectrum for those who lose out in this auction.
So what is 3G spectrum all about? Read on.
What is spectrum?
Radio spectrum refers to a range of radio frequencies. The bandwidth of a radio signal is the difference between the upper and lower frequencies of the signal.
For example, in the case of a voice signal having a minimum frequency of 200 hertz (Hz) and a maximum frequency of 3,000 Hz, the bandwidth is 2,800 Hz (3 KHz). The amount of bandwidth needed for 3G services could be as much as 15-20 Mhz, whereas for 2G services a bandwidth of 30-200 KHz is used. Hence, for 3G huge bandwidth is required.
How is 3G different from 2G and 4G?
While 2G stands for second-generation wireless telephone technology, 1G networks used are analog, 2G networks are digital and 3G (third-generation) technology is used to enhance mobile phone standards.
3G helps to simultaneously transfer both voice data (a telephone call) and non-voice data (such as downloading information, exchanging e-mail, and instant messaging. The highlight of 3G is video telephony. 4G technology stands to be the future standard of wireless devices.
Currently, Japanese company NTT DoCoMo and Samsung are testing 4G communication.
How will 3G services help you?
3G services will enable video broadcast and data-intensive services such as stock transactions, e-learning and telemedicine through wireless communications
All telecom operators are waiting to launch 3G in India to cash in on revenues by providing high-end services to customers, which are voice data and video enabled. India lags behind many Asian countries in introducing 3G services.
What is Trai's recommendation on 3G pricing?
The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India has recommended auctioning radio frequencies for 3G telecom services at a reserve price of Rs 1,050 crore (Rs 10.50 billion) to companies seeking to offer nationwide high-speed Internet and streaming video.
The base price for spectrum in cities like Mumbai and Delhi and Category A telecom circles is Rs 80 crore (Rs 800 million); in cities like Chennai and Kolkata and Category B circles Rs 40 crore (Rs 400 million); and in all other cities Rs 15 crore (Rs 150 million).
What are the frequency bands and quota for CDMA?
Trai has recommended three sets of frequency bands - 450 mhz, 800 mhz and 2.1 ghz. For CDMA players like Reliance and Tata Teleservices 1.25 MHz each is offered. CDMA operators are free to bid both in the 2.1 GHz and the 450 MHz bands, but they will be allocated spectrum only in one. The pricing of these two bands is linked to the auction in the 2.1 GHz band.
CDMA operators will pay the same as the second-highest GSM bidder. And if there is more than one claimant in the 450 MHz band, the reserve price will be half of that arrived at in the 2.1 GHz band. Another rider is that if the highest bid is a quarter more than the lowest, the lowest bidder has to raise its bid to 75 per cent of the winning bid.
But CDMA operators are likely to face problems. Operating 3G services on 450 MHz is a problem because we they do not have dual-band phones that work both in 450 MHz and in 800 MHz (the band in which CDMA operates in India).
What are the issues regarding 3G for providers and users?
3G has successfully been introduced in Europe. But several issues continue to hamper its growth.
High spectrum licensing fees for the 3G services
Huge capital required to build infrastructure for 3G services.
Health impact of electromagnetic waves.
Prices are very high for 3G mobile services.
Will 2G users switch to 3G services.
Takes time to catch up as the service is new.
What are the issues regarding 3G pricing?
Pricing has been a cause of concern. Spectrum auctions ran into billions of euros in Europe. In Europe, spectrum licensing fees were collected years before the 3G service was developed and it required huge investments to build 3G networks, hitting mobile operators' margins.
However, in Japan and South Korea, spectrum licensing fees were not applicable as the focus of these countries were national IT infrastructure development.
Which companies have applied for 3G license?
3G spectrum has been provided to GSM players like BSNL, MTNL, Bharti, and Hutch to carry out an interface check on a non-commercial basis ahead of the start of 3G mobile services.
Trial spectrum has been given for a period of one month. This will be only 1/1000th of the actual 3G spectrum capability. Apart frm PSU majors, spectrum for carrying out 3G trials has been given to all those who have applied under the National Frequency Allocation Plan on the 2.1 GHz band. GSM players operate on 900 MHz and 1,800 MHz, while CDMA players operate on 800 MHz.
What is the pricing issue in India?
While Tatas have welcomed Trai's Rs 1,400-crore (Rs 14 billion) base price for a nationwide rollout of 3G services, the rest of the players find the price too exorbitant.
Bharti-Airtel is disappointed with the pricing as they were expecting it to be Rs 300-400 crore (Rs 3-4 billion). The reserve price is a disincentive for telecom companies in India. Bharti has appealed to lower the prices specially for rural penetration.
The Cellular Operators Association of India and the Association of Unified Service Providers of India are studying TRAI's recommendations and have not given their comments.
However, Trai chairman Nripendra Misra has said that there is no reason to worry as players will not bid exorbitantly and derail the auction. Misra said telecom operators had matured from their experiences and global developments, and would bid sincerely.
Where was 3G spectrum first introduced?
Japan was the first country to introduce 3G on a large commercial scale. In 2005, about 40 per cent of subscribers used only 3G networks. It is expected that during 2006 the subscribers would move from 2G to 3G and upgrade to the next 3.5 G level.
The success of 3G in Japan also shows that video telephony was the killer application for 3G networks. Downloading music was the biggest draw in 3G services.
In how many countries does 3G exist?
There are about 60 3G networks across 25 countries. In Asia, Europe and the USA, telecom firms use WCDMA technology. The WCDMA standard provides seamless global evolution from today's GSM with support of the worlds' largest mobile operators.
WCDMA technology is built on open standards, wide ranging mobile multimedia possibility, and vast potential economies of scale with the support of around 100 terminal designs to operate 3G mobile networks.
3G services were introduced in Europe in 2003.


- whitespacewolf
_TAG_: systemic defense mechanisms
_TAG_: how do u know that a system got rigid? When it starts2see criticism as a threat instead as a hint! _TAG_
when systems get complacent and hence are not able to renew themselves by reacting to impulses reality is constantly pointing out they start getting defensive,too.
criticism in its essence is meant to be a hint to get consious, to become aware of new perspectives. critisism in its systemic function is an essential issue to keep systems and individuals awake and present. its meant to be supportive to go deeper into understanding the world/life/systemic context.
the main problem with systems as well as individuals is that at a certain point they start to identify with a certain kind of interpretation of themselves and their environment. they get attached and hence stuck in belief!
from this point on every impuls that seems to be incoherent with systemic interests is seen as threat and is met with rejection. righteousness comes into play. the spiral of self-destruction starts its game.
the moment you are on a path of defense you enter the path of war because you are creating a dense energy(attachment,extremist views/beliefs) that wants to keep alive a simplistic view of itself and the world that is in contradiction to a more subtle realty in emergence.
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Amatoya Moytoy of Chota (pronounced mah-tie) was a Cherokee town chief of the early eighteenth century in the area of present-day Tennessee. He held a prominent position among the Cherokee, and held the hereditary title Ama Matai (From the French matai and Cherokee ama--water), which meant "Water Conjurer."
His father was a European, Thomas Pasmere Carpenter, who was descended from the noble Anglo-Norman family of Vicomte Guillaume de Melun le Carpentier. Thus, Moytoy's European lineage can be traced to the Frankish Duke Ansegisel of Metz Meroving, Peppin II, and Charles Martel. This ancestry also makes the Cherokee Moytoys cousins to the Carpenter Earl of Tyrconnell, and thus related to the current British royal family.
The Carpenter family of Devonshire & Plymouth England were small sailing ship owners, many of which were leased out to the East India Trading Company, an affiliation dating to the formation of that company December 31, 1600. Documented ownership of fifteen different ships owned by the Carpenter family, those of which were involved with moving furs between the Gulf Ports & Glasgow, or Dublin, and trade goods for North America. These ships usually made stops both directions at Barbados where the family had banking connections set up. These ships were small and fast, often able to make the crossing from Scotland and Ireland in less than thirty days. They were shallow draft ships, capable of handling shallow water ports with ease. The first documented trip made by Thomas Pasmere Carpenter occurred April 1640, sailing from Maryland to Barbados aboard the Hopewell, and returning on the Crispian in September 1640. He made another trip in March 1659 departing Charleston South Carolina aboard the Barbados Merchant, returning on the Concord in August 1659.
Twenty year old Thomas Pasmere Carpenter came to Jamestown, Virginia from England in 1627, living in a cave near the Shawnee. Thomas was called "Cornplanter" by the Shawnee, derived from their sign language that matched as near as possible to the work of a carpenter. He married a Shawnee woman named "Pride" and bore a son around 1635 named Trader Carpenter.
Amatoya was taught by his father to "witch" for water with a willow stick. He had become so adept at water witching that the Cherokee called him "water conjurer" or Ama Matai (Ama is Cherokee for water). Ama Matai eventually became pronounced as Amatoya. It was later shortened to "Moytoy", so he is known as Moytoy I. He ruled the town of Chota sometime between the beginning of the eighteenth century and 1730.
In 1680, Amatoya married Quatsie of Tellico. Many of their descendants went on to become prominent leaders, founding a family that effectively ruled the Cherokee for a century.
Notable members include:
Moytoy I, Chief of Chota; born around 1640 and probably died in 1730; was leading chief at the time of his death
Moytoy II, Emperor of the Cherokees and Chief of Great Tellico; son of Moytoy I; born around 1687; leading chief from 1730 to 1760
Moytoy IV, Raven of Chota
Kanagatucko, Old Hop; leading chief from _PHONE_.
Attacullaculla, Prince of Chota-Tanasi; born around 1708, died around 1777; leading chief from 1761 to around 1775
Oconostota, Warrior of Chota and Beloved Man of the Cherokee; born ca. 1710 and died in 1783; was war chief of the Cherokee Nation from 1775 to 1780
Nancy Ward, Beloved Woman of the Cherokee and granddaughter of Moytoy I
Major Ridge, grandson of Oconostota and of Attacullaculla
General Stand Watie, great-grandson of Oconostota and of Attacullaculla

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Endangered species do not need juniper.
Juniper is native but has served as a component species rather than a dominant species. Species at risk in our natural landscape are at risk from loss of habitat. Sage grouse do not live in juniper. The juniper offers predatory hawks a convenient perch to use as they watch for grouse to eat. The pygmy cottontail rabbit lives in and depends on sagebrush. Juniper degrades the sagebrush. Studies show an increased number of animals, birds and butterflies in areas where the juniper was cut compared to juniper woodland. A closed juniper woodland is a biological desert when compared to a verdant shrub steppe landscape.
As the area and density of juniper is expanding, juniper is actually a problem for endangered species and wildlife in general. When a spring dries up or a creek flows less, all the wildlife in the area is affected. Water is a limiting factor in this arid region. Juniper further limits the water available. Our efforts to protect salmon trout and steelhead are costing our society billions of dollars. Still, we ignore the fact that the water lost to interception and transpiration due to juniper encroachment is water lost to the watershed and all its inhabitants. Juniper invasion has been shown to increase soil erosion eight fold. If we consider cost to benefit, the juniper invasion is costing us soil, water and wildlife. Where is the benefit?
Environmental / preservation groups are not fighting tooth and nail to save the juniper. There is uneasiness about juniper becoming another big industry like logging (Weyerhaeuser) and farming (Cenex). There is also wariness about the disturbance of old growth stands and fragile locations. Those concerns are generally addressed during the planning stage of projects. It is easy to recognize and train workers to recognize the attributes of the old growth trees. The old trees lack commercial value. The old trees do have a value for the wildlife and scenic values of the site. Not much abuse of these recognized values has occurred. There is also a recognition of the impact juniper is having on the watersheds and wildlife. Thus "Environmentalists" have been guarded but generally quiet about juniper "management."


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The azimuth property is used only in Aural Stylesheets.
The aural rendering of a document combines sounds and voices to go through the content of a document. Aural presentation occurs often by converting the document to plain text and then feeding this to a screen reader.
Situations and markets for listening to information could be:
Azimuth and elevation are important properties for aural presentation. These properties are used to keep several voices apart. In real life, all the people do not stand in the same spot in a room.
The azimuth property specifies what side the sound should come from.
|angle||A fixed value within the range -360deg to 360deg.
|left-side||270deg and behind 270deg|
|far-left||300deg and behind 240deg|
|left||320deg and behind 220deg|
|center-left||340deg and behind 200deg|
|center||Default. 0deg and behind 180deg|
|center-right||20deg and behind 160deg|
|right||40deg and behind 140deg|
|far-right||60deg and behind 120deg|
|right-side||90deg and behind 90deg|
|leftwards||The sound moves to the left|
|rightwards||The sound moves to the right|
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Article reproduced with permission: Department of Environment & Conservation (NSW)
Weblink: NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service
Where can you go to see whales?
During their northern migration, most whales come within 3 km of the NSW coast of Australia. Headlands and lookouts in national parks can be the perfect place to see them. Below are links to some of the popular national parks along the New South Wales coastline where you might see whales.
(the links open a new window on the NPWS website):
Whale Watching in NSW Australia
Whale Watching in the NSW National Parks
1. Cape Byron State Conservation Area
2. Bundjalung National Park (Iluka Bluff)
3. Yuraygir National Park (Angourie Point)
4. Muttonbird Island Nature Reserve
5. Hat Head National Park (Smoky Head)
6. Kattang Nature Reserve
7. Tomaree National Park (Tomaree Head)
8. Wyrrabalong National Park(Crackneck Lookout)
9. Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park Barrenjoey Headland)
10.Sydney Harbour National Park (North Head)
11. Botany Bay National Park (Cape Solander & Cape Banks)
12. NSW Jervis Bay National Park
13. Eurobodalla National Park (Moruya Head)
14. Ben Boyd National Park (Red Point)
Late morning and early afternoon are reasonably good times of the day to whale watch from most vantage points, as the glare off the water doesn't make sighting the tell-tale "blow" too difficult to see. Early morning can also be a good time as the "blow" is often highlighted by the backlight of the morning sun.
Keeping your distance
Vessel-based whale watching is popular in NSW. Unlike Hervey Bay in Queensland, where whales are resting with new-born calves, most humpback whales in NSW waters are actively migrating. Any disturbance by vessels has the potential to affect these animals.
Whales require 'personal space', and harassment may severely stress them – possibly causing accidents both for humans and whales if the whales feel threatened. This is especially important in the case of the adults with calves, which may be either resting or suckling. Research has shown that whales are highly sensitive to engine noises. You should also be aware that during the mating season, males competing for females may engage in rough physical contact.
Whales are protected animals, and if you go out on the water, you should follow the regulations below. They've been designed to make whale watching enjoyable and safe, without interference to the whales.
- Abandon all contact with whales at any sign that they are disturbed or alarmed.
- Do not separate or scatter a group of whales.
- Do not attempt to feed whales or throw rubbish into the water.
- Avoid loud disturbing noises near whales.
- Observe general boating and aircraft regulations and restrictions
Swimmers and divers
It is recommended that swimmers and divers do not enter the water near whales because of the possibility of being injured. However if you are in the water and a whale approaches, do not go closer than 30 m.
Powered and unpowered vessels
- Do not approach whales closer than 100 m.
- Within 300 metres of a whale move at a constant slow speed, no faster than the slowest whale or at idle, "no wake" speed.
- Approach whales from a direction parallel and slightly to the rear of the animal.
- Avoid sudden or repeated changes in speed or direction.
- When stopping to watch whales, either place your engines in neutral or allow the motor to idle for short period of one minute before switching off.
- No more than three vessels should attempt to watch a whale or pod of whales at one time.
- When attempting to watch whales, do not "box" the whales in, cut off their path or prevent them from leaving, particularly when more than one vessel is present.
- Do not attempt to approach mothers with young calves, closer than 300 m. When leaving the whales, move off slowly at idle "no wake" speed until at least 300 m away from the closest whale, before picking up speed.
Whalewatching rules boats approach to whales
Illustration showing whale watching rules for boats.
"no waiting" and "no approach" zones; slow speed from 300m; only approach to 200m if calf is present (100m if only an adult is present). Image © NPWS
Do not operate any aircraft, including ultralights and hang gliders, less than 300 m (1,000 ft) above or near a whale. The use of helicopters is restricted to 400 m and should be avoided: they can cause distress to whales because of the loud noise and down-draft.
The NPWS is responsible for managing marine animals in NSW. Please report any unusual whale sightings to us. For further information please contact your nearest NPWS office.
Australian whale watching rules
Illustration showing how far you must keep away from a whale.
Planes: 300m. Helicopters: 400m. Boats and other water craft, including surfers: at least 100m. Swimmers: 30m. Image © NPWS

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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A technical word that encompasses agonists, antagonists etc. is effector, defined in the Wikipedia entry as follows:
In biochemistry, an effector molecule is usually a small molecule that selectively binds to a protein and regulates its biological activity.
However 'effector' does tend to be used more in regulation of enzyme activity than signal transduction. I suggest this is preferable to the term 'activity', suggested by _USER_ as it is the targets of agonists etc. that exhibit the biological activity that one may be considering, rather than the agonists themselves. Such effectors modulate the activity of other molecules, so one could even consider using the term 'modulator', described in a Wikipedia entry — for the particular case of allostery — as follows:
In biochemistry and pharmacology, an allosteric modulator (allofrom the Greek meaning "other") is a substance which indirectly influences (modulates) the effects of a primary ligand that directly activates or deactivates the function of a target protein.
However I would definitely not use a noun of this sort to convey the idea of your sentence.
I find that more complex and clumsy then necessary. Far better, in my opinion, to express yourself in simpler terms and more directly.
"Addition of a methyl group to the phenyl ring changed it from being
an agonist to an antagonist."
"Addition of a methyl group to the phenyl ring changed its action from that
of an agonist to that of an antagonist."
However 'effector' might be useful as a portmanteau description of agonists etc. in circumstances when you are listing things.


The project DER-IREC 22@ MicroGrid seeks the implementation of a microgrid at IREC facilities in Barcelona, interconnected to the distribution network of ENDESA in which is incorporated as specific load the electric vehicle.
This deliverable entitled "Detailed description of the implementation of virtual descriptive nodes" is part of work package PT240 which is entitled "Implementation and evaluation of communications model" that is contained within the work package PT200 coordinated by CINERGIA and deals with the study of the communications architecture of the microgrid.
This document is intended to give details on the software implementation of the iSockets and iNodes of the microgrid.
This document firstly explains the implementation of the iSockets from the functional point of view to the software architecture, specifying the data model used and the management and control of different functions involved in the application.
Secondly, details the implementation of the iNode from the standpoint of functional design, with particular emphasis on the use of user function library.
Finally, as a design guide, explains the steps for developing a custom iNode application using Visual Studio and the user libraries, concluding this section with an example application.


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Indexing is the process of replacing a unique identifier such as the CHI number, or a combination of identifiers such as name, date of birth and post code with a randomly assigned study ID so that records can still be linked but no explicit "real world" identifiable information about an individual is made public. The process uses probability matching of available personal identifiers to a population spine and returning an anonymised unique person identifier specific to the project. For health data where PHS is the data controller eDRIS can perform the indexing, otherwise indexing services are provided by trusted third party indexing services from National Records Scotland (NRS) Indexing Team or PHS CHI Linkage (CHILi) Team as required.
A useful image illustrating the indexing process can be found at the NRS website here.
Data for your study will be linked using established probability matching techniques based on the Howard Newcombe principles. Linkage will be undertaken by a trusted third party and a Population Spine used as an intermediary linkage tool. The Population Spine contains the personal identifiers of all individuals in Scotland who have been in contact with NHS Scotland. The steps describing the process of linking data are detailed below:
- Data Providers will supply personal identifiers (only) plus their own person or record ID number to the indexing team.
- The indexing team will probability match the identifiers to the Population Spine using complex algorithms.
- The Data Provider will receive a file back with their own person or record ID number and a unique person index ID number specific to that dataset. This is generated by the indexing team.
- The Data Provider will attached the received index ID number to the remaining content of the dataset to be provided for linkage and send to their Research Coordinator.
- The Research Coordinator will confirm that the agreed data has been received and send the file to the linkage agent. The linkage agent is an automated computer programme which carries out the linkage.
- The linkage agent will receive 2 files all the datasets and their unique person ID numbers plus a master control file containing a master person ID and all the dataset unique Person index ID numbers.
- The linkage agent will then replace all the dataset unique Person ID numbers with the master Person ID number on each of the content data files.
- This allows the person analysing the data to see all the records belonging to an individual across all the datasets without the need to see the personal identifiers.


Core Concepts of the Java Memory Model (JMM)
also read:
Java Memory Model (JMM)
The Java Memory Model (JMM) is described in section 17.4 of the Java Language Specification (JLS). This is quite a formal part of the spec and describes the JMM in terms of synchronization actions and the mathematical construct known as a partial order. This is great from the point of view of language theorists and implementers of the Java spec (in other words, compiler and VM makers) but not as good for application developers who need to understand the details of how their multithreaded code will execute.
Rather than repeat the formal details, we'll list the most important rules in terms of a couple of basic concepts—the synchronizes-with and happens-before relationships between blocks of code. (If you've studied formal approaches to OO programming you may have heard the expressions has-a and is-a to describe the building blocks of object orientation. Happens-before and synchronizes-with are similar conceptual building blocks for understanding Java concurrency.)
 - HAPPENS-BEFORE This relationship indicates that one block of code fully completes before the other can start.
 - SYNCHRONIZES-WITH This means that an action will synchronize its view of an object with main memory before continuing.
In figure 1, we can see an example of a volatile write, which synchronizes-with a later read access (for the println).
Figure 1 Synchronizes-withThe JMM has these main rules:
 - An Unlock operation on a monitor synchronizes-with later lock operations.
 - A write to a volatile variable synchronizes-with later reads of the variable.
 - If an action A synchronizes-with action B, then A happens-before B.
 - If A comes before B in program order within a thread, then A happens-before B.
The general statement of the first two rules is that "releases happen before acquires;" in other words, the locks that a thread holds when writing are released before the locks can be acquired by other operations (including reads). There are some other additional rules, which are really about sensible behavior:
 - The completion of a constructor happens-before the finalizer for that object starts to run. (An object has to be fully constructed before it can be finalized.)
 - An action which starts a Thread synchronizes-with the first action of the new Thread.
 - Thread.join() synchronizes-with the last (and all other) actions in the thread being joined.
 - (Transitivity) If X happens-before Y, and Y happens-before Z, then X happens-before Z.
These simple rules actually define the whole of the platform's view of how memory and synchronization works, as you can see in figure 2.
Figure 2 Transitivity of happens-before
Minimum Guarantees
In practice, these are the minimum guarantees made by the JMM. Real JVMs, however, may behave much better in practice than these guarantees suggest. This can be quite a pitfall for the developer, however, because it is easy for the false sense of safety given by the behavior of a particular JVM to turn out to be just a quirk, which is hiding an underlying concurrency bug.
We showed where Java's conceptions of locks and synchronization come from as we explored the often-misunderstood details of the Java Memory Model (JMM). Many Java programmers are aware of the JMM and have been coding to their own understanding of it, without ever being formally introduced to it, so this new understanding builds upon that informal awareness and places it onto firm foundations.
About Krishna Srinivasan
Speak Your Mind


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CSS Process Overview
WHAT IS CONTEXT SENSITIVE SOLUTIONS (CSS)?
Context Sensitive Solutions (CSS) is a collaborative, interdisciplinary approach that involves the community and all key stakeholders in the planning and design of a transportation facility that fulfills its purpose while complementing and enhancing the context in which it is situated. It is an approach that leads to preserving and enhancing scenic, aesthetic, cultural, historic, community and environmental resources, while maintaining or improving mobility, capacity and safety. The CSS process involves all stakeholders, including community members, interest groups, elected officials, and affected local, state and federal agencies. It puts project needs and both agency and community values on a level playing field and considers all trade-offs in the decision-making and project development process.
The I-49 Lafayette Connector CSS process was originally designed so that the 21 commitments in the 2003 Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) Record of Decision (ROD) were fully addressed. The commitments identified key project-related features where minimization and mitigation measures to address adverse impacts, in addition to potential enhancements, would be required to implement the Selected Alternative, commonly referred to as the 2003 ROD Alternative. Furthermore, the Summary of Decision included within the ROD indicated that the LCG Corridor Preservation and Management Action Plan would be the guiding document for the I-49 Lafayette Connector design and construction integration. This document also supported a CSS-based approach to achieve the overriding stakeholder goals of enhancing "community connectedness" and building a "signature place," versus simply a "signature structure", through comprehensive project planning, design and implementation.
The CSS process was initiated in September 2015 with the intent to focus community outreach, discussion and debate primarily on the CSS design features of the 2003 ROD Alternative, it became very apparent that the community desired a more in-depth discussion and evaluation of potential refinements to that alternative. Twelve years had passed since the ROD and almost that many since the suspension of the last planning/design process, and the community had undergone significant change. In response to these community concerns, the DOTD/LCP Team conducted a Concept Refinement Process (CRP) in place of the CSS program in order to gather input from the community and project committees to complete what became the Alternatives Analysis of the Supplemental EIS (SEIS). The process included:
1. Review and discussion of the changes that had taken place in the community;
2. Identification of potential refinements to the 2003 ROD Alternative; and
3. Review those potential refinements from both community and technical perspectives, through a three-tiered evaluation process, eventually leading to a recommendation from the Executive Committee (EC) for environmental evaluation in the SEIS.
In accordance with the long-standing determination of the Path to Progress Report all Refinement Concept ideas considered during the CRP were along the Evangeline Thruway corridor. The CSS process became the Alternatives Analysis for the SEIS to reflect the community's desire to explore modifications to the 2003 ROD Alternative (e.g. elimination of Downtown interchanges, replaced by more neighborhood/Downtown friendly corridor connectivity, realignment of MLK Drive/Castille Avenue connection, simplification of the Kaliste Saloom and University/Surry interchanges to minimize airport impacts, height and design of mainline viaduct through the central area, cross corridor connectivity, multimodal accommodations, etc). The result was the identification of the Refinement Alternatives to be studied in the SEIS.
The I-49 Lafayette Connector CSS Program will strive to:
- Reach a common vision for the I-49 Lafayette Connector with the community and key stakeholders through a collaborative process that addresses three of levels of community context:
- Study Area Level I (I-49 Lafayette Connector right-of-way): transportation facilities and related features within the right-of-way
- Study Area Level II (immediate 500-foot influence area either side of corridor): enhancement of community cohesion and neighborhood connectivity on both sides of the right-of-way
- Study Area Level III (immediately impacted adjacent neighborhoods): assurance that Level I and II elements complement the revitalization program for immediately adjacent neighborhoods that is being addressed through the Evangeline Corridor Initiative
- Prepare the CSS Design Standards Manual for the final design and construction of a I-49 Lafayette Connector that provides regional mobility, excellent community access and a variety of features that complement Downtown and the adjacent neighborhoods:
- Structure the CSS process to facilitate informed project implementation phasing and rapid progression into final design and project construction
The I-49 Lafayette Connector CSS Program will be carried out through a two-tiered advisory group/committee structure. The DOTD has established the new Lafayette Connector Advisory Committee (LCAG), replacing the Community Work Group (LCAG) and Technical Advisory Committee utilized in the CRP and will continue to utilize the Executive Committee (EC), which is made up of the directors and senior staff of the Project Partner Agencies (FHWA, DOTD, MPO, LCG).
The LCAG and EC are scheduled to meet regularly and at key milestones in order to discuss and provide input and direction on design elements for the I-49 Lafayette Connector project. The design decisions made through this process will be compiled into the CSS Design Standards Manual for the project. The specific roles of the two committees are as follows:
- Lafayette Connector Advisory Group:
To provide combined community and technical input and recommendations on the various design feature areas and elements listed below under CSS Design Workshops.
- Executive Committee:
To review all recommendations from the LCAG, neighborhood outreach and public workshops and to make a recommendation to the DOTD and FHWA on the Preferred Alternative and the various mitigation measures, potential design enhancements and proposed joint use development projects identified through the CSS process.
In addition to the two-tiered advisory group/committee structure, neighborhood meetings will be held at key milestones with each existing neighborhood coterie and other organizations along the corridor; Partner Agency Meetings will be held concurrent with CSS Design Workshops to provide input on mitigation measures, potential design enhancements and proposed joint use development projects; and Public Workshops will be conducted at key milestones in the CSS Process to provide input to the Executive Committee.
- CSS Design Workshop #1: Core Area Mainline Structural Components
- Viaduct Profiles and Heights
- Bridge Bent Columns, Girders and Pier Types
- Parapet, Abutment and Retaining Wall Options
- CSS Design Workshop #2: Core Area Mainline Structural Components
- Signature Bridge
- Entryway Features
- CSS Design Workshop #3: Evangeline Thruway Corridor
- Grand Boulevard and Couplet Options
- Core Area Streets and Connectivity
- Bicycle and Pedestrian Features
- Urban Design Features
- Landscape Architectural Features
- CSS Design Workshop #4: Potential Gateways, Under Structure and Adjacent Uses
- North and South Gateways
- Willow, University/Surry and Kaliste Saloom Interchange Treatments
- Beaver Park Access
- Joint Use Opportunity options
- CSS Design Workshop #5: Corridor-Wide Features
- Lighting Types and Options
- Corridor-Wide Bicycle and Pedestrian Features
- Community Art, Culture and Historic Reference Integration
- CSS Design Workshop #6: Corridor-Wide Features
- Corridor-Wide Site Furnishing and Street Furniture Features
- Corridor-Wide Landscape Architectural Features
The CSS Design Standards Manual will document the Connector design feature areas and elements discussed, reviewed, analyzed, prioritized and accepted as project components by the DOTD and FHWA based on the Executive Committee (EC) recommendation of the Preferred Alternative. These recommendations will be the products of the 13-month CSS process discussed above, through all its community involvement, stakeholder outreach, agency coordination and Advisory Group/Committee work process.
The intent of the CSS Design Standards Manual is to inform the final design of the I-49 Lafayette Connector project and related improvements in regard to corridor aesthetic consistency, community integration and compliance with all stakeholder and community input. The initial design feature areas and elements of the I-49 Lafayette Connector were first defined by the community, staff and public officials in the initial CSS process that was not completed for the 2003 ROD Alternative. These will be revised and refined through this CSS process. These elements are key form-giving project components that fulfill the project's mobility objectives and have the ability to make the project a "signature place" of significant benefit to its surroundings; establish community connectedness between the neighborhoods and various districts along the corridor; and provide a sense of community integration and cohesion through thoughtful references to the region's history and culture.


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Adding an existing item with the New Project Wizard
Using the Existing Item project item, you can browse to an existing control and copy it into your project.
Adding an existing item
 1. In the Add Project Items page, in the Existing Item row, click the Add button.
 2. In your project folder, browse for the existing item that you want to copy and select the item.
 3. In the New name field, you can edit the item's name, if the name is already used in the project.
 4. Optional: To generate a new unique ID for the item, select the Generate new ID check box. Each project item has an ID assigned when it is first created. This ID must be unique within the solution. The wizard prevents you from adding an item if its ID is not unique.
For more information, see Using the New Project Wizard.
Robotic Process Automation Robotics System Architect
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The legend says that the healing water was found by the castle's hunters. When they were hunting in the districts of Košnica and Dobrina, one of them felt sick and he was dragged along the snow towards the road to Dobrina, from where he would be taken by horses to Žusemje Castle. Amongst a large area of snow, they saw a patch of land and water which was not frozen. The sick person was given that water to drink and soon he got well.
Many other stories about the miraculous healing of people who drank that water originated later. After those legends, which represent the oldest data on the healing powers of the water in Dobrina, the name DOBRINA CASTLE SPRING originated.
The settlement of Dobrina is an excellent starting point for a walk to nearby Žusem located on the 669 m high rise where two churches stand, the first one is the Parish Church of St. Valentine, however, the second one is the 700 year old established Church of St. Jacob, which has valuable preserved frescoes from the 15th and 16th century and chandeliers made of local glass. In the nearby small village of Tinje, the archaeological finds Tinje and the remains of the sunken Žamerk Castle are located. Here, objects from the late Antique and Early Slavic period were found. In Javoršica the partisan hospital is still preserved. You can get additional information at Društvo Izviri (Springs Association).
Društvo Izviri Dobrina
Loka pri Žusmu
Tel. : ++386 3 579 71 03
guided tourindividualFree of charge
Administrator : Razvojna agencija Kozjansko - TIC Šentjur | ++386 3 749 25 23 |
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Local information ŠENTJUR


text:
Special FeatureTravel Japan by Train
Japanese railways use a wide range of technologies, some developed in the age of steam, some futuristic. Which ones are used depends on the requirements of the specific situation. These two pages present four intriguing technologies: older techniques for safe rail travel in a land of steep mountains, and innovative railcars developed with the environment or cost-savings in mind.
Written by Takahashi Koki Photos by Hirota Izumi, Kawada Masahiro
Other photo credits: JR Hokkaido, Hakone Tozan Railway
Koumi is the world's first hybrid train to carry passengers on regular runs. JR East began operating it in July 2007 on the Koumi Line in the highlands of Nagano Prefecture. Its diesel engine generates electricity, which charges the batteries, which power the motor. The engine is quiet and the train is easy to control and maintain, but best of all it uses less energy. When the brakes are applied the engine stops working, and the braking energy is converted into electricity to give the batteries an extra charge. Compared to a conventional train with the same configuration, the energy savings are theoretically 20%, in practice 10%. The hybrid also emits far fewer noxious pollutants. JR East plans to take eco-friendly rail transport a step further, by developing a vehicle powered by fuel cells using hydrogen, which emit no pollution at all when used.


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I have a component ObjectHolder which extends UIComponent that holds many children UIComponents. However, after using addChild() to add these children to ObjectHolder, its width and height remain zero. Is it possible for the UIComponent to automatically expand to the size of its containing children components?
public class ObjectHolder extends UIComponent
 public function ObjectHolder()
 var c1:UIComponent = new UIComponent();
 c1.graphics.beginFill( 0xffffff );
 c1.graphics.drawRect(0, 0, 100, 100);
 addChild( c1 );
 trace( this.width ); // Displays zero
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2 Answers 2
To change the component's size you should implement measure() method. But you should also follow other recommendations on creating custom components. In your case you should create and add child component in createChildren() method.
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A component never sizes itself. Implementing the measure() method only provides a "Suggestion" to that components parent container via measuredHeight and measuredWidth properties. Most default Flex containers will honor those sizes, though. – JeffryHouser Aug 25 '11 at 15:30
I read about the measure() method, but it isn't immediately called right after an addChild() is called. Since the components are added dynamically, I can't really override the createChildren() method. – petercpwong Aug 25 '11 at 15:30
@ _URL_ : I'm not using a Flex container, the "container" is a UIComponent. Do Flex containers automatically expand to the size of containing children? The "container" UIComponent is a Floorplan Grid, so users basically dynamically add objects onto the "floor" (kind of like adding images and shapes in Photoshop canvas) – petercpwong Aug 25 '11 at 15:32
_USER_ In this case after adding a child you should call invalidateSize() which call measure in the next frame. – Constantiner Aug 25 '11 at 15:43
_USER_ Of course you're right. But in case if there is no explicit size for the component all the layout containers or layouts rely on measurements performed by measure(). I suppose as far as author asked this question he wasn't set explicit sizes. – Constantiner Aug 25 '11 at 15:46
The formal answer is no. A component is never responsible for setting it's own height and width values; it is only responsible for sizing and positioning it's children based on the values set by that component's parent.
If you implement a measure() method in your component, you can use it to set the measuredWidth and measuredHeight of your component. This will, in essence, be a suggestion that you provide to your parent's container on what is the ideal size you need to position and size all your child elements properly. Your own components should be sized and positioned in updateDisplayList() based on the unscaledWidth and unscaledHeight values passed in.
Most of the time the Flex default containers will honor these sizing values; although there are situations where they will not be. For example, if the size the child container needs is more than the size of the parent.
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CSDL Home IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis & Machine Intelligence 2003 vol.25 Issue No.03 - March
Issue No.03 - March (2003 vol.25)
Abstract—This paper proposes a new method for recovery of epipolar geometry and feature correspondence between images which have undergone a significant deformation, either due to large rotation or wide baseline of the cameras. The method also encodes the uncertainty by providing an arbitrarily close approximation to the posterior distribution of the two view relation. The method operates on a pyramid from coarse to fine resolution, thus raising the problem of how to propagate information from one level to another in a statistically consistent way. The distribution of the parameters at each resolution is encoded nonparametrically as a set of particles. At the coarsest level, a RANSAC-MCMC estimator is used to initialize this set of particles, the posterior can then be approximated as a mixture of Gaussians fitted to these particles. The distribution at a coarser level influences the distribution at a finer level using the technique of sampling-importance-resampling (SIR) and MCMC, which allows for asymptotically correct approximations of the posterior distribution. The estimate of the posterior distribution at the level above is being used as the importance sampling function to generate a new set of particles, which can be further improved by MCMC. It is shown that the method is superior to previous single resolution RANSAC-style feature matchers.
Bayesian methods, structure from motion, stereoscopic vision, importance sampling.
Philip H.S. Torr, Colin Davidson, "IMPSAC: Synthesis of Importance Sampling and Random Sample Consensus", IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis & Machine Intelligence, vol.25, no. 3, pp. 354-364, March 2003, doi:10.1109/TPAMI.2003._PHONE_


Cocktail: What came first? | Bartender: Lachlan Robinson
The idea behind this drink is to create innovation through legacy, the legacy of those who have gone before. It is awkward to view the legacy of those great innovators that have gone before and decide that one can do better, but it is on the shoulders of those giants where modern innovation occurs. John Walker started the process for Johnnie Walker, but it was his son and grandson that would be the people to innovate Johnnie Walker, making it what it is today. The Johnnie Walker brand is the perfect example of legacy vs. innovation. I drew inspiration from the history of Johnnie Walker and how over the years sine the early 1800s they have released numerous expressions of whisky culminating in some of their limited release bottling's. One such limited bottling is the Johnnie Walker "Espresso Roast", the brainchild of blender Aimée Gibson and master blender Jim Beveridge. This whisky has huge coffee and chocolate notes not from the addition of coffee or chocolate, but purely born out of the roasting process. The barley used to make the "Espresso Roast" is roasted specifically to bring out the chocolate and coffee characteristics seen in the whisky. Whilst the legacy of Jonnie Walker is seen clearly in this product, there is also substantial innovation present.
The "Espresso Roast" and the innovation surrounding it led me to think about how bartenders use their ingredients. Are their more interesting or creative ways to use the ingredients we see every day? The method of production used for this whisky inspired me to look at ingredients and products more deeply, to see if I could utilize them differently. An obvious and highly overlooked ingredient is the egg.
What is an egg? The egg contains 4 parts, shell, membrane, whites and yolk. As bartenders we are known to use the white and the yolk regularly, but rarely, if ever, the shell or membrane. As I researched I happened upon the Chaud Froid egg leading me to discover the properties of the various parts. An egg has something that chefs have only just started to utilise for cooking, a semi permeable shell.
Looking through the legacy of classic whisky cocktails that use eggs I found inspiration. Eggs are mostly used as a textural element in a drink, adding creaminess or richness. Some have used the semi-permeable shell to infuse the egg yolk and white with other flavours. None, however, have used the shell as a vessel for a warm cocktail to be cooked in.
The What Came First is the cocktail spawned by the inspiration I had following the legacy of others. The hero of the drink is the Johnnie Walker "Espresso Roast". Bold notes of coffee, toffee, dark chocolate, and toasted malt are the foundations on which all other flavours are built on.
The "Espresso Roast" is married with Amer Picon and a Golden Beetroot and white chocolate liqueur. The Amer adds a herbal sweet bitterness, complementing the vanilla and chocolate notes of the "Espresso Roast" whilst the Golden beetroot and white chocolate liqueur adds a light vegetal, floral earthiness complementing the floral aroma and earthy palate notes of the coffee tones.
Vino Cotto, black walnut bitters and saline are added to balance. The vino cotto adds a sweet and sour element, rounding out the rich flavours of the drink and sending a sharp bite of acidity down the palate. Black walnut bitters add depth of flavour and nutty flavours complementing the flavours of the "Espresso Roast". Saline pares back the bitterness of the cocktail and carries some of the sweeter, lighter flavours to the front.
Chocolate tea is added to lengthen the drink, bringing down the alcohol content making the drink palatable, without losing or diluting flavour.
Finally an egg yolk is added, for texture and palate weight.
All these ingredients are added to the hollowed shell of the egg used for its yolk. They are then sat in a Sous-Vide for 2 hours at 48 degrees Celsius, in honey water. The drink is warmed as the honey water permeates the shell and infuses into the drink. This cooking process adds a warm sweetness and a rich velvety texture to the drink.
Served warm in a double walled coffee glass, shaped distinctly like an egg with no lid, the drink is topped with a lemon, white chocolate and beetroot foam, created with the whites of the egg. This foam adds the cold element to this drink giving juxtaposition in both texture and temperature. The lemon and liqueur add acidity, pleasant aroma and carry the flavours of the warm component of the drink.
Finally, as homage to Alain Passard's Arpège Egg the foam is topped with a chiffonnade of chocolate mint. The green fresh aroma from the mint, along with the aroma of the foam, brightens the deep, rich flavours of the drink. The chocolate mint also adds colour contrast, along with the foam, to make the drink visually appealing. The clear double walled glass allows this to be achieved as well.
This drink pays respect to the legacy of those who have innovated before us. Old techniques are used to create familiar flavours and textures. However, the inspiration garnered from those who gave us these techniques led to new, interesting and innovative techniques to be used to showcase new flavours or flavours used in a manner yet unseen. The Johnnie Walker "Espresso Roast" is the perfect example of innovating with what you have in front of you, using some everyday thing differently for a completely different result. This is what is achieved in the What Came First.
Cocktail: What Came First? | Bartender Atlas
What came first? Inspired by the process of creating ""Johnnie Walker espresso roast"". This drink truly breaks the mould with a technique. Made by utilising every part of an egg in ways not seen before.
*hot part of drink
Johnnie Walker espresso roast
Amir Picon
Saline solution
Chocolate tea
Duck yolk
Golden beetroot
White chocolate
The drink is then infused with honey broth through the semi permeable shell of a duck egg, using a sous-vee that is filled with honey broth sitting at a temp of 48 degrees.
*cold part of drink
White chocolate
Golden beetroot
Lemon juice
Garnished with fried cinnamon sugar brioche soldiers, Johnnie Walker espresso roast maple caramel and a chiffonade of chocolate mint.
Feel free to get in contact with me for a longer explanation, the method and recipe for this drink and it's ingredients is about 3 pages long. The story gives a good idea about what's been going on with this cocktail.
Lachlan Robinson
Lachlan Robinson has been bartending in Perth, Western Australia since 2014, having travelled across a large amount of the world and worked in different cultures and gained insights into many others he feels its one of the best things a bartender can do, although he still thinks not much beats having a pint at the local pub. A consumer of most things booze (still can't get his head around midori), Excited to see where the bartending world will take him and what the Bartending community has in store for the World!
Lachlan Robinson on EmailLachlan Robinson on Instagram
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I'm trying to build a high-performance distributed system with Akka and Scala.
If a message requesting an expensive (and side-effect-free) computation arrives, and the exact same computation has already been requested before, I want to avoid computing the result again. If the computation requested previously has already completed and the result is available, I can cache it and re-use it.
However, the time window in which duplicate computation can be requested may be arbitrarily small. e.g. I could get a thousand or a million messages requesting the same expensive computation at the same instant for all practical purposes.
There is a commercial product called Gigaspaces that supposedly handles this situation.
However there seems to be no framework support for dealing with duplicate work requests in Akka at the moment. Given that the Akka framework already has access to all the messages being routed through the framework, it seems that a framework solution could make a lot of sense here.
Here is what I am proposing for the Akka framework to do: 1. Create a trait to indicate a type of messages (say, "ExpensiveComputation" or something similar) that are to be subject to the following caching approach. 2. Smartly (hashing etc.) identify identical messages received by (the same or different) actors within a user-configurable time window. Other options: select a maximum buffer size of memory to be used for this purpose, subject to (say LRU) replacement etc. Akka can also choose to cache only the results of messages that were expensive to process; the messages that took very little time to process can be re-processed again if needed; no need to waste precious buffer space caching them and their results. 3. When identical messages (received within that time window, possibly "at the same time instant") are identified, avoid unnecessary duplicate computations. The framework would do this automatically, and essentially, the duplicate messages would never get received by a new actor for processing; they would silently vanish and the result from processing it once (whether that computation was already done in the past, or ongoing right then) would get sent to all appropriate recipients (immediately if already available, and upon completion of the computation if not). Note that messages should be considered identical even if the "reply" fields are different, as long as the semantics/computations they represent are identical in every other respect. Also note that the computation should be purely functional, i.e. free from side-effects, for the caching optimization suggested to work and not change the program semantics at all.
If what I am suggesting is not compatible with the Akka way of doing things, and/or if you see some strong reasons why this is a very bad idea, please let me know.
Thanks, Is Awesome, Scala
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2 Answers
What you are asking is not dependent on the Akka framework but rather it's how you architect your actors and messages. First ensuring that your messages are immutable and have an appropriately defined identities via the equals/hashCode methods. Case classes give you both for free however if you have actorRefs embedded in the message for reply purposes you will have to override the identity methods. The case class parameters should also have the same properties recursively (immutable and proper identity).
Secondly you need to figure out how the actors will handle storing and identifying current/past computations. The easiest is to uniquely map requests to actors. This way that actor and only that actor will ever process that specific request. This can be done easily given a fixed set of actors and the hashCode of the request. Bonus points if the actor set is supervised where the supervisor is managing the load balancing/mapping and replacing failed actors ( Akka makes this part easy ).
Finally the actor itself can maintain a response caching behavior based on the criteria you described. Everything is thread safe in the context of the actor so a LRU cache keyed by the request itself ( good identity properties remember ) is easy with any type of behavior you want.
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As Neil says, this is not really framework functionality, it's rather trivial to implement this and even abstract it into it's own trait.
trait CachingExpensiveThings { self: Actor =>
 val cache =...
 def receive: Actor.Receive = {
 case s: ExpensiveThing => cachedOrCache(s)
 def cacheOrCached(s: ExpensiveThing) = cache.get(s) match {
 case null => val result = compute(s)
 case cached => self.reply_?)(cached)
 def compute(s: ExpensiveThing): Any
class MyExpensiveThingCalculator extends Actor with CachingExpensiveThings {
 def compute(s: ExpensiveThing) = {
 case l: LastDigitOfPi =>...
 case ts: TravellingSalesman =>...
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I've also calculated the last digit of Pi, what did you make it to be? ;p – Noel Kennedy Nov 16 '12 at 15:08
The last one is π – Viktor Klang Nov 17 '12 at 0:04
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The Water Diviner (4/10)
Now how best to describe this directorial debut of Russell Crowe… A pretentious hotchpotch or a melodramatic mishmash?
Connor (Crowe) is the water diviner, an Australian farmer with the gift to find things deep under the soil. At his farm, he uses this rare skill to find water in drought-stricken Victoria. When his three sons join the battle of Gallipoli in 1919 they die amongst thousands of other ANZAC soldiers. Guilted into action by his wife, Connor travels to Turkey to use his special skill to find the bodies of his sons so he can bring them home for a proper burial.
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text:
The clock speed is adjusted by changing the length of the clock pendulum using a small weight, for example, a nut at the lower end of the pendulum. What should you do with the nut if the clock is in a hurry? behind?
If the clock is in a hurry, then the nut must be lowered down. When the clock is lagging behind, the nut must be tightened up.
Remember: The process of learning a person lasts a lifetime. The value of the same knowledge for different people may be different, it is determined by their individual characteristics and needs. Therefore, knowledge is always needed at any age and position.


Stephanie Rothenberg: Aquadisia
 - ©, Stephanie Rothenberg, Aquadisia
 Website and participatory performance
Artist Statement:
 Aquadisia explores the queering of biopolitical power in the quest to engineer nonhuman life for human survival. For ISEA 2020, the project manifests as an immersive website and participatory performance about a new species of cyborg oysters that can cure climate change. Merging fact and fiction, the narrative centers around the genetic modification of a new species of cyborg oysters that can convert toxic water into an aphrodisia-inducing fluid. Harvested in innovative aquaculture farms, the fluid is piped into municipal water sources. By simply turning on your kitchen faucet, you can pour a glass of this magical liquid and take part in a more-than-human experience.
 Playing on the libidinal myth of the oyster, a hermaphroditic organism, the project explores aphrodisia as a more sentient state of being and empowerment. The sensations move beyond mere sexual connotations into an awakened state of "Aquadisia" – a Sentience 2.0. It questions the contradictions within new technological models of bioengineering that can often adversely affect nonhuman life, and how creating more sentient and perceptible "humans" might be another path to consider.
 The immersive website offers a glimpse into how the science meets a new Sentience 2.0. To participate in the performance, participants must log-on to the website and connect to the Aquadisia Network. And be sure to have a glass of water ready!
 Performers: Lindsey Griffith, Annette Daniels Taylor & Felipe Shibuya
 Website designer: Caco Peguero/United Futures


Encounters and Adventures: The 5 Benefits of Bringing Friends and Meeting New Ones
Travelling Companion
Going on the road alone can somewhat be lonely and scary. Imagine yourself wandering around in one country's outback or in the middle of a busy city somewhere far away without anyone to turn to, to ask for help from, and to depend on.
Isn't it scary? It is, especially when you're new in one city without having even a bit of knowledge how things works and how people interact at that particular place. Possibilities such as accidents, confusions, and losing one's way have then become quite possible.
However, bringing a friend or going alone is an adventure in itself. It is when you learn how to be independent, as well as to make new friends along the way.
Travelling Companion
Image source: Flickr
So, make up your mind! Bring a friend or find a friend works in different ways, but with similar goals in mind. Here are some benefits that will definitely convince you to bring your closest friend on your next trip:
1. Having someone along is more fun.
Having fun
Image source: Flickr (Click on image for bigger size)
There's nothing lonelier than being alone while you're eating the best meal you can get in a place or while looking at a beautiful landscape. It's kind of sad to just be alone doing things when you can always bring someone to share everything with –your thoughts, ideas, stories, chitchats, and feelings.
However, if you're the type of person who can appreciate more of solitude and quiet, then it's fine. People are different in their preferences of how they want to go on an adventure.
On the other hand, if you're someone who needs another person to relate to once in a while, then it's better to bring someone along. Then, you'll have someone to do things with and to go to places with.
2. Bringing someone along is safer.
Having a companion to go with you, particularly to places of uncertain safety and great distance from civilization (such as mountains and wilderness), is much safer.
With precautions, it would have been safe to go alone. But, with a companion, there's always that thin blanket of assurance that when something goes wrong, there would be two minds to think of the better solution rather than one.
3. New encounters create good friendship.
If bringing someone along is not possible due to certain circumstances and reasons, then going alone is okay. You can always meet new people along the way, mostly through unexpected situations.
Image source: Flickr (Click on image for bigger size)
It is in these unexpected situations that several people gain irreplaceable friends and loved ones. To most people, this thought would seem too romantic and imaginative, but it does happen to some people somewhere in this wide world.
Just keep an open mind and be yourself. You'll surely meet someone who shares the same ideals and thoughts.
4. Meeting people will facilitate learning.
Friendships aren't the only ones built when meeting new people. There is also the build-up of new knowledge, which can help us in one way or another at least once in this lifetime.
It is in meeting various people where you see more of life in a world-wide mindset, which in turn somehow gives you an idea to the general cycle of real life. Having a glimpse of life in a different perspective will definitely change you, in either personal or non-personal level.
Seeing new things also contribute to our values as a human being. Thus, it won't be surprising that there is a sort of change within after meeting and interacting with people from different places and from the different walks of life.
5. New friendship creates unexpected opportunities.
At times, new friends create new opportunities for you, may it be a simple visit to one's place or getting something you desire. It's not really something like you making use of them, but sometimes an act of goodwill on their part.
Several people deem it polite and good to invite someone to their places and offer them something to eat, perhaps. Other times, random people have this desire to help out strangers for no specific reason, other than simply helping.
There are a variety of people out there, who are different from each other. Just be optimistic, friendly, and respectfully in every chance and every person you meet.
Bringing someone along or meeting someone along the way definitely holds something of importance tin considering travel as a whole. After all, it is more fun and filling to have someone you can share everything with – may it be burden or fun.
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Google Finally Admits That Its Infamous Brainteasers Were Completely Useless for Hiring
800 google offices.jpg
"We found that brainteasers are a complete waste of time," Laszlo Bock, senior vice president of people operations at Google, told the New York Times. "They don't predict anything. They serve primarily to make the interviewer feel smart."
 - Design an evacuation plan for San Francisco
 - How many times a day does a clock's hands overlap?
Bock says Google now relies on more quotidian means of interviewing prospective employees, such as standardizing interviews so that candidates can be assessed consistently, and "behavioral interviewing," such as asking people to describe a time they solved a difficult problem. It's also giving much less weight to college grade point averages and SAT scores.
(PS: The answer is 500,000)


text:
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A Random Walk in One Dimension: Applet Demonstration
Course Topic(s): Probability | Stochastic processes, discrete Markov chains
This applet constructs a histogram of the resulting path of a random walker in one dimension. The user can change the number of steps, the probability of walking to the right, and the number of trials. There is a brief description ad a few guiding questions associated with this demonstration. This is one of the random applications in the Physlets project. (See the related resouces for the link.) The authors notes that the applet may not run on a Mac.
To rate this resource on a 1-5 scheme, click on the appropriate icosahedron:
Creator(s): Macneil Shonle and Shubba Tewari
Contributor(s): Macneil Shonle and Harvey Gould
This resource was cataloged by Ginger RowellPublisher:
Physlets Project at Davidson
Resource copyright: The Physlets applets are released under the GNU General Public License. The source code is readily available as a link off of each Phylet's page.The Physlet framework used by these Physlets itself is not free software and should not be distributed.
This review was published on October 11, 2012
Be the first to start a discussion about this resource.


text: If the Metamorphoses can be said to have a protagonist, Jupiter, the king of heaven, is that protagonist. He is the first god on the scene in Book I as he encounters the impious Lycaon, and he is present at the end of the poem in the Book XV at the deification of Julius Caesar. Jupiter's frequent presence in the poem does not, however, mean that he is a character worthy of respect. In most instances, Ovid portrays Jupiter as foolish, rash, and lustful. Jupiter destroys the world out of anger at one man, he rapes countless women (Io, Europa, Callisto, and Semele, to name a few), and he constantly deceives his wife, Juno, whom he fears. When Jupiter does attempt to do good deeds, he bungles them. When he tries to defend Dis, for example, he tells Ceres that at least her daughter, Proserpina, was raped by a god with good lineage. Ovid's portrayal of Jupiter is sometimes comic and nearly always dark.


text:
RCUI Document Version 5.0.0 for Oracle® Fusion Middleware 11g Release 1 Patch Set 1 (184.108.40.206.0)
Last Updated 06-May-2010
Content Switchers allow users to quickly jump back and forth between applications, to change the context of a page or page section, or to change user login.
Note: Images in this guideline are provided as a general reference, and may not be exact representations of FusionFX pages.
Related ADF Elements
Refer to the ADF Faces Rich Client demos page to find demos and tag documentation for the ADF elements related to this component:
Content Switchers are types of choice lists that are used to change quickly from one product, set of content, or user account to another.
Content Switcher usage depends on the type of switcher. Each type of switcher is described in its own section of this guideline:
- Application Switcher: Switches from one product to another.
- Context Switcher: Switches content within a page or section of a page.
- Login Switcher: Switches from one user account to another.
Note: The Content Switcher is not a separate ADF component. It is implemented using the "compact" mode of Select Choice, with certain types of values configured by product teams. See the Related ADF Elements list above for a list of ADF components that may be used to implement a content switcher.
All three types of content switchers consist of the same basic elements:
- Current Selection Text: Indicates the current application, context, or user account. The form of the text depends on the location of the switcher. See the section for each type of switcher for details.
- Drop-Down Button: Opens the switcher choice list. See the Select Choice guideline for component details.
- Choice List: Contains a list of applications, contexts, or users. Content switcher choice lists should be configured as follows:
- Each entry consists of a single line.
- Blank entries are not permitted.
- Entries should be grouped using separator lines.
Content Switcher Elements
The differences between content switchers are a function of switcher location and list content, as described in the following subsections.
Allows the user to switch back and forth between Oracle products.
- An application switcher may only be placed after the product name in the Branding bar, where the product name functions as the current selection text.
- When the user clicks the switcher drop-down button, the choice list displays a list of applications.
- Selecting an application name from the choice list takes the user to the Home page or default opening page of another application.
- Switch within a family of applications: for example, from Sales to Support applications.
- Switch between modules within a family of applications: for example, from one HR module to another HR module.
- Switch between related applications: for example, from a Sales application to Order Management application.
- Switch between different editions or versions of an application: for example, from a recruitment application for managers to a recruitment application for employees.
- The application switcher is primarily recommended for applications belonging to a product suite, where users may need to frequently switch between applications to gain different views or perform different operations on the same or related data.
- If implemented, the application switcher should appear on every page of the application.
- The application switcher must also be implemented in every application listed in the switcher to enable two-way navigation between applications.
- An application switcher should not be used for linking to locations other than the Home Page or default opening page of another application, or Favorites configured by the user.
- An application switcher choice list may also contain the list of Favorites the user has set up. This list should be appended to the application list, after a separator line.
- Do not use an application switcher to link to a specific location within another application. If this is required, use a link within page content together with instructions that identify the task to be performed at the target location in the other application.
Allows the user to change content on the current page or a section of the current page.
- A context switcher may be placed in different locations. In each location, the preceding header text functions as the current selection text.
- Contextual Branding, to switch context for the entire page.
- Primary page header/title, to switch context for the entire page.
- Section header, to switch context for that section only.
- When the user clicks the switcher drop-down button, the choice list displays a list of contexts.
- Selecting a context from the choice list refreshes the page or section with new content.
- Content changes made on one page are usually reflected on drill-down pages, and may also be reflected in subsequent pages of a multi-page process.
Context Switcher in Contextual Branding Area
Two Images of Context Switcher in Header Region (One Showing Select Choice List)
- A user is looking at a detail page of database XYZ, and then uses the context switcher to change the view to database ABC.
- A user is viewing assets for the Accounting department. There is an object list of assets, work requests regarding the assets, and other functionality regarding the assets of that organization. The user uses the context switcher to view the Marketing department assets.
- A project manager is viewing the project schedule and resources for construction of an office building, and then uses the context switcher to view the project schedule and resources for construction of a hospital.
- The context switcher is recommended as a quick, alternative method of switching page contexts, without requiring users to navigate up to an object list to select a different object or attribute.
- The context switcher is recommended for professional applications; avoid placing it in applications for non-technical users because users may lose track of their context if provided with context switchers.
- When implemented, the context switcher must appear on every page listed in the choice list to enable two-way navigation between those pages.
Allows the user to change login credentials without restarting the application.
- A login switcher may be placed after a login stamp, with the login stamp data functioning as the current selection text. See the Page Stamps guideline for more details on login stamps.
- When the user clicks the switcher drop-down button, the choice list displays a list of user IDs.
- Selecting a user ID from the choice list switches credentials, allowing access to different application features or data depending on privileges of the user account.
Login Switcher with User Stamp Label
- An administrator is logged in with a personal user account and realizes that super-user privileges are necessary to complete a task. In this case a login switcher allows the administrator to quickly change the login without needing to restart the application.
- A member of a project team is working on a shared computer when another user needs quick access to data managed within the same application. They can use the login switcher to quickly change the login account to view or edit data, and then switch back to the original login so the first user can continue work.
- The login switcher is recommended as a quick, alternative method of switching logins, without needing to restart the application or the system.
- The login switcher is recommended for professional users; applications for non-technical users typically provide access only for a single user ID.
- When implemented, the login switcher must be available for all user accounts listed in the choice list to enable two-way switching between user accounts.


text: Analysis of the empirical uncertainty for short-term repeat observations of vsini using order-sorting filter HR15N. Plot a) shows the variation of Evsini × (S/N)( [ vsini ] /C)2/ (1 + ( [ vsini ] /C)2)5/4 with S/N. The horizontal line indicates the value of parameter β in Eq. (3) fitted to the full dataset. Blue crosses show the estimated values β as a function of S/N corrected for the measured variation of β with Teff (see Sect. 4.4 and Table 3). Plot b) shows the variation of Evsini × S/N with vsini. The solid line show the relationship predicted using the theoretical value of C and the value of β from plot a). In plots a) and b) the y-axis shows an estimate of the standard deviation based on the MAD divided by 0.82 (for ν = 2, see Sect. 3.3). Plot c) shows the cumulative probability distribution (CDF) of the normalised uncertainty in vsini for short-term repeats. The red solid line shows results for measured data, the dashed line shows the cumulative distribution of a Gaussian with unit dispersion, and the diamond symbols show the cumulative distribution function for a Student's t-distribution with ν = 2.


elerea-0.1.0: A minimalistic FRP library
Elerea (Eventless Reactivity) is a simplistic FRP implementation that parts with the concept of events, and uses a continuous latching construct instead. The user sees the functionality through an applicative interface, which is used to build up a network of interconnected mutable references. The network is executed iteratively, where each superstep consists of two phases: sampling-aging and finalisation. As an example, the following code is a possible way to define an approximation of our beloved trig functions:
 sine = integral 0 cosine
 cosine = integral 1 (-sine)
Note that integral is not a primitive, it can be defined by the user as a transfer function. A possible implementation that can be used on any Fractional signal looks like this:
 integral x0 s = transfer x0 (\dt x x0 -> x0+x*realToFrac dt) s
Head to FRP.Elerea.Internal for the implementation details.
type Time = DoubleSource
Time is continuous. Nothing fancy.
type Sink a = a -> IO ()Source
Sinks are used when feeding input into peripheral-bound signals.
data Signal a Source
A signal is represented as a transactional structural node.
Functor Signal
Applicative Signal
The Applicative instance with run-time optimisation. The <*> operator tries to move all the pure parts to its left side in order to flatten the structure, hence cutting down on book-keeping costs. Since applicatives are used with pure functions and lifted values most of the time, one can gain a lot by merging these nodes.
Eq (Signal a)
The equality test checks whether to signals are physically the same.
Fractional t => Fractional (Signal t)
Num t => Num (Signal t)
Show (Signal a)
The Show instance is only defined for the sake of Num...
:: Signal a
the top-level signal
-> DTime
the amount of time to advance
-> IO a
the value of the signal before the update
Advancing the whole network that the given signal depends on by the amount of time given in the second argument. Note that the shared time signal is also advanced, so this function should only be used for sampling the top level.
time :: Signal TimeSource
The global time.
:: (Time -> a)
the function to wrap
-> Signal a
A pure time function.
:: a
initial state
-> (DTime -> a -> a)
state transformation
-> Signal a
A pure stateful signal.
:: a
initial state
-> (DTime -> t -> a -> a)
state updater function
-> Signal t
input signal
-> Signal a
A stateful transfer function. The current input can only affect the next output, i.e. there is an implicit delay.
:: Signal a
s: initial behaviour
-> Signal Bool
e: latch control signal
-> Signal (Signal a)
ss: signal of potential future behaviours
-> Signal a
Reactive signal that starts out as s and can change its behaviour to the one supplied in ss whenever e is true. The change can only be observed in the next instant.
:: a
initial value
-> IO (Signal a, Sink a)
the signal and an IO function to feed it
A signal that can be directly fed through the sink function returned. This can be used to attach the network to the outer world.


Filed Under:,
Dictionary Says
Definition of 'Retender'
The sale of a delivery notice for the underlying asset in a futures contract. A retender (also spelled re-tender) occurs when the buyer of a futures contract doesn't want to receive the underlying asset, which could be a complicated commodity such as corn or oil. By retendering the delivery, or tender, notice, they assure that the assets get delivered to the buyer of the notice instead.
Investopedia Says
Investopedia explains 'Retender'
Many traders of futures contracts want to bet on the direction in which they think the price of a particular commodity is going to move. They do not want to actually buy or receive the tangible asset that the contract is based on. Not all futures contracts allow for retendering, and some provide for cash settlement.
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 6. Top ETFs And What They Track: A Tutorial
 7. Introduction To Trading Eurodollar Futures
 8. A Fresh Look At The Financial Markets
 9. Introduction To Single Stock Futures
 10. Introduction to Stock Trader Types
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Saturday, January 11, 2014
What is a GEDCOM?
What is a GEDCOM?
A GEDCOM is a computer file that is in plain text. GEDCOM is short for GEenealogical Data COMmunication.
How do I get a GEDCOM?
You can create a GEDCOM from most genealogy software, and most genealogy software can import a GEDCOM.
Why do I want to create a GEDCOM?
The reason you would want to create a GEDCOM is to share genealogical data with another person or site that doesn't use the same software.
How do I create a GEDCOM from Legacy 8.0?
To create a GEDCOM from Legacy 8.0 you click on "File" in top toolbar, then pick "Export" and you can then pick the details of how you want the GEDCOM generated.
How do I create a GEDCOM from my family tree at
From your family tree on any page, you click on "Tree pages"
Tree pages
Then you pick "tree settings" from the dropdown menu.
tree settings
Then you click the Export Tree.
What can I do with a GEDCOM?
You can send the GEDCOM to people you want to send your family too.
If you have tested your autosomal DNA you can upload your GEDCOM to
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Tuesday, December 2, 2008
Myth Debunking 1: What Are Aldehydes, How do Aldehydes Smell and Chanel No.5
Ask any aspiring perfumista about aldehydes and you will hear that they are synthetic materials first used in Chanel No.5, that thanks to them this is the first and the prototype of synthetic fragrances and that aldehydes themselves have a champagne-like, sparkly, fizzy odor that makes the fragrance fly off the skin. This is what they have been told time and again. Ask any seasoned perfumephile and you will hear that aldehydes have a waxy, citrusy or rosy aroma, like snuffed-out candles (Luca Turin was instrumental to that with his references appearing in "Emperor of Scent"). The truth? It's a little more complicated than either!
It's a fact that aldehydes became famous through their introduction in copious amounts into the formula of Chanel No.5 in 1921. However No.5 is definitely NOT the first fragrance to feature synthetic aldehydes :
~"Though Chanel No. 5 is recognized as the first Aldehydic fragrance, created in the mid-twenties, the truth is that the first Aldehydic fragrance was Rêve D'Or(Golden Dream), [1]created in 1905 by Armingeat." (sic[2]).
Nor is No.5 the first modern perfume to feature synthetic components (that honor belongs to Fougère Royale -Royal Fernby Paul Parquet for Houbigant in 1882). Aldehydes themselves are organic compounds present in various natural materials (for instance natural citrus essences such as the one from orange rind, rose oil, pine essence, citronella and cinnamon bark ~they even appear in bovine heart muscle!). Several essence reconstitutions by chemists involved using aldehydes as various types can also be synthesized in the laboratory.
Aldehydes (same as ketones) are organic compounds which incorporate a carbonyl functional group (that's C=O). The carbon atom of this group has two remaining bonds that may be occupied by hydrogen or alkyl or aryl substituents. If at least one of these substituents is hydrogen, the compound is an aldehyde. If neither is hydrogen, the compound is a ketone. The majority of aldehydes and ketones have strong odors. Ketones generally have a pleasant smell and they are frequently found in perfumes (e.g. muscone in musk-smelling colognes). They are also used in food flavorings. Aldehydes vary in smell with most of the lower molecular weight smelling bad (rotten fruits), yet some of the higher molecular weight aldehydes and aromatic aldehydes smell quite pleasant and are thus used in perfumery. Formaldehyde is the simplest aldehyde with a central carbon atom bound to two hydrogen atoms (H2C=O). Discovered in Russia by A. M. Butlerov in 1859 it is very reactive, used in dyes, medical drugs, insecticides and famously as a preservative and embalming fluid.
Aliphatic aldehydes possess intriguing smells outside the realm of simplistically nice: butyraldehyde for example smells of rancid butter (from βούτυρο/butyro which means "butter" in Greek)! Acetaldehyde is the name of the shortest carbon chain aldehyde and is one of the oldest known aldehydes (first made in 1774 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele). Its structure however was not completely understood until Justus von Liebig determined the constitution of acetaldehyde 60 years later, described its preparation from ethanol, and baptised this chemical group "aldehydes".
Hardly a fragrance exists without some kind of aldehyde in it, which incidentally makes insisting the greatness of No.5 is due to its synthetic materials comparable to saying that the Pyramids are monumental because of their shape alone. It is the cleverness of marketing and the propagation of a myth that No.5 was meant to evoke an unnatural smell (because supposedly Coco Chanel insisted that she wanted a perfume smelling of a woman and not of flowers ~"women do not want to smell of a bed of roses") which gave rise to this confusion. Chanel No.5 and No.22 later owe their vivid sprakle to a specific subgroup of aldehydes which are called "fatty": strings of carbon atoms (between 8 and 13) coded in accordance to that number of atoms (ie.C8) with nomenclature deriving from Greek numerics, such as octanal from οκτώ/octo (=eight), in which each of the 8 carbon atoms is connected to two hydrogen atoms. The "bouquet" of aldehydes C10, C11, and C12 in Chanel No.5 became so popular that all consequent "aldehydic fragrances" used that sequence of aldehydes, giving a fizzy perfume-y scent that is quite characteristic with the direct result of having the perfume lover confused as to how aldehydes themselves smell. Fatty aldehydes have a citrusy or floral note, and a pronounced fatty/waxy/soapy tone which is very apparent if you consider a modern fragrance that uses them in high ratio: Sicily by Dolce & Gabbana. The soapy feel is unmistakeable! As an exercise compare that smell with your Chanel No.5: you will pick up the soapy facets in that one as well. Another reason that they read as "soap" is exactly because they have been used in the production of soap for years to give that fresh lemony feel.
Most widely used aldehydes in perfumery are C7 (heptanal, naturally occuring in clary sage and possessing a herbal green odour), C8 (octanal, orange-like), C9 (nonanal, smelling of roses), C10 (decanal, powerfully evocative of orange rind; Citral, a more complicated 10-carbon aldehyde, has the odor of lemons), C11 (undecanal, "clean" aldehydic, naturally present in coriander leaf oil~also used is unsaturated C11 undecen-1-al), C12 (Lauryl aldehyde evocative of lilacs or violets), C13 (waxy, with grapefruit tone)and the infamous C14 peach-skin note of Mitsouko: technically not an aldehyde, but a lactone ~gamma undecalactone.
Often the compounds are patented under commercial names; therefore their true nature remains arcane even to perfume lovers who might have seen them mentioned. For instance Triplal, a patented molecule by IFF: its chemical name is 2,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde. Its smell? Powerfully green and herbal, like crushing ligustra leaves between fingers. None of the characteristic aldehydes of Chanel No.5!
One interesting ingredient is phenylacetaldehyde which has a pronounced green note (top in natural narcissus and thus used to recreate a narcissus note in perfumery). The hydrocinnamic aldehydes are another family of materials from the manipulation of benzene and their odor profile resembles lily of the valley (muguet) and cyclamen. One of them is the famous Lilial (patented name for lily aldehyde; also known as Lilistralis), widely used in the replication of that elusive natural essence, lily of the valley. Another is Cyclamen aldehyde (usually produced with cumene as a starting material).
Aromatic aldehydes have very complex chemical structures but are the easiest to identify by smell. Anisaldehyde smells like licorice. Benzaldehyde on the other hand, has an odour profile of almonds and has several chemical constituents: cinnamaldehyde, amylcinnamic aldehyde, hexylcinnamic aldehyde. Condensation of benzaldehyde with other aldehydes gives a series of α-substituted cinnamlaldehydes, the lowest member of which is used in the production of cinnamyl alcohol, very important in the production of spicy perfumes (cinnamon note). Higher members, on the other hand, such as amylcinnamic aldehydes (ACA) and hexylcinnamic aldehyde (HCA) project a fatty jasmine impression despite their abscence from natural jasmine oils! Most synthetic jasmine perfumes today use one or both because they are inexpensive (Their fibre-substantive qualities also make them perfect candidates for laundry detergents and fabric conditionners). The hawthorn or aubépine note, rendered synthetically in perfumes for several decades, is produced via anisic aldehyde (p-methoxy benzaldehyde) and it has been sublimely woven into the gauzy cloth of Après L'Ondée by Guerlain (where it sings along with heliotropin). Additionally, the aldehyde vanillin is a constituent in many vanilla-scented perfumes. So nothing is as simplistic as one might assume!
Aldehydic fragrances include (click links to read corresponding articles/reviews): Chanel No.5 and No.22, Lanvin Arpège, Guerlain Liu and Véga, Worth Je Reviens, Millot Crèpe de Chine, Balecianga Le Dix, Revillon Detchema, Caron Fleurs de Rocaille (not Fleur, singular), Infini and Nocturn


text:
The current project was designed to determine if science outreach programs affect the attitude of the students toward science and increase the science content knowledge of the students participating in the program. Students from middle schools surrounding the Bowling Green area participated in the project. The data set includes a total of 850 students from 7th and 8th grade. Students were given a pre-test (taken several days before the presentation) and a post-test (taken several days after the presentation). The tests contain both subjective, affective as well as objective, content questions. The individual student pre-/post-tests were index numbered to protect the identity of the students. Each preand post-test was scored according to a defined rubric. The data was analyzed to determine if there was a statistical difference between scores on the preand post-tests. When a statistical difference was identified, the difference was then determined to be positive or negative employing the average difference in the values. The results from the various analyses are presented and discussed.
Advisor(s) or Committee Chair
Chemistry | Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Dumeyer, Erica M., "The Efficacy of Chemistry Outreach Programs on Middle School Students" (2010). Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects. Paper 229.


text:
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- put upon a spit; thrust through, as if with a spit; impaled.
- Spiked, or shot out to a point like a spit or bodkin, but without tines or branches: said of the antlers of a deer.
- v. Simple past tense and past participle of spit. (Etymology 1)
- v. nonstandard Simple past tense and past participle of spit. (expectorate, etc, Etymology 2)
GNU Webster's 1913
- adj. Put upon a spit; pierced as if by a spit.
- adj. Shot out long; -- said of antlers.
- obsolete p. p. of spit, v. i., to eject, to spit.
- See spit ("expectorate") (Etymology 2) (Wiktionary)
"The common name of "cow-spit," with the implied indignity to our "rural divinity," becomes singularly ludicrous when we observe not only the frequent generous display of the suds samples, thousands upon thousands in a single small meadow, but the further fact that each mass is so exactly landed upon the central stalk of grass or other plant -- "spitted" through its centre, as it were."
"This caused jamming, digging out with a pocket knife, and a whole lot of cussing while my friends continued raining down ducks, as I spitted out my choice words at Winchester."
"The groove in the main floor with the hearth was interesting and I believe it would have been for the juices from the spitted animals to drain off and through a sluice in the side walls."
"I too took position, marveling that it was possible I had spitted him heart-high and yet missed any vital spot."
"People had prayed, people loudness spitted on curse, people weeping at angry sounds, people silently watched the never saved war."
"Evolve with the forest" by Tokyo's Narisawa -- a gravely playful fairytale evocation of 'woodsy,' featuring a nub of marinated venison spitted on a cedar twig with a chestnut shell as an accompanying minidrinking bowl."
"His head has been spitted on a pike and displayed facing E Street as a warning to they who would mock our most precipitously extended federal debt."
"Before noon on the day of Diana's death, a thousand gossip columnists had spitted her memory on skewers of solid-gold cliché."
"She turned away as he spitted them over the flames."
"Sonsee-array screamed abuse at him, with obscene gestures, the Yawner gaped with laughter till his jaw cracked-and Mangas Color-ado's snake eyes went from me to the spitted peg and back again."
These user-created lists contain the word 'spitted'.
A list of words that are odd or words that I have looked up.
A roster of adjectives that infrequently surface in typical conversation and writing. Many are dredged from scientific or other technical jargon or sieved from examples of disused archaic forms.
Looking for tweets for spitted.


text:
In one-of-its-kind effort to conserve the snake from extinction, the Jim Corbett National Park has made mandatory for the forest department employees to adopt the methods to curb the declining number of snakes in the state.
As per the directive issued by the Chief Wildlife Caretaker, Dr Srikanat Chandola, forest department employees including the security staff will have to go through training sessions at Corbett Training Centre, Kalagarh to learn the procedures followed in protection of snakes.
Considered as the most persecuted of all animals, snake killing fails to come to a halt. With the destruction of habitat due to urban sprawl, deforestation and pollution, the snake count has drastically reduced leading to the extinction of its several species.
Gauging the importance of this carnivorous reptile in maintaining a healthy ecosystem, the caretaker has resolved to make training as a compulsory part of the curriculum. Under this, lessons and practical training will be given to forest police for controlling snake killings in the state.
Along with this, departmental officers and workers will be taught about the ways to prevent killing of snakes.
It is worth mentioning that out of 270 species of snakes in the country, 70 are found in Uttarakhand. Snakes are the indicators of the healthy ecosystem. They help to control rodent pests from destroying crops and helps in preparing life saving drugs.
However, following the lack of awareness amongst the masses, Additional Chief Forest Conservator, Jai Raj, in the year 2008, took an initiative in this direction. Helpline numbers were launched and NGOs were involved in the rescue operation. In this effort 94 workers of 37 departments were trained to protect snakes.