Convert Quart dry US to pk (Quart dry US to Peck imperial)
Quart dry US into Peck imperial
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Convert Quart dry US to Peck imperial (Quart dry US to pk):
 3. From the selection list, choose the unit that corresponds to the value you want to convert, in this case 'Quart dry US'.
 4. Finally choose the unit you want the value to be converted to, in this case 'Peck imperial [pk]'.
With this calculator, it is possible to enter the value to be converted together with the original measurement unit; for example, '469 Quart dry US'. In so doing, either the full name of the unit or its abbreviation can be used. Then, the calculator determines the category of the measurement unit of measure that is to be converted, in this case 'Volume'. After that, it converts the entered value into all of the appropriate units known to it. In the resulting list, you will be sure also to find the conversion you originally sought. Alternatively, the value to be converted can be entered as follows: '95 Quart dry US to pk' or '43 Quart dry US into pk' or '97 Quart dry US -> Peck imperial' or '38 Quart dry US = pk' or '88 Quart dry US to Peck imperial' or '23 Quart dry US into Peck imperial'. For this alternative, the calculator also figures out immediately into which unit the original value is specifically to be converted. Regardless which of these possibilities one uses, it saves one the cumbersome search for the appropriate listing in long selection lists with myriad categories and countless supported units. All of that is taken over for us by the calculator and it gets the job done in a fraction of a second.
Furthermore, the calculator makes it possible to use mathematical expressions. As a result, not only can numbers be reckoned with one another, such as, for example, '(63 * 77) Quart dry US'. But different units of measurement can also be coupled with one another directly in the conversion. That could, for example, look like this: '469 Quart dry US + 1407 Peck imperial' or '99mm x 4cm x 55dm =? cm^3'. The units of measure combined in this way naturally have to fit together and make sense in the combination in question.
How many Peck imperial make 1 Quart dry US?
1 Quart dry US = 0.121 117 371 490 12 Peck imperial [pk] - Measurement calculator that can be used to convert Quart dry US to Peck imperial, among others.


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July 24, 2012 8:00 am
The humans at the olympics are at the height of athletic achievement, finely engineered bodies for very specific tasks. But beneath their feet is another highly engineered entity: the track.
London's track was designed by Mondo, the same company who designed the track for Barcelona's Olympics, back in 1992. There are a few cool things about the Mondo track, the BBC reports:
Unlike other track designs that combine traction and shock-absorption in an upper layer of rubber granules, the Mondo track separates these functions, with a cushion backing for shock absorption and a solid upper layer that optimises slip resistance, traction and durability.
That means that the spikes that some athletes wear on their shoes to grab onto the track don't need to be as long to get a good hold. Which, if you're a sprinter, is great, because that means less energy is going into penetrating the track and then ripping those spikes out as you run. It might seem like a tiny difference, but when a race is won by fractions of a second, every bit counts.
Another cool thing about the track is how the rubber layers are stuck together. Joe Hoekstra, the man in charge of Mondo's projects in London, explained the process to the BBC. "The two layers are vulcanized, a process which cross links the molecular structure of the different materials and makes the surface more uniform, stronger and elastic."
Perhaps the key component of any track is its springiness. Runners want as much energy back from the track as they can get. But tracks that are too springy aren't good either, since they don't allow the foot to roll naturally as it hits the ground.
Just like throwing a javelin, or running a mile, the track in London has to keep a fine balance of spring, durability and grip.
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Today's name is Mongo
The name "Mongo" conjures up memories of Blazing Saddles for many of us of a certain age (and thoughts of a hospital for magical maladies for others). However, it is, in fact, a completely period name. It is a variant form of Mungo, the given name of the Scottish saint who is the patron of salmon and of the city of Glasgow. As Mongo, it appears in Scots records as a given name dated to 1490 and c. 1592. [1] In the spelling Mongow, it also appears in Scots records dated to 1579.[1]
Additionally, in one of those odd coincidences that often happens with language, "Mongo" is also a Mongol descriptive nickname meaning "silver."
[1] "Index of Scots Names in Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue" by Sara L. Uckelman
[2] "Mongolian Naming Practices" by Linda Miku


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Defining dynamic properties inside your HTML
 This DIV will always be half the size of the page's width
Now, in the above example, I used the expression:
to derive half of the page's width. But wait, there's a catch! You see, in IE, depending on whether a page contains a valid doctype declaration at the very top of the page, the way to referencing numerous properties of the body changes as a result. Namely, if your page does, the syntax "document.documentElement" needs to be used instead of "document.body":
Taking this unexpected bit of information into account, we can create an expression that works in all types of pages in IE:
expression(document.compatMode=='CSS1Compat'? document.documentElement.clientWidth/2+'px' : body.clientWidth/2+'px');
The above expression tests for the precense of a valid doctype, and switches between the two possible syntax to referencing the desired property in IE. Notice how all the quotes are single (') instead of double (")- this is important, because inside inline styles, using the later would confuse the browser and render the dynamic expression useless!
The expression() function when invoked creates a dependency between your HTML property and dynamic expression specified. If and when the value for the later changes due to select user actions, the function will automatically update your HTML property with this new value. What this means is that if you tried to resize your browser window, for example, the DIV above will automatically resize to be half of the new window's width due to the dependency created between the two values and user actions that may affects one of the two. This is what makes Dynamic Properties such as time saverit keeps tracks of and adjusts to user actions automatically.
-Positioning an image in the center of the browser window
Without dynamic expressions, the simple task of displaying an image in the center of the window, for example, can be a messy task, partially because you also have to taken into account if the user has resized the window. Using dynamic expressions, it's a more elegant affair:
Example c1: Center Image Dynamic Properties Example:


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How to Remove Write Protection From Pendrive in Windows?
Today RFD is going to Provide a Solution For "The Disk is write Protected. Remove the Write-Protection or use another Disk" Error.
1. Editing the Registries to Remove write protection from USB drive Follow the steps one after another to more write protection from the Pen drive.
1. Press CTRL + R to open the RUN box.
2. Type REGEDIT and hit enter.
3. Navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE > SYSTEM > CurrentControlSet > Control > StorageDevicePoliciesand hit enter.
4. Give a double click on the WRITE PROTECT and a box will open in that enter the Value as 0 and press OK button.
5. Now restart your PC and again connect your USB pen drive to your computer and verify. That's it hopefully it will work.
Note: – In case you can't find the "StorageDevicesPolicies" in the Registry settings follow the steps below
1. Open your Notepad and copy the below code to it
CurrentControlSet\Control\ StorageDevicePolicies" /t Reg_dword/v WriteProtect /f /d 1
2. Now save this as add.bat (it should be with.bat extension or else it won't work) and run it.
3. Now continue the above process and it will work fine.
2. Formatting the Pen drive before OS boots to Remove Write protection Follow the below steps carefully to remove write protection from the USB storage drives
1. Shut down your PC/LAPTOP
2. Connect your USB drive to your PC/LAPTOP and turn it ON. While the system is booting press F8 continuously and advanced booting option screen will open.
3. In that select Safe mode with command prompt.
4. After the files loads, in the command prompt navigate to the drive of your pen drive.At first it will look something like this C:\windows\system32>now let your drive letter is"H". Then you have to type C:\windows\system32>H:and hit enter.
5. Now type H:\>format H:
it will again ask you for confirmation of Yes or No (Y/N). Type Y and hit Enter. By doing this your pen drive will get completely formatted, which will remove the write protection from it.
3. Using Command prompt to remove Write protection from Sandiskpen-drive Follow the below mentioned steps to remove write protection from the PEN DRIVES
1. Press CTRL + R and open the RUN box.
2. Type CMD to open the command prompt window
3. In the command prompt type DISKPART and hit enter
4. A new command window will open, in that again type LIST DISK and hit Enter
5. Now again type "Attributes disk clear read-only" and hit enter You can even try this method to format your Pen drive completely and remove write protection from it.
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Production: How To Make a Time Lapse Video
It is possible to make a time lapse video using your camera. You will need some good editing software as well. This type of video is used to take a long time segment and then condense it into a short video sequence. You will see many examples of these in TV shows and movies. Weather reports tend to use this to show an entire day's video in about 20 seconds. There are 2 main ways you can create a time lapse video.
Step 1. Interval Recording
To create a time lapse video with your camera you need to go into the menu to find the Interval recording feature. This may be labeled as the Int Rec. You will need to set the length of the interval between the shots as well as the recording time for each of the intervals.
Step 2. The Long Event
If you are making a time lapse recording of something that occurs over a very long time then your interval should last at least a minute with a short recording time. A good example of this type of video is showing the life of a flower over the day or of clouds as they move through the sky.
Step 3. The Short Event
It is also possible to create a time lapse video that occurs over a short time but contains a lot of action. In this case, the time interval between recordings is short, about 15 to 30 seconds and the recording time is longer at about 2 to 3 seconds. It may take a few tries to get the correct interval length and recording time.
Step 4. Using Editing Software
It is also possible to create a time lapse video in the post editing phase. The first step is to capture your video just as you would any other video. So take a full recording over the desired time period. The maximum time length will depend on the size of your memory card or the length of the tape.
Step 5. Intervals in Editing
Use your video editing program to create the time intervals. Import the entire video into the software. Normally you will create a time line of the clips you use. You can easily separate your video into equal length clips and then select the ones to use. It is possible to change the speed of the clips as well as the duration. Normally 1 hour of video can be shortened to about 2 to 5 minutes, though the speed of this shortened segment will be increased to about 4,000% the normal speed.
Step 6. Space
In order to use editing software for time lapse you will need a large hard drive and plenty of memory. Videos will take up a lot of space and individuals that do a lot of video editing and creating will have their own hard drive just for videos. When you speed up the video it will need to render at the new speed which can take time depending on the amount of memory your computer has. Make sure you play everything back as you may need to readjust the speed and other settings.
Popular Cameras for High Quality Photos:


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MHS: Streaming Media back to media list
New Israel/New England: Jews & Puritans in Early America
The New England Puritans' fascination with the legacy of the Jewish religion has been well documented, but their interactions with actual Jews have escaped sustained historical attention. Michael Hoberman's New Israel/New England tells the story of the Sephardic merchants who traded and sojourned in Boston and Newport between the mid-seventeenth century and the era of the American Revolution. It also explores the complex and often contradictory meanings that the Puritans attached to Judaism and the fraught attitudes that they bore toward the Jews as a people. Hoberman conducted research for his book while on an MHS-NEH Long-term Fellowship in 2008-2009.


How often should I train biceps?
Work your biceps up to three non-consecutive days per week. This means at least one rest day between bicep workouts. If lifting heavier weights (enough so that you can only complete six to eight repetitions), rest at least two days between bicep workouts.
How many times a week should I train biceps?
Can I work my biceps everyday?
Are bicep curls a waste of time?
The short answer is no! Of course biceps curls are not useless. It's become common place for trainers and some coaches to say that this classic and iconic exercise is a waste of time. … The theory that some fall back on is that if the movement isn't organic in nature, then you shouldn't exercise in that manner.
IT IS INTERESTING: What is the main purpose of a warm up?
How many times a week should I train arms?
Answer: Most people should train their arms twice a week (with 2 to 3 days of rest in between), except if they are hardgainers, in which case once a week is best. Another exception is that of the extremely advanced bodybuilder who have so much muscle mass and strength that once a week training works best.
Do biceps grow fast?
How many reps should I do for biceps?
The biceps and triceps should be trained using rep ranges between 5-20 reps to best maximize strength, muscle growth, and overall development of the muscles.
Why my biceps are not increasing?
Do bicep blasters work?
IT IS INTERESTING: Does Circuit Training tone your body?
What happens if we do biceps everyday?
Do strongmen do bicep curls?
No one wants to look like Scrawny Arms Rob Lowe. … "The best strength athletes in the world don't even do arm days," Bonvechio says. "Direct arm training is done to make a main lift better and provide symmetry. A powerlifter or strongman competitor will do Curls or tricep exercises to keep their elbows healthy."
Are curls bad for biceps?
A | While biceps curls have gotten a bad rap in recent years, they're not inherently bad. … The trouble with doing curls as the primary method of biceps-building is that they are an isolation exercise for a set of muscles that don't primarily work in isolation.
Are bicep curls pointless?
Why my arms are so fat?
Arm fat is just one of those things caused by the onset of ageing. As you grow older, your metabolic rate decreases and if you aren't following a physically active lifestyle, the excess fat could get stored in your arms.
How can I bulk up my biceps?
5 ways to bulk up your biceps
 3. Standing reverse grip curls. …
 4. Dumbbell hammer curls. …
 5. Zottman dumbbell curls.
IT IS INTERESTING: Can I go to the gym after drinking alcohol?
7 янв. 2017 г.
Is it good to workout biceps and triceps same day?
It is fine to work tricep and biceps on the same day. The biceps and triceps are both located in the upper arm, though they are situated in different areas. Because they belong to different muscle groups: one posterior and one anterior, you can perform biceps and triceps same day workouts.
Be first


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|Sapphire boule. |
This is a "flame fusion" sapphire crystal boule, such as might be used to create synthetic cut gemstones. Flame fusion means a fine powder of aluminum oxide (the base material sapphires are made of) is blown through an extremely hot flame and onto a seed crystal. The molten droplets, somewhat amazingly, follow the pattern of the seed crystal and slowly accumulate into a large, single crystal of sapphire.
The slight pink cast in this boule comes from a 1% impurity of titanium. Impurities determine the colors of most gemstones, and are, for example, responsible for the difference between rubies and sapphires, both of which are made of aluminum oxide.
Source: SoCal (Nevada), Inc
Contributor: Theodore Gray
Acquired: 28 April, 2004


10 Top Tourist Attractions of the World
10 Top Tourist Attractions of the World
10 Top Tourist Attractions of the World
Many of the attractions around the world symbolize the destinations they represent, and that makes them more significant. In most cases, it is the site itself that makes them worth visiting a country. Some of these are famous UNESCO World Heritage sites. These destinations just stand out above the rest.
Would-be visitors are always looking for motivation to guide their visits. Coming up with a list of places to visit could be challenging enough. So, if you are planning to start a checklist of places to visit, starting with our list below of the top tourist attractions in the world, might be of great help.
1. The Colosseum in Rome
Reminiscence of the Roman Empire, this famous and colossal structure is also a huge attraction of the modern-day Rome. Located in the heart of the city, a visit to The Colosseum will surely makes your day. Today, it is still the biggest enduring amphitheater in the world and the largest ancient amphitheater ever constructed. So, it is just befitting to every traveler to plan a trip to Italy, wander through the ancient streets of Rome, and tour the colosseum. There are direct daily flights from around the world to Rome. See it, it does not disappoint you!
2. The Eiffel Tower in Paris
Paris, the city where culture and history collide and where every traveler could find the adventures they longed for. Here is the Eiffel Tower, the symbol of Paris and one of the most Instagrammed structures of the modern world is a must to visit for all travelers. At the age of 134 years, it is still the landmark that inspires passion and dedication. This wrought-iron lattice tower was built in _PHONE_ and named after Gustave Eiffel, the engineer whose company designed and built the tower. A visit to Paris is not complete without sojourning the Eiffel Tower, where romance and creativity are always the staples of would-be visitors.
3. The Acropolis in Athens
The Acropolis is a military base and a fortress throughout the Neolithic period and became a religious center dedicated to the goddess Athena. The Acropolis is an ancient fortress perched above the city of Athens. It is 2,460 years old! It also comprises the ruins of several ancient buildings of great historical and architectural significance, such as the most famous Parthenon. Moreover, the views over the city are amazing as you walk amongst the painstakingly restored ancient buildings. Additionally, the site is also so impressive looking up from the city below.
4. The Statue of Liberty in New York City
The Statue of Liberty is a massive neoclassical copper sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, New York City. The statue is a gift from the French to the people of the United States. It was dedicated on October 28, 1886, and designated as a National Monument in 1924. It was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and its metal framework was built by Gustave Eiffel, who also built the Eiffel Tower. Although America is full of great sites to wander around, it is the Statue of Liberty that represents liberty and freedom like no other. Access to the statue is via ferry, also a highlight of a visit.
5. The Machu Picchu in Peru
According to the Peruvian Official Tourist Board, Machu Picchu is a 15th-century Incan citadel set 2,440 (8,000 ft) high in the Andes Mountains in Peru, directly above the Urubamba River valley. Built in the 15th century but was later abandoned, it is well-known for its sophisticated dry-stone walls-fused huge blocks without the use of mortar. Intriguing as it is, the buildings play on astronomical alignments and panoramic views. In its location high in the jungle-clad mountains, the setting here surreal. So, if the plan is in the offing for a South America trip, this only attraction completes your adventure of a lifetime.
6. The Pyramids of Giza in Egypt
The Pyramids of Giza is a three pyramids complex, where the Great Pyramid of Giza is also located. Sometimes called the Pyramid of Khufu or the Pyramid of Cheops, it is the oldest and the largest of the three in the pyramids complex. Located in the present-day Giza in the Greater Cairo area in Egypt, it is also the oldest and the only one to remain generally intact of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The pyramids were constructed some 4,500 years ago. It is generally believed that it was built as a tomb for the pharaoh Khufu of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt. Travelers and sightseers coming to see these magnificent structures on a camel ride around the complex is a great added experience. Easy tour plans can be arranged.
7. The Taj Mahal in India
The Taj Mahal is an immense mausoleum of ivory-white marble built on the southern bank of the river Yamuna in the city of Agra, India. It was constructed between _PHONE_ by order of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan to house the tomb of his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It also houses the tomb of Shah Jahan himself. A symbol of love, the Taj Mahal is one of the universally revered masterpieces of the world's heritage and is the gem of Muslim art in India. This amazing mausoleum was made with inlaid precious and semi-precious stones. Additionally, a riverfront setting, the surrounding gardens, and the reflecting pools are also what make the Taj Mahal so special. So, a must-see visit to India for this 17th-century Taj Mahal is a complete trip of a lifetime.
8. The Petra in Jordan
The Petra is a renowned archaeological site in Jordan's southwestern desert. Originally known as Raqmu or Raqēmō, it dates to around 300 B.C. when it was the capital of the Nabatean Kingdom. Constructed over 2,000 years ago and forgotten to the outside world for 600 years, the park city was discovered only in 1812. The Petra Archaeologic Park, all 2,640 acres of it, is a must-see and with only some exceptions, you are free to explore everything at your leisure time and will. Though you are free to fully explore everything in 5 days minimum, two days are sufficient. The park can be accessed through a narrow canyon called Al Siq, where tombs and temples are carved into pink sandstone cliffs are easily seen, earning its nickname, the "Rose City." The most famous in the park is the 45m-high Al Khazneh temple with an ornate, Greek-style facade, famously known as The Treasury.
9. The Great Wall of China
The Great Wall of China is a string of battlements that were erected across the historic northern borders of ancient Chinese states and Imperial China. It was built as a fortification against numerous nomadic bands from around the Eurasian Savannah. The Great Wall of China was built between the 14th -17th centuries, is a stark contrast in a land of modern cities and towering skyscrapers, but a stunning image that all visitors to China must-see. A leisurely walk along the top of the wall offers an astonishing view of the structure snaking off into the distance. The wall stretches through some remote areas at an astounding 21,196 kilometers. The longest wall in the world is an awe-inspiring feat of ancient defensive architecture. So, visit the wall on an easily organized tour from Beijing… all in a relatively short motorcoach ride away.
10. The Angkor Wat in Cambodia
The Angkor Wat is primarily a Buddhist temple complex in Cambodia and the biggest religious shrine in the world by land area measuring around 162.6 hectares (around 400 acres). Originally constructed in the first half of the 12th century as a Hindu temple by Emperor Suryavarman II, who ruled the region from 1113 to 1150 as the state temple and political center of his empire. Moreover, the temple was originally dedicated to the Hindu god Vishnu but became a Buddhist temple by the end of the 12th century. The complex was surrounded by jungle and, at some point, overgrown with huge trees and roots. There, you will feel like you have entered another era, wandering through Angkor Wat, the main centerpiece of the complex. This is undoubtedly one of the most incredible sites in Southeast Asia and the main reason why you must visit Cambodia.


pick over the pins and try to decide whether the set pins are in the front or back of the lock (or both). Try identifying exactly which pins are set. Remember that pin one is the frontmost pin (i.e., the pin that a key touches first). The most important skill of lock picking is the ability to recognize correctly set pins. This exercise will teach you that skill.
Try repeating this exercise with the plug turning in the other direction. If the front pins set when the plug is turned one way, the back pins will set when the plug is turned the other way. See Figure 6.2 for an explanation.
One way to verify how many pins are set is to release the torque, andt coun the clicks as the pins snap back to their initial position. Try this. Try to notice the difference in sound between the snap of a single pin and the snap of two pins at once. A pin that has been false set will also make a snapping sound.
Try this exercise with different amounts of torque and pressure. You should notice that a larger torque requires a larger pressure to make pins set correctly. If the pressure is too high, the pins will be jammed into the hull and stay there.
8.5 Exercise 5: Projection
As you are doing the exercises try building a picture in your mind of what is going on. The picture does not have to be visual, it could be a rough understanding of which pins are set and how much resistance tou are encountering from each pin. One way to foster this picture building is to try to remember your sensations and beliefs about a lock just before it opened. When a lock opens, don't think "that's over", think "what happened".
This exercise requires a lock that you find easy to pick. It will help you refine the visual skills you need to master lock picking. Pick the lok, and try to remember how the process felt. Rehearse in your mind how everything feels when the lock is picked properly. Basically you want to create a movie that records the process of picking the lock. Visualize the motion of your muscles as they apply the correct pressure and torque, and feel the resistance encountered by the pick. Now pick the lock again trying to match your actions to the movie.
By repeating this exercise, you are learning how to formulate detailed commands for your muscles and how to interpret feedback from your senses. The mental rehearsal teaches you how to build a visual understanding of the lock and how to recognize the major steps of picking it.
Back to Index >
Chapter 7 >
Chapter 9 >
MIT Guide to Lock Picking – Chapter 7
Simple lock picking is a trade that anyone can learn. However, advanced lock picking is a craft that requires mechanical sensitivity, physical dexterity, visual concentration and analytic thinking. If you strive to excel at lock picking, you will grow in many ways.
7.1 Mechanical Skills
Learning how to pull the pick over the pins is surprisingly difficult. The problem is that the mechanical skills you learned early in life involved maintaining a fixed position or fixed path for your hands independent of the amount of force required. In lock picking, you must learn how to apply a fixed force independent of the position of your hand. As you pull the pick out of the lock you want to apply a fixed pressure on the pins. The pick should bounce up and down in the keyway according to the resistance offered by each pin.
To pick a lock you need feedback about the effects of your manipulations. To get the feedback, you must train yourself to be sensitive to the sound and feel of the pick passing over the pins. This is a mechanical skill that can only be learned with practice. The exercises will help yo recognize the important information coming from your fingers.
7.2 Zen and the Art of Lock Picking
In order to excel at lock picking, you must train yourself to have a visually reconstructive imagination. The idea is to use information from all your senses to build a picture of what is happening inside the lock as you pick it. Basically, you want to project your sense into the lock to receive a full picture of how it is responding to your manipulations. Once you have learned how to build this picture, it is easy to choose manipulations that will open the lock.
All your senses provide information about the lock. Touch and sound provide the most information, but the other senses can reveal critical information. For example, your nose can tell you whether a lock has been lubricated recently. As a beginner, you will need to use your eyes for hand-eye coordination, but as you improve you will find it unnecessary to look at the lock. In fact, it is better to ignore you eyes and use your sight to build an image of the lock based on the information you receive from your fingers and ears.
The goal of this mental skill is to acquire a relaxed concentration on the lock. Don't force the concentration. Try to ignore the sensations and thoughts that are not related to the lock. Don't try to focus on the lock.
7.3 Analytic Thinking
Each lock has its own special characteristics which make picking harder or easier. If you learn to recognize and exploit the "personality traits" of locks, picking will go much faster. Basically, you want to analyze the feedback you get from a lock to diagnose its personality traits and then use your experience to decide on an approach to open the lock. Chapter 9 discusses a large number of common traits and ways to exploit o overcome them.
People underestimate the analytic skills involved in lock picking. They think that the picking tool opens the lock. To them the torque wrench is a passive tool that just puts the lock under the desired stress. Let me propose another way to view the situation. The pick is just running over the pins to get information about the lock. Based on an analysis that information the torque is adjusted to make the pins set at the sheer line. It's the torque wrench that opens the lock.
Varying the torque as the pick moves in and out of the keyway is general trick that can be used to get around several picking problems. For example, if the middle pins are set, but the end pins are not, you can increase the torque as the pick moves over the middle pins. This will reduce the chances of disturbing the correctly set pins. If some pin doesn't seem to lift up far enough as the pick passes over it, then try reducing the torque on the next pass.
The skill of adjusting the torque while the pick is moving requires careful coordination between your hands, but as you become better at visualizing the process of picking a lock, you will become better at this important skill.
Back to Index >
Chapter 6 >
Chapter 8 >
MIT Guide to Lock Picking – Chapter 6
At home you can take your time picking a lock, but in the field, speed is always essential. This chapter presents a lock picking technique called scrubbing that can quickly open most locks.
The slow step in basic picking (chapter 4) is locating the pin which is binding the most. The force diagram (Figure 5.5) developed in chapter 5 suggests a fast way to select th correct pin to lift. Assume that all the pins could be characterized by the same force diagram. That is, assume that theyall bind at once and that they allencounter the same friction. Now consider the effect of running the pick over all the pins with a pressure that is great enough to overcome the spring and friction forces but not great enough to overcome the collision force of the key pin hitting the hull. Any pressure that is above the flat portion of the force graph and below the top of the peak will work. As the pick passes over a pin, the pin will rise until it hits the hull, but it will not enter the hull. See Figure 5.3. The collision force at the sheer line resists the pressure of the pick, so the pick rides over the pin without pressing it into the hull. If the proper torque is being applied, the plug will rotate slightly. As the pick leaves the pin, the key pin will fall back to its initial position, but the driver pin will catch on the edge of the plug and stay above the sheer line. See Figure 6.1. In theory one stroke of the pick over the pins will cause the lock to open.
In practice, at most one or two pins will set during a single stroke of the pick, so several strokes are necessary. Basically, you use the pick to scrub back and forth over the pins while y ou adjust the amount of torque on the plug. The exercises in chapter 8 will teach you how to choose the correct torque and pressure.
You will find that the pins of a lock tend to set in a particular order. Many factors effect this order (see chapter 9), but the primary cause is a misalignment between the center axis of the plug and the axis on which the holes were drilled. See figure 6.2. If the axis of the pin holes is skewed from the center line of the plug, then the pins will set from back to front if the plug is turned one way, and from front to back if the plug is turned the other way. Many locks have this defect.
Scrubbing is fast because you don't need to pay attention to individual pins. You only need to find the correct torque and pressure. Figure 6.1 summarizes the steps of picking a lock by scrubbing. The exercises will teach you how to recognize when a pin is set and how to apply the correct forces. If a lock doesn't open quickly, then it probably has one of the characteristics described in chapter 9 and you will have to concentrate on individual pins.
Figure 6.1: Driver pin catches on plug
Figure 6.1: Driver pin catches on plug
Figure


Inverts the transform.
Name Type Description
When you invert a transform, a rotation clockwise becomes an identical rotation anti-clockwise. A translation to the left becomes a translation to the right. A zoom in becomes a zoom out.
Note that not every transform can be inverted. If you specify a magnification of zero, you have shrunk your world space to a point. In this case, it is not possible to invert the transform to get the original back again. However, this kind of transform is uncommon in the real world and normally only occurs as a result of programming errors.
If you apply the invert method to a non-invertable transform, the transform will remain unmodified.
Here, we add some text rotated at 45 degrees anti-clockwise around the middle of the document. We then invert the transform and draw some more text. Because the transform has been inverted, the text now appears rotated 45 degrees clockwise.
Set theDoc = Server.CreateObject("ABCpdf11.Doc")
theDoc.FontSize = 72
theDoc.Rect = "0 0 999 999"
theDoc.Pos = "302 396"
theDoc.Transform.Rotate 45, 302, 396
theDoc.AddText "45 Degrees"
theDoc.Pos = "302 396"
theDoc.AddText "Inverted"
theDoc.Save "c:\mypdfs\transforminvert.pdf"


text:
- Classification of cultivators
- How to choose a suitable cultivator for the land?
- Examples of the creation of the cultivator with your hands
- Example # 1 – Cultivator "Smart kid"
- Example # 2 – "Tornado"
- Example 3 – Disc rotary cultivator
- Example No. 4 – a Cultivator of chainsaws
- Example No. 5 – Cultivator from the engine or grinder
Before the creation of the handwritten cultivator, you first need to familiarize yourself with the principle of, design and existing functions. Now we will try to understand all this and give some striking examples of self-made cultivators, which will surely inspire you to create this miracle of technology.
Classification of cultivators
Classification of cultivators is highly complex and diverse, give examples of the main subtypes of cultivators for winter.
- Seedbed (steam) – used for continuous surface treatment
- Tilled – they treat the soil, located between the rows of sowing
- Rasteniepitateley – for working the soil between the rows with fertilizer special minerals
- Universal – used for solid and inter-row tillage
The number of processed rows:
- Single row
The type of the working parts:
By way of attaching to the tractor:
Possible work angle:
- Cultivators, working when tilted up to 20 degrees
- Cultivators, that work with any tilt of the earth's surface
- Light – used to work on small areas
- Medium – used on clay soils
- Heavy – duty professional units, which have greater engine power and the ability to attach additional equipment
The purpose of the work:
- Amateur – budget option, which provides for simple aggregations, employees for short-term work
- Semi-professional – Amateur differ from long-life operation
- Professional – is the most valuable technique, which is equipped with a powerful engine and has high reliability, unlike their "colleagues"
How to choose a suitable cultivator for the land?
To get started is to understand the purpose of various cultivators.
Light cultivators are ideal for small land, which has many different areas (the garden, lawn, garden, flower garden, etc.).
The average cultivators are suitable for larger plots of land.
If you need to track only belong to you the earth, do not buy professional units, because. they are very expensive, and the whole set of features you won't use. Then why throw your money away? It will be enough to buy a semi-professional cultivator, which, of course, will last you one season!
Examples of the creation of the cultivator with your hands
In order, to create the cultivator with your hands, it takes very little time and the orientation already taken by someone self-made unit. Now we bring to your attention 5 striking examples cultivators, which was created by gardeners at home
Example # 1 – Cultivator "Smart kid"
The simplest option is a homemade cultivator is this option. All you need is a pipe (the optimum diameter 24 mm, length of the respective growth), wheel (no more 20 cm in diameter), wooden axle, which will all be fixed, as well as studs and nuts.
First, attach the pipe to the wooden sticks (axis), and further to this same axle fasten wheel with studs and nuts. As a result, the axle rests on the wheel (which are recommended to be cut from metal, thick 2-3 mm) and lifted to a certain height above the ground depending on the diameter of the wheels. Small cultivator completely assembled and ready to work. All just, quickly and easily!
Example # 2 – "Tornado"
Creating a homemade cultivator of the type "Tornado" is as easy and quick, as in example No. 1. We need the components of this: strip of springy steel (length -50 cm, width – 2 cm, thickness – 1,5 mm) and wooden handle.
All we need is to bend the tape into a loop, attach it to a wooden handle and sharpened the edges with a file. It is recommended to create a "tornado" in diameter, a little less, than the distance between the rows (it usually is 20 cm).
Example 3 – Disc rotary cultivator
This option of the cultivator, created by your own hands, considered more complex, but an order of magnitude more efficient than the previous. It is possible not only to cultivate the land, but to align it, harrow and break up large pieces of land. The image below shows you a General view of disk rotary cultivator, and build order now we will provide you with. As for the necessary details, conventionally indicated in figure, these include: 1 disc, 2 –axis, 3 – Bush, 4 – great clip, 5 –little loop, 6 stock, 7 tube, 8 – handle.
First weld convex disks (they serve as working bodies of the cultivator) to sleeves, which are placed on the axis. Next, fix the axial ends, and for that we'll need splints, which are fixed in a large clip. Then you need to cut the top of the large bracket hole and fasten it to the pipe with handles and a crossbar. To a small bracket welded to the stock, diameter 24 mm and a length of 25 cm, in which further screwed rod diameter 16 mm.
That would give the disks a spherical shape, need to work with a hammer – strong strikes kick the bowl in the center of the disc. Immediately it is worth noting, this work heavy and require considerable physical effort.
Example No. 4 – a Cultivator of chainsaws
That would not have to spend a lot of money for the purchase of power tillers, was circulated this example, which shows how easy it is to create a cultivator, working on the basis of the motor chainsaw. To create it need a little "make friends" with technology, and also to have or to acquire some important components, which we now talk. All we need is:
- Metal corner
- Fuel tank
- Wheel (preferably the rubber)
- Sprocket on intermediate shaft (41 tooth)
- Sprocket (approach from the moped)
So, to start with the metal area weld a frame for the cultivator in the form of a cube, size 32*32 cm. To the top of the lateral parts attach the engine, lower the fuel tank (it is recommended to weld the bracket 15*15 cm). Then install a support for the intermediate shaft (place the angled upper upright). Then the supports are attached to the longitudinal angles (this is to mount bearings suspension shaft).
The center of gravity created by the tillers will fall on the supporting surface of the wheels, what makes operating the cultivator more comfortable. To create the handles we will need metal pipe (what would the handle was hard, choose a tube diameter of 30mm).
Stars we need to create a gear ratio from the intermediate shaft to the chassis. Depending on unit and operating conditions it is necessary correctly to pick up this gear ratio.
And finally collect all the elements of the Assembly together and enjoy his work. By the way the advantage of a homemade cultivator is less demanding in relation to fuels and lubricants, what can be said about imported models.
As you can see, the creation of such a cultivator does require certain technical skills, so if your "horse" Humanities, to make this miracle of technology will itself be a good task.
Example No. 5 – Cultivator from the engine or grinder
Another slightly tricky option of creating a device for the cultivation of the earth, which will save you money on the purchase of imported relative.
The advantage of this unit that, that rapid movement of the screw will carry out the breaking of the earth into large pieces, and slow just soften the soil.
The main element of such a cultivator is a reducer. To it will need welded 2 the area (on different sides), which will serve as the mount for the handles and axles. Selection of wheels is very important: big wheels is not easy, a little will get stuck and fail, so try to choose medium wheel.
Then machined the shaft and using sledgehammers oblivaetsya attachment for cultivator. In the remainder of the sleeve houses the shaft and welded screw-grouser. It is recommended to install the handle Assembly motor switch, that will make working more comfortable.
The provided examples are only a small fraction of cultivators, create yourself, therefore, if you have the imagination and love for art, you can create a unique unit for plowing the land. Wish you luck and brilliant ideas for creating garden machinery with his own hands! Recommend, also an article on, how to choose tiller to give.


text:
Definition from Nolo's Plain-English Law Dictionary
A speech made at trial after all the evidence has been presented by each party. The closing argument reviews and summarizes the evidence, and forcefully explains why the verdict should be granted in favor of the arguing party. In trials before a judge (without a jury), it is common for both parties to waive closing argument on the theory that the judge has almost surely already arrived at a decision.
Definition provided by Nolo's Plain-English Law Dictionary.
August 19, 2010, 5:12 pm


text:
Complying with ever-changing safety and environmental regulations is forcing manufacturers to make a tough choice. They're having to put off investing in newer equipment to fund compliance. Unfortunately, sticking with aging equipment raises the risk of a costly incident.
Mobile safety inspections using connected worker technology provide critical early warnings for manufacturing maintenance and safety processes. Conducting inspections with handheld digital devices and wearables improves process visibility, data collection, compliance, and decision making.
This whitepaper will examine the safety and environmental problems manufacturing companies confront every day. We'll focus on the operational and safety inspection process, particularly on why it is proving inadequate for so many organizations. It will also introduce a digital solution these companies can use today to reduce potential dangers and reduce costs while boosting daily inspection efficiency and accuracy.
Mobile inspections help manufacturing companies to:
- Eliminate paper and clipboards
- Log data in real-time
- Display and enter operations data across the corporate network
- Respond to alerts without having to return to the office or a PC


ChinaSource | Multiple Authors | Kevin Avery
Kevin Avery
Kevin Avery is a freelance writer with an interest in social science, cross-cultural communication and disability advocacy.
Peoples of China
Disability and the Three Traditional Chinese Belief Systems
Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism
Within Chinese culture, people with disabilities have been stigmatized and devalued. This is the result of beliefs which create stereotypes leading to prejudice and discrimination. With a desire to reduce this stigma, scholars are examining Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism to uncover any hidden cultural prejudice and stereotypes causing these attitudes. This is a complex endeavor that requires much sensitivity to cultural nuances. However, the goal is for people to come together in honest dialog and humble sensitivity, unified in purpose and compassion to combat prejudice and discrimination.


text:
Welcome to the
Become the Next eSafety Champion MOOC
With its virtually limitless content and opportunities, the internet has become so popular, we now carry it in our pockets to everywhere we go. However, its popularity and wide reach also bring about risks along with it. In a world where education is increasingly reliant on technology and online tools, it is essential that schools provide an online environment where students and staff can make the most of the internet while staying as safe as possible.
The eSafety Label+ MOOC aims to support education professionals to create an online safety strategy tailored to their school's needs in order to ensure their pupils learn and interact in a safer digital environment. How will this be achieved? Through an introduction to the concept of 'eSafety strategy' and a thorough analysis of the schools' strengths and shortcomings. As a participant, you will reflect upon and be better prepared to make informed decisions about a safer technological infrastructure, school policies and practices for your students. Moreover, the eSafety strategy developed throughout this MOOC will pave the way for your school to receive an eSafety Label, the European online safety accreditation service for schools!
With a view to creating your own personalised eSafety strategy, in this MOOC you will:
- Reflect on the importance of appropriate eSafety policies in a school context,
- Identify the eSafety risks and challenges your school and students may face,
- Learn how to embrace a whole-school approach and encourage all relevant parties (teachers, parents, school managements, ICT professionals, and so on) to develop an eSafety strategy tailored to your school's needs.
- Learn to implement, monitor and assess your eSafety strategy.
This course is open to anyone interested in eSafety in a school context, but it is primarily designed for practising primary and secondary school teachers. Other stakeholders such as heads of schools, ICT teachers or parents may also benefit from this course.
- Module 1: How to build an eSafety strategy
- Module 2: Identifying eSafety challenges at your school
- Module 3: Start building your strategy
- Module 4: Implementing and monitoring your strategy
Each module includes some suggested learning activity that supports the design of an eSafety strategy to be submitted at the end of the course. The final learning activity consists of two mandatory elements: 1) submitting an eSafety strategy (as progressively defined during the course) and to peer-review 3 other participants' strategies. Both tasks are a pre-requisite in order to receive the Course Badge and the final Digital Certificate. During the first module of the MOOC, the participants will be provided with guidelines to develop their eSafety strategy and an eSafety strategy template including all the relevant sections required for the final strategy submission.
The final deadline to complete all activities is 27 November 2019, 23:59 CET. Register now


Want to be an Astronaut?
This e-Lab is intended to be an introductory session on what astronauts experience on a day-to-day basis. This interactive experience with our Flight Director will allow your students to explore the concept of how gravity plays an important role in our everyday lives. They will explore the similarities and differences of how people and objects perform on Earth vs. how they perform in space.


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Welcome to Rails
This pattern splits the view (also called the presentation) into "dumb" templates that are primarily responsible for inserting pre-built data in between HTML tags. The model contains the "smart" domain objects (such as Account, Product, Person, Post) that holds all the business logic and knows how to persist themselves to a database. The controller handles the incoming requests (such as Save New Account, Update Product, Show Post) by manipulating the model and directing data to the view.
In Rails, the model is handled by what's called an object-relational mapping layer entitled Active Record. This layer allows you to present the data from database rows as objects and embellish these data objects with business logic methods. You can read more about Active Record in files/vendor/rails/activerecord/README.html.
The controller and view are handled by the Action Pack, which handles both layers by its two parts: Action View and Action Controller. These two layers are bundled in a single package due to their heavy interdependence. This is unlike the relationship between the Active Record and Action Pack that is much more separate. Each of these packages can be used independently outside of Rails. You can read more about Action Pack in files/vendor/rails/actionpack/README.html.
Getting Started
 2. Change directory to myapp and start the web server:
 3. Go to localhost:3000/ and you'll see:
 "Welcome aboard: You're riding Ruby on Rails!"
the following resources handy:
Debugging Rails
Sometimes your application goes wrong. Fortunately there are a lot of tools that will help you debug it and get it back on the rails.
First area to check is the application log files. Have "tail -f" commands running on the server.log and development.log. Rails will automatically display debugging and runtime information to these files. Debugging info will also be shown in the browser on requests from
You can also log your own messages directly into the log file from your code using the Ruby logger class from inside your controllers. Example:
class WeblogController < ActionController::Base
 def destroy
 _USER_ = Weblog.find(params[:id])
More information on how to use the logger is at
Also, Ruby documentation can be found at There are several books available online as well:
These two books will bring you up to speed on the Ruby language and also on programming in general.
Debugger support is available through the debugger command when you start your Mongrel or WEBrick server with –debugger. This means that you can break out of execution at any point in the code, investigate and change the model, and then, resume execution! You need to install ruby-debug to run the server in debugging mode. With gems, use sudo gem install ruby-debug. Example:
class WeblogController < ActionController::Base
 def index
 _USER_ = Post.all
So the controller will accept the action, run the first line, then present you with a IRB prompt in the server window. Here you can do things like:
>> _USER_.inspect
=> "[#> _USER_.first.title = "hello from a debugger"
=> "hello from a debugger"
…and even better, you can examine how your runtime objects actually work:
>> f = _USER_.first
>> f.
Display all 152 possibilities? (y or n)
Finally, when you're ready to resume execution, you can enter "cont".
The console is a Ruby shell, which allows you to interact with your application's domain model. Here you'll have all parts of the application configured, just like it is when the application is running. You can inspect domain models, change values, and save to the database. Starting the script without arguments will launch it in the development environment.
To start the console, run rails console from the application directory.
 - Passing the -s, --sandbox argument will rollback any modifications made to the database.
 - Passing an environment name as an argument will load the corresponding environment. Example: rails console production.
To reload your controllers and models after launching the console run reload!
More information about irb can be found at:
You can go to the command line of your database directly through rails dbconsole. You would be connected to the database with the credentials defined in database.yml. Starting the script without arguments will connect you to the development database. Passing an argument will connect you to a different database, like rails dbconsole production. Currently works for MySQL, PostgreSQL and SQLite 3.
Description of Contents
The default directory structure of a generated Ruby on Rails application:
|-- app
| |-- assets
| |-- images
| |-- javascripts
| '-- stylesheets
| |-- controllers
| |-- helpers
| |-- mailers
| |-- models
| '-- views
| '-- layouts
|-- config
| |-- environments
| |-- initializers
| '-- locales
|-- db
|-- doc
|-- lib
| '-- tasks
|-- log
|-- public
|-- script
|-- test
| |-- fixtures
| |-- functional
| |-- integration
| |-- performance
| '-- unit
|-- tmp
| |-- cache
| |-- pids
| |-- sessions
| '-- sockets
'-- vendor
 |-- assets
 '-- stylesheets
 '-- plugins
Holds all the code that's specific to this particular application.
Contains subdirectories for images, stylesheets, and JavaScript files.
Holds controllers that should be named like weblogs_controller.rb for
automated URL mapping. All controllers should descend from
ApplicationController which itself descends from ActionController::Base.
Holds models that should be named like post.rb. Models descend from
ActiveRecord::Base by default.
Holds the template files for the view that should be named like
eRuby syntax by default.
Holds view helpers that should be named like weblogs_helper.rb. These are
generated for you automatically when using generators for controllers.
and other dependencies.
sequence of Migrations for your schema.
This directory is where your application documentation will be stored when
generated using rake doc:app
Application specific libraries. Basically, any kind of custom code that
the load path.
The directory available for the web server. Also contains the dispatchers and the
Helper scripts for automation and generation.
External libraries that the application depends on. Also includes the plugins
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text:
Author(s): Curtis B, Kemp P, Harty L, Choi C, Christensen D
Abstract Share this page
Abstract 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-n-propylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-7) has structural and pharmacodynamic similarities to methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). This compound was initially identified from a routine screening procedure in postmortem urine from a 20-year-old male that died in a local emergency room after reportedly insufflating 35 mg. This report describes the development of a quantitative method for 2C-T-7. A number of method parameters were studied including internal standard selection, liquid-liquid extraction scheme, and drug stability in preserved refrigerated blood. The adopted method for blood and urine involves the addition of trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA) as internal standard, alkalinization with ammonium hydroxide, and liquid-liquid extraction with n-chlorobutane. To facilitate recovery from liver, a 1:4 aqueous homogenate was pretreated with dilute perchloric acid, centrifuged, and the supernatant was extracted as previously described. In each case, 0.1\% hydrochloric acid in methanol was added during the final concentration step to prevent loss of drug caused by evaporation. Samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection (GC-NPD) and electron ionization GC-mass spectrometry (MS) utilizing selected ion monitoring. For the GC-MS analysis, the characteristic ions monitored for 2C-T-7 were m/z 226, 255, and 183 and for TMA, m/z 182. The limits of detection and quantitation in blood were 6.0 and 15.6 ng/mL, respectively, by both GC-NPD and GC-MS. The results from the postmortem case were as follows: heart blood, 57 ng/mL; femoral blood, 100 ng/mL; urine, 1120 ng/mL; and liver, 854 ng/g.
This article was published in J Anal Toxicol
and referenced in Journal of Clinical Toxicology


Using I2C Serial Bus to Connect Raspberry Pi to Arduino
Using I2C Serial Bus to Connect Raspberry Pi to Arduino
At some point, I'll be looking to extend my Raspberry Pi robot, and one of the ways to do that is to use I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) serial devices. So, in this feature, I look at how to access an Arduino board from the Raspberry Pi using this serial bus. I also include both Raspberry Pi and Arduino code to demonstrate the use of the serial interface.
I think it's true that the Arduino boards are a much more reliable platform than the Raspberry Pi when comes to timing critical functions. And this is due to the Arduino having onboard peripherals such as Timers, ADC and many more built-in modules. Also, the Arduino microcontroller executes program functions in real-time as opposed to an operating system queueing tasks for execution.
Using the included example code, I was able to test the performance of both the Raspberry Pi B3 and the Raspberry Pi Zero. However, the example code is still a work in progress, and some tuning is still necessary for the final I2C serial application.
On initial testing, the Raspberry Pi B3 outperforms the Pi Zero by more than a hundred times. And this is measured by the number of failed read methods within the stream. So, the more read methods I perform per second; the more I2C bus errors I get.
Also, while mostly affecting the Pi zero, execution of another process can interrupt the I2C stream and cause increased errors. However, you can use exception handling in the code to prevent your program from crashing. You may need to perform retries until the serial interface returns to normal operation.
Setup and I2C Test Code
Arduino and Raspberry Pi I2C Test Circuit
Arduino and Raspberry Pi Test Circuit
The Raspberry Pi is going to need some initial configuration to run the example code. Also, to support the SMBus2 Python library, we need to install some dependencies.
Firstly, we configure the Rasberry Pi to enable the I2C interface. So, open a Terminal session on the Raspberry Pi to execute the following command: sudo raspi-config. The Raspberry Pi Configuration Tool will now open to allow you to select interface options. Then on the next screen, choose I2C to enable the interface.
Raspberry Pi Software Configuration Tool
Raspberry Pi Software Configuration Tool
Secondly, we now install the dependencies required by the SMBus2 library. It appears, at least on my Raspberry Pi setup, I only need to install one package. Therefore, execute the following in the Pi Terminal:
sudo apt-get install i2c-tools
Lastly, we install SMBus2, which is a drop-in replacement for smbus-cffi/smbus-python in pure Python. Enter the following command in the Terminal:
# Either for Python 2.7
pip install smbus2
# Or, for Python 3
pip3 install smbus2
Test Code For I2C
Arduino and Raspberry Pi I2C Connection
Arduino and Raspberry Pi I2C Connection
The Circuit
To run the example code, you will need to connect the I2C interface between the Raspberry Pi and Arduino. The Raspberry Pi will have the USB power, while the Arduino has power from the computer USB serial connection. The Arduino is a 3.3v Pro Mini compatible running at 8MHz. And due to the separate power supplies, we need to connect the grounds between the Arduino and Raspberry Pi.
However, this circuit will not be compatible with 5v Arduino board versions. While it is possible to disable the Arduino pull-up resistors, a 5v spike on the I2C is still possible during the pull-up transition.
So, to check the correct installation of the software packages, run the following command at the Terminal Prompt. However, you will need the example code uploaded and running on the Arduino. This example code will set the slave address of the Arduino board, and hopefully, this test will detect that address.
sudo i2cdetect -y 1
You should get an output similar to the following:
i2cdetect Serial Bus Output
i2cdetect Serial Bus Output
The Demo Program
The Raspberry Pi operates as the master while the Arduino is the slave device. The process of the program is as below:
The Raspberry Pi uses the SMBus2 read method to get a counter value from the Arduino device. Additionally, after each successful read, the counter on the Arduino is incremented. When the counter reaches 255, the counter is then reset to Zero.
The Raspberry Pi sends an integer called an offset. This offset then allows the Arduino to run an associated function to generate a return value. So, the return value is the counter value and is returned with the offset value. Then, the Raspberry Pi prints both the offset value and the counter value in the Terminal.
The Raspberry Pi I2C Demo Python Code
Copy this program to the Raspberry Pi and run it in the Terminal: python3
Adjust the sleep time in the Python code in the case of getting too many serial bus errors.
#!/usr/bin/env python
from time import sleep
from smbus2 import SMBusWrapper
address = 0x08
# Give the I2C device time to settle
while 1:
 with SMBusWrapper(1) as bus:
 data = bus.read_i2c_block_data(address, 99, 2)
 print('Offset {}, data {}'.format(data[0], data[1]))
 print(' Oops! Error')
 # Decreasing delay may create more transmission errors.
The Arduino I2C Demo Code
Using the Arduino IDE, upload the code to the Arduino device.
// i2c_slave_test.ino
_TAG_
_TAG_ SLAVE_ADDRESS 0x08
// 10 byte data buffer
int receiveBuffer[9];
uint8_t keepCounted = 0;
// Read data in to buffer, offset in first element.
void receiveData(int byteCount){
 int counter = 0;
 while(Wire.available()) {
 receiveBuffer[counter] =;
 //Serial.print("Got data: ");
 counter ++;
// Use the offset value to select a function
void sendData(){
 if (receiveBuffer[0] == 99) {
 } else{
 Serial.println("No function for this address");
// Write data
void writeData(char newData) {
 char data[] = {receiveBuffer[0], newData};
 int dataSize = sizeof(data);
 Wire.write(data, dataSize);
// Counter function
int keepCount() {
 keepCounted ++;
 if (keepCounted > 255) {
 keepCounted = 0;
 return 0;
 } else {
 return keepCounted;
void setup(){
 Serial.begin(9600); // start serial for output
 Serial.println("I2C Ready!");
void loop(){
And Finally
So, this is a work in progress and I expect to try other methods from the SMBus2 library also.
Related Articles
Pi Wars 2018 Raspberry Pi Headless Install
Raspberry Pi Headless Install Without A Display Guide – Link.
Beginners Guide to Raspberry Pi Configuration
Beginners Guide to Raspberry Pi Configuration – Link.
Buying Featured Items
The purchase price is going to vary greatly depending on how quickly you want the items. Therefore shop around checking out Amazon, Ebay and local electronic stores.
UK Searches:
UK Amazon:
 - Arduino Pro Mini ATMEGA328P – Search
 - Raspberry Pi – Search
 - MicroSD Card – Search
 - Raspberry Pi Compatible Wi-Fi Dongle – Search
US Searches:
US Amazon:
 - Arduino Pro Mini ATMEGA328P – Search
 - Raspberry Pi – Search
 - MicroSD Card – Search
 - Raspberry Pi Compatible Wi-Fi Dongle – Search
On Closing
I hope you find this article useful – Using I2C Serial Bus to Connect Raspberry Pi to Arduino, please like and share.


text:
Mortensen, Niels Asher and Jauho, Antti-Pekka and Flensberg, Karsten and Schomerus, Henning (1999) Conductance enhancement in quantum-point-contact semiconductor-superconductor devices. Physical Review B, 60. p. 13762. ISSN 1550-235X
We present numerical calculations of the conductance of an interface between a phase-coherent two-dimensional electron gas and a superconductor with a quantum point contact in the normal region. Using a scattering matrix approach we reconsider the geometry of De Raedt, Michielsen, and Klapwijk [Phys. Rev. B 50, 631 (1994)] which was studied within the time-dependent Bogoliubovâ��de Gennes formalism. We find that the factor-of-2 enhancement of the conductance GNS compared to the normal state conductance GN for ideal interfaces may be suppressed for interfaces with a quantum point contact with only a few propagating modes. The suppression is found to depend strongly on the position of the Fermi level. We also study the suppression due to a barrier at the interface and find an anomalous behavior caused by quasiparticle interference. Finally, we consider the limit of sequential tunneling and find a suppression of the factor-of-2 enhancement which may explain the absence of conductance enhancement in experiments on metal-superconductor structures.
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By Tracey Bryant Office of Communications and Marketing
Salt. It's toxic to most plants. So as sea water washes onto farmland during coastal storms or turns irrigation water brackish, how will farmers fare? Traditional crops like corn and soybeans have little tolerance for salt water; they simply wither and die.
Jack Gallagher and Denise Seliskar, marine botanists in UD's College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, are experts on halophytes, plants that grow in wet, salty conditions. In the Halophyte Solutions Laboratory at the Hugh R. Sharp Campus in Lewes, and in nearby test plots outside, the researchers are working to develop seashore mallow, a native marsh plant known scientifically as Kosteletzkya pentacarpos, into a new salt-tolerant crop.
When it blooms in August and September, seashore mallow is easy to spot in Mid-Atlantic marshes — just look for the two-inch, pink, hibiscus-like flowers.
Yet seashore mallow is not only attractive, it also provides valuable products and services, the UD researchers have discovered, from biofuel and animal food to a vegetative buffer for land that otherwise would be left barren and eventually attract invasive plants.
"Seashore mallow produces seeds that are 18 percent oil by weight — oil that can be used to make biodiesel fuel," Gallagher says. "Once the oil is extracted from the seeds, about 32 percent of what is left is protein that can be used in animal feed."
The "straw" or stem of seashore mallow can be used as a feedstock for producing fiber products, such as oil-absorbent pellets, small mammal bedding, a hydroseeding medium for planting grass on road banks and even an organic kitty litter.
Seashore mallow offers a variety of other pluses to farmers facing the challenge of keeping bayside farmland productive in the face of sea level rise. As a perennial, seashore mallow is more sustainable than traditional oil seed crops because it does not need to be planted every year. And the plant's substantial root system serves as a "carbon sink" in the soil, meaning it offsets the additions the oil releases into the atmosphere when used for fuel.
Gallagher points out other advantages: as a marsh plant, seashore mallow is naturally flood-tolerant, and its deep root system makes it drought tolerant. Also, traditional farm machinery can be used to plant and harvest it.
According to Gallagher, seashore mallow can be a big aid to coastal farms.
"Planting seashore mallow will enable farmland to remain agriculturally and economically viable for a longer period than if no such halophytic crop is planted while maintaining a nutrient-absorbing buffer between farmland and the marsh fringing the bay," he says.
The hunt for "Pink August"
The UD team recently undertook a major reconnaissance mission along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts to find and collect seashore mallow for a selection and breeding program. Although easy to spot when in bloom, the plant is difficult to identify at other times because it's not a dominant plant in most marshes.
To increase their chances of finding the plant, the researchers visited numerous herbaria, some with specimens reaching back to the 1800s, to learn where their seashore mallow had been collected. Then a volunteer, Dave Lewis, used Google Earth to locate the sites on a map. When the scientists got to the locations and actually found plants, they used GPS to pinpoint the specific collection sites.
They collected both whole plants and seeds, storing them in a plastic box cooled with ice, until they returned to the Lewes campus. There, biologist Donna Hamilton continues to care for the plants in the greenhouse. Offspring of these plants are now growing in field plots irrigated with fresh and salt water.
Even though Gallagher officially retired last year, the professor emeritus comes into the laboratory every day just as he always has, eager to continue the research. The team is now studying the seashore mallow specimens and making crosses among them to develop a superior plant line with all the characteristics desired for a salt-tolerant biofuel, feed and fiber crop.
Gallagher says, "I view seashore mallow as the 'pig of the plant world', having everything but the squeal useful."
Petal Power
There's often a correlation between the number of flower petals and the number of seeds a plant yields. Although Linnaeus gave seashore mallow its species name (pentacarpos) for five, the UD team has found specimens with six petals, which generally yield six seeds. This trait is actively being selected in UD plant breeding programs.
In the pink
The bright pink, two-inch flowers of seashore mallow (Kosteletzkya pentacarpos) resemble those of a hibiscus. The blooms are a favorite of bees and hummingbirds.


text:
Name: Bryan Gardiner
Can you please tell me how many miles per day spawning salmon
travels from the ocean to its destination? I would like to
know how long it takes the salmon to get to the Adams river from the
The actual distance traveled per day by salmon varies from
species to species, but in several samples of Chinook, the
results were as follows:
(the Chinook were going up the Yukon River, then into different
creeks to spawn)
Group 1 - 52 miles/day
Group 2 - 60 miles/day
Group 3 - 47 miles/day
Group 4 - 50 miles/day
All of the numbers from this study are averages.
I hope this helps you find the answer you're looking for!
Thanks for using NEWTON!
Tom F Ihde
Click here to return to the Biology Archives
Update: June 2012


Wheat grain is a
Options :
 1. fruit
 2. seed
 3. embryo
 4. glume
Answer and Explanation :-
Answer: Option 2
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-Tom Spanbauer In the City of Shy Hunters


Anders Lim
Faint Clouds - Poem by Anders Lim
Connecting with the Earth once more
I comprehend the depths of its core
The gap of failure and success
As thin as paper, uncompressed
Greenest grass and flowery hills
Why do breezes feel like chills
Tropical suns and oceans wide
Why does sorrow hit on every tide
If every cloud has a silver lining
What would the faintest clouds
Reveal in his timing?
Listen to this poem:
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Poem Submitted: Thursday, May 1, 2008
[Hata Bildir]


Long Yang NGO is committed to the preservation and revival of an original Buddhist practice path from the Himalayas. Therefore, we create places and possibilities to make the spiritual and medical knowledge of Buddhist traditions from the Himalayas accessible to people from all over the world. The main focus of our work is the establishment of Akasha Academy Munich and Nepal according to the vision of Tulku Khyungdor Rinpoche. At the same time we engage in various social and ecological projects supporting sustainable development in the region.
Beyond Long Yang e.V.


text:
|Origin:||Perhaps from Old English dragan 'to pull'|
1 [intransitive and transitive]TTWTEC
to remove mud or sand from the bottom of a river, harbour etc, or to search for something by doing this:
They dredged for oysters.
2 [transitive + with]DF
to cover food lightly with flour, sugar etc
dredge something ↔ upphrasal verb
to start talking again about something that happened a long time ago, especially something unpleasant:
Newsweek magazine dredged up some remarks which he made last year.
to manage to remember something, or to feel or express an emotion, with difficulty:
Robertson tried to dredge up an image of her in his mind.
From somewhere she dredged up a brilliant smile.
to pull something up from the bottom of a river, lake etc


text:
It's the end of term and you have to study for your art history exam…
Make like Dewey the Library Cat and hit the books…
The classic art history test and exam format is the dreaded two-slide comparison. Your professor is asking you a leading question about two works in order to get you to prove that you paid attention in class. The following are slide exam study tips that I wrote upon the request of my students of Italian Renaissance art, but these concepts can apply to any period. Please note that each instructor has different exam rules and advice, so these are guidelines only.
How to study?
- Start early and review often.
- Make flashcards with artist, title, date, and relevant facts/points. What was said about the work in class may be relevant to developing your conclusion. If you do this, you'll come up with a better conclusion than if you just base your statement on visual elements.
- Think about which images will show up as comparisons (see below).
- Try to practise these comparisons by thinking about similarities and differences between the works.
- If you have trouble memorizing dates, think about works in relation to each other, and/or in relation to a few "key" dates. If you're familiar with style, you can often deduce date based on this information. Make a timeline.
- Find out what your professor accepts in terms of date range. In my classes, for most questions, rounding date to the DECADE is acceptable.
What two images make a good comparison?
- Two works of the same subject so you can see subject matter treated differently in two artists or two media.
- By the same artist at different points in his career.
- Similar composition but different subject.
- Works by artists who are closely related for one reason or another (for example, teacher/student).
- Works with something in common like perspective or naturalism or theory or???
- Two works that permit you to learn something about one or both of them — for example the image that is the source of another that might determine date or artistic influence.
How to develop a conclusion
Larger conclusions are better than smaller conclusions. These are some examples of what I mean:
- What these 2 works tell you about the period of art history studied.
- What they tell you about one artist's oeuvre, like changes within his career in terms of style, or x is earlier than y. NB: if you conclude this, your dates in the slide ID MUST correspond to your conclusion!!
- Relationships between 2 artists on a larger scale (x was influenced by y)
- Regional or time differences.
- Sometimes the conclusion might be about a specific piece of information, like x is the source of y (and hence is the earlier work).
- There are many more types of answers – think for yourself and try to relate the comparison to the course as a whole.


text:
Bunting, banners and threats for Winegrower's Revolt anniversary
- Monday 11 June 2007
This September, during the traditional European Culture Day that takes place on September 19-20, the Languedoc-Roussillon region has taken the Winegrower's Revolt as its theme.
Special events will take place in the village of Marseillan, where the leader of the uprising lived and worked, while commemorative objects, from banners to statues, will be placed in villages around the region.
Local museums and wine properties will have exhibitions on related topics such as how to preserve the viticultural landscape of the Languedoc against increasingly industrialised winemaking practises.
June 2007 is the 100th anniversary of the uprising – the first time that southern French winemakers voiced their frustration through angry demonstrations that flooded over into violence.
Cheap wine from Algeria was flooding the Midi, and winemakers were going bankrupt en masse. Marcellin Albert, an innkeeper and winemaker from Marseillan, organised The Winegrowers' Revolt, with huge demonstrations in Montpellier, Narbonne and Béziers involving up to 800,000 demonstrators that led to six deaths.
Remy Pech, a local historian who has been researching the revolt, has commented, 'It is important to remember an event that shaped not just the region but the entire country.'
At the same time the protest group CRAV (Comité Regional d'Action Viticole) – which over the past few years has been responsible for bombings, attempted sabotage on TGV tracks and other direct action – appeared recently on local TV with the exhortation, 'Wine producers, we appeal to you to revolt. Show yourselves to be the worthy successors of the rebels of 1907, when people died so that future generations might earn their living from the land.'
Other events to remember the centenary have been going on throughout the year in Languedoc-Roussillon.
In April, a Vignerons d'Europe conference was held in Montpellier in conjunction with Slow Food France. Over 1,000 winemakers from around Europe met at the conference, and the centenary was used as a basis for discussing the current wine crisis.


text:
What is an ISBN?
An ISBN (International Standard Book Number) | Why is the ISBN important? | What does the publisher have to consider? | ISBN numbers are assigned to | ISBN numbers are not assigned to | What is the difference between ISBN, ISMN and ISSN numbers? | Location of the ISBN number in the book | ISBN and EAN code | Applying for ISBN in Estonia
An ISBN (International Standard Book Number) is a unique combination of 13 digits. The ISBN assigned to a publication cannot be changed, replaced or re-used. The ISBN consists of 13 digits: the 3-digit prefix 978, which identifies book production, is followed by the 9-digit core number and finally the check digit, a single Arabic numeral that validates the whole number combination.
The group identifiers 9949-, 9985- are used in Estonia. The use of ISBNs is regulated by Estonian Standard EVS-ISO 2108:2006 Information and Documentation: International Standard Book Number (ISBN).
An eye-readable EAN book number below the barcode is identical to a 13-digit ISBN (printed with no hyphens). For books issued after 1 January 2007, an eye-readable 13-digit ISBN, each part of which being correctly separated with hyphens, has to be printed above the back cover barcode.
Group identifier (country and language identifier);
A more detailed overview of the changes to the ISBN numbering system is available at Frequently Asked Questions about changes to the ISBN.
- The ISBN number enables quick and precise identification of a publication,
- facilitates ordering and selling books, and
- assists in accounting.
The Estonian ISBN Agency distributes the contact data of Estonian publishers who have joined the ISBN system for the address book "Publishers' International ISBN Directory" (PIID) (also available on CD-ROM) published by the International ISBN Agency in in London.
In the ISBN system all legal persons and individuals are considered publishers if they are engaged in issuing books irrespective of whether the publications are sold or distributed free of charge. The publishers may be publishing houses, institutions of higher education, associations, societies, municipalities, organisations etc.
Acquiring an ISBN number for a publication is the duty of the publisher, as information about the country and the publisher is encoded in the ISBN number. The publisher is responsible for the correctness of the ISBN. The publisher identifier has to correspond with the name of the publisher printed on the title page.
- serials with a special title
- videos and films for educational purposes
- kits containing a book and an electronic/audiovisual item
- computer software for educational purposes only
- maps, atlases
- Braille books
- micropublications (microfilms and microcards)
- electronic items (diskettes, CD-ROMs, web publications)
- newspapers and periodical publications (ISSN), except for serials with a special title, which get both standard numbers
- printed music (ISMN)commercial material (sale catalogues, price lists, product presentations, folders, instructions, issuing prospectuses etc.)
- wallpapers, posters, postcards, news publications, and leaflets
- theatre, concert and other show programmes
- lists of showpieces without extra text
- college and higher school curricula and plans
- manuscripts of lectures and educational material
- dissertations and their reviews
- calendars, diaries
- forms, questionnaires and colouring books
- normative documents (standards, patents) issued as a separate publication
- sound recordings.
The ISBN is an identification number for books and the ISSN is a code for periodical publications. The ISBN is assigned to all books in one or several volumes or to non-book publications, which are not issued as continuous serials.
Serial publications and book series with special titles are assigned both standard numbers. Every part of a serial publication obtains a new ISBN number; the ISSN number remains the same until changes in the title of the publication are made.
The ISMN is an international music standard number.
The ISBN appears in the lower left side corner of the verso of the title page (at least in 9 pt type), and in the lower section of the outside back cover. The ISBN on the trade bar code must be eye-readable. The ISBN number for audiovisual and electronic items is printed on both the information carrier and its envelope. Each appendix of the book must have its own ISBN. If a book has two or more ISBN numbers, they must be printed all on the verso of the title page. In the case of a multivolume work, the ISBN of the whole work is printed on the verso of the title page; and the ISBN of the particular volume appears below. On the back cover of the book only the ISBN of the given volume is printed.
ISBN and EAN code
At the publisher's request the ISBN Agency will send by email together with an ISBN also an EAN, or an article barcode file.
Since 1992, the Estonian ISBN Agency at the National Library of Estonia is the only institution in Estonia, which assigns publisher prefixes to publishers. The service is free of charge.
The Estonian ISBN Agency
The National Library of Estonia
Tõnismägi 2, Tallinn 15189
Phone: _PHONE_, Fax: _PHONE_
E-mail: isbn at nlib dot ee


text:
Preoperative cognitive testing and depression screening could help healthcare professionals anticipate which older patients are at risk for postoperative delirium, new research suggests. Postoperative delirium is associated with more complications, increased mortality, and prolonged hospital stays.
In the study, 52 older adults ages 51 to 82 completed baseline screening before undergoing major noncardiac surgery requiring general anesthesia. Researchers evaluated them using the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form, the Trail Making Test (a measure of executive skill), and the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination-revised (a measure of general cognition). These tests can be administered by nurses before surgery in about 15 minutes.
After surgery, seven patients (13%) developed delirium. Researchers found that depression and performance of an executive task measuring sequencing and cognitive flexibility were independent predictors of postoperative delirium. They hope that their findings lead to more investigation into ways to identify susceptible patients and interventions that would reduce their risk; for example, treating depression before elective surgery.
The researchers presented their findings at an annual meeting of the American Society of Anesthesiologists in Orlando, Fla., in October.


Baltic Exchange
Dictionary Says
Definition of 'Baltic Exchange'
An exchange that handles the trading and settlement of both physical contracts and derivatives relating to shipping and maritime transportation. The Baltic Exchange provides daily prices for freight, and tracks shipping costs through several indexes. Traders use these indexes to settle forward freight agreements (FFAs), which are freight futures contracts.
Investopedia Says
Investopedia explains 'Baltic Exchange'
The Baltic Exchange was founded in 1744 in London. It publishes the Baltic Dry Index (BDI), which provides pricing information on shipping various cargo types along different routes. The index is used by economists and investors to determine the demand for shipping versus the total shipping capacity.
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Psychophysiological interactions (PPIs) analysis is a method for investigating task-specific changes in the relationship between activity in different brain areas, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Specifically, PPI analyses identify voxels in which activity is more related to activity in a seed region of interest (seed ROI) in a given psychological context, such as during attention or in the presence of emotive stimuli. In this tutorial, we aim to give a simple conceptual explanation of how PPI analysis works, in order to assist readers in planning and interpreting their own PPI experiments.
Original publication
Journal article
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci
Publication Date
604 - 609
Brain, Brain Mapping, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neural Pathways, Oxygen, Psychophysiology, Task Performance and Analysis


Triggering Term
DEFINITION of 'Triggering Term'
A word or phrase that when used in advertising literature requires the presentation of the terms of a credit agreement so that individuals can compare credit offers on a fair and equal basis.
Open-end and closed-end credit each have a set of triggering terms associated with them; if a single one is used in advertising material, then the full set of credit terms must also be displayed so as not to confuse or deceive consumers.
Triggering terms are set and monitored by the Federal Trade Commission, in the United States.
BREAKING DOWN 'Triggering Term'
Credit literature and advertising must abide by the Truth In Lending Act passed in 1969, which requires that lenders disclose key terms of an agreement, such as how finance charges are computed, when a charge can be imposed and charges computed as an annual percentage rate.
Triggering terms help clarify the conditions under which a consumer is borrowing money. It is important to read carefully all of the disclosures to get a true picture of the cost of borrowing money. Being oblivious to the terms of a loan and the charges that can be incurred can cause a consumer to become buried in debt.
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You're Awarded the Federal Grant, Now What?
Congratulations! You've gotten the federal grant you worked so hard to apply for. What are the next steps you should take to ensure you are successful in carrying out the grant requirements? Will your organization have a positive experience as a federal grantee?
After you have received the confirmation letter from the federal agency who awarded you the grant, these are some steps to take to assure your organization gets off to a good start:
 1. Publicize it - The federal government likes good publicity. The first ones you will want to tell include your staff and Board of Directors. It can be an exciting morale booster for an agency when they receive federal funding. Be sure you celebrate the federal award in noticeable ways within your agency, recognizing those who worked so hard to write the successful grant. A press release to your local newspaper can magnify your image within the community, as the general public often equates federal funding with strength and stability.
 2. Send a thank you letter - Not enough grantees remember to thank the funder for granting them a monetary award. Nonprofit agencies spend so much time and energy looking for grants, researching the facts, writing the grant and waiting for the decision, when a positive decision is finally received they forget to say a simple thank you. The bottom line is the federal bureaucrats who granted you the award love to be thanked and want to feel a connection with the people you serve. The funding agency will remember you if you send them a unique thank you - original artwork by children that your agency serves, or perhaps a thank you card signed by the residents in your women's shelter. It could make a difference the next time you apply for a grant with them.
 3. Organize yourself - When you receive the grant award letter, it will give you a date on which the federal funding period will begin. This date is usually 30 days or more. Use this interim period to organize yourself.
 - Set aside a folder, binder or desk drawer specifically for paperwork related to this grant. You will be receiving more paperwork than you anticipated during the life of the grant; have a place set aside where you can put it so it does not get mixed up with your other paperwork. If you get a phone call from the grants officer in charge of your grant, you want to be able to impress him and put your hands on relevant documents right away.
 - Have a meeting with your assistant or management team and go over the grant application you submitted, what you said you would do, and what needs to be done when you receive the money. Don't wait until you receive the money to begin thinking about it. If there are staff positions to be added, begin the recruitment process for them now. Do as much preliminary work ahead of time as you can. Delegate responsibilities and get the ball rolling.
 - Ensure you have a recordkeeping system in place to track the numbers you are serving with the federal grant. This is important as the federal agency will want to know how many new lives have been improved with the money they are giving you. Set up a system to count the new people you are serving as a result of the grant money awarded to your organization.
© 2015 Federal Grants is not endorsed by, or affiliated with, any government agency. Copyright ©2015


text:
Design of the SuperElastixFilter¶
The SuperElastixFilter is designed to be part of an itk pipeline such that it can connect to other itk filters and supports the itk update mechanism. All input and output data required by the (configured) algorithm are exposed by the SuperElastixFilter. In this philosophy the SuperElastixFilter does/should not read or write data (images, meshes, etc) from disk directly. Therefor, in the commandline tool, which uses the SuperElastixFilter, readers and writers reside outside the SuperElastixFilter. However, unlike common itk filters, the inputs and outputs of the SuperElastixFilter are typically unknown at compile time, because they depend on the Blueprint configuration describing the actual algorithm to execute. This complicates the setup of a pipeline, since up and downstream itk filters are typically templated over their datatypes. To stay as close as possible to the itk philosophy, the SuperElastixFilter supports 2 modes of operation:
- Application embedding: at compile-time the inputs and outputs are known. That is, the application developer makes sure that any Blueprints to be used, will correspond to the (compile-time defined) number and types of inputs and outputs by known identifier names (defined by the Sink and Source Components). In this mode, the order in which the inputs and outputs are connected to other filters, and the Blueprint (Object) is set, is arbitrary. However, to connect the output of the SuperElastixFilter a templated version of GetOutput must be used: ImageFileReader::Pointer my_writer->SetInput(selxFilter->GetOutput(identifier));
- Commandline tool: at compile time the inputs and outputs are unknown. The class implementing the commandline interface is not aware of the datatypes used by all components. (In this way, adding custom components with new types does not affect the source code of the commandline interface). The commandline interface is invoked by pairs of filenames and identifier names. The identifiers refer to Sink or Source Components as defined via the Blueprint that, in turn, define the data types. In this mode, the commandline interface cannot instantiate the readers or writers because of their templated types. Instead, the SuperElastixFilter is requested to return appropriate readers and writers corresponding to the identifier names. SuperElastix will return respectively an AnyReader or AnyWriter, which are non-templated Base Classes that, if updated, call the appropriate reader of writer (by use of polymorphism). In this mode, it is required to set the Blueprint prior to request and connect readers or writers.
The following sequence diagrams show the order of function calls of each mode of operation.
Note that these are simplified diagrams and may not reflect all details and naming as found in the source code.


text:
var test:*; test = sMC // Some movieClip exported for ActionScript var f = new test;
Sorry if the question's a bit lame, but I begin to wonder, what does this asterisk, and the snippet mean?
The asterisk means the variable type is undefined, or a wildcard.
Meaning you can define
Answering your original question and your question asked in a comment:
An asterisk is a wildcard which means the variable will accept any type of info. Example:
All of the above will work.
Variables should be typed as strictly as possible; by this I mean that when you want to assign a MovieClip to a variable, your variable should be typed as a MovieClip. Like so:
This works for anything. If you create your own class, then use that as your type for a variable that holds your class.
An error will be thrown if you try and assign an unrelated type to a variable, like so:
But as long as your variable type is somewhere along the inheritance chain of what you're assigning to it, then it will work.
This can be handy if you want to loop through an array containing an assortment of your own classes that extend MovieClip.
Overall the wildcard type is not a recommendation. At worst use
Hope this all makes sense.