text:
asa - interpret carriage-control characters
asa [file...]
The asa utility will write its input files to standard output, mapping carriage-control characters from the text files to line-printer control sequences in an implementation-dependent manner.
The first character of every line will be removed from the input, and the following actions will be performed:
If the character removed is:
- The rest of the line will be output without change.
- A newline character will be output, then the rest of the input line.
- One or more implementation-dependent characters that causes an advance to the next page will be output, followed by the rest of the input line.
- The newline character of the previous line will be replaced with one or more implementation-dependent characters that causes printing to return to column position 1, followed by the rest of the input line. If the "+" is the first character in the input, it will have the same effect as the space character.
The action of the asa utility is unspecified upon encountering any character other than those listed above as the first character in a line.
- A pathname of a text file used for input. If no file operands are specified, the standard input will be used.
The standard input will be used only if no file operands are specified. See the INPUT FILES section.
The input files must be text files.
The following environment variables affect the execution of asa:
- Provide a default value for the internationalisation variables that are unset or null. If LANG is unset or null, the corresponding value from the implementation-dependent default locale will be used. If any of the internationalisation variables contains an invalid setting, the utility will behave as if none of the variables had been defined.
- If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the other internationalisation variables.
- Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data as characters (for example, singleas opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments and input files).
- Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error.
- Determine the location of message catalogues for the processing of LC_MESSAGES.
The standard output will be the text from the input file modified as described in the DESCRIPTION section.
The following exit values are returned:
- All input files were output successfully.
- An error occurred.
The following command:permits the viewing of file (created by a program using FORTRAN-style carriage control characters) on a terminal.
The following command:formats the FORTRAN output of a.out and directs it to the printer.
a.out | asa | lp


text:
USS ARIZONA MEMORIAL
Submerged Cultural Resources Study:
USS Arizona and Pearl Harbor National Historic Landmark
Chapter IV: Biofouling And Corrosion Study
Corrosion and Steel Fabric Thickness Study
Twelve stations were selected on hull and superstructure surfaces that had access to metal edges (Figure 4.8). At each station, divers used a claw hammer to chip away a few square inches of fouling growth and corrosion from both sides of the metal edge to expose shiny metal. Observations were then made of the thicknesses of dense fouling, black and grey oxides, and shiny steel that were visible in the exposed end sections.
These measurements were made in order to permit future corrosion engineers to estimate corrosion rates at those locations. Metal thicknesses of the steel fabric at the specific locations will have to be obtained from drawings/specifications of the ship that show its condition immediately prior to 1945. Those thicknesses can then be compared to the thicknesses obtained in later observations to estimate the amount of steel loss that has occurred.
It is recognized that surfaces on or near exposed edges might be affected by edge events that could alter measurements of corrosion, in other words, yielding higher corrosion rates than would occur on large-area flat surfaces. However, since sampling removal of metal pieces from flat areas was not allowed, it was decided to examine the edge corrosion to allow at least a worst-case estimation of corrosion rates.
Last Updated: 27-Apr-2001

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Pipeline Integrity Assessment
Pipeline integrity is an ever expanding theme.
New pipelines and piping are continuously being added to the worldwide set. And for this vast set of pipelines and piping: the clock is ticking. Conditions are continuously changing and pipelines are susceptible to various types of threats. Generally, these threats are corrosion, geohazards, third party damage, design flaws and incorrect operations. Even though it might be safe to operate now, what about next year? How long can it stand the test of time? What is the remaining quality of a pipeline; in other words: what is the integrity of the pipeline?
Key question of pipeline integrity is: Can we safely operate this pipeline?
Our operations consulting team builds on many years of experience in the field of pipeline and piping integrity.
The following keywords give an impression of the range of pipeline integrity services we offer:
- Pipeline Data Management (PDM)
- Defect Assessment
- Corrosion Risk Assessment
- IP-run Defect Matching
- Failure Mode & Effect Analysis (FMEA)
- Pipeline Integrity Assessment
- Vibration Induced Fatigue & Integrity Assessment of process pipework

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The two fundamental discrepancies between actual consolidation behavior of soils and that predicted by the Terzaghi consolidation theory were explained. Many implications of secondary compression phenomenon, including secondary settlement were explained and predicted by the law of compressibility. The proper role of compressibility with time was empirically established.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Civil and Structural Engineering
- Building and Construction
- Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology


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HomeAbout this siteHelpSearch this site The Library of Congress
Explore the States Hawaii
Photo of canoes with sails along shoreline
The canoes Mo'olele, Hawai'iloa and Hokule'a at Kualoa, Oahu, during the May 1995 sailing canoe gathering
Enlarge this image
Hawaiian Canoe
A Local Legacy
Have you ever been in a canoe? Can you imagine traveling across the ocean in one? When Captain James Cook asked, "How shall we account for this nation having spread itself to so many detached islands so widely disjoined from each other in every quarter of the Pacific Ocean?" as early as the 18th century, he was wondering specifically about the Polynesian people. How did they get to so many islands spread so far apart? Perhaps the answer lies in the Hawaiian canoe.
Canoes served several purposes for early Hawaiians. Can you guess what some of them might be? Smaller canoes were used for traveling around the islands, while larger canoes were used for long-distance traveling or warfare. Fishing was also done from canoes. And, just like today, canoes were used for sports and recreation.
Hawaiian canoes were made of acacia koa, a tree that is now very scarce. Canoes were historically built by master craftsmen who oversaw all aspects of the process, from selecting the trees to getting the boat into the water. Lashing, or binding, of the pieces of wood was done with coconut or vegetable fiber.
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About Local Legacies


text:
Karakteristik Responden Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Dengan Resiko Kaki Diabetik
Patients with diabetes mellitus have different characteristics such as age, sex, duration of suffering, work, and education which can affect the risk of diabetic foot so that it can be at 15% risk of having diabetic foot complications during his lifetime and 70% relapse in 5 years. Long-term complications of diabetes mellitus both microvascular and macrovascular can. causing insufficiency of blood flow to the legs, which leads to infection, ulcers and ends in amputation. Aim to find out the relationship between the characteristics of respondents with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the risk of diabetic foot. This type of research uses descriptive analytic with cross sectional design. Conducted from March to April 2018. The sample in this study amounted to 46 respondents who had not yet experienced diabetic foot ulcers, with Consecutive sampling technique. Data were collected by respondent characteristic questionnaires and screening of Inlow's 60 Second Foot Screen Screening Tool. Data analysis using Fisher's Exact Test was obtained by age (p = 0.002; OR = 21.88), gender (p = 0.047; OR = 5.40), duration of suffering (p = 0.042; OR = 6.22), work (p = 0.00, OR = 11.73) and education (p = 0.025; OR = 6.45) have a significant relationship with the risk of diabetic foot. The results showed that the characteristics of respondents (age, sex, duration of suffering, work and education) had a significant relationship with the risk of diabetic foot. It is expected that community nurses care more about screening diabetics, because the characteristics of sufferers can increase the risk of diabetic foot.


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If it wasn't for my horse... January 25, 2013 8:51 AMSubscribe
Why did men stop wearing high heels?* A History of High-Heeled Shoes. In the early 1700s, France's King Louis XIV (The Sun King) would often wear intricate heels decorated with miniature battle scenes. Called "Louis heels," they were often as tall as five inches. The king decreed that only nobility could wear heels that were colored red (les talons rogue) and that no one's heels could be higher than his own.


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The location of inelastic deformations in reinforced concrete bridge columns has been examined to simulate the nonlinear response of bridge columns and estimate the ultimate displacement capacity. In bridge columns, these nonlinear deformations generally occur over a finite hinge length. A model of hinging behavior in reinforced concrete bridge columns will help guide proportioning, detailing and drift estimates for performance-based design. Data was collected during the NEESR investigation of the seismic performance of four-span large-scale bridge systems at the University of Nevada Reno that details deformations in column hinging regions during response to strong shaking events. In order to evaluate the plastic hinging regions, a photogrammetric method was used to remotely track deformations of the concrete surface in the joint regions. The surface deformations and rotations of a reinforced concrete bridge column under dynamic loading has been examined and compared with the results obtained from traditional instruments.
This research utilized the experimental data from photogrammetry measurements of bridge column deformations to create a finite element model that realistically represents hinging behavior in a reinforced concrete bridge pier. The three dimensional finite element model of one column was defined with the cap beam on the top of the column and the footing system under the circular column using ABAQUS Finite Element software. The results of the FE model of the bridge column under dynamic loading were obtained and compared with the photogrammetric measurements as well as the data from the traditional instrumentations.
Two plastic hinge length expressions for reinforced concrete bridge columns under static and dynamic loadings have been developed by studying the available test results in the literature. Many of the previous tests were conducted using the static loading and for small-scale components. A few of the tests focused on bridge columns and dynamic loading. Expressions that have been developed to estimate the plastic hinge lengths have either been based on the maximum drift at the top of the column, or the spread of plasticity in the hinging regions. An expression to calculate the maximum drift capacity of a bridge column in double curvature has been derived by considering the deformations due to flexure as influenced by the definition of plastic hinge length (lp), and the bond-slip effect of the longitudinal reinforcement at the connections. Drift capacity of a bridge column, which corresponds to a 20% reduction in lateral load capacity on the descending branch of the response backbone curve, has been estimated using the new expression and compared with the results that were obtained from the earlier plastic hinge length expressions. The measured drift of the bridge column from the four-span large-scale bridge system test was also compared with the calculated responses from the expressions. The proposed equations provide the best estimate of plastic hinge length for reinforced concrete bridge columns.
Zeynep Firat Alemdar
Cite this work
Researchers should cite this work as follows:


Star (Clan)
Map Designation of a Clan Star
A Star is the basic building block of Clan military forces. It consists of five Points working together to provide the most firepower in a unit with the smallest logistical footprint.[1][2] A Star is commanded by a Star Commander.
BattleMech Stars[edit]
This formation consists of five OmniMechs or, in the case of garrison and some second-line units, five standard BattleMechs. At the Star level 'Mechs are organized together based on capabilities; grouping together 'Mechs of wildly varying weights, speeds, and offensive proficiencies is generally seen as an invitation for the enemy to divide them in the field.[3][4] However while Stars are defined by the weight composition of their Points in a way similar to 'Mech ratings - Light, Medium, Heavy and Assault - each type need not contain only 'Mechs of that weight rating. The following table shows shows the various compositions that are typically used. It is unusual for a Star to contain all four 'Mech weight ratings, and so is omitted here.[5]
Star Weight Composition
Light Star Medium Star Heavy Star Assault Star
5 Light 1 Light, 4 Medium 2 Medium, 3 Heavy 1 Medium, 2 Heavy, 2 Assault
4 Light, 1 Medium 5 Medium 1 Medium, 4 Heavy 4 Heavy, 1 Assault
3 Light, 2 Medium 4 Medium, 1 Heavy 5 Heavy 3 Heavy, 2 Assault
2 Light, 2 Medium, 1 Heavy 3 Medium, 2 Heavy 1 Medium, 3 Heavy, 1 Assault 2 Heavy, 3 Assault
AeroSpace Stars[edit]
Clan OmniFighter Stars consist of ten fighters and differ from 'Mech Stars in that mixed designs and weight classes are common. Medium-weight fighters dominate among the Clans' toumans along with lower-end heavyweight designs, although not to the exclusion of other weight types. Clan Naval Stars will contain five or six vessels, either WarShips, JumpShips or DropShips, often with an additional command vessel[3][4]
Armor Stars[edit]
Armor Stars consist of ten vehicles, but due to the Clans' prejudice against conventional armor these formations are commonly found in solahma or, more rarely, garrison units. Light and heavy-weight types are preferred, while medium-weight vehicles are particularly rare.[6][7]
Infantry Stars[edit]
Clan Infantry Stars can consist of either Elementals or conventional infantry. Elemental Stars consist of 25 Elementals and play a far more prominent role in Clan warfare than conventional infantry thanks to their Battle Armor. Conventional infantry Stars consist of 125 soldiers, but are largely solahma or freeborn units and rarely incorporated into the standard Clan order of battle.[6][7]
Mixed Stars[edit]
In general Stars which mix different unit types see their overall combat effectiveness severely weakened. One of the few exceptions to this rule is the strategic command Star, a formation first pioneered by Clan Wolf. It combines four Points of either OmniMechs or Elementals with an AeroSpace Point for reconnaissance and escort duty. The success of this formation has caused other Clans to adopt it, albeit in more limited numbers.[1][2]
 1. 1.0 1.1 Field Manual: Warden Clans, pg. 11-12
 2. 2.0 2.1 Field Manual: Crusader Clans, pg. 9-10
 3. 3.0 3.1 Field Manual: Warden Clans, pg. 10
 4. 4.0 4.1 Field Manual: Crusader Clans, pg. 8
 5. Total Warfare, pg. 265
 6. 6.0 6.1 Field Manual: Warden Clans, pg. 11
 7. 7.0 7.1 Field Manual: Crusader Clans, pg. 9


Pro Judging Tips: Q&A with Meat Judging Coach Jimmy Carter, Seymour, TX
February is iCEV Judging Month! In honor of iCEV Meat Judging Week, Jimmy Carter, Agricultural Science Teacher at Seymour High School, shares insights and tips on coaching meat judging.
Why do you feel participating on a judging team is so important for students? How does it bring students success in the future?
I feel participating on judging team(s) is important because of the critical thinking skills students begin to hone and continue to develop as they become more proficient. Students also learn how to be part of a team, and since our teams are small compared to competitive sports teams, they understand how important their role is on the team. They also realize that as teammates they have a responsibility to be the best they can be for the sake of the team.
Judging brings success in the future in the form of scholarships, awards, honors, FFA Degrees, collegiate judging and hopefully a desire to pursue a career in the field your are participating in or one that may be similar.
What are the important qualities of a judging team member?
The important qualities of a judging team member include: sacrifice, diligence, dedication, self-motivation, love of competition and hating defeat.
What advice do you have for students that might be interested in judging?
Give it a shot. The worst thing that can happen is you will learn awesome stuff and meet even more awesome people.
How do you prepare your students before each event?
I help prepare students for events by facilitating their needs. I like to focus on areas in which I feel or they feel they are weak. The real learning comes during and after the events.
How do you prepare students to give oral reasons?
Practice, practice, practice. Have them practice in front of as many people that make them nervous as much as possible. Another key is taking good notes that are accurate, specific, organized and to the point.
What advice do you give to struggling students?
If you commit to a team, any team, you have an obligation that is much bigger than just yourself. You must consider the needs of every team member and always do what is best for the betterment of the team.
What are some common challenges a judging team can face and how do you help your students overcome those challenges?
Time management/conflicts: Check all team members' schedules as early in the year as possible and avoid train wrecks that might occur down the road.
Team member compatibility: Sometimes we just have to work through our differences and focus on our goals. It takes all members working together in order to be successful.


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This article explains how to use the District Metered Areas tool in WaterGEMS and WaterCAD, to quickly generate District Metered Areas (DMA's) in your model.
A video demonstration is embedded further below.
Note: This tool is available starting with version 10.02.01.06. If you have an older version, please see the below section titled "Other Methods for DMA generation".
District Metered Areas or DMA's are areas in a water distribution network which are isolated from the whole of the system. This way the flows in and out of the DMA can be metered or quantified. DMA's provide a more accurate way of tracking water user and loss in the system. DMA's are created in such a way that they can be isolated from the system without adversely affecting the demands, pressures and supply for the rest of the system.
Some key points to consider while establishing a DMA;
The DMA tool in WaterGEMS and WaterCAD can help the user easily demarcate a DMA based on the user's defined criteria. DMA creation is an iterative process and this tool allows merging adjacent DMA's and controlling the user defined criteria for DMA creation.
Before the model is delineated into different DMA's the following points should be considered;
A typical workflow to begin DMA delineation would be as follows;
The District Metered Areas tool can be found under Analysis > Analysis Tools > More > District Metered Areas.
The DMA algorithm will create DMA's based on the boundaries specified. There are three types of elements which can serve as boundaries because they can be either closed or opened. These are;
Each of the above elements has an initial setting as "Boundary Candidate" under the property "DMA Status". The pipes however, have four different properties;
For pumps and valves there are only two states; "boundary candidate" and "boundary";
Once the District Metered Areas tool is selected the following dialog box opens up;
There are several toolbar commands at the top. Before the DMA algorithm is used for DMA demarcation, there are a few options you must consider before modeling. In the "Assign DMA Status" command, there is an option for "Initialize DMA Boundary Status". This option allows you to set your parameters for DMA creation. If you only want a particular element(s) to serve as boundaries you can define it so in this option; you can specify the same as an initial criterion for DMA demarcation. Basically, this option allows you to "globally edit" and assign the desired DMA status for an element. This is especially useful in cases where you know that a particular element type is supposed to be a "boundary" or a "boundary candidate".
With this initialization you can define default "DMA status" for the above elements based on your DMA generation requirements. In the snapshot above, pumps and pump batteries are considered as "Boundary" which means that these represent fixed DMA boundaries. Hence for the above case pumps or pump stations will act as DMA boundaries. However, this depends on your interpretation of a DMA. For a very large network some intermediate / intermittent / smaller pumps may be ignored if you are considering large metered areas and small fluctuations with such pumps are within allowable tolerances. This can be true also for cases where a large number of DMA's are generated causing you to merge a bunch of them.
As another example, if you know that all PRV's will be DMA boundaries, then you can tell the DMA tool to always have them as DMA boundaries during the DMA analysis (separating your DMAs), by choosing "boundary" in the field next to "PRV's" in this tool. This will globally change the DMA Status of PRVs to "boundary". If you are not yet sure which PRVs should be DMA boundaries, you can let the tool decide (based on other criteria) by choosing "boundary candidate" next to the PRV option, which will set all PRVs' DMA Status to "boundary candidate".
The rest of the commands are as follows;
Once the "Compute" command is executed with either the "Target Number of Nodes" or "Target Pipe Length", the DMA tool creates DMA's as per user defined criteria.
The DMA tool enables us to demarcate DMA's automatically but there are a few guidelines which can help you generate DMA's satisfactorily;
Longer overview and demonstration on our YouTube channel:
This section deals with means and methods for DMA generation in WaterGEMS / WaterCAD versions below CONNECT Edition Update 2 (10.02.01.06).
Option 1 : Using the Pressure Zone Manager to try to isolate a DMA:
The software will not tell you what valves to close to create a DMA, or where to install the meter. Using the Pressure Zone Manager, you can try different ways to isolate DMA's.
You would select the valve locations and the software will display the color coded DMA's, and provide statistics such as demand, minimum and maximum HGL, minimum and maximum ground elevation, minimum and maximum pressure, and the labels for the boundary elements, pipes, and nodes in the DMA. Go here for an example.
There is a support solution on the Pressure Zone Manager which includes a section on identifying DMA's.
Option 2 : If you have flow data that was collected at the entrance of the DMA, and upstream and downstream pressure at the PRV in the entrance of the DMA, you can follow this procedure:
Option 3 : Simplifying Existing DMA's to a single junction:
If you already have built-out DMAs in your model but have a need to simplify them down to a single junction (representing the demand/inflow to that DMA), here are some options:
Create and manage pressure zones and DMA's in WaterCAD and WaterGEMS
Special Interest Group recording - "Creating District Metered Area for Water Auditing and Non-Revenue Water Control"


What Is YourPhone.exe & How To Remove It
What Is YourPhone.exe And How To Stop It?
A system failure or lagging system is when you open the task manager to find out the task draining your CPU. Identifying an unknown file in the task manager like yourphone.exe often leads to suspicion. The first thought that pops up in the mind seeing an executable file running in the background is TROJAN ATTACK.
But, not all executable files are Trojan, though many of them run the risk of being infected, executable files are an essential part of various apps. Thus, before telling you how to stop it from running, you must know what is yourphone.exe windows 10?
What Is YourPhone.exe Windows 10
Windows launched yourphone.exe process and made it a part of Windows 10. This process file synchronizes Windows 10 laptops with your Android and/or iOS phone. This helps in picking up exactly where you left when it comes to phone mishaps. From apps to media files, synced up phones with your Windows 10 laptops remain connected which is why Windows 10 users frequently find it running in the background.
This makes it pretty clear that the executable process file is not a trojan file, it is running in the background for a reason. But, if you plan to not use the process file often or ever or even for the sake of your computer's performance, you may choose to stop this process.
What is yourphone.exe Windows 10?
File Name: YourPhone.exe
Product Name: Microsoft Your Phone
Company Name: Microsoft Corporation
Internal Name: Your Phone
Legal Copyright: ©Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Size: 5.17 MB (mostly)
Path: C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\Microsoft.YourPhone
How To Stop YourPhone exe
Despite being a useful app, there not many people utilizing its benefits to the app's full potential and the reason is, yourphone.exe is still in the development process. Also, due to some amazing features like the ability to text from Windows 10, the executable process file requires to keep systems synced always. However, in the process, it consumes a bit of RAM.
As this executable file is needed to add a feature, disabling or removing it does not affect the performance of the computer. So, if you find this process file creating a bit of trouble for your system, you may simply stop it from running in the background. There are certain ways to do so. The following are the steps that you need to take to protect your RAM in case an executable process file like YourPhone exe keeps running in the background harming the health of your system.
Turn Off or Disable the Executable File
Steps to disable
 - Press the Windows or Start key together with S to open Search on Windows 10 or you may directly type on the search space as well.
 - In the space where 'Type Here' is mentioned, type in Background Apps.
 - Now click on the Background Apps from the options to open Settings for background apps.
 - Now find YourPhone from the list of running apps.
 - You will find a toggle button next to YourPhone.exe.
 - The lighted toggle button means it is ON. Click on the blue Toggle to switch it OFF.
 - Now, close the Settings window.
 - Finally, Restart your system.
 - Open and check Task Manager, to find if YourPhone.exe is still running in the background and consuming the RAM and CPU of your system.
Remove the YourPhone.exe Process From Your Computer
Another alternative is to uninstall the YourPhone app. Being a built-in app it comes with the Windows 10 package. Thus, users can't simply uninstall it in the same way that they can in the case of apps.
 Steps to uninstall the executable file
 - Open the Cortana's Search Box on your Windows 10 desktop.
 - In the space where 'Type Here' is mentioned, type in the wordPowerShell.
 - From the options, find PowerShell and right-click on it to open the context menu.
 - Now find and select 'Run as Administrator', generally the second option in the list.
 - In the window, without disturbing the blinking cursor, start typing- "Get-AppxPackage Microsoft.YourPhone -AllUsers | Remove-AppxPackage"
 - Once you are done typing, click on Enter and wait, till the process completes.
 - Wait till you are notified of the uninstallation.
 - After the uninstallation of the executable process is complete, Restart your computer.
 - Restart Windows and then visit the Task Manager, to check and confirm the absence of the executable file.
Remove it Using the Uninstalling software
Some time, you are pretty frustrated with the errors and require to remove the software from your computer. However, you are trying everything but it does not remove from the computer due to crash in the system main applications. In that case, you need a software that can forcefully remove the software and give you a relief from the errors related to yourphone windows 10 application.
1) Open a side tab in your browser to start the instructions.
2) download uninstaller windows program from the link and it will be in 5-10 minutes on your computer in.exe format.
3) Now, it is time to install this external application on your windows 10 system, you can use double click or run it like any other file.
4) Installing will start now and it will ask you some basic questions to finish the setup.
5) Fill all the values and complete all the setting to install the whole application.
6) Now, you need to finish our main task of uninstall of your phone exe file, to do this thing, just run the installed application and choose the yourphone.exe file and press the uninstall button. Software will start things automatically and remove the whole files related to this application to make your system safer and error less.
 The executable process file in concern is not a trojan file or infected malware. it is a legitimate Windows 10 process file, but to be confirmed always use one good and reliable anti-virus software for your computer.
Keeping an anti-virus installed on your computer is always recommended by experts for the maintenance of your computer's health and protection of your private data. I think you got all the ideas related to this.exe file and now every process clears for you to make your system without any error. Share our content if you like it thanks.
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text:
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Implosion can refer to:
- Implosion (mechanical process)
- Implosion (novel), by D. F. Jones
- Building implosion
- Implosion-type nuclear weapon
- In phonetics, an airstream mechanism associated with implosive consonants
- Gravitational collapse (and more specifically, core collapse) in cosmology (see also: Type II supernova)
- Parabolic implosion in complex dynamics
- Implosions, album by Stephan Micus
|This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Implosion.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.


Summer Advantage
Summer Advantage USA partners with schools and school districts to provide scientifically proven, cost-efficient summer learning programs with the following core elements: Maximizing Learning Time: Program typically operates 6.5 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 5 weeks, with programs varying in length across communities. Outstanding Instruction and Mentorship: Classes led by highly qualifi
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This is similar to playing a sport whereby if you have no understanding of the rules your opponent gets bored, and without understanding the rules of the sport you are likely to come away second best.
To function successfully in China, and therefore maximise your business success it is crucial to know how to recognise and respond effectively to the 36 Chinese Strategies. Knowledge of the Chinese negotiating culture, which means how the 36 Chinese Strategies are used, is your greatest asset.
An example of how one of the 36 Chinese Strategies is used is in Strategy three 'Murder with a Borrowed Knife - 借刀杀人. Strategy Three is applied is a situations where you meet with your Chinese contacts. In such a scenario this may be the fifth meeting and you are getting closer to discussing a deal. You are likely to discover that the head Chinese person will not be the one who asks the difficult questions such as "can you lower the price?" Rather the person with the lower status will ask this question. Likewise the head person will not complain, as complaints will be done by the person with less status to conserve the leader's strength and reputation. Strategy Three - 'Murder with a Borrowed Knife - 借刀杀人 - enables the leader to "preserve their strength" while other issues are still being worked out. This is similar to how the King moves on the chessboard, because the King on the chessboard is the most powerful piece on the board and moves the least.


Coils come in all different shapes and size variations. The most
common variance is observed by the number of wraps that a
coil will contain, usually anywhere from seven to fourteen. Popular
wrap counts are eight, ten, and twelve. This simply is the
count of how many times the insulated wire is wrapped around
each core. There are different shaped cores on the market as
well, while the most popular is the circular shaped core; however
there is also octagon, square, and oblong shaped cores as
well. Coils will typically be sold in matched pairs. Matched pairs
simply mean that because there is a variance during the wrap
process, two coils will be selected that have complementing
electrical properties, since that will increase the effectiveness
while they work together. How these "effectiveness" qualities are
measured is really up to the manufacturer.
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The High Cost of Living — 2
The cost of living is high in India, as I mentioned the last time.
The dominant theme around where I live in Kalyani Nagar in Pune is one of massive construction. Multistoried residential buildings, shopping centers and office complexes are sprouting with astonishing rapidity. Despite the increase in the quantity supplied of floor space, the quantity demanded is growing even faster. This is evidenced by the fact that the price per square foot of built up space is growing at an astonishing 30 percent or more per year.
Right around the corner, the going rate is now around Rs 4,000 per square foot (or around $100 per square foot.) How expensive is that? Depends on who is paying, of course. Around the construction sites, hundreds of workers toil away ceaselessly. They earn around Rs 70 a day. I figured that to them, the per square foot cost is 2 months' worth of earnings. Thus if about 800 square foot of space is reasonable for a family of four, the average laborer on the construction site would have to work for about 1600 months, or about 133 years to just be able to afford to buy the place. Imagine having to work for over one hundred years to be able to buy an apartment.
Of course, one needs more than just floor space in a building to live. There is food, clothing, utilities, and other needs such as medical, educational, entertainment, and so on. Taken together, all of these have a cost and they add up.
Time is a great measure for all sorts of things once you have an invariant in hand. For measuring distances, the speed of light provides an invariant measure. Thus, you can say that the sun is about 8 light minutes away and the nearest galaxy to the Milky Way, the Andromeda galaxy, is about 2.5 million light years away.
Costs can be measured in terms of time, provided we have an invariant. In our case, we really don't have an invariant because the time to earn a unit of money varies from person to person, and from region to region. However, there is already a measure of average incomes in a specific location. That is the total production of final goods and services measured in monetary terms over a year for a specific collective of people that is called the gross domestic product (GDP). GDP divided by the number of people gives you the GDP per capita.
GDP per capita is a handy "local invariant" of sorts. India's GDP per capita is about $450 per year. In a sense, you can say that the average person earns $450 a year and that is a local invariant. Now if something costs $450, then one may say that it costs one year. The "Per capita GDP Time Equivalent of Cost" is what I am provisionally proposing, or PGTEC. (The stress is on the word "provisionally.") The units are time: so you could measure PGTECs in hours, days, months, years, and life times.
I can now denote the cost of an 800 sq foot apartment in my neighborhood for a laborer as 200 years. Since the working life of an average person (given the life expectancy of about 65 years and a productive life of about 40 years), the cost of the apartment would be five laborer lifetimes. Astounding.
What good is the PGTEC measure? Well, for one thing, it is easy to understand and compare costs across regions. The median house in the US costs around $70,000. And the per capita GDP is around $23,000. So the average house cost in terms of PGTEC is 3 years. Compare that to 200 years in India. India is therefore about 70 times more expensive than the US when it comes to housing.
OK, I am cheating. The cost of the house in my neighborhood in Pune is not really representative in the sense that on average an 800 sq foot apartment in India would probably cost half of that. But you get the idea. The average house in India would cost in terms of PGTEC about 100 years or so. (The actual numbers I leave to bean counters; I am not one. So there.)
It makes sense to distinguish between tradeables and non-tradeables. Tradeables are those things that can be transported from one location to another. For instance, gasoline is a tradeable while haircuts and baby-sitting are not. The price of tradeables in a specific location is the same the world over once you account for transportation costs and other barriers that add to the price such as taxes.
Let's take the cost of a tradeable such as gasoline. Gas in the US costs $3 per gallon. That is, PGTEC cost of gas is around one hour in the US. In India, gas costs about Rs 200 per gallon. Translated into PGTECs, the cost is 72 hours. Gas (or petrol as it is called in India) is 72 times more expensive in India than in the US.
Now you may have heard that a haircut is cheap in India. Let's do the numbers. In India, a haircut costs Rs 20, or about three hours in PGTECs. In the US, it costs $15 which in PGTECs is an hour and a half. So strictly speaking, a haircut in the US is cheaper for an American compared to a haircut for an Indian in India.
Let's go to travel. In India, the cost of a round trip air ticket between Mumbai and Delhi is Rs 14,000 average. PGTEC cost is 240 days. The cost of a round trip between NYC and San Francisco is around $400 – a distance twice that of between Mumbai and Delhi. A bit of arithmetic reveals the equivalent to the Mumbai-Delhi deal would cost an American 3 days. Roughly air travel is 80 times as costly in India than in the US.
The other night I made the mistake of going to a Pizza Hut in my neighborhood. A medium size pizza costs Rs 300 which in PGTEC terms is 4 days or 48 hours. In the US, the average medium pizza (much larger than the one in India) costs $10, which in PGTECs is only 2 hours. A Pizza hut pizza in India is therefore about 24 times more expensive in India than in the US.
I have done some back of the envelope calculations and it appears that India is many times more expensive than the US in pretty much any goods and services I measure. This should not come as a surprise to anyone who has observed that Indians can afford a lot less stuff (goods and services) than Americans can. Basically, the cost of any good is the time that you have to spend to produce an equivalent amount of stuff so that you can exchange it for that good. Indians on average produce less stuff per unit of time and therefore they can buy less stuff per unit of time as compared to Americans.
In the next posting, I will explore the implications of this measure and perhaps detail out why the PGTEC is a better measure than the PPP (purchasing power parity) measure.
Until then, goodbye, goodnight and may your god go with you.
Categories: Random Draws
17 replies
 1. Great post, Atanu.
 I have a question.
 How is it different from expressing cost as a percentage of average income (per capita GDP)?
 Let's say, PPCI (percentage of per capita income)
 Of course, cost of some goods/services might reduce to 0.000001%
 But you can always use Per Capita Income Per Day in such cases.
 PGTEC is objective. But, what are the other benefits?
 2. I think this PGTEC measure is sound,Atanu. The only caveat being that GDP per se is a one meausure of economic output and can fail to capture non-monetised services like that of housewives, etc. Also, as an example, as opposed to the US I would imagine that sons working in small business owned by their fathers in India might not get paid a real wage. So does this distort our GDP measure? It will be good to hear from you about this too.
 3. Dear Atanu,
 Great fun reading this post! I am not an economist, so I lack prerequisite information for critical analysis. But a question (excuse, if naive): To what extent is the GDP sensitive to processes that determine costs/prices? The basic concern is that a measure like PGTEC should be immune to details of underlying processes. In other words I am unable to see the invariance of GDP very clearly. If I have to RTFM, I'll appreciate a few pointers, maybe offline, if you please.
 – Abhijat
 4. There's a US-only post using this same approach here:
 Another interesting parameter is the rate that things are getting better. While there is no doubt people in the US have more "stuff", the rate of improvement, or at least people's expectations for the rate of improvement, may be more important for personal happiness. Growth rates in India have pulled ahead. …just a thought…
 5. Atanu,
 The numbers you have used seem off significantly (call me a bean counter but its important to be one to spot HUGE errors). India's GDP per capita is actually 736 dollars (CIA factbook). Also, a decent house for four can be had for about 8 lakhs (not 32 lakhs) – you should agree because clearly $70,000=approx 30 lak


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Good news for Olympic athletes: there is not sufficient scientific evidence to support the long perpetuated theory that athletes should avoid sex before sport.
While the ancient Greeks believed that abstinence enhances physical performance and that sex before competition zaps energy and for years coaches and sports competitors have been practicing abstinence the night or even weeks before competition, scientists say that there has still been no scientific evidence to show that sex spoils sport.
Muhammad Ali, for one, reportedly went without sex for six weeks before a fight and English coach Glenn Hoddle forbade the players on his soccer team from having sex during the month-long 1998 World Cup.
However, scientists say that the long-standing "no sex before sport" myth has not really been fully proven, and that most research looking at the physiological effects has so far not been able to show that sex reduces physical strength, power or endurance.
"When we test people in the lab, we are examining 'tests of performance' but in competition, psychology very likely plays a much more important role," Professor Ian Shrier of McGill University in Canada said, according to Reuters. "Those who claim it decreases performance usually say it is because it decreases focus or aggression or tension. There are no studies that have examined this."
Researchers reviewed previous studies and the findings, published in the Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, suggest that sex the night before competition has no effect on physiological test results.
In one of the studies researchers tested the maximum-effort grip strength of 14 married male former athletes the morning after coitus and after at least six days of abstinence and found that neither strength nor endurance of the flexing muscles appeared to be negatively affected by sex the previous night.
A follow-up study conducted by scientists at Colorado State University on ten healthy, married men between the ages of 18 and 45 found that grip strength, balance, lateral movement, reaction time, aerobic power, and VO2 max, a way to measure oxygen efficiency, did not seem to be affected by sex the previous night.
Another study found that having sex 12 hours before a fitness test did not seem to affect maximal aerobic power, oxygen pulse or blood pressure.
Researchers said that the ancient myth that athletes should practice abstinence may stem from the theory, which has yet to be scientifically proven, that sexual frustration makes people more aggressive, and that the act of ejaculation draws testosterone, a physical performance-related hormone, from the body.
"Even if that theory is correct, most people currently believe there is an optimal level of aggression or focus - too little and you don't do well, too much and you don't do well," Shrier said.
In fact, researcher Emmanuele Jannini, and professor of endocrinology at the University of L'Aquila in Italy, found that sex may even stimulate the production of testosterone.
He told the National Geographic that the current thinking that sex diminishes performance "is a really wrong idea."
"After three months without sex, which is not so uncommon for some athletes, testosterone dramatically drops to levels close to children's levels," Jannini said. "Do you think this may be useful for a boxer?"
Experts say that the effect of sex on physical performance would depend heavily on the person having sex, how often, the duration and in what way.
"If it's 'up all night swinging from the rafters' type sex we're talking about, then obviously the athlete is not going to be getting enough sleep or rest and their mind isn't on the job," Martin Milton, an expert in psychotherapeutic and counseling psychology at the University of Surrey, said, according to Reuters. "So that might well be more the issue than whether or not being involved in a short period of sex might be detrimental to someone's performance."
Published by Medicaldaily.com


Dipper Pines
Use the video and step-by-step drawing instructions below to learn how to draw Dipper Pines from Disney Channel's Gravity Falls. A new drawing tutorial is uploaded every week, so stay tooned!
Draw Dipper Pines Step 1
Step 1: Start by drawing a circle near the top half of the page. It doesn't have to be perfect. It's just a guide for Dipper Pines' head.
Draw Dipper Pines Step 2
Step 2: Next, draw two intersecting lines across the circle, one vertical and one horizontal. Bend the lines so that they contour to the shape. These will be construction lines that will help you place Dipper Pines' facial features later on.
Draw Dipper Pines Step 3
Step 3: Draw two small circles sitting on top of the horizontal construction line as guides for Dipper Pines' eyes. The circles should be on either side of the vertical construction line.
Draw Dipper Pines Step 4
Step 4: Below Dipper Pines' eyes, where the two construction lines intersect, draw a tiny oval as a guide for his nose. On the left side of the head, where the horizontal construction line starts, draw a C-shaped line as a guide fore Dipper Pines' ear.
Draw Dipper Pines Step 5
Step 5: Draw a big arc on top of Dipper Pines' head as a guide for the top of his cap. The arc starts on top of the ear and ends on the top right side of the head. Then draw a smaller, thinner arc to the right of that to create a guide for the bill portion of Dipper Pines' cap.
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NURSE RESILIENCE AT DIGNITY HEALTH IDENTIFYING SOLUTIONS TO ADDRESS NURSING BURNOUT
How might we increase the resilience and reduce burnout of nurses by changing their work practices?
Nurses work in complex and demanding environments. HopeLab and Dignity Health partnered to identify opportunities to reduce stress and grow providers' engagement and energy. Over the course of six months, HopeLab collaborated with nurses to generate ideas to promote resilience in their work practices.
HopeLab's work commenced by shadowing and interviewing nurses to understand their work environment and their lived experience. We used behavioral science research to understand how the work environment contributes to both resilience and burnout. Floor nurse and nursing leadership developed and prioritized intervention ideas. This human-centered design process put the lived experience of nurses and the interests of stakeholders at the center of the innovation process to identify solutions to address nursing burnout including:
Unit-based Digital Forum: an online, secure communication channel providing a safe space for nurses to discuss topics, raise questions, provide feedback, and develop ideas for solutions.
Debriefing Codes Card: a facilitation guide for hospital staff to lead their colleagues through a debrief after a code aimed at increasing clinical improvements and supporting staff emotional well-being.
Weather Report of the hospital: a quick snapshot of important data about the hospital and hospital floors – from number of patients waiting in the ER to the number of nurses, patients, and sick calls on each floor—to support nurses in prioritizing their time and expand their identity to encompass the whole hospital.
"This was an energizing process for the nurses. We heard that it is difficult to stay positive in their daily work. The storytelling from the nurses was valuable itself. "
"For me understanding what keeps the nurses practicing with passion and heart is so important to our success now and into the future. Our shared vision for how staff stay engaged and energized by their work through a greater sense of purpose and empowerment is critical to the profession of nursing."
"I think one of the biggest things in nursing is that they teach you to have compassion for the patient, tend to the patient's needs, and there's always this focus of doing everything you can for them, but there's a lot that's not recognized for the nurses themselves."


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Farrar, Geraldine (fərärˈ) [key], 1882–1967, American operatic soprano, b. Melrose, Mass.; pupil of Lilli Lehmann. She made her debut in Europe (1901) and sang at the Metropolitan Opera, New York City, from 1906 to 1922. Her most famous roles were in La Bohème, Madame Butterfly, and Carmen.
See her autobiography, Such Sweet Compulsion (1938).
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
More on Geraldine Farrar from Infoplease:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Music: History, Composers, and Performers: Biographies


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Compute the Running Minimum
Compute the running minimum of a 3-by-2 matrix input, dsp_examples_u, using the Minimum block.
Open the model.
model = fullfile(matlabroot,'examples','dsp','ex_runningminimum_ref'); open_system(model)
The Input processing parameter is set to Columns as channels (frame based). The block processes the input as a two-channel signal with a frame size of three. The running minimum is reset at t = 2 by an impulse to the block's Rst port.
Run the model.
In the Running mode, the block outputs the minimum value over each channel since the last reset. At t = 2, the reset event occurs. The minimum value in the second column changes to 6, and then 2, even though these values are greater than 1, which was the minimum value since the previous reset event.
Close the model.


things are very wrong and to stay away. Altman would later see a similar vision in Ada's mother, warning him of the Marker. There's also a bad kind of vision. Isaac Clarke, perhaps due to traumatic stress, sees horrifying visions of his dead girlfriend throughout Dead Space 2. The more exposed to a Marker the subject the more likely the visions will slide towards terrifying and manipulative. The comics also imply that feebleness has an impact on how quickly you can succumb to it.
Due to his direct and immediate exposure to the Black Marker, Hennessy wrestles within himself over what to do next. "Let them know, " said Shane. "The Marker is the past, and the past must remain undisturbed if we are to continue as we are. You have already awakened it. It calls out for you even now. But you must not obey. You must not listen. Tell them that." (page 99). So, Hennessy begins to take notes.
It started with him just trying to understand it. To figure out what kind of letters adorned the Obsidian monolith. The more he looked at it the more confusing things became until he lost his mind.
He killed the pilot of the submersible and used his blood to paint the walls. Hieroglyphics adorned every surface until he turned the attention to himself, ripping and tearing. Fully covering himself with a swarm of symbols and twisting his body into an unruly shape. He had become a Marker.
The Black Marker is special because it makes more Markers.
Isaac Clarke's Marker, created before the events of Dead Space 2
Each of the "Red Markers" we later see in Dead Space were at one point constructed under the influence of these signals. These reverse engineered Markers do the same thing as the Black, but are red because Bismuth was used to replace certain elements that were unique to the Black Marker. It's an idea we've seen in practice elsewhere, as Dead Space 2 reveals Isaac Clarke constructed his own Marker after surviving the events of the first game.
Why make more Markers? What does that have to do with CONVERGENCE? These questions might night have been answered if not for Martyr's Black Marker fiasco.
Altman is told by the ghost of Ada's mother that the only way to stop the madness is to cut off the signal of the Black Marker. Altman decides he, like Hennessy before him, needs to give himself wholly to the Marker. He thinks he can bluff the Marker into thinking he's there to help until he has fully understands it and turns the knife back. "Altman's Wager," he cals it. It would have been a smart play if it wasn't for that pesky cult.
Space Death Cults
Dead Space #1 (2009); W. Antony Johnston, A. Ben Templesmith
Unitology, like Michael Altman, has its origins fleshed out in Martyr. The cult first comes together as six or seven people gathered in a hallway, consisting of both scientists and guards. They had been in proximity to the Marker and one of them declared, "You must free your flesh, and unify with the divine nature of its construction…" (page 265). Altman stumbled upon them holding a religious and was caught off guard.
"We must lose ourselves to find ourselves," said one scientist. "Convergence is the only salvation. For I hear this in its whispers, unless you can understand what it means to become one with the Marker, you shall not have eternal life." (page 265). It seemed like madness to Altman. Soon everyone in the station would be split between believers and non-believers, including he and Ada.
The cult, now officially calling themselves Unitologists, approaches Altman, an atheist, to become their leader. "The Marker," said a scientist named Field. "You've spent more time around it than anyone else. We know what happened on the bathyscaphe. When it killed others, it left you alive. We know that it converses with you. You have been chosen." (Page 268). The logical leaps of these cultists are just astounding.
"I don't believe the shit you do." - Michael Altman (page 269)
Altman would eventually pretend to have become a Unitologist in order to manipulate the high ranking members of the cult into letting him near the Marker. With the help of his followers he's later able to escape the station holding the Black Marker to get to the media. Altman declared evidence of alien life and said the military were trying to keep it from the people. Meanwhile, shit had hit the fan while he was gone.
It wasn't just believers vs non-believers anymore. A scientist had been studying the effects of the Marker's signal on the DNA of organisms around it. Thrown by the visions he was experiencing, he inadvertently injected himself with this experiment. This was the start of a Necromorph outbreak. Ultimately, with the unknowing help of surviving cultists, Altman was able to move past the hordes of zombies to sink the station and the Black Marker.
All cult members were dead. Altman was captured. Unitology should have ended there, but it didn't. The leaders of the research station who survived the outbreak saw this as a temporary set-back. They would find the Black Marker and make more Markers. In the meantime, they'd use Altman's name to spread a new formal religion.
The Church of Unitology
"Once you're dead, we can let the truth — our truth — build up around you and you can't do anything about it. You'll be larger than life. We'll write histories of you, holy books. We'll erase what we don't like about you and make you fit what we want. Your name will be forever associated with the Church of Unitology. You'll come to be known as our founder." (page 410). Altman would die at the hands of a Necromorph while these moustache twirling villains laughed. Posthumously, the church would use the fact Altman went to the media before disappearing as the basis for his religious martyrdom.
The true founders of the Church of Unitology sought the Marker for the potential of unlocking a limitless energy source. Some might have been actual believers. Either way, these were shady people who were good at subterfuge and would go on to create a religious organization known for planting members elsewhere to achieve the church's goals.
"Altman be praised," is the most common Unitologist phrase. Ironic, given how much he would have detested their service to the Markers. And the gaudy statues. Dead Space 3 ups their ante by featuring a radical fringe of the Church of Unitology called "the Circle" and an impromptu blood-cult that formed naturally after the events of the game. All flavours of cultist that form around the Marker are a bit different and a bit alike. All preach about being "made whole" through CONVERGENCE.
The problem with Dead Space's ending isn't CONVERGENCE. The fact that I've used ALL CAPS should tip you off to the sheer gravity of the event. It had been the big question of the franchise. What did it mean? Was it giving yourself up to the marker and becoming a Necromorph? As it turns out, kinda-sorta, but on a much bigger scale.
Convergence is actually a process triggered by a Marker when there's a critical mass of organic matter infected with the Necromorph pathogen. The Marker pulls all of the infected tissue into the stratosphere where a "Brethren Moon" forms and absorbs the Marker that created it along with the organic tissue of the Necromorphs.
A "Brethren Moon," the ultimate form of necromorph and final phase of CONVERGENCE
That's pretty fucking badass.
The chunks of nearby planets and asteroids are caught and collected in their gravitational pull as these Necromorphs grow larger and larger. Once a Brethren Moon is fully formed, the creators of the Marker (humanity in this case) must be killed and "absorbed" into the moon, possibly to give it a different sentience from its brethren.
The only way to stop CONVERGENCE is to destroy the initiating Marker that triggered the event or the Brethren Moon itself, which is believed to be impossible in its final form. In Dead Space 3, we learn that an ancient alien race chose to use a machine to freeze dry their world and stop the formation of one of these moons. They annihilated their entire race supposedly to give the humans more time.
Why the humans? Well, that's the joke. Everything beyond our solar system is dead space. Humanity is all that is left.
The Ending
Have you ever heard of the shaggy dog? It's a trope, and it refers to a densely packed plot with a lot of build and an ending that reveals it all to be meaningless. The trope's name comes from the classic tale of a man who finds a shaggy dog similar to one in a lost dog poster from a rich family. He bankrupts himself trying to return it to them for the reward money. When he finally reaches their estate he's told the dog "wasn't that shaggy" before the door's slammed in his face. The end.
Dead Space, the franchise, is what you might call an inadvertent shaggy dog. There's a lot of really well crafted lore and narrative intention behind the franchise. You can tell was leading to something. Sadly, the franchise conclusion we've had


Product Labels In Relation To Imported And Exported Goods
By Ian Renton | Labelling Laws, Product Labels | 5 Jun 2014 |
Product Labels In Relation To Imported And Exported Goods
Ian Renton | 05/06/2014 | Labelling Laws,Product Labels
import export The Commerce (Trade Descriptions) Act of 1905 is over 100 years old but is still used to determine the legality of all imported products that come into Australia. This Act, despite containing 17 parts, simply requires that all goods coming into Australia are labelled correctly. In fact, it is imperative that the trade description applied to your goods via your product label or any other covering such as a bottle, box, glass, vessel, capsule, case, frame or wrapper of any sort is accurate. Your trade description would include the following:
 1. Quantity of your goods
 2. Quality, class and purity of your goods
 3. Size or weight of your products
 4. Nature of your goods
 5. Country where the goods were made
 6. Name of the manufacturer or producer
 7. How the goods were manufactured, produced or packed
 8. The ingredients or materials consisting in the goods
 9. The existence of any patent or copyright over the goods.
Of course, your product labels should be kept simple and be graphically appealing to the consumer at the same time. There is a conflict when it comes to designing product labels in terms of the need to sell versus the need to be compliant. In this conflict, it is always best to err on the side of compliance. If your packaging is non-compliant then you simply will not have a product to sell. Much of the information required by Australian law in relation to providing a trade description on your products that is accurate and cannot be interpreted as being misleading is something that you would want to be doing anyway. Rather than fear the law, it is best to work within its guidelines as these laws will provide valuable information to your consumer and at the same time assist you in selling your products in Australian markets. A false trade description not only applies to information that is false but it also applies to information that is omitted. Also, the same laws apply to exporters. If you are involved in importing and exporting, then it is worthwhile familiarising yourself with the Australian government requirements of the trade description of your goods. Here is the relevant link for the accurate definition of a trade description and its components. _URL_ The above information is just a very brief summary of your requirements as an importer or exporter of goods coming into and going out of Australia. If you are a major importer or exporter, then you should definitely seek legal advice in terms of your product labels on your goods and the packaging of these goods. However, my reading of the law is that compliance is really not that difficult as the government's laws on trade descriptions seem very logical to me. Importing and exporting is vital for our global economy and I feel confident that Australia has laws that are strict enough to protect Australian consumers and also international consumers of our products. In fact, it is the strictness of our laws that makes Australia a comfortable place to live for consumers. Similarly, Australian exporters enjoy a strong international reputation that is partly due to the enforcement of the Commerce (Trade Descriptions) Act of 1905.
ABN: 36 637 427 019
+61 2 9160 4511 / PRIVACY POLICY


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Detail Paraffin Wax
Paraffin wax Use for
* Coatings for waxed paper or cloth
* Food-grade paraffin wax:
o Shiny coating used in candy-making; although edible, it is nondigestible, passing right through the body without being broken down
o Coating for many kinds of hard cheese, like Edam cheese.
o Sealant for jars, cans, and bottles
o Chewing gum additive
* Investment casting
* Anti-caking agent, moisture repellent, and dustbinding coatings for fertilizers
* Agent for preparation of specimens for histology
* Bullet lubricant - with other ingredients, such as olive oil and beeswax
* Solid propellant for hybrid rocket motors
* Component of surfwax, used for grip on surfboards in surfing
* Component of glide wax, used on skis and snowboards.
* Friction-reducer, for use on handrails and cement ledges, commonly used in skateboarding
* Microwax: food additive, a glazing agent with E number E905
* Forensics aid: the nitrate test uses paraffin wax to detect nitrates and nitrites on the hand of a shooting suspect
* Anti-ozonant agent: blends of paraffin and micro waxes are used in rubber compounds to prevent cracking of the rubber; the antiozonant waxes can be produced from synthetic waxes, FT wax, and Fischer Tropsch wax
* Mechanical thermostats and actuators, as an expansion medium for activating such devices.
* "Potting" guitar pickups, which reduce microphonic feedback caused from the subtle movements of the pole pieces
* Wax baths for beauty and therapy purposes
* Thickening agent in many Paintballs, as used by Crayola
* An effective, although comedogenic, moisturiser in toiletries and cosmetics such as Vaseline.
* Prevents oxidation on the surface of polished steel and iron


Forskning og utvikling
Wastewaterderived Data
Data from municipal wastewater treatment plants: An exploration of the utility to public health, environment, climate and security.
Municipal wastewater is said to mirror society. The water contains a mixture of most that occurs in a city. The food we eat, the medicines we take, the chemicals used in our homes and at work, bacteria, viruses and everything that washes off the streets when it rains, ends up at the local municipal wastewater treatment plant.
As Norway's largest wastewater treatment plant, Veas cleans wastewater corresponding to delivery from 770,000 people in Oslo, Bærum, Asker and Nesodden. Daily data from this water could provide near real-time data and trends that can be useful in managing the community.
Examples of data that can be extracted from wastewater are:
 - Health observatory based on trends of drug use or chemical exposure
 - Communicable disease tracking system (i.e. COVID-19)
 - Environmental surveillance system: release of pollutants in our environment
 - Defence and security: trace organic explosives detection in wastewater
NIVA and Veas are working on the development of an ecosystem consisting of members from multi-disciplinary sectors to exploit wastewater-derived data funded by the Regionale Forskningsfond Hovedstaden. At this stage, our main purpose is to show the potential of sewage chemical information monitoring (SCIM) technology to engage the potential partners from the public sector or research institute area (aim 2). Find below the aims of the ongoing project:
 1. Collect a selection of demonstration wastewater-derived datasets.
 2. Engage in targeted meetings/interviews with potential partners
 3. Identify unanswered questions for which wastewater may provide solutions
 4. Provide "ad hoc" analysis with demonstration dataset
 5. Work with the partner to formulate future collaboration and/or innovative research
Økonomisk prosjektstøtte
Wastewaterderived Data er støttet med forprosjektmidler fra RFF HOVED på inntil 750 000 kroner.
Norsk institutt for vannforskning, NIVA.


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You can create a new user mailbox from scratch in Microsoft Exchange Server 2016 or you can create a user mailbox from existing user account in an active directory domain. When you create a mailbox from an existing account, their information is pulled from active directory domain. When you create a new user in Exchange Server 2016 and provide complete detail, it's user account is already created in active directory domain.
In this article, we will look into the method of creating a new user mailbox in Exchange Server 2016 by providing details.
Create a New User Mailbox in Microsoft Exchange Server
1. Log in to Exchange Admin Center (EAC) with administrator account on following URL,
https:///ecp
2. In mailboxes tab, click plus sign -> User mailbox
3. Choose new user, type first name, last name, type the user's alias in user logon name, type password and confirm password, and click Save. The newly created user will be added in Users container in active directory.


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Online resource for academics new to teaching at ACU
Published: Wednesday 30th August 2017
The Learning and Teaching Centre is pleased to launch a resource to support those academics at ACU who are new to teaching. The Introduction to Learning and Teaching (ILAT) self-guided resource is available via the ACU Learning and Teaching webpages.
This resource was developed in consultation with colleagues who provided feedback about the types of information that academic teachers new to ACU needed to succeed in their teaching roles. This feedback has now informed the development of a resource that will be available to access at any time.
Who should benefit from this resource?
Academics new or returning to teaching at ACU will find this a useful tool to find information and support services for their teaching roles.
What is included?
This resource is an information package and provides links to relevant information on learning and teaching policies and the Teaching Criteria and Standards Framework as well as professional development opportunities at ACU. The resource is divided into three key areas:
1. Exploring your role as a teaching academic or leading teaching academic; 2. Providing a dual track enabling academics new or experienced and new to ACU to choose the pathway that suits their situation; and finally 3. Preparation for Teaching: is a section on preparing for classes before you commence, at the start of the teaching period, during teaching and at the end.
Each section contains frequently asked questions and links to appropriate support on the ACU web site that will help new academics self-select the information they need. It may be accessed via the ACU Learning and Teaching webpages under the Professional Development tab.
For further information please contact Marie Fisher, National ILAT Academic Co-ordinator at the following email address: _EMAIL_


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Meaning : Former Name Of Iran, Former name of Iran,
Origin : Arabic,
If you have information about this name, share it in the comments area below!
Numerology information Persia:
Name Number: 5 Meaning: Motion, Change, Freedom, Diversity, Liberty, Choice, Interest, Search, Risk, Danger, Fear
Additional information Persia:
Biblical Meaning: The name Persia is a Biblical baby name. In Biblical the meaning of the name Persia is: That cuts or divides, a nail, a gryphon, a horseman.
Definition funny of Persia:
the most civilized and powerful empire until even after the romans fell. in 559 BC, the persian king Cyrus the great defeated the Mades controlling what is now iran, iraq, and some other countries. Cyrus set out to create a powerful empire. in fact, he created THE FIRST EMPIRE. the word "Persia" comes from the greek word "persis" which means empire. the relative strength of the persian empire at the height of its power was like the relative strength of modern day, china, india, russia, EU, US and japan put together. the persians were the first people in history to give men and women equal rights, abolish slavery and write the very first human and animal bill of rights. they also built in 400s BC the very first stadium, the apadana in persepolis (later burnt down by alexander). the apadana was able to seat 15 (yes, fifteen thousand) people in it, with space left for a grand ceremony. this massive bulding was roofed. unlike the collosium. the arcitectural and worth of this single building, if it lived through the fire alexander put it through, would have dwarfed the city of rome. The persian empire was a god compared to rome. when rome attacked persia (battle of carhae) with 44 thousand soldiers, a 10 thousand man army from the persian empire crushed the romans, and sent tehir general's head back to rome. people commonly mistake persians for arabs, this is a fatal mistake, persians are aryans like the germans. they migrated from southern russia. NEVER CALL A PERSIAN AN ARAB! THEY WILL SNAP, THEY MIGHT DO SOMETHING DANGEROUS TO YOUR HEALTH AND/OR REPUTATION! the persian empire at the height of its power ruled from eastern india, to southern russia, to egypt, to thrace and the persian gulf. they ruled over 80% of the civilized world. the end of persian supremacy: after the arab invasion of persia, their culture was weakened by islam. the islamic hordes burnt all books in the persia libraries, destroying the knowledge that took europe 1000 years to re-invent. even after the arab invasion, persia still held a powerful seat in international sayings. Nader (Na-dde-r) shah of persia, restored the persian glory around the 1600s. modern persia: until 1935, persia was the actuall name, after than, reza shah changed that to "iran" which was the original name the mades and other aryan tribes gave it. the word "iran" literally means "land of the aryans". in 1953, a coup organized by the CIA to bring down iran's first democrtically elected official (mossadeq) because he nationalized the oil industry. they then installed the dictatoric mohamad reza shah, who was a puppet of the americans. he was overthrown in 1979 after the islamic revolution. which produced a more democratic government compared to the Shah's, but not quite democratic enough. in 1980, iraq invaded iran. possibly a work of the CIA, or the americans, in payback for the iranian's hostage crisis (that was nothing compared to what the US did later to iran). iran fought iraq bravely for 8 years, contributed some 1 million casualties, and pushed iraq back. at this time, iran had no weapons program. iraq was aided by the west with sattelite pictures, and chemical and biological weapons, which they launched into iranian cities. after the war was over, at around 1995, iran started to produce its own fighter jet, and tank. they recently developed their medium range missile. they are now working on their controversial nuclear energy program, which the US labels as a plot to develop nuclear weapons. Conclusion: the persian empire was the longest lasting power on earth. it lasted for about 1500 years as a world power. 1200 of those, it was THE world power. if it were up to me, the only nation truely deserving of being called an empire was the persian empire. iran is doing much better than all other islamic countries at the moment. it holds 17% of all of the world's resources. it has what it takes to become an empire again, but unfortunatly, the current world power, and the current government make that impossible. you generally dont learn about the persian empire in schools in the US, canada, mexico, and most of europe, simply because of politics. to give you an image of what they are not teaching you, consider this: you were never taught about rome, wwi, wwii, the cold war and the american colonies. all those put together come close to the magnitude of the importance of the persian empire in shaping the world as we see it today.
the persian empire conquered 80% of the civilized world, and managed to keep its borders intact for 1500 years.
Greek name of the empire of ruled by the Indo-European peoples of the Iranian plateau during the Achaemenid dynasty. The name got carried over by Europeans for more than two millennia. In actuality the inhabitants of "Persia" for millennia have called it Iran, meaning "land of the Aryans". "Persians", Iranians, were responsible for some of the greatest contributions to the modern world. Some examples are the concepts of universal human rights under Cyrus, or Kourosh, the Great, the development of the first postal system, intercontinental road system known as the "Royal Road", modern algebra, medical procedures and analysis of disease, and overall the first empire to form a multicultural basis and the concepts of "states" which have formed the basis of organization that nearly all modern countries follow to this day.
Persians have formed some of the most fundamental concepts in Math, Biology, Chemistry, governmental organization, and modern human rights.
The BEST country in the WORLD with the most attractive people which unfortunately got screwed by a couple of turban-wearing cockroaches with lice crawling beards.
Persia is also known as Iran but call it Persia anyway.
Where all your dreams come true! Actually, Both a country (Iran) and once an empire (sassanid, selucid, and just plain Persian.) Birthplace of Zoroastrianism, and the coolest person in C3C, XERXES I!
Expression information Persia:
People with this name are excited by change, adventure, and excitement. They are dynamic, visionary and versatile, able to make constructive use of freedom. They fight being restricted by rules and conventions. They tend to be optomistic, energetic, intelligent, and to make friends easily. They may be changeable, restless, untidy, and rebellious.
Soul information Persia:
People with this name have a deep inner desire for a stable, loving family or community, and a need to work with others and to be appreciated.
Songs about Persia:
Raupach: Siroe, re di Persia - "O placido il mare" by Cecilia Bartoli from the Album St. Petersburg [+digital booklet]
The Prince Of Persia by Harry Gregson-Williams from the Album Prince Of Persia: The Sands Of Time
Prince of Persia (From "Prince of Persia") by The Hollywood LA Soundtrack Orchestra from the Album Moviehits
Gypsy from Persia(Persion Violin Dance) by Mosavo from the Album Desert Pasage
Chopin in Persia by Maria Pomianowska & Friends from the Album Oriental Garden Vol. 8
Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time (Main Theme) by Movie Sounds Unlimited from the Album Fantasy Movie & TV Themes
Bach's Persia by David Darling from the Album Open Window
Books about Persia:
To Persia, With Love by Doreen Corley and Lauren Wiest (Feb 26, 2014)
Persia and the Bible by Edwin M. Yamauchi and Donald Wiseman (Feb 12, 1997)
Persia the Hooker (Crack House Stories Book 1) by Nolan Smith (Jul 1, 2014)
Persia: The Final Jihad by Mike Evans (2013)
The Seven Great Monarchies Of The Ancient Eastern World, Vol 5: Persia The History, Geography, And Antiquities... by George Rawlinson (Mar 24, 2011)
Prince Atif the greatest prince of persia by charlie james jr (Oct 17, 2014)
Ancient Persia: A Concise History of the Achaemenid Empire, 550-330 BCE by Matt Waters (Jan 20, 2014)
Movies about Persia:
Prince Of Persia: The Sands Of Time 2011 PG-


How To Measure Arrow Length
When I first got into archery, I did some initial research and knew about the different bows sizes but does the length of the arrow really matter? Surely an arrow is an arrow, right? You just nock it into the bow and shoot? Nope, there is a lot more to it than that!
Don't worry though, it's not as complicated as it might sound. The aim of this guide is to help show you what Arrow Length is, why it's important and how to learn what length of arrows you should use.
It's very important that you need to understand is that not all arrows are the same. The arrows that people use are based on their needs and their size, they are measure to them. It is, therefore, a really bad idea to shoot with someone else arrows, as they won't be suitable for you.
Arrow Length Vs Arrow Size
The first thing to understand is that the length and the size are two completely different things.
 - The length of the arrow refers to the overall length of the shaft
 - Arrow size is referring to the spine and how stiff the arrow is. It is used to determine the thickness of the shaft and how much you are able to flex it before the arrow bends.
 - Arrow Length Is Important For Your Safety
 - No doubt you can figure out that the arrow is the most dangerous part of archery, injuries can come from arrows before they have even left the bow. When you draw the bowstring back with the arrow attached, if the arrow is too short it could result in it falling off the rest.
But why is that so bad?
If the arrow falls off the rest at the point of shooting, the risk is that it could shoot straight into the hand holding the bow grip…Ouch, that is going to hurt!
This kind of injury will cause lasting impacts on not just your archery but will also impact all aspects of your life. Luckily, if you do measure your arrow length correctly, this shouldn't happen!
The arrow should be big enough that even when at full draw, the arrow tip should still be slightly past the riser.
How To Measure Correct Arrow Length
There are three methods that can be done to determine what length of arrow you need, two of these can be done on your own whereas the other you will need someone to help. You will also need a tape measure and something to mark such as a Sharpie.
There are also a couple of things you need to ensure before starting;
 - Ensure Correct Posture
 - In order to get the correct measurements, you need to imagine you are standing at the target and ready to draw your bow. Its therefore very important that when taking measurements, you have the correct posture and stance.
 - Correct Drawing of the Bow
 - As well as posture, you need to pretend that you are actually drawing a bow. If you do have a bow then you could actually draw it with an arrow being nocked. (but don't let go of the bowstring!)
 Make sure the hand you hold the bow with is stretched our and your drawing hand is at the anchor point. You need to it be as exact and correct as possible to keep your shoulders up and in a straight line.
For advice on learning about drawing a bow, check out my how to shoot a bow guide
How To Measure Arrow Length – The 3 Best Methods
1. Measuring Your Arm
This method can be done alone if you do not have someone to help, although you will need a tape measure. Hold the tape measure with the hand that you would usually hold your bow with. With your drawing hand pull on the metal part of the tape measure and stretch out the tape until it reaches your anchor point.
With your hand that's holding the tape measure, flip the switch that locks it in position. Look at the measurement and add an additional 1 inch, this would be your arrow length.
If you do have someone that can help measure then stretch your arms out in front of you and extend your fingers with your palms together. If your friend then measures from your chest to your fingertips and adds an additional 1 inch, you will find the correct length for your arrows.
2. Measuring Your Draw
This second method you will need someone to help, as well as a measuring tape and a bow for you to hold. To determine the arrow length you simply need to hold up the bow and draw the bowstring back to your chosen anchor point, your friend will then need to measure from the string to the front of the riser. Once they have this measurement, they will then want to add an extra half an inch.
3. Using A Draw Arrow
A draw arrow is an arrow that has all of the different measurements on it, therefore when you draw it back you can ask someone to tell you're the measurement. Another method of doing this would be to use an extra long arrow and go to full draw and ask someone to mark it with a pen and then measure the distance. Proper draw arrows are however pretty low cost and a little more exact, you can often find them on Amazon.
I hope this article will show you just how important it is to get the right length of arrows. By following one of the above 3 methods you should have the right arrow length and be able to fully draw your bow, without any risk of injury.
Adam has been enjoying the sport of archery since 2010, intially getting the bug for it whilst on holiday and trying it out in an activity center. Since his very first eperiance of holding a bow and arrow, he fell in love with it and can now be found at the range or in the great outdoors as often as possible.
His main go to bow type is a recurve but he loves shooting from compounds as well. Adam created The Archery Guide as a way to help others get into this great activity and to share his knowledge/experiences.


text: The fovea centralis is specialization of the central retina that is associated with high acuityvision. The word 'fovea' is Latin for 'pit' – a depression in the surface of the retina. But whatadvantages does the pit per se confer on central vision, and how does it come about? Furthermore,are the adaptations associated with the fovea in any way linked to our vulnerability to maculardegeneration? The use of new generation optical coherence tomography (OCT) has facilitatedgathering of information on the morphometry of the macula and fovea in a very large sampleof the population, revealing greater diversity in foveal morphology than was understood from arelatively small sample of histological specimens. In combination with molecular analyses, and datafrom preterm infants scanned using hand-held OCT devices, we are now beginning to understandthe diversity of appearances of the fovea, and the impact of both genes and the neonatal environ-ment on its development. We now know that during development, definition of an avascular area isa prerequisite for formation of a fovea. Furthermore, it appears that the molecular factors that definethe avascular area leave the adult macula dependent on a microvasculature that is vulnerable toinflammatory events.


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Adaptive Release - Create Multiple Rules for a Content Item
Adaptive release allows instructors and course designers to release course content based on rules that they create; in other words, you can control what content is made available to which students and under what conditions they are allowed to see it. Rules can be created for individuals or groups, based on criteria related to date, time, assessment scores or attempts, and the review status of other items in the course.
By the time you finish this tutorial you should be able to
1. Create Multiple Rules
2. Set Criteria
2. Use an items contextual menu to access Adaptive Release. To do this select the Double Down Arrow positioned next to the item title.
- Adaptive Release – used to create basic rules for an item. In this tool only one rule per item may be created.
For instance, instructors can create one rule containing multiple criteria which makes users satisfy all restriction before gaining access to the item.
- Adaptive Release: Advanced – this feature allows instructors to create multiple rules per item. For example, if different rules apply for different Groups in a course this feature should be used.
When an item has multiple rules applied to it users need to satisfy the criteria of only one rule to gain access.
3. For the purpose of this tutorial we will use Adaptive Release: Advanced to create a rule with multiple criteria and multiple rules.
6. A success message appears at the top of the screen. Now Select Create Criteria. You can create criteria according to Date, Grade, Membership and Review Status. For content to be visible to a user the user must satisfy all the criteria in a rule.
7. Membership Criteria allows content to be displayed to specific users and Groups. Use the Username field to enter individual users and the Course-Groups field to select Available Course Groups.
All Groups can be selected, even those that are unavailable. To Select one or more course groups highlight the Group Name and select the Right Arrow.
8. Now add another criterion. Adding criteria to the rule will narrow the ability of users to view the content item. Select Create Criteria > Date.
10. When multiple criteria are added to a rule. The word AND appears between each criteria. This means that all of the rules criteria must be met before the item is released.
11. Now Create a New Rule. In creating a new rule a different option or path for releasing the content will be available. The content will be released if any one of the rules is satisfied.
14. Content items can be released based on an attempt (A) or score (B).
For example, an Instructor may prepare a pre-test for Students to prepare for the Final Exam. A Student cannot take the Final Exam until the pre-test has been attempted, regardless of the grade. Instructors can also restrict access to an item until a certain score or score range is reached on a test or quiz.
15. Select a Grade Center column, Set a condition and Submit.
16. On the Adaptive Release: Advanced page you can see that when multiple rules are added the word OR appears between each rule. This means that one of the rules must be satisfied for the item to be released.


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Are they fox eyes in my spotlight?
The colour of fox eyes can vary depending on many things.
A. The colour of the spotlight being used; HID, halogen or coloured filters will have an effect on the retinal reflection colour you see.
B. The age of the fox may have an effect.
C. How directly the fox looks at the light.
D. The distance between your eyes and the light source (reflective angle) can affect the colour.
What colour am I looking for?
Usually greenish yellow. However white, orange and even red eyes can be a fox.
Cats, sheep, cattle and dogs can share the same colour as foxes. The space between the eyes can sometimes determine whether or not it's a fox.
The movement of the eyes is the next thing to look for. You may see a fox or a cat blink. A fox's eye may move quickly whereas most other animals don't move so quickly. A fox may only give a quick glance compared to a sheep for example.
A fox may be seen apart from a mob of sheep, but sometimes within the mob but moving differently to the sheep's eyes.
Because other creature's eye reflections are similar to fox, you must identify the animal before shooting.
Cats, sheep, cattle, wolf spider and fox eyes can look similar in colour.
Deer have particularly bright eyes. They group together quickly and move quickly when startled.
Animals with a more red appearance are kangaroo, possum and rabbit.
More eye colour information.
Always positively identify the animal before shooting.
7 thoughts on "Are they fox eyes in my spotlight?
 1. Thanks for your observations Phil
 I would like to make a few clarifications based on my understanding. We are talking about 3 species.
 DOGS Canis lupus familiaris
 FOXES Vulpes vulpes
 CATS Felis silvestris catus or Felis catus
 I frequently tell people that a fox is more like a cat than a dog, but more like a dog than a cat. Clearly 3 different species.
 Foxes technically have dichromatic vision. Dichromatic vision is limited to two colours. Foxes are unlikely to distinguish reds and yellows from purple, blues and greens. This type of blindness is shared by 6-8% of human beings. Ref Animal questions Cats and dogs are similar having more rods for seeing in low light and less cones in their retina that distinguish colour. Most humans have many more cones than rods
 Foxes may hunt similar to cats, but don't hunt in packs likes dogs or wolves Canis lupus.
 Foxes climb better than dogs but not as well as cats.
 I have cut open over 600 foxes and about 20 cats. Their gut is similar but diet is vastly different. Cats require fresh kill and occasionally carrion. Foxes eat fresh kill, carrion, insects, fruit, grain and anything edible. The reproductive tract of female dogs, foxes and cats is similar.
 Dogs chase foxes, rabbits, cats, rats, mice, chooks, sheep, cars and posties because they know they are not dogs. Dogs even chase other dogs because that is what dogs do.
 2. Just a few quick notes re: foxes and cats.
 Foxes have monochromatic vision, the same as cats, somewhat different to dogs.
 Foxes and cats eyes are the same. During daylight or when having a fixed gaze toward a spotlight, the eyes' pupils are slits. At night their eyes are round. Dogs are always round, the size varies with the amount of light.
 If you could liken a foxes eyes to a computer, they have excellent "grey scale" vision during daylight, hence excellent movement detection. They have about 6 times better night time vision than us, roughly the same as cats. Dogs, not so good.
 The Diplotic Chromosome count for red foxes is 36, all cats world wide (house, lion, tiger etc) are 36 or 38. All dogs from the Chihuahua to Great Dane are 78.
 Foxes have many other distinctly feline characteristics:
 -they hunt like cats
 -they readily climb trees
 -their gut is almost the same as cats
 -they leap on their prey
 -foxes bite their prey, dogs shake theirs
 -they stalk their prey
 -whiskers on wrists as with cats
 There are many others similarities.
 That's why dogs chase and kill foxes, they think they're cats.
 3. Well Mathew you described an event I wouldn't have to expected to happen either. Thanks for your observation. Graham
 4. I for the first time in my life just saw a fox and two cats playing, would have thought anyone who said that was nuts until the other night.
 5. Hello
 "Almost always", a fox will display two (2) eyes towards a spotlight. Most other animals, i.e. sheep, cattle, horses etc, show mostly one eye. Koala's have the closest eye to a fox, yet are much farther apart.
 I was very interested to read a comment in your article in SSAA regarding foxes re, "…who think more like cats than dogs". In my experience with spotlighting foxes, I have found on quite a few occasions, foxes actually playing with cats, with no animosity towards each other. Perhaps that explains why dogs hate foxes so much.
 Thank you for your fine website.
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Elaine asked, "If applications are isolated, how can separate applications requiring integration work together? Do they have to be packaged as part of the same VSP?"
Hi Elaine. Active Virtual Software Packages are visible system-wide. So virtualized applications interact normally with each other and with processes running from the base. "Isolation" refers to when there are duplications on the system -- e.g., two different versions of the same DLL at the same path, in two different VSPs. SVS ensures that each application sees only the version it needs to run correctly.


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Essentials of Tourism
For orders to USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand or Japan visit your local Pearson website
|This title is also available in the following alternative formats:|
Essentials of Tourism offers a concise and student-friendly introduction to the field of tourism.
Written in a lively and engaging style, the book boasts an extensive range of case studies from around the world, and provides you with a coherent and consistent text, blending tourism principles and theory with practice. Each chapter features three case studies which illustrate contemporary practice in the leisure and tourism industry. Examples are drawn from a wide variety of destinations from around the globe, giving this text a truly international approach.
The book is the essential companion for undergraduate students studying Tourism and Tourism Management. It is accompanied by a companion website packed with extra resources for both students and lecturers, including multiple choice questions, PowerPoint slides and links to further reading.
Section 1 Tourism Essentials: An Introduction
Chapter 1 Tourism Essentials
Section 2 Destination Essentials
Chapter 2 The Destination
Chapter 3 The Economic Consequences of Tourism
Chapter 4 The Environmental Consequences of Tourism
Chapter 5 The Social and Cultural Consequences of Tourism
Chapter 6 Sustainable Tourism
Section 3 Tourism Sector Essentials
Chapter 7 Attractions
Chapter 8 Hospitality
Chapter 9 Intermediaries
Chapter 10 Transport
Chapter 11 Government and Tourism
Section 4 Tourism Demand and Marketing Essentials
Chapter 12 Demand
Chapter 13 Tourism Marketing
Section 5 Tourism Futures: The Essentials
Chapter 14 Tourism Futures
Key themes include:
- Sustainability and the challenges faced by tourism around this crucial topic
- Tourism marketing and the role of e-tourism within the sector, ensuring students are up to date with the latest technology
- The role of the public sector in tourism, including policy and planning, giving students a balanced view
Professor Chris Cooper is Dean of the Business School at Oxford Brooks University and is also a successful and experienced co-author of Tourism: Principles and Practice (Pearson Education). He has extensive international experience, having been involved in research and consulting projects in every region of the world.


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Tumble polished unakite pebbles
Unakite carving
First discovered in the United States in the Unakas mountains of North Carolina from which it gets its name, unakite is an altered granite composed of pink orthoclase feldspar, green epidote, and generally colorless quartz. It exists in various shades of green and pink and is usually mottled in appearance. A good quality unakite is considered a semiprecious stone; it will take a good polish and is often used in jewelry as beads or cabochons and other lapidary work such as eggs, spheres and animal carvings. It is also referred to as epidotized or epidote granite. In some of the Blue Ridge occurrences, an epidotized augen gneiss is present exhibiting foliation structures.
The dominant green epidote in unakite rocks is the metasomatic alteration product of plagioclase feldspar, while the orthoclase and quartz crystals remain unaffected.
Unakite can be found as pebbles and cobbles from glacial drift in the beach rock on the shores of Lake Superior. It also occurs in Virginia where it is found in the river valleys after having been washed down from the Blue Ridge Mountains. Unakite is not limited to the United States, and has also been reported in South Africa, Sierra Leone, Brazil, and China. Some material labeled unakite lacks the feldspar and is more properly called epidosite, and is also used as beads and cabochons.
R. V. Dietrich Gemrocks: Unakite