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During a recent visit to Kilosa District, Morogoro Region, Correspondent PROSPER MAKENE interviewed Sustainable Charcoal Project advocacy officer SISTY BASIL on how villagers can benefit from forestry management in their quest to protect the environment. Excerpts:
QUESTION: Why do we need sustainable charcoal in the country?
ANSWER: Tanzania's charcoal industry is one of the country's largest industries. The World Bank estimated that the industry is worth US$ 650 million and employs several hundred thousand people in rural and urban areas. Over one million tons of charcoal is consumed each year in the country. Millions of urban consumers also depend upon charcoal for the energy required to prepare their meals. Over 90 percent of urban Tanzanians uses charcoal as either their primary or secondary source of domestic energy. Alternatives – such as electricity, LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) or biomass briquettes – are either perceived as too expensive or hampered by undeveloped distribution and marketing networks.
The charcoal industry is characterized by weak governance. National and local governments lose an estimated US$ 100 million per year due to their failure to effectively regulate the industry. Little value accrues to the producers and to the villages on whose land, most charcoal is produced.
Currently, charcoal production in Tanzania is a major cause of deforestation and forest degradation. It has depleted forests and woodlands in forest reserves and on village land including biologically irreplaceable forest
Over the last decade, communities in Tanzania have established 814 village forest reserves covering 2.3 million hectares of forest and woodland. Sustainable charcoal production could offer a much-needed revenue stream for these reserves as well as providing rural employment. To achieve this new model of charcoal production and marketing is needed.
Q: What is sustainably produced charcoal?
A: Sustainably produced charcoal is charcoal produced from wood from woodlands under participatory forest management that applies ecologically sound harvesting principles. Charcoal is produced using efficient kiln technology and is transported and sold in accordance with national regulations.
Q: Why have you planned to establish a sustainable charcoal project?
A: Well, first of all the Sustainable Charcoal project is a partnership project that aims to establish a commercially viable value chain for legal, sustainably produced charcoal. The overall goal is to improve climate change adaptation and mitigation; to enhance environmental sustainability and to leverage returns on biomass resources; thereby delivering sustainable development to Tanzania and its people.
Q: What will the charcoal project do?
A: The project will work with communities and local government to establish sustainable and energy efficient charcoal production from woodland in village forest reserves. This will include training to village leaders and village natural resources committees; training to charcoal producers on improved charcoal production techniques; agreement on good practice in terms of harvesting, production techniques and governance; and integration of sustainable charcoal production into village forest reserve management plans. The project will also be linking the sustainable charcoal production with ongoing REDD (Reducing greenhouse gas Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in developing countries) initiatives. Also the project will train communities on the principles of conservation agriculture so as to increase their yield and decreasing dependency on the forest
Working with community networks, the project will support advocacy initiatives for improved governance of the charcoal sector. The project will also conduct an assessment of the environmental and social impacts of different charcoal value chains as well as life cycle assessment of the charcoal produced in Kilosa
However, the eco-conscious charcoal buyers in Dar es Salaam and other urban centres will be presented with the option to buy sustainably produced charcoal.
Q: Where is the sustainable charcoal project operating?
A: The project started operating in Kilosa District, Morogoro Region in June this year, where Tanzania Forest Conservation Group (TFCG) and Tanzania Community Forest Conservation Network (MJUMITA) has been supporting a community-oriented REDD project since 2009.
The project has focused on woodland adjacent to the high biodiversity forests of the Rubeho and Ukaguru Mountains, part of the Eastern Arc Mountains biodiversity hotspot.
Q: How long would this project exists and who are project partners supporting the project?
A: The proposed project lifetime is six years, comprising a two-year inception and design phase and a four year period of expanded implementation.
The project is financed by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC). SDC is Switzerland's international cooperation agency within the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA).
The project will work with two Swiss Research institutions: The Centre for Development and Environment (CDE) of which is the University of Bern's centre for sustainable development research with the aim of fostering sustainable development-oriented research and the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA) which is also is an interdisciplinary research and services institution for material sciences and technology development oriented to meet the requirements of industry and the needs of our society.
Meanwhile, Tanzania Traditional Energy Development Organisation ( TaTEDO) will provide expertise on charcoal production techniques.
While, TFCG a national non-governmental organization whose mission is to conserve and restore the biodiversity of globally important forests in Tanzania, is providing advocacy, participatory forest management, environmental education, community development and research to ensure that there sustainable charcoal production in the country.
TFCG has succeeded in rolling out innovative and high-impact solutions to the challenges facing Tanzania's forests and the people that depend on them.
Other partner is the Tanzania Community Forest Conservation Network (MJUMITA) of which MJUMITA play its role as a national network of community groups involved in participatory forest management.
The network provides a forum for capacity building, advocacy and communication for these groups to make sure that there is sustainable charcoal production that will ensure forest and environment protection.
Q: Who are the project beneficiaries?
A: The project aims to benefit rural communities in Kilosa District, particularly in areas where participatory forest management (PFM) processes already forms part of the pilot REDD programme. Sustainably charcoal production and support for climate smart, small-scale agriculture will be introduced in eight villages in Kilosa District.
Q: Are there any challenges that face the project since started in June this year?
A: Currently at the national level there is no dedicated policy which deals with charcoal sector in the country, this makes it easy for people to harvest charcoal in an unsustainable manners hence leading to increasing deforestation in the country.
However, the project plans to mark charcoal bags with a specifically designed log to show that the product was prepared according to the required environmental standards; the system will control the packaging of the commodity
We want to reduce degradation of our forests by insuring that charcoal is produced sustainably from identified sources


Horse Bio-mechanics & Horse/Rider Balance
Triathletes are able to push their bodies to extreme limits through proper conditioning and efficient body mechanics
Bio-mechanics has become a big buzz word in the horse world. Bio-mechanics entails looking at the natural structure of the body in order to better understand how it should ideally function. Humans have been using this research for many years to help athletes in every sport, but riders and horse trainers are only beginning to tap into the current research.
Dr. Scofield's work has to do with bio-mechanics and horse balance. He took the simple and classical Form-Function Principle and made it a tangible tool for horse-trainers, riders, judges and, most importantly, horses. He has used this tool in helping horse professionals to understand, why horse balance is so important. I had the pleasure of spending several months studying with Dr. Scofield.
Gavin Scofield D.O. is a registered Osteopath who graduated from the European School of Osteopathy and has run a full time international equine practice for 19 years. He sees over one hundred horses each week, making it one of the busiest practices of its type in the World. For the last 6 years Gavin has been the official Osteopath for the British Endurance team.
Dr Scofield describes the concept of "Point of Balance" below. That is followed by "practical implications" for the horse/rider, which is the thrust of my work as a professional horse trainer.
The Point of Balance as an Axis Point in the Body
The horseâ€™s body organizes around a "Point of Balance" (often this axis point is referred to as the center of gravity). It is important to note that the center of gravity refers to the center of a static mass (stationary body) and does not take into account the dynamic weight shifts and changes in force that affect the Point of Balance. For a body (horse) in motion the Point of Balance is a moving point
Center Of Gravity Of Stationary Horse. This shifts as a result of movement of head and neck and affects of the rider
Ideally, the body adapts, adjusts and organizes around a steady, still and equalized Point of Balance with an appropriate amount of weight distributed through the correct structures in the body during all phases of movement. An unstable or dislocated Point of Balance in the center will reverberate into the outer extremities with unbalanced weight distribution and therefore an unbalanced posture. Sustaining an optimal Point of Balance is the challenge of (horse) training and what needs to be addressed as a priority. Freedom of movement, efficiency and athletic strength can occur only when movement and function are appropriate to the structure and form.
Implications for horse/rider: This "Point of Balance" can move as the horse moves (with or without the rider) and moreso in horse/rider combination. It becomes the rider's responsibility to make the small adjustments necessary to keep both horse and rider organized around a steady, stable Point of Balance.
Tail shows struggle with balance. The rider is responsible for making the small adjustments that encourage horse to find balance during motion
The short-term and long-term benefit of this approach is helping the horse to efficiently utilize its frame and muscles, given the extra weight of the rider, and promotes healthy long-term physical development of the horse overall. Long-term loading of a horse improperly (imbalance)Â by the rider can cause a myriad of issues starting with soreness, joint issues and even lameness. The thrust of my work as a professional horse trainer is in helping riders to become not only knowledgeable about this concept, but helping them to understand how to effect and respond to the these changes in balance, while riding their horses. My work especially with rescue-horses, has shown how effective it can be in helping the horse overcome long-standing physical and emotional issues, caused by long-term imbalances.
Planes of Balance in the Horseâ€™s Body
These invisible planes and the Point of Balance are observable through the functional relationship of the skeleton and muscles or by observing the weight distribution through the legs. The ideal function of each body will vary according to its natural structure or form. The horseâ€™s structure tells us that the skeleton and muscles of the hindquarter have the greatest weight bearing capacity. For a horse to balance, a greater proportion of body weight should be equally distributed between the two hind legs compared to a lower amount of body weight equally distributed between the two front legs. The Point of Balance for a horse in motion ideally would stabilize in the center of the barrel, between the legs â€" a much different location from the static center of gravity which is the center of mass located closer to the horseâ€™s shoulders.
Implications for horse/rider:
The important point here is how the "Point of Balance" should "ideally" shift from point-1 to point-2 for a horse in motion (shown in Figure-1), allowing the horse to carry more weight on its hindquarters, off-setting the weight and mass of the neck and head by balancing more on the rear legs.
Weight and position of rider changes horse center of gravity
The rider can help the horse effect this "shift" first through straightness (left/right plane), then increasing impulsion (front/back plane) and engagement (up/down plane) of its hindquarters, allowing the horse to utilize itself biomechanically in a more efficient and more effective way; this as opposed to a "crooked" and/or "front-loaded" horse which in the long-run will likely suffer physically and psychologically by not being able to Â use its body in the most efficient way.
3 Responses to "Horse Bio-mechanics & Horse/Rider Balance"
 1. freesoft says:
 Thank you..really informative!!
 2. Felipe says:
 The quick answer is if you can teach soeomne to be a good rider, a true rider, equitation will follow naturally. My long-winded answer is this: : )Equitation in its truest form is really proper riding. You are correct that for many in today's showring it is just sitting there looking pretty. The top riders, however, are able to really ride while looking pretty at the same time.This comes from a basic understanding of the whys and hows. Why does a saddle seat rider carry their hands higher then a hunt rider? What is the effect on the horse when combined with the right bit for that horse and correct rein usage? How is this achieved?How does the riders seat really become a source of control over the horse, much more so then the hands/reins, when properly engaged?If you as an instructor understand the basics, the fundamentals of riding, in fact of horsemanship, you will find it much easier to communicate these ideals to your students.Position and posture in the saddle affect balance of both horse and rider, when a rider moves around the horse has to compensate in its actions to accomodate the rider. This can not only be distracting for the horse but can also throw the horse off balance.My biggest pet peeve and the one thing I really try to send home with my students is this: Every time your hand/arm moves you move the reins. Every time the reins move the bit is engaged/moved. The movement of the bit, whether intentional or accidental, is sending a message to the horse that it should be doing something differently then what it is currently doing. If the cue is not clear it confuses the horse, done enough times this will frustrate and maybe even upset the horse.I tell them to put their index finger crosswise in their mouth, resting against the corners of their lips. Then to push back on the finger, putting pressure on those corners. It is uncomfortable, even in this controlled situation. This gives them a tangible understanding of what it might be like for the horse when a metal bit is pressed against their bars or banging around in their mouth. This, combined with lots of work on balance, can really help to prevent a rider from being heavy handed, unsteady and popping the horse, or relying too much on the reins to stop a horse. I guess my point, however long-winded, is to teach not only how but why. Horsemanship is not the sloppy, arm flailing, butt bouncing way of the cowboys in the old movies, nor is it the sit still and look pretty way of too many young riders dreaming of top equitation ribbons. It is, however, somewhere in the middle. In thinking about it, many of the top, national level equitation riders of the last several years are still in the horse business, many as professionals now. This is because, I imagine, they learned how to be horsemen/women and became invested personally in the craft.
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Quote Of The Day
~H.H. Isenbart


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Whether it's due to a misspelled name, a legal name change, or other personal reasons, understanding the name change policy of your airline is crucial. In this article, we will explore Icelandair name change policy, providing you with guidelines and procedures to navigate the process smoothly.
What are the guidelines to request the name change/correction with Icelandair?
Here are the key guidelines that passengers should be aware of, including the timeframes within which the Icelandair name changes on tickets can be requested –
- When booking a flight with Icelandair, it is crucial to ensure that the passenger's name on the ticket must be identical to the name on the passport or government-issued photo ID.
- Altering both the first and last names is not permitted unless there are legal considerations.
- passengers cannot transfer their Icelandair flight booking to another person.
- As per icelandair name change correction policy, the following types of scenarios are not eligible for the name correction –
- Reservations that include codeshare agreement flight
- Group reservation that includes 10 or more passengers traveling on the same itinerary.
- Request which is made within 4 hours of scheduled departure.
- In the event that passengers need to transfer ownership of a ticket to another person, they must cancel the existing booking, request a refund, and then rebook the flight under the new passenger's name. For further details on cancellations, it is advised to refer to Icelandair flight cancellation policy.
What types of Name Correction Can Passenger Request With IcelandAir?
Passengers traveling with Icelandair are allowed to request specific types of name corrections.
- Misspelled name – Passengers can request Icelandair name correction up to 3 characters. This allows them to rectify any misspelled characters and ensure that their name matches their passport or government-issued photo ID accurately.
- Fix Abbreviation – If a passenger's name was abbreviated during the booking process, they can request to expand the abbreviation to its full form. For example, if the name "V. Smith" was entered, the passenger can request to change it to "Vincent Smith."
- Inverted name – In some cases, the order of a passenger's first and last name may have been entered incorrectly. They can request a correction to swap the positions of their first and last name.
- Middle Name Addition/Removal – If a passenger's middle name was incorrectly included or omitted during the booking process, you can request to add the name.
- Hyphen Correction – If a passenger's name includes hyphens or spaces, they can request corrections to ensure the correct placement of these characters. This is particularly relevant for passengers with hyphenated last names or multiple-word last names.
- Title Correction – Passengers can request a correction to their title, such as changing "Mr." to "Ms." or "Dr." to "Prof.," to reflect their correct gender or professional designation.
The aforementioned scenario applies for the name correction where you have to call the Icelandair airl customer and simply request.
Here are the following scenarios for the name change under legal guidelines –
- Marriage – If a passenger has recently married and legally changed their last name, they can request an IcelandAir name change.
- Divorce – In the case of divorce, where a passenger has legally reverted to their maiden name or a previous name, they can request a name change to update their booking accordingly.
- Court-Ordered Name Change – Passengers who have undergone a court-ordered name change can request a name change for their Icelandair flight booking to align with their legally recognized name.
The aforementioned scenario implies an Icelandair air name change fee. Also the ticket would be reissued to the existing or higher fare class, subject to availability.
How to request the name correction with IcelandAir?
To request a name correction with Icelandair, you can choose between two methods: online and over the phone. Here's how you can utilize each method:
- Online Method –
- Visit the official Icelandair website and navigate to the customer support or contact section.
- Look for the option 'My Journey'. Enter the Booking Reference and the passenger's Last Name.
- Attach any required supporting documentation such as a marriage certificate or legal name change document, if applicable.
- Review the information entered and submit the request.
- Pay the required Icelandair name change fee.
- The airline will send you the confirmation for the name corrections.
- Over the phone – Follow these steps to request the Icelandair name change on ticket through airline's customer service –
- Dial the customer service number and wait for a representative to assist you.
- Inform the representative that you would like to request a name correction for your flight booking.
- Provide the necessary information, such as your booking reference number and the passenger's last name.
- If required, be prepared to provide supporting documentation or details regarding the reason for the name correction.
- The airline will send you the updated flight confirmation and the itinerary on your registered email.
Promptly follow the instructions provided by Icelandair to facilitate a smooth and efficient IcelandAir name correction process.
How much is the fee to request the name change with Icelandair?
Passengers who need to request name correction/change within 24 hours of booking, no Icelandair name change fee is required.
Note: Icelandair Name Change Fee is applicable, but to know the accurate fee contact the airline's customer service.
In conclusion, understanding Icelandair name change policy is crucial when it comes to rectifying any errors or making necessary corrections to your flight booking. Remember to carefully review the requirements, gather the necessary documentation, and reach out to Icelandair's customer service for any additional assistance you may need.
Frequently Asked Questions
Yes. Icelandair provides an online platform for certain types of name corrections.
The required supporting documents may vary depending on the type of name correction. Common documents include a valid ID, marriage certificate, or legal name change documentation.
Icelandair name change policy allows 1 name correction per passenger.
Changing the name on a group booking with Icelandair may have different procedures and requirements. It's recommended to contact the airline's customer service.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Japan is much richer than South Korea because Japan has a GDP (per capita) of: $24,900 and South Korea's GDP (per capita) is: $16,100. The difference between the GDP of both countries is: $8,800. With this information, it shows how much money there is for every person in the country. So with this money, they might buy things that are expensive. For example, the number of televisions that are sold in is: 86.5 million and the number of television that are sold in South Korea is: 15.9 million. This shows that obviously there are richer people in Japan than South Korea because more people spend money on televisions. Plus, they may buy more than one television set for
their household because they may have a big family to entertain.
Japan's Birth Rate is 10.04 births (per thousand people per year) and
South Korea's Birth Rate is 14.85 births (per thousand people per year). This shows that South Korea is poorer than Japan because it's birth rate is higher than Japan's. This could be due to problems such as needing a big family to earn more money for everyone. This shows that Japan have enough doctors and hospitals to perform abortion to women who do get pregnant. Also, Japan encourages people to use contraception to prevent pregnancy. Japan's Death Rate is 8.34 deaths (per thousand people per year) and South Korea's Death Rate is 5.93 deaths (per thousand people per year). This shows that South Korea may have more doctors to help cure people with their illnesses.
Japan's Population is: 126,771,662. South Korea's Population is: 47,904,370. Even though Japan's birth rate is lower than South Korea's and Japan's population is larger than South Korea's, it shows that more people may migrate to Japan, as it is a richer country to live and work in.


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This free training game is useful to help participants consolidate learning in a fun way. The training game will test their knowledge as well as energising them!
A set of instructions for the training game, 'Stick Fish' can be downloaded for free from the link at the bottom of this page, or you can follow the notes below.
Tools – a pack of sticky notes and several wooden spoons or something similar to act as a 'rod
Write several questions relating to the training onto sticky notes (or ask participants to do this). Place these notes sticky side up and question facing down in the middle of the room. Ask participants to circle the sticky notes. They must use their wooden spoon to 'fish' for the sticky notes (the spoon should stick to the sticky part of the note and they can pick it up.
The winner is the person that catches the most fish. They can then ask the questions to the losers.
Alternative – you can make this game more interesting by including anchors, boots and tyres etc. to the sticky notes. If these are picked up, then the person loses a turn or one of their questions etc.
Use this training game to test the teams knowledge in a fun way.


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Elaborate Nest Decorations Show Bird's Vitality
The animal world is a noisy one with a vast vocabulary. A lot of what animals are saying is about sex, as in, "Hey, I'm here and available."
But scientists in Spain have discovered a very different kind of signaling by birds called black kites. The raptors decorate their nests with plastic — apparently to scare other birds off.
But it's not just any kind of plastic that works — it's only white plastic — bits and pieces the birds scavenge and lay inside their nests alongside their eggs.
Biologists wondered for years why these big predatory birds do this. So a research team set up in a national park in Spain and recorded and videoed kites in 127 nests for five years. Slowly this decorating habit started to make sense: It was a signal by the strongest birds that they were tough and could protect their nests.
Backing Up The Bravado
Lots of animals do things to show either toughness or sexual allure — they'll dance or bellow or display some overgrown body part. But Fabrizio Sergio of the Spanish High Council for Scientific Research says this is a pose of a different color.
"The most funny thing is probably that it's done in this case not through some parts of the body such as the plumage or a very pretty song," he says, "but it's made through some objects which are collected and constructed through the nest."
Sergio and his team think it's a construction that signals bravado. Think Harley-Davidsons and tattoos.
But the bravado is real because only the stronger, tougher nesting pairs decorate this way. The weaker birds — the youngest and the oldest — do not. In fact they actually rejected the plastic when scientists added it to their nests.
"Some of the individuals actually did not want it at all, they immediately removed it," Sergio says. "And this was very extraordinary. That requires some capacity to self-assess, realize that the signal that you find on your nest is off and then adjust it," he says.
One reason could be that when the kites add plastic, their nest immediately draws attention and attacks by other birds looking for food or a new nest. The tougher birds fight them off, and after that, they're pretty much left alone. But weaker birds don't have the wherewithal to fight a lot.
"The young males or the older more senescent males do it less because they're just less able to be successful if there is an aggressive contest that follows," Nowicki says.
Apparently they know it. That's why the weaker birds threw out plastic they didn't place there — they realized it was false advertising that could lead to trouble. Nowicki says that's no small feat. He explains that this signaling behavior works because the attacks keep weaker birds from bluffing. It means in scientific terms that the white plastic signal — "I'm tough" — is honest.
"A male who is in his prime is going to put more decoration on because he can back up his signal," says Stephen Nowicki, an evolutionary biologist at Duke University. "It's not bluff."
Why Advertise The Nest?
But is it really wise to advertise where a bird's eggs are? One bird biologist, Gerald Borgia at the University of Maryland, says he doesn't buy the toughness signal idea.
"To make a nest more obvious seems extremely strange," he argues.
He thinks the kites may be doing something quite different with the plastic — camouflaging the eggs. He says might be an alternate explanation — after all, the eggs are white and the kites choose white plastic. Maybe an array of white plastic in a nest is simply there to confuse predators that eat eggs.
The kite study was published in the journal Science, and it may take a few more studies to confirm what's going on here. But for biologists, this is more than just bird weirdness — it's a clue to how evolution winnows out winners from losers. Copyright 2011 National Public Radio. To see more, visit _URL_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Related to hall: Hall of Fame
(you) can't fight city hall
cliché You cannot defeat or prevail over a bureaucratic system or its rules. You might as well pay those parking tickets now because you'll never win in court. You can't fight city hall, after all.
See also: city, fight, hall
go fight city hall
One cannot defeat or prevail over a bureaucratic system or its rules (despite the connotation of the phrase as an encouragement of action). Good luck fighting those parking tickets—you might as well go fight city hall!
See also: city, fight, go, hall
(You) can't fight city hall.
Fig. There is no way to win in a battle against a bureaucracy. Bill: I guess I'll go ahead and pay the tax bill. Bob: Might as well. You can't fight city hall. Mary: How did things go at your meeting with the zoning board? Sally: I gave up. Can't fight city hall.
See also: city, fight, hall
can't fight City Hall
Unable to overcome bureaucratic rules, as in Brad couldn't get a permit without going through channels-you can't fight City Hall! This term transfers the seat of city government to a more general sense of bureaucracy in any sphere. [Mid-1800s]
See also: city, fight, hall
You can't fight city hall
sent. You cannot fight a bureaucracy. You can't fight city hall. Pay the parking ticket and forget it.
See also: city, fight, hall
can't fight City Hall, one/you/they
An ordinary person cannot overcome bureaucracy. The term is American in origin, for it is mainly in the United States that the seat of a city government is called City Hall (and has been since the late seventeenth century). The idea of combating the city bureaucracy is believed to date from the nineteenth century, when Tammany Hall was a powerful political machine that controlled the New York Democratic Party and, in effect, the city government.
See also: city, fight, one
you can't fight City Hall
See can't fight city hall.
See also: city, fight, hall
go fight city hall
The futility of challenging entrenched politicians or establishment. Although sounding like a call to action, the phrase means that any effort to succeed against bureaucracy is doomed to failure. It was popularized, although not coined, in the book Go Fight City Hall by Ethel Rosenberg, who with her husband Julius was later executed after being convicted of spying for Russia.
See also: city, fight, go, hall
See also:
References in classic literature?
The evening passed in song and laughter, and when darkness fell the Danes lay down to rest in the hall as of old.
"Jim Hall," said Judge Scott, and father and son looked significantly at each other.
"Now, listen; I'm going to teach you something," Hall commanded, a large round rock poised in his hand above the abalone meat.
So easily and smoothly had Dempsey and the board done their preliminary work that many in the hall had not noticed the checking of the fascinating O'Sullivan's social triumph.
The old Palais would be standing still, with its ancient grand hall; I should be able to say to the reader, "Go and look at it," and we should thus both escape the necessity,--I of making, and he of reading, a description of it, such as it is.
They passed through the hall and the small oak parlour, on the table of which stood the three tumblers and the empty rum-bottle which had served for Sir Pitt's carouse, and through that apartment into Sir Pitt's study, where they found Miss Horrocks, of the guilty ribbons, with a wild air, trying at the presses and escritoires with a bunch of keys.
"It is out of my power to send you to Redwood Hall at once," she resumed.
Pearl accordingly ran to the bow-window, at the further end of the hall, and looked along the vista of a garden walk, carpeted with closely-shaven grass, and bordered with some rude and immature attempt at shrubbery.
If he will adopt these regulations, in seven years he will be clear; and I hope we may be able to convince him and Elizabeth, that Kellynch Hall has a respectability in itself which cannot be affected by these reductions; and that the true dignity of Sir Walter Elliot will be very far from lessened in the eyes of sensible people, by acting like a man of principle.
In a hall, the height of which was greatly disproportioned to its extreme length and width, a long oaken table, formed of planks rough-hewn from the forest, and which had scarcely received any polish, stood ready prepared for the evening meal of Cedric the Saxon.
Braithwaite that I was dining at the hall. She was busy cooking, and I felt prepared for her unpleasant expression; but she showed no annoyance at my news.


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PCR prevalence of Ranavirus in free-ranging eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) at rehabilitation centers in three southeastern US states
Ranaviruses (genus Ranavirus) have been observed in disease epidemics and mass mortality events in free-ranging amphibian, turtle, and tortoise populations worldwide. Infection is highly fatal in turtles, and the potential impact on endangered populations could be devastating. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of ranavirus DNA in blood and oral swabs, report associated clinical signs of infection, and determine spatial distribution of infected turtles. Blood and oral swabs were taken from 140 eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) that were presented to the wildlife centers at the University of Tennessee (UT; n=39), Wildlife Center of Virginia (WCV; n=34), and North Carolina State University (NCSU; n=36), as well as a free-ranging nonrehabilitation population near Oak Ridge, Tennessee (OR; n=39) March-November 2007. Samples were evaluated for ranavirus infection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting a conserved portion of the major capsid protein. Two turtles, one from UT and one from NCSU, had evidence of ranavirus infection; sequences of PCR products were 100% homologous to Frog Virus 3. Prevalence of ranavirus DNA in blood was 3, 0, 3, and 0% for UT, WCV, NCSU, and OR, respectively. Prevalence in oral swab samples was 3, 0, and 0% for UT, WCV, and NCSU, respectively. Wildlife centers may be useful in detection of Ranavirus infection and may serve as a useful early monitoring point for regional disease outbreaks.
Matthew C. Allender, M Abd-Eldaim, Juergen P. Schumacher, D McRuer, L S. Christian, and Melissa A. Kennedy. "PCR prevalence of Ranavirus in free-ranging eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) at rehabilitation centers in three southeastern US states" Journal of wildlife diseases 47.3 (2011): 759-764.
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Title of publication
Audit of the National Defence University
Hanna Snellman, Vesa Korhonen, Mari Pantsar, Akseli Tiitta, Mira Huusko & Marja-Liisa Saa-rilammi, Self-assessment of the National Defence University (eds.) Matti Höysniemi
The Higher Education Evaluation Committee's decision
The National Defence University passed the audit on June 15, 2023.
The Quality Label is valid until June 16, 2029.
The audit team's evaluation of the evaluation areas I-III
I: HEI creates competence: excellent level
II: HEI promotes impact and renewal: good level
III: HEI enhances quality and well-being: excellent level
HEI as a learning organisation – evaluation area chosen by National Defence University
Responsibility and sustainable development
Theme and partner for benchlearning
Theme: The importance of multidisciplinary for the activities of the target organization
Partner: Finland Futures Research Centre (University of Turku)
Key strengths and recommendations
- The curricula of the National Defence University have been excellently documented and described. The pedagogical manuscripts contain well-defined intended learning outcomes and competence assessment criteria.
- The National Defence University is a sought-after collaborative partner nationally and internationally. The University's networks are diverse and support the development of the activities with other security authorities and higher education institutions.
- The quality system of the National Defence University is used to manage the University and the information it produces is utilised in development in an exemplary manner.
- The National Defence University has well identified sustainable development and responsibility as its enhancement area.
- The National Defence University needs to enhance the identification and recognition of prior learning to make it more comprehensive.
- The National Defence University should encourage researchers more to drawing up joint publications with both Finnish and international researchers to increase the impact of research.
- The turnover of teaching staff every two years challenges the transfer of tacit information and pedagogical development. A career path in teaching could be one opportunity on an officer's career path.
- The entire University should be engaged in responsibility and sustainable development in a cross-cutting manner, making it concrete activity for everyone.


text:
The TM-3 has evolved into the ultimate forming machine for small diameter wire.
The TM-3II contains the optimal tool rotation system for small diameter wire to maintain a constant wire line.
Table rotating torsion machine for wire diameters of 0.05 mm to 0.3 mm
-Does not place a burden on the wire, preventing it from twisting.
-Also suitable for special stock.
-Equipped with 11 standard axes: feed, table rotation, 8 slides, and quill rotation.
-Up to 3 optional RR servos can be added.
Dedicated MNO Program for Spring Production
-Easy operations for quicker preparation.
-High resolution for controlling the latest servo motors.
-Allows varied control of axes based on measurement results.
-Common program for both torsion machines and coiling machines.
-Includes a motor sensor system.
-Versatile production management screen and production data collection function.
We've taken the popular TM-3 to the next level
-The TM-3II is based on the popular TM-3, but with greatly improved operability and accuracy.
> Angles where tools cannot enter have been eliminated from the table circumference.
> Includes a correction function to ensure the slide does not move forward or backward when the table is rotated in the processing position.
> The feed unit has been revised to greatly improve wire line performance.
-All slides can be used as a sensor
-Motor sensor system
(can be used for measuring the bend angle, free length, touch sensor, outer diameter, etc.)
-MSD-1 sensor with servo motor
Can be used to measure the free length and outer diameter.
IS-1 shape detection unit with camera


text:
, AO, DoF etc) but we can probably get away with skipping the Albedo, Emissive parts. However you twist and turn it, you will end up with less memory bandwidth and thus better performance. We can also skip ping-ponging when doing bloom and blurs, because we can use a pixel-local cache to save a horizontal blur result when doing a vertical blur, and vice versa.
To enable this in Nebula, we need to add it to the design of a frame shader. A frame shader (perhaps they should have a renderer-specific implementation?) should need a SuperPass tag which can hold many ordinary Pass tags. A would be the Vulkan equivalent of a RenderPass, and an ordinary would be a SubPass. This would allow us to pass 'framebuffers' as input attachments within the and when the ends, we explain what will actually become resolved.
Nebula also needs (with the help of AnyFX) to enable sampler objects in the shader code. In GLSL there are two texture types, sampler1D -> samplerCubeArray and image1D -> imageCubeArray. Samplers would have a sampler attached to it from the application, and images would only be readable through texel fetches. However, in the Vulkan GLSL language there is a new type of texture called, well, texture, and it follows the same range from texture1D -> textureCubeArray. To sample such a texture, we do texture(sampler(AlbedoMap, PointSampler), UV); which is very similar to the DX11 way, which is AlbedoMap.Sample(PointSampler, UV); In the Vulkan GLSL language, we can create a sampler couple when sampling from a texture, which allows the exampled AlbedoMap to be texture sampled using many different samplers without having to exist more than once. However, Vulkan also supports pre-coupled sampler and images, so for the time being, we will stick to that syntax.


The motivation behind the world's fastest electric ice cream van
What motivates an inventor and entrepreneur to design the world's fastest ice cream van? Edd China, a British inventor and TV presenter from Surrey, has broken the Guinness World Record by creating an ice-cream that clocked up speeds of 73.921 mph. Although he doesn't sell ice-cream for a living, he is on a mission to decrease carbon emissions and demonstrate that businesses aren't negatively impacted by embracing electric vehicle technology.
This is Edd's seventh Guinness World Record title centred around speedy motorised vehicles, but the project was never about just breaking records. After Edd discovered that ice cream vans were being banned in some London boroughs due to their harmful emissions, he decided to create a special engine conversion kit that can run on electricity rather than diesel. He hopes to roll it out as a business, and in doing so, to future-proof ice cream vans as a key part of the British summer.
The van originally ran on a Mercedes Sprinter diesel engine. After two years of modifications the record was broken at Elvington Airfield in Yorkshire with a speed which would have warranted a speeding ticket on a motorway.
What's next for the inventor? He has his sights set on breaking the record for the fastest motorized shopping trolley currently held at 70.4 mph and to make it street legal.
Other notable records involving automobiles include:
The longest journey by a coffee-powered car
In 2010, a Volkswagon Scirocco was driven 337 km from London to Manchester powered by coffee. The modified car works by heating coffee granules in a charcoal fire, which break down into carbon monoxide and hydrogen. 'Car-puccino' can reportedly reach 60 mph and achieved 1 mile per 56 espressos. The process works because coffee granules contain a small amount of carbon.
The fastest police car in service
To help them keep up with rich businessmen in their speeding sports cars, police in Dubai decided to invest in one of the most powerful production cars on the planet: a Bugatti Veyron. With a blistering top speed of 253 mph and a US$1.6 million price tag, the Dubai police parked the Veyron alongside a Lamborghini Aventador that they already owned. The Veyron, however, was renowned in 2016 as the second fastest street-legal car in the world, only pipped by the 301 mph Hennessey Venom GT.
Guinness World Records 2021 book has just been released.


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Microarchitecture-Aware Physical Planning for Deep Submicron Technology
MetadataShow full item record
The main objective of this thesis is to develop a new design paradigm that combines microarchitecture design and circuit design with physical design for deep submicron technology. For deep submicron technology, wire delay will be the bottleneck for high performance microarchitecture design. Given the location information, inter-module latency can be calculated and hence, performance of the system can be estimated. In this thesis, we present a novel microarchitectural floorplanning that can help computer architects tackle the wire delay problem early in the microarchitecture design stage. We show that by employing microarchitectural floorplanning up to 40\% performance gain can be achieved. We also extend the framework to include three dimensional integrated circuit (3D-IC). 3D-IC is a new integration technique that is also introduced to address the wire delay issue in deep submicron technology. By combining microarchitectural floorplanning with 3D-IC, we show that wire delay impact can be reduced substantially. We also show that not only the module location, but also the module size can impact the performance. Adaptive search engine is introduced to identify the right module size. Using our adaptive search engine, we show that the system can identify good module sizes that help improve the performance with a shorter run-time than the limited runtime brute force search. Our microarchitecture-aware physical planning assumes that the target clock period can be achieved by inserting more flip-flops into the system. Inserting flip-flops along the wires can make the system meet the timing constraints without violating correctness of the circuit on that path because the function of the wire is to transfer signal from one location to another. However, inserting the flip-flop along the paths that consist of gates cannot guarantee the correctness of that path. A circuit optimization technique that allows flip-flop insertion along circuit path is called retiming. In this dissertation, We show that retiming can be used to achieve target clock period in microprocessor design. With the same target clock period, power reduction technique can be combined with retiming to help reduce the power consumption. We show that up to 34% power reduction can be achieved without timing violation. Furthermore, to tackle the problem of process variation in deep submicron, we also propose a modified retiming that can tolerate errors from statistical timing computation. We show that our statistical retiming algorithm provides close results to Monte-Carlo simulation results.


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Designers love to say that their furniture "tells a story." Italian designers Studio Formafantasma take that one giant step further with Domestica, a chair commissioned by the Dilmos Gallery that tells the history of their nation.
Not the entire history, of course. (We'd hate to think what this thing would look like with a chapter on Berlusconi.) Instead, the designers evoke key chapters of the Italian experience, from its rural past to revolutionary heroics during World War II, by creating a nest-like chair out of a traditional Gerla basket. They explain:
[T]he Gerla Basket [is] a container usually used by farmers to collect harvested cereals and transported as a bag-pack. In some region of north of Italy, the Gerla basket has in time assumed other connotations and it is often considered as a symbol of the Italian resistance movement during World War II.
Apparently, women used the baskets to bring food and ammo to partisan forces formed by pro-Allies Italians. (To hammer home the military reference here, Studio Formafantasma stitched a little Italian flag onto a green wool blanket that doubles as the chair's headrest.)
Women used the baskets to bring ammo to partisan forces.
By now you're probably wondering: Does this thing even work? If you fill up the basket, won't the rest topple over? And doesn't that make for a horrible chair? Well, sure. But that's not the point. Studio Formafantasma have earned their star toiling away in the murky zone between design (stuff that works) and art (stuff that doesn't work). What their design objects do matters less than what they mean. Domestica is no different. "The design of the object and its undefined functionality invites the user to invent new gestures and rituals," they say. "Such rituals are stimulated by ancient memories evoked by the familiarity of an object rooted in tradition." Which is an arty way of saying that the chair does more than tell the story of Italy. It tells any story you want it to tell.
[Images courtesy of Studio Formafantasma]


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The concept of current working directory (CWD) becomes important here. Consider CWD as a folder inside which Python runs. Whenever files are called by their name alone, Python assumes that it runs in the CWD, which means that the name-only reference will only succeed if the file is in the Python CWD.
Note. The folder where the Python script is executed is called Current Directory. This is not the path where the Python script is located.
Getting the current working directory
Python provides OS module for interacting with the operating system. This module is included in the standard Python utility. All functions in the os module call OSError for invalid or unavailable file names and paths or other arguments that are of the correct type but are not accepted by the operating system.
# Python program to explain the os.getcwd () method
# import of the os module
import os
# Get current work
# directory (CWD)
cwd = os.getcwd ()
# Print current job
# directory (CWD)
print ( "Current working directory:" )
print (cwd)
Note. To learn more about os.getcwd () click here
Get script path
os.path.realpath () can be used to get the path to the current Pyhton script. Actually
# Python program to get
# script path
import os
# Get current job # catalog (CWD)
cwd = os.getcwd ()
print ( "Current Directory:", cwd)
# Get directory
# script
script = os.path.realpath (__ file__)
print ( "SCript path:", script)
Note. To learn more about os.path.realpath () click here.
Learn examples from DataCamp guru:


Friday the 13th
When is the next Friday the 13th?
The next Friday the 13th will occur in in 91 days
Find more in the calendar.
Be prepared!
Follow us on Facebook or Twitter and get an early warning when Friday the 13th is near.
Why is Friday the 13th considered unlucky?
The precise origin of the superstition surrounding this day is unknown.
The oldest evidence of Friday the 13th being considered unlucky dates back to the 19th century, but individually Friday and the number 13 have been associated with bad luck way before that.
How often is it Friday the 13th?
Friday the 13th occurs at least once every year. On average there are 212 days between each occurrence. The longest time between to consecutive occurrences is 14 months.
Don't worry
Everything will be fine … if you are lucky!


text:
When I was in 10th grade, my chemistry teacher took a latex glove, wrapped the wrist around the top of a dowel and put it in a vacuum chamber. As the air drained from the chamber, the glove started to blow up (1). Once the air was completely drained, the glove kept expanding until it popped. It wasn't a normal pop though. We watched it grow, saw it pop, but didn't hear a thing (2). After the demo, my teacher had us talk about what happened, and our questions like, "Where did the air that blew up the glove come from?" and "Why couldn't we hear the latex glove pop?" were answered.
(1) Vacuums are strong. And what makes them so strong, curiously enough, is what they lack…Matter. The stuff that makes up stuff. So how does this magically blow up an empty glove? I'm glad you asked. When my teacher wrapped the wrist of the glove around the dowel, she actually trapped a small amount of air in the glove. Now, just so you have an accurate idea of where we're at so far, for all intensive purposes we would naturally consider this glove empty of air. She squeezed it in her hand before wrapping the wrist around the dowel. However, empty isn't actually empty unless you're talking about a vacuum. So when the vacuum chamber outside the glove was drained of air, the small amount that was trapped inside the glove acted like a proper gas and expanded to fill it's container. To avoid getting too nit-picky, I'll say this as fast and as efficiently as I can. The glove is not considered the container for the air which is trapped inside. The glass dome that encloses the whole vacuum chamber is considered the container since it doesn't expand like the latex of the glove does. It's as simple as that. The gas inside the glove expanded to fill it's container. So that's how a lack of matter leads to an abundance of matter.
(2) We watched it grow, saw it pop, but didn't hear a thing. Wait—last time I checked, latex balloons make a sound when they pop. So how can a latex glove pop and not make a sound? Science, my friend, science. Sound waves vibrate the air like ripples in a pond vibrate the water. So when it comes to sound, substitute the water with the air that we breathe. We hear our cell phones ring, our alarm clocks buzz, and the horns in our cars all because the sound they make vibrates the air and that vibration travels to our ears. To understand the lack of noise when the glove popped, just reverse that concept. The glove blew up because of the lack of air outside it. And that lack of air gave the sound waves nothing to travel through so those vibrations never reached our ears.


, or None if it wasn't found
Given a string name, look for a C/C++ variable in global scope with that name, returning it as a gcc.VarDecl, or None if it wasn't found
gccutils.get_field_by_name(decl, name)
Given one of a gcc.RecordType, gcc.UnionType, or gcc.QualUnionType, along with a string name, look for a field with that name within the given struct or union, returning it as a gcc.FieldDecl, or None if it wasn't found


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Concrete Examples of Orderings
Last week, I noted that if you have an object with two components, each of which you know how to order independently, it requires at least a little thought to figure out how to do so. Moreover, there is a commonly used strategy, often called lexicographical order or dictionary order, for taking the ordering strategies for individual components and combining them.
The C++ library is considerate enough to implement dictionary ordering for its users in (at least) three places. The first is the
std::pair template, which defines the six comparison operators in terms of the corresponding operators of the pair's components. Specifically,
pair(x1, y1) < pair(x2, y2) is defined as x1 or ==. Part of its technique for doing so rests on the fact that the comparison x2 < x1 can take place only when it has already been established that x1 pair(x2, y2) is defined as pair(x2, y2) < pair(x1, y1) pair(x1, y1)!= pair(x2, y2) is defined as!(pair(x1, y1) == pair(x2, y2)) pair(x1, y1) <= pair(x2, y2) is defined as!(pair(x1, y1) > pair(x2, y2)) pair(x1, y1) >= pair(x2, y2) is defined as!(pair(x1, y1)< pair(x2, y2))
The underlying principles are easy to understand once explained:
- The pair template never depends on more than the == and < operations on the components.
- Order relations are defined entirely in terms of other order relations.
- Equality relations are defined entirely in terms of other equality relations.
- If the element types have relations defined that meet the library requirements, then the resulting relations on pairs will also meet the library requirements.
As a generalization of
pair, the library tuple template also implements the six comparison operators in terms of < and == on the
tuple's elements. Like
tuple does not reply on the other four comparison operators on elements.
The third place where the library implements dictionary order is in the
lexicographical_compare algorithm. This algorithm accepts two pairs of iterators, each of which defines a range of elements, and uses an extended version of this comparison procedure to compare the sequences:
- If both sequences have the same length and every element is equal to the corresponding element of the other sequence, the two sequences are considered equal. This case holds even if both sequences are empty.
- If one sequence is a prefix of the other, the shorter sequence is considered less than the other.
- Otherwise, the result of the comparison is the result of comparing the elements that make up the first discrepancy between the sequences.
This function offers an easy way to define sequence comparison in terms of element comparison when all the elements have the same type.
Unless there is a good reason to do otherwise, one's first thought about how to define comparison between two data structures should probably be to compare the data structure's elements along the lines that we've been discussing. The main mistake that beginners make is to believe that it is possible to define
pair(x1, y1) < pair(x2, y2) as something such as
x1 < x2 && y1 < y2, which doesn't work.
There is another pitfall in defining comparison relations: Sometimes the obvious way of comparing individual elements doesn't always work. We'll look at some examples of that pitfall next week.


create a tikz based on attached pictures.
Make sure all the content is in one tikzpicture environment.
not create more than one tikzpicture environment.
b. Do not use section heading (
section{…}) for any text.
1.a: The black words and red words in the green box should be aligned:
one red symbol under each word, you can use a tabular environment for
Same for the last box with black and blue text.
The three boxes in the bottom row should still be aligned in one row.
2: The axis labels (search/discover/structured data/etc) should be
where they are in the original picture.
And the labels should be in
one node (Search (goal-oriented) in one node, Discover (opportunistic)
in another node, etc)
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text:
Q From Peter McMenamin: What was the dash in dashboard?
A A simple one for a change, with a straightforward answer.
This key component of vehicles, with its gauges and controls, has been called a dashboard since early in the history of motoring. Despite the obvious associations, however, it has nothing to do with speed.
An early railway carriage
It's an example of technological and linguistic conservatism. When railways began, passenger accommodation was built by artisans who were skilled in constructing their road equivalents. They used the same techniques and employed the same vocabulary. They put stage coach bodies on wagon frames and, in Britain and some other countries, continued to call them carriages. The builders of the early motor vehicles likewise borrowed their methods and their language from the horse-drawn vehicles they had long been familiar with. More than a century ago, the unknown writer of a syndicated column in a US newspaper discussed this conservatism under the headline Evolution in Carriages:
The motor carriage is already in evidence, and it, too, bears the earmarks of its horsy, though horseless, origin. One of the latest forms of these carriages bears all over indications of the existence of the horse that isn't there. In front there is a high leather dashboard to protect the riders against the splashing from the hooves of the absent animal.
Tyrone Daily Herald (Pennsylvania), 28 Oct. 1897.
The sense of dash is the one that refers to the "violent throwing and breaking of water or other liquids upon or against anything", as the Oxford English Dictionary puts it. The dashboard was a wooden board, or a leather apron like the one that the article mentions. It was placed at the front of a carriage, sleigh or other vehicle to catch the mud or water thrown up by the horses' hooves and stop it from soaking the driver and his passengers. We would now call it a kind of mudguard.
The very earliest examples of the original sense of dashboard are from the second decade of the nineteenth century. This is a slightly later appearance:
On Monday evening, Lord Lyndhurst was driving a gig near Guildford, when the horse began to kick and plunge, and at length breaking the dash-board, his Lordship and his friend jumped out, and sustained no injuries.
The Morning Post (London), 24 July 1832.
Since horse-drawn vehicles were hardly new, it had presumably had other names before this, although the only other one I can turn up is splash-board, which is contemporary with it.
Early motor vehicles left the driver totally exposed to the weather, so the dashboard wasn't as useless as suggested by the anonymous writer I've quoted. It did protect the legs of the driver against wind and rain. A similar design appeared on trolley cars, trams and other vehicles (such as the one at right) and had the same name. As vehicle designs evolved, a windscreen (windshield) was put in place above the dashboard and the latter became a handy place to put the instruments. But it kept its name.
It has recently stepped even further away from its origins by being borrowed for a computer display that shows useful real-time data such as the time, weather, news headlines, stock prices and phone numbers. It's a long way from horse-drawn carriages on muddy roads.


text:
We investigated the association of human leukocyte antigen antigens and type 1 chronic active "autoimmune" hepatitis in a population of 65 white Argentinian patients, taking into account the different manifestations of the disease. Standard microlympho-cytotoxicity was used for human leukocyte antigen A, B, C, DR and DQ typing. Human leukocyte antigen class 2 alleles were also typed on genomic DNA by means of polymerase chain reaction amplification and hybridization to sequence specific oligonucleotides. A primary association with human leukocyte antigen DR4 was present (human leukocyte antigen DR4: 44% in patients vs. 29% in controls; χ2, 5.6; p = 0.02, relative risk, 2.1). However, a novel association was observed with human leukocyte antigen A11 (31% in patients vs. 6% in the controls; χ2, 25.3; corrected p = 0.001; relative risk, 6.8). Moreover, of the 20 human leukocyte antigen A11 patients, 18 had extrahepatic manifestations associated with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. This represented 60% of the patients bearing this form of the disease (n = 30), conferring a relative risk of 22.2 (χ2, 46.3; corrected p = 0.00008). In this group, human leukocyte antigen DR3 and DR4 had a weak association. When present together, human leukocyte antigen DR4 and human leukocyte antigen A11 had a synergistic effect, yielding an odds ratio of 357. Statistical analysis and family segregation studies suggest that the two loci products may represent independent risk factors for this form of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. This synergistic effect was not evident with A11 plus DR3. In autoimmune chronic active hepatitis patients without extrahepatic manifestations, a weak association with human leukocyte antigen DR6 was found. Interestingly, in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis of childhood (in which extrahepatic manifestations are seldom observed) a strong association with human leukocyte antigen DR6 was recently observed in patients from the same ethnic group and geographic region. The clinical and genetic heterogenity observed in this study may explain the weak human leukocyte antigen associations reported previously for autoimmune chronic active hepatitis and suggest that the extrahepatic forms in patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis represents a separate clinical entity.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Number of pages||4|
|State||Published - Jun 1994|
ASJC Scopus subject areas


text:
On 2001-12-08 09:47, SEG9585 wrote:
Since photons in a wave of light always move at the speed of light, if the frequency of one wave was higher than another, wouldnt the higher-frequency's wave take longer to get somewhere than the light with a lower frequency over a long distance, (on a longitudal line). Since the frequency is higher, the waves are shorter and go up and down alot more than the straighter, low-frequency photon flow. This would mean the higher-frequency photon has to travel faster through its waves to keep up with the other wave, which is impossible Can someone clear this up for me?
Also, do waves travel in a mere line up and down, or does it sort of swirl as it travels?


Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced in the ovaries. It's important in the development of reproductive organs.
Blood levels of AMH peak around age 20-25, then decline as a woman gets closer to menopause [389]. After menopause, AMH is no longer detectable [389].
Women with higher blood levels of AMH may have a higher risk of breast cancer compared to women of the same age who have lower levels of AMH [389-392].
Why might AMH blood levels be related to breast cancer risk?
Higher AMH levels may reflect some reproductive events. For example, women with higher blood levels of AMH are more likely to have a later age at menopause than women with lower AMH levels [393].
Having a later age at menopause is linked to an increased risk of breast cancer [10,15,20]. This increased risk is likely due, at least in part, to the amount of estrogen a woman is exposed to in her life. A higher lifetime exposure to estrogen is related to an increase in breast cancer risk [19].
Updated 02/25/21


Also known as Chaliponga. One of the most important principle admixtures of Ayahuasca or Yagé said "to heighten and lengthen" the drinks inebriation. Direct import from Peru. (28 grams dried leaves) In the westernmost Colombian Amazonia the leaves are often used as additives in the preparation of Ayahuasca Banisteriopsis caapi. The Sionas use this species to 'enhance the visions' to 'bring them into focus and bring about longer duration'. The term 'Oco' in all Tukanoan languages means 'water'. This plant was formerly known as Banisteriopsis rusbyana.
Diplopterys cabrerana leaves
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text:
The Leadership Development in Interethnic Relations (LDIR) Program grows out of a specific moment in the landscape of Los Angeles culture. In the late 1980′s, several community centers and places of worship were vandalized with messages of hate. By 1989, the Asian Pacific American Legal Center (APALC) began thinking seriously about developing a program that would provide individuals with specific skills to address human relations issues.
The first LDIR program began in 1991 and graduated the first LDIR participants a few weeks after the Los Angeles 1992 civil unrest. While the first class was conducted solely by APALC, after the graduation the League of United Latino American Citizens (LULAC) of San Gabriel Valley added their support. The Southern Christian Leadership Conference/Martin Luther King Dispute Resolution Center (SCLC/MLKDRC) also joined as a formal partner to better round out the program's curriculum and community representation.
In 1997, with the support of the LDIR's Operations Board which by then included APALC, the Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund (MALDEF), and SCLC/MLKDRC, the decision was made to take the LDIR program into the schools and into the classrooms. The mantra at the time was "every student at every school." The LDIR school-based program ultimately expanded to public schools in Los Angeles, San Gabriel and Alhambra Unified School Districts working with hundreds of students.
In 2002, with the support of the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, LDIR replicated the training in Flint, Michigan, and Philadelphia, helping those communities to make the curriculum their own. In the ensuing years, LDIR positioned itself at the vanguard of leadership development programs by expanding its curriculum to build greater understanding of, and participation by, transgender, queer, and other populations often facing discrimination and exclusion.
In 2004, LDIR staff conducted an indepth study of existing leadership development programs in the health sector and recognized a need for health based leadership programming. In mid 2005, LDIR launched the LDIRs in Health Program. In early 2007, the LDIRs in Health Program brought training resources to a new community of health advocates in the Central Valley.
At this same time, other non-profit organizations increased their demand for training resources and technical assistance. LDIR staff developed marketing materials and a condensed training curriculum to respond to this need. By the end of 2007, responding to the training needs of non-profit organizations had become an integral part of LDIR program delivery.
From schools, to new communities, to multiple sectors, the LDIR program has continued to expand to share resources in new and innovative ways.
The LDIR program is co-sponsored by:


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This image is a four-frame, horizontal art piece featuring four of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's vital mission phases. From left to right they are: launch, aerobraking, science and relay. Each frame is a colorful, surrealistic representation of that particular event done by artist Tina DiCicco. The launch frame features a stylistic, black rocket leaning away from Earth to simulate take off. The rocket is trailed by a tail of small red, orange and yellow shapes meant to represent the engines firing. The second frame is aerobraking and features a colorful, boxy spacecraft using its large, rectangular solar panels for drag in the martian atmosphere. The third frame represents the science phase of the mission when the spacecraft actually begins collecting vital data. In this artistic image, the boxy spacecraft is orbiting a red Mars, using its powerful HiRISE camera to view the surface in unprecedented detail. The swaths of data it takes are represented by purple and green triangles of color on the planet's surface. The final frame is meant to represent the relay phase. Against a purple sky, a rover on the martian surface sends information (drawn as a line) to the boxy Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and the orbiter, in turn, returns the information (line) back to Earth.
Full Res JPG (1.6 Mb)
Important Stages of Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
Artist Tina DiCicco's image highlights four important stages of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mission: launch, aerobraking, science and relay.
Credit: NASA/JPL/DiCicco
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Can NROC courses be installed in Google Classroom?
Unfortunately, no. Google Classroom is a way to manage web-based content (links), specialized apps, and Google's own tools for the classroom, but it does not allow for the import of course content from IMSCC or ZIP files, nor does it support LTI connections.
All NROC Courses require an LMS that supports IMSCC import or, in some cases, ZIP format. Additionally, both NROC Developmental Math with PreAssessments and NROC English require an LTI connection.
Until Google Classroom supports these industry standards, NROC courses will remain incompatible with Google Classroom. NROC courses can be installed in standard learning management systems that support IMSCC and LTI, such as Moodle, Canvas, Blackboard, Sakai, Schoology, and D2L.
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text:
The DataPortal Query module allows querying of data in a Composable DataPortal using Entity SQL. It takes a DataPortal ID, an SQL query, and a list of objects as parameters and returns a Composable Table.
See below for a complete discussion of inputs and options.
The following example DataFlow demonstrates many of the possible ways to use the DataPortal Query module. This DataFlow uses the DataPortal Query sample DataPortal model, which creates a DataPortal called
DataPortalQuery by default. WARNING: this DataFlow deletes all existing data in the DataPortal, so only run it against a test DataPortal. You can change the name in the Excel file if you already have a
DataPortalQuery DataPortal, just be sure to select the right DataPortal when configuring the DataFlow.
Adding New Data
This DataFlow uses the DataPortal Sync module to add entries to the DataPortal we can query from. These will create 5 entries, each having two FamilyHistoryEntries.
Querying Data Using Entity SQL
To ensure the proper types are returned if the query produces no data, it is usually best practice to not use the VALUE keyword. The module will provide a warning if the user attempts to use it and no data is returned. The recommended way of returning all data from a table is as shown below:
There is no '*' selector in Entity SQL. If you want all the rows to be returned in a query you must manually specify them. For a full list of the differences between Transactional SQL queries and Entity SQL queries refer to the official documentation.
The output of the DataPortal Query module is a Composable Table. If the object is a one-to-one relationship such as Double, the value will simply be returned as it exists in the database. If the object is a one-to-many relationship in the case of FamHistoryEntries which is a Table, an error will be thrown. To reference these write a SQL query like the one shown here that joins the tables:
This is the Id for the DataPortal you wish to query. Simply click on it and select the DataPortal from the list that appears.
This is the SQL query you wish to execute on the DataPortal. Specific formatting can be found in the example.
This takes in a list of KeyValuePairs of type
Cases AS c
FamilyHistories AS h
ON c.Id = h.CaseId
WHERE h.HasFamilyHistory = _USER_


How It Works?
The PYTHON Works With Just
3 Simple Steps
Python Pontoon Fender Hanger
 1. Pull up on the blue safety lever. The lever can rest as shown to keep the gripping cam open.
PYTHON Pontoon Fender Hanger
2. Insert the rope and position as desired.
PYTHON Pontoon Fender Hanger
3. Flip the blue safety lever back down to allow the cam to grip the rope.
To shorten the rope distance, simply pull on the rope. The rope will stay secure and lock back into place. To extend the distance or release the rope, pull on the rope to remove tension and then rotate the cam to release the rope.
Ropes under tension can hold dangerous amounts of energy and may cause injury or property damage. Use caution and remove rope tension before releasing the rope.


Memory Alpha
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Nogami, shortly after being revived in 2371
Nogami was a second lieutenant in the Japanese military in the early 20th century. In 1937 Nogami was one of three hundred Humans abducted from Earth by an alien species called the Briori and taken to an unnamed class L planet in the Delta Quadrant. Nogami and seven of the other abductees were put in cryogenic stasis and came to be known to the abductees' descendants as "the 37's". They remained in stasis until the crew of the USS Voyager revived them in 2371.
After being revived, Nogami chose to remain with the Human settlement on the planet when Voyager left to resume its journey back to the Alpha Quadrant, reflecting that he would be very happy living among the descendants of the original Japanese abductees, who had apparently grown into a sizable community since their arrival on the planet. (VOY: "The 37's")
Nogami was played by James Saito.
His name was in the script and never mentioned in dialog.
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text:
- Can someone read your text messages from another phone?
- Can someone read my text messages from their iPhone?
- How can you tell if someone is reading your text messages?
- Is someone spying on my phone?
- Can I track my wife's phone without her knowing?
- How can I track my husbands cell phone without him knowing and for free?
- How can I see my boyfriends text messages without him knowing for free?
- How do you tell if your phone is being monitored?
- Why am I getting my wifes text messages on my iPhone?
- How do I stop someone from getting my text messages?
- Can someone access my text messages?
- How can I read someones text messages without them knowing?
Can someone read your text messages from another phone?
No one is allowed to trace, track or monitor someone else's text messages.
One of the hacking spyware built and used for the text messages spying purposes mentioned above is mSpy.
Using cell phone tracking apps is the most well-known method of hacking someone's smartphone.
Can someone read my text messages from their iPhone?
Yes. If he has an iPad, Mac, or iPhone hooked up to the same iCloud account as you use on your iPhone, then all of the texts you receive will notify him too, and he can see your sent texts and send some of his own too.
How can you tell if someone is reading your text messages?
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How to see if someone has read your text message on iphone
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Is someone spying on my phone?
If you are the owner of an Android device, you can check whether there is spy software installed on your phone by looking at your phone's files. Go to Settings. Find "Additional settings."
Can I track my wife's phone without her knowing?
You can send your spouse an email with an image in it – once he or she clicks on it, the app is installed without their knowledge. This app can monitor their texts, emails, calls, and location as well. mSpy is the preferred tracker when it comes to Android phones and tablets.
How can I track my husbands cell phone without him knowing and for free?
mSpy can help you track your husband's cell phone. You can also monitor all calls dialed and received, contacts, calendar, text messages (SMS) and other important data to tell if your husband is cheating. With the help of mSpy you can track and locate your husband's cell phone without hime knowing.
How can I see my boyfriends text messages without him knowing for free?
The quickest, most hassle-free way to read your boyfriend's text messages without touching his phone is via Spyic for iOS. The app allows you to remotely read your boyfriend's texts without physically accessing the iPhone or even going near it.
How do you tell if your phone is being monitored?
Here are 10 ways to tell whether or not your phone is being monitored.
- Abnormally High Data Usage.
- Cell Phone Shows Signs of Activity in Standby Mode.
- Unexpected Reboot.
- Odd Sounds During Calls.
- Unexpected Text Messages.
- Deteriorating Battery Life.
- Increasing Battery Temperature in Idle Mode.
- Increased Shut Down Duration.
Why am I getting my wifes text messages on my iPhone?
If you're getting messages meant to go to another device or person in your family, it might be because your Apple ID is tied to their particular devices. To see which accounts are associated with your Apple ID, go to Settings>iCloud>select your account at the top>Devices. Head to Settings>Messages>Send & Receive.
How do I stop someone from getting my text messages?
To do this, open the conversation thread from them in the Messages app. Tap the three dots in the upper right corner, then choose "People and Options." Tap on "Block ." A popup window will ask you to confirm you want to block the number, noting that you will no longer receive calls or texts from this person.
Can someone access my text messages?
Reading Text Messages Secretly
You can read text messages on any phone, be it Android or iOS, without the knowledge of the target user. All you need is a phone spy service for it. Such services are not rare nowadays. There are so many apps that advertise phone spying solutions with top-notch services.
How can I read someones text messages without them knowing?
So you can read text messages from another phone without them knowing. While for Android phone you require a one-time app installation, the app always runs in stealth mode. Once the app is installed, the app icon vanishes from the menu list.


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Background: The success of targeted anti-cancer drugs are frequently hindered by the lack of knowledge of the individual pathway of the patient and the extreme data requirements on the estimation of the personalized genetic network of the patient's tumor. The prediction of tumor sensitivity to targeted drugs remains a major challenge in the design of optimal therapeutic strategies. The current sensitivity prediction approaches are primarily based on genetic characterizations of the tumor sample. We propose a novel sensitivity prediction approach based on functional perturbation data that incorporates the drug protein interaction information and sensitivities to a training set of drugs with known targets.Results: We illustrate the high prediction accuracy of our framework on synthetic data generated from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and an experimental dataset of four canine osteosarcoma tumor cultures following application of 60 targeted small-molecule drugs. We achieve a low leave one out cross validation error of <10% for the canine osteosarcoma tumor cultures using a drug screen consisting of 60 targeted drugs.Conclusions: The proposed framework provides a unique input-output based methodology to model a cancer pathway and predict the effectiveness of targeted anti-cancer drugs. This framework can be developed as a viable approach for personalized cancer therapy.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Structural Biology
- Molecular Biology
- Computer Science Applications
- Applied Mathematics


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Lynx X-Ray Observatory
The Lynx X-ray Observatory is a proposed X-ray space telescope, designed to be the next generation following NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and the European Space Agency's upcoming Athena Telescope. This observatory will be able to take images of a larger area of the sky in X-ray light with better resolution than any existing telescope, allowing astronomers to study the first supermassive black holes, the hot gas surrounding galaxies as they evolve, and radiation from the earliest stars. Researchers from the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian and other universities are presenting Lynx to NASA for consideration in the 2020 Decadal Survey, with a proposed launch date in the mid-2030s.
Visit the Lynx X-Ray Observatory Website


Tolkien Gateway
Revision as of 10:27, 20 May 2007 by Elemmakil (Talk | contribs)
Bifur was a companion to Bilbo Baggins and Thorin Oakenshield on the Quest of Erebor. He arrived at Bag End in the company of his brother Bombur, and cousin Bofur. He fought and survived the Battle of Five Armies. Bifur was a descendent of Dwarves of Khazad-dum, but was not of Durin's line, which means that he was of either the house of the Firebeards or Broadbeams. Which most of the population of these two houses dwelt for all of the Second Age and the through the mid Third Age. It is possible that Bifur fought in the Battle of Dale during the War of the Ring.
The name of Bifur originates in a medieval poet collection Eddaand the list of dwarves in Völuspá, where it is written as Bívurr.
Members of Thorin and Company


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In this essay we will discuss about:- 1. Meaning of a Departmental Store 2. Features of Departmental Stores 3. Essential Conditions 4. Organisation Structure 5. Advantages 6. Disadvantages.
Essay on Departmental Store
- Essay on the Meaning of a Departmental Store
- Essay on the Features of Departmental Stores
- Essay on the Essential Conditions for Success in Departmental Stores
- Essay on the Organisation Structure of a Departmental Store
- Essay on the Advantages of Departmental Stores
- Essay on the Disadvantages of Departmental Stores
Essay # 1. Meaning of a Departmental Store:
A departmental store is a large scale retail business institution having a number of departments, each specialising in one kind of merchandise and expected to show profit for the department while remaining as a component of the entire business unit. It is, in a technical sense, a horizontally integrated retail business house with all departments under one roof.
In it, each department is a speciality shop such as textile department, drugs department, books and stationery department, video cassette department, etc. A consumer can hope to get all that he needs in a big departmental store.
That is why, it is remarked that a big departmental, store is a place where different sections or departments deal in articles ranging from 'pin to plane'. Such departmental stores are usually located in the central places of big cities.
Essay # 2. Features of Departmental Stores:
The main features characteristics of a departmental store are:
1. It is mostly organised as a joint stock company. Its organisational head is the board of directors with a managing director or a general manager entrusted with the implementation and execution of the policies and programmes formulated by the board. The General Manager coordinates the activities of various departments as their overall chief.
2. It is generally divided into several major sections to facilitate smooth working of the stores.
The major sections in it are shown below in a chart:
3. As regards the day-to-day working, the departments enjoy independence and freedom but all are owned, managed and controlled centrally.
4. It concentrates in one place opportunities for the satisfaction of innumerable wants of the consumers.
5. Having been located in the central place or shopping centers of a city, a departmental store can attract people from all parts of the city and others who came to the city from outside.
Essay # 3. Essential Conditions for Success in Departmental Stores:
(1) The organisational structure of a departmental stores must be sound enough to facilitate coordination among the departments.
(2) The departmental managers must be given due freedom with respect to their day-to-day activities.
(3) The policies and programmes for the management and control must be uniform for all departments.
(4) The shopping for the consumers, particularly housewives, should be easy through a provision of a whole range of goods belonging to different lines in the same building.
(5) Certain services outside the scope of ordinary business such as car parking, cafeteria, telephone, recreational facilities, etc. should be provided to attract the customers.
Lastly, attractive show-windows, display of products, skilled salesmen, low operating costs, etc. are also the essential factors for the success of a departmental store.
Essay # 4. Organisation Structure of a Departmental Store:
Essay # 5. Advantages of Departmental Stores:
As a form of large-scale retail business institution, the departmental store possesses the following advantages:
1. Economy in Purchases:
As regards the purchasing function, a departmental store plays the role of a wholesaler. It buys goods in bulk direct from the manufacturers, enjoys discounts and rebates and credit facilities, and thereby incurs lower freight charges. This centralised buying lowers down the unit cost prices of the goods. Employment of expert buyers for the departments is possible with a view to achieving economy.
2. Effective Advertising:
Being large in size and having diversity in different lines of products and services, a departmental store can afford to advertise on a bigger scale through press and other media of publicity. It can also decorate its departments with attractive show-windows for display of goods with a view to attracting customers.
3. Increase in Sales Turnover:
Having been located in central positions and in popular shopping centers, people from all parts of the city and others who came to the city from outside patronise the departmental store. Moreover, the consumers can buy their requirements of varied kinds under one roof. These factors lead to increase in the sales turnover.
4. Non-Business Services:
A modern departmental store does not confine itself merely to the business activities concerning the products being dealt in through the departments. Various non-business services like car-parking, cafeteria, telephone and telex, and recreational facilities provide additional advantages and benefits which are of definite attraction to the customers.
Essay # 6. Disadvantages of Departmental Stores:
Inspite of the above-stated advantages, a departmental store suffers from the following limitations or disadvantages:
1. Locational Unsuitability:
Due to expansion in the urban conglomeration, the limits of a city have widened. The centralised location of a departmental store becomes unsuitable to the vast majority of consumers who live at rather long distances from the central parts of the city.
According to J. Stephenson, a departmental store can obtain the shopping trade by being centrally located but the trade in articles of everyday use, which are frequently wanted at short notices, goes to their smaller rivals who are located near the houses of their customers.
2. High Operating Costs:
High rental for the premises because of central location in a city, excessive and exotic non-business services (e.g. cafeteria, telephone, etc.) provided, high salaries and wages to the officials and staff, -higher costs of decoration and maintenance, etc. increase the burden of selling expenses.
These have great impact on the fixation of product selling prices on account of these cost factors, and a departmental store finds it difficult to sell the products at reasonable prices. Thus the customers are mostly restricted to the well-to-do sections of the society.
3. Lack of Personal Element:
Like small retail shops, a departmental store cannot attend to the customers' needs and fancies as the customers are lost in the multitude that gathers in the store. The customers who are interested in personal attention by the salesmen do not prefer a departmental store and rather make their purchases from smaller retail stores.


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Reviewed by Sarah Haines
Science Education Professor
Often in elementary level life science, we focus on the mature stages of living organisms. Children learn to recognize them quite well, but they may not be as familiar with how the organisms got that way in the first place. For example, many children do not recognize larval forms of insects, but they can easily name adult forms.
This book is one in a series that focuses on the life stages of various living organisms. Written at approximately a fourth to fifth grade level, the text provides an elementary but fascinating look at the life cycle of a ladybug. The magnified photos are sure to attract the young reader as they gain an up–close look at the life stages and anatomical parts of the insect. These full page photos with captions support a large text so the books can be accessible to younger readers as well. The books ends with a very nice summary of the entire life cycle of the ladybug, from egg to adult. This full page outline of the organism's life cycle includes thumbprints to reference the photos in the book. There is a glossary, an index and several print and online resources. The books in this series would be excellent for supporting National Science Standard C: Life Science–Life Cycles of Organisms.
Review posted on 8/22/2012


ingredient information
HydrocolloidsA hydrocolloid is defined as a colloid system wherein the colloid particles are dispersed in water. A hydrocolloid has colloid particles spread throughout water, and depending on the quantity of water available that can take place in different states, e.g., gel or sol (liquid). Hydrocolloids can be either irreversible (single-state) or reversible. For example, agar, a reversible hydrocolloid of seaweed extract, can exist in a gel and sol state, and alternate between states with the addition or elimination of heat. Many hydrocolloids are derived from natural sources. For example, agar-agar and carrageenan are extracted from seaweed, gelatin is produced by hydrolysis of proteins of bovine and fish origins, and pectin is extracted from citrus peel and apple pomace. Gelatin desserts like jelly or Jell-O are made from gelatin powder, another effective hydrocolloid. Hydrocolloids are employed in food mainly to influence texture or viscosity (e.g., a sauce). Hydrocolloid-based medical dressings are used for skin and wound treatment. Other main hydrocolloids are xanthan gum, gum arabic, guar gum, locust bean gum, cellulose derivatives as carboxymethyl cellulose, alginate and starch. [edit] Interaction between colloid particles


or enforcement of the Act. The Bureau's Information Bulletin on the Communication of Confidential Information under the Competition ActFootnote 8 is available on its website, and stakeholders are encouraged to consult that Information Bulletin, or direct specific questions to the officer identified above.
 2. Should the Bureau publish a report in relation to the Study, the analysis therein may be based on confidential or commercially sensitive information. We encourage stakeholders to identify any confidential or commercially sensitive information in their submissions. The Bureau will anonymize the information to the best of its ability.
 3. The Bureau will conduct its analysis in confidence. To help ensure that no confidential or commercially sensitive information is publically disclosed, the Bureau will provide affected stakeholders, as appropriate, with an advance copy of any report forty-eight (48) hours prior to its intended publication for the sole purpose of allowing them to identify whether any confidential or commercially sensitive information has been included.
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