Diversity of load
I have tried to figure out the diversity of load formula in Appendix B of the 1999 Code, but haven't been able to figure out how the numbers or variables are arrived at. Could you please answer by showing several formulas as examples and use other than 50% load diversity and tell me how the diversity is deduced? Is it the average percentage of total ampacity per wire? I have contacted two electrical engineers who had no idea what I was talking about.
It is important to understand that an appendix or a fine print note is not part of the requirements of the NEC. Mandatory terms are never used in an appendix or in a fine print note. The heading of Appendix B clearly states that the appendix is not a part of the requirements of the Code but is included for informational purposes only.
Section B-310-15(b)(1) is related to Section 310-15(a)(1). This section allows ampacity to be determined through the use of Article 310 tables or under engineering supervision through the use of Section 310-15(c). The formula for this calculation is given in Section 310-15(c) along with a fine print note directing you to Appendix B for information.
Section B-310-15(b)(2) refers to IEEE paper 57-660, "The Calculation of the Temperature Rise and Load Capability of Cable Systems," by J. H. Neher and M.H. McGrath. The formula found in Section 310-15(C) is based on this paper and is commonly known as the Neher-McGrath formula. The Neher-McGrath paper itself is 20 to 25 pages in length. If you intend to use this calculation, you should obtain a copy of this IEEE paper.
Application of the engineering calculation is far too complex to be covered in the Code Guide format. Over the years, a number of articles have been published on the subject in various trade journals. Most of the articles in my files offer only an outline of the application of the method.
Dann Strube
Termination ampacities
Could you please explain the use of dual-temperature rated wires in the ampacity Table 310-16? I was under the impression that I could only use the 90°C values if the terminations, and devices, were rated for 90°C. In the McGraw-Hill handbook a section addresses de-rating wire for "more than three wires in a conduit" that indicated the advantage of using the higher 90°C value. In this case I am using six aluminum conductors in a 2-in. conduit with a calculated load of 88A. These are two residential feeders 120V/208V single-phase three-wire circuits, which come from a three-phase system.
Because there are more than three wires I will have to adjust the ampacity of the wire to 80%. The breaker will be 100A or less. I have been told that it is permissible to use the 90°C rating for No. 1 aluminum at 15A and derate to 115 × 80% = 92A.
Is there any clear explanation as to the use of these dual temperature ratings? These feeders will be in a dry location, XHHW insulation.
I have also tried to understand the use of the load diversity formula and the examples in Appendix B to no avail.
 - The example in Appendix B is based on 50% load diversity. How is the load diversity calculated? Is it simply the total amperage divided by the number of conductors for an average amperage per conductor?
 - Is the 0.5 number in the Code book formula a static or given number and always the same in the formula or is it based on the 50% diversity and does it change with a different diversity?
 - In the formula, "N" and "E" are different, based on what? If my phase conductors are both loaded to 88A then my neutrals in this instance also carry 88A.
But more important than applying this formula to my specific situation I would like to understand the use of the formula.
Termination ampacities and ampacities for conditions of use are two separate considerations. In your example, you have a conductor with a 90°C insulation rating. This means the conductor can operate at up to 90°C without damage to the insulation. According to Section 310-15(B)(4)(b), the neutrals are current-carrying because they are derived from a 208/120Y system. For your conditions of use, normal ambient and six current-carrying conductors, the temperature correction factor is 1.00, and the adjustment factor is 0.80, so the ampacity of No. 1 Aluminum XHHW is 115 × 0.80=92A. Since your load is 88A, the conductor is big enough for the load. Rounding up from 92A in accordance with Section 240-3(b) allows the feeder conductors to be protected by a 100A overcurrent device.
In this example we have considered the temperature factors explained in Section 310-10 to be sure the conductors will not be overheated. However, we haven't considered whether the terminals would be overheated.
The 100A overcurrent device is assumed under Section 110-14(c) to have 60°C terminals. For 60°C terminals, the maximum ampacity of the No. 1 XHHW conductors comes from the 60°C column of Table 310-16. Therefore, the load on the conductors would be limited to 85A to avoid overheating the terminals, and the No. 1 conductors would not be big enough. However, if the terminals are actually 75°C, which is fairly likely, or if the feeders qualify for the special rules of Section 310-15 (b)(6), the No. 1 conductors would be suitable for the terminals.
As for the information in Appendix B, three points must be understood before we try to use this optional method. First, Section 310-15(c) requires that the Neher-McGrath formula shown be used only under engineering supervision. Second, Appendix B does not include the complete method for calculating ampacities, it only provides examples for underground duct banks. Third, in order to use this method, you will need the Neher-McGrath paper and perhaps some of the other information listed in Appendix B, Section B-310-15(b)(2). As to your specific question, the variables N and E are explained in the notes to the formula under Table B-310-11. The 0.5 in the formula is a constant for the stated 50% diversity. Example No. 1 shows an example of 50% diversity, that is N=24, and E=12, 24 conductors are in the raceway, but only 12 are current-carrying. 12/24=50% diversity, which is the assumption in the table as indicated by the asterisk note.
Note that when diversity is 50%, the number under the radical is "1," and the table factors work by themselves. The formula is for correcting the table values only when diversity is other than 50% and only when there are between 10 and 85 conductors, which was the reason for adding the formula and examples in the 1999 NEC. Example No. 2 shows a situation where N=24 and E=18. That is where there are 24 conductors but only 18 are current-carrying. In this case, the ampacity limit for the No. 14 conductors is reduced to 11.5A rather than 14A.
There has been some disagreement, even among Code panel members, as to what "diversity" means. IEEE does not help. According to the IEEE Gray Book, a diversity factor is always 1 or greater. My interpretation is that in the second example, the diversity is 18/24=75%. If only six conductors were loaded out of 24 conductors, the diversity would be 6/24=25%. As the diversity goes up, the ampacity goes down, and as the diversity goes down, the ampacity goes up, as illustrated by the formula and examples of Table B-310-11, Fine Print Note.
Noel Williams
Mike Harrington, Managing Editor, CEE News
Primedia Business Magazines & Media
9800 Metcalf Ave., Overland Park, KS 66212
Include a sketch where appropriate.


01775nas a2200169 4500008004100000245010900041210006900150260002400219300001400243520113000257653001201387100002001399700001901419700001701438700001501455856013501470 2003 eng d 00 aTowards a Haptic Black Box: Magnetorheological fluid based display for softness and shape discrimination 0 aTowards a Haptic Black Box Magnetorheological fluid based displa aTaipei, Taiwan cMay a2412-2417 3 a
In this paper we propose an innovative prototype of a haptic display for whole-hand immersive exploration. We envision a new concept of haptic display, the Haptic Black Box concept, which can be imagined as a box where the operator can poke his/her bare hand, and interact with the virtual object by freely moving the hand without mechanical constraints. In this way sensory receptors on the whole operator's hand would be excited, rather than restricting to just one or few fingertips or phalanges. To progress towards such a challenging goal, magnetorheological (MR) fluids represent a very interesting technology. These fluids are composed of micron-sized, magnetizable particles immersed in a synthetic oil. Exposure to an external magnetic field induces in the fluid a change in rheological behaviour turning it into a near-solid in few milliseconds. By removing the magnetic field, the fluid quickly returns to its liquid state. We briefly report on the design of this device, describe psychophysical experiments to assess performance for softness and shape exploration, and report on the experimental results.
 10 aHaptics 1 aScilingo, E. P. 1 aSgambelluri, N 1 aDe Rossi, D. 1 aBicchi, A. uhttps://www.centropiaggio.unipi.it/publications/towards-haptic-black-box-magnetorheological-fluid-based-display-softness-and-shape


text: Interpreting large complicated panels with interesting stories requires understanding the basic symbols and symbol combinations that makes up much of the grammar of the picture writing system. Researcher Levan Martineau found his first keys to breaking the code by using locator panels. Locators are smaller panels that either direct passers-by to a hidden or out of the way panel, or identify the location of a hidden waterhole, underground cavern or other important location. The first locator symbols deciphered by Martineau are shown below. (The following chart was adapted from Levan Martineau (1973) The Rocks Begin to Speak, KC Publications).

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
create gmail filter.
If you need to send weekly report to someone - then again create a script which can generate automatical report for you. The web is full with example scripts. For example for python you can use something like:
send_an_email.py or others like:
Bonus: 8. How to enable the preview pane
Working with Gmail preview pane will save you hundreds of clicks and will help you very quickly to manage new messages. In order to enable Gmail preview pane you can do:
- Open Gmail
- Click the gear wheel button on the top right
- Select Settings
- Go to section Advanced
- Scroll to Preview Pane section
- Select Enable
- Save the changes
Two more things about Gmail preview pane:
It can be toggled by:
- top right corner
- press toggle button (next to the gear wheel)
- now you can choose:
- Vertical Split: Positions the preview pane to the right of the email.
- Horizontal Split: Positions the preview pane below the email, on the bottom half of the screen.
Personally I prefer the vertical split.
The second thing is that if you want to make an email read - then you need to double click it.
Every journey starts with a single step. You can try several from the tips above and check if they are working for you. Best will be to give time for the changes.
Let say that you want to test practice number 2. Then prepare for the change ( small analysis of your mail might help in order to find optimal labels for you), apply the changes and verify the results in 1 month.
It's important at the beginning and the end to measure the time spent in Gmail (reading, writing, editing and searching mails) - the final goal is to reduce time spent by 50% and more.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Up to 1.5 million children do not go to school in Kenya. What proportions of these children are expected to be out of school because of the various barriers to enrolment (eg direct or opportunity costs of education, disability, distance to school, etc)?
This report addresses the reasons why children are out of school in Kenya. It includes sections on:
- Proportions of children affected by different barriers to education
- ILO report on access to education in Kenya
- Related information
- Resources on barriers to education
Some proportional statistics on barriers to enrolment were found from differing sources. The ILO report, outlined in section 3, gives proportional data showing reasons for absenteeism, drop-out and non-enrolment for 3 districts in Kenya. Reasons for non-enrolment are:
- 68.7% lack of funds
- 7% few admission slots
- 6.1% father/guardian ignorance
- 5.2% under age
- 4.3% distance to school
- 2.6% mental handicap
- 2.6% decision of the father
Bolton, L. Helpdesk Report: Barriers to Enrolment in Kenya. Human Development Resource Centre, UK (2011) 10 pp.


- Certified Organic Castor Oil and Some of Its Uses
 Castor oil has been used for both medicinal and beauty purpose for centuries. It is believed that the ancient Egyptians used castor oil to protect the eyes and also as a facial oil. At present, castor oil is widely used in beauty products like lip balm, eyeliner, conditioner, and styling gel. It is also used in ointments for the skin.


How Facebook uses its 'donate now' button to reach millennials
How Facebook uses its 'donate now' button to reach millennials
When Facebook launched its "donate now" button last year, it introduced a new way for nonprofits to target millennials.
The button allows users to contribute directly and instantly to nonprofit organizations they would like to support. Participating nonprofits can include the feature in their shared posts and on their Facebook pages.
Users simply enter their payment information and the amount they would like to donate, and they can donate to a cause as soon as they read about it on their newsfeeds. They even have the option to share such posts with their friends.
With this feature, Facebook has joined the trend of for-profit businesses launching advocacy enterprises that could eventually earn them profit. It is also establishing relationships with the nonprofits with which it partners. It has championed a way for nonprofits to spread the word about their causes, allowing donations to go viral.
So why is the "donate now" button meaningful and effective for millennials?
1. Millennials care about causes and want to see brands do the same
More than any previous generation, millennials are passionate about issues and often look for ways to engage in cause campaigns.
They want to make a difference in the world, and they want to see brands supporting the causes in which they believe. For millennials, corporate social responsibility is no longer just an option — it's a requirement.
SEE ALSO: Strategies that Heineken, Budweiser and other beer brands are using to target millennial men
But with every brand jumping on the social justice bandwagon, cause marketing becomes lost in a noisy landscape. With the donate button, Facebook has taken it one step further by not only connecting users directly with nonprofits, but also by giving users control over where their money is directed.
Related links: Industries:


text:
If you're a healthcare-related business, good management is essential for your success. A recent study found that companies with effective management practices are more likely to succeed than those without.
This is because good management can help you make the most of your resources, stay organized, and make intelligent decisions that will benefit your business. Therefore, healthcare business owners who want to succeed in healthcare need good management.
Understanding the Importance of Good Management for Healthcare Businesses
These days, there are plenty of healthcare businesses out there, and all of them are competing for a piece of the healthcare pie. So how can you make sure your healthcare business doesn't get lost in the shuffle? By making good management a top priority.
Good management is essential for any business, but it's significant for healthcare businesses. Why? Because healthcare is a complex and ever-changing industry, you could quickly fall behind if you're not on top of things.
For example, suppose you're starting your dental practice. You'll need to find the right people and equipment for your dental clinic. That will come at a cost, but you'll rest assured your clinic is well-managed will likely be more successful than one that is not. This is because good management can help you make the most of your resources, stay organized, and make intelligent decisions that will benefit your business. Therefore, healthcare business owners who want to succeed in healthcare need good management.
Good management isn't just crucial for healthcare businesses. It's vital for any business. However, good management can mean the difference between success and failure in the healthcare industry. So if you're running a healthcare-related business, make sure you focus on good management, and everything else will fall into place.
Healthcare business owners need to have effective management practices in place to stay ahead of the curve. This means having systems in place that allow you to track performance, identify problems early on, and make changes as needed. It also means being able to communicate effectively with staff members and patients.
With that said, here are four excellent management strategies for healthcare businesses:
1. Establish a healthy workplace culture
Healthcare business owners need to establish a healthy workplace culture by ensuring they have all the necessary tools to facilitate this. Some healthcare businesses may already be doing well in establishing a good workplace culture. Still, healthcare business owners can always do more with their employees and clients to improve it even further.
2. Encourage regular communication between staff members
Good healthcare management practices should encourage regular communication between staff members. That way, everyone is on the same page about what needs to get done throughout the day or week ahead. Communication should also include feedback from patients regarding how things went during their visit to help healthcare providers better understand which areas need improvement moving forward.
3. Reward performance through incentives like bonuses/promotions
It's important to reward employees who are performing well. After all, healthcare professionals don't go into this line of work for the money, but they do like to be recognized and rewarded for doing a great job. The healthcare sector's culture should encourage performance-based promotions/bonuses because it will help keep people motivated while encouraging others to step up their game!
By performing well, healthcare employees will promote success for the companies they are affiliated with. This will result in healthcare employees having a better quality of life since they will have more money coming in from their jobs and higher healthcare standards for both themselves and their families because healthcare professionals can provide better care due to being rewarded with bonuses/promotions.
4. Delegate tasks properly
Of course, it's important to delegate tasks appropriately. You don't want healthcare employees to feel like they are being maltreated or, worse yet, overburdened with too much work! Therefore, you need to be able to delegate healthcare tasks effectively.
To do this, it's best if a healthcare professional oversees healthcare employees and makes sure they are getting their work done on time without feeling overwhelmed by all of their responsibilities. It would also be helpful if someone from management were available at any time during business hours so they could offer assistance whenever needed. This way, no one feels like they have too much weight put on them while ensuring everyone else gets what needs to get done when needed.
Good management is essential for healthcare businesses because it can help to avoid costly mistakes and ensure the company is running smoothly. This includes making sure employees are adequately trained and following all safety procedures and keeping up with healthcare regulations.
In addition, good management can also help improve employee morale, leading to a more productive work environment. When employees feel appreciated and like they are part of a team, they are less likely to take sick days or leave their job. Overall, good management is vital for any healthcare-related business. By investing in it, you can ensure your business is flourishing now and will be more successful in the future.


Xian Mao
Review Xian Mao Forms and Sizes Below
Common Name: Golden Eye Grass, Curculigo Rhizome
Botanical Name: Curculigo orchioides
Chinese / Pin Yin Name: Xian Mao
Xian Mao Dosage: Consult your healthcare professional for correct use.
Xian Mao Precautions: Do not use if nursing or pregnant. Owing to its pungent, warm, and toxic properties, this herb should not be used in overdose and for a long time.
Xian Mao Benefits & Information
Xian Mao is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb that is known for its ability for eliminates dampness, strengthens bones and muscles, supports a healthy sexual response, tonifies kidney yang, and dispels pathogenic wind.
Xian Mao Properties:
Hot, Acrid
Xian Mao Channels: Spleen, Kidney, Liver
Herbs that Combine With Xian Mao
Nutmeg Smilax


text:
Mkhomazi State Forest, KwaZulu Natal
Mkhomazi is situated in the southern section of the Ukhahlamba Drakensberg Park. The Mkhomazi section of the Ukhahlamba Drakensberg Park is one of the most isolated and least explored mountainous areas in KwaZulu Natal. The area is not attached to the main escarpment and comprises of a number of elevated ridges protruding towards the Natal Midlands. Mkhomazi is one of the few areas in the Drakensberg where one can hike for days without seeing another soul. The ideal destination for a wild demanding hike.
Mkhomazi is characterized by numerous high altitude wetlands, deep gorges and rolling prairie-like grasslands. It is home to a variety of wildlife and bird species. Black Wildebeest, Mountain Reedbuck, Grey Rhybuck and Eland are the more commonly seen mammals but Caracal, Serval, Porcupine and Otter are also found in the Area. Some of the more common bird species include Bokmakierie, Golden Breasted Bunting and Stone Chat. Lammergeier, Cape Vulture and Black Eagle are also present but sighted less often.


text:
Proverbs in marriage: Counselling role and implications
The Akans of Ghana perceive marriage as an important ritual and an aspect of their socio-cultural life. Because of the importance attached to marriage and due to the fact that it is a preserve for the matured in society, the language used for its contraction is sophisticated and infused with proverbs. In recent times, the role of proverbs as a marriage-counselling tool has been overlooked in contemporary counselling. This paper, from a Pragmatic and Relevance Theory (RT) perspective, looked at the counselling role Akan proverbs play in marriage contraction. This descriptive qualitative study purposively selected proverbs in three episodes in different contexts of marriage contraction to see how they were used as counselling tools. The analysis of the data indicated that proverbs play a major counselling role in marriage. The counselling roles concentrated on themes like patience, co-operation, respect, sex, self-denial, hard work, faithfulness, loyalty, humility, child bearing and caring, and love. The implication is that contemporary professional marriage counsellors and priests should employ proverbs in their counselling sessions because proverbs portray what the Akan cherish as their worldview and an embodiment of their soul. This will ensure a clear understanding of the complexities of marriage.
Creative Commons License
Attribution-NoncommercialNoderivates 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0): The license allows others to "download your works and share them with others as long as they credit you, but they can't change them in any way or use them commercially" (Source: https:_URL_.
The copyright of all papers published in Legon Journal of the Humanities is vested in the journal. By agreeing to publish the accepted version of the paper in LJH, contributors automatically cede copyright of the manuscript to the journal. This notwithstanding, contributors may use parts of their published articles for non-commercial purposes, e.g., course material, conferences, and academic profile webpage.
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While LJH published papers (new and archived) can be freely downloaded from its website in compliance with its gratis open access policy, hard copies of current and recent issues as well as offprints of specific papers can only be provided on demand.
Citation of a paper from LJH should include name of quoted author, journal title, volume, number, title of paper, page, year of publication, and Digital Object Identifier (DOI)/Uniform Resource Locator(URL).


Array destructuring – revisited
Jakub Rożek
Jakub Rożek
Senior Software Engineer (11Sigma crew at Stoplight)
This article was originally published on
Destructuring assignment is undoubtedly one of the most beloved features, added as a part of ES2015 specification. Not only it lets you type less, but it also makes your code look by far cleaner.
Its use is simply ubiquitous in every single ES2015+ project these days. We can distinguish two kinds of destructuring assignment patterns:
The former, I believe, is more popular. However, with the introduction of React Hooks, the latter will become more ubiquitous either. Due to the smaller popularity of array destructuring, some articles about React Hooks describe briefly how array destructuring works.
This article won't be any different, but instead of focusing on the general usage, I will try to shed some light on a lesser-known side of array pattern destructuring.
One of the common misconceptions about array destructuring I noticed is the statement that array destructuring works only for arrays. While it's certainly the most popular use case, it's not true at all. In fact, 'Array' phrase describes the left-hand side expression of the entire assignment expression – an array literal, and not the actual value, which doesn't even have to be an array but an iterable, as we will learn shortly.
The same applies to object pattern destructuring. They both are meant to describe the left-hand side expression of the assignment expression.
In fact, to assign array values, we can even use object pattern destructuring as follows:
const { 0: firstItem, 1: secondItem } = ['foo', 'bar'];
If we print out firstItem or secondItem, we can clearly observe, the first and the second item were assigned according to (or not?) our expectations. As you can see, object pattern destructuring works quite well with arrays as well.
One may ask what makes an array pattern destructuring different. Let's dive in and search for an answer in the specification.
We can clearly notice that unlike ObjectAssignmentPattern (so-called object destructuring), all ArrayAssignmentPattern (so-called array destructuring) accesses iterator (as described in getIterator) as a first step of the evaluation process and then performs iterates over a retrieved iterator.
Before we move one, we need to learn what an iterator and an iterable are and how they affect array destructuring.
To keep it simple:
 - iterable — an object implementing @@iterator method which returns an Iterator object.
 - iterator — an object implementing next method, which returns done property and optionally a value. May throw.
A more precise description can be read in the linked documentation. If you want to read about it in greater detail, MDN has you covered.
It's worth mentioning that a generator object is both an iterable and an iterator. As of ECMAScript 2018, we can also distinguish an async iterable, an async iterator, and an async generator object.
Alright, let's start actual coding. Here, we've got an object literal that implements the @@iterator method.
const fooBarObj = {
 *[Symbol.iterator]() {
 yield 'foo';
 yield 'bar';
Let's try to combine that with destructuring and see what we get.
const [foo, bar] = fooBarObj;
// foo equals 'foo'
// bar equals 'bar'
Pretty neat, huh?
One may observe that the foo and bar depend on the actual result of the iteration. This tells us something more, as we will find out shortly, yet before we start digging further, we have to answer quite an important question. Why does array pattern destructuring work for arrays, then? Is an array an iterable? Yes, it is. In order to verify the correctness of our words, we can yet again visit the spec or in case you don't want to do that for some reason, you can also check it out manually as follows:
As you can see, Array.prototype.values is returned, which, I think, makes it self-explanatory why array pattern assignment works for arrays in the way we use it on our daily basis. If we re-assigned that iterator, we would get way different results, i.e.
Array.prototype[Symbol.iterator] = Array.prototype.keys;
const [firstIndex, secondIndex] = ['a', 'b'];
// firstIndex equals 0, secondIndex equals 1
Are there any other native objects that are iterables? Well, a handful, in fact. String is one of the examples, but also keyed collections (Map, Set) and most likely some other objects I don't recall. There is also a vast amount of different methods for accepting iterables.
The interesting bit here is that we can also implement an iterable method. As always, an example says more than thousands of words.
const balticCountries = ['Estonia', 'Latvia', 'Lithuania'];
const scandinavianCountries = ['Norway', 'Sweden', 'Denmark'];
Boolean.prototype[Symbol.iterator] = function* () {
 yield* balticCountries;
 yield 'Finland';
 yield* scandinavianCountries;
const [,,, theyDrinkVodka] = false;
Guess what's printed out 😉
So summing up – array pattern destructuring works for iterables, and each item points to the respective result of iteration.
As a side fact, there are more cases that may invoke iterator protocol. These include yield*, for of loop or spread operators (in some cases, i.e. for argument list or in an array literal initializer).
Please bear in mind that the following examples are meant to show the language capabilities – you shouldn't be writing such code unless you want to annoy your colleagues and/or have an unmaintainable code.
Let's take the previous example and do the following:
for (const country of true) {
as you could expect, Baltic and Scandinavian countries were logged as well as Finland.
Let's try out the spread operator within an array initializer.
Same result. What about yield*?
function* listCountries() {
 yield* false;
const countriesIt = listCountries();
while (true) {
 const { value, done } =;
 if (done === true) break;
Alright, same story.
Moreover, there is also a couple of built-in functions that accept iterables, i.e. Promise.all, Promise.race, keyed collections constructors or Array.from.
Wrapping all our gathered knowledge together, let's code a more realistic example. Imagine we deal with a data structure different than the array, i.e. linked list or tree.
Our class or object instance could simply be an iterable, as shown in the example below.
class SinglyLinkedList {
 constructor(head) {
 this.head = head;
 add() {}
 remove() {}
 *[Symbol.iterator]() {
 let node = this.head;
 while (node!== null) {
 node =;
let tail = {
 data: { code: 'de', name: 'Germany' },
 next: null,
let node = {
 data: { code: 'pl', name: 'Poland' },
 next: tail,
let head = {
 data: { code: 'at', name: 'Austria' },
 next: node,
const linkedList = new SinglyLinkedList(head);
for (const data of linkedList) {
Array.from(linkedList); // converts our list to Array
Note on transpilers
In general, transpilers such as Babel tend to have 2 modes — loose (more sloppy, less spec-compliant) and a more strict one that follows the spec. In order to see how the outputs differ, we can go to the official REPL. Let's transpile the following example using React's useState hook.
const [a, b] = useState();
Non-loose mode
'use strict';
var _slicedToArray = (function () {
 function sliceIterator(arr, i) {
 var _arr = [];
 var _n = true;
 var _d = false;
 var _e = undefined;
 try {
 } catch (err) {
 _d = true;
 _e = err;
 } finally {
 try {
 if (!_n && _i['return']) _i['return']();
 } finally {
 if (_d) throw _e;
 return _arr;
 return function (arr, i) {
 if (Array.isArray(arr)) {
 return arr;
 } else if (Symbol.iterator in Object(arr)) {
 return sliceIterator(arr, i);
 } else {
 throw new TypeError('Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance');
var _useState = useState(),
 _useState2 = _slicedToArray(_useState, 2),
 a = _useState2[0],
 b = _useState2[1];
Loose mode
'use strict';
var _useState = useState(),
 a = _useState[0],
 b = _useState[1];
As we can see, the first transpiled piece of code does follow the spec more closely and performs the iteration. The latter clearly does not. Is it a safe assumption to make? Well, it is unless you modify the iterator method on the native object.
Note on JS engines
A few great resources:
I really recommend reading these.
Photo by Florian Klauer on Unsplash.


A site for medical students - Practical,Theory,Osce Notes
What is water-hammer pulse?
Bounding pulse is commonly seen in hyperkinetic circulatory states, here the pulse volume is high due to highpulse pressure with increased blood flow.
What is water-hammer pulse (or high volume collapsing pulse)?
This pulse is characterised by :
 - High pulse volume
 - Sharp rise.
 - Ill-sustained
 - Sharp fall.
High volume pulse gives the water-hammer character when the pulse pressure is at least more than 60 mm of Hg. A collapsing pulse usually occurs when there is rapid run-off of blood from the aorta or the arterial system. Carotid artery is used for detecting collapsing nature of pulse
The striking features of collapsing pulse are:
 - Abrupt upstroke, ill sustained peak and abrupt downstroke and collapsing feel under the palpating hand
 - Thrust produced by the abrupt upstroke of the collapsing pulse will resemble the thrust produced by the tilting of the water hammer toy and the abrupt downstroke of the pulse produces collapsing feel.
How will you demonstrate the water-hammer pulse?
 - First you should palpate the wrist in such a way that your webs fall on the radial artery and rest of the palm lies over the ulnar artery of the patient Now you should e xamine the volume of the pulse for few seconds.
 - Elevate the whole upper limb suddenly above the patients shoulder ( you may give a support in the elbow to prevent its flexion) mean while trv to recognise any changes in the volume of the pulse. In water-hammer pulse, the pulse volume increases from the basal level (i.e. volume at the beginning of the examination) after elevation of patients upper limb.
 - For examination of the pulse in this manner one should stand within the 'angle' formed between the patients body and the said upper extremity. The right sided pulse should be examined by the right hand with the examiner standing on the right side of patient, and vice-versa for the left. You can observe the increase in pulse volume sharp rise and the sharp fall.
Why the name water-hammer pulse is given?
This pulse is so termed after a toy called water-hammer'. This is a peculiar toy with a glass cylinder that is half filled with water and half with vacuum (two ends being closed). If the toy is suddenly placed upside down, the column of water will strike the other end of the cylinder with a blowing sound. This is why this pulse is termed waterhammer pulse where the pulse strikes the fingers like the thud of a hammer.
What is most important the cause of water-hammer pulse?
It is aortic regurgitation
Why this type of pulse is seen in Aortic regurgitation?
Waterhammer pulse is seen in AR due to the following reasons
High systolic pressure occur due to
 - In AR, as the left ventricular stroke volume is high systolic pressure is also high and it is responsible for sharp rise' in the pulse.
The collapsing nature is due to low diastolic pressure which is seen due to
 - Diastolic leak back into the left ventricle from aorta.
 - There is rapid run-off to the periphery as a result of decreased systemic vascular resistance, the barorcceptors in the aortic arch is stimulated by increased cardiac output and result is reflex vasodilatation of the peripheral vessels into which the blood flows rapidly.
Why do you elevate the arm for eliciting the collapsing pulse?
 - Due to the effect of gravity, there is fall of blood column with resulting in vasodilatation and thus, it helps to reduce the diastolic pressure more. Hence the pulse pressure widens,
 - It may be so that while we elevate the limb the artery palpated becomes more in line with that of aorta after elevation of the arm.So it allows direct systolic ejection and diastolic backward flow resulting in collapsing pulse.
What are the other parts to be examined in water hammer pulse?
 - You should count the rate (bradycardia in complete heart block: tachycardia in thyrotoxicosis).
 - See the condition of the vessel wall (for atherosclerosis).
 - See the facies for exophthalmos or examine for tremor to rule out thyrotoxicosis).
 - You should record the surface temperature (pyrexia).
 - Examine for anaemia (severe anaemia).
 - Examine for jaundice to rule out cirrhosis with hepato-cellular failure.
 - Examine the chest for emphysema (chronic cor pulmonale).
 - Always auscultate the aortic and neoaortic area for an earlv diastolic murmur of AR.
 - Search for peripheral signs of AR such as, for capillary pulsation, digital pulsation, carotid dance, pistol shot sound which are associated features of water-hammer pulse.


text:
1990 Ford Ranger Change the Fuel Filter
The 1990 Ford Ranger has an inline fuel filter that keeps sediments out of the engine. The fuel filter is designed to trap and hold any sediments from the gas before the fuel reaches the fuel injectors and the engine. The fuel filter on the 1990 Ford Ranger is designed to last up to 75,000 miles. You'll need to replace it after that.
|Gas catch pan|
|Fuel line quick-disconnect tool|
|New fuel filter--Fram/FFG3802A|
Change the Fuel Filter
- Park the 1990 Ford Ranger and turn the engine off. Unscrew the gas cap.
- Locate the fuel filter. It's on the driver side of the 1990 Ford Ranger. The fuel filter is inside a round bracket that is mounted inside the driver-side frame rail directly under the driver door. The fuel filter has two fuel lines. There is one fuel line coming out of each end of the fuel filter. This type of fuel filter will require a fuel line quick-disconnect tool that can be bought a most auto parts stores.
- Put the gas catch pan under the fuel filter. There should be only a small amount of excess gas in the gas lines.
- Insert the tool inside the end of the fuel line that is attached to the fuel filter port. Push the tool in until the fuel line unlocks from the fuel filter port on the fuel filter. When the fuel line unlocks from the port, pull the fuel line straight off the port. Follow this method for both fuel lines.
- Remove the fuel filter from the round bracket. Pull the fuel filter out with your hands and put the fuel filter into the catch pan.
- Slide the new fuel filter into the round bracket. Make sure the arrow that is imprinted on the side of the fuel filter is pointing toward the front of the Ranger. The arrow represents the direction of the fuel flow.
- Push both of the fuel lines straight onto the fuel filter ports until the ends of the fuel lines lock onto the fuel filter ports of the fuel filter. To ensure that the fuel lines are locked in place, pull back on the fuel lines.
- Screw the gas cap back onto the gas tank. Prime the fuel filter by turning the key on and off three times.
- Crank the 1990 Ford Ranger and look over the new fuel filter for any gas leaks while the engine is running.
- Turn the engine off and slide the catch pan out from under the 1990 Ford Ranger.
Tips & Warnings
- Removing the gas cap from the gas tank will relieve the gas pressure off the fuel lines and the fuel filter, and will keep the gas from spraying everywhere while you are replacing the fuel filter.
- Do not smoke around gas.
- Wear safety glasses when working around gas.


text:
- a durable, lustrous, reversible fabric as of silk or linen, in figured weave, used for table linen, upholstery, etc.
- Damascus steel
- the wavy markings of such steel
- deep pink or rose
Origin of damaskItalian damasco, after Classical Latin Damascus (the city)
- Obs. of or from Damascus
- made of damask
- like damask
- deep-pink or rose
- to ornament with flowered designs or wavy lines
- to make deep-pink or rose
- A rich patterned fabric of cotton, linen, silk, or wool.
- A fine, twilled table linen.
- Damascus steel.
- The wavy pattern on Damascus steel.
transitive verbdam·asked, dam·ask·ing, dam·asks
- To damascene.
- To decorate or weave with rich patterns.
Origin of damaskMiddle English Damascus, damask from Latin Damascus from Greek Damaskos
(comparative more Damask, superlative most Damask)
- Relating to, or originating at, the city of Damascus.


Cantheist icon and symbols
cantheism symbol logo glow relief
The graphic symbol for Cantheism / Cannatheism, seen on the left, is modeled after the ancient Egyptian hieroglyph for hemp rope and fiber skeins. Its shape was eventually transformed into the modern letter "h."
The emblem is designed to be discreet, simple and easily sketched by hand. The shape replicates that of a coiled skein of hemp fiber, seen on the right. It refers both to the ancient roots and the intertwined nature of human experience and the cannabis plant.
Symbolism and health safety
Egyptian hieroglyphic reference to cannabis hemp.
Illustration: Detail from an Egyptian stella (_PHONE_ BC), Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Firenze (Italy) Room III, case 14, Item 7611
A small skein of
hemp fiber, the model
for this hieroglyph.
The hand symbol for Cantheism is right hand cupped around the left, with two fingers extended in the inner hand, symbolizing the male and the female plants. The overall hand gesture signifying the female calyx which holds the trichome glands.
The Cantheist personal greeting is to hole the left hand over the heart with fingers spread and a small nod or bow of acknowledgement. This gesture, also used in the Cannamaste Circle, has been a safe and respectful acknowledgement of the other person that can be made at a distance to prevent passing germs.
Likewise, the sacramental spliff is smoked through a chillum style, cupped hand and sometimes a hemp smoking cloth, to prevent passing germs mouth to mouth.
Astronomy: The three stars of Orion's belt represent the three aspects of cannabis: Commerce, medicine, and spirit. Sirius, the brightest star in the nearby constellation Canis Major (Big Dog), visible in the Northern sky during winter, is identified with cannabis.
Alchemistry: Cannabis pulp and fiber can be fabricated and transformed into almost anything, including every product made from fossil fuels, timber and cotton. The story of Rumplestiltskin relates to a person who could spin gold from straw. Likewise, great wealth can be derived from the cannabis plant but without magic, simply using the plant in commerce. Use of hemp instead of harmful petrochemical products is essential for the restoration of natural balance to the planet.
The active flowers and leaves can be converted into a wide assortment of inhalables and comestibles, ranging from flowers to hash resin to honey oil to water hash to kief to food items to beverages to tinctures to salves to liniments, etc., etc.
Sharing and passing the breath of life
ancient Egypt pharaoh Ptah dynasty
The immortal Ptah breathes power and strength into a 12th Dynasty pharaoh while standing beneath the Cantheist logo.
During ceremonial smoking circles, each person in the group must say Cannamaste to the people next to them, take and hold the burning spliff, inhale a deep breath and pass it on to continue the circle.
Given that some people prefer to ingest their sacrament as vaporized herb or oils, edibles or tinctures, inhaling the smoke is encouraged but not required. People in the circle should each receive the spliff with the Cannamaste salute, hold (possess) the spliff while inhaling and exhaling, then pass it along to the next congregant in the circle.
The Cantheist Symbol can be seen
in numerous real and imitation
heiroglyphics, like this image
from a Las Vegas casino.
During a Cantheist wedding, it is common for the couple to share the "breath of smoke" during the ceremony.
An ancient allusion to this practice is seen in the detail above, taken from a relief on the Pillar of Sesotris I, 12th Dynasty (c. 1971-28 BC).
The immortal Ptah breathes on the Egyptian pharaoh, investing him with renewed power and strength. Note the Cantheist icon situated above the Ankh in the upper left corner.
A modern depiction is seen in this decoration, left, from a relief in a Las Vegas casino.
Glyph transformed by language, cultures
Below is a representation showing how the Egyptian symbol for hemp became a more angular shape in the Semitic alphabet as a cipher for tent wall, or canvas. Meanwhile, the Semitic word for hemp, kaneh bosm, became the Greek word kannabis and was adapted into Latin as cannabis, from which derives the english word canvas.
Author, cannabis expert witness, journalist, artist
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Ethiopia - a Tourist Paradise
Ethiopia - a Tourist Paradise
Ethiopian culture is many-sided, reflecting the ethnic diversity of the country; with over 80 different ethnic groups priding themselves in their own individual language, culture and tradition
The Hammar are a tribal people in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region of Ethiopia. They live in Hamer Bena woreda (or district), a fertile part of the Omo River valley. They are largely pastoralists, so their culture places a high value on cattle. Cow jumping, this rite of passage for men coming of age must be done before a man is permitted to marry.
The man-to-be must "jump the cattle" four times to be successful and only castrated male cattle and cows may be used to jump over. This test is performed while naked (except for a few cords bound across the chest) as a symbol of the childhood he is about to leave behind him. On completion of this test, the young man joins the ranks of the maza - other men who have recently passed the same test and who spend the next few months of their lives supervising these events in villages throughout the Hamar territory. Unlike the Minoan bull-leaping, the cattle are held still by the maza, so the physical risk is limited.
Women commonly end up as the heads of families because they marry men who are much older than themselves while they are young. When her husband dies, she is left in control of the family's affairs and livestock. She is also in control of his younger brother's and their livestock if their parents are dead. Widows may not re-marry. One Hamar woman who had long since left the village and begun life in a larger town spoke out against the (whipping) practice as unfit for an educated person.
The ceremonies end with several days of feasting, including the typical jumping dances, accompanied by as much sorghum beer as the cow-jumper's family can provide to the visitors.
Mursi is the name of a closely related sedentary pastoral Nubian people whose language is over 80% cognate with Suri. They are located next to the Suri in the center of the Omo Region and the lowlands southwest of Jinka in Ethiopia. The Mursi do not regard themselves as Surma, despite the cultural and linguistic similarities. They have a macho culture, with an obsession for stick fighting called donga bringing great prestige to men - it is especially important when seeking a bride - and they are very competitive, at the risk of serious injury and occasional death. The males are often shaved bald, and frequently wear little or no clothes, even during stick fights.
Mursi Woman,
At a young age, to beautify themselves for marriage, most women have their bottom teeth removed and their bottom lips pierced, then stretched, so as to allow insertion of a clay lip plate. Some women have stretched their lips so as to allow plates up to five inches in diameter. With exposure to other cultures, however, a growing number of girls now refrain from this practice. The tribe's children are sometimes painted with white clay paint, which may be dotted on the face or body. Village life is largely communal, sharing the produce of the cattle (milk and blood, as do the Maasai ). Though their chief (styled komaro ) wears the fur crown of a pagan priest-king, he is merely the most respected elder and can be removed. Few are familiar with Amharic, the official language of Ethiopia, and their literacy level is very low.
The Amhara women wear dresses that are tight-bodied and full skirted. The dresses are bright white with colored embroidery and woven borders. Although originally most of the border designs were based on the varied design of the Ethiopian cross, These days you can see an array of fine-looking designs.
The Muslims of Harar wear colorful dress. The men often dress in red, purple or black. The women of Harar part their hair in the middle and make large buns behind their ears. Harari women have been known for their basketwork for centuries and still weave intricate creations from coloured fibers and grasses. Harar is also famous for the work of its silversmiths.
The Afar, most of whom occupy one of the most unfriendly desert or semi-desert areas in the world, have long been regarded as a fierce and warlike people. They are certainly proud and individualistic, and somehow manage to eke a living out of the challenging wilderness in which many of them live. The majority of the Afar are semi-nomadic pastoralists, but a minority have settled, notably those in the Aussa oasis. Almost all are Muslims, and are organized into confederacies of tribes, and clans. The nomads live in small, isolated groups with the camel as their beast of burden, and keep sheep, goats, and cattle.
The Anuak people are found in the Gambella region. The indigenous Anuak people are mainly fishermen in this region, and the crops they do grow, such as sorghum, does not reach its full potential because of the extremely basic methods employed. There are few large villages, as people prefer instead to group
The Oromo people comprise the largest ethnic group of approximately thirty million, they offer their products for sale in open markets. They produce the more familiar grains and vegetables of established agriculture. Coffee, one of the world's favorite beverages, is believed to have been 'born' in this region
The lowland Somali wear long, often brightly coloured cotton wraps, while some of the cattle-herders in the lake district have clothing made of skins.
The cornerstone of Konso culture, is highly specialized and successful agricultural economy that, through terracing buttressed with stone, enable them to extract a productive living from the none-too-fertile hills and valleys that surround them.
The women of Tigray wear dozens of plaits (shuruba) tightly braided to the head and fuzzing out at the shoulders. Young children often hav e their heads shaved, except for a tuft or a small tail of plaits, which are left so that if God calls them 'He will have a handle by which to lift them up to Heaven'.
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. Therefore, we propose to generate code for both the CPU and the coprocessor, and defer the offloading decision to the application runtime. We demonstrate how a toolflow, based on the LLVM compiler framework, can automatically embed dynamic offloading decisions into the application code. We perform in-depth static and dynamic analysis of popular benchmarks, which confirm the general potential of such an approach. We also propose to optimize the offloading process by decoupling the runtime decision from the loop execution (decision slack). The feasibility of our approach is demonstrated by a toolflow that automatically identifies suitable data-parallel loops and generates code for the FPGA coprocessor of a Convey HC-1. We evaluate the integrated toolflow with representative loops executed for different input data sizes.}, author = {Vaz, Gavin Francis and Riebler, Heinrich and Kenter, Tobias and Plessl, Christian}, issn = {0045-7906}, journal = {Computers and Electrical Engineering}, pages = {91--111}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Potential and Methods for Embedding Dynamic Offloading Decisions into Application Code}}, doi = {10.1016/j.compeleceng.2016.04.021}, volume = {55}, year = {2016}, } _USER_{1774, abstract = {In this article an efficient numerical method to solve multiobjective optimization problems for fluid flow governed by the Navier Stokes equations is presented. In order to decrease the computational effort, a reduced order model is introduced using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition and a corresponding Galerkin Projection. A global, derivative free multiobjective optimization algorithm is applied to compute the Pareto set (i.e. the set of optimal compromises) for the concurrent objectives minimization of flow field fluctuations and control cost. The method is illustrated for a 2D flow around a cylinder at Re = 100.}, author = {Peitz, Sebastian and Dellnitz, Michael}, issn = {_PHONE_}, journal = {PAMM}, number = {1}, pages = {613--614}, publisher = {WILEY-VCH Verlag}, title = {{Multiobjective Optimization of the Flow Around a Cylinder Using Model Order Reduction}}, doi = {10.1002/pamm.201510296}, volume = {15}, year = {2015}, } _USER_{1768, author = {Plessl, Christian and Platzner, Marco and Schreier, Peter J.}, journal = {Informatik Spektrum}, keyword = {approximate computing, survey}, number = {5}, pages = {396--399}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {{Aktuelles Schlagwort: Approximate Computing}}, doi = {10.1007/s00287-_PHONE_-z}, year = {2015}, } _USER_{1775, abstract = {The ATLAS experiment at CERN is planning full deployment of a new unified optical link technology for connecting detector front end electronics on the timescale of the LHC Run 4 (2025). It is estimated that roughly 8000 GBT (GigaBit Transceiver) links, with transfer rates up to 10.24 Gbps, will replace existing links used for readout, detector control and distribution of timing and trigger information. A new class of devices will be needed to interface many GBT links to the rest of the trigger, data-acquisition and detector control systems. In this paper FELIX (Front End LInk eXchange) is presented, a PC-based device to route data from and to multiple GBT links via a high-performance general purpose network capable of a total throughput up to O(20 Tbps). FELIX implies architectural changes to the ATLAS data acquisition system, such as the use of industry standard COTS components early in the DAQ chain. Additionally the design and implementation of a FELIX demonstration platform is presented and hardware and software aspects will be discussed.}, author = {Anderson, J and Borga, A and Boterenbrood, H and Chen, H and Chen, K and Drake, G and Francis, D and Gorini, B and Lanni, F and Lehmann Miotto, G and Levinson, L and Narevicius, J and Plessl, Christian and Roich, A and Ryu, S and Schreuder, F and Schumacher, Jörn and Vandelli, Wainer and Vermeulen, J and Zhang, J}, journal = {Journal of Physics: Conference Series}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, title = {{FELIX: a High-Throughput Network Approach for Interfacing to Front End Electronics for ATLAS Upgrades}}, doi = {10.1088/_PHONE_/664/8/082050}, volume = {664}, year = {2015}, } _USER_{1769, abstract = {Große zylindrische Stahlprüflinge werden mittels der Methode der finiten Differenzen im Zeitbereich (engl. finite differences in time domain, FDTD) simulativ untersucht. Dabei werden Pitch-Catch-Messanordnungen verwendet. Es werden zwei Bildgebungsansätze vorgestellt: ersterer basiert auf dem Imaging Principle nach Claerbout, letzterer basiert auf gradientenbasierter Optimierung eines Zielfunktionals.}, author = {Hegler, Sebastian and Statz, Christoph and Mütze, Marco and Mooshofer, Hubert and Goldammer, Matthias and Fendt, Karl and Schwarzer, Stefan and Feldhoff, Kim and Flehmig, Martin and Markwardt, Ulf and E. Nagel, Wolfgang and Schütte, Maria and Walther, Andrea and Meinel, Michael and Basermann, Achim and Plettemeier, Dirk}, journal = {tm - Technisches Messen}, number = {9}, pages = {440--450}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter}, title = {{Simulative Ultraschall-Untersuchung von Pitch-Catch-Messanordnungen für große zylindrische Stahl-Prüflinge und gradientenbasierte Bildgebung}}, doi = {doi:10.1515/teme-2015-0031}, volume = {82}, year = {2015}, } _USER_{296, abstract = {FPGAs are known to permit huge gains in performance and efficiency for suitable applications but still require reduced design efforts and shorter development cycles for wider adoption. In this work, we compare the resulting performance of two design concepts that in different ways promise such increased productivity. As common starting point, we employ a kernel-centric design approach, where computational hotspots in an application are identified and individually accelerated on FPGA. By means of a complex stereo matching application, we evaluate two fundamentally different design philosophies and approaches for implementing the required kernels on FPGAs. In the first implementation approach, we designed individually specialized data flow kernels in a spatial programming language for a Maxeler FPGA platform; in the alternative design approach, we target a vector coprocessor with large vector lengths, which is implemented as a form of programmable overlay on the application FPGAs of a Convey HC-1. We assess both approaches in terms of overall system performance, raw kernel performance, and performance relative to invested resources. After compensating for the effects of the underlying hardware platforms, the specialized dataflow kernels on the Maxeler platform are around 3x faster than kernels executing on the Convey vector coprocessor. In our concrete scenario, due to trade-offs between reconfiguration overheads and exposed parallelism, the advantage of specialized dataflow kernels is reduced to around 2.5x.}, author = {Kenter, Tobias and Schmitz, Henning and Plessl, Christian}, journal = {International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing (IJRC)}, publisher = {Hindawi}, title = {{Exploring Tradeoffs between Specialized Kernels and a Reusable Overlay in a Stereo-Matching Case Study}}, doi = {10.1155/2015/859425}, volume = {2015}, year = {2015}, } _USER_{1772, author = {Torresen, Jim and Plessl, Christian and Yao, Xin}, journal = {IEEE Computer}, keyword = {self-awareness, self-expression}, number = {7}, pages = {18--20}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, title = {{Self-Aware and Self-Expressive Systems – Guest Editor's Introduction}}, doi = {10.1109/MC.2015.205}, volume = {48}, year = {2015}, } _USER_{1779, author = {Giefers, Heiner and Plessl, Christian and Förstner, Jens}, issn = {0163-5964}, journal = {ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News}, keyword = {funding-maxup, tet_topic_hpc}, number = {5}, pages = {65--70}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {{Accelerating Finite Difference Time Domain Simulations with Reconfigurable Dataflow Computers}}, doi = {10.1145/_PHONE_._PHONE_}, volume = {41}, year = {2014}, } _USER_{365, abstract = {Self-aware computing is a paradigm for structuring and simplifying the design and operation of computing systems that face unprecedented levels of system dynamics and thus require novel forms of adaptivity. The generality


UK: Impacts of a Deposit Refund System for One-way Beverage Packaging on Local Authority Waste Services
A UK study designed to answer the question: 'What would be the impacts of the introduction of a deposit refund system for oneway beverage packaging on local authority waste services in England?' shows councils would benefit from the introduction of a deposit return scheme (DRS). It finds that, while it is true that some valuable materials may be removed from existing recycling services, far from leading to additional costs, a DRS would be likely to yield net savings, overall, once other factors such as the likely impact on residual waste arisings are taken into account. Overall, it is estimated UK councils would save around £35m per year. Similar savings could be expected from a NZ scheme if introduced.
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EVM Measurements for a 802.15.4 (ZigBee®) System
This example shows how to use the COMM.EVMCOMM.EVM System object to measure the error vector magnitude (EVM) of a simulated IEEE® 802.15.4 [ 1 ] transmitter. IEEE 802.15.4 is the basis for the ZigBee specifications.
Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)
The error vector magnitude (EVM) is a measure of the difference between a reference waveform, which is the error-free modulated signal, and the actual transmitted waveform. EVM is used to quantify the modulation accuracy of a transmitter. [ 1 ] requires that a 802.15.4 transmitter shall not have an RMS EVM value worse than 35%.
System Parameters
An 802.15.4 system for 868 MHz band employs direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) with binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) used for chip modulation and differential encoding used for data symbol encoding.
dataRate = 20e3; % Bit rate in Hz
M = 2; % Modulation order (BPSK)
chipValues = [1;1;1;1;0;1;0;1;1;0;0;1;0;0;0];
 % Chip values for bit 0.
 % Chip values for 1 is the opposite.
Section 6.7.3 of [ 1 ] specifies that the measurements are performed over 1000 samples of I and Q baseband outputs. To account for filter delays, we include 1 more bit in the simulation of the transmitted symbols. We chose to oversample the transmitted signal by four. We assume an SNR of 60 dB to account for transmitter and test hardware imperfections.
numSymbols = 1000; % Number of symbols required for one EVM value
numFrames = 100; % Number of frames
nSamps = 4; % Number of samples that represents a symbol
filtSpan = 8; % Filter span in symbols
gain = length(chipValues); % Spreading gain (number of chips per symbol)
chipRate = gain*dataRate; % Chip rate
sampleRate = nSamps*chipRate; % Final sampling rate
numBits = ceil((numSymbols)/gain)+1;
 % Number of bits required for one EVM value
SNR = 60; % Simulated signal-to-noise ratio in dB
We can obtain BPSK modulated symbols with a simple mapping of 0 to +1 and 1 to -1. If we also map the chip values, then we can modulate before bit-to-chip conversion and use matrix math to write efficient MATLAB® code. ZigBee specifications also define the pulse shaping filter as having a raised cosine pulse shape with rolloff factor of 1.
% Map chip values
chipValues = 1 - 2*chipValues;
% Design a raised cosine filter with rolloff factor 1
hTxFilter = comm.RaisedCosineTransmitFilter('RolloffFactor', 1,...
 'OutputSamplesPerSymbol', nSamps,...
 'FilterSpanInSymbols', filtSpan);
hRxFilter = comm.RaisedCosineReceiveFilter('RolloffFactor', 1,...
 'InputSamplesPerSymbol', nSamps,...
 'FilterSpanInSymbols', filtSpan,...
 'DecimationFactor', nSamps);
EVM Measurements
The Communications System Toolbox™ provides COMM.EVM to calculate RMS EVM, Maximum EVM, and Xth percentile EVM values. Section 6.7.3 of [ 1 ] defines the EVM calculation method, where the average error of measured I and Q samples are normalized by the power of a symbol. For a BPSK system, the power of both constellation symbols is the same. Therefore, we can use the 'Peak constellation power' normalization option. Other available normalization options, which can be used with other communications system standards, are average constellation power and average reference signal power.
hEVM = comm.EVM('Normalization', 'Peak constellation power')
hEVM =
 System: comm.EVM
 Normalization: 'Peak constellation power'
 PeakConstellationPower: 1
 MaximumEVMOutputPort: false
 XPercentileEVMOutputPort: false
We first generate random data bits, differentially encode these bits using a DifferentialEncoderDifferentialEncoder System object, and modulate using BPSK. We spread the modulated symbols by employing a matrix multiplication with the mapped chip values. The spread symbols are then passed through a pulse shaping filter. The EVM object assumes that received symbols, rd, and reference symbols, c, are synchronized, and sampled at the same rate. We downsample the received signal, r, and synchronize with the reference signal, c.
[ 1 ] requires that 1000 symbols be used in one RMS EVM calculation. To ensure we have enough averaging, we simulate 100 frames of 1000 symbols and use the maximum of these 100 RMS EVM measurements as the measurement result. We see that the simulated transmitter meets the criteria mentioned in Error Vector Magnitude section above.
% Tx and Rx filter delays are identical and equal to half the filter span.
% Total delay is equal to the sum of two filter delays, which is the filter
% span of one filter.
refSigDelay = hTxFilter.FilterSpanInSymbols;
% Simulated number of symbols in a frame
simNumSymbols = numBits*gain;
% Initialize peak RMS EVM
peakRMSEVM = -inf;
% Create a comm.DifferentialEncoder object to differentially encode data
hdiffenc = comm.DifferentialEncoder;
% Create an comm.AWGNChannel System object and set its NoiseMethod property
% to 'Signal to noise ratio (SNR)'
 'SNR', SNR);
% Loop over bursts
for p=1:numFrames
 % Generate random data
 b = randi([0 M-1], numBits, 1);
 % Differentially encode
 d = step(hdiffenc, b);
 % Modulate
 x = 1-2*d;
 % Convert symbols to chips (spread)
 c = reshape(chipValues*x', simNumSymbols, 1);
 % Pulse shape
 cUp = step(hTxFilter, c);
 % Calculate and set the 'SignalPower' property of the channel object
 hChan.SignalPower = sum(cUp.^2)/length(cUp);
 % Add noise
 r = step(hChan, cUp);
 % Downsample received signal. Account for the filter delay.
 rd = step(hRxFilter, r);
 % Measure using the EVM System object
 rmsEVM = step(hEVM,...
 complex(rd(refSigDelay+(1:numSymbols))),...
 % Update peak RMS EVM calculation
 if (peakRMSEVM < rmsEVM)
 peakRMSEVM = rmsEVM;
% Display results
fprintf(' Worst case RMS EVM (%%): %1.2f\n', peakRMSEVM)
 Worst case RMS EVM (%): 0.19
We showed how to utilize COMM.EVM to test if a ZigBee transmitter complies with the standard specified EVM values. We used a crude model that only introduces additive white Gaussian noise and showed that the measured EVM is less than the standard specified 35%.
Selected Bibliography
 1. IEEE Standard 802.15.4, Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks, 2003.
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4 out of 5 gen Zers believe that more needs to be done in the US while 2 out of 3 believe that more needs to be done in the UK
While previous generations have been quick to point the finger at the US, as we've seen Newsnight's Emily Maitlis do last week in an interview with George the Poet, gen Z is also calling out the UK and other countries as being responsible for systemic racism, too. Ignoring the UK's denial of its own racism is as disingenuous as ignoring the US' police brutality and racism, and doing so only further perpetuates white privilege in the UK.
These statistics portray gen Zers as strong protesters who are aware of systemic issues as well as willing to take action. But admitting and fighting these don't come without its toll on new gen's mental and physical wellbeing.
In the UK, 3 out of 4 gen Zers are concerned about health issues at the protests
In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, the fight against racism and injustice couldn't wait. While staying home as much as possible is still strongly recommended by governments, protesters have had to make do with their best tool in order to make their voices heard: protesting.
Just yesterday, police officers in London urged Priti Patel to impose an emergency ban on all protests during the coronavirus pandemic, warning officers were being put at risk by a wave of mass demonstrations. Although wearing masks, gloves, and keeping a two meters distance from other protesters are the best ways to avoid risk of getting COVID-19, many protesters are still concerned about their health. The situation, however, has not discouraged the Black Lives Matter movement from fighting back.
1 out of 3 gen Zers said their mental health has been impacted by the surge of online images and videos of the protests
Protesting has never been easy. But now, more than ever, with the constant flow of graphic and harmful content our brains receive through social media platforms, we find ourselves on edge frequently. This has had an impact on gen Z's mental health. As an activist, looking after your mental health is a necessary step in the fight against systemic racism.
1 in 2 British gen Zers feel overwhelmed by the information coming from the _TAG_ on how to take action
This statistic highlights how much more effort we need to make as a generation. Protests must carry on, yes, but we also need to provide more information to anyone that might feel the need to research how to take action. Only by doing so will we start tackling systemic racism.
These protests are made of passionate, non-violent young leaders fighting for a brighter future. Those who previously criticised the new generation for being too connected, too woke or even too sensitive will be compelled to reconsider their stance soon enough.
By Alma Fabiani
Jun 17, 2020
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text: Since 1979 Gerrit J. Verburg Co. has imported licorice from all across Europe, including the U.K., Holland, and Finland. After establishing their forte in black licorice, they began importing novelty candies such as chocolate cigarettes and chocolate casino chips. They're also known for Winegums candies, which are multi-flavored and have different liquors written on the gummy surface. If you've ever tried salted licorice, chances are it came from Gerrit J. Verburg. Their Double Salt Licorice is known for its uniqueness among black licorices.


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The extraction of geometric models has long been of interest to the robotics community. Many interesting applications such as homography,plane estimation and ego-motion estimation demand the ability to fit geometric models onto noisy data. Additionally, these geometric models are often drivers of other algorithms for algorithms navigation, perception and 3D reconstructions creating an increased desire for algorithms that are not only robust to contamination but exhibit quick and repeatable run-times.
In this blog post, we'll take a look at a fast parallel technique for multi-model geometric extraction that has been developed within the Institute together with a proposed application in the improvement of stereo depth maps.
Convex Relaxation Algorithm (CORAL)
Many traditional approaches to geometric multi-model fitting tend to greedily maximise the inliers to the proposed model, whether through clustering or sampling based approaches. These, while often producing good results show a strong deterioration in performance in highly cluttered environments, which unfortunately characterise the workspace of most robotics systems.
In contrast global energy optimisation approaches offer a principled way of jointly fitting all models present in multi-structural data. This is by not only accounting for the model error as in the traditional techniques, but encouraging spatial smoothness and compactness in the number of models through regularisation term. This transforms the geometric multi-model fitting problem into a multi-labelling problem where the optimal solution can be obtained through an energy minimisation.
In we offer a Convex Relaxation Algorithm (CORAL) that performs the energy minimisation through a first-order primal-dual optimisation. As this supports per-element evaluation it facilitates a parallel implementation on General Purpose Graphical Processing Unit (GPGPU) hardware. Enabling fast and accurate real-time evaluation on a multitude of problems as shown below.
(a) Motion Segmentation (b) Cubic Road Boundary Detection
(c) Line Road Marking Detection (d) Multi-Homography Detection
Dense depth-maps created from monocular/stereo cameras offer a low-cost solution that can naturally deal with both the scale and lighting conditions of outdoor environments. While current state-of-the-art methods for creating dense depth-maps with cameras are based on powerful variational optimisation algorithms, these struggle in dealing with large, plain and planar structures. With urban scenes characterised by a multitude of man-made objects such as roads and buildings which by construction contain planar surfaces this results in noisy and sometimes erroneous depth-maps.
In we present a vision-only pipeline that uses CORAL to quickly and accurately extracts planar priors through homographies. Then follows this with a subsequent optimisation, using CORAL, to obtain a per-pixel labelling that allocates pixels to the extracted planar priors resulting in more accurate depth-map estimation as shown.
(a) Homography Detection (b) Fast Per pixel Labelling
Depth Map from Total Generalised Variation Depth Map after Prior Improvement
It can be seen that the introduction of the planar prior creates a more visually-accurate depth-map. Coupled with the speed of CORAL execution a real-time solution for improving depth-maps can be thus obtained.


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The Rubjerg Knude Lighthouse is located along northern Denmark's North Sea Coast. Once used to support security in the region, it was first lit in December of 1900. The structure was deliberately built on the slope's uppermost point, precisely 60 meters above the sea level and approximately 200 meters inland. While the erosion could not have been predicted then, these pictures reveal that due to environmental occurrences, it has become dilapidated.
The Denmark landmark is now buried beneath heaps of sand. The passing of decades came with the movement of the sea, bringing the waters closer and closer to the Rubjerg Knude Lighthouse. This movement of the sea was naturally accompanied by heaps of sand, which began to pile up around the base. While efforts were made to remove the sand, it was eventually abandoned. These images reveal what has come of this abandonment, demonstrating the transience of human construction.
Buried Watchtower Photography
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All Forms are Created From Five Basic Forms
There are only five basic forms from which all other forms are created. They are the sphere, the cone, the cylinder, the cube, and the doughnut shaped torus. Parts of these forms combine to create everything we see. Imagine a half cylinder on top of a cube and you have the shape of a mailbox, a half sphere and a cone make a teardrop form, a fir tree is a cone an oak is a half sphere. The cylindrical coffee mug has a half torus handle.
Values Create Form
Each of these forms has distinctive light and dark value shapes that define them. Spheres are recognized by crescents and ovals. Cones have triangular light and dark value shapes. Cubes and flat surfaces are even blends. Cylinders are stripes. The torus is crescents and stripes. Concave versions of these forms have the same value shapes but without reflected light. (See Shadows/Reflected light.) When you can paint these five forms you can paint all other forms.
A SPHERE is defined by CRESCENTS AND OVALS. Sphere forms are painted with crescent and curved brush strokes. (See Brushes)
CONES are defined by TRIANGULAR values of light and dark. Cones are painted and blended using triangular brush strokes.
CYLINDERS are defined by light and dark value STRIPES. Cylinders are painted with parallel brush strokes.
CUBES and all FLAT surfaces are governed by the same rules. GRADUAL EVEN BLENDS depict a receding flat surface. If there is a flat surface parallel to your canvas, it may be painted with a single color or value. CUBES are various receding flat surfaces. Each surface is a gradual blend. Cubes are painted with parallel brush strokes.
TORUS value shapes combine aspects of two other basic forms. They take the parallel STRIPES of a cylinder for the middle and the CRESCENTS of a sphere for the ends. The torus is painted using crescent and curved brush strokes.
Here you can see that value shapes are stronger than contour lines for the creation of form.
Lighting can be misleading in seeing forms, particularly flat surfaces. Try to see the form first. Then see the lighting on it.
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Make sure you are logged in as superuser.
% su -
Change the directory to (or bring up and go to) the top level of the CD-ROM volume.
This should look similar to the following location:
This directory contains one directory, a README file, the installer utility, and the ab2cd script. Use the ab2cd script to run the documentation server directly from the CD.
Type the following command:
Access the documentation server using the URL:
Where server is the name of the machine to which the CD-ROM drive is attached.
Note that a documentation server run from the CD always runs on port 8888.
(Optional) If document collections are installed already on your server machine and you want the CD-driven server software to recognize those collections, use the following command:.
# ab2cd -s
This form of the command causes the CD-driven server software to look for other collections installed on this system and add them to its database.
To stop running the server from the CD, type:
# /cdrom/sol_2_7_doc/ab2cd stop
Running the documentation server directly from the CD tends to be slow. Do not use this approach if you expect other users to access this documentation server.
Keep these things in mind when you run the server from the CD:
The AnswerBook2 server always runs on port 8888 when run from the CD. If you already have an AnswerBook2 server running on your system using the default port (8888), the ab2cd script will display the following message:
A document server is already running on this system as server:8888.
Please shut down the current server before running the ab2cd command.
Use the following command to shut down the existing server:
# /usr/lib/ab2/bin/ab2admin -o stop
Always use ab2cd stop to stop the server running from the CD. Do not use /etc/init.d/ab2mgr stop to stop the CD-based server.
The ab2cd stop command stops the AnswerBook2 server process and cleans up all files in the /tmp/ab2/ and /tmp/ab2cd_config/ directories. The /etc/init.d/ab2mgr stop command stops all server processes, but does not clean up the files in the /tmp/ab2/ and /tmp/ab2cd_config/ directories.
To run two AnswerBook2 servers (one on your system, one from the CD), keep these rules in mind:
The /etc/init.d/ab2mgr start command always starts the server on your system.
The ab2cd command always starts the server from the CD.
Always use the ab2cd stop command to stop the server running from the CD.
To stop both servers, first use the ab2cd stop command to stop the server running from the CD, then use either /etc/init.d/ab2mgr stop or /usr/lib/ab2/bin/ab2admin -o stop to stop the server running on your system.


Stonehaven was first named Kilwhang and lies on the coast approximately fifteen miles South of Aberdeen. The town has an estimated population of around 11,000 people. Stonehaven is spectacular with it's bay surrounded on either side by approximately 100ft high cliffs which carry the scenic coastal roads North and South.
To the North is Garron Point and it's amazing 18 Hole golf course.
Approximately 2 miles South of Stonehaven,is the hump backed Downie Point.
This was the guardian to the town's spectacular Harbour, probably the most photographed in Britain.
In 1562 from the Black Hill, Oliver Cromwell's troops tried unsuccessfully to seize the Crown Jewels of Scotland.
Stonehaven has a Modern layout with 48 foot wide streets, some which are tree lined, these trees being centred round Stonehaven's Market Square.
Erected in 1790, was the square shaped Town House clock and spire, which is situated in the High Street of the Old Town near Stonehaven's Harbour.
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Photo by Brad Otto
One of the world's most technologically advanced floating nautical survey platforms has been anchored off Birch Bay for the past few weeks collecting data to update national nautical charts.
The Rainier, one of the research ships in the Pacific fleet of the National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration (NOAA), is in the middle of a mission collecting data to update NOAA's nautical charts for the Strait of Georgia. Its work will eventually take it up the coast of Alaska.
The data will provide more information on the shoals in the vicinity of Cherry Point, which is the largest tanker port in Washington. This information will be helpful to the Puget Sound pilots who steer large tankers through the sound and the Strait of Georgia. The area has seen changes in vessel traffic recently due to the increased capacity of the facilities at Cherry Point, according to the NOAA website for the ship.
The Rainier, originally launched in 1967, is 231 feet long and weighs about 1,500 tons. It can house a total of 25 crew members and stay at sea for 22 days at a time. For more information on the Rainier, visit the ship's website.


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Trade names: TheraCys®, TICE® BCG
Chemocare.com uses generic names in all descriptions of drugs. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin is the trade name for BCG. TheraCys and TICE BCG are other names for BCG. In some cases, health care professionals may use the trade name bacullus calmette-guerin or other names TheraCys or TICE BCG when referring to the generic drug name BCG.
Drug type: BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) is a biologic response modifier.
(For more detail, see "How this drug works" section below).
What this drug is used for:
- Bladder cancer
- Immunization against tuberculosis
Note: If a drug has been approved for one use, physicians sometimes elect to use this same drug for other problems if they believe it might be helpful.
How this drug is given:
- BCG is given by intravesicular infusion. This means it is given directly into the bladder through a urinary catheter. The urinary catheter is inserted through the urethra (the tube which carries urine from the bladder to the outside the body). The BCG solution is injected into the catheter, which is then clamped. Clamping the catheter allows the medication to remain in the bladder. The patient is encouraged to roll from side to side and to lie on their backs to help the medication reach all areas of the bladder. After a predetermined time (usually about 2 hours) the catheter is unclamped and the fluid is drained. The catheter is then removed.
- BCG treatment is given as an outpatient procedure.
- The treatments are usually given on a weekly basis for 6 weeks followed by treatments once a month for 6 to 12 months. Your doctor will determine your exact treatment schedule and dose.
Important things to remember about the side effects of BCG:
- Most people do not experience all of the side effects listed.
- Side effects are often predictable in terms of their onset and duration.
- Side effects are almost always reversible and will go away after therapy is complete.
- There are many options to minimize or prevent side effects.
- There is no relationship between the presence or severity of side effects and the effectiveness of the medication.
The following side effects are common (occurring in greater than 30%) for patients having BCG treatments:
- Painful or difficult urination, urgency (see bladder problems)
- Urinary frequency (see bladder problems)
- Blood in the urine (hematuria) (see bladder problems)
- Flu-like symptoms; fever, chills, malaise, fatigue, generalized aches and pains.
These are less common side effects (occurring in 10-29%) for patients receiving BCG vaccine:
- Bladder irritation or infection
A rare, but potentially serious side effect of BCG is called systemic BCG reaction. This systemic reaction to BCG can occur following exposure to BCG within one week of either biopsy, TUR(trans-urethral resection) surgery, or traumatic bladder catheterization. Symptoms of a systemic BCG reaction include unexplained high fever lasting 24-48 hours or more, chills, confusion, dizziness or lightheadedness (symptoms of low blood pressure) or shortness of breath. A systemic BCG reaction can cause pneumonitis, hepatitis, prostatitis, epididimal-orchitis, respiratory distress and other symptoms of sepsis (systemic infection).
Not all side effects are listed above, some that are rare (occurring in less than 10% of patients) are not listed here. However, you should always inform your health care provider if you experience any unusual symptoms.
When to contact your doctor or health care provider:
Contact your healthcare provider immediately, day or
night, if you should experience any of the following symptoms:
- Shortness of breath
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
The following symptoms require medical attention, but are not an emergency. Contact your health care provider within 24 hours of noticing any of the following:
- Fever of 39.5(C (103(F) or higher within 24 hours.
- Fever of 38.5(C (101(F) or higher after 48 hours.
- Blood in the urine.
- Extreme fatigue (unable to perform self care activities).
- Fever, chills, malaise, flu-like symptoms, increased fatigue or an increase in urinary symptoms (such as burning or pain on urination) are not uncommon. However, if these increase in severity, or last more than 48 hours let your doctor know.
Always inform your health care provider if you experience any unusual symptoms.
- Before starting BCG treatments, make sure you tell your doctor about any other medications you are taking (including over-the-counter drugs, vitamins, or herbal remedies).
- BCG may be inadvisable in tuberculin positive individuals.
- Inform your health care professional if you are pregnant or may be pregnant prior to starting this treatment. Pregnancy category C (use in pregnancy only if benefit to mother outweighs risk to the fetus).
- To avoid transmission of BCG to others, for 6 hours after treatment patients should void (urinate) while seated to avoid splashing of urine. Urine voided during this time should be disinfected with 2 cups of household bleach into the toilet water and letting it stand for 15-20 minutes before flushing.
- Men having this treatment can pass on BCG during sex. To protect your partner from coming into contact with BCG, you should not have sex for 48 hours after each treatment. Use a condom if you have sex at other times during the treatment course and for six weeks after treatment has ended.
- For both men and women: Do not conceive a child (get pregnant) while taking BCG treatments. Barrier methods of contraception, such as condoms, are recommended. Discuss with your doctor when you may safely become pregnant after therapy.
- Do not breast-feed while taking this medication.
- Limit fluid intake for 6-10 hrs before treatment and for 2 hours following installation of BCG, afterward resume normal fluid intake.
- Avoid caffeine and alcohol on treatment days. This is due to the diuretic and irritant properties of these substances.
- Get plenty of rest.
- Maintain good nutrition.
- If you experience symptoms or side effects, be sure to discuss them with your health care team. They can prescribe medications and/or offer other suggestions that are effective in managing such problems.
Monitoring and testing:
You will be monitored regularly by your doctor while you are receiving treatment with BCG. Your doctor will order blood tests and other tests as needed to monitor side effects and check your response to therapy.
How this drug works:
BCG is thought to bring about an immune response in the bladder by triggering an inflammatory reaction in the bladder. This reaction brings disease-fighting white blood cells and cytokines (proteins produced by one cell that influence the behavior of other cells) to the bladder. The immune system cells then fight directly against the tumor cells. The cytokine response changes the environment in the bladder that may inhibit future tumor growth and progression.
Note: We strongly encourage you to talk with your health care professional about your specific medical condition and treatments. The information contained in this website is meant to be helpful and educational, but is not a substitute for medical advice.


Tragedy makes us revisit vehicle backing hazards
Its safest to avoid having to back a vehicle on scene; when backing is necessary have one or two spotters
Editor's Note:
Editor's note: Chief Adam K. Thiel offers his condolences in the wake of a recent line of duty death and asks us all to use extreme caution when backing fire apparatus.
What a tragic story from Illinois. I'm sure you all join me in sending our thoughts and prayers to Firefighter Jansen's family, colleagues, department, and especially the apparatus driver of that fateful night.
Unfortunately, we still see all too many stories about vehicle-related firefighter injuries and fatalities, which remain a leading cause of firefighter line-of-duty deaths in the United States each year.
We often think of vehicles as being part of the external environment. But as this sad story demonstrates, heavy apparatus moving around the fireground also can be hazardous. Since we're used to working around (and relying on) them, we don't always consider the risks posed by our own vehicles.
Backing accidents, in particular, seem especially common — although fortunately they don't always result in deaths/injuries. The way I was trained, I still have a deep aversion to backing apparatus on the incident scene. We always tried to spot, and deploy, so backing wouldn't be necessary. Still, there are going to be times when the situation requires moving a vehicle, often quickly, on the fireground.
The simple answer seems to be using a backer/spotter, or two, to help ensure safe movement. Staffing levels, however, may not always provide this option; and from my experience, too, having a backer is not always a guarantee that nothing will go wrong.
What are your department's policies for backing apparatus under emergency, and non-emergency, conditions?
Stay safe!
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 3. Volunteer
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Structural phase transformations of silicon during nanoindentation were investigated in detail at the atomic level. The molecular dynamics simulations of nanoindentation on the (100) and (111) surface of single crystalline silicon were simulated, and this supported the theoretical prediction of the anisotropic behaviour of structural phase transformations. Simulations showed that microscopic aspects of phase transformation varied according to the crystallographic orientation of the contact surface and were directly linked to the slip system of silicon. In the transformed region along the centreline, the crystalline structure of Si-II and the amorphous structure were observed when silicon was loaded in the and directions, respectively. Simultaneously, metastable phases with fourfold coordination, such as Si-III and Si-XII, were formed by the inhomogeneous distortion in the slip direction of silicon and observed along the direction. Additionally, our results indicated that the deviatoric stress added to the hydrostatic pressure induced by loading was an indispensable factor for the structural phase transformation to Si-II during nanoindentation on the (100) surface.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Materials Science(all)
- Mechanics of Materials
- Mechanical Engineering
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering


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As the cycle of change increases its speed, leadership communication is becoming more important than ever. Since the original publication of Leading Out Loud in 1995, the development of a leader's message has become as critical to success as the delivery of that message. In this new and revised edition of his highly praised work, Terry Pearce explains how the events of recent years, including the information revolution, worldwide focus on terrorism, and the revelation of corporate scandals, have significantly increased the importance of authenticity in leadership to build loyalty in organizations.This new edition focuses on the source of a message for change, its development as a platform for leadership communication, and its many forms of expression from speeches to e-mails, memos, and even informal "water cooler" conversation. Pearce shows leaders in business, politics, and nonprofits how to communicate their values and vision to inspire commitment; he provides tools and examples from well-known leaders as well as less-known but effective change agents. Leading Out Loud gives readers concrete methods for improving their own communication by guiding them to do the internal work necessary for creating an honest and compelling vision, and by demonstrating how readers can find their authentic voice and articulate their messages with confidence.People make commitments, says Pearce, to causes they value and to people they respect and trust. An authentic voice and an inclusive perspective are requisites for any leader who would inspire change. Trust is built by communicating from both the mind and the heart, speaking directly to the minds and hearts of others, listening to their response, and respecting their points of view. All leaders will benefit from Pearce's wisdom, as will anyone else who wants to inspire positive change through others.
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Rent Leading Out Loud 2nd edition today, or search our site for Terry textbooks. Every textbook comes with a 21-day "Any Reason" guarantee. Published by Jossey-Bass.


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Ontario universities are continually reviewing and reinvigorating teaching and learning strategies to ensure that students leave universities prepared for a successful future. Examples of innovative strategies in teaching and learning were recently published in a report called Beyond the Sage on the Stage. Universities are also engaged in a variety of research initiatives designed to improve teaching in collaboration with the Higher Education Quality Council of Ontario (HEQCO). These include: skills for student-focused learning, effective use of technology, orienting new faculty and graduate students to best practices and degree program restructuring.
Ontario universities have also implemented a new Quality Assurance Framework based on learning outcomes and third party scrutiny. A report called Ensuring the Value of University Degrees in Ontario outlines how learning outcomes are embedded in university courses and how degree level expectations define what university graduates know and what skills they have acquired from their degree.
Read about groundbreaking teaching and learning methods.
Find a teaching and learning centre at an Ontario university.
Read the report Beyond the Sage On the Stage: Innovative and Effective Teaching and Learning at Ontario Universities, for examples of different teaching and learning strategies from across the province >
Read the report Ensuring the Value of University Degrees in Ontario, to find out more about learning outcomes, degree level expectations, and the Quality Assurance Process in Ontario >
Ontario's Degree Level Expectations >
AUCC's "Great Beginnings" - a resource to enhance quality and innovation in undergraduate education >


Do you know about ZIP code? You might have seen ZIP code in your routine work. Do you know where? When you post something in a package or envelope to some other city, state or country, a ZIP code or a postal code is written to identify the location. ZIP means Zone Improvement Plan. It's basically used on the delivery packages and envelopes so that the mail travels more quickly when the senders mark the postal code on them. The basic ZIP code consists of 9 digits. The first 5 digits indicate the destination post or delivery area. The last 4 digits of the 9-digit ZIP code represents a specific delivery routine within that overall delivery area. So if you want to locate any area for your business or personal p you need a ZIP code API which helps to fetch all the ZIP codes worldwide.
Today, I have brought an amazing app for you which is known as ZIP code API. This web app provides you so many functions in order to find a ZIP code. It helps to fetch the ZIP codes from all over the world. The API allows you to find the distance between zip codes quickly. Moreover, you can use this API to find all the zip codes within a given radius from another zip code. You know that there are so many countries in this whole world and so the states, cities and sub-areas. That's why there are a lot of zip codes for each and every location. You can't organize them on your own because it's very confusing. So ZIP CODE API can be used for your comfort!
The API has so many features such as: it allows you to convert zip codes for a city or a town, calculate the distance between two zip codes, organize a list of all the zip codes in order of their nearby location. The results are delivered in km or miles. You can search for any location and find the zip code by just entering the PIN code of any city/town, etc. The API returns the results in the JSON format which is easy to use and can be integrated into any application. Even if you require a high volume of data, it gives the best performance. The app will provide the data of the list of all the postal codes in city, state or country. You will also receive information about the primary location of each zip code. You can discover and test the APIs from your browser and manage them from one dashboard.
The ZIP CODE API helps you to fetch ZIP code data from 100+ countries and process 10,000 free requests/month at a much fair pricing. The data provided by the app are accurate and gets continuously updated and verified from multiple sources. The app is available for free as well as custom plans are here with fair pricing. There are different pricing plans such as small, medium, large, very large, and unlimited. You can choose any contract and upgrade, cancel or downgrade it any time if you want to! All the plans vary according to the distance, radius, number of requests, etc.
So grab it now and get the most out of it!
Worth Having app – Try Webapp Today
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