string.
However a class determines object identity, it is important that it is reflected in the global identifiers. Logically equivalent objects in different stores should have the same identifier, and objects that are not equivalent should have different identifiers.
Change Tracking
Change Tracking is a term used to describe how a sync algorithm determines what has changed since the last synchronization event, and thereby what should be changed locally. Each change to an object (often called a delta) is usually handled as a CRUD operation: a creation, read, update, or deletion.
One of the first choices that needs to be made is the granularity that the recorded changes will take. Should all properties in an entity be updated if any single property changes? Or should only the changed property be recorded? The right path may vary; I'll discuss this more as we delve into details.
In either case, you need a means to record a change. In the simplest case, this could just be a Boolean attribute in the local store, indicating whether the object is new or has been updated since the last sync. In a more advanced algorithm, a change could be stored outside the main store as a dictionary of changed properties and with an associated timestamp.
Conflict Resolution
When you have two or more stores representing the same logical set of data, the potential for conflicts exists. A change to an object in one store could occur at about the same time as a change to the corresponding object in a second store, with no intervening sync. These changes are said to have occurred concurrently, and some action may be necessary to leave the conflicting objects in a consistent and valid state across all stores once they sync up.
In the simplest of all worlds, reading and writing a store can be considered an atomic operation, and resolving conflicts simply involves choosing which version of the store to keep. This is actually more common than you might think. For example, the document-syncing capabilities of iCloud are handled this way: when a conflict arises, the user is asked to choose the version he or she wishes to keep – changes from the conflicting stores are not merged.
There are many ways to decide which changes take precedence when resolving conflicts. If a central server is involved, the most straightforward approach is just to assume the latest sync operation takes priority. Any change present in the operation overwrites previously stored values. More complex systems involve comparing the creation timestamps of conflicting changes and keeping the most recent.
Conflict resolution can get tricky, and if you have the choice, you should avoid it altogether by devising a model that simply cannot become invalid due to concurrent changes. In a new project, this is much easier than trying to think of all the possible invalid states that could arise.
Relationships can be particularly troublesome (and that's not a commentary on human interactions). Take a simple one-to-one relationship between entities A and B. Imagine Device 1 and Device 2 both begin with object A[1] related to object B[1]. Device 1 creates an object B[2], relates A[1] to B[2], and deletes B[1]. Concurrently, Device 2 also deletes B[1], but creates B[3] and relates that to A[1].
Orphaned object
Orphaned object arising from conflicting changes to a one-to-one relationship.
After synchronizing, there will be an extra, orphaned B object that is unrelated to any A. If there were to be a validation rule requiring the relationship, you would now have an invalid object graph. And this is about the simplest type of relationship you can imagine. There are many other twists and turns possible when relationships are involved.
However conflicts like this are resolved, it is important that the resolution be deterministic. If the same scenario occurs on two different devices, they should end up taking the same action.
This may seem obvious, but it is very easy to get wrong. Take the example above. If your resolution involves randomly picking one of the B objects to delete, at some point the two devices are going to delete different objects, and you will end up with no B objects at all. You should strive to delete corresponding B objects from each device. This can be achieved by sorting the objects first, and always picking the same object.
Synchronous Communication, Peer-to-Peer (S-P2P)
Now that we have covered common elements of all sync algorithms, let's finish off by looking at the specific approaches introduced earlier in more detail, beginning with SC methods.
Let's start with the simplest workable S–P2P solution imaginable. Assume we have a Mac app like iTunes, which communicates synchronously with an iPhone via USB, Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi. With a fast local network, we don't have to be so concerned about restricting data transfer, so we can be lazy in that respect.
The first time a particular iPhone syncs, the two apps discover each other via Bonjour, and the Mac app zips up its entire store, sending the resulting file to the iPhone app via a socket, which would unzip and install it.
Now imagine the user takes the iPhone and makes changes to an existing object (e.g. gives a star rating to a song). The app on the device sets a Boolean flag on the object to indicate it is new or updated (e.g. changedSinceSync).
When the next sync occurs, the iPhone app zips and sends its entire data store back to the Mac. The Mac loads the store, looks for modified instances, and updates its own data accordingly. The Mac then sends back a full copy of its updated store, replacing the existing iPhone store, and the whole process starts over again.
There are many variations and improvements possible, but this is a working solution, and will be sufficient for many apps. To summarize, a sync operation involves one device transferring its store to another device, which determines what has changed, merges, and sends back the resulting store. You are guaranteed that both devices have the same data after a sync, so it is very robust.
Synchronous Communication, Client-Server (S-CS)
Things get more subtle when a server is added to the equation. The server offers flexibility, in terms of where and when a sync can occur, but it has a cost in terms of data transfer and storage. We need to reduce the communications overhead as much as possible, so copying whole stores back and forth is not going to fly.
Again, I'll aim for the simplest viable solution. Assume data is stored in a database on the server, with a last-modified timestamp for each object. When a client app first syncs, it downloads all the data in a serialized form (e.g. JSON), and builds a local store from it. It also records the timestamp of the sync locally.
As changes are made in the client app, it updates the last-modified timestamps of the objects involved. The server does the same thing, should another device sync in the interim.
When the next sync takes place, the client determines which objects have changed since the last sync, and only sends those objects to the server. The server merges in these changes. Where the server's copy of an object has been modified by another client, it keeps the change with the most recent timestamp.
The server then sends back any changes it has that are newer than the last sync timestamp sent by the client. This set should take account of the merge, with any overridden changes removed.
There are many variations possible. For example, you could include a timestamp for each individual property, and track changes at that level of granularity. Or you could do all merging of data on the client, and push merge changes back to the server, effectively switching roles. But fundamentally, one device sends changes to the other, and the receiver merges and sends back a set of changes incorporating the results of the merge.
Deletions require a little more thought, because once you delete an object, you have no way to track it. One option is to use soft deletions, where the object is not really deleted, but marked for deletion (e.g. using a Boolean property). (This is analogous to trashing a file in the Finder. It only gets permanently removed when you empty the trash.)
Asynchronous Communication, Client-Server Sync (A-CS)
The attraction of asynchronous sync frameworks and services is that they offer an off-the-shelf solution. The synchronous solutions discussed above are bespoke — you have to write lots of custom code for each app. What's more, with an S-CS architecture, you have to duplicate similar functionality across all platforms, and maintain operation of a server. This requires a skill set that most Objective-C developers don't possess.
Asynchronous services (e.g. Dropbox Datastore API and Wasabi Sync) typically provide a framework, which the app developer uses as if it were a local data store. The framework stores its changes locally, and then handles syncing with a server in the background.
The main difference between A–CS and S-CS is that the extra layer of abstraction provided by the framework in A–CS shields the client code from direct involvement in syncing. It also means that the same service can be used for all data models, not just one particular model.
Asynchronous Communication, Peer-to-Peer Sync (A-P2P)
A-P2P is the most underdeveloped approach, because it is also the most difficult to implement. But its promise is great, as it goes a step beyond A-CS, abstracting away the backend so that a single app can sync via a multitude of different services.
Underdeveloped as it is, there are apps already using this approach. For example, the popular To-Do list Clear has a custom implementation of A-P2P, which syncs via iCloud, and has been documented online. And frameworks like Apple's Core Data—iCloud integration, TICoreDataSync, and Core Data Ensembles all take this


text:
CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.64
The %fun statement starts a new procedure specification.
Green Card supports two sorts of C procedures: ones that may cause side effects (including I/O), and ones that are guaranteed to be pure functions. The two are distinguished by their type signatures. Side-effecting functions have the result type IO t for some type t. If the programmer specifies any result type other than IO t, Green Card takes this as a promise that the C function is indeed pure, and will generate code that calls unsafePerformIO.
The procedure specification will expand to the definition of a Haskell function, whose name is that given in the %fun statement, with two changes: the longest matching prefix specified with a %prefix statement is removed from the name and the first letter of the remaining function name is changed to lower case (Section 8.3 elaborates). Haskell requires all function names to start with a lower-case letter (upper case would indicate a data constructor), but when the C procedure name begins with an upper case letter it is convenient to still be able to make use of Green Card's automatic fill-in facilities. For example:
would expand to a Haskell function openWindow that is implemented by calling the C procedure OpenWindow.
would also expand to a Haskell function openWindow, but is implemented by calling the C procedure Win32OpenWindow.
The %call statement tells Green Card how to translate the Haskell parameters into C values. Its syntax is designed to look rather like Haskell pattern matching, and consists of a sequence of zero or more Data Interface Schemes (DISs), one for each (curried) argument in the type signature. For example:
This %call statement binds the C variables x, y, z, and s, in a similar way that Haskell's pattern-matching binds variables to (parts of) a function's arguments. These bindings are in scope throughout the body and result-marshalling statements.
In the %call statement, ''float'', ''int'', and ''string'' are the names of the DISs that are used to translate between Haskell and C. The names of these DISs are deliberately chosen to be the same as the corresponding Haskell types (apart from changing the initial letter to lower case) so that in many cases, including foo above, Green Card can generate the %call line by itself (Section 8).
In fact there is a fourth DIS hiding in this example, the (_,_) pairing DIS. DISs are discussed in detail in Section 9.
The body consists of arbitrary C code, beginning with %code. The reason for allowing arbitrary C is that C procedures sometimes have complicated interfaces. They may return results through parameters passed by address, deposit error codes in global variables, require _TAG_'d constants to be passed as parameters, and so on. The body of a Green Card procedure specification allows the programmer to say exactly how to call the procedure, in its native language.
The C code starts a block, and may thus start with declarations that create local variables. For example:
Here, x and y are declared as local variables. The local C variables declared at the start of the block scope over the rest of the body and the result-marshalling statements.
The C code may also mention constants from C header files, such as GREY above. Green Card's %_TAG_ directive tells it which header files to include (Section 11).
Functions return their results using a %result statement. Side-effecting functions, ones whose result type is IO t, can also use %fail to specify the failure value.
The %result statement takes a single DIS that describes how to translate one or more C values back into a single Haskell value. For example:
As in the case of the %call statement, the ''float'' in the %result statement is the name of a DIS, chosen as before to coincide with the name of the type. A single DIS, ''float'', is used to denote both the translation from Haskell to C and that from C to Haskell, just as a data constructor can be used both to construct a value and to take one apart (in pattern matching).
All the C variables bound in the %call statement, and all those bound in declarations at the start of the body, scope over all the result-marshalling statements (i.e. %result and %fail).
In a result-marshalling statement an almost arbitrary C expression, enclosed in braces, can be used in place of a C variable name. The above example could be written more briefly like this:
The C expression can neither have assignments nor nested braces as that could give rise to syntactic ambiguity.
A side effecting function returns a result of type IO t for some type t. The IO monad supports exceptions, so Green Card allows them to be raised.
The result-marshalling statements for a side-effecting call consists of zero or more %fail statements, each of which conditionally raise an exception in the IO monad, followed by a single %result statement that returns successfully in the IO monad.
Just as in Section 7.3, the %result statement gives a single DIS that describes how to construct the result Haskell value, following successful completion of a side-effecting operation. For example:
Here, a pairing DIS is used, with two int DISs inside it. The arguments to the int DISs are C record selections, enclosed in braces; they extract the relevant information from the WindowInfo structure that was filled in by the GetWindowInfo call.
The %fail statement has two fields, each of which is either a C variable, or a C expression enclosed in braces. The first field is a boolean-valued expression that indicates when the call should fail; the second is a (char *) value that indicates what sort of failure occurred. If the boolean is true (i.e. non zero) then the call fails with a userError in the IO monad containing the specified string.
The assumption here is that fopen puts its error code in the global variable errno, and errstring converts that error number to a string.
UserErrors can be caught with catch, but exactly which error occurred must be encoded in the string, and parsed by the error-handling code. This is rather slow, but errors are meant to be exceptional.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Jesus emerged in the sky: Rome Italy
Thousand of Europeans observed glowing and bright shine of Jesus emerging clouds out of the sky in Rome Italy. Moment strengthened the faith of Jesus in their Hearts like never before. many Europeans cried and put the list of wishes, desires, and problems to Jesus and asked for forgiveness. Many people claimed this as unicorn moment in their life and believed them as extremely lucky souls. They hoped Jesus noted there demands and wishes and they expect their life would be better in the future.
Roughly it happened 4 decades back in France Europe that time and people who witnessed had same reaction. They believe the generation who got a chance to witness this moment or in any other way considered as special people. This time in Italy hundreds of witnesses claims to have a better future after Jesus assure them to be blessed.
jesus 22.jpg
Dramatic pictures have emerged showing what looks like a glowing image of Jesus above an Italian town as sunlight broke through the clouds. Alfredo Lo Brutto, from Agropoli, Italy, captured the figure bursting through grey skies above the sea while at his home. The shape created by the spectacular light show, at sunset on Friday, seemed to resemble the renowned Christ the Redeemer statue in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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the run, I spray paint the 12:16pm point. If the locus of the shadow for each day developes a cycloid over time, you'll know that the pole has started to bend or the bubble level isn't vertical anymore.
Before each session (each day's readings) I rotate the bubble level 90° with respect to the pole (using the seam in the pole for orientation), giving 1 of 4 different orientations. If there were any systematic problems in the gnomon, I would see a pattern in the noon spots that repeated every 4 days of readings. I didn't see any pattern with a 4 day periodicity.
With the poor analemmas I was getting, I didn't want any bad data, so if it was cloudy at local mean noon, but I had a good run of points uptil and after that time, I didn't interpolate, and just threw away the data for that day.
That's how you use and test a straight and vertical gnomon. How do you check that it's straight and vertical in the first place? Once the gnomon was assembled I did these two checks in order (any time of day you get a shadow is fine)
Check the pole for straightness: Make the pole vertical according to the bubble level. (The bubble level hasn't been calibrated for verticallity yet, which doesn't matter for this test.) Take a reading (chalk mark the shadow on the ground). For the next reading 1 min later, hold onto the bubble level so that it doesn't rotate, and rotate the pole 45° (the direction doesn't matter, pick one and keep rotating the same way for all tests; you can use the seam on the tube track your orientation). Do a series of readings, at 1 min intervals, each time rotating the pole 45°, while holding onto the bubble level frame, to stop it from rotating. It will take 8 mins to get a complete cycloid. You now have 9 readings (0..8mins) taken with the pole rotating 45° each time, while the bubble level remained stationary. Repeat this, for another 8mins, or until you get the same pattern each time (as above). Look at the line of the shadow points. The locus of the shadow has to be a straight line of evenly spaced points. If you chose the piece of EMT carefully, this test should pass. If this test fails, you need a new piece of EMT.
Check the bubble level for verticallity: The bubble level is only vertical enough to put in fence posts. Here you get it vertical enough for an analemma. This test will only work, when the previous test passed.
This time I rotated the pole, allowing the bubble level to rotate along with the pole.
|For the orientations at multiples of 90° you can line up the shadow of the pole on the bubble level frame, or have the sun grazing a flat of the frame. For the orientations at multiples of 45° I line up the shadows of the bubble level frame edges.|
If the bubble level frame isn't vertical in both directions, you'll get a cycloid and you'll need to shim the bubble level frame. You do this by inserting tape (regular office grade sticky tape is fine, see bubble level with collar) at the top or bottom of the two faces of the bubble level frame, where they touch the pole (making 4 adjusting points). Put the pole in the orientation that produces the cusps (or bumps) of the cycloid; shim the bubble level frame to move the shadow back half the width of the cycloid path. Iterate till the locus of the shadow is a straight line (I needed 3 layers of tape in one spot to get it right).
While you can calibrate this gnomon, you can only check its calibration during use. You can't easily add pieces of sticky tape between the bubble level and the pole, to see if that gives a straighter line.
Here's simulated (graph_cycloid.py) and actual data for this gnomon
Figure 21. Mk2 gnomon. 7 days of data
With a functioning Mk2 gnomon, I had to throw out my previous data, which had been produced by a pole which presumably was progressively bending with time. If you're looking for reproducability between years, you need 2 years of data to get one point. For my next round, I started in spring, with each day's run showing nice straight lines of points. As the days went on, I was still getting erratic points on the analemma, for which I could find no explanation. 12 months later, I saw that the points in the spring were about 30-45secs different from the previous year, but by summer, the points for each day were the same as the year before.
When previous days chalk marks hadn't been washed out by rain, I would have expected the points at any particular time (say 12:05pm) to all line up, but the line joining points of the same time were very noisy, at least 30-45secs. Often it was hard to trace the line of constant time back through previous day's readings.
From my position at the gnomon while taking the 16mins of points, I could see at the accumulating chalk marks and the estimated position for the next mark. If there was anything obviously wrong with the next point, I could see it coming and could look at the bubbles or the elastic for clues as to what I might have done wrong. I know that checking the current datum to see if it's compatible with previously recorded data is fudging, but I had the choice of recording a bad point or recording a much better point which seemed quite compatible with the bubble level. The possibility that I was fudging the data was worrying, but I didn't have any objective measure of how much fudging I might be doing.
By dumb luck, about 2yrs later, due to a run of fine weather, and juggling my work schedule, I collected data for an unprecedented 17 consecutive days.
Figure 22. 17 days of data
From my position at the gnomon, the 17 days of data looked fine, but later standing to the side of the analemma (the direction I didn't see from the gnomon), the data was a mess. The lines should have all been parallel, but while straight (little noise), they weren't parallel. Some adjacent pairs of lines converged as they went towards the analemma and some diverged. Any fudging I might be doing, should have no effect on this non-observed dimension. If I was only fudging left-right, then rather than straight non-parallel lines with little noise, I should have seen parallel but noisy lines. From my view point at the gnomon, I was clearly straightening the lines, while at the same time stopping the lines from being parallel. Whatever I was doing from the gnomon was affecting the data in the other dimension. I was adding about 30sec of fudging.
For a control, I went back to my original method, of not looking at the shadow till I was about to record it (no antipation and corrections of problems).
The hand held Mk2 gnomon wasn't going to get any better than 30-60secs of accuracy. Presumably having a fixed jig (rather than hand holding) for the gnomon would have helped this initial calibration. Still even after this type of calibration, I would have to record the data with a hand held gnomon.
Here's the analemma after a few years with the Mk2 gnomon. The white lines are 2 mins of sun movement.
Figure 24. Analemma looking north.
Figure 25. Analemma looking south.
Clearly the best gnomon would be fixed (rather than hand held). Instead of standing at the gnomon, I could stand at the shadow point and when the moment came, I could mark the spot. A lot less room for fudging. I'd spent much time over the previous years, trying without success, to figure out a way to turn a heavy duty surveyor's tripod into a 10' high gnomon. Then one day I met some astronomer friends for dinner in Raleigh. Being early, and having nothing better to do for 20mins, I stopped in at the nearby Peace St Camera Store for some idle walking around. (I'm not much into cameras, I can never keep track of all my photos, and have given up trying to take more, however I admire the technical aspects of lenses etc. I didn't make the transition from film to digital SLRs as I have a bucket of Olympus OM1 backs and lenses, and would have expected Olympus to make a line of digital cameras, which could use my Zuiko lenses. Because of this experience, if I buy another good camera, it will be from a company that wants me as a continuing customer, when a subsequent generation of hardware arrives.) There I spied a light 128" tripod for mounting remote flash attachments, for use in weddings etc. It just might do.
Here's what I had to do to convert the light tripod to be a gnomon
a sphere at the top to cast a shadow
|A lens, at the top of the pole, to make a bright spot in the center of a shadow, would have been even better, but I've never been able to find anything with a focal length of 18'. Later when I adopted the method of rotating the gnomon 45° for each reading, I would need a way of keeping the lenses

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


The New Zealand social emergency created by National
As we move further into the first term of the new Government, it is starting to become clear that there is a significant crisis in New Zealand society. The issues fuelling this crisis are numerous and varied, and none started on the watch of the recently ousted National-led Government. But in nine years in office these symptoms advanced far enough that combined they now pose an immediate and direct threat to New Zealand society.
National has in effect created a social emergency. The failure to address despite repeated warnings that there were problem emerging with housing, health, social welfare and justice have combined to create conditions where the so called market has left behind sections of New Zealand society whose deprivation is feeding social decay.
The conditions created consist of a combination of contributing factors. They include but are not limited to:
 - Drug addled neighbourhoods with police struggling to contain the epidemic of methamphetamine, synthetic cannabis and other harmful substances
 - Absentee parents/caregivers and a break down of parental/caregiver responsibility
 - Rampant truancy and young people leaving school with no qualifications, and no jobs or training to go to
 - School children living in inadequate housing, constantly having to move and living in conditions that are not compliant with basic human rights or housing law
 - Housing rents eating up money for food, clothes, medical expense – children go to school hungry and/or distracted
The problems start in the home or at school, but often end in a police cell. The following is a brief synopsis of how a person might go downhill. I am not suggesting that all people in such circumstances will experience this – indeed there are many fantastic parents who care very much, who go without themselves and try to be a positive influence in their child's life, but in socio-economically deprived neighbourhoods, this is a real issue.
In the first instance at home or school, they have no food and often start the day on an empty stomach, are irritable or distracted. A failure to be settled in one spot for any length of time will mean the child has trouble settling in at school, distracted by problems at home. Over time this may fuel other problems, because the student will start getting into trouble, picking fights, associating with the wrong crowd. At home the parent/caregiver might be working long hours to make sure there is enough money to pay rent and will not be at home at critical times such as when they have homework or need underage supervision, so the children start misbehaving. At school the teachers realize that the person or people in question have a discipline problem. Homework is not being done, and the student is disruptive, argumentative. It begins to escalate with children missing school and truancy officers picking them up. At this point, the child is at an intersection in their life. At this stage the choice is stark. The child unless there is substantial intervention by the parent, the school and potentially social social workers will either leave or wind up being expelled from school with poor prospects for the future.
It never needed to be like this. And the long term cost to society, the economy and the people who know the child are substantial. If s/he devolves into drugs, then a life of crime and prison awaits. If s/he tries to turn themselves around their past – especially if a criminal history is involved – may catch up with them and hinder their future development.
This is why there is a significant and dangerous poverty issue in New Zealand. It has the potential to fuel illegal substances, crime, violence and gangs, none of which are welcome or wanted. All of which are horrendously destructive and all of which we need to shut down.
2 thoughts on "The New Zealand social emergency created by National
 1. You are quite right Robert in your essay, but you have described the ideal situation for children as a wealthy Pakeha one.
 Everyone wants the best for their Children and yes, you have described the failings.
 Commentators say that we should pay better wages, the living wage. Now that does not mean that that extra money will be spent responsibly, on food, clothing and school materials, nor might it cover more than the rent.
 You say that parents should help with homwork. Now many immigrant parents are unable to do that because of migrant language difficulties, and many parents simply do not have enough education themselves to be able to help.
 You say the the families move their accomodation often.
 How should we fix this?
 I contend that we should have a Pacific solution.
 Provide state housing accomodation for whanau rather than nuclear family. Older generations present for guidance and supervision. More adults to contribute to rent. More flexibility for wage earners to be away from home.
 Provide FREE before and after school sessions, with quality FOOD for All children in need. Kids start school with a meal, homework is seen to after school. Kids are supervised while parents are still at work. Added benefit of jobs for young people helping here as the job does not need university trained educational qualifications.
 Yes, I know the operational grant for schools would have to be increased, but that is a pragmatic solution.
 2. Now, I cannot see why the premises af all schools, which are already paid for, by the taxpayer, should not be used before 8.30 or 9am and after 2.30, 3, or 3.30 pm etc.
 And schools in the UK provide a meal for their school children, why not us?
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JEME 2017 Download For Windows [Latest] 2022
Java-based Math Explorer is a graphical equation solver which allows you to solve various mathematical problems. The program can deal with quantities, operators, calculations, formulae and operations. It has all the necessary tools to be of use for college and professional students, and to support their scientific research as well. One feature of the application is the ability to display the results of the operation in the main window. There is a detailed information about the final result provided for each displayed equation. The results may include the value of the input and the formula used to derive it. The program also offers a choice of equation solvers based on different approaches. Among them you can find visual calculators and interactive ones. In terms of selecting the correct equation solver, the program takes into account the desired result and the type of equation. There is also an editor to create your own equations. In the process of creating an equation, the user may change the values of the input, the input units, the units and values of the result and the equation type. Program Requirements: The Java Runtime Environment must be installed on your computer. The interface may be slow when there are a lot of equations, or when you perform complicated operations. The tool requires a fair amount of memory. Additional Requirements: The tool may not work properly on Macintosh OS. The graphics card of the computer used must be compatible with the DirectX. The maximum resolution of the computer screen used must be at least 800x600 pixels. Software License: Freeware - free to use with no restrictions. Java-based Math Explorer is a graphical equation solver which allows you to solve various mathematical problems. The program can deal with quantities, operators, calculations, formulae and operations. It has all the necessary tools to be of use for college and professional students, and to support their scientific research as well. One feature of the application is the ability to display the results of the operation in the main window. There is a detailed information about the final result provided for each displayed equation. The results may include the value of the input and the formula used to derive it. The program also offers a choice of equation solvers based on different approaches. Among them you can find visual calculators and interactive ones. In terms of selecting the correct equation solver, the program takes into account the desired result and the type of equation. There is also an editor to create your own equations. In the process of creating an equation,
JEME 2017 Crack+ Free Download [Mac/Win]
Java Runtime Environment is a portable application, that allows you to perform calculus operations in a very simple and intuitive way. The app provides you with three basic operations: addition, subtraction and multiplication. Besides that, it gives you complete access to all the calculus formulas available for you to use. Advantages of a portable app Before the application can be of any use to you, Java Runtime Environment needs to be installed. This check needs to be performed on other computers if you plan on carrying JEME around on a thumb drive, since it doesn't require installation to work, and thus not affecting the stability of the computer you use it on. The main window shows up in a pretty large screen, but it can be minimized once you're inside the area of interest. There are two types of tools at your disposal. One of them is a simple calculator fitted with a results field, necessary numerical values, as well as some basic and advanced operations. Covers math, physics, and chemistry On the other hand, you can dive into more details and visit the section where supposedly equations are made easy. Fortunately, the area deserves its name, both because of the little amount of effort required on your behalf, and the list of equations which perfectly explains how the result is delivered. Equations include different formulas for physics, geometry, algebra, and chemistry. Whereas the latter items only converts temperature, all others are fitted with various categories and calculators for Newtonian gravity, displacement, wavelength, angular momentum and a lot more for physics, while math operations take you through area, volume, perimeter, Heron and Pythagoras' formulas, exponents, square root, interest, and more. In conclusion On an ending note, JEME offers an impressive variety of calculators, and even though they seem a little chaotic in terms of structural arrangement, you're sure to find the means to find out the results you need for various scientific areas. JEME Description: Java Runtime Environment is a portable application, that allows you to perform calculus operations in a very simple and intuitive way. The app provides you with three basic operations: addition, subtraction and multiplication. Besides that, it gives you complete access to all the calculus formulas available for you to use. SUCCESS Discover a world of powerful 3D graphics, immersive gaming and the ultimate virtual reality, all on your Android phone. GOT IT " b7e8fdf5c8
With Java Emulation Engine you have access to a dedicated array of functions designed to handle all your mathematical needs, in your pocket. This Java applet offers a simplified but powerful system of functions, which you can use to perform calculations, trigonometric, aritmetical, linear, exponential, logarithmic and power functions. Some examples of some of the most common uses for Java Emulation Engine include: - Estimated the different financial value of some products. - Calculate the perimeter of a given polygon. - Calculate the difference between two current dates. - Calculate the order of magnitude of a number. - Calculate the volume of a cube. In addition you can perform: - Simple divisions and factorials. - Addition and subtraction. - Multiplication and division. - Composition and derivation. - Computing the square root. - Power functions. - Trigonometric, inverse and exponential functions. - Logarithmic and logarithmic identities. - Complex numbers. - Trivials. - Difference equations. - Mathematical identities. Although it is really powerful, simple and efficient, Java Emulation Engine is designed to be perfectly suited to any kind of person, from students to parents, who want to be able to make all their algebra and trigonometry calculations wherever they are. This Java applet has been designed with great care and precision, to be capable of handling any mathematical problems you might need to solve. For now, the only thing missing is your answer. UPDATE 1: I just upgraded to the latest version (0.9.5) and it works flawlessly (I was right, don't need to say it anymore). UPDATE 2: You can also use a rooted browser on a rooted phone like Moto G. UPDATE 3: You can open, copy and save the answers to a file you create for this purpose. Previous updates: 0.9.4: - Other types of equations added (not so useful for now) - Multiple equations editing - More equations added - Deleted erroneous lines 0.9.3: - Other types of equations added (not so useful for now) - Added more equations - Corrected typos 0.9.2: - Other types of equations added - Added more equations - Corrected typos 0.9.1:
What's New in the?
JEME is a free program that simplifies complex scientific calculation operations, for example the calculation of motion, velocity, acceleration, and force. With it you can find the math formula necessary for various scientific studies, and quickly find the results on a PC. The platform The principle application of JEME is that it uses a bar-code scanner to record the data you enter and calculate the output result. You can begin by entering the numerical values of your needs, and JEME will calculate their result for you. The program is simple and easy to use. You can use it without the need of installation, but JEME requires Java 7 or an earlier version of the program. Using JEME JEME will automatically recognize the type of equation you want to solve. You can add several types of equations to a single worksheet for analysis. You can also change the units of measurement of the result. The calculation is simple and fast, and there is a result field for saving the result of the equation. Operations with JEME are available in two tabbed windows. One shows the different types of equation, and the other one shows the operations. You can find these tools at the bottom of the main window, or in a menu below the screen. There are simple numerical input tools, as well as an advanced, numerically calculated equation. The main window offers a preview of the main tab. You can also find a bonus set of tools underneath the preview. In the bonus set of tools you can find equation types, setting up your preferred result for calculation, and calculations for which you do not need to type numerical values. In the bottom of the main window you can find the equation tools. You will find four different categories under the equations section, such as: "Type of equation", "Calculator", "Equation" and "Equation with result". By clicking on the first tab you can input your variables in a form labeled "Input data", which will allow you to create equation for the most common equations. It also offers to set up the calculator parameters and operations you prefer. You can set the format for type and for the units of measurement. You can choose between Celsius and Fahrenheit. The second tab contains the calculator you need for the desired operation. For example, the Newtonian, acceleration, displacement, vector, and many others. The
Windows: Windows 7/8/10, 64-bit Processor: Intel Core 2 Duo or better Memory: 2 GB RAM Video Card: NVIDIA 8800 or ATI Radeon HD 2400 or better DirectX: Version 9.0


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Durham, NC — Coyotes today are pint-sized compared to their Ice Age counterparts, finds a new fossil study. Between 11,500 and 10,000 years ago — a mere blink of an eye in geologic terms — coyotes shrunk to their present size. The sudden shrinkage was most likely a response to dwindling food supply and changing interactions with competitors, rather than warming climate, researchers say.
In a paper appearing this week in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers studied museum collections of coyote skeletons dating from 38,000 years ago to the present day. It turns out that between 11,500 and 10,000 years ago, at the end of a period called the Pleistocene, coyotes in North America suddenly got smaller.
"Pleistocene coyotes probably weighed between 15-25 kilograms, and overlapped in size with wolves. But today the upper limit of a coyote is only around 10-18 kilograms," said co-author Julie Meachen of the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center in Durham, North Carolina.
"Within just over a thousand years, they evolved into the smaller coyotes that we have today," she added.
What caused coyotes to shrink? Several factors could explain the shift. One possibility is warming climate, the researchers say. Between 15,000 and 10,000 years ago, global average annual temperatures quickly rose by an average of six degrees. "Things got a long warmer, real fast," Meachen said.
Large animals are predicted to fare worse than small animals when temperatures warm up. To find out if climate played a role in coyotes' sudden shrinkage, Meachen and co-author Joshua Samuels of John Day Fossil Beds National Monument in Oregon measured the relationship between body size and temperature for dozens of Ice Age coyotes, and for coyotes living today, using thigh bone circumference to estimate body size for each individual.
But when they plotted body size against coldest average annual temperature for each animal's location, they found no relationship, suggesting that climate change was unlikely to be the main factor.
If the climate hypothesis is true, then we should see similar changes in other Ice Age carnivores too, Meachen added. The researchers also studied body size over time in the coyote's larger relative, the wolf, but they found that wolf body sizes didn't budge. "We're skeptical that climate change at the end of the Pleistocene was the direct cause of the size shift in coyotes," Meachen said.
Another possibility is that humans played a role. In this view, coyotes may have shrunk over time because early human hunters —believed to have arrived in North America around 13,000 years ago — selectively wiped out the bigger coyotes, or the animals coyotes depended on for food, leaving only the small to survive. Stone tool butchery marks on Ice Age animal bones would provide a clue that human hunters had something to do with it, but the fossil record has turned up too few examples to test the idea. "Human hunting as the culprit is really hard to dispute or confirm because there's so little data," Meachen said.
A third, far more likely explanation, is dwindling food supply and changing interactions with competitors, the researchers say. Just 1000 years before the sudden shrinkage in coyotes, dozens of other species were wiped out in a wave of extinctions that killed off many large mammals in North America. Until then, coyotes lived alongside a great diversity of large prey, including horses, sloths, camels, llamas and bison. "There were not only a greater diversity of prey species, but the species were also more abundant. It was a great food source," Meachen said.
While coyotes survived the extinctions, there were fewer large prey left for them to eat. Smaller individuals that required less food to survive, or could switch to smaller prey, would have had an advantage.
Before the die-off, coyotes also faced stiff competition for food from other large carnivores, including a bigger version of wolves living today called the dire wolf. After bigger carnivores such as dire wolves went extinct, coyotes would have no longer needed their large size to compete with these animals for food.
The findings are important because they show that extinction doesn't just affect the animals that disappear, the researchers say — it has long-term effects on the species that remain as well.
"In a time of increasing loss of biodiversity, understanding the degree to which species interactions drive evolutionary change is important," says Saran Twombly, program director in the National Science Foundation (NSF)'s Division of Environmental Biology, which supported the research.
"Species interactions are delicate balancing acts. When species go extinct, we see the signature of the effects on the species that remain," Meachen said.
CITATION: Meachen, J. and J. Samuels (2012). "Evolution in coyotes (Canis latrans) in response to the megafaunal extinctions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent) is a nonprofit science center dedicated to cross-disciplinary research in evolution. Funded by the National Science Foundation, NESCent is jointly operated by Duke University, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University. For more information about research and training opportunities at NESCent, visit _URL_.
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


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Your Guide to Heat Activated Adhesives
By Sue Chambers on Mar 26, 2020 9:30:00 AM
A heat activated adhesive is a type of adheive, usually applied to a tape backing, that will not bond at normal temperatures. Instead, it becomes sticky in certain temperatures, wherein the adhesive chemicals are activated and can form a bond.
These tapes are extremely versatile and can be used for bonding in a huge variety of projects. Join us, today, as we dive deep into heat activated adhesive, its uses, benefits, alternatives, and how it all works.
What Is Heat Activated Adhesive?
Let's start today's article off with a basic explanation of heat activated adhesives. As the name implies, this is a non-sticky adhesive that, usually, will not bond or adhere at normal temperatures. As part of its design, this adhesive only begins to bond when heated to a very specific temperature.
Heat activated adhesive films offer a lot of versatility in their design and application. They are industrial in scope and have actually grown extensively in popularity over the last few decades.
When activated from a heat source, your adhesive goes through two stages:
 - Phase one occurs takes place within seconds of the heat activation process. Bonding occurs between the two objects and the adhesive tape itself begins to cool after being heated.
 - The second phase of the process is carried out over the next few minutes. Once the adhesive has had chance to cool down, the chemicals on the tape start crystallizing. This increases the strength of the material bond significantly.
One of the big draws to heat activated adhesives is that it is completely dry before being heated. There is no tackiness, and it will not stick to itself, making it incredibly easy to work into various cracks and crevices without major hassle. The tape itself feels like paper and only becomes sticky under heated conditions.
Adhesive films use thin layers of specifically designed bonding agents attached to some sort of backing material to get the job done. This gives you, the user, a product that is equal parts easy to use and extremely versatile. Backings can be coated with the adhesive on one or both sides. They may also be treated with different concentrations of the same adhesive. This makes them more or less appropriate for different tasks.
Moreover, these backings may actually be created from a range of materials. Depending on your needs and supplier, you might find any of the following as your heat activated adhesive backing:
 - cloth
 - foam
 - foil
 - paper
 - plastic well as a host of others. The aim, with these, is to provide enough room to use heat adhesives in a range of environments. You'll find tapes cut and wound into rolls, for easy use and storage.
Heat-activated adhesives are available in configurations for any job you can imagine. Suitable for materials from plastic to metal and wood, there's very little you can't actually join with a good heat activated adhesive.
More Characteristics
Heat activated film brings a range of useful traits to the table, including some of the following:
 - resistance to aging and weathering
 - improved shock resistance
 - extreme flexibility
 - available in a range of thicknesses and designs
 - incredibly high bonding strength
 - improved resistance to chemicals
 - extremely stable in high temperatures
 - elasticity under various conditions
 - the availability of electrically conductive variants
As a leading adhesive across various industries, heat activated films deserve their reputation. The adhesive itself is designed for temperatures from 40 to 140 degrees, C. Depending on where you go, adhesives are also made in a variety of grades. Looking for an improved flammability rating? Expecting more from your web grade? There's something out there for you.
Different Types Of Adhesive Tape
Of course, heat activated tape isn't the only variety out there. Let's take a closer look at the three main types of adhesive tape, in general, so we can compare their benefits:
Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Film
Otherwise known as "PSA", pressure-sensitive adhesives use chemicals that activate under pressure. This is what many of us think of when we think of traditional adhesive tape. A film that consists of pressure sensitive adhesive applied to some sort of substrate, typically on one side. The other side of the tape's backing usually features a release liner that makes manual pressure applications easier.
You'll PSAs sticky at room temperature, making them quick to prepare and to apply. They can be used to bond various materials, from paper and plastic to metal and concrete in some cases. They work better in temperatures from 59 to 95ºF. At a lower temperature, you may run into wetting or adhesion issues with the actual substrate itself. Alternatively, if used in extremely high temperatures, the tape itself may stretch or warp, presenting problems during the final application.
In terms of bonding pressure, expect around 30 psi from this adhesive, depending on the specific application you are using it for.
Heat Activated Adhesive Film
With so many options of tape available, heated, pressure sensitive, and not, it should be noted that heat activated pressure sensitive adhesive exists. For the purposes of simplicity, however, we'll just be looking at heated options, today.
Heat activated films are a different animal to pressure sensitive tape. Unlike the latter, heat activated adhesive are completely dry until activated by the titular heat. That means they are not tacky, will not stick to the user or themselves, and can be applied in whatever configuration they need to be.
For proper adhesion, the film has to be kept at a high temperature, typically anywhere above 180º F, for a very specific period of time. This is useful because it is so specific, meaning there is zero change of accidentally activating the tape before you are ready to use it.
While the tape is cooling after being heated, the adhesive's microstructure begins to crystallize, boosting its overall bond strength significantly. This strength is important to the overall utility of these tapes. With thermally activated adhesives, they are particularly aggressive, and their adhesion allows for difficult surfaces to be joined with minimal issues. These can include notoriously tricky substrates, such as rubber and other polymer based materials.
As a last note, heat activated adhesives are also very customizable and can be combined with various backing materials to achieve different results.
Moisture Activated Adhesive Film
Where pressure sensitive tape requires the application of pressure, and heat is require for heat activated adhesive films, moisture is activated in wet conditions. Here, the adhesive compound becomes sticky when wet with water or any other approved liquid solution.
This is less of an industrial option than the other adhesives on this list, and is generally much less expensive. Users will find this adhesive film backed with kraft paper, and it is generally used for more lightweight projects.
What Are Some Of The Other Benefits Of Heat Activated Adhesive?
Heat activated adhesive tapes are mostly popular for their relatively high bonding strength. This is a strong bond with an even application and, as we've described, is often used for binding tricky substrates that other chemicals just don't work on.
Improved chemical resistance is another big factor. The crosslinking reaction that occurs while the thermoset adhesives are curing makes for a far more robust bonding structure that you just don't find elsewhere. Pressure sensitive and moisture films have their place, but they can't compete when it comes to bonding strength.
Not only is it stronger than alternative adhesives, but it also works on surfaces those films just aren't compatible with. Adhesion on these surfaces simply isn't an option, usually, but the added bonding strength and maneuverability of heat films give them a decisive edge. Look to heat activation for work with the following materials:
 - Aluminum foil
 - Polyurethane
 - PVC
 - Rubber
As a result of this compatibility, thermally activated adhesives are also used in a wider variety of industries. Laminating, forming and thermoplastic welding all have their uses for this tape, among many others. One industry that has seen a lot of play in this regard is the textile industry, where heat-activated adhesives combine extremely well with various fabrics. This, in turn, means it can be used to make various high-performance composites, giving designers the tools they need to build anything they want.
More practically, these same textile designers were able to incorporate this film into their waterproof garments. Sealing their garments quicker and more easily than ever before, heat activated adhesive films found a place in this community early on. Add to that the fact that it is washing machine durable, and it's a no brainer why this would be popular in textile work.
Of course, the benefits of this kind of adhesive go much further than that. It starts with versatility, with the tape itself designed for rigid or flexible applications. This is why it's seen so much success in different industries, as the applications are far-ranging and varied.
It's also excellent for induction curing and sealing. This makes it appropriate in high-pressure applications, shoring up leaks and curing surfaces quickly and easily.
Applications For This Adhesive
Using a combination of specifically designed tapes and heat activated adhesives, it's possible to achieve a variety of great results. These tapes can be used to bond to weather strip seals, with their high durability


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DNS ChrisPC Switch can increase security when using online sites to help protect user data and positively affect the performance of the Internet connection. Switch DNS addresses can accelerate startup website.
Among the DNS servers of Google Public DNS, DynDNS, Norton ConnectSafe, Public-Root DNS or OpenHome.
Features of ChrisPC DNS Switch:
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- Set your favorite DNS or select one from the software's DNS Database.
- The DNS Database contains presets grouped by type: Regular DNS, Secure DNS, Family Safe DNS, Anonymous DNS and Custom DNS.
- DNS Benchmark lets you find the fastest DNS with one click.
- Protect your online experience by using a Secure DNS server that filters out websites that are potentially threats to your PC (avoiding viruses, malware, trojans etc.)
- Block adult websites or those that encourage violence, drugs and/or indecent behavior by selecting a Family Safe DNS.
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ChrisPC DNS Switch 3.50 Final + Portable | dailyuploads


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How to Approach this Book
Madame de Salzmann's writings will challenge longtime followers and even confound readers who are unfamiliar with Gurdjieff's teaching. Everyone will have the opportunity to recognize the limits of his or her understanding, that is, open to a sense of the unknown that Madame would call the threshold to reality.
One way of going further is to engage with others who have a similar search. Over the past few years, study groups have discovered some approaches that may be helpful to others:
- Reading the texts aloud and slowly in small groups. This calls from the listeners and readers an attentiveness that opens in order to better receive what is read.
- Limiting the amount read at each meeting to only one text, or even a part of a single text. The material is extremely concentrated and not easily digested in large portions.
- Following the reading with a discussion and exchange on the participants' experience and questions. This allows each to confront his own questioning supported by others who are searching in the same direction.


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Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
arval (plural arvals)
- (funeral feast): This noun is frequently used attributively, as in Arval Supper, arval-bread, and so on.
- Connected with or relating to funeral celebrations.
- ^ "arveøl" in Ordbog over det danske Sprog: "eng. dial. (laant fra nord.) arvall, arvel", English dial. (borrowed from Old Norse) arvall, arvel


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circulation of the foot, leading to more swelling, creating a vicious cycle. The vet might want to take an x-ray, but this will likely be a waste of money, even if the leg is broken. Most broken legs in rats can heal on their own, even breaks near the ankle joint that are floppy. You do not need to keep the rat isolated or quiet. Treat the pain and swelling with ibuprofen at a dose of 60 mg/lb twice a day. A compound fracture, where the bone breaks the skin, is much more serious and you must take your rat to a vet as the leg may need to be pinned or amputated, and treatment with an antibiotic (I recommend amoxicillin) is necessary.
If a swollen foot looks like it is puffed up with fluid, you can try soaking it in a warm Epsom salts solution, which will help to draw excess fluid out through the skin. The easiest way to soak a foot is to put the solution in a small baggie to put the rat's foot in.
I once had a rat who developed pain in his ankles from being on a wire floor without actually getting his legs caught. There was no swelling but he demonstrated pain by holding one foot up or limping on it. When I moved him to a cage without wire floors, the pain went away.
Here are pictures showing the
healing of a broken leg. This is Basil, with a compound fracture of the tibia
and fibula. The first picture was
just before surgery on
Sudden severe swelling, especially on the face, can occur from an injury or from an insect or spider bite. You can treat swelling with ibuprofen (see below). Or you can take your rat to the vet for a shot of dexamethasone. (Swellings can also be abscesses, which can appear fairly suddenly.)
An injury to the flap of the ear can result in a hematoma. This is a pocket of blood that forms under the skin. DO NOT try to lance a hematoma because this can cause profuse bleeding that is difficult to stop. A hematoma of the ear will eventually resolve on its own, although this may disfigure the ear. It this bothers you, you can have your vet repair the hematoma surgically.
Ibuprofen is an NSAID, a non-steroidal anti-inflamatory. It is a more effective pain killer and anti-inflammatory than aspirin or acetaminophen. It interferes with blood clotting but only while it is in the system. Chronic use can cause bleeding, ulceration, and perforation of the stomach. It can cause fluid retention and decreased blood flow to the kidneys, so is more risky to use in the elderly, with heart or kidney disease, or with diuretics. The dose is 15-60 mg/lb 2-4 times a day. Lower doses are for analgesia, higher for inflammation.
You can use you can either crush up a tablet or use liquid baby medications if they do not contain sorbitol, an artificial sweetener that rats hate. Sorbitol will be listed under the inactive ingredients. Most rats like berry flavored Motrin. To figure out the dose, look on the bottle to see how many mg/ml. Figure out how many ml to use to give your rat the proper number of mg. It's a good idea to give the rat a treat afterwards to mask the bad aftertaste that may cause your rat to refuse the medication the second time.
For tablets, you can grind them up into a fine powder on a small plate with a spoon. For capsules, pull the halves of the capsule apart and dump out the powder. Grind it up if necessary. You can then mix the powder in liquid or food.
To mix in food, mix the powder well and divide into little piles, each containing the proper dose. Then you can scrape a pile into the food. Some suggestions include baby food, pudding, mashed avocado, yogurt, brown sugar and carob powder, honey, peanut butter mixed with jelly, moistened graham cracker, non-fat cream cheese, margarine, Nutri-Cal, pasta sauce, and as a last resort, ice cream, frosting, cheesecake, or even butterscotch or chocolate syrup! Use only enough food to mask the taste of the medicine so your rat will eat it all immediately. Adding a bit of salt will help counter the bitter flavor of medicines. If your rat refuses to eat the doctored food voluntarily, those in paste form can be smeared on his mouth, or even on the backs of his ears so he will groom the paste off and eat it.
The dose most vets prescribe for rats is too low. Metacam (generic name meloxicam) is an NSAID, and therefore works the same way as ibuprofen. The liquid sold by vets is for dogs, and since dogs do not metabolize NSAIDs well, the dog dose is very low (only 0.1 mg/lb). Rats metabolize NSAIDs very well, in fact, so well that the dose of ibuprofen for inflammation in rats is 60 mg/lb 2-4 times a day. (Exotic Animal Formulary, AAHA, 1995, 2001 and Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals, 3rd ed. Borchard et al, 1990)
By comparing the human dose of ibuprofen to that for rats, and then looking at the human dose of meloxicam (which is 7.5 to 15 mg a day), it appears that the best dose of Metacam for rats is 1 to 2.25 mg/lb. Since the concentration of the Metacam liquid is 1.5 mg/ml, a 1-lb rat would need 0.6 to 1.5 ml. In addition, although meloxicam is only given once a day to humans and dogs, because the rat's metabolism is so much higher, it needs to be given more often to rats. I recently talked with a rat owner giving Metacam to a rat with severe pain, and she reports that once a day was not often enough.
Because rats are so small, and not well adapted to heat, they can succumb to heat stroke quickly. Situations that can cause heat stroke include leaving your rat in the sun or outside in warm weather, too close to a heater, or on a heating pad. The symptoms of heat stroke can include drooling and lethargy or unconsciousness. The tail will be quite warm to the touch. You must quickly cool the rat by submerging her up to her neck in lukewarm water. Also encourage her to drink an electrolyte beverage or water containing some sugar and salt. If she doesn't recover quickly, rush her to your vet.
Shock & CPR
There are two types of shock we need to be concerned about: electrical shock and physiological shock. Electrical shock can occur when a rat chews through a power cord. Electrocution can cause unconsciousness and can also stop breathing. In this case, you must do mouth-to-nose respiration to start the breathing again.
Place your lips around the rat's nose and blow into her lungs. You will have to blow fairly hard, enough to make the chest expand, but not too hard. After blowing 2-3 times, check to see if breathing has started. If not, firmly massage the chest for a couple of seconds and then blow in their nose again. Alternate the chest massage with blowing into the lungs. Firmly slapping the body can also stimulate breathing. Do not give up too easily. You may have to work for several minutes to restore the breathing.
Electrocution can also cause burns, especially to the mouth. Burns are not always obvious on animals with fur so if your rat has been electrocuted, a veterinary exam is good precaution.
Physiological shock is a condition where the circulation system shuts down because of blood loss, extreme stress, or other failure of normal body systems, and is an extreme emergency. The symptoms include extreme lethargy, dull eyes, and low body temperature. Keep your rat warm and her head lower than her body while rushing her to the vet for an injection of dexamethasone and possible fluid therapy.
Diarrhea & Constipation
Diarrhea isn't common in rats, and is usually caused by sensitivity to a medication. If the diarrhea is severe, you may need to discontinue the medication. Occasionally, diarrhea can be caused by a temporary upset in the intestinal flora (good bacteria in the intestines) which can be treated with probiotics (good bacteria for the intestines). One source of probiotics is yogurt containing active cultures (check the label), but a better source is a probiotic product from a health food store, pet shop or feed store. Dose is not critical; you can't give too much. Mix it in soft food. If the rat is on an antibiotic, give the probiotics at least 2 hours before or after giving the antibiotic otherwise the antibiotic will kill the good bacteria. If the diarrhea is going to respond to the probiotics, you should see an improvement within a few days.
For sudden severe diarrhea, you can give Pepto-Bismol at 1 drop/oz body weight three times a day, or Immodium at 1/10 the human dose.
For a rat who isn't on any mediations, chronic diarrhea that doesn't respond to probiotics is most likely caused by a serious problem with the intestines. In young rats it can be caused by megacolon. In older rats the most common cause is something like intestinal cancer.
Constipation is usually caused by low water intake


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This webinar originally occurred on January 6, 2022
Duration: 1 hour
Since the development of early firearms in the mid-1200s, the best material for making critical parts for weapons has been iron-based metal. While iron and steel (an alloy metal that contains iron) are popular materials due to their strength and resilience, they are susceptible to chemical reactions when interacting with the environment. The most common chemical reaction of concern is corrosion or rust, which causes metal to deteriorate or dissolve. Corrosion and chemical reactions most often occur in wet and humid conditions. If firearms are not properly cared for or are left in these conditions, it could have adverse effects on the firearms' operability and could affect the firearms' individual characteristics.
While past research has been performed on the possibility of identifying characteristics on rusted firearms after they have been restored, there is little research on how long a firearm can be left to rust before an identification is no longer possible. Potential identification comparisons were performed on cartridge cases and projectiles after they were test fired through firearms that were left to rust for certain periods of time. This project evaluates the effects of rust on the common working surfaces of Glock and Smith & Wesson Sigma firearms that firearm examiners use to make an identification. The unpredictable data suggests that Glocks cannot be identified past three months of rusting while Sigmas can be identified at six months and possibly even longer.
Detailed Learning Objectives
- Attendees will learn the adverse effects of corrosion and rust on a firearm's operability and individual characteristics.
- Attendees will learn the length of time a firearm, both with conventional and polygonal rifling, can rust before individual characteristics are altered or changed enough to where an identification can no longer be made.
- Attendees will learn whether the amount of time a firearm has been rusting can be estimated based on the condition in which it was found.
- David Glatter | Forensic Firearms Examiner, Broward County Sheriff's Office Crime Lab, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Funding for this Forensic Technology Center of Excellence webinar has been provided by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.
The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this webinar are those of the presenter(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the U.S. Department of Justice.


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Career Profiles and Employment Projections
Chemical Plant and System Operators: Career Information
Chemical Plant and System Operators
Top 3 chemical system operator Jobs
Water Treatment Operator
- Aboitiz Power Generation Group
Ensures integrity of water basins/pools and chemical tanks in accordance with internal safety policies and established procedures, including but not limited…
- Moog Inc.
The operator is responsible for chemical cleaning, treatments and coatings which can help in extending the lives of metals and ensuring the safety of people…
- Luen Thai Macao Commercial Offshore Company Limited
- Central Luzon
Boiler operators are responsible for maintaining heating systems in large buildings in the boiler, engine, and mechanical rooms.
See all chemical system operator jobs
What Chemical plant and system operators Do
Control or operate entire chemical processes or system of machines.
Chemical plant and system operator Salaries
- 2014 employment: 38,100
- May 2015 median annual wage: $59,320
Job Outlook for Chemical plant and system operators
Projected employment change, 2014–24:
- Number of new jobs: -3,500
- Growth rate: -9 percent (Decline)
How to Become a Chemical plant or system operator
Education and training:
- Typical entry-level education: High school diploma or equivalent
- Work experience in a related occupation: None
- Typical on-the-job training: Long-term on-the-job training
Get the education you need: Find schools near you!
*Some content used by permission of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.


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A business exists to create value by providing a solution to a problem that people have. There are a few reasons why people pay for products and services to solve their problems, including:
- They don't want to solve their problem on their own.
- They can't afford to solve their problem on their own.
- They don't have the time to solve their problem on their own.
As a business owner, you create value by bringing people and resources together to solve the problems people have. This concept is something many business owners overlook until they get to a point where they need to understand why their company isn't producing the results they want. To build a valuable business, you must spend time understanding why your customers use your business. What is the specific problem or problems your business is solving for them? The more detailed your answers are, the more opportunities you will find to create value.Read more: How business owners create value
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Here's a video that will take you through the steps of making a storm glass; a smart device that can give you a weather update!
The storm glass or chemical barometer already exist in 1750 but was not popularly known and used until the 19th century. The crystals in a chemical barometer are made up of three solid components that were dissolved in the heat but somehow form a mass on their own as the climate conditions change every day. Note that the amount of each component used in making a storm glass may need to be adapted to your local climate, since storm-glass instruments were all intended for use in cold climate zones. Are you ready to predict the weather? Follow the instructions below, and start making your storm glass today!
- Vodka, 100 Proof (50% Ethanol) – 300 mL
- Camphor – 28g (1oz)
- Potassium Nitrate – 10g
- Ammonium Chloride – 10g
1. Pour in 300 ml of vodka in a jar
2. Add 1 cube of camphor to the vodka
3. Add 10 g potassium nitrate
4. Add 10 g ammonium chloride
5. In a pot lightly heat some water then immerse the jar to dissolve all the solid components. This will show you the degree to which one substance is able to dissolve in another
6. While heating, cover the jar lightly. Do not use a tight cover as this will cause pressure to build up inside the jar
7. Put a couple of ice cubes on the lid to reduce any alcohol that may evaporate
8. Turn off the burner once all the solids have dissolved and allow the water to cool down before you put the sealing ring of the jar
9. Place in a non-climate controlled area in your house
To reset your storm glass, place the jar in a bowl of warm water for 10 minutes. Wait for the old crystals to dissolve completely. Always loosen the jars' lid when reheating to prevent pressure build-up.


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Is an "institution offering fraudulent or substandard degrees" the same as a diploma mill?
The Texas legislature chose to use the phrase "institution offering fraudulent or substandard degrees" to describe the institutions from which consumers need protection. The phrase covers both institutions that intend to defraud the public and those who may not intend fraud but, by their substandard operations, accomplish the same bad result. In either case, they offer degrees with little or no serious work. Some sell the degrees through a web site or by sending money to a mailbox, often claiming to "assess your life experiences." Others require some nominal amount of work from the student, often in a traditional classroom setting, but do not require coursework as rigorous as that required by legitimate colleges.
Webster's Third New International Dictionary defines "diploma mill" as "an institution of higher education operating without supervision of a state or professional agency and granting diplomas which are either fraudulent or because of the lack of proper standards worthless." Another term often used to describe these institutions is "degree mill."
Are institutions offering fraudulent or substandard degrees really a problem?
Defrauding the public by offering fraudulent or substandard degrees is a crime. Worldwide the problem is huge but, being an illegal activity, its cost to the public is difficult to determine. It has been estimated that this industry generates a half billion dollars a year. That figure does not include the loss of money and time by employers deceived when fraudulent degree holders are hired, promoted, or given raises; by state licensing agencies and employers, both public and private, to screen out fraudulent degrees; and by the public depending on the false claims of the fraudulent degree-holders when purchasing goods and services. In addition, the public is endangered when fraudulent degree-holders obtain employment in criminal justice agencies, or in public and private schools or health fields, such as medicine, nursing, or public health.
What are some of the warning signs that an institution may be offering fraudulent or substandard degree?
The number one warning sign:
Other warning signs:
Does an ".edu" extension of an Internet web address mean that a school is legitimate?
No. Some institutions offering fraudulent or substandard degrees and some unaccredited schools have been able to obtain ".edu" extensions. There is currently no action underway to make these institutions cease using such extensions. An ".edu" extension means nothing regarding a school's quality, legitimacy, or accreditation status. However, the lack of an ".edu" extension is a warning sign that the institution may not be legitimate and warrants further investigation before enrolling.
What is accreditation and why is it important?
Accreditation is a system of institutional self-regulation to assure educational quality. The review is conducted by an accrediting association consisting of institutions that have met or exceeded agreed upon educational standards. Accreditation is a system that has been in use for over 100 years to assure that colleges and universities meet the minimal expectations of educational quality. This self regulation assures that higher education professionals determine educational practices. Accreditation has been an essential part of the reputation the United States has earned for having the finest higher education system in the world.
Accreditation is "voluntary", so doesn't that mean it is optional and not necessary?
Accreditation is voluntary in that the process of accreditation requires the full cooperation with and complete participation in the process of accreditation by the college or university seeking accreditation. At the heart of the accreditation process is a self-study prepared by the college or university demonstrating its commitment to the standards of accreditation.
Since accreditation is the primary means of determining the legitimacy and quality of colleges and universities in the United States, to describe the process as "voluntary" is not to describe it as "optional" or "unnecessary."
Isn't accreditation an unnecessary means of assuring educational quality? After all, Harvard is not accredited.
Though the story is much older than the term "urban legend," that is what the Harvard story is. Not only is Harvard University accredited, it has been accredited for over seven decades. The New England Association of Schools and Colleges first accredited Harvard in 1929. In addition, Harvard Divinity School has been accredited by the Association of Theological Schools since 1940.
What is the difference between accreditation and state certification?
Accreditation is a quality review conducted by private associations of colleges and universities to assure educational standards are met. Certification is a quality review conducted by the state of Texas to assure that the public is protected from institutions offering fraudulent or substandard degrees.
Why does the state regulate private post secondary schools if there is accreditation?
The certification process establishes legal authority to operate, a requirement of all accreditors. The certification process also protects the public while colleges are seeking accreditation and protects the public from those institutions avoiding accreditation in order to offer fraudulent or substandard degrees.
Foreign institutions generally do not have accreditation, so how are foreign institutions evaluated?
The National Council on the Evaluation of Foreign Academic Credentials created standards for interpreting foreign educational credentials and degrees from institutions located outside the United States. That Council consists of several associations, including the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers (AACRAO), who understand the various educational systems around the world.
Colleges and universities as well as private foreign credential evaluation services use these standards to assess the degrees held by individuals who wish to use the degrees for employment or admission to colleges or universities in the United States.
There is no governmental oversight of foreign credential evaluation services, nor does the Coordinating Board recommend any particular foreign credential evaluation service. However, we suggest that individuals seeking to have a foreign degree evaluated seek a reputable evaluator. The Board notes that AACRAO has an evaluation service. Information about that service can be found at _URL_ Also, the National Association of Credential Evaluation Services (NACES), a professional association of private foreign educational credential evaluation services, may be of help in finding a reputable evaluator. Information about that association can be found at _URL_.
Are religiously affiliated institutions exempt from state oversight under the First Amendment of the US Constitution?No. The provisions of the Texas Education Code narrowly regulate certain activities that are academic only, and since these provisions do not regulate any religious practice, there is no conflict between the state's oversight of degree-granting and the First Amendment of the US Constitution.
Does the Texas Religious Freedom Restoration Act exempt religiously affiliated institutions from state regulation?No, the Attorney General issued an opinion (JC-0200) that the Religious Freedom Restoration Act does not exempt religiously-affiliated institutions from the requirements under the Texas Education Code (Chapter 61, Subchapter G). That opinion further states that a court would likely rule that the statute and the Coordinating Board rules implementing the statute "are the least restrictive means of achieving the state's interest in maintaining the integrity of the post secondary degrees and protecting its citizens from fraud and misleading representations."
Is the Texas Education Code interfering with religious practices?
The statute does not regulate any religious practice. Institutions that have a religious affiliation are free to exercise their religious beliefs. The law is written to regulate very narrowly those activities that are academic only, such as representations that the instruction is college level or that the student can receive a degree, and not to impinge on any religious practice or belief.
In addition, institutions that do not wish to meet the academic standards of a higher educational institution are free to teach and prepare students for ministry positions as long as they do not assert that the level of their education is collegiate, either by offering degrees or calling the institution a college, university, or seminary.
Doesn't accreditation force religious institutions to compromise their religious beliefs?
No. Accreditation standards address only educational quality. Accrediting associations are member organizations and it is from the membership of the various schools that the standards are created. The member institutions of the legitimate accrediting associations consist of schools affiliated with every kind of religious denomination. There are even specialized accreditors for Bible colleges and for seminaries. No legitimate accreditor enforces any particular theological understanding, doctrine, or theology. Not only would that go beyond the scope of their purpose of assuring educational quality, their member institutions would not tolerate it.


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Skeleton keys are one of the most original forms of keys. Such keys were first created in medieval times. The reason that these keys came to be known as a key that could open all locks is because so many locks had the same form back then. Actually, the only reason a skeleton key works is because the design of the lock is not unique, and so a common form of key can open it. The true "skeleton key" of today is actually the master key, which is designed to open all locks in a particular set.
- Skill level:
Other People Are Reading
Things you need
- Blank Key
- Metal Saw
- Vice Grip
- Metal File
- Combination Key Lock to Open
Take the lock that you want to pattern the key after, and place in the vice. Using the screwdriver and hammer, pop the back panel off the lock to get to the locking mechanism.
Taking the second panel off. Using the same method, use the screwdriver and hammer to get the second, thicker plate off the back of the lock. This will be a similar technique to getting the lid off a paint can. Once the lid is off, take the keyhole out of the lock.
Sawing the keyhole is the next step. Place the keyhole in the vice grip. Using the metal saw, make three incisions into the keyhole on each side of the cylindrical shaft. Saw the top, and two sides of the keyhole. This procedure will eliminate the metal casing around the keyhole, revealing the key pattern.
Hold the casing upright in your hand so that the protruding end faces up. Remove the two thinner sides of the casing from the keyhole very carefully. Next remove the protruding bit of casing. Be extremely careful, otherwise loose pieces will go flying all over the room, and you will have to start over with a new lock. The springs should fall away gently. The only thing left visible should be the pins standing on what is left of the keyhole.
Remove the top set of pins from the keyhole, leaving the bottom set. Insert the blank key into the keyhole. This will cause the remaining pins to poke through the top of the keyhole. Take the key out of the lock. Use the metal file to file the blank key until all the pins lay flat across the top of the keyhole. This will make the key fit most locks of a similar size.
Tips and warnings
- An electric metal file will make the filing process go much quicker.
- Be sure to use the kind of lock that you want to open when making your skeleton key, otherwise it probably won't work in the lock you need opened.
- When filing the key, make sure not to file too much. Otherwise the pins will not lay flat on the surface of the lock, and the key will not work.


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From the hereditary title of the queens of Ethiopia, as mentioned in Acts in the New Testament
. It is apparently derived from Cushitic kdke
meaning "queen mother". In some versions of the Bible it is spelled Kandake
, reflecting the Greek spelling Κανδακη
. It was used as a given name by the Puritans
after the Protestant Reformation
. It was popularized in the 20th century by a character in the movie 'Meet the Stewarts' (1942).


The Environmental Benefits of Meal Kits
environmental benefits of meal kits
Have you considered using home delivery meal kits but thought that, due to the individually wrapping ingredients, it's worse for the environment?
According to research meal kits may actually be better for the environment than your average supermarket shop.
The food system is estimated to comprise 19–29% of global man-made greenhouse gas emissions. Over the recent years we have seen the emergence of home delivery meal kits such as Riverford and Gousto, who have tapped into a rising trend. As a society our lives are getting busier, these services offer to save consumers time by delivering the needed ingredients for home cooked meals. This eliminates time spent on planning meals and purchasing ingredients.
Despite their ease, how environmentally friendly are these helpful kits?
Comparing Emissions From Meal Kits Vs. a Supermarket Shop
A study in the Resources, Conservation and Recycling journal delved into this topic when they compared the greenhouse gas emissions of supplying a meal as a meal kit (from Blue Apron), to supplying the same meal through a traditional supermarket shop.
How a Traditional Supermarket Shop Produces More Emissions
emissions associated with a supermarket shop
Many people perceive meal kits as worse due to the packaging of pre-portioned ingredients. However, the study found that, when considering the full life cycle, supermarket meals exceeded meal kits' emissions by 33% (6.1 kg CO2e/meal vs 8.1 kg CO2e/meal).
There were a few reasons for this:
 1. The meal kits' direct-to-consumer model presents large emissions savings (1.35 kg CO2e/meal) as supermarkets' brick-and-mortar model results in food waste from non-purchased products.
 2. A supermarket's food waste has higher emissions than meal kit's processing waste, as it is further down the supply chain. Meaning whilst food from meal kits may be wasted when packaging the food in the factories, the food thrown away by supermarkets includes transportation and refrigeration emissions.
 3. Traditional supermarket shopping produces a greater amount of emissions through consumer food waste, exceeding meal kits by an average of 0.86 kg CO2e/meal. The difference can be attributed to the pre-portioned ingredients meaning less is thrown away.
 4. Meal kits use refrigeration packs to store the food, which produce less greenhouse gas emissions than retail refrigeration. However, the emissions produced by refrigeration packs is dependent on the type used, as water-based refrigerant packs produce much less than chemical-based refrigerants. Moreover, supermarket refrigeration has the potential to improve in the future and reduce emissions.
 5. Last-mile emissions (the transport to the consumer's home) are 0.45 kg CO2e/meal greater for supermarket meals than for meal kits. This is due to it being a round trip made by an individual consumer with variance in vehicle type, distance, and number of meals transported per trip. On the other hand, meal kits are delivered by a package or mail service via a truck on an optimised route. This finding supports previous findings that food delivery services produce less greenhouse gas emissions than consumers' individual trips to the supermarket.
Instances Where Meal Kits Produce Higher Emissions
packaging associated with meal kits
Aside from this, meal kits had higher emissions than supermarket meals in two instances:
 1. Meal kits had higher end-of-life emissions associated with the packaging that ended up in landfill. As a result, recycling packaging resulted in a 14% decrease in emissions for meal kits and 4% for supermarket meals.
 2. Packaging emissions for meal kits exceed supermarkets by an average increase of 0.17 kg CO2e/meal.
Total food waste comprises an estimated 2% of the U.S.' national greenhouse gas emissions (Venkat, 2011). Thus, even if meal kits do increase the ratio of packaging-to-product they reduce food waste, which can result in a net environmental benefit. The study's results supported a 2017 study which also found that meal kits yield lower food waste, higher packaging, and lower last-mile transportation emissions, with an average overall reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of 4% (Fenton, 2017).
How Supermarkets Can Decrease Emissions
It is still important to note that there are ways to decrease supermarkets' emissions without the increase in packaging that comes with meal kits. This includes:
 - Retailers recovering supermarkets' food waste to provide socioeconomically disadvantaged groups with food.
 - Improving the use of analytics to predict customer shopping behaviour to avoid overstocking.
 - Engaging with customers to implement regimes such as meal planning to reduce consumer food waste.
Overall, it seems that meal kits can not only benefit your lifestyle but also the environment. Especially for busier people who struggle to put time aside for meal planning, opting into these home delivery services could seriously help you reduce your carbon footprint by reducing your food waste. However, there is still a lot of packaging waste associated with these meal kits so we recommend opting for ones who are more environmentally conscious.
Check out our recommendations on which meal kits to go for here.
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Functions commonly have multi-character names - mainly acronyms - in cryptography, much more so than in math. The question is how we can best format these methods in LaTeX? If we don't do anything then they seem to consist of multiple symbols (indicating, perhaps, multiplication) in italics.
For example $KDF$ will look like three separate characters, K, D and F (in a different font of course).
The \operatorname command works well for this purpose, and I think it's the most appropriate choice. It disables italics, prevents hyphens from being converted into minus signs, and more.
Example: HMAC-SHA256(k, m) can be typeset using $\operatorname{HMAC-SHA256}(k,m)$.
screenshot of example
Unfortunately, \operatorname is a lot to type. Usually, a document would use \DeclareMathOperator once at the beginning to define shorter command names for common operators. This actually works on Crypto SE:
Now $\hmac(k,m)$ will be rendered just like $\operatorname{HMAC}(k,m)$.
The first line defines a new command \hmac, and the second line uses it.
This might be worthwhile if you're writing a long answer, but it seems like overkill in most cases. Maybe Crypto SE could eventually declare some popular operators automatically?
Even without \DeclareMathOperator, there are still some shorter options. I think the semantics of these commands are less appropriate, but that's not the end of the world.
 - \text: Does not space things out as nicely as \operatorname does.
 - \mathrm: Does not handle hyphens properly, so HMAC-SHA256 is rendered as "HMAC minus SHA256". Same spacing problem as \text.
Personally, I've been using \text on Crypto SE. That's out of laziness: I think \operatorname (or declaring a custom operator command) is a better choice.
 - $\begingroup$ Been abusing \text too… thanks for the pointer towards \operatorname which indeed seems to be a better fit. $\endgroup$ – e-sushi Feb 16 '16 at 23:29
 - $\begingroup$ I presume we cannot use \DeclareMathOperator on Crypto.SE with all the small snippets of LaTeX? $\endgroup$ – Maarten Bodewes Feb 21 '16 at 14:38
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ I added some details on that $\endgroup$ – Tim McLean Feb 22 '16 at 2:43
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Vietnam's spectacular Cat Ba archipelago could be in line for Unesco status as the country bids to have it recognised as a world heritage site.
Situated in the south of Ha Long Bay, the archipelago is made up of 367 different islands of which Cat Ba is the biggest. The islands are home to unique biodiversity, with hundreds of species of flowers and plants and unspoilt, tropical forests. Rare animals include the Cat Ba Langur monkey, which is thought to be one of the 25 most endangered primates in the world.
In addition to the beaches, caves, waterfalls and lakes on the islands, Unesco also praised the variety of cultural life on Cat Ba, which includes monuments, cultural festivals and traditions and neolithic archaeological site, Cai Beo.
The Unesco application has been made amid preparations for the 2013 National Tourism Year, which focuses on the Red River Delta, Vietnam's distinctive red-brown river, which is coloured by silt water.
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