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By Evangelia Stefanakos, Writer, College Marketing and Communications, College of the Holy Cross
The holiday season provides an opportunity for colleges and universities to raise awareness of hunger and homelessness across the country through campus food drives and donations. Last fall, the College of the Holy Cross went a step further by offering a unique alternative program to address awareness of poverty.
During the fall semester, the College's Office of Multicultural Education gave Holy Cross students, faculty and staff the opportunity to learn about poverty through the first-person experience of a poverty simulation. The program, developed by the Missouri Association for Community Action, is the only one of its kind being used by a college in Central Massachusetts.
"The simulation is a wonderful way to move our community toward thinking about ways we can begin to address some of the root causes of poverty, hunger, and homelessness in our society," says Robert Jones, associate director of multicultural education, who is spearheading this initiative at Holy Cross.
Thus far, two separate simulations (in October and November) have been conducted on campus, with a total of 66 student, faculty and staff participants role-playing the lives of individuals living near or below the poverty line. The simulations were open to the entire College community and all were encouraged to participate.
In each simulation, participants were divided into ten different family units, ranging from individual elderly caring for themselves to families of as many as five or six, with each member facing unique challenges. After participants received their roles with a specific scenario, they role-played through four 20-minute "weeks" facilitated by student and faculty volunteers, where they were faced with real-world problems (money, transportation, child care, etc.) that they had to resolve with the resources allotted to them. They were also given "luck of the draw" scenarios that introduced either a new problem or a possible solution into their lives, such as "found $20," "your car broke down," or "your child is sick." Faculty and staff volunteers were part of the community by playing such roles as law enforcement officials, grocery store clerks, job placement agency staff, bankers and child care providers.
"In 90 minutes, the participants went through the stress and turmoil that people in those conditions experience on a day-to-day basis," says Jones.
Participant Mia Yee '19 says that while the simulation began with a sense of optimism, with the idea that the solution was as easy as budgeting, the mood in the room quickly shifted as the expected—and unexpected—trials of each week began to build on one another. "The tensions in the simulation room were palpable," explains Yee.
"I came into the simulation thinking that I probably would have a better chance getting through it than others," Yee continues. "My family has known economic hardship, and I have known many other families who had even more economic stress on them, and have seen how they managed. But I was an 85 year old woman in the simulation, widowed, with only social security as my income. By the end of the simulation, I had pawned off all of my possessions in order to get through the expenses of a single month."
Gregory Chin '18, who was assigned the role of a delinquent arrested during the simulation, had a similarly potent experience. "I got to see firsthand what it feels like to be helpless, to understand that there were many things I could not control, and watched as my loved ones suffered because of my mistake."
Chin also credits the simulation with expanding his understanding of poverty beyond simply studying the statistics of those who are marginalized. "A lot of times here at Holy Cross, we hear the phrase 'men and women for and with others,' but what does it mean to be an 'other'?" he says. "True learning means putting yourself in another's shoes and discovering that the life of another is just as important as your own."
For Jones, this is exactly the kind of influence he hoped the simulation would have. "The simulation is not the be-all and end-all, but it can be transformational," he says, explaining that the experience not only builds empathy, but can also inspire participants to move beyond volunteering and direct service toward influencing change on a larger scale through, for example, legislation, policies and procedures. Jones explains that the simulation can act as a catalyst for moving in this direction, in tandem with existing efforts on campus, such as the work of the Donelan Office for Community-Based Learning through which students have the opportunity to connect academic learning with civic engagement.
Jones hopes to institutionalize the simulation, integrating it into different parts of campus life, including the College's first-year Montserrat seminar program, student leadership training, and professional development for faculty and staff. He also plans to bring the simulation to other local area colleges, furthering its use in the region.
"I hope participants gain a better understanding of the poverty and challenges we face in our country through this simulation," says Jones. "I hope they begin to question how and why we are in the state we are in, and are propelled to ask more and do more to eliminate the root causes of the challenges faced daily by those living in poverty."


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HSE Open Access Research Awards 2015
Today is the day we announce the winners of theWhat is Open Access?
_TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_ awards. This award is to encourage and reward open
access publishing in the health sector in Ireland. Open access to health
information has been proven to increase citation, impact and can lead to the
translation of research into better outcomes for patient care.
Open Access is the free, immediate, online availability of high-quality, peer-reviewed research results with the potential to transform the way we communicate and deliver our healthcare service.
Open access publication has been defined separately by three statements known as the "BBB definition" which represents the "Budapest (Feb 2002), Bethesda (June 2003), and Berlin (Oct 2003) statements. Open access means unrestricted access and unrestricted reuse. The definition of an Open Access Publication is
Benefits of OA Research
- Accelerated discovery. With open access, researchers can read and build on the findings of others without restriction.
- Public enrichment. Much scientific and medical research is paid for with public funds. Open access allows taxpayers to see the results of their investment.
- Improved education. Open access means that teachers and their students have access to the latest research findings throughout the world

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Trend found in today's young couples are avoiding living near the house of their parent-in-law. The reason is that the couple could be more independent, or they could also avoid the nagging mother-in-law. However, parent-in-laws living near them actually offers many advantages, in addition to be more efficient, it can also increase fertility.
Dr Virpi Lummaa from the Sheffield University analyzed the records of 300 years churches with the last data recorded in 2000. These records contain data of birth, marriages and deaths of farmers in Finland.
The study, presented at the 2012 Euroscience conference in Dublin found that married couples who live close to their parent-in-laws have more children. In addition, the distance between the child's birth time is also shorter. Couples also tend to marry at a young age when their mother are still alive.
Not only that, previous research has found that children born from couples who living near their grandmother's home are less likely to die in infancy. It seems that the new family benefits from the additional people who are willing to help provide care to children.
Dr Lummaa did not find any differences between the mother or father-in-law. However, previous research on African families found that the mother-in-law is a person who gives the greatest benefit.
The positive impact of mother-in-law is probably due to age. Men generally married at an older age than women, the paternal grandmother are also typically older and less able to help care for grandchildren.
"The role of grandfathers gives less obvious impact not because the grandfather does not doing anything, but because the help from grandfatheres cannot be translated directly by the grandchild," said Dr. Lumma as reported by Medical Daily.
Besides studying the effects of being close to parent-in-law, Dr. Lummaa also learn why women lose the ability to have children when they are relatively still young, while other mammals are able to reproduce in their old age.
The latest research confirms the findings support the theory that menopause is a natural way to keep the women not have more children when they could be said still young as a grandmother. This mechanism will make menopausal women more focused to care for their grandchildren at the same time avoid the trauma of childbirth.Tagged with: couple fertility, living near parent-in-law more fertile,

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with a key role in the post-transcriptional gene expression regularization, thanks to their ability to link with the target mRNA through the complementary base pairing mechanism. Given their role, it is important to identify their targets and, to this purpose, different tools were proposed to solve this problem. However, their results can be very different, so the community is now moving toward the deployment of integration tools, which should be able to perform better than the single ones. As Machine and Deep Learning algorithms are now in their popular years, we developed different classifiers from both areas to verify their ability to recognize possible miRNA-mRNA interactions and evaluated their performance, showing the potentialities and the limits that those algorithms have in this field. Here, we apply two deep learning classifiers and three different machine learning models to two different miRNA-mRNA datasets, of predictions from 3 different tools: TargetScan, miRanda, and RNAhybrid. Although an experimental validation of the results is needed to better confirm the predictions, deep learning techniques achieved the best performance when the evaluation scores are taken into account.


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- Tag > LGBTQ+ (x)
- Historical Eras > Contemporary US (1976 to the present) (x)
- Historical Eras > Postwar America (_PHONE_) (x)
- Theme > Civil Rights and Citizenship (x)
We found 2 items that match your search
Perry Watkins was a gay African American soldier who was drafted to serve in the army during the Vietnam War. He was open about his sexuality throughout his entire career. Despite this, in 1981, the army revoked his security clearance after 13 years [...]
This essay outlines broad trends in LGBTQ+ American history and traces the evolution of LGBTQ+ people's involvement in and relationship with the United States military.


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Inspired by a rare archival detail, the Interlocking G Horsebit print defines this scarf, mixing with a geometric ribbon motif. Symbolic House codes continue to be reimagined throughout the latest collections.
- Interlocking G Horsebit and ribbons print navy organic silk twill
- Green borders
- This product contains organic silk where the sericulture and manufacturing process restrict the use of chemicals, eliminate pesticides or artificial fertilizers and incorporate methods that respect biodiversity, improve soil quality, and reduce water consumption.
- 35.5″W x 35.5″L
- 100% Silk
- Made in Italy


text: The paper focusses on the role of accuracy and automaticity in the development of skilled reading. The developmental phases underlying accurate word recognition are traced, and the argument advanced that for word recognition to be efficient, it must not only be accurate, but it must be automatic, that is, it must be sufficiently economic in terms of memory processing demands, as to permit the reader to concentrate on 'getting meaning.' This theoretical framework is used to carryout a pilot study using a sample of primary pupils in Barbados. ANOVA analyses are used to highlight significant gender differences in performance in terms of accuracy and automaticity. Content analyses highlight the explanatory power and instructional relevance of the 'accuracy' and 'automaticity' concepts to remedial reading instruction. The findings, though discussed in terms of the Barbados data, have implications for other contexts. Implications for further research are suggested.


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Open Source Java Reporting with JasperReports and iReport : Page 5
Using JasperReports from Java
So now you have a working JasperReports report. How do you use it from within your Java application?
The JasperDesign object, in the net.sf.jasperreports.engine package, is the Java representation of the XML report you designed using iReport. You load the XML report and compile it into a JasperReport object, which does the actual report generation:
JasperDesign jasperDesign = JasperManager.loadXmlDesign("MyReport.xml"); JasperReport jasperReport = JasperManager.compileReport(jasperDesign);
In a real application, you shouldn't do this every time you generate a report, as it is time consuming and easily cached.
Once you have a compiled report, you can feed it data and use it to generate reports.
When you generate the report, you can provide runtime parameters via a Map. This is useful for providing information that is unknown at design time, such as a user-customized report title. From within the JasperReport report, you declare the parameter in the "View/Report Parameters" window and then use the parameter variable just like the other fields and variables you saw previously:
// Run-time report parameters Map parameters = new HashMap(); parameters.put("title", "A user-customized title");
Of course, you also need to provide a valid JDBC connection to the target database:
// Fetch your database connection Connection conn = DBConnectionFactory.getConnection();
Finally, you use the JasperFillManager class to combine the compiled report model with the incoming data to generate a print-ready report:
JasperPrint jasperPrint = JasperFillManager.fillReport(jasperReport, parameters, conn);
Now use the JasperPrintManager to generate the report in whatever format you want. JasperReport supports a lot of formats: PDF, Excel, XML, HTML, CVS, etc. But for now, just write the report to a PDF file:
JasperExportManager.exportReportToPdfFile(jasperPrint, "report.pdf");
There are lots of other possibilities. Check out the JasperReports APIs for more details.
Other Reporting Tools
A number of other reporting tools are available, so how does JasperReports/iReport stack up to the others? Here are a couple of the main actors in the field:
 - Eclipse BIRT is a new, up-and-coming charting and reporting tool with a nice Eclipse plugin. Although a relative newcomer, it has some powerful reporting and charting functionalities. On the other hand, it is less mature than JasperReports, and it seems less well integrated with Java It also relies on internal JavaScript scripting for report enhancing. Integration with datasources other than a plain JDBC connection seems to be complicated as well. Nevertheless, it is worth a look.
 - Business Objects/Crystal Reports is a powerful commercial BI/reporting solution with a slick graphical designer. A full-fledged Crystal Reports Server XI Edition license (20 users) costs around $7,500. The Crystal Reports IX Developer Edition, a lighter version more oriented towards Web application development, is available for around $595 per developer. Even in the latest version, Java integration seems to be limited however.
A Dynamic Duo
JasperReports is powerful and flexible reporting tool, which is easy to integrate into a Java environment. iReport takes a lot of the hard work out of designing reports with JasperReports—without comprising its power. Together, they form an impressive pair. Try it out!
Comment and Contribute


Wood Flooring Grades
Grading is determined by the appearance of the wood and is an indication of aesthetics rather than quality or durability.
Wood that exhibits similar attributes such as character, length and milling tolerances are grouped together in a grade. The grades were established by the National Wood Flooring Association (NWFA) in conjunction with manufacturer associations to create consistency among different mills and provide the consumers and distributors with more defined expectations for their purchases. This instills confidence in all parties and helps to maintain fair pricing.
Keep in mind that sometimes grades are combined (Select & Better, Second and Better, etc.) or are a mix of two standard grades (No. 1 Common, No. 2 Common, etc.).
Mill Run (also known as Run of the Mill) is typically a mix of grades and has longer pieces. True to its name, this type of hardwood flooring is unique to the mill. This is an economical option for consumers and manufacturers alike.
Click through to read detailed descriptions and photos for each species:


Using the Compute Derivative Tool in SMS
With the release of the SMS 13.1 beta, a new tool has been added to the Dataset Toolbox. The Dataset Toolbox contains many tools for creating new datasets from existing data in your project. The Dataset Toolbox contains the Data Calculator as well as tools for comparing datasets and completing certain functions.
Among all the tools currently available, the Compute Derivative tool has been added to the Temporal tools in the Dataset Toolbox. In a previous blog post we discussed the other temporal tools if you want to review the function of those tools. The Compute Derivative tool allows you to create a new dataset showing the change from one time step to the next, or the derivative from one time step to the next of an existing dataset.
To access and use the Computer Derivative tool, do the following:
 1. Have a transient dataset loaded into the project.
 2. Use the Data | Dataset Toolbox command.
 3. In the Dataset Toolbox dialog, select the Computer Derivative tool under the list of Temporal tools.
 4. Select the desired dataset to use for the computation.
 5. Select either the Change or Derivative option.
 6. If selecting the Derivative option, also specify the time units.
 7. Enter a name for the new dataset.
Compute Derivative Tool in SMS
The new dataset generated from the Computer Derivative tool will output data in between the existing dataset time steps, resulting in one fewer time steps than the original dataset.
The Compute Derivative tool is only available for data that is in the 2D Mesh module or the UGrid module. Make certain that you have your dataset included in one of these two modules. If you have your dataset in a different module, you will need to interpolate it over to a 2D mesh or UGrid (unstructured grid) before using the Computer Derivative tool.
Try out using the Compute Derivative tool in SMS 13.1 today!
Blog tags:


Home » Stage lighting equipment industry term
Stage lighting equipment industry term
Introduce the industry terminology of stage lighting equipment. Learn more info pls send messages to Kale stage lighting equipment supplier
1. DMX (Digital Multiplexing)
Data multiplexing is a programming protocol commonly used in lighting products. This protocol includes 512 channels, each with 256 values. Usually, a single channel is used to control the function of an automated lamp.
2. 8-bit DMX
DMX control channel parameters.
3. 16-bit DMX
A parameter that uses two DMX control channels, usually used for fine adjustment of horizontal and vertical control.
4. Damage
A term used to describe the light beam projected by the lamp in the air.
5. Ballyhoo
The motion effect of a programmed automated light looks like these lamps move randomly in a defined area.
Bump button
A button on the light console that can generate an action when pressed and released. Also known as point control keys.
6. Digital Light
A Digital lamp, a kind of remote control lamp, uses a non-mechanical (usually video output) way to create and change the lamp output.
7. Dimmer
Dimmer, a device used to control the brightness of incandescent lamps.
8. Flyout
Fly out and program the movement of the automated lighting fixture moving vertically from one position to another. For example, a typical FLYOUT CUE is to move the light beam from the stage to the audience area.
The luminous flux of lamps with the same power may be completely different because of their different light effects. For example, ordinary lighting bulbs are only 101m/W, while metal halogen lamps can reach 801m/W.
9. Color temperature
Color temperature means that the color emitted by the light source is the same as the color of the light radiated by the black body at a certain temperature. The temperature of the black body is called the color temperature of the light source and is generally measured in Kelvin. For example, 3200k and 5600k. The color temperature is high and the color of the light is cold: the color temperature is low and the color of the light is warm: when the color temperature is moderate, the light is close to white. Under normal sunlight in nature, the color temperature of light is generally higher than that of artificial lamps. Normally, the color temperature of sunlight is about 5600k, while the color temperature of the studio and performance lamps is about 3200k. (Thermal light source). However, the recent cold light source lighting in TV studios is a transformation of traditional light sources. The cold light source has a high color temperature, low energy consumption, and low heat generation. When performing indoor and outdoor photography, the color temperature conversion is simple and the picture is natural. Of course, the cold light source has higher performance requirements for the dimmer.
In modern light control, a new concept of the channel has been created. It refers to a collection of control loops on a fixture. Specifically: the functions of a certain lamp need to be controlled separately (for example focusing, strobe, color change, etc.), and the collective output circuit of the dimmer station is the channel.
Post time: 2020-06-11


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The gas turbine materials technology program at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) includes super alloys, including directionally solidified and single crystal alloys, coatings, titanium alloys, composites, ceramics, intermetallics, and polymers, as well as conventional ferrous and nonferrous materials.
For materials and coatings selection, it is necessary to understand the parameters, such as the materials and process, structure-property relationships, and process quality assurance that affect the durability of the components. Engineers have worked extensively on numerous gas turbine materials and coatings and tested a number of superalloys and coatings to generate a materials database, understand degradation mechanisms, and develop life assessment methods. SwRI has conducted studies that can be broadly categorized as:
- Materials and processes
- Testing and evaluation
- Quality assurance
- Supplier qualification
SwRI can offer you a full range of capabilities and experience in gas turbine technology including becoming an extension of your engineering department. Contact us for more information about our gas turbine technology materials and coatings selection capabilities. To contract with SwRI, please contact the Machinery Services Hotline at _PHONE_.
For more information, contact Tim Allison or call _PHONE_.


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Latin American Studies
The LAS program at UW-Eau Claire has come to distinguish itself as a unique program for its focus on international immersion experiences and its expectation of a high level of language proficiency from its students. Along with developing language proficiency in Spanish, students also gain in-depth knowldge and understanding of Latin America and Latinos/Hispanics in the United States through an array of courses from multiple disciplines including economics, geography, political science, art history, religion, history, anthropology and public and environmental health.
Your Gift Supports:
Support the general needs of the Latin American Studies program with a gift of any amount to the Latin American Studies Advancement Fund, which is used to meet the needs of the program that cannot be met by the state-assisted university operating budget. The fund enables the department to take advantage of opportunities to advance its cause.
- Scholarships and general funds to provide the greatest level of flexibility for operations and ongoing program development.
- An endowed Latin American Studies Scholarship to ensure a guaranteed source of annual scholarships. The initial endowment goal is $15,000, with an ultimate goal of a $100,000 scholarship endowment. This will provide a guaranteed pool of $4,000 to be awarded for scholarships.
- Flexible support for student programs, recruitment of faculty and students, and exploration opportunities out of the classroom. Ideally, we would like to have an endowment of $25,000, which would provide an annual allocation of $1,000 to be used to meet the greatest needs of the program.


Coding with SPIP 2.1
SPIP 2.1 Technical Documentation
> > > > sql_serveur
The sql_serveur() function is used to both connect to the database server if that has not yet already been done, and to obtain the real name of the function that will be executed for a requested transaction. This function is called transparently by means of aliases. It is therefore normally not a useful operation to employ it directly.
sql_serveur() accepts three parameters, with only the first being critical:
 1. $ins_sql is the name of the function requested from amongst the list of functions that the API understands, such as "select", "update", "updateq"... When left deliberately empty, it is then simply requesting that a connection be made to the database server if such has not already been done.
 2. $serveur,
 3. $continue defines what should happen whenever the SQL API instruction is not found by the requested database manager. Set by default to false, the system returns a fatal error, but it is possible to continue programme execution by setting this parameter's value to be true.
This function is typically used as below:
 1. // calculate the function name
 2. $f = sql_serveur('select');
 3. // execution of the function as per the determined API
 4. $f($arg1, $arg2,... );
If you are requesting the select instruction in the instruction set determined for MySQL and existing in the ecrire/req/mysql.php file, then the $f variable will equal spip_mysql_select. Correlation between the instructions and the function is defined in that same file with a global variable: spip_mysql_functions_1 (MySQL is the type of server, 1 is the version of the instruction set).
Using aliases to make things simple
Practically all of the sql_* API functions are aliases which that calculate a function using sql_serveur and then execute it. In this way, calling the sql_select function performs (more or less) exactly the same operation as the previous code. It is these instructions that ought to be used:
 1. sql_select($arg1, $arg2,...);
 - Author :
 - Published :
 - Updated : 02/06/10
 - Translations : English, français


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Early life
Few clear records remain of Princess Rotrude's early life. She was educated in the Palace School by Alcuin, who affectionately calls her Columba in his letters to her. When she was six, her father betrothed her to Constantine VI of Byzantium, whose mother Irene was ruling as regent. The Greeks called her Erythro and sent a scholar monk called Elisaeus to educate her in Greek language and manners. However, the alliance fell apart by 786 when she was eleven and Constantine's mother, Irene, broke off the engagement in 788.
Later life
Rotrude eventually became a nun, joining her aunt Gisela, abbess of Chelles. The two women authored a letter to Alcuin of York, who was at Tours at the time, requesting that he write a commentary explaining the Gospel of John. As a result, Alcuin eventually produced his seven-book Commentaria in Iohannem Evangelistam, a more accessible companion to the gospel than St. Augustine's massive and challenging Tractatus in St. John. Commentators have dated the letter to the spring of 800, four years before Alcuin's death and ten before Rotrude's.
In contemporary views of history, most scholars discriminate between the two phases of Rotrude's life. Political histories of her father Charlemagne discuss her as a princess who was potentially a pawn and a woman of questionable morals, while religious histories discuss her as the second nun in the letter from Chelles.
|Ancestors of Rotrude|
- Gaskoin, C. J. B. Alcuin: His Life and His Work. New York: Russell & Russell, 1966
- Runciman, Steven. "The Empress Irene the Athenian." Medieval Women. Ed. Derek Baker. Oxford: Ecclesiastical History Society, 1978.
- "Epistola Christi Familarum Gislae atque Rechtrudae ad Albinum Magistrum." Patrologia Latina 100:738D-740C.
- Ed. Dümmler, Monumenta Germanicae Historica: Epistolae aevi Carolini II, pp 323-325


People & Life Ways
Early 20th Century
20th Century Mining Entrepreneurs
The expensive mining techniques of the 20th century often required a great deal of money to extract and process precious metals. Mining entrepreneurs were the individuals who gathered the money (capital) and formed the companies to back mining ventures. Some men who ventured into mining became fabulously wealthy and famous. Others lost everything and their names are forgotten in history. Some did both--became rich, then poor.
Photo Credit:
Nevada State Museum


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Taking hay fever tablets could land you with a huge fine and a driving ban.
Hay fever sufferers taking medicines used to treat the condition can suffer side-affects such as reduced vision, hearing and reaction times and could land you with a criminal record if you're in an accident.
Over-the-counter medication such as hay fever relief is covered under the same law as cocaine and cannabis that prohibits driving with drugs in your body if they impair your ability.
The offence carries a minimum one year driving ban and unlimited fine.
In serious cases you could be landed with a prison term and the criminal offence stays on your driving licence for 11 years.
Road Safety and breakdown organisation GEM Motoring Assist is warning hay fever sufferers to check their medicines carefully before getting behind the wheel, and to be aware of the possible effects these drugs can have on their driving.
Road safety officer Neil Worth said: "Some medicines, including those used to treat hay fever, can have an effect on your ability to drive safely. They can affect your vision, your hearing, your reaction time, your perception of risk and your ability to carry out a variety of tasks.
"You may feel sleepy, sick, dizzy or unable to move quickly. Your vision may be blurred, and you may also find it hard to focus or pay attention. Symptoms like this make you much more likely to be involved in a collision.
"The same road traffic laws apply to therapeutic drugs as to illicit substances, so if your driving is impaired and you cause a collision, you risk prosecution and the loss of your licence."
The organisation has put together a safety checklist for any driver likely to need a hay fever medicine:
- Ask your doctor or pharmacist if a medicine could affect your ability to drive. Be particularly careful if you are using a medicine for the first time.
- If you do experience potentially dangerous side effects from a medicine, don't drive. Organise a taxi or a lift from a friend if you need to travel.
- If you find a particular medicine is making you sleepy, consider asking if there is a non-sedating alternative available.
- It's not just prescription medicines that can cause drowsiness and other potentially dangerous side-effects. So, check with your pharmacist if you plan to use an over-the-counter drug.
- If you're unsure about the warning given on the medicine you're using, ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any risks… before you drive anywhere.


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Set the speaker's wireless playback quality to Priority on stable connection.
- Connect the speaker to the wall outlet with the AC adapter and power on the speaker. The power indicator lights up in green.
- Press the FUNCTION button repeatedly until the Bluetooth indicator lights up.
- While holding the volume [+] button, press the FUNCTION/PAIRING button until the AUDIO IN indicator flashes.
- When the mode changes to SBC (Priority on stable connection), the AUDIO IN indicator flashes once.
- When the mode changes to AUTO, the AUDIO IN indicator flashes three times.
If the problem persists, try the solution below:


Exploring Israel on foot, Dr. Seuss's humanity and preserving Eritrean culture through Art
This show reflects an appreciation for culture through the arts–writing, fine art and Dr. Seuss's illustrative art.
NBC News correspondent and former Middle East Bureau Chief, Martin Fletcher, joins World Footprints to share his new book, Walking Israel. Fletcher's book chronicles his adventures and insights as he walked along the coast of Israel meeting people and immersing himself in his surroundings. We will discuss some of the misperceptions that some have of Israel and why a visit to the historic country is worth considering.
Then, the art of human rights in the African Nation of Eritrea takes center stage as we introduce you to artist and activist Elsa Gebreyesus who is using her art to encourage hope, preserve history and fight political oppression across an ocean.
Finally, "Who-ville" comes alive and everyone from Horton to the Cat in the Hat raises awareness of a variety of social issues when curator Bill Dreyer takes us inside the art of Ted Geisel (Dr. Seuss). Dreyer represents the Art of Dr. Seuss and he will tell us why Dr. Seuss was ahead of his time with his art and its commentary on everything from discrimination, the environment, to the state of the economy.


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The developed countries that signed the three Rio Conventions in 1992 committed themselves to assist developing countries in the implementation of these Conventions. Since 1998 the DAC has monitored aid targeting the objectives of the Rio Conventions through its "Creditor Reporting System" (CRS) using the so called "Rio markers". Every aid activity reported to the CRS should be screened and marked as either (i) targeting the Conventions as a 'principal objective' or a'significant objective', or (ii) not targeting the objective.
- Release of 2011 data on aid targeting global environment objectives (see Data section below)
Download the data and charts (xls)
Biodiversity-related aid is defined as activities that promote at least one of the three objectives of the Convention: the conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use of its components (ecosystems, species or genetic resources), or fair and equitable sharing of the benefits of the utilisation of genetic resources. Full definition.
Desertification-related aid is defined as activities that combat desertification or mitigate the effects of drought in arid, semi arid and dry sub-humid areas through prevention and/or reduction of land degradation, rehabilitation of partly degraded land, or reclamation of desertified land. Full definition.
Climate change mitigation-related aid is defined as activities that contribute to the objective of stabilisation of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system by promoting efforts to reduce or limit GHG emissions or to enhance GHG sequestration. Full definition.
Climate change adaptation-related aid. In December 2009 the DAC members approved a new marker to also track aid in support of climate change adaptation. This new marker will complement the existing climate change mitigation marker, and thus allow presentation of a more complete picture of aid in support of developing countries' efforts to address climate change. climate change adaptation.
Handbook on the OECD-DAC Climate Markers
To obtain data by recipient, sector and at activity level by querying the on-line CRS database for Rio markers and environment marker; click here (updated in December 2012).
Also, the time series for Rio marker are presented here: Rio marker data.
Nevertheless, note that Rio marker data available in CRS online may differ from the time series presented above in the form of aggregates. The latter take into account additional amounts provided by members during special studies that could not be integrated in the regular CRS database presented in CRS online.
Read also the FAQs for data users.
Important notes on data:
From 1998 onwards the DAC has monitored aid targeting the objectives of the Rio Conventions through the CRS using the "Rio markers". Data for years _PHONE_ were obtained on a trial basis; reporting became mandatory starting with 2007 flows.
There are gaps in the data series, but their coverage has improved regularly over the years. For 2008 data, only Luxembourg, Norway (forthcoming) and the United States did not report on the Rio markers in the CRS.
N.B. marker methodology: The marker data do not allow exact quantification of amounts allocated or spent. They give an indication (best estimate) of such aid flows and describe the extent to which donors address the objectives of the Rio Conventions in their aid programmes.
OECD Development Assistance Committee Tracks Aid in Support of Climate Change
Analyses of Aid - how much aid is delivered, where and for what purpose
Environment: Climate change aid up to USD 22.9 billion in 2010, says OECD's Gurría


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initial graphs (minimal and negative initial digraphs)
One of the main advantages of MGG over other approaches to graph transformation is its ability to study properties of the grammar independently of the initial state. Thus, it is possible to define an algortihm (productions of a grammar) and analyse some of its properties without taking into account the concrete problem it is going to be applied to.
For a given sequence, one natural question is the minimal (smallest) graph that we have to be given in order to apply the sequence. Recall that MGG is not only able to study the elements that have to be present in order to apply a production, but also those that must not be in the initial graph. The minimal initial digraph (MID) is precisely this smallest graph. The negative initial digraph (NID) specifies those elements that should not appear in the host graph. They both can be explicitely calculated. Sections 4.4 and 5.3 in the MGG book are devoted to this topic. It is interesting that we can use this concepts to contribute to Petri nets (Sec. 8.2).
The main importance of the initial digraphs is that they substitute the host graph in those cases where some initial state is mandatory. For example, when dealing with universal quantifiers in application conditions. Hence, the analysis of the grammar productions can be performed without the need of a concrete host graph.
In previous posts I have commented on non-determinism in MGG, being one of its sources how nodes across productions are related (whether two nodes of the same type in different productions have to be the same node or not). If we have in mind a concrete sequence, as soon as the left hand sides of the productions are matched in the state graph the non-determinism disappears. But the interesting part of the analysis is the one that happens before the productions are matched into the host graph. Recall that this non-determinism is classified as vertical and horizontal. The initial digraphs deal with horizontal non-determinism, so they contribute also to the study of the vertical non-determinism.
Depending on the way completion is carried out, different initial digraphs will be derived, giving rise to the notions of initial digraph set. The horizontal non-determinism needs further research. For some time I tried to address this issue using representation theory, which I will comment on in a future post. There is a fast introduction to representation theory here.
Summarizing, initial digraphs are interesting at least for three reasons: They keep independence in MGG of the analysis with respect to the host graph, they also help in the study of horizontal non-determinism and they answer the question of what is the smallest graph able to fire a sequence.
Today I find myself a bit sarcastic. Normally I choose quotes that are related to the topic of the post in some way, but today I cannot stand including the following phrase from David Hilbert: Some people have got a mental horizon of radius zero and call it their point of view.


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How To Fix Common Sweep Picking Mistakes To Make Playing Arpeggios Less Frustrating
by Tom Hess
Playing amazingly melodic sweep picking arpeggios is infinitely easier and less frustrating when you've corrected common mistakes others make.
First, you need to learn how to hear if your playing is clean or sloppy. This tells you exactly what to practice to get better.
This video shows how to find and clean up sloppy mistakes in your sweep picking:
Get better results from your sweep picking practice by using what you learned in the video together with these tips:
- Keep your picking motion as effective as possible by watching your picking hand
- Break down bigger arpeggio patterns into smaller groups of notes to make it easier to hear which note you're playing
- Practice applying tremolo picking on individual notes
You quickly begin playing sweep picking arpeggios with accuracy and fluidity like never before when you practice using the approach in the video.
This helps you overcome sloppy mistakes so you are able to begin playing arpeggios creatively.
Start playing melodic arpeggios that bring your solos to life using the advice in this sweep picking article.
About Tom Hess: Tom Hess is a guitar teacher, music career mentor and guitar teacher trainer. He teaches rock guitar lessons online to students from all over the world and conducts instructional live guitar training events attended by musicians from over 50 countries.Play guitar the way you've always wanted to with lessons for electric guitar players.
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gmx rdf
Main Table of Contents VERSION 5.0.7
gmx rdf [-f [<.xtc/.trr/...>]] [-s [<.tpr/.tpb/...>]] [-n [<.ndx>]]
 [-o [<.xvg>]] [-cn [<.xvg>]] [-hq [<.xvg>]] [-nice ] [-b
The structure of liquids can be studied by either neutron or X-ray scattering. The most common way to describe liquid structure is by a radial distribution function. However, this is not easy to obtain from a scattering experiment.
gmx rdf calculates radial distribution functions in different ways. The normal method is around a (set of) particle(s), the other methods are around the center of mass of a set of particles (-com) or to the closest particle in a set (-surf). With all methods, the RDF can also be calculated around axes parallel to the z-axis with option -xy. With option -surf normalization can not be used.
The option -rdf sets the type of RDF to be computed. Default is for atoms or particles, but one can also select center of mass or geometry of molecules or residues. In all cases, only the atoms in the index groups are taken into account. For molecules and/or the center of mass option, a run input file is required. Weighting other than COM or COG can currently only be achieved by providing a run input file with different masses. Options -com and -surf also work in conjunction with -rdf.
If a run input file is supplied (-s) and -rdf is set to atom, exclusions defined in that file are taken into account when calculating the RDF. The option -cut is meant as an alternative way to avoid intramolecular peaks in the RDF plot. It is however better to supply a run input file with a higher number of exclusions. For e.g. benzene a topology, setting nrexcl to 5 would eliminate all intramolecular contributions to the RDF. Note that all atoms in the selected groups are used, also the ones that don't have Lennard-Jones interactions.
Option -cn produces the cumulative number RDF, i.e. the average number of particles within a distance r.
Options to specify input and output files:
Trajectory: xtc trr cpt trj gro g96 pdb tng
-s [<.tpr/.tpb/...>] (topol.tpr) (Input, Optional)
Structure+mass(db): tpr tpb tpa gro g96 pdb brk ent
-n [<.ndx>] (index.ndx) (Input, Optional)
Index file
-o [<.xvg>] (rdf.xvg) (Output)
xvgr/xmgr file
-cn [<.xvg>] (rdf_cn.xvg) (Output, Optional)
xvgr/xmgr file
-hq [<.xvg>] (hq.xvg) (Output, Optional)
xvgr/xmgr file
Other options:
-nice (19)
Set the nicelevel
-b (0)
First frame (ps) to read from trajectory
-e (0)
Last frame (ps) to read from trajectory
-dt (0)
-[no]w (no)
-xvg (xmgrace)
xvg plot formatting: xmgrace, xmgr, none
-bin (0.002)
Binwidth (nm)
-[no]com (no)
RDF with respect to the center of mass of first group
-surf (no)
RDF with respect to the surface of the first group: no, mol, res
-rdf (atom)
RDF type: atom, mol_com, mol_cog, res_com, res_cog
-[no]pbc (yes)
Use periodic boundary conditions for computing distances. Without PBC the maximum range will be three times the largest box edge.
-[no]norm (yes)
Normalize for volume and density
-[no]xy (no)
Use only the x and y components of the distance
-cut (0)
Shortest distance (nm) to be considered
-ng (1)
Number of secondary groups to compute RDFs around a central group
-fade (0)
From this distance onwards the RDF is tranformed by g'(r) = 1 + [g(r)-1] exp(-(r/fade-1)^2 to make it go to 1 smoothly. If fade is 0.0 nothing is done.


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6A LITERATURE INFORMATION
SSR Book: Students are required to have an SSR (Sustained Silent Reading) book with them at all times in every class. This book can be any book chosen by the student, and does not have to be from the 6th grade book list. Students need to have this book with then at all times in case students have any free time after a test or at the end of a lesson. Students who do not have an SSR book are considered unprepared for class.
Students are expected to read independently and complete mini-projects on the books that they read throughout the school year. Sixth grade students are required to read at least 18 books in the 2011-2012 school year. An explanation of the 18 Book Standard will occur in the first week of school in the reading class of all students.


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When making caramel candy the recipe often calls for boiling a water/sugar/butter mix to one temperature, then adding cream and boiling to another temperature. Often the second temperature is higher than the first. I assume the second temperature is set to get the proper amount of water driven off and the proper caramelization of the sugar. What is the purpose of the first boiling? How would the result be different if we just mixed the water/sugar/butter/cream and boiled to the second temperature? If the first one is higher I can see we get more caramelized sugar that way, but if the second is higher I don't see the purpose.
When caramelizing sugar in a recipe that uses water your first job is to get the sugar to completely dissolve. That is the first temperature you are using. They are probably making you pause at this temperature long enough to make sure you do this tep correctly. If they didn't have the step most folks would blow past it, add more ingredients and run the risk of not dissolving the sugar correctly.
Make sure no sugar crystals remains at the first stage, even on the side of the pot. If any crystals remain or fall in later your recipe will fail because the sugar will recrystallize leaving a grainy taste.
Caramel and other candies like toffee start off with a small amount of water and are brought up to around the boiling point of water and held there briefly (typically a couple minutes) until the water is boiled off (which then allows the temperature to rise to the desired sugar stage). The reason for this is that when sugar is heated in the presence of water it undergoes a slow reaction called hydrolysis where the sucrose breaks down into fructose and glucose (this combination of fructose and glucose is referred to as invert sugar). Invert sugar impedes the crystallization of sucrose and helps produce the desired texture of the candy. Alternatively, invert sugar can be introduced to the recipe to reduce the time spent at the first boiling stage or skip it entirely. High fructose corn syrup is a common source of invert sugar used for this purpose in many commercial candy operations.


all connection operations to the transaction's coordinating server. This routing can be expensive. You may see better performance if you optimize your applications to run directly on the coordinating server if possible, and optimize your applications to use connection instances that are directly hosted on the coordinator.
For client applications that begin a transaction, the coordinator of transaction is the first WebLogic server the client calls under the transaction (any RMI, EJB, JDBC, or JMS call). In the JMS case, this is the server that hosts the client's JMS connection, which is not necessarily the same as the server that hosts the JMS destination.
For server side applications, the coordinator of the transaction is the local server if a local resource is invoked first (including JMS destinations and JDBC connections) unless a remote server is called first (any remotely hosted JDBC connection, EJB, RMI call, or JMS connection). This includes remote servers in other clusters or domains.
Varied Performance for Read-Only Operations Through an LLR Data Source
The LLR optimization provides a significant increase in performance for insert, update, and delete operations. However, for read operations with LLR, performance is somewhat slower than read operations with XA. For best performance, you may want to configure a non-LLR JDBC data source for read-only operations.
Dedicating LLR Tables by Data Source
To improve performance in environments using Oracle RAC, you can specify a LLR table for each data source instead of for each server to better utilize the local node caches in Oracle RAC clusters.
Use the following system property to set the specification of a LLR table by data source when starting a WebLogic Server instance:
where: datasourcename is the name of a data source and tablename is the name of the LLR table that maps to datasourcename.
For example, using the system property:
When the server starts:
 - a INFO message is written to stdout
 LLR data source LLRDS1 using LLR table myllrtable1
 - All LLR entries for the server that use data source LLRDS1 are stored in the LLR table named mylltable1.
Define one table for each data source on each server on which the data source is targeted. The same table cannot be shared by different WLS instances. If LLRDS1 is targeted to two WebLogic Server instances S1 and S2, then create two tables: S1_LLRDS1 and S2_LLRDS1, and specify the proper system properties for each server.
For example:
For instance S1, use -Dweblogic.llr.table.LLRDS1=S1_LLRDS1
For instance S2, use -Dweblogic.llr.table.LLRDS1=S2_LLRDS1
In the next WebLogic Server release, the node-id will automatically be captured in an extended LLR table allowing data to be partitioned to the respective WebLogic Server node without needing to manually allocate a table per data source.
JTA service migration does not support LLR tables that are dedicated by data source.


I Feel Lazy?
What are the main causes of laziness?
10 Main Causes Of Laziness
 - Procrastination.
 - Distraction.
 - Poor lifestyle choices.
 - Exhaustion.
 - Indecisiveness.
 - Poor nutrition.
 - Lack of motivation.
 - Lack of self worth.
How do I stop feeling lazy?
How to overcome laziness
 1. 1. Make your goals manageable.
 2. Don't expect yourself to be perfect.
 3. Use positive instead of negative self-talk.
 4. Create a plan of action.
 5. Use your strengths.
 6. Recognize your accomplishments along the way.
 7. Ask for help.
 8. Avoid distraction.
What are the signs of a lazy person?
Below are signs you're a lazy person.
 - PROCRASTINATION. If you have the habit of procrastinating then you are a lazy person.
 - YOU CAN'T STOP SLEEPING. A lazy person loves to sleep.
Why do I feel weak and lazy all the time?
How can I fight laziness?
8 Simple Ways To Fight Laziness
 1. Find Your Motivation. One of the most common causes of laziness is the simple lack of motivation – when you are not determined enough to do something, you tend to procrastinate, and for a good reason.
 2. One Step At A Time!
 3. Get Some Physical Exercise.
 4. Divide Your Big Tasks Into Smaller Ones.
 5. Always Look For Positive Examples.
Can a lazy person change?
You're a person who has adopted lazy habits. Start seeing your habit as just a behavior–a behavior you can change. You practice getting 7-8 hours of sleep, doing regular exercise, and eating healthfully so you're filled with energy. Every one of these new behaviors counteracts a lazy behavior.
We recommend reading: What Does Jock Itch Feel Like?
What the Bible says about overcoming laziness?
How do I stop being so insecure?
How to Stop Being Insecure and Build Self-Esteem
 - Affirm your value.
 - Prioritize your needs.
 - Embrace the awkward.
 - Challenge your thoughts.
 - Keep good company.
 - Step away.
 - Reflect on the good.
 - Make time for joy.
Can a lazy person be successful?
Many other great people were said to be incredibly lazy including Einstein, Newton, Picasso, Mendeleev and others. Nevertheless, they managed to achieve unbelievable success and become well-known all over the world. That proves lazy people can actually go far. And laziness can be a great advantage.


The Magazine of The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
Christian youth clubs
Three ways for parents to gain a better understanding of their youth's involvement
Church and home aren't the only places that help frame a child's faith formation. In many communities across the country, Christian student groups and after-school clubs also are factors that shape the growing faith of middleand high-school students.
Some parents applaud these groups — such as Young Life, WyldLife, Fellowship of Christian Athletes and others — as welcomed additions to their children's spiritual and social lives. These organizations can spark friendships, rekindle a youth's fledging interest in faith and provide a wider, more ecumenical view of Christian life.
But other moms or dads aren't as convinced. "Parents sometimes get concerned when their kids take an active interest in these groups because they don't really know what they're all about and what happens at their gatherings," said Ed Kay, who leads youth and family initiatives as an assistant to the bishop of the Delaware-Maryland Synod, which includes about 180 congregations and worshiping communities. "They're not so sure what their kids are going to learn and come home talking about."
The rest of this article is only available to subscribers.
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August issue
AUGUST issue:
Doing more with less


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People who are stressed out are more likely to lapse back into easy habits rather than to work toward their goals, and now researchers say they may know why.
Healthy study participants who took stress hormone pills were more likely to keep performing the same task, which earned them chocolate as a reward, even after they'd had their fill, whereas people given a placebo changed their course and worked harder to earn a different treat.
Brain images of the "stressed out" participants suggested that the interaction of two stress hormones — cortisol and adrenaline — lowered the activity of brain regions involved in goal-directed behavior. The hormones didn't affect brain regions involved in habitual behaviors.
"This impairment of the goal-directed system produces habit behavior," and is likely to hamper people's abilities to make changes in their behavior, the researchers wrote in their study published July 25 in the Journal of Neuroscience.
Stress, chocolate milk and orange juice
The study involved 69 healthy, normal-weight university students. Researchers screened the students to make sure they liked orange juice and chocolate milk, which were used as rewards in the study. Participants were divided into four groups: one group took hydrocortisone pills, which raise cortisol levels; another group took a drug called yohimbine, which raises the body's adrenaline levels; a third group took both drugs; and a fourth was given a placebo.
To test the hormones' effects, participants were given a computer task that involved selecting certain symbols, and were rewarded for completing it by being allowed to eat as much of one treat — either oranges or chocolate pudding — as they wanted.
This at-will consumption "weakens the value of the reward," said study researcher Lars Schwabe, a cognitive psychology researcher at Ruhr-University Bochum in Germany. For example, people who eat as much chocolate pudding as they want lose their attraction to cocoa, he said. The same happens to those who eat a lot of oranges — they lose their appetite for orange juice.
Participants were then given a new computer task, in which they could keep up their old habit — selecting the same symbols as in the first task, and earn a very similar treat (chocolate milk or orange juice) — or they could select different symbols, which was a harder task, and earn a new treat.
Results showed that participants who received the placebo were satisfied with one treat, and worked toward earning the other. Additionally, those treated with one hormone but not the other showed this goal-directed behavior.
But for those treated with both stress hormones, satiation had no effect. Participants who had eaten chocolate pudding, for example, opted for the easier task of continuing to select the same symbols, and earning themselves chocolate milk.
MRIs of these participants' brains showed reduced activity in two regions, called the orbitofrontal cortex and the medial prefrontal cortex, linked with goal-directed behaviors. In contrast, brain regions important in habitual learning were similarly active in all participants.
Stress and addiction
The results may explain not only why many people return to unhealthy habits when they are stressed, but also one reason why people with addictions tend to relapse.
"It is well known that stress is a major risk factor for addiction, particularly for relapse to addictive behavior," the researchers wrote.
The finding that two hormones are involved in reducing brain activity needed for goal-directed behavior has implications for how people with addiction disorders may be treated, they said.
Pass it on: Stress makes it easier to fall back into old habits because it reduces the brain's ability to work toward goals.Copyright 2012 MyHealthNewsDaily, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Merging Customer Records
Maintaining your customer list accurately is paramount to utilizing SuperSalon's customer history and customer retention reporting. We now have an efficient and accessible customer merge utility for salon level employees to utilize.
- Merging multiple customer records for a single customer.
- Merging an online check in customer (if they used a different phone number) with an existing customer record.
- Merging customer records with incomplete information (multiple Mike Smith records, for example).
Merging Customer Records step-by-step
- Create a new ticket.
- Search for a customer name with duplicate records.
- Select the Customer Merge button.
- Select the duplicate customer records you want to merge (the customers will be highlighted blue when selected) and press Next.
- Select the master customer record (the customer will be highlighted blue when selected), this is the customer record that will remain after merging, and press Next.
- Validate the master customer record is correct and update or make adjustments as needed. Hit the Save button when complete.
- Success! Your selected customer records are now merged into the customer you selected as your master customer. Press Ok and you're done.


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Diving into the world of real estate investment in Houston, even without a substantial cash reserve, might seem like a daunting endeavor. The common misconception is that financial limitations equate to closed doors. However, seasoned investors have a few hidden tactics up their sleeves, allowing them to navigate the real estate market without relying solely on their cash reserves. Let's explore three pro secrets that can empower you to make deals in Houston's real estate market, even without immediate access to significant funds.
Secret #1: Seller Financing – Unlocking Creative Options
The traditional image of real estate transactions involves exchanging a sum of money for ownership rights. Yet, an alternative avenue exists – one that often goes unnoticed. Enter seller financing, a strategy that mirrors a mortgage but eliminates the need for a traditional bank.
Seller financing involves negotiating terms with the seller, where you make regular monthly payments directly to them until the property is fully paid off. This approach is a win-win: sellers receive a steady income stream, and you gain access to an investment property without a hefty upfront payment. The key lies in initiating conversations with sellers about this option, as many might not realize it's a viable choice. This creative approach expands your investment potential beyond the confines of your immediate cash resources.
Secret #2: Bartering – A Creative Exchange of Value
Innovative solutions often arise from thinking outside the conventional framework. When faced with a situation where funds are limited, consider the art of bartering. Imagine a scenario where a homeowner wishes to downsize and retire. Instead of a straightforward monetary transaction, explore alternative arrangements.
For instance, if you own a small apartment building, propose the idea of them moving into one of your units, with the funds earmarked for purchasing their property redirected toward rent. Alternatively, offer your services in lieu of a portion of the purchase price. Whether it's assisting with moving, cleaning, or renovations, finding common ground can open doors to investment opportunities that would have otherwise remained closed.
Secret #3: Partnering for Success with OPM
The concept of "Other People's Money" (OPM) is a potent strategy employed by savvy investors. This method involves identifying a lucrative deal and then partnering with individuals who have the capital but lack the time, expertise, or inclination to seek out opportunities themselves. As the intermediary, you facilitate the acquisition, creating a mutually beneficial arrangement.
For instance, if you locate a promising property, connect with a potential investor who has the financial resources. Collaboratively, you structure the deal, allowing them to fund the investment while you contribute by identifying and managing the property. The returns generated are then shared between you based on the terms you agree upon. This strategy not only unlocks access to investments without substantial cash but also capitalizes on the strengths of both parties involved.
By embracing these three insider secrets, a world of real estate investment opportunities unfolds in Houston. These strategies exemplify the ingenuity and flexibility that thrive in the realm of real estate, showcasing that with the right approach, financial constraints need not hinder your journey to becoming a successful investor.


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Lua does not support classes the way that languages like C++, Java and ActionScript do. But Lua is a multi-paradigm language and have roots from prototype-based languages. In Lua, each object can define its own behaviour through metatables. Therefore, it is possible to emulate OO programming and classes in Lua.
(For the detailed discussion of object oriented programming in Lua, please refer to _URL_
Gideros follows the same paradigm in its API design. Each instance created by Gideros API is a Lua table with a metatable attached.
Instances in Gideros is created through
new function. For example, to create
Bitmap and a
local sprite = Sprite.new() local texture = Texture.new("image.png") local bitmap = Bitmap.new(texture) local timer = Timer.new(1000, 0)
Core.class function is used to create your own classes through inheritance. You
can create your own classes like:
MyClass = Core.class()
or inherit from Gideros API's own classes (
Sprite, etc.). For example, you can create your EventDispatcher class as:
MyEventDispatcher = Core.class(EventDispatcher)
By using Inheritance, you can design and implement the visual elements of your game separately:
StartButton = Core.class(Sprite) -- create your own start button class Menu = Core.class(Sprite) -- create your own menu class Player = Core.class(Sprite) -- create your own player class function Player:walk() -- walk logic end function Player:jump() -- jump logic end stage:addChild(Player.new()) -- create and add a player instance to the stage
When an instance is created,
init function is called to do the initialization:
Player = Core.class(Sprite) function Player:init() -- do the initialization of Player instance self.health = 100 self.speed = 3 end local player = Player.new() -- after Player instance is created, init function is called
Whether to use inheritance or not is related to your programming taste. It's possible to implement a whole game without creating custom classes. You can refer to "Jumping Ball" and "Jumping Balls" examples to see the difference between designing your code with classes or not.


- Illumination
 Illuminate features & make defects visible
Lighting for industrial machine vision
Lighting plays a major role for industrial machine vision: Not the object itself, but only the visual image of the object is checked! It follows that only homogeneous lighting conditions result in a consistent image of the same inspection object. Fluctuating light conditions are therefore to be avoided at all costs!
Ideally, the lighting is used so that a perfect light-dark contrast is created:
Direct frontlight illumination
Direct frontlight illumination
Surface partly very bright but overexposed, partly dark due to total reflection.
Diffuse dom light illumination
Diffuse dom light illumination
Surface smoothly illuminated due to homogeneous incident light.
Dark field illumination
Dark field illumination
Lateral edges are very bright. Scratches and dust are visible.
Backlight illumination
Backlight illumination
Part appears only as black silhouette. No surface information, contures ideal for measurement applications.
Only if it is possible to visualize the desired test characteristics or errors with enough contrast, these can then be evaluated with the image processing software. Usually the object is illuminated by an external light source. This principle sounds very trivial, but the practice reveals that it is one of the main difficulties of industrial machine vision to make the error in the object visible at all for the camera.
Some examples to illustrate the difficulties
 - Imagine a transparent glass bottle, the embossed font in the bottom of which is supposed to be read. Test object and features are of the same material, and, what is more, they are transparent! The same applies to many embossed fonts on flat material surfaces.
 - A scratch on a metallic surface, too, does often not cause any further alterations but a notch which has to be detected. Again a test situation where, in spite of the identical material, an error must be detected. The same applies to embossments and mouldings in materials.
Diffuse incident light
Diffuse incident light
Diffuse light causes matte surfaces with low contrast of stamped font
Dark field
Dark field
Low angle illumination causes emphasis on the edges and instamped font
The key role plays the light with its interaction in a functional chain of illumination, test object, filter, lens and camera:
Interaction between electromagnetic radiation and objects
Interference and surface effects illumination
Major factors influencing the image
Light Inspected part
Wavelength (colour)
Direct / diffuse
polarised / unpolarised
Angle of incidence
Surface, structure
Monochrome - / colour sensor
CCD - / CMOS technology
Dynamics and sensitivity
As the object characteristics of inspected part cannot or can only hardly be influenced, the object determines the illumination and the camera! The camera, in turn, defines the optics due to its working distance and mount, due to its data format and data rate it also determines the image acquisition card.
It is therefore worthwhile to concentrate on light and its interactions with material and camera!
Partner & Network
European Imaging Academy
Machine Vision 4 Users


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Izhak Golan, Ran El-Yaniv
We consider the problem of anomaly detection in images, and present a new detection technique. Given a sample of images, all known to belong to a ''normal'' class (e.g., dogs), we show how to train a deep neural model that can detect out-of-distribution images (i.e., non-dog objects). The main idea behind our scheme is to train a multi-class model to discriminate between dozens of geometric transformations applied on all the given images. The auxiliary expertise learned by the model generates feature detectors that effectively identify, at test time, anomalous images based on the softmax activation statistics of the model when applied on transformed images. We present extensive experiments using the proposed detector, which indicate that our algorithm improves state-of-the-art methods by a wide margin.


Top-Notch Infant Care Specialists In Colorado
Top-Notch Infant Care Specialists In Colorado
Our little one's medical care must be focused on a compassionate, attentive, and comprehensive understanding of the particular health problems affecting newborns and children. At Westmed Family Healthcare, Colorado, the Westminster infant care specialists are highly-qualified and experienced in the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatments for little ones. From conditions such as high blood sugar and obesity to the common cold, they guarantee parents specialty care for their infant's health. To schedule an appointment, call, or schedule online.
What is Infant Care?
Infant care is medical attention for children and infants. It is centered on the health complications common in infants and enhancing their overall health wellness. Also, it focuses on child development and growth. Since babies grow and develop fast, the Westmed Family Healthcare specialists conduct follow-up patient care to every infant they attend to.
Different infants will respond differently to the environment, illness, and treatments, depending on several factors, such as overall health, age, family, or past medical history. The team of infant care specialists at Westmed Family Healthcare provides numerous and active testing and screening alternatives, vaccinations, and medications to keep the babies healthy during their growth and development.
What are the Most Prevalent Health Issues Affecting Infants?
Some of the most prevalent health issues in infants are also common in adults. These problems include obesity, infections, insulin intolerance, or high blood sugar. Typically, these particular infections will have a more significant effect on the child than adults because their immune system is weaker, and they are small in stature. Nevertheless, some health issues, such as ear infections or tonsillitis, are more common in infants than adults.
Pulmonary Medicine | Providing Care For Lung Disease
What is the Significance of Infant Care?
Infant care is very delicate. Hence, it requires trained specialists with both skill and knowledge in the specific and unique care of children. Depending on the child's age, the providers at Westmed Family Healthcare will emphasize pediatric patient education. This patient education is centered on better lifestyle choices and how to maintain excellent overall health.
The providers work closely with the infant's parents to help reduce the risk of any chronic diseases that might affect their babies and improve their emotional and physical health, not forgetting their social and behavioral concerns. All these factors have a direct impact on the overall health and wellness of the newborn. The physicians at Westmed Family Healthcare understand the need to pay attention to the newborn's emotional state and see that they are healthy and stable.
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Or that Alaska Air already uses it on all its planes..
 - Using it, does not mean you rely on it...
 Relying on it means: if it is broken you are completely lost and don't know what to do and where to go.
 This is simply not the case.
 - Planes and Ships don't rely on GPS.
 They don't HAVE to use it but in actual practice they most certainly do rely heavily on GPS. It's the best system available so of course they rely on it.
 Just because people are trained to do without GPS in case of problems doesn't mean they don't rely on it in actual daily practice.
 - The word rely implies: "you can not without".
 However they can. That was my point, so the TFA is either wrong or the summary is wrong.
 E.g. my body functions rely on a working pancreas for insuline (or on insulin injections). I can not live without insulin. Hence I rely on it.
 As a navigator on a ship you are required to crosscheck your positions with non GPS means.
 That is either si
 - by dj245 (732906)
 Having gone to a maritime school, a lot of my friends are on the bridge of large ships. A lot.
 They can go without it, but GPS is so easy, convenient, and reliable that they basically rely on it. Shooting the stars with a sextant is relegated to trainees and practicing for the various exams which are required to be promoted to second mate, first mate, and finally master.
 - So they don't use landmarks, no signals like lighthouses no depthsfinders etc?
 How exactly should it work to drive by GPS?
 You don't plot your course on a map? Or if you do and your GPS tells you you are left, you steer more right?
 That means you don't use a compass to define your heading? You don't know what the "missdirection" of your compass is in your sailing area? You don't know the influence of your ship/boat on your compass?
 Sorry, to pilot a boat with GPS only is simply retarded. Regardless how convenie
 - by PvtVoid (_PHONE_) on Sunday December 09, 2012 _USER_:08PM (#42238417)
 What the fuck is with the science press in Britain / Australia about the word "boffins"? Why does every single science article, without fail, have to have some supposedly clever pun or alliteration around the word? (Extra points for using the word astro-boffins [theregister.co.uk].)
 I've gotten to the point that if I see the word "boffins" in a science article, I immediately click away. Please make it stop!
 - I don't know, I can't imagine el Reg without the gratuitous use of the word. It fits the tone of the tech rag quite nicely, I think.
 - Why is that any different to researcher or expert or scientist? They are just as useless or even less useful terms
 It is an Australian article using "Australian English" or "British English"... the term is well understood to define an academic/researcher with a very strong but narrow focus in a typical theoretical area.
 It is no more problematic than terms like futurist (who has a broader focus) or your typical engineer/scientist labels (for those who are more problem solving focused).
 - by grcumb (781340)
 Because if it didn't exist, the tech pundits wouldn't know how to tell the gurus from the wonks.
 Vocabulary: Get used to it.
 - by Inda (580031)
 Fuck yeah bro!
 We should'll use words like, you know, axed, irregardless, regift, and toileting.
 Those limies and convicts should speak like they know the good words like, you know, compartmentalize, operationalize, overexaggerate, professionalization, rationalize, utilize
 Make them special people talk good, ya'll.
 - by holophrastic (221104) on Sunday December 09, 2012 _USER_:09PM (#42238423)
 heh, "unnamed" drones.
 - by PPH (736903) on Sunday December 09, 2012 _USER_:17PM (#42238469)
 Also known as a HARM [wikipedia.org] target.
 - by viperidaenz (_PHONE_) on Sunday December 09, 2012 _USER_:21PM (#42238491)
 Some poor bugger drives to the wrong destination.
 GPS isn't trusted. It's already known to be hackable.
 It would be news if they hacked the anti-spoofing [wikipedia.org] system the military has been using for the last 6 years
 - Novel attack... demoed at TEDxAustin back in February and posted online for everyone to see ;-) _URL_ [ted.com]
 - by tylerni7 (944579)
 The TEDxAustin talk you mentioned is focused on GPS spoofing to make a receiver think that it is somewhere else. Spoofing in that sense has been around for a long time, and while it is very cool and everything, it isn't what is novel about this paper/attack.
 This paper goes from just making a GPS receiver think it is located somewhere else to actually exploiting software vulnerabilities in GPS receivers to cause them to crash and things like that. The attacks are related, but the position based spoofing i
 - send in 007
 - Isn't this exactly why the P-Code is encrypted in the military signal? Spoofing the C/A data has been a known vulnerability in the system since day 1. The rest of the problems are simply bad programmers. That's not a limitation or vulnerability in the GPS system - it's a problem with the receiver manufacturers and the BS test & validation done by the civilian side of the government when they put those receivers in the CORS stations. I saw the code in some of the old reference receivers (in the 90s) - it
 - For me "middle of the earth" attack was a new and interesting idea... otherwise this paper would have read a heck of a lot better had the hyperbole been left at home.
 The contorted attempt to say changing time is not "spoofing" or including offtopic segways such as hacking web servers and perl CGI scripts was a little too much to stomach.
 No mention at all of RAIM and similiar technologies.
 - Geez, these guys were unable to find $50 GPS jammers on Alibaba?
 - is what the Navy and the rest of the Military/Covert Ops use they are sorely misled. In fact, general researchers would be required to have top secret classified clearance and most certainly would not be publishing their findings. NASA has several levels of GPS solutions. We lowly consumers use very old tech for GPS/GIS.
 - Are receivers for other global positioning systems like Galileo and GLONASS also vulnerable to these attacks? If so, is it too late (or even possible in theory) to fix the problem in those systems, given that they aren't fully online or in widespread use yet?
 - by ceoyoyo (59147)
 You can fix the problem in your GPS receiver by plugging it into your computer and flashing the firmware. Or buying another one, if the company ever stops being lazy and fixes their software bug.
 GPS receiver software has bugs just like any other computer system. Who woulda thought?
 - I can't fucking believe it. Do you mean to tell me that if you have a receiver tuned to a certain frequency, and you have a transmitter on that same frequency, then you can transmit information from the transmitter to the receiver?
 Top it off though! If you have not one but two - TWO transmitters, and one is vastly more powerful than the other, then you can get the receiver to receive the stronger one over the weaker one?
 Completely fucking amazing, if you ask me. I had no idea you could do something like tha
 - Bump keys [wikipedia.org] can be used to unlock just about any door, and yet crime statistics remain in line and have even been dropping in many parts of the world since the Internet has raised their profile in recent years.
 This would be more interesting if someone were droning my neighborhood, but some of the hacks took days, not minutes to perform (and as others pointed out, affects individual receivers, not the entire system). Hardly a James Bond villain level of manipulation.
 - Almost. The manipulation is irrelevant.
 Proper summary should be, "In other news, shitty software is shitty." THAT aspect is interesting, largely because few people realize how shitty most of it is, nor where that shittiness is found, vs. where we expect that shittiness should not be. That you can brick a receiver with a divide by zero in a cached almanac... the genius pool at $GPSCO being of THAT quality may be news to most.
 - And now we can say it wasn't our fault...


text:
Masking by Moving: Learning Distraction-Free Radar Odometry from Pose Information
Proceedings of the Conference on Robot Learning, PMLR 100:303-316, 2020.
This paper presents an end-to-end radar odometry system which delivers robust, real-time pose estimates based on a learned embedding space free of sensing artefacts and distractor objects. The system deploys a fully differentiable, correlation-based radar matching approach. This provides the same level of interpretability as established scan-matching methods and allows for a principled derivation of uncertainty estimates. The system is trained in a (self-)supervised way using only previously obtained pose information as a training signal. Using 280km of urban driving data, we demonstrate that our approach outperforms the previous state-of-the-art in radar odometry by reducing errors by up 68% whilst running an order of magnitude faster.


Geometry Skills with 'Pyramid Panic'
Updated 4 months ago by Livia Silvestre
Age 8-14
 - Calculate length in a straight line
 - Measurement in circles - diameter and radius
 - Measurement in rectangles and triangles - length and perimeter
 - Calculate length in rectilinear shapes
Use your measurement skills to correctly calculate the length of the red line, in various shapes including rectangles, triangles, circles and rectilinear shapes.
 1. Calculate the measurement of the red line
 2. Click anywhere on the screen to reveal the number line to input your answer
 3. Drag your mouse to the correct answer, then 'click'
 4. If you correctly calculate the length, then you swing across to safety. Where another measurement puzzle needs to be answered.
You have 3 lives - a life is lost with every incorrect answer.
For each level, beat the target score to earn a medal (Bronze, Silver, Gold)
 - Target score >>> 160-279 points (B), 280-399 points (S), 400+ points (G)
Scoring calculation
The score is calculated as follows:
 - BASE SCORE - 10 points per correct answer
 - DIFFICULTY LEVEL. There are 3 difficulty levels:
 - Easy (x1) - 10 points
 - Medium (x2) - 20 points
 - Hard (x4) - 40 points
 - SPEED BONUS - answer the question in under 3 seconds and receive a bonus 3 points
 - DIFFICULTY BONUS. At the end of the bonuses are awarded for reaching different difficulties.
 - medium difficulty - 50 points
 - hard difficulty - 100 points
 - LIFE BONUS - for not losing any lives in the level - 50 points
Learn how to assign a game activity here.
How Did We Do?


text:
Glimpses of Medieval Birmingham
A medieval oven was found in Sutton Coldfield town centre during a dig before an office on Coleshill Street near Holy Trinity church was extended. It is oval, about 1.2 metres across, and was constructed in a hollow by building up a clay wall into a dome on a framework of twigs. The clay was hardened by firing. The oven had collapsed but still contained charred rye grains. Pottery fragments show that the oven dates to the 13th or 14th centuries. The oven would have been in the back yard of a house. The house would have been timber, so there was always a fire risk and it made a lot of sense to have the oven outside. The oven could have been used for baking bread, drying grain or malting grain to make ale.
Primrose Hill Farm in Meadowsweet Road is a 15th century timber framed building consisting of a hall with a cross-wing running at right angles to its east end. A small excavation to the east of the hall revealed a stone sill wall constructed of large sandstone blocks, which could have been the base for a former timber cross-wing to the house matching that at the other end, resulting in an H plan.
At Maxwell Avenue in Handsworth a small excavation investigated a medieval moat shown on 18th century maps. Although the moat itself was not found, pieces of sandstone reused in a more recent structure are from a low wall under a timber building, to keep the timbers off the ground and prevent rotting. There were also a few pieces of medieval pottery.
The present Pool Hall, in Sutton Coldfield near the city boundary and in the medieval hamlet of Over Green, is a 19th century building, but Pool Hall was first mentioned in the 17th century. It may originally have been surrounded by a moat, like Hermitage Farm nearby. Excavations in advance of construction of an extension revealed that the present building overlay a medieval building, whose remains consisted of the dressed sandstone footing for a timber-framed wall. A ditch, presumably a field or property boundary, ran up to the wall footing. Pottery found on the site ranges in date from the 12th to 19th centuries. The medieval pottery was made in the Coventry and Nuneaton areas.
.Medieval Acocks Green
Trenches were dug in a car park on Warwick Road to investigate a medieval moated site as part of an upcoming planning application. Part of the moat is indicated by an L-shaped pond on 19th century maps, but nothing is now visible above ground. Further information about moated sites can be found in the leaflet below.
The trenches revealed a pebble surface which may have been a yard or path, a pit and part of the moat, which had a channel leading into it to keep it water-filled. Further excavation will take place before development of the site.
Last Updated: 16th August 2012


text:
Fundamentals of Liquid Crystal Devices
This price is valid for United States. Change location to view local pricing and availability.
Other Available Formats: E-book
This inter-disciplinary book is intended as an introductory guide to the fundamental properties of liquid crystals and their applications in display and photonic devices, providing a basic understanding of the physics, optics, electro-optics, and material aspects for state-of-the-art display and photonic devices.
Fundamentals of Liquid Crystal Devices includes:
- A comprehensive overview of LCDs including liquid crystal physics, electro-optical properties, simulation techniques and display and photonic applications.
- Numerous examples and case studies, solved problems and challenging homework conundrums starting with basic physics and gradually introducing advanced device concepts and structures.
- The principles for designing advanced specialist transmissive, reflective, and transflective liquid crystal displays.
- Chapters on emerging technologies such as tuneable liquid crystal photonic devices including laser beam steering, light switches for telecommunication and tunable-focus lenses.
Fundamentals of Liquid Crystal Devices is a valuable resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students following display systems courses, who will benefit from its systematic approach. The introduction of advanced device concepts and structures means that display engineers, scientists, and technicians active in the field can also utilise this unique resource, as can developers of a wide range of systems and applications.
The Society for Information Display (SID) is an international society, which has the aim of encouraging the development of all aspects of the field of information display. Complementary to the aims of the society, the Wiley-SID series is intended to explain the latest developments in information display technology at a professional level. The broad scope of the series addresses all facets of information displays from technical aspects through systems and prototypes to standards and ergonomics


that people in lower-income countries will work their way out of poverty if they are given the opportunities.
Needs driven
According to HR&S, a needs driven programme is a programme that meets a need defined by the person or persons who are expected to benefit from the change, who according to the HR&S approach also will be the implementer of the activities in actual practice and who will make the programme sustainable long-term. Thus, a needs driven programme builds on the ambitions of the implementer and is defined as a set of activities identified, designed, implemented and maintained by one or more Target partners. If the Programme is needs driven, actually, then the Target partner Customer will be willing to pay for products and services delivered, thus the Programme will eventually have a sustainable economy.
Exit strategy
Expected Impact
We define Expected Impact a programme that have become sustainable over time and does not require further backup from an external stakeholder. The Expected impact is measured at the time of closing the programme. We may in addition aim to measure if our impact is still sustainable some period after we have closed the programme, maybe one, two, five and event ten years after. In order to be able to expect impact, we benefit from the HR&S evaluation planning practical strategy ROPE.
Real-time Outcome Planning & Evaluation (ROPE)
The Real-time Outcome Planning & Evaluation (ROPE) is a practical strategy that enables local developers to implement their solutions in collaboration with international partners. We compile and address the necessary conditions required to bring about a given impact. A new ROPE programme starts with setting a goal and developing indicators to measure results. Then we develop an implementation plan, we secure finances, staff, and infrastructure, then we ensure knowledge sharing, the accounting procedures and the cross-cultural understanding. Thereafter we make an activity plan and assign people and institutions; who will do what, how and when. Now we implement, and after we measure the results and analyse. Thereafter we complement with what did not go well until we reach the goal we set up in the beginning.
Programme design
The programme idea shall take into account what has already been implemented in relation to the programme idea, and by whom? What can be strengthened and how? Who are potential Strategic partners? There shall also be a justification for taking an initiative in the context. Do we have the institutional capacity? Do we see an opportunity for a sustainable economy? What would be the honest motivation for the Programme management partners to take this initiative on? We present the Context and challenge addressed. Programme idea is often a narrative of the replies to the questions: i) "What do you want to do?", ii) "How do you want to do it?", iii) Why did you not do it already?" iv) "Which are the country and local authority regulations?", v) "Which are the surrounding policies?", vi) "How do you plan to reach a sustainable economy / what is the business idea?".
Professional Ambitions
This section explains what the target partner has identified as the solution to her situation. What she wants to do and achieve right now in her life. What are the goals of the Target Partners? It is the answer to the question "What do you want (to do)?"
Outcome challenges: Here we discuss in general the challenges that the Target partner face. This is a compilation of the reasons for why the Target Partners are not doing what they want to do to implement their ambitions. It is the answer to the question "Why did you not do it already?".
Output & Outcome: The implementation plan of the Target partner presents what she wants to do in actual practice. What are the actual activities and steps in order to achieve her ambitions? What needs to be done in actual practice making it happen. It is the answer to the question "How do you want to do it?"
Progress markers & Sources of Evidence
Then we identify a Progress marker for each outcome. Progress markers are measurable indicators of progress or non-progress. We compile the baseline, thus the situation prior to implementing our programme. Thereafter we identify sources of evidence for each progress marker and outcome and for the expected impact. Then we identify the statistical method chosen to measure progress together with the objects for collecting evidence and controls.
Activity plan & Input required
It is now time to develop a concrete activity plan which defines who is going to do what, when and how. The activity plan will identify the needs for input including; staff, skills, training, work hours, network, and funds.
Strategy for Change
The last step in the ROPE Design is to develop a Strategy for Change (SfC). A Strategy for Change is essentially a comprehensive description and illustration of how and why a desired change is expected to happen in a particular context.
Implement the Activity plan
The implementation of the activity plan includes for example; Evaluation planning workshops; Seeking Start-up funding, and collecting evidence.
Collect evidence
Expected outcome and impact – Compile evidence for each expected outcome and each expected impact. Unexpected outcome and impact: Identify and compile unexpected outcome. It can be positive and it can be negative – Unexpected output and outcome challengesIdentify and compile unexpected challenges.
Testing the strength of Evidence for Impact
The evaluations are made real-time and the purpose is learning lessons.
Evaluation planning & Conclusions
The lessons learned are compiled and constitutes the platform for the evaluation planning. The programme strategy is adjusted in relation to the lessons learned. When reaching the expected impact, the programme can be concluded and the previous partners become Strategic partners. A new collaboration may be initiated later. We also take it as an important responsibility to share our lessons learned.
Evidence based impact (TestE)
We design surveys and measure progress in relation to outcome and income according to the HR&S impact assessment practical strategy Testing the strength of scientific evidence for impact (TestE).
Micro data survey design
Quantitative analysis – Statistical method
Basic statistics: The basic assumption to be made is that a set of data, obtained under the same conditions, has a normal or Gaussian distribution. The primary parameters used are the mean (or average) and the standard deviation, and the main tools F-test for precision, t-Tests for bias, Linear correlation and regression and Analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Simple comparison: With randomized evaluations, the simplest method is to measure the average outcome of the targeted group and compare it to the average outcome of the control group. The difference represents the programme's impact. To determine whether this impact is statistically significant, one can test the equality of means, using a simple t-test. One of the many benefits of randomized evaluations is that the impact can be measured without advanced statistical techniques.
Propagation of errors: The final result of a Programme is calculated from several activities (outputs) performed during the implementation and the total error in a programme is an adding-up of the sub-errors made in the various steps. The bias and precision of the whole Programme are usually relevant parameters.
Qualitative assessment – Probability methods
With qualitative assessments, and contrary to statistical methods, the quality of the evidence is not judged by the sample size (the number of observations) but rather the probability of observing certain pieces of evidence. Qualitative impact evaluation includes assessing the contribution made by a particular intervention in achieving one or more outcomes, commonly referred to as a 'contribution claim'. TestE benefit from process tracing to assess our Strategy for Change and from contribution tracing to examine the contribution by external stakeholders. We also address Team operations, Costbenefit, Needs driven, Equal partnership and Unexpected effects.
Study sample
i)Ensure that the person asked is representative for the group, and that we would expect the same answer if we asked someone else,
ii) reflect over if the results of our randomized evaluations is generalizable to other contexts.
Simple randomized evaluations: impact evaluations that are scientifically sound usually compares outcomes of those (individuals, communities, etc.) who participated in the programme against those who did not participate.
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