text:
Houston hosted this year's annual conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Management of Data (SIGMOD). During the five-day event (June 10-15), several awards were presented to a select group of participants. One of the most coveted of these awards is the Best Demonstration Award, won this year by Professor Anastasia Ailamaki and her student Eleni Tzirita Zacharatou. Both are attached to EPFL's Data-Intensive Applications and Systems Laboratory. Prof. Ailamaki is Lab Director and Ms Zacharatou is pursuing her doctoral program in computer and communication sciences.
The demonstration proposals received by the organizers went through rigorous and highly competitive selection criteria, leaving only one winner at the end of a six-month process: the EPFL duo's presentation on "Interactive Visual Exploration of Spatio-Temporal Urban Data Sets using Urbane." It was selected for showcasing an exciting and novel data management technology, backed by the extraordinary research and development efforts of the presenters.
Elucidating their work in the paper, the researchers highlight the burgeoning number of datasets emerging in urban environments and from sensor applications associated with human interactions. That presents new opportunities for data-driven approaches to understand and improve cities. Visual analytics systems like Urbane help domain experts explore multiple datasets in different spatial and temporal resolutions. The main challenge in using systems like Urbane is to attain interactivity. Conventional approaches are not effective in supporting ad-hoc query constraints or polygons of arbitrary shapes. To tackle this constraint, the researchers propose the Raster Join approach, which converts a spatial aggregation query into a set of drawing operations on a canvas and leverages the rendering pipeline of the graphics hardware (GPU). In the process, Raster Join analyzes queries on the fly at interactive speeds on laptops and desktops. In their prize-winning demonstration, they integrated Raster Join with Urbane to enable interactivity.
The members of SIGMOD include software developers, academic and industrial researchers, practitioners, users, and students. Over the years, the SIGMOD/PODS conference has become one of the most significant and selective events in the domain of data-driven management systems and technologies.


text:
Rains encourage young crocodiles to disperse, often into small pans inland, away from all the competition in the major rivers and dams. These wet periods are a test of vigilance and resilience in young reptiles. They have to learn all their competitive skills. If they survive this ordeal they will be normally be successful as adults.
This was the scenario we came across in the Linyanti area of Botswana. A pack of Cape Hunting dogs spent time charging and teasing a Nile crocodile only to give up after two hours.
Click on the images then scroll through to see as a slideshow.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Combat Water Survival Training
The combat water survival training (CWST) is a requirement of all ROTC cadets. Cadets are required to conduct a 3-meter drop into water, blind folded and carrying a mock M-16 rifle. They are also required to swim 15 meters in uniform with gear while keeping a mock M-16 rifle out of the water. Additionally, cadets must demonstrate removal techniques of their equipment while submerged. For this requirement, cadets must jump into deep water wearing load bearing equipment. While underwater, they must release the equipment, swim to the surface and reach the edge. The last task cadets must perform is creating a floatation device with their BDU or ACU trousers.


Christianity, Culture, Politics, Social Justice
Some thoughts on intersectionality and "activist science"
I've been doing some reading on intersectionality1 recently, and I came across an article by a feminist psychologist named Stephanie Shields. She argues that intersectionality should be an urgent concern for behavioral scientists and should determine the outcomes of their research. Shields writes:
"Intersectionality is an urgent issue because it is critical to the effective, activist science that feminist psychology should be. The goal of activist science itself is not to create policy, but to inform it. Research undertaken from an intersectionality perspective does originate from a point of view which includes an agenda for positive social change, but the agenda requires data to support it. This approach reflects a belief that science can be beneficial to society and that it is our obligation to study scientifically those problems and issues that bear on real people's lived experience."
-Stephanie A. Shields, "Gender: An Intersectionality Perspective," Sex Roles 59 (2008): 309.
Thomas Kuhn famously said that science is theory-laden. If Shields is correct, intersectional science seems theory-burdened, or theory-predetermined. Shields contends for "activist science." In other words, it's not merely that the scientist has biases that inevitably (though perhaps unintentionally) shape his research. Shields is arguing that the behavioral scientist should have a bias for intersectional theory, and that the theory should function as an agenda in search of facts to support it.
To the degree that behavioral sciences are being conducted in this way and to the degree that they become an apology for intersectional theory, we should not be surprised to find conflict between such "science" and traditional religious perspectives (including Christianity). But it is crucial to note that the conflict is not between real science and Christianity, but between a thinly veiled feminist theory and Christianity. The feminist theory masquerades as "science," but it is not really that at all. It is a religion of first principles predetermining which facts are relevant and which ones need to be suppressed or discarded because they don't support intersectional theory.
This is just a reminder that not all "science" is true science. The discerning reader will understand that there is a difference between facts and evidence and the evaluation of facts and evidence. Sometimes there are agendas at work shaping the way researchers construe the evidence. Oftentimes, it is the evaluation of the facts and evidence that reveals that underlying worldview of the researcher.
For example, in 2013 the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders removed "Gender Identity Disorder" from its list of psychiatric disorders and replaced it with "Gender Dysphoria." Did they remove it because scientists had uncovered some new facts or evidence showing it no longer to be a disorder? No, that is not why they did it. As I have pointed out before in this space, the diagnosis was changed to remove the stigma of transgender identities being labeled as a "disorder." Consider also, for example, how the scientific community has responded to the research of Mark Regnerus and Paul McHugh. Has the negative response been based on facts and evidence? Or has it been based on the fact that these men sometimes reach conclusions that depart from predetermined outcomes?


text:
Cities and organizations in the US state of Maryland have found an original and ecologically sound method to cut the weeds from their parks and gardens: Bring in the goats.
Brian Knox, owner of Eco-Goats, a business based in Davidsonville, Maryland, said the hungry animals graze on dense vegetation and munch unwanted weeds and invasive plants while also leaving fertilizer behind for the grasses that people want.
"There is poison ivy and all kinds of stuff that you know people don't want to go in there for, and the goats don't seem to mind that much," he said.
Eco-Goats, which has been in business for three years, often brings dozens of goats to the site that a customer hopes to clear, then puts up electric fences and allows the goats to graze for days.
One group of 30 goats can clear 100 square meters of brush per day, according to Eco-Goats. Because the animals are agile and good climbers, they can often get to hard-to-reach vegetation.
When the work is finished, the goats have left behind their droppings which serve as fertilizer, said Eco-Goats, which charges about $5,750 for 2.5 acres.
In Gaithersburg, Maryland, the conservation group Izaak Walton League of America (IWLA), in partnership with the city, called on the goats to remove harmful, invasive species in the parks that it protects.
"It's such an innovative, sustainable way of removing invasive species, and you get to hang out with some cute goats while you're doing it," said Rebecca Wadler, an IWLA Sustainability Education Program Associate.
Explore further: Front-row seats to climate change

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The Great Recession, it seemed, didn't play favorites; nearly everyone suffered. A new paper co-authored by a UC Santa Barbara researcher, however, reveals that female entrepreneurs were much more likely than men to suffer discrimination in getting financing.
"Unequal Hard Times: The Influence of the Great Recession on Gender Bias in Entrepreneurial Financing," in Sociological Science online, by Sarah Thébaud, an assistant professor of sociology at UCSB, and Amanda Sharkey of the University of Chicago, examines how and why the financial downturn disproportionately affected businesses run by women.
Thébaud, whose research has focused on gender inequality in entrepreneurship, explained that during the height of the recession, a combination of financial uncertainty and stricter lending standards led lenders and venture capitalists to favor men over women. Known as cognitive bias, it worked like this: In an environment in which lenders lacked objective information, they unconsciously relied on cultural stereotypes that hold men are more competent entrepreneurs than women.
"There's a lot of literature suggesting that when there's uncertainty in the environment or the outcomes of a particular performance are going to be unclear," Thébaud noted, "under those circumstances people are more likely to rely on stereotypes about cultural categories like gender or race when they're making evaluative decisions."
In "normal" times, Thébaud observed, lenders make decisions based on objective information, and the gender of the entrepreneur is not as significant a factor. But one of the hallmarks of the Great Recession was uncertainty.
"You would think in times of uncertainty people would be more rational than they would otherwise, which would mean they would be relying more on these objective indicators," Thébaud said. "But in fact we find the opposite, so people are even less rational in these times. I think the uncertainty makes people go a little nuts. They go back to an older way, if you will, of evaluating these companies. Maybe they see a male-led firm and they think, 'He fits the part more' in terms of what we would expect for a successful company. That's a cognitive bias."
In addition, Thébaud said, firms led by women were held to stricter standards during the recession. "Women-led firms that had a low credit score were especially likely to be penalized, whereas if men-led firms had a low credit rating, it didn't matter," she explained.
Thébaud and Sharkey analyzed data from a study that followed a sample of 4,928 businesses started in 2004. They found that even in "good" years of stability and adequate objective information, firms led by women fared slightly worse than those led by men. The bias isn't nearly as pronounced as what they found during the recession, Thébaud noted.
"We're comparing maleand female-led firms that are the same size in the same industry, making the same money with the same credit rating — all of that sort of thing," Thébaud said. "When we do that we find that in general, female-led firms, even net of all of those things, they tend to be less likely to successfully get financing. But that gender gap is only really significant or meaningfully large during those recession years. During non-recession years we actually find that it's not that big. It's still a negative affect, so women-led firms are still getting less money, but it's not as big."


CommitCheck Documentation
Setup Guide
This guide explains how to setup CommitCheck.
Signup and add your regex
1. Signing up is easy, just click on one of the 'Sign in with Github' buttons on the homepage.
2. CommitCheck will ask you to authenticate with Github, this is all that's needed to create an account with CommitCheck. Simply sign in with your Github credentials.
Github omniauth
After registering or signing in, you'll be taken to the admin panel where you can specify a matcher (see section on matchers for help).
Admin panel
Add the CommitCheck GitHub App to your project
After signing up and adding a matcher, you need to allow your Github project to talk to CommitCheck.
1. Go to the CommitCheck App homepage and click 'configure'.
Github app homepage
2. Then choose which organisation you'd like to configure CommitCheck for
Github app configure
2. Next you can choose whether you want CommitCheck to have access to all repos or specific repos. The app will also show you which permissions CommitCheck requires.
Github app setup page
3. Once that's all done, you'll see CommitCheck added to your personal settings.
Github app success page
If you have any problems setting this up, please send a message.
CommitCheck supports any ruby regular expression. I recommend Rubular for testing a regex. Here are some examples:
JIRA ticket number regex
\[[A-Z]{3}-\d*\] will match on a JIRA number of the format "ABC-123".
Multiline commit messages
(?=.*Jira Ticket number: )(?=.*What does this address\?)(?=.*What was the solution\?) will match the following commit message:
"Jira Ticket number: RSB-111
What does this address? A new feature.
What was the solution? Some awesome code."
Check Status
CommitCheck can run against commit messages, PR titles or PR descriptions. This section explains how build results are displayed.
Regardless of how you've configured CommitCheck, PRs get marked as pass/fail on the following events:
 - Opening a PR
 - Pushing a commit or rebase
 - Updating a PR description or title
If the check is successful, CommitCheck will mark your commit as passed:
Commitcheck commit message success check
If the check is unsuccessful, CommitCheck will mark your commit as failed:
Commitcheck commit message failed check
Next, we'll cover how CommitCheck determines and displays the status for different configurations:
Against Commit Messages
CommitCheck will look at each commit in your PR and check each of them against your regex. If any of the commits fail to match the regex then CommitCheck will fail the PR.
You can click on the details page to get a breakdown of each commit. The details page lists each commit and whether it passed or failed the regex:
Commitcheck status page
Against The Pull Request Title
The status page for pull request title checks has not been built. Right now, it will just redirect to
Against The Pull Request Description
The status page for pull request description checks has not been built. Right now, it will just redirect to
Anything Else..
If you would like to request any other regex examples or suggest any features,
please send a message.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am trying to learn loops and array manipulation in zsh.
Say I have two arrays in zsh with the same unknown # of elements and each of them containing a list of paths, e.g.
I would like to iterate through both arrays simultaneously with a common index, so that I can do something like:
hg pull $REMOTE_PATH_i
in each iteration. How can I do this in zsh?
Also, I have searched for loop control and arrays in the zsh documentation but had little success. Is there a good tutorial that introduces the basics of loops, arrays, etc. in zsh? Something for people with little bash or shell-scripting experience but with a background in programming?
share|improve this question
add comment
1 Answer
up vote 5 down vote accepted
Section 15.2.1 "Array Subscripts" says that arrays can be index with [exp] (where exp is a numeric expression) and that elements start at index 1 (0 if KSH_ARRAYS is set).
Section 14.3 "Parameter Expansion" says that the syntax ${_TAG_} will expand to the number of elements of an array.
Section 6.3 "Complex Commands" gives the syntax for a numeric for loop (as in C):
for (( initExpr ; testExpr ; stepExpr )) do … done.
Putting them all together:
for (( i = 1; i <= $_TAG_; i++ )) do
 ( # subshell to contain the effect of the chdir
 cd $LOCAL_PATH[i]
 hg pull $REMOTE_PATH[i]
Or, if you are using KSH_ARRAYS, then this:
for (( i = 0; i < ${_TAG_[*]}; i++ )) do
 ( # subshell to contain the effect of the chdir
 cd ${LOCAL_PATH[i]}
 hg pull ${REMOTE_PATH[i]}
Using KSH_ARRAYS makes arrays start with index 0, requires the use of braces for array expressions, and interprets $array as $array[0] (requiring a change to the array length expression). The syntax changes required by KSH_ARRAY will also work without KSH_ARRAY, but you still have to adjust the logic for the different index range (1 through N versus 0 through N-1).
share|improve this answer
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Your Answer


_USER_{Manzini2004Vague, abstract = {We propose a novel approach to modelling time preferences, based on a cognitive shortcoming of human decision makers: the perception of future events becomes increasingly?blurred? as the events are pushed further in time. We axiomatise a class of preference representations which can be specialised to rationalise?anomalies? such as preference reversals and cyclical preferences. We also present an application to a form of time inconsistency which we dub?the now or never fallacy?.}, author = {Paola Manzini and Marco Mariotti}, copyright = {_URL_ keywords = {D90; C70; A12; 330; time preferences; hyperbolic discounting; preference reversal; cycles; intransitive preferences; Zeitpr\"{a}ferenz; Verhaltens\"{o}konomik; Pr\"{a}ferenztheorie; Zeitkonsistenz; Theorie; now or never fallacy}, language = {eng}, number = {1228}, title = {A Vague Theory of Choice over Time}, type = {IZA Discussion paper series}, url = {_URL_ year = {2004} }


The Christmas Table Next post: The Christmas table
What were your top dictionary lookups of the last three months? Previous Post: What were your top dictionary look-ups of the last three months?
Let them eat cake! Twelve facts about cake
Cake, in one form or another, has been around for centuries. From its humble beginnings as a flattened, hardened bread, the concept of 'cake' has changed significantly to become an essential part of British culinary identity.
Here at Oxford Dictionaries, we love a bit of etymology to go with our cake, and today we share some language facts about our favourite afternoon snack.
Twelve facts about cake:
1. In Roman times, eggs and butter were often added to basic bread to give a consistency that we would recognize as cake-like, and honey was used as a sweetener. The distinction between Roman concepts of cake and bread was therefore very blurred.
3. According to The Diner's Dictionary, the proverb 'you can't have your cake and eat it' first appears as early as the 16th century, however, the proverb 'a piece of cake' was not coined until the 20th century and is possibly related to the cakewalk competition.
4. The word 'cake' comes from Middle English kake, and is probably a borrowing from Old Norse (compare the modern Norwegian kake, as well as Icelandic and Swedish kaka). It is also related to the German word for cake, Kuchen. Interestingly, the French, Spanish, and Italian words for 'cake' do not share a common root; they are gâteau, pastel, and torta respectively. They are, however, related to the English words 'gateau', 'pastry', and 'tart'.
5. The meaning of 'cake' has changed over time, and the first cake (according to the original Oxford English Dictionary definition), was:
'A comparatively small flattened sort of bread, round, oval, or otherwise regularly shaped, and usually baked hard on both sides by being turned during the process.'
6. The Oxford Dictionary of Superstitions cites examples of cakes being made for superstitious reasons. A 'soul cake', in various parts of England, is made on All Souls' Day and kept for good luck, while a 'burial cake' was kept close to the head of a dead person, and one had to have a piece of the cake in one's mouth when looking at the body.
7. The French word for cake – gateau – entered the English language in the 19th century and was often used to refer to a savoury dish that included meat. The OED has citations for 'veal gateau' and 'fish gateau'.
8. The famous saying, 'let them eat cake', was attributed to Marie Antoinette upon learning that her people had no bread, but the saying was probably much older. In his Confessions, Rousseau refers to a similar remark being a well-known saying, and another version 'why don't they eat pastry?' is attributed to Marie Thérèse, who was born more than a century before Marie Antoinette.
9. The original cup-cakes were so called because they were cakes made from ingredients measured by the cupful, and a citation in the OED from 1887 reads, 'Mis'Steele made some cup-cake to-day... She put a cup of butter and two whole cups of sugar in it.'
10. In Scotland, and parts of Wales and northern England, cake took on the specific meaning of 'a thick, hard biscuit made from oatmeal'. From the 17th to 19th centuries, Scotland was humorously known as the 'Land of Cakes' and until comparatively recently, according to The Diner's DictionaryHogmanay was also known as 'Cake Day' from the custom of calling on people's houses at New Year and having cake.
11. The French language has borrowed the word 'cake' to refer to various sorts of rich fruit cake.
12. Birthdays used to be celebrated quite differently, as the first birthday cake was originally a cake given as an offering on a person's birthday. The first citation of 'birthday cake' in the OED, from 1785, reads 'His birth-day cakes crowd on him in such store, The house abounds.'


text:
What is dry ice blasting? We get that question a lot. Dry ice blasting is also known as dry ice cleaning, which is why we also get the question, "Why would you clean dry ice?"
Most folk's experience with dry ice is limited to using it for food preservation over long trips or using it to make a fog like effect in Halloween decorations. Yet, dry ice has a number of commercial and industrial applications. Dry ice cleaning, or dry ice blasting, is one of the most common uses for dry ice in industrial and manufacturing settings.
So what is it?
Dry ice cleaning is an environmentally responsible cleaning and surface preparation technique.
It is similar to sand, bead and soda blasting in that it prepares and cleans surfaces using a media accelerated in a pressurized air stream. It differs in that dry ice cleaning uses solid carbon dioxide (CO2) pellets or MicroParticles, which are blasted at supersonic speeds and sublimate on impact, lifting dirt and contaminants off the underlying substrate.
Properties of dry ice blasting
- Environmentally responsible
- Compressed air source (either plant air or an air compressor)
- Electric power source
- Dry ice supply
Types of dry ice media used for dry ice blasting
The size and density of the dry ice particle greatly affects the resulting clean. Different sized particles are used for different cleaning applications.
There are two types of media used in the process.
1) Dry ice pellets
2) Dry ice MicroParticles
1) Dry ice pellets
- 3mm in size (roughly rice sized)
- Used for a more aggressive clean, getting rid of the most stubborn contaminants
- Sugar-sized particles
- Used to clean delicate and sensitive surfaces
- Less aggressive than pellets
- More media strikes the surface per second
- Increased coverage area
- More particle strikes per square inch
- Less air power is needed to accelerate dry ice (less noise)
Still have questions about Dry Ice Blasting? Download our Definitive Guide


text:
Colorado Flora, Eastern Slope: A Field Guide to the Vascular Plants Fourth edition
paper, 555 pp., $27.95
Containing the latest taxonomic knowledge, these works bring readers up to date on the flora of Colorado. The wide variations in altitude, due to the range of mountains, basins, and plains within the botanical region, provide habitats for an equally significant variation in species. Distinguished in their scientific field, the authors have spent decades examining the flora and and understanding the differences between species. This work reflects an intimacy with the subject as well as with the history of field botany and its future. Supplementary materials include drawings of plants, suggested readings, an index to common and scientific names, and references.
— Marilyn K. Alaimo, garden writer and volunteer, Chicago Botanic Garden
- enjoy your visit
- at the garden
- your garden
- support us


text:
TB in African Americans
This is an archived document. The links and content are no longer being updated.
Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in African-American Population, United States _PHONE_ - Slide Text
Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in African-American Population,
United States _PHONE_
Kenneth G. Castro, M.D., Assistant Surgeon General, USPHS,
Director, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination
National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention*
Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases
The resurgence of TB in the mid 1980s was marked by several years of increasing case counts followed by a steeper rise for several years. Trends in TB cases decreased from approximately 26,000 in 1982 to approximately 22,000 cases in 1984. The trend began to rise again around 1988 until it peaked to approximately 27,000 cases in 1992. From 1992 to 2005, the total number of TB cases has decreased each year. In 2005, a total of 14,093 TB cases were reported in the United States.
In 2004, 82% of all reported TB cases occurred in racial and ethnic minorities (29% in Hispanics, 28% in non-Hispanic black or African Americans, 23% in Asians, 1% in American Indian or Alaska Natives, and <1% in Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanders), whereas 18% of cases occurred in non-Hispanic whites.
In 2004, the TB rate for blacks was 8.3 times greater than for whites.
Several factors likely contribute to the burden of TB in minorities:
- Among people from countries where TB is common, TB disease may result from an infection acquired in their country of origin.
- Among racial and ethnic minorities unequal distribution of TB risk factors, particularly HIV infection, can also increase the chance of developing the disease.
This is a comparison of TB cases reported from 1993 to 2004, by nativity and race/ethnicity group. For all reported TB cases (n = 223,583) between 1993 - 2004, among persons who were:
- White, non-Hispanic, 89% (n = 47,534) were U.S.-born and 11% (n = 6111) were foreign-born;
- Black, non-Hispanic, 85% (n = 61,379) were U.S.-born and 15% (n = 10,924) were foreign-born;
- Hispanic, were 32% (n = 16,613) and 68% (n = 34,655) were foreign-born;
- American Indian/Alaska Native, 98% (n = 2881) were U.S.-born and 2% (n = 63) were foreign-born;
- Asian/Pacific Islander, 6% (n = 2561) were U.S.-born and 94% (n =
40,862) were foreign-born.
Verified cases of TB in U.S.-born, reported from 1993 through 2004 by race/ethnicity. The largest proportion occurred among Black, non-Hispanics, with 47% (n = 61,379).
For other U.S.-born populations, White, non-Hispanics accounted for 36% (n = 47, 534), Hispanics accounted for 13% (n = 16,613), American Indian/Alaska Natives (n = 2,881) and Asian/Pacific Islanders (n = 2,561) accounted for 2% each.
There were 4,884 cases of TB in U.S. born persons in 2004. Non-Hispanic, blacks accounted for 2675 cases. Seventy-percent of the cases in blacks were male, with the median age of 46 years. Non-Hispanic, whites accounted for 2,209 cases. Sixty-seven percent of the cases in whites were male, with the median age of 57 years.
Time-trends in TB rates for U.S.-born populations. Differences to note are that the highest TB rates in the US born population are consistently seen in Black, non-Hispanics. Rates in Black, non-Hispanics decreased from 28.0/100,000 cases in 1993 to 9.1/100,000 in 2004. Rates in White, non-Hispanics decrease from 3.4/100,000 in 1993 to 1.1/100,000 in 2004.
The TB case rate in Black, non-Hispanics is consistently 8 times that of White, non-Hispanics from 1993 - 2004.
This map shows TB cases reported by state from 2000-2004. The states colored white have reported less than 100 cases, states colored blue have reported between 100 – 399 cases, and the states colored pink have reported greater than 400 cases in U.S.-born blacks between 2000-2004.
Between 1993 and 2004, the percent of TB cases in persons with history of substance abuse remained relatively higher in non-Hispanic blacks (from 26% in 1993 to 34% in 2004 ) than in non-Hispanic whites (from almost 16% in 1993 to 27% in 2004.)
Substance abuse is defined as persons injecting drugs, using non-injecting drugs, or excess alcohol use in year prior to TB diagnosis.
Percent of HIV co-infection in persons reported with TB decreased between 1993 and 2004. This proportion remained consistently higher in non-Hispanic, blacks (21.3% in 1993, down to 16.4% in 2004) than in non-Hispanic, whites (8.6% in 1993, decreasing to 4% in 2004.)
In non-Hispanic blacks, 6% were diagnosed with TB in 1993, and remained relatively stable over time (5.7% in 2004). In contrast, in non-Hispanic whites, it fluctuated between 2.9% when they were diagnosed with TB in 1993 compared to 3.1% in 2004
The percent of homelessness fluctuated around 10% between 1993 and 2004 and was similar in non-Hispanic, blacks and non-Hispanic, whites.
Percent unemployment has remained similar for non-Hispanic, blacks and non-Hispanic, whites, over the 10 years between 1994 and 2004, fluctuating around 2/3 of all reported TB cases.
In 2004, the majority (59%) of non-Hispanic, blacks diagnosed with TB received TB care at the health department, 17% were seen by private providers, and 23% by a combination of the two.
The overall completion rate for:
- White, non-Hispanic persons was 86%; Black, non-Hispanic persons was 86%; Hispanic persons was 81%; American Indian/Alaska Native persons was 88%; and Asian/Pacific Islanders was 83%.
The rate for completion with 1 year for:
- White, non-Hispanic persons was 76%; Black, non-Hispanic persons was 72%; Hispanic persons was 73%; American Indian/Alaska Native persons was 79%; and Asian/Pacific Islanders was 76%.
Cohorts lag behind by almost 2 years, and completion rates in non-Hispanic, blacks are similar to those reported for non-Hispanic, whites.
One-year treatment completion rates have improved in both non-Hispanic, blacks and non-Hispanic, whites with TB. These one year treatment completion rates have increased from 60.2% in non-Hispanic, blacks and 68.5% in non-Hispanic, whites in 1993, to 80.5% and 82.5%, respectively in 2002.
- TB rates steadily declined between _PHONE_ in all race/ethnic groups; African-Americans are largest U.S.-born group (47%).
- TB rates among African-Americans consistently >8 times higher than whites throughout _PHONE_. Closing the race/ethnic gap crucial to elimination.
- Geographic concentration of TB in African-Americans in Southeast and Northeast.
- TB in African-Americans associated with HIV, substance abuse, incarceration.
- Completion of therapy similar and improving in both groups.
Slide 18. Quote: "Insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results." - Albert Einstein
Slide 19. The cover of the Institute of Medicine's report cover, entitled Ending Neglect: The Elimination of Tuberculosis in the United States.
For U.S.-born, non-Hispanic, black TB cases, 12 (.5%) were classified as multi-drug resistant TB (MDR TB) in which the TB was resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin, 488 (16%) were HIV-positive, and 1001 (34%) had a history of substance abuse. For U.S.-born, non-Hispanic, white TB cases, 10 (.5%) were classified as MDR TB, 89 (4%) were HIV-positive, and 609 (27%) had a history of substance abuse.


Variable mm6 : How many of these sisters ever reached age 15?
Type: Continuous
Format: numeric
Width: 8
Decimal(s): 0
Range: 0-98
Invalid: 98
Valid case(s): 22770
Invalid: 13803
Minimum: 0
Maximum: 13
Mean: 2.4
Standard deviation: 1.5
File: hl
De jure household members (usual residents)
Source of information
Head of household or other responsible household member
Value Category
98 Don't know
Literal question
How many of these sisters have survive at the age of 15 and above (including those died after their 15th birthday)?
Interviewer instructions
Record the number of sisters who reached age 15 in the spaces provided, this may include sisters who are alive now and who have died at some point after reaching their 5th birthday.


text:
Can Chickens Lay More Than One Egg a Day?
If you have chickens, or are considering chickens, you might be wondering if it's possible for one chicken to lay more than one egg a day. This question can easily send you down a rabbit hole of research, looking into chicken fertility, breeds that lay the most, and how long chickens can be expected to produce eggs. But fear not! We have all the answers for you here.
How your chicken makes eggs
In order to understand how many eggs to expect from a chicken, it is useful to understand the chicken's reproductive cycle. According to this article from PennState Extension, this cycle begins within 30 minutes after the last egg was laid. At this point, a new yolk forms in the hen's ovary. Once the yolk is large enough, the egg can be fertilized. This initiates the process of growing the egg which takes a little more than 24 hours. During this period only one egg is produced.
At this point you might be thinking to yourself, "I'm certain I've heard someone say that their hen lays more than one egg!" While there may be rare hens that have this ability (and why not, if there are people with six fingers on one hand) they are certainly not the norm. There are several more likely answers though.
It can be pretty easy to miss an egg, especially if you're checking early in the morning before you've had a cup of coffee to perk you up. (I've been known to do this once or twice.) It's also possible that you hen has an odd laying cycle. If she dropped an egg late at night and then later in the morning the next time, it may seem like she dropped two eggs in a few hours when in reality we just missed her window.
This news might seem a little disappointing if you were having dreams of owning just one or two hens and having cartons upon cartons of fresh eggs to share with friends or neighbors. If we take a look at it from the chicken's perspective though, we can understand why laying one egg at a time is better for your bird.
According to Dr. Jacquie Jacob from the University of Kentucky, the way hens lay eggs is part of their nature as a prey species. Chickens lay once per day over a period of consecutive days. Because the eggs contain all the nutrients needed to feed the chicks for a few days after hatching, spacing the eggs out means that if a hen had to leave the nest to avoid a predator, she could come back a few days later and at least some of her young would still be healthy.
The eggs a hen lays in a group is called a clutch. Once the hen lays her clutch, she takes a little break to prepare for motherhood. This system of laying eggs in clutches is important to understand how many eggs a hen can produce in a year.
Why a chicken might not be laying eggs
When a hen lays all the eggs in a clutch, she needs a little break before she can start producing eggs again. If you have chickens, you might notice that your chicken does not always lay an egg every day, and this is part of the reason. A chicken's reproductive cycle is also very dependent on light.
Most hens require a certain number of hours of light each day to produce their egg. Under normal circumstances, hens ovulate before 3 pm each day, as long as they are experiencing a normal daylight cycle. Not getting enough sunlight could reduce your bird's fertility. Happiness and nutrition are also key to making sure your chicken consistently produces eggs.
Breeds that lay the most eggs
Some breeds of chicken can lay more eggs in a clutch meaning that they spend less time each year recovering and more time producing. These breeds tend to have smaller bodies, so they tend to be egg producers only instead of being used for eggs and poultry.
Breeds like the ISA Brown chicken are known for both high production (a whopping 300 eggs per year) and for being very docile. This breed is particularly popular with families and backyard farmers, as the hens tend to be calm and quiet.
- Over 200 Varieties to Choose From
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Another popular high-production breed is the Rhode Island Red. This chicken's size makes it a good dual-purpose bird. The Red can lay 250 eggs in a year, which is very impressive.
Read More: 6 Best Egg Laying Chicken Breeds
If you've seen the old cartoon character Foghorn Leghorn, then you are already familiar with the Leghorn breed. The Leghorn is known for its pure white body and bright red comb, an iconic look. This distinctive white bird lays about 250 eggs in a year.
There are several other breeds that can lay 200 or more eggs in a year, and it can be a tough choice if you are shopping around. It is a great idea to consider what you need. If you plan to have your chicken coop in the backyard, a quiet or friendlier breed is a great choice. It is also helpful to consider how long you would like your chicken to produce eggs for, which brings me to my next point.
Hens produce less as they age
It is a natural part of the aging process for a hen to produce fewer eggs as she ages. According to the folks over at The Happy Chicken Coop hens typically produce the most eggs for the first 18 months to two years. At that point, commercial farmers typically cull their chickens and replace them with younger birds.
Producing more eggs over a shorter period of time will put more strain on a chicken's body. The exertion of constant production combined with genetic problems from breeding chickens for egg production only has an effect. This means that high yield hens like the ISA Brown are going to have shorter lives and more health problems, especially after they hit that two year mark.
If your goal is to have hens that will lay more consistently and for longer, it may be a good idea to look into a lower yield breed. Heritage hens, in particular, are known to be productive for five to seven years.
Although your chickens won't be laying several eggs per day, if you make sure that they are happy and healthy you will likely find that they still produce well. Understanding your hen's reproductive cycle and breed goes a long way in being happy tender of chickens. I hope you feel better informed and ready to start your own coop. Happy farming!
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What does the name Aagyapal mean? What is the meaning of the name Aagyapal?
Meaning of Aagyapal: Name Aagyapal in the Punjabi origin, means the name aagyapal means the one who upholds the state obedience, One Who Maintains Obedience. Name Aagyapal is of Punjabi origin and is a Boy name. People with name Aagyapal are usually Sikh by religion.


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Aboriginal associations with the park area
Barrington Tops National Park and State Conservation Area overlie the territories of several Aboriginal groups:
- the eastern side is the traditional country of the Worimi and Biripi people
- the southern valleys were occupied by the Gringai clan of the Worimi people
- the western side is Wonnarua country.
The Biripi took in the area between Tuncurry, Taree and Gloucester. Worimi territory extended from Barrington Tops and Forster in the north to Maitland and the Hunter River in the south.
The Worimi, Biripi and Wonnarua were divided into a number of nurras or clans. Nurras were local groups within tribes, each occupying a definite part of the tribal territory. Both the Worimi and Biripi spoke the Kattang language.
Aboriginal people were hunters and gatherers who moved throughout their territory in response to the seasonal availability of food. This meant that the land's resources were naturally replenished.
Clans occupied the valleys year round, visiting the plateaus in spring and summer to gather food. The coastal clans would move to the tops during winter to hunt kangaroos, possums and wombats.
A wide range of plant foods was collected from the lowland forests. The edible fruits found in the Barrington Tops area include:
- orange thorn
- giant stinging tree
- native cherry
- native raspberry
Other traditional plant foods include the bulbs of many orchids and the starch from the crown of tree ferns. There is also a report of starch from stinging tree roots being roasted to make a bread.
When Europeans settled in the Gloucester-Manning area in the 1820s and 1830s, the Aboriginal people lost their homelands to logging, clearing and livestock. Traditional hunting grounds were depleted, and sacred sites were destroyed. Wildlife dwindled. Oral history tells us that by 1840 the natural food supplies were almost exhausted.
Starving Aboriginal people began killing stock. The settlers and government troopers retaliated with random shootings and massacres. Around the Manning River basin, there were reports of waterholes and 'gifts' of food being laced with arsenic, known as 'the Harmony'.
The rugged lands of the Barrington Tops sometimes became a refuge for Aboriginal people, most famously for black outlaw Jimmy Governor.
Today, Barrington Tops National Park and State Conservation Area are important to today's Worimi, Biripi and Wonnarua communities, as an intact part of Aboriginal country.
Aboriginal sites in the park
The Aboriginal occupation of Barrington Tops is recorded in oral history, and in the presence of Aboriginal sites. Sites in the park include:
- open campsites with stone artefacts
- scarred trees
- ceremonial places
- mythological sites recorded in dreaming stories.
The Barrington Tops after colonisation
After government surveyors had explored the Barrington Tops area, 19th-century interest was limited to timbergetting, a little gold exploration, and summer grazing on the tops. At the turn of the 20th century, several large state forests were proclaimed. In 1905, grazier W.H. Edwards built a hut on Edwards Plain which later became a haven for adventurers, naturalists and holidaymakers.
Through the early 20th century, groups of gentlemen made their way to the tops for riding, hunting and fishing holidays. They approached on a bridle trail up The Corker or from the north. Scientific parties soon followed, attracted to the rich variety of landscapes, plants and animals. In 1915, a large expedition of geologists, botanists and entomologists camped at Edwards Hut and collected specimens.
Word of the Barrington Tops' delights spread quickly. In the early 1920s, there was talk of agriculture and a racecourse, golf course, and hydroelectric development. After heavy snow on the plateau in 1923, it was suggested that the area could be a wonderful playground for skiing and skating. In 1934, Newcastle City Council drew up a detailed plan for a tourist resort on the plateau. But road access up the steep southern slope of the plateau proved too difficult, and all the grand plans came to nothing.
The history of the park
Conservationist Myles Dunphy took a long walk over the tops with the Mountain Trails Club in the summer of 1924-5. He suggested a national park 'or better still, a primitive reserve' as an alternative to development. There were protests over logging and roadbuilding, even during World War II.
Through the 1950s, pressure for a national park grew - though others were pushing for more development. In 1959, the government decided to set aside two small areas, one on Gloucester Tops and the other in the Williams River area. The state forest system was also expanded. Finally, in 1969 Barrington Tops National Park was created from around 14,000 hectares of Crown land. Barrington Tops State Conservation Area was created in 2000.
From the 1970s to the 1990s, an intense community debate developed over whether the remaining native forests of NSW should be used for timber production or protected for conservation. Forest areas were progressively withdrawn from logging and added to the national park system. The rainforests were protected first, then the eucalypt forests.
The park was enlarged by major additions in 1984, 1997 and 1999. It was listed as World Heritage in 1986, and the Barrington Wilderness was declared in 1999.


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Recording videos with an external program
GTK - Record My Desktop
This recorder does not seem to create too much lag in processing, so videos should be smooth and there should be no problem while playing. First open up the program and it should start up with this screen:
- The Main Screen This main screen you have a few options: you can activate or deactive the recording of sound, via the check box. The two slide bars are a quick adjustment to the quality of your recording, before you record.
- Selecting a Window When you click the "select window" button, go over and click the Xmoto (or whichever) screen and it will draw a black box around that window and display a red outline in your GTk recorder screen. (NOTE: if you want just the Xmoto window to be recorded then click INSIDE the Xmoto window, NOT on the title bar.)
- Start and Stop of Recording After you have selected a window, before you push start you should see a red circle in your task bar like: You can either click this circle or you can click the record button on the main screen.:
- Encoding/Processing When you push stop it will bring up this screen and start to write out your video to a file. Depending on if you have "Encode on the fly" activated you may not see this screen.:
Advanced Screen from the button on the main screen:
- Files From this tab you can:
- Overwrite the file it records to, or have incremental file names (ie. video001, video002, video003, etc...)
- The Temporary Directory that it uses for recording the video. (sometimes it will not write the video out fully to your chosen directory and it will keep the completed video in the TEMP folder, so if you dont see it check the TEMP folder.)
- Performance From this tab you can:
- Frames per second change the rate at which the video will record in. (NOTE: the higher the fps, the more lag there will be. 15fps is smooth for human eyes, 24fps is movie, 30fps is normal tv, and this is what I use to get more detail for each second.) Frame Rate depends on how fast of a processor you have.
- Encode on the Fly means that it will record and process the video while it is recording it. This requires a lot of processing, but is you have the ability, then it will save when you are done recording.
- Zero Compression this will only work if you have encode on the fly active. this will require less processing power, but will require more hard disk space. This does not compress temporarily recorded files.
- Quick Subsampling this requires less processing, but may (and probably will) cause some color and other defects in the outputted video.
- Full shots at every frame use this when you are recording 3D windows.
- Sound From this tab you can:
- Channels is the amount of sound is recorded. Mono = 1 channel, Stereo = 2 channels. Stereo would give better quality, but if it requires too much processing, then do Mono or no sound at all.
- Frequency is the number of wavelengths recorded in a segment of audio data. Most Stereo sound files have 44100 frequency, but the higher the number the more processing is needed.
- Device is the audio device you are using, Default usually works just fine.
- Jack, used for those you use Jack as part of their sound output/input.
- Miscellaneous From this tab you can:
- Display is the connection to the Xserver. (not Xmoto server, but it is some other server.)
- Mouse Cursor, this enables the mouse to be seen or not seen while you are recording your video.
- Follow Mouse will keep the mouse centered in the video, but for recording Xmoto, I do not recommend this feature.
- MIT-Shm Extension, leaving this enabled is recommended, it allows for some memory extension. if it is disabled it will slow down the program drastically.
- Include Window Decorations will record the window decorations of what is being recorded.
- Tooltips, display pop-up windows that give a short description.
- Outline Capture Area On Screen will record the outline that the "select window" feature displays.
- Reset Capture Area, this will reset the "selected window" every time you stop recording. If you are recording multiple times in a row, I recommend that you do not have this active.
- Extra Options allows for separate commands that will allow the program to do other things.
Final Notes on GTK
- You should be able to leave most of the settings on default, but play with settings until you find out what does best for you and your computer ability. Otherwise have fun recording videos with GTK, here is an example of my video recording of the level "Lavine" for/posted/edited by Mig: (NOTE: the music was not recorded in this video it was added afterwards, I was not recording sound when I recorded this video.)
- Currently, I have not written any tutorial for this....


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Saturday, March 9, 2013 // 8:00AM–12:00Pm for Teachers of Grades K–2 // 1:00–5:00pm for Teachers of Grades 3–5 // Museum Studios & Galleries
There's more to a portrait than you might think. Portraits are often viewed as a mere depiction of a person when in actuality they are a visual text that can be read as biographies that communicate significant information about a person's life. This engaging workshop, using the Museum's collection, teaches how to help students build background knowledge. Teachers can apply this strategy to teaching historical and literary figures across the curriculum.
Jamin Carter is a visual artist and art educator. He holds a BFA in sculpture and painting and a Master's of Arts in Teaching in visual art education. He has taught in K-12 classrooms and currently teaches studio art and A.P. art history in a public high school in Memphis, Tennessee. He spent five years working as an art educator in three diverse Title I schools ranging from grades K-8. Additionally, he has worked as a mentor in elementary and middle school art classrooms modeling skills and techniques that utilize arts integration as well as other unique approaches to art education. Jamin has worked in various media such as oil painting, sculpture, and brush with ink. He currently has a studio in Memphis where he has exhibited work and served as a consultant for public art works with the Urban Arts Commission and Vita Brevis.
Having problems with online registration? Call _PHONE_.


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PREMIUM subscribers get additional grid functionality
Tips/tools for using data grids:
- Manual Filter: Single-click a row to highlight in orange. Click FILTER ROWS button to show only those rows in the grid
- Quick-Filter: Double-Click on a cell value to filter the grid on rows that have same value in same column. Click a statistic to view all values equal or higher
- Select Rows: Single-click rows to select multiple rows for future action or visibility.
- Hide Rows: Click the minus sign in the first column to hide the row in the grid.
- Restore Rows: Once rows are filtered, click RESTORE ROWS to show all rows once again
- Sort: Click a column in the first header row to sort data by values in that column. Click again to reverse the original sort. Some cells have custom sort keys that will sort them logically instead of alphanumerically.
- Compare/Analyze: Click multiple rows for players of interest. In addition to filtering, you can quickly COMPARE player stats or use the MULTI-PLAYER STAT VIEWER to view multiple player cards on the same page.
- Leaders: On stat grids. Top-10 ranked statistics are highlighted in gray. #1 rank is in light green. (PREMIUM setting)
- Export to CSV: Click CSV to convert the full grid into a comma-delimeted display. From there, you can copy/paste to another application.


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Data from the Met Office shows how rainfall was less than half the long term average for March, prompting hosepipe bans which were announced on 12 April.
The droughts were compounded by a lack of rainfall over previous years, leading to empty reservoirs and lower river flows.
April then saw a nearly twice the expected rainfall for that month compared to average rainfall from 1971 to 2000.
The hosepipe bans were lifted on 9 July, fewer than 90 days since they were put in place.
To illustrate the change, compare these two graphics provided by the Met Office.
Here is rainfall in March 2012, with some areas seeing less than a fifth of the expected rain...
...compared to rainfall three months later in June 2012, with most of the country experiencing more than twice the expected rainfall.


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A valid table name in the geodatabase cannot start with a number, it has to start with a character.
Follow proper table naming conventions:
- Names must begin with a letter, not a number or special character such as an asterisk (*) or percent sign (%).
- Names should not contain spaces. If you have a two-part name for your table or feature class, connect the words with an underscore (_), for example, garbage_routes.
- Names should not contain reserved words, such as select or add. Consult your DBMS documentation for additional reserved words.
- Names are limited to 32 characters. The database and schema names do not count toward your 32 characters.


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Estimation of pollutant fluxes through river systems calls for accurate and precise load estimation. However, considerable uncertainty is associated with these estimates due to diffuse loading, which sets high requirements not only on sampling frequencies but also on calculation methods. The aim was to examine the variation in load calculations and the reliability of the load estimates of total phosphorus, total nitrogen and suspended solids in 24 Baltic rivers varying in size and land-use characteristics. Reliability of the load estimates was tested by simulation experiments in the river Paimionjoki using a Monte Carlo procedure.
The estimates calculated by the most reliable method were compared to the loads estimated by five other methods. The general reliability (RMSE) for P and SS was best by the correlation method and for N by the periodic method. Load calculations varied greatly depending both on the characteristics of the rivers and the calculation method. The flow-stratified method overestimated the P and SS loads by about 20% in large low-lake rivers. In small low-lake rivers, the overestimation was 10% and over 14% for P and SS, respectively. By contrast, the averaging method underestimated P and SS loads by 10% and 21% in small agricultural low-lake rivers. All the methods produced rather similar results for N in each of the river types.


"Dinosaur Park" in Prince Georges County, Maryland, has only been open for two weekends, but it's already led to a probable noteworthy find.
(Image: Ribbon cutting ceremony for Dinosaur Park, MD. Credit: Prince George's County Department of Parks and Recreation )
The paleontologist in this case wasn't a professor with multiple degrees, but rather a 9-year-old girl who happened upon a small bone that experts believe belonged to a Cretaceous era raptor. The bone measures just about 1/2 inch long. Experts at the park think it was likely a vertebra from a raptor's tail. The bone is now on its way to the Smithsonian, where it will undergo further examination.
According to media reports, Gabrielle Block, the fourth-grader who unearthed the bone, was with her budding paleontologist sister, Rachel, and parents. They were sifting through dirt and debris left behind by a recent rain storm when she spotted the fossil. She showed it to her mother, Karin Block, who thought she could see little holes in it, where the marrow might have been.
If the bone is verified, it probably dates to 110 million years ago, when this part of Maryland enjoyed a tropical or sub-tropical climate. Dinosaurs, crocodiles, turtles and fish all flourished under the balmy conditions.
(Image: Maryland Geological Survey)
Maryland's Dinosaur Park sits within a 41-acre property. It's open from noon to 4 PM the first and third Saturdays of each month. For more information about the park, please call _PHONE_, TTY _PHONE_.
The probable prehistoric raptor bone find also comes at a time when Montana State University researchers are learning more about the "gruesome world" of more modern day birds of prey, such as eagles, hawks, owls, osprey and falcons.
In the Nov. 25th issue of PLoS One, they report how such birds kill their victims. It's not a pretty sight.
After analyzing hundreds of
raptor claws, photographs and videos to understand raptor-prey
interactions, Denver Fowler and his team discovered that some raptors dismember their prey and
killing blows.
"It was very surprising that (this type of study) wasn't done before," lead author Denver Fowler said of the study.
Thinking of Dinosaur Park, the raptor study may even in future shed light on the lifestyle of carnivorous dinosaurs, according to the researchers.
Please check out this page from the Maryland Geological Survey to learn more about dinosaurs from the old line state.


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The site of Galería contained what are called human occupation floors: dirt layers that were once the floor of a cave where humans carried out their activities. Each of these floors represented a "photograph" of how the cave was left by these humans after using it, probably during only a very brief period of time. When they left, after for example consuming the flesh of a dead animal, they left behind them the bare bones and the tools used to dismember the carcasses. The remains were later covered by mud and rock transported by water, preserving not just the stone tools and bones, but the living space.
This is how the concept of anthropic impact was developed: a space used by human beings for their own convenience and a layer of sediment that preserves associated bones and stone tools that are more or less contemporaneous. Based on the remains found at Galería, it was believed that the humans entered the site to scavenge from time to time and maybe to consume game hunted in the vicinity. They didn't stay long, since bones with cutmarks and intentional fractures are not abundant. Galería functioned as a natural trap. That is, that the cave was visited from time to time by groups of hunters, whenever they saw carcasses inside, and they didn't return for a long time after the feast.


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A musical memorial
As part of the project at Castle Drogo, four Year 12 Music 'A' level students at Okehampton College composed a piece of music as a memorial to William George Arscott. Click on the icon below to hear it.
The students provided the following information about the composition.
In Memoriam William George Arscott
The piece starts with percussive sounds which represent the fact that he was a stonemason. You hear the bells ringing to represent his hobby as a bell ringer in Drewsteignton. The melody emerges played by flute. The tune is folk-like to represent a simple country way of living. The melody is then repeated with the clarinet in harmony before a timpani roll heralds the beginning of the war. The fanfare-like idea from the trumpet and snare drum roll give a militaristic effect. This links into the idea of celebration of going into the war, as they were unaware of what awaited them. There is a new melancholic theme in a minor key to show the atrocities of the war. This section ends abruptly to reflect when George was killed in battle. The original theme then returns but this time much slower and in a minor key, and played by trumpet and clarinet. This is evocative of the end of George's life.
Courtenay Bolt, Ellie Joy, Oli Mander, Ollie Loram.


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In the world of fashion, where trends evolve and styles change, hand-embellished zari clothing stands as a timeless testament to craftsmanship and elegance. Hunting through the historical chronicles, one discovers a rich variety of traditions woven with golden threads, tracing the evolution of hand-embellished zari clothing. This article embarks on a journey through time, exploring the cultural significance, craftsmanship, and enduring charm of this amazing art form.
The roots of hand embellished zari clothing can be traced back to ancient civilizations, where skilled artisans meticulously wove golden and silver threads into fabrics. The use of zari, a metallic thread traditionally made of fine gold or silver, added a touch of regality to garments. In royal courts and aristocratic circles, hand-embellished zari clothing became synonymous with prestige and grace, symbolizing both status and taste.
The Mughal Influence
The Mughal era played a crucial role in shaping the trajectory of hand-embellished zari clothing. Mughal emperors, known for their patronage of arts and culture, fostered an environment where skilled artisans flourished. Intricate patterns, inspired by nature and geometric designs, adorned garments, making zari clothing a hallmark of Mughal elegance. The legacy of this influence is still evident in contemporary zari collections.
As centuries passed, different regions embraced zari clothing, brewing their unique cultural refinement into the art form. From the vibrant hues of Banarasi sarees in India to the delicate artistry of Persian zari embroidery, each region contributed to the diverse tapestry of hand-embellished zari collections. The amalgamation of varied techniques and styles resulted in a visual feast, with each piece telling a distinct story.
The Renaissance and Beyond
The golden age period witnessed a resurgence of interest in the classical arts, including hand-embellished zari clothing. European royalty, inspired by the allure of the East, integrated zari into their courtly attire. The Renaissance not only breathed new life into the art form but also paved the way for cross-cultural exchanges, further enriching the tradition of hand-embellished zari clothing.
Revival in the Modern Era
While the industrial revolution brought about mechanization in many industries, this type of clothing retained its charm through a commitment to craftsmanship. In the modern era, designers and artisans alike continue to explore innovative techniques and reinterpret traditional motifs, keeping the art form relevant. Today, a zari collection is not merely a wardrobe choice; it is a celebration of history, culture, and artistic ingenuity.
In the contemporary fashion landscape, hand-embellished zari clothing has transcended its traditional confines. Designers experiment with unconventional fabrics, blending traditional techniques with modern aesthetics to create avant-garde pieces. The appeal of a zari collection lies not only in its historical resonance but also in its ability to seamlessly integrate into the diverse wardrobes of fashion enthusiasts around the globe.
Amidst the rapid pace of the fashion industry, there is a growing awareness of the need to preserve and celebrate heritage. Hand-embellished zari clothing, with its deep-rooted history, serves as a tangible link to the past. Artisans and designers work hand in hand to ensure that the legacy of this craft endures, passing it on to future generations.
Unveiling the history of hand-embellished zari clothing is akin to unwrapping a precious gift—one that encapsulates centuries of artistry, culture, and tradition. From ancient civilizations to contemporary runways, the journey of zari clothing reflects the resilience and timeless allure of a craft that continues to captivate and inspire. As we celebrate the gilded traditions of the past, we also look forward to witnessing the ongoing evolution of hand-embellished zari clothing, ensuring that its golden threads remain an integral part of our impeccable legacy.


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Two MAESTRO, I'D or RIG used in parallel by a single operator.
The MAESTRO, I'D or RIG descenders can be used in parallel in rescue situations, mainly with long rope lengths and smaller rescue teams. This technique enables a single user to simultaneously operate two devices.
- Carefully read the Instructions for Use used in this technical advice before consulting the advice itself. You must have already read and understood the information in the Instructions for Use to be able to understand this supplementary information.
- Mastering these techniques requires specific training. Work with a professional to confirm your ability to perform these techniques safely and independently before attempting them unsupervised.
- We provide examples of techniques related to your activity. There may be others that we do not describe here.
- Even sharing of the load on the descenders
- Reduced potential extension of the system, in case one of the ropes fails.
- One operator can control two descenders
- Because the ropes are close together, they are simultaneously exposed to any failure risk.
- A back-up person is needed
Choosing an anchor
For optimal device function, we recommend that you use flexible anchors such as slings, ropes or wire rope strops to enable proper orientation of the descenders or of the PAW. The PAW enables a more ergonomic system setup. For greater ease of use, MICRO SWIVELs may be used to attach the descenders to the PAW.
Backing-up the lowering system
A lowering back-up system may be added to your system depending on the situation and your risk assessment. This system enables the requirements of the EN 12841 certification to be met by the addition of an EN 12841 type A component.
Using two RESCUCENDERS attached to one double pulley, for example TWIN, GEMINI or SPIN L2.
This system enables a very significant reduction in potential elongation of the ropes and an even sharing of the load on the anchors, which enables greater hauling efficiency for the rescue team.


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Ask An Expert
Meet our Marriage and Family Therapist Expert: Michelle Barone, M.A., M.F.T.
Michelle Barone, M.A., Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, teacher, parent educator, and retired La Leche League leader.
Michelle Barone received her B.A. in Human Development and her teaching credentials at Pacific Oaks College. She received her Masters at Azusa Pacific at the California Family Study Center.
She has worked with families and young children for over 28 years. She has been an infant-toddler, preschool, and parent educator, classroom teacher for severely emotionally disturbed children, and educator for emotionally disturbed adults.
For the last 20 years, Michelle has been a family therapist, primarily working with families who practice attachment parenting and who homeschool their children. Michelle's two children, 19 and 13, have been homeschooled their whole lives.
Michelle contributed to The Homeschool Book of Answers, edited by Linda Dobson, and is the author, along with homeschool advocate Mary Shannon, Exploring Your Family's Educational Journey.
Michelle is in private practice in Los Angeles, California. She conducts parent education workshops, parenting groups, and private consultations. For information about her services, visit _URL_.
Michelle shares her philosophy of living and learning with young children, along with some tips and resources:
Living with young children is a special and fleeting time for families-challenging and frustrating, yes-but a time that is crucial to the development of young minds and souls.
As a family therapist, my goals are to help families create a nurturing, respectful, and fun environment for everyone, but one in which communication between all members is clear and loving. Building relationships based on unconditional love supports growth and learning in children. Because parents are their child's first teacher, the need to mirror a world of acceptance and curiosity is important in order for children to feel safe to explore their world. Children learn as much, if not more, by unspoken words and the emotional climate and attitudes expressed in their households.
Children need clear, loving communication. Clear communication supports an open mind and allows for full expression of thoughts and feelings without judgment or criticism. In my practice, I use a variety of materials and exercises to help parents and children discover the loving power of connecting to each other. Some of these materials can be found at:
- Quality Parenting, Ilene Val Essen, Phd.
- Unconditional Parenting, Alfie Kohn
- Nonviolent Communication
Here are some basic ideas for communicating with pre-school age children:
- Accept feelings without judgment. Model and teach feeling words.
- Give reasons for both yes and no answers. "No, we can't go to park right now because I am making dinner." "Yes, we can go for a walk now because we are done with lunch and it is fun to be outside."
- Give choices. "Would you like eggs, or cereal?" "Do you want to walk or ride your bike?"
- Do not offer a choice when there is really not a choice. "Do you want to go to the store?" is not a choice when you are going and they must go with you.
- Let children make decisions about those things that matter to them. The shirt they wear, the toy they bring to the park, and the amount of food they eat. Respect their choices even if they are not what you would have chosen.
To increase confidence in communication and avoid power struggles, I encourage parents to have a clear understanding of what to expect at each age and stage of a child's development.
Children's emotional and physical growth is quite rapid during the preschool years, and knowing what to expect and how to respond is very empowering for both parent and child. A home environment that supports learning, with lots of available, age-appropriate books and activities helps a child feel safe to explore and grow. Spend quantity time during the day with your child by including them in your daily chores and activities. This fosters cooperation and increases their self-care and independence skills.
The Gesell Institute Child Development Series are a good place to start your discovery of child development. These books are a result of direct observation of young children. Arnold Gesell, founder of the Gesell Institute, set forth some basic principles that are important for parents to understand, such as:
- All children proceed through the same sequence of development, but all vary in rates of development.
- There is an inner timetable, which determines the child's rate of development. Trying to teach activities ahead of that timetable will at best result in only minor, temporary growth.
- A favorable environment helps to insure the realization of a child's potential.
- Each child is unique in temperament and growth style. The culture should try to adjust to each child's uniqueness.
- It is important for parents to know and understand their own and their child's temperament.
How is it that children are so different? Temperament, personality and growth style are different for everyone! It is helpful to truly understand your child's temperament and how it matches or doesn't match with your style. Many battles or problems arise from not understanding temperament and growth style.
An easy, first introduction to temperament is:
Nurture by Nature: Understand Your Child's Personality Type - And Become a Better Parent -- by Paul D. Tieger, et al.
Healing our own childhood wounds.
We all bring to our relationships the good and the bad from our own upbringing. Children will always make us face any unfinished issues we may have from our own childhood. Much of the work I do with parents is helping them to unravel and heal their own childhood hurts so they can bring healthy patterns into their own family.
A good resource to begin your own healing journey is:
Growing Up Again - Second Edition: Parenting Ourselves, Parenting Our Children (Paperback) by Connie Dawson, Jean Illsley Clarke - Is a wonderful book that clearly outlines the tasks at each developmental stage and what we can do to heal ourselves while parenting our children in a healthy way.
You can learn to joyfully live and learn with young children through a simple basic prescription:
- Plan: Having a basic rhythm to each day can be very useful. Young children like predictability in their lives. Plan ahead for new experiences, long days, changes in routine. Try to give yourself extra time for tasks. Hurrying with young children is very stressful for all.
- Patience: It can be hard to wait for a child to dress herself, or pack his own bags. Children naturally want to finish playing before they have to leave. Be patient. Their world and experiences is as important as yours. Be respectful and use patience when helping to transition from one activity to the next.
- Play... Play... Play: Let them play. It is their work and how they integrate experiences in their world. Make things fun, sing songs, march to the car, make tasks fun and laugh! Then let them play some more.
This is a great book to help your parenting become more playful:
Playful Parenting (Paperback) by Lawrence J. Cohen
Preserve: Preserve their time as young children. Don't be in a hurry to rush them to grow up, to separate from you for long periods of time. Preserve the relationship by being on their side, by teaching them by example, by protecting them from unrealistic expectations. Preserve the biological need for parents and young children to be together and to honor that you are the most important person in your child's life.


Office Keyboards Dirtier than Toilet Seats
Consumer group Which? reports that some keyboards in your business could be dirtier than toilet seats.
Dirty keyboards in your office can harbour harmful bacteriaNow that's quite an alarming statement considering the number of keyboards in small businesses up and down the country.
But the tests by Which? in their own London offices found that of the 33 keyboards tested, 4 were deemed as potential health hazards and one keyboard harboured 5 times as many germs as one of the office's toilet seats!
James Francis, the microbiologist who swabbed and tested the keyboards, reported that the one "dirty qwerty" had more than 150 times the safe level of bacteria on it and recommended it be removed and quarantined as a precaution.
The bacteria & organisms found on office keyboards, if left to build up, can become a potential health hazard with the potential to cause food poisoning.
The main cause of this build-up of unwanted bacterial matter on keyboards is mainly down to staff eating at their desks. Additionally poor toilet hygiene is also blamed.
The best way to prevent keyboards getting so dirty is preventative measures, so make sure that your staff:
 1. Don't eat at their desks
 2. Wash their hands when they've visited the toilets
 3. Keep your office keyboards dust free as this also traps bacteria
The best way to keep your business's keyboards clean is to clean them regularly with a lint-free duster. Better still, get some alcohol wipes from your office supplier.
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Time-saving goods are defined as market goods that reduce home labor requirements (e.g. restaurants; washing machines). Assuming that time savings are costly, this paper shows that lower-income individuals can purchase fewer time savings and enjoy less leisure time. Commodity tax rates affecting low-income individuals should depend more on time savings, and less on the classic Corlett and Hague rule. The related literature suggests to impose lower tax rates on goods that require less home labor. This paper shows that goods that offer greater time savings with respect to their more affordable substitutes should also receive favorable tax treatment.


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Drone Image Fails to Upload Due to Large File Size
When trying to upload an aerial image taken with a drone, you may encounter the error shown in the following screenshot:
Reduce Image Resolution
Normally, this error message is shown if the size of the file you're trying to upload is too large for our system to use. Many drones take photographs in 4K or even 8K resolution, but if you are able to change this setting, saving the image at 1080p resolution will often reduce the file size enough to allow you to upload the photo, while still retaining more than enough image quality to sketch the roof accurately.
Crop Image to Reduce File Size
Another possible solution to this problem is to open the image file in an image editing software that allows you to crop photos, and crop out any unnecessary areas of the image, such as neighbors' houses or land that doesn't include outbuildings. By cropping the photo, you'll also be reducing the file size.


From Scott Carlberg
Think back about one year. Here was the headline: "Duke Energy wants you to conserve electricity during cold snap." It was just more than a year ago that Duke set a single-day record for electric demand (January 5).
We have not had anything like it yet this season, but it could be just around the corner. So, get ready. Who knows?
A year ago Duke expected demand to be perhaps 25 percent higher than normal. That affects customers. A fifth of energy is used in the residential sector. Buildings differ how well they hold heat, with anywhere up to 40 percent of heat sometimes leaked outside. The cost for that cold weather falls hard on people in older homes that may not have the energy efficiency of newer homes. (Source) So, a year ago Duke asked customers to conserve electricity to ease stress on the grid and generating facilities.
Carolina electric companies have advice about ways to save when the weather turns cold. Duke has helpful advice about weatherization. SCE&G, now Dominion-owned Southeast Energy Group. has energy-saving tips. These include reminders to check and clean air filters in heating systems for efficiency. The NC Electric Cooperatives take a look at outages and safety tips. Even the Accuweather people have advice about surviving a wintertime outage, noting that, "Carbon monoxide poisoning, fire and electric shock are hazards during an outage. Place generators away from doors, windows and vents that could allow carbon monoxide to come indoors."
Cold and snow can stress the electric system. Ice weighs-down power lines and can cause an outage. Tree branches covered with ice can snap and take down lines. Additionally, in cold weather electric customers run heating equipment all-out, adding stress. If we have severe cold weather and power lines are affected, Duke Energy has good safety advice: "Stay away from downed or sagging power lines, and do not touch anything that is on or near a power line (i.e., trees or tree limbs, cars, ladders)."
So, far there has been lots of rain, record rain in some areas. Some of the mountain areas had snow this season, but they are prepped for snow. January is the snowiest month of the year in the Carolinas. Coldest, too.
Be prepared, we are only part way through the month. Remember a year ago!


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The Best Employee Write Up Form
When you are a business owner and provide employment opportunities to some employees, you need data from the employee write up form. This is required because it often finds some problems with your employees. Employees recruited may not be as good at work every day.
Employers can also suffer losses due to poor employee performance, so the results are not satisfactory. Simple employee writes up form is at least needed to resolve it. Some conditions may also require the employer to make a formal warning letter that is professional to outline expectations and consequences.
write up forms for employees disciplinary are likely to be used when serious problems arise. It can also include ongoing mistakes made by employees. Besides, managers can also communicate with employees in written form for a more severe and authentic impression.
Employee Writing Form
Employee writing forms are warning letters which are also referred to as employee disciplinary action forms, employee behavior warnings, and even employee warning records. These names may be different for the company, but the motives behind them all remain the same.
The employee warning form is technically used and written by the company's human resources department. It is also done to highlight when work performance or behavior deteriorates, causing problems for business productivity and efficiency. Every company certainly has its policies regarding this matter.
The employee disciplinary report can be used to highlight the consequences if poor job performance or unacceptable behavior continues in the future. It can also be used as can help managers and entrepreneurs to convey and explain employee expectations regarding productivity and changes in their practice.
The employee writes up form is not advanced as a first attempt at giving a warning. This letter is stored in the company to be issued when employees exceed certain limits. As an initial warning to employees, it is usually given verbally.
When to use it?
Although the employee writing form is made for the company's interests, it cannot be used at any time. They are only presented to employees when everything becomes serious. Before this, managers and entrepreneurs had to talk to employees directly and communicate with them, telling them about their poor performance or bad behavior.
Technically, there are many reasons for writing employees because each employee has various types of behavioral and performance problems. Although there are many other causes to write it, absenteeism is the most common. There are several other common problems mentioned below.
- Use of excessive electronic communication
- Inappropriate bandages
- Does not provide quality or quantity in work
- Does not offer accuracy at work
- Not productive at work
- Violations of company policies
- Wrong deeds
- Creating interference
- Failure to follow instructions
- Personal work during working hours
- Poor appearance
- Failure to follow safety procedures
- Causes damage to company property
The employee writes up forms are critical when you have employees in your company. Make sure you have given verbal warnings to employees first. Warning letters can be forwarded to employees if you have given a lot of verbal warnings and face serious problems.


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Lighting the WayBy Bien, Alexei ; Edutopia,
Publication Date: July 2007
Article focuses on Sound Shadows, which is an experimental photography program for students with visual disabilities at Governor Morehead School for the Blind. The project was conducted from 1992 to 1997, while a book titled "Seeing Beyond Sight" chronicles the experience of 36 students ages 12 to 19. The students learned how to point and shoot, and they were also taught to use a camera to recreate dreams and to express personal vision. They used autofocus cameras, which allowed them to use sound and touch as a way to compose their images. The book features roughly 150 images from the Sound Shadows program, along with captions from the student photographers.
Published by: George Lucas Educational Foundation (Website:_URL_)
Link to text: _URL_


What Can You Expect From Water Extraction in Edmond, OK?
When water enters your home through a burst pipe, an appliance failure or flooding, it can cause massive damages. The longer the water is allowed to sit in your home, the more it will destroy. This is why it is imperative you call for water extraction in Edmond, OK as soon as possible. The extraction team should be able to begin work within two to three hours of your call, so the water can be safely removed. If you have water enter your home, this information will allow you to know what to expect from the mitigation and drying process.
1. First, the water restoration team will need full access to your home, so the source of the water can be found and eliminated. The water flow will need to be stopped, so it is not allowed to continue to damage your home.
2. In many cases, the technicians will need to remove your carpeting, so as much of the water can be pumped out as possible. A professional carpet cleaner may be able to clean your carpets and save them from being ruined.
3. Your baseboards will also be removed, so the technicians can check inside your walls for water and moisture. If these are not treated, damage could continue and mold and mildew could begin to grow within your walls.
4. During the process of cleanup, air flow will be increased through drying fans. This speeds up the drying process and helps to impede mold and mildew growth. The team will work to ensure your home is completely dry before treatment continues.
5. All of the surfaces in your home will be treated with antimicrobial treatment. This kills any mold and mildew and prevents them from growing further. This helps to ensure your home will be completely clean of spores.
6. If your water damage was caused by flooding, your sewer or a drainage problem, your homeowner's insurance many cover it. The water extraction in Edmond, OK may also be covered. Make sure you ask your agent.
If water has entered your home, contact the Flood Masters. You can visit their website at OKCEmergencyWaterRemovalService.com and learn about the many services they can offer you, to clear your home of the water and the damage.
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Are NC Shark Attacks Common Along The Coastal Beaches? Safe To Swim?
Are NC shark attacks common at coastal beaches and is it safe to swim at community beaches such as Atlantic Beach, Emerald Isle, Wrightsville Beach, or Topsail Island?
No shark attacks are not common, in fact they are very rare and yes it is safe to swim at NC beaches.
Readers are encouraged to share this resource on social media sites like Facebook and Twitter so that others can learn more about sharks and NC beaches, and to use the discussion form below to have ongoing talks with our staff and other readers about attacks when they do happen in local waters.
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Here are some things to consider:
Carteret County NC
It is important to remember that when humans swim in the ocean, they are entering an environment where sharks live. It is also important to note that humans are NOT a shark's natural prey.
When attacks do occur, it is likely that a shark was pursuing it's natural prey, came across a human, attacked thinking it was it's prey, then released after it realized it bit in to something other than what it was pursuing. Unfortunately, when this does happen, it is very traumatic for a person swimming in the ocean and it attracts a lot of attention from bystanders, the media, and social media shares.
Additionally, the reason you are hearing so much about shark attacks recently is that due to the Internet and social media, news is no longer local. People on the Internet can now hear about attacks anywhere in the world and it seems like there are more incidents when there really is the same amount of incidents.
Here are some things to consider when swimming in the ocean to minimize your chances of a shark being attracted to you thinking you are it's natural prey:
 - If you have any open sores or bleeding anywhere on your body, be mindful that sharks can smell blood in the water from many miles away.
 - Continuous splashing in the water is the same type of splashing it's natural prey makes when it is in distress and vulnerable to attack.
 - Devices that emit certain noises attract sharks.
 - If while swimming in the ocean you notice a lot of shore birds diving in to the water, it is likely that a school of fish is nearby which will attract hungry predator sharks.
 - Do not swim after the sun goes down over the horizon and definitely do not swim at night. This is prime time for sharks to feed on their natural prey
So what are your chances of being attacked by a shark at NC beaches when swimming? The latest research and statistical data puts your chances of being involved in an incident at 1 in 3,478,000.
This number definitely tells us that attacks are not common and very rare, but naturally the viral nature of the Internet and pictures / video during one of the incidents scares people.
If you are visiting one of the NC coastal beaches this Spring or Summer in Emerald Isle, Topsail Island, Carolina Beach, or Wrightsville Beach and you are concerned about predators in the ocean, please understand that the odds of you being attacked are overwhelmingly unlikely and we strongly encourage you to enjoy your vacation and the ocean.
November 2019: Scientist with OCEARCH reported that 9 great white sharks they tagged in the past have recently pinged along the coast of NC. These scientist go on to say that it is not uncommon for white sharks to migrate to waters near the Outer Banks between land and the gulf stream because of the diversity of water temperatures in this region which is where their natural prey are. This area is typically referred to the "dynamic mixing zone" near the Atlantic Continental Shelf.
OCEARCH is a research organization that tags various types of sharks to get information on migration and mating habits. In recent years, white sharks have pinged in inland waters near the Pamlico Sound and Albemarle Sound which scientist say is not uncommon.
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Michael Sharp
Michael Sharp
One thought on "Are NC Shark Attacks Common Along The Coastal Beaches? Safe To Swim?
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 July 22, 2019 at 12:03 am
 I keep seeing people say there are more and more in the waters than they have ever seen and that something new must be happening.
 It's not true. There have always been great white sharks along the NC coast and here in Carteret County, it's just that with new technology, everyone having a cell phone camera, and the viral nature of social media it just looks like there are more.
 The numbers of attacks are not spiking or going up.
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China Aid Association (CAA) confirms that a central government-directed campaign to expel suspected foreign missionaries has been ongoing since February 2007. According to reliable China Aid sources and collaborated reports by at least five different mission agencies, over one hundred foreigners accused of being involved in illegal religious activities in China have been expelled or deported this year between April and June. Sources inside the Chinese government informed CAA that the Chinese government launched a massive expulsion campaign of foreign Christians, encoded Typhoon No. 5, in February 2007. This campaign is believed to be part of the "anti-infiltration" efforts to prevent foreign Christians from engaging in mission activities before the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Most of those expelled are citizens from the United States, South Korea, Singapore, Canada, Australia and Israel. They were expelled when they were either working or visiting in Xinjiang, Beijing, Tibet or Shandong. This is the largest expulsion of foreign missionaries since 1954 when the Chinese Communist government expelled all foreign religious workers after taking power in 1949. (China Aid Association)


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The Na'vi sometimes blow through the tubular plant body to make its signature wailing sound as a warning to intruders to stay away. Although deadly and toxic, the plant is also a food source for the Na'vi. The large seeds of the banshee are attached on the stem opposite to the direction the plant is pointing, making it easy for the Na'vi to harvest them.
The banshee of paradise is one of the most dangerous plants on Pandora because it can eject poison tipped spines in a targeted direction. It has the ability to sense infrared radiation (IR), which is emitted from warm objects such as animals and people, and to rotate its tubular body to point toward the source of the IR. Large spines contain toxins in glands on the tips, which can be deadly in large concentrations. When the source of IR comes close to the plant, the spines eject their poisonous tips in the direction of the threat. (Read more)


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A Brief History of the Santa Clara County Sheriff's Office
Up until 1849, when the first California Legislature convened, California used the Mexican style of government. Under Mexican law the Alcalde, a combination of mayor, judge and sheriff dispensed the law as he saw fit.
In 1849 the first Sheriff appeared in San Jose. Robert Cadden Keyes became the first person to hold the title of Sheriff when he was appointed by the Common Council. The next and last Sheriff, prior to statehood, was J.M. Lowe. Lowe only held the position for a few months, when Santa Clara County held its first official election in April 1850. On April 8, 1850, John Yontz became the first duly elected Sheriff of Santa Clara County, winning by a mere 116 votes.
Soon after taking office, Sheriff Yontz became alarmed by the vandalism caused by jurors during court hearings. The jurors, while listening to court cases, would whittle anything in sight; the jury box, pillars, and benches. Yontz, desperate to save county property, came upon the idea that every morning he would set out a large bundle of pine sticks cut to a number of sizes and shapes, thus saving the county from remodeling the court building every few months.
Joseph W. Johnson, once a Deputy under Sheriff Yontz, was elected the second Sheriff and took office April 5, 1852. Horse thieves and murderers were running wild in the early days of the county. On one occasion in 1853, Sheriff Johnson and a posse of men sought out two Mexican bandits who were holding out in a home near San Jose. The Sheriff was able to seize one of the banditos without a struggle. As he was leading the extremely large prisoner out the door, the bandit threw off the Sheriff and started running. The Sheriff's pistol miss fired as he tried to draw down on the fleeing murderer. Another posse member mounted his horse and quickly caught up with the bandit. The man refused to surrender, forcing the deputy to shoot him dead.
Sheriff Johnson left office in 1853 and later became an attorney, a County Judge, and the ninth Mayor of San Jose. He held the position of Justice of the Peace until his death in 1880.
William McCutchen took over the office in October 1853. McCutchen, a member of the ill fated Donner Party, left ahead of the main wagon train to secure provisions in California. When he learned the group was trapped in the snowed-in Sierras, he risked his life to bring in food as well as rescue his wife and daughter. Upon reaching his wife, he learned that his one year old daughter had become one of the large number of casualties. One Sunday afternoon in 1854, Sheriff McCutchen and San Jose City Alderman Peter Minor decided to hold a horse race through the streets of downtown San Jose, much to the dismay of local citizens and the city's Marshal. Sheriff McCutchen's horse beat Minor's horse by a neck, winning the bet; a bottle of whisky. The marshal, not finding the race amusing at all, arrested the two public officials. The next day both McCutchen and Minor pled guilty and were fined ten dollars.
John M. Murphy the fourth Sheriff, was the son of Santa Clara County pioneer Martin Murphy Sr. The Murphys were members of the first overland party to reach California in 1844. John made his fortune during the early years of the California Gold Rush. The mining town of Murphys is named after him.
During his term as Sheriff, a dispute erupted over the ownership of the Rancho Yerba Buena, a large trac of land consisting of 24,000 acres, east of San Jose. The owner, Don Antonio Chabolla (Chaboya), held the legal title to the land, but during a lengthy court proceeding, squatters settled large portions of his property. Chaboya obtained a writ of ejectment which commanded Sheriff Murphy to evict the squatters. On Tuesday, April 19, 1861, Sheriff Murphy summoned a posse of 600 men. The posse assembled in front of the Court House. The Sheriff asked the crowd if they were armed and ready to assist him, they responded with an emphatic "No!" The Sheriff repeated his question asking if anyone was willing to help him do his duty. Again the crowd answered "No!" Sheriff Murphy responded by saying" I can do nothing; therefore, you may consider yourselves dismissed." The crowd then dispersed - some decided to head out to the Rancho to support the settlers. When it became evident that the Sheriff wasn't going to show up, the settlers and their supporters marched into downtown San Jose. The procession (numbering about 1000), marched through the downtown streets and ended at St. James Square. Later in the day, Sheriff Murphy persuaded the crowd to disband to their homes, thus ending what became known as the Settlers War of 1861.
More to follow later....................
Author: Deputy Rick Sprain, Investigations - _PHONE_


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A Study on the Application of Food Sovereignty in International Law
The purpose of the present investigation will be to analyse Food Sovereignty in the light of international law. It constitutes at its heart a legal analysis of this concept, observing exactly how it has been developed until the present moment. By so doing, we will be capable of familiarising ourselves with its legal strengths and inconsistencies, along with showing what might be the way to take so that its proposals and aims obtain the greatest possible legal viability. The complete legal construction of Food Sovereignty has not been carried out. Moreover, one can say that the movement for the defence of Food Sovereignty has focused above all on constructing a discourse of a political nature. It is desired to achieve a ruling as detailed and broad as the program that defends Food Sovereignty, it is worthwhile to propose the creation of a branch within international law, which could be denoted as International Law for the Rural World. Especially as the preoccupation for rural territories is the element that is present in every aspect of this broad political program that defends Food Sovereignty.
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Bungee the slime in Tap!
Score is the doubling in continuous just tap bungee!
[How to play]
1.Raise the slime in tap
2.Higher score if tap near the sea!
3.Combo occurs in the surface of the water just tap!
4.And beware because score is reduced by half when fall into the sea