Last modified 3 years ago Last modified on 04/16/12 18:23:58
Troubleshooting Sound Problems -
Troubleshooting problems in the audio quality is one of the most difficult task to do with PJMEDIA, because not only it is system/usage specific but also sometimes it is quite hard to describe what the problem is. This page will try to provide a step-by-step troubleshooting guide to assist solving such problems.
Understanding Media Flow
If you want to understand how audio is flowing among various PJMEDIA components, the Understanding Media Flow page provides a detailed explanation about this.
Types of Problems
Please identify the problem with audio from the following list. If the problem is not listed below, it would be great to contact the mailing list so that I can add it here:
 1. No audio is heard on local speaker during the call
 2. No Audio is heard by remote party
 3. Audio breakups
 4. Audio drop-outs or "stutters"
 5. Loud static noise
 6. Soft/quiet noise
 7. Audio stutters when streaming tone to X-Lite/SJPhone
 8. High jitter value observed by remote party
How to Report Audio Problems
If the problem is not listed above, or a solution can't be found, then the next step is to try to contact the mailing list to see if members can provide some help to diagnose/solve the problems. When reporting the problem, it's always good to follow this guideline:
 - Try to describe the problem in detail (is it noise, stutters, etc). Be verbose, because certainly it doesn't help at all to say that "the audio is bad" without describing what it means.
 - Let others know what checklists have been done. Try to narrow down the problem. If there are some log output (such as output of pjsua's dq command or sndtest output or just pjsua's log file) then attach these outpus to your post. It's always better to have more data rather than less data.
 - It will be very useful to have a sample recording of the problem, if it is possible. We know that it's very hard to describe what something sounds like, so with a recording others can hear themselves what exactly the problem is. Use the How to Record Audio with pjsua page for some instructions. Note that the mailing list does not allow message larger than 100 KB so probably you'd need to put the sample recording somewhere and provide the link to your post.


Where Is Onion Skin In Photoshop?
What keyboard key will play the timeline?
What the Keyboard Shortcuts DoSpacebar: This key controls both playing and stopping video in the timeline.
Left & Right Arrows: Pressing either one of these keys will allow you to progress or regress through the timeline, frame by frame.More items…•.
What are onion skins?
How do you go to the next frame in Photoshop?
Left Arrow or Page Up moves to the previous frame, Right Arrow or Page Down moves to the next frame. Add the Shift key to move 10 frames at a time. Shift + Up Arrow moves back in time 1 second, Shift + Down Arrow moves forward 1 second in time.
What is onion skin in animation?
How do you animate in Photoshop 2020?
How to make an animated GIF in PhotoshopStep 1: Set up the dimensions and resolution of your Photoshop document. … Step 2: Import your image files into Photoshop. … Step 3: Open the timeline window. … Step 4: Convert your layers into frames. … Step 5: Duplicate frames to create your animation. … Step 6: Set the delay time of each frame.More items…
How do you make a new frame in Photoshop?
What is onion skin called?
How does Onion change skin color?
In the Drawing tab, in the Onion Skin section, click on the colour swatch of the onion skin display you want to change. In the Colour Picker window, select the colour. 6. Click OK to confirm the colour.
What is a keyframe in animation?
A key frame (or keyframe) in animation and filmmaking is a drawing or shot that defines the starting and ending points of any smooth transition. These are called frames because their position in time is measured in frames on a strip of film or on a digital video editing timeline.
What is tweening in animation?
Inbetweening or tweening is a key process in all types of animation, including computer animation. It is the process of generating intermediate frames between two images, called key frames, to give the appearance that the first image evolves smoothly into the second image.
Is there onion skin in Photoshop?
Paint or add content to the layer. (Optional) In the Timeline panel, choose Enable Onion Skins from the panel menu to enable the onion skin mode. … You can add a blank video frame, duplicate a frame, or delete a frame from the blank video layer by choosing Layer > Video Layers and then choosing the appropriate command.
How do you turn onion skin on?
The onion skin tool lets you preview the previous and next drawings. There is a few ways you can turn the onion skin on. From the top menu, select View > Onion Skin > Show Onion Skin. You can also go to the Timeline View, click on the Onion Skin button next to the layer.
Can I animate with Photoshop?
In Photoshop, you use the Timeline panel to create animation frames. Each frame represents a configuration of layers. … You can also create animations using a timeline and keyframes. See Creating timeline animations.


text:
Rollingword: a website about words.
For more words, see the search page.
Tendency [to a particular kind of behavior.
英语解释:a natural tendency to behave in a particular way
常见翻译:倾向; 癖好; 脾性
A person's propensity to joke is their natural tendency to joke, that is, they have the behavior of joking. A person has a propensity to lie if they have the natural tendency to lie with or without good reasons. If a person makes much of very little things, they have the propensity to exaggerate.
- The teacher noticed in the boy a propensity to bully others. Not a day passed without his bullying his class mates especially the milder pupils of the class.
- His propensity to jokes was so strong that even in the most serious situation he would joke and that irritated others.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Greenspan's Anguish (Thoreau As Economic Prophet and Other Essays)
Can the environment and the economy survive and thrive in harmony?
Is it possible for the economy and the environment to survive and thrive in harmony?
"Yes," says Professor James Eggert in his new book, "Greenspan's Anguish (Thoreau as Economic Prophet and Other Essays)" (copyright 2013; Green Dragon Books).
"Greenspan's Anguish" contains 19 essays that explore the relationship between the economy and the environment, sustainability, and our relationship to the universe.
In addition to "Meadowlark Economics," which examines the value of the meadowlark, both as a symbol for what has gone wrong with our economy and as a symbol of what is essential to our existence, the book includes "Thoreau as Economic Prophet," "Darwin's Finches and Ford's Mustangs," "Then the Sun Came Up," "Craftsmanship and Salvation," and "The Coming Repair Age."
James Eggert is a writer and emeritus faculty member of the University of Wisconsin — Stout where he taught undergraduate students for 33 years. He also is the author of "What is Economics (fourth edition)," "Invitation to Economics," "Low-Cost Earth Shelters," "The Wonder of the Tao," and "Meadowlark Economics."
Global warming threatens the extinction of life on Earth. It can no longer be a question of the economy or the environment. We can all have "enough," and we can all do more to help the environment. If we don't do both — we will have neither. Professor Eggert's thought-provoking book is a good starting point.
This book would make a good supplemental text for high school or college classes pertaining to economics, the environment, ecology, sustainability and Henry David Thoreau.
LeAnn R. Ralph is the publicist for Professor Eggert.


text:
Resistant myzus persicae aphid threatens virus yellows control
COLD weather and widespread use of neonicotinoid seed treatments combined to limit virus yellows infection in the sugar beet crop in 2011 to the extent that just 0.5 per cent of the crop was affected.
Concern, however, is increasing over the developing risk of resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides used to control myzus persicae aphids, the virus yellows vector.
Resistance has been identified in France, Italy and Spain, in myzus persicae populations associated mainly with peach and nectarine trees, where topical applications of neonicotinoids are used for aphid control, said Dr Mark Stevens.
"If those aphids start moving north and adapt to colder climes then I worry because there is very little chemistry coming on stream to control them," he said.
Rothamsted Research work had shown these aphids were also carrying MACE and kdr resistance mechanisms, conferring resistance to pirimicarb and pyrethoids. "We have little in the can to actually control them," said Dr Stevens.
"There are no resistant varieties coming on stream in the immediate future and the problem we are faced with is we are not looking at one virus but a complex of up to four different viruses, making it a very difficult target to hit with a resistance gene," he said.
He told sugar beet growers at the conference the situation was 'one we need to keep an eye on'.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


file]
 exit 1
if [ $# -ne 1 ]
 echo "You need to provide the full pathname to ifcfg-eth0 file" >&2
 echo "USAGE: $0 [full pathname to ifcfg-eth0 file]" >&2
 exit 0
 1. We will now use a while loop to read every line in the network configuration file and store into an array as a separate array element. Add the following content to your shell script editing session:
while read line
done < $1
 1. Finally, we will generate a web-page document, use a loop to printout the results of the data (stored in an array) and open the web-page document in the firefox web-browser.
cat > /root/network-info.html <<+
 Network Information
 Network Information for: $1
for((x=0; x${network[$x]}" >> /root/network-info.html
cat >> /root/network-info.html <<+
/bin/firefox /root/network-info.html
 1. Give this shell script execute permissions and run this shell script.
 2. You will need to determine the full pathname of the ifcfg-en0 file in the /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts directory to use as an argument for this shell script.
 3. Run the shell script. What do you notice from the report that the shell script generated?
 4. The the wget command to download another variation of the network-info.bash shell script using the awk command to separate the variables and values into separate columns:
Answer INVESTIGATION 2 observations / questions in your lab log book.
Time for a new backup!
Perform the Following Steps:
 1. Make certain that ALL of your VMs are running.
 2. Switch to your c7host VM.
 3. Change to the /root/bin directory.
 4. Issue the Linux command: wget _URL_
 5. Give the lab6-check.bash file execute permissions (for the file owner).
 7. Arrange proof of the following on the screen:
 centos2 VM:
 - ssh from centos2 to c7host VM.
 c7host machine
 - Output from running the network-info.bash shell script
 - Run the lab6-check.bash script in front of your instructor (must have all OK messages)
 Lab6 log-book filled out.
Practice For Quizzes, Tests, Midterm & Final Exam
 1. What is a port?
 2. What command will set your IP configuration to ?
 3. What is the difference between UDP and TCP?
 4. What port number is used for DHCP servers?
 5. What is the function of the file /etc/hosts ?
 6. What is the purpose of the file /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 ?
 7. What tool is used to show you a list of current TCP connections?


8 Bizarre Chinese to English Translation
Over the years, there are heaps of jokes spreading online regarding some weird Chinese to English translation found in China. Many of them are the result of a literal interpretation, character by character.
Recently, Mella Robinson and Mellissa Stanger from businessinsider.com.au listed "18 Chinese expressions with bizarre literal translations". They believe those peculiar expressions are derived from the fact that the Chinese "characters that make up each word or phrase individually carry different meanings based on the context in which they're used", thus "when translated character by character into English", they could sound bizarre, poetic and, sometimes, hilarious.
Now let's look at the Chinese origins of some of the bizarre or poetic expressions that the article mentioned.
A cheer = add fuel (加油):
Meaning of the expression: It urges someone to exert more energy into his/her performance.
So-so = horse horse tiger tiger (马马虎虎):
Origin of the expression: It first appeared in a classic short story about an ancient artist who added a horse's body behind a tiger's head that eventually cost the life of his son as the young man later identified a tiger as a horse when hunting in the wilderness. Unprofessionalism sometimes could have a deadly consequence.
United States = Beautiful Country (美国):
In the earlier years, when Chinese translated a foreign name, they often tried to pick characters that not only have a similar pronunciation but contain positive connotations, just like when they name babies. So for a Chinese character shown in a translated phrase, it contains very little or no original meaning. Character 美 has been made part of the translated Chinese name of the US only because its pronunciation is close to Me in America. In fact, the UK's Chinese name (英国) can also be read as Heroic Country, France (法国) as Lawful Country and Germany (德国) as Ethical Country, but which does not mean Chinese think the UK is a country full of heroes, France respects law better than any other nations or Germany indeed stands on a moral high ground.
Being cheated on = wear a green head cloth (戴绿头巾):
The expression emerged since the Yuan Dynasty 700 years ago. When the Mongols occupied and ruled China, they got upset over the practice of Chinese brothels because they charged men for sex. In the old Mongol tradition it was perfectly okay for a man to sleep with any woman he wanted for free, thus brothel's existence was seen as a defiance against Mongol custom, so they ordered Chinese men running brothels to identify themselves by wearing a green coloured head cloth as the way to publicly shame them. Since then green head cloth has been used in China to indicate a man with an unfaithful wife.
Sexual harassment = eat tofu (吃豆腐):
Possible origin of the expression: Chinese tofu stores were traditionally run by husband and wife, with the man making tofu in the back of the house (a hard manual labour) and wife selling tofu at shopfront. Tofu is known to contain wonderful skincare benefits, as the women selling tofu consumed the product daily, their skin often looked tender and white, just like tofu, thus the jealous wives of the men who were keen to pay a visit to tofu store would confront the husband by questioning: are we going to eat tofu again today? Meaning: are you going to harass the tofu store lady again?
Computer = electric brain (电脑):
Computer literally means a device for computing, which is what it initially did. In Chinese there is a word just for computing tool: 计算器, meaning a device for calculation. As for computer, since it does more than calculation but acts as extended human brain, therefore it is called electric brain.
Trite language = wind flower snow moon (风花雪月):
Origin of the expression: Wind, flower, snow and moon in China are traditionally associated with four seasons (wind in summer, flowers in spring, snow in winter and moon in autumn). In the classic ages, the ability to composing poem was seen as a basic literature capability of a scholar. For some who lacked talent in creative writing, these four elements would become a constant theme in their verses.
A threat or warning = show you some colour (给你点颜色看看):
Possible origin: When one is bashed and bleeding, the black eye and red blood could become visible.
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Steps to Suffrage: The Famous 5
Steps to Suffrage: The Famous 5 lesson plan
Women's Suffrage: History is often more interesting than fiction. The facts about Canada's Famous 5 certainly are!
 - 1.
 Until quite recently many people did not have the same rights as others. Women, people of color, people who did not own land, and even people native to the land where the government was being established often were not mentioned in constitutions. By studying your country's history and constitution, you can learn more about human rights, which gives us energy to get to where we need to be. The history of women's suffrage in Canada is inspiring.
 - 2.
 Canadian women (who were British subjects) could vote in federal elections, but they were not allowed to be elected to government office until 1929. How could women change this if they were not even considered to be people? Using the Canadian constitution, the very document that disenfranchised them, five women appealed to the Supreme Court for clarification. Students work in collaborative groups to research the "Famous 5." Their struggle for women's rights helped to pave the way for other excluded peoples to gain their right to vote as well.
 - 3.
 Suggest student groups begin by identifing benchmarks. Investigate the history of your country's steps to full suffrage. Make note of the benchmark decisions with Crayola® Erasable Colored Pencils. Then create a pop-out display to show what you've learned.
 - 4.
 In the pop-out display, students should show the steps to suffrage. With Crayola Scissors, make two long, parallel cuts through a folded file folder, one near each end. Fold the long, wide tab that you made backwards to create a crease. Open the file folder and pull the tab through. The crease now folds out toward you. Fold the pop-up piece in accordion style to get the number of steps needed for your staircase.
 - 5.
 Students use Crayola Washable Markers to write the timeline for your steps to suffrage on each stair riser. Include dates and appropriate words and symbols. At the top of the steps, illustrate the nation, people, or organizations represented on your timeline. Visually connect the illustration with the steps.
 - 6.
 With Crayola School Glue, attach craft sticks to the back of your display so it will stand upright. Explain and compare your history of suffrage to other students.
 - Possible classroom resources include: If You Lived When Women Won Their Rights by Anne Kamma; With Courage and Cloth: Winning the Fight for a Woman's Right to Vote by Ann Bausum; Rosa Parks: My Story by Rosa Parks; Women Suffragists by Diane Star Helmer; Created Equal: Women Campaign for the Right to Vote 1840 - 1920 by Ann Rossi
 - Students work in small groups to research biographies of Canada's Famous 5: Emily Murphy, Louise McKinney, Nellie McClung, Henrietta Muir Edwards, and Irene Parlby. Students compose and produce a play describing their experiences as they sought to gain the right to vote. Use recycled materials to create costumes for characters. Present the original play to classmates.
 - In small groups, students investigate civil rights issues in their home country. What has been done about civil rights during the past century? What still needs to be done? What steps would you recommend to government officials in order to ensure civil rights moving forward?


text:
This figure illustrates the sectoral GHG emissions linked to Shelter and Access – actual emission in 2014 and scenario results for 2050.
- The left vertical axis of the Sankey diagram shows emissions linked of functionalities dis-aggregated by categories to provide the functionalities
- The flows represent the emissions connected to these satisfiers,
- Direct emissions
- Indirect emissions along the whole production chain
- Investment related emissions
- The right vertical axis of the Sankey shows UNFCCC Emission Inventory sectors
- One can choose between the two years "2014" and "2050".
- 2014 represents the actual emissions in 2014 linked to the "satisfiers" (see Sommer et al., 2021; WIFO Working Paper 635)
- 2050 shows the change of emission flows in the year 2050 based on the sce-nario simulations developed in Econ-Trans (see Bachner et al., 2021; WIFO Working Paper 636)


text:
Following the line of the article posted by A.Riazi, Solving engineering problem using MATLAB C API, I will show in this small example how to use M Functions inside our VC++ 6 project.
The project calculates the convolution of two vectors, and shows the resulting vector in the MsChart control. The function that performs the convolution is written in MatLab and then through the MatLab Add-in converted to C code ready to be used inside our app.
You need Visual Studio 6 and MatLab Release 12 installed with the MatLab C Library and Matlab Compiler.
Installing the MatLab Add-in
The add-in automates the integration of M-files into Visual C++ projects. The add-in for Visual Studio is automatically installed on your system when you run either mbuild -setup or mex -setup and select Microsoft Visual C/C++ version 6. In order to use the add-in you must follow these steps:
- Start MatLab, in the prompt type mbuild -setup
- Follow the menus and choose MS Visual C++6.0.
- Type the following commands in the matlab prompt :
These commands save the MatLab path to a file called mccpath in your user preferences directory (prefdir), ussually inside your documents and settings file. The path is used by the add-in because it runs outside Matlab and there is no other way for it to determine your Matlab path. If you add new directories to your Matlab path you will have to rerun this command if you want the add-in to see them.
- Configure the Matlab Add-in for Visual Studio 6 to work within MSVisual C++.
- Open MSVisualC++.
- Select Tools -> Customize from the MSVC menu.
- Click on the Add-ins and Macro Files tab.
- Check MATLAB for Visual Studio on the Add-ins and Macro Files list and click Close.
The floating MATLAB add-in for Visual Studio toolbar appears. The checkmark directs MSVC to automatically load the add-in when you start MSVC again.
Calculating the convolution in Matlab
We will write a simple function in MatLab that will perform the convolution of two vectors:
In2 and store the result in
We actually can use any matlab built-in function or toolbox function inside our function here we use only the function conv for simplicity.
%Returns the convolution of vector IN1 and IN2
Save the function with the name MyFunc.m
Writing the Application
Use the MFC AppWizard (exe) option to generate a Dialog Based Application and call it conv. Create a Button which will calculate the convolution of two given vectors.
Add the code below to the button's Message Handler.
Copy MyFunc.m into your VC++ project directory. Now go to the MatLab Add-in and click the.m++ (Add m-files to current project) button:
Select Windows Console Exe from the Combo Box and check Generate main file and debug mode. Press OK.
Then select the MyFunc.m file and click Open. After a while you will see new files added to your project.
Under MATLAB M-files you will see our MyFunc.m, you can even edit it from inside Visual C++. Under MATLAB C/C++ are MyFunc.c and MyFunc_main.c, generated by the MatLab Compiler. And all the headers needed by the compiler.
We can't build the app yet, we must add the following lines to convDlg.cpp:
Now the project should be built without any problem.
Points of Interest
The steps described here don't include the MSChart part, you can see it from the source code, but you can see that the calculation is done by placing a breakpoint inside the button message handler and checking the value of the
res vector after the line:
Well I hope this simple article be interesting for MatLab lovers, this is the first article I wrote, so I apologize if it is not clear enough. I will be glad to explain anything if you ask me. Greetings.
Daniel Cespedes is now working on his final project to get the Electrical Engineering degree at the National University of Technology in Cordoba Argentina. He is developing a Computerized system for the study of Human Echolocation, the ability to detect obstacles with the echoes of self generated sounds.(yes like bats!!) at the CINTRA (Centro de Investigación y Transferencia Acústica).He uses MsVisual C++ 6 as a developing tool. He also work at the Software Research Lab at the University.
He comes from Sta.Cruz de la Sierra-Bolivia a paradise in SouthAmerica's heart, where you can find pure air, nature contact, happy people, beautiful women etc.


Annabella Movie Actress
July 14, 1907
Death Date:
September 18, 1996 (age 89)
Birth Sign:
Annabella was born on July 14, 1907 (died on September 18, 1996, annabella was 89 years old) as Suzanne Georgette Charpentier. Annabella nickname was Charpentier Suzanne Georgette.
Annabella was a French cinema actress who appeared in 46 films between 1927 and 1952 including some Hollywood films during the late 1930s and 1940s. Born Suzanne Georgette Charpentier in La Varenne Saint Hilaire Val-de-Marne France. Annabella's chance to enter films came when her father entertained a film producer who gave her a small part in Napoléon in 1927. read more
Is Annabella still alive?
No, annabella died on 09/18/1996, 24 years ago. Annabella was 89 years old when annabella died. Annabella died in Neuilly-sur-Seine
What was Annabella's zodiac sign?
Annabella zodiac sign was cancer.
When is Annabella's next birthday?
Annabella was born on the, which was a Sunday
Annabella real name:
Birth name of Annabella is Suzanne Georgette Charpentier


Service Stub
 1. Motivation
 1. Removes dependence upon problematic services during testing
 2. Summary
 1. It actually mock original third party or remote services and generally used for testing and development purposes.
 2. It is also know as Mock Object.
 3. When to Use
 1. When you are using third party web services that are beyond yo control.
 4. Overview Tutorials
 5. Implementation
 1. Service stub is generally implemented with the help of Gateway.
 2. The Gateway is a Separated Interface rather than a class so you can have one implementation that calls the real service and at least one that's only a Service Stub.
 3. The desired implementation of the Gateway should be loaded using a Plugin.
 4. The key to writing a Service Stub is that you keep it as simple as possible—complexity will defeat your purpose.
 6. Example
 1. Mock Objects in Unit testing are good example of service stub pattern.
 7. Related Patterns
 1. Gateway
 2. Separated Interface
 3. Plugin
 8. Related Technologies
 1. Unit Testing Frameworks
 2. Moles
 9. References
 1. None


text:
Occupational Lead Poisoning Prevention Program (OLPPP) - What's New
Lead still a health concern for California workers – New data report
According to a new report from the California Occupational Blood Lead Registry, thousands of California workers are still being exposed to lead and have elevated blood lead levels. These workers are at risk for serious long-term effects on their health. While employers in many industries provide mandated blood lead level testing for their employees, there is still significant under-testing in industries where lead is a known hazard. Despite this limitation, the data we collect provide valuable information. For example, among those who test, employers in some industries are much more successful than others in protecting their workforce from lead on the job.
To read the full report, see: Blood lead levels in California workers, 2008-2011 (PDF)
For more information on our work in this area, see California Occupational Blood Lead Registry
CDPH Occupational Lead Program recommends health-based improvements to OSHA Lead Standards
The Cal/OSHA lead standards are based on lead toxicity information that is now over 30 years old. Current medical information, including a new monograph from the National Toxicology Program, clearly demonstrates harmful effects of chronic and low-level exposures to lead in adults, levels well below those currently allowed by the standards. The CDPH Occupational Lead Poisoning Prevention Program (OLPPP) has reviewed the scientific information and made health-based recommendations to Cal/OSHA for revising its General Industry Lead Standard and Lead in Construction Standard for the protection of workers who are exposed to lead on the job. CDPH is currently participating in the Cal/OSHA Advisory Committee process for revising the Lead Standards.
Recommendations for improving the Cal/OSHA Lead Standards - web page with the CDPH recommendations, information on the newly recognized hazards of lead, and Cal/OSHA Advisory Committee meeting link
National Toxicology Program (NTP) Monograph on Health Effects of Low-Level Lead
Occupational Lead Poisoning Prevention Program (OLPPP) home page
Occupational Health Branch home page


The Bellwin Scheme for Emergency Financial Assistance to Local Authorities
1. What is the Bellwin Scheme?
The Bellwin Scheme operates under Section 155(2) of the Local Government and Housing Act 1989 and allows Scottish Ministers to make additional revenue support to local authorities to assist with the immediate, and unforeseen costs in dealing with the aftermath of emergency incidents.
It is a discretionary scheme, which exists to give special financial assistance to local authorities who would otherwise be faced with an undue financial burden as a result of providing relief and carrying out immediate work due to large-scale emergencies. Local authorities are expected to include a small amount within their annual budget to deal with unforeseen emergencies. There is no automatic entitlement to assistance. flooding image
2. How does the Bellwin Scheme operate?
When it becomes obvious that there is an emergency which is creating immediate demands on local government, the Scottish Executive Ministers will decide whether the Scheme should be triggered. Once the Scheme has been triggered, affected authorities are invited to submit claims. The Scheme may be activated to meet the additional expense for authorities in providing immediate relief, in safeguarding life and property in affected communities and in keeping key communications open in the immediate aftermath of an emergency. Its purpose is not to put right all the ill effects of an incident. Applications for assistance must demonstrate undue financial burdens on authorities.
3. What costs are eligible for assistance?
The Scheme addresses revenue costs only and eligible costs are subject to a threshold which is set individually for each local authority and takes account of an assumed amount contained within each local authority's budget. Payment of a grant is made in full in respect of total eligible expenditure, after deduction of the threshold.
Costs which are considered to be insurable are not considered eligible under the Scheme but an element for insurance excess is considered eligible.
4. When was the Bellwin scheme last reviewed?
A review of the Bellwin Scheme was undertaken in 2005. A summary of the responses that were received and the Executive response to the consultation exercise can be found by following the links below.
Scottish Executive response to Bellwin consultation exercise
Summary of Bellwin consultation responses
You can also review the press release announcing the proposed changes to the Bellwin Scheme
5. Where can I find the updated documents?
The link to the full revised guidance note which contains the relevant updated information for making a claim and the claim forms, and the current Bellwin Thresholds.


Font Editor
by Jon (Updated on 2015-10-12)
Note: This article does not talk about how to draw text. We've got an article for that.
 - Introduction
 - Font Types
 - Creating Bitmap Fonts
 - Creating Regular Fonts
Font Types (Regular vs. Bitmap)
There are two kinds of Fonts you can create and use in Stencyl:
 - Regular Fonts
 - Bitmap Fonts
Regular Font
Bitmap Fonts on the other hand are based off images that you import. They take more effort to set up, but they look better and take up less space.
Bitmap Font
Tip: Stencyl doesn't provide tools to build the images behind bitmap fonts. We recommend using AngelCode or Hiero to assist you in creating Bitmap Fonts.
Creating Bitmap Fonts
What are Bitmap Fonts?
Bitmap Font
While Stencyl doesn't provide tools for creating bitmap fonts, it does provide extensive ways for importing the image and defining the individual character data.
Bitmap Font Editor
How to Create a Bitmap Font
 1. File > Create New > Font
 2. Give the a font a name. Click OK.
 3. Click the Import Font from Image button at the top-right to switch to the Bitmap Font Editor.
 Import Font
 4. Import an image for your font.
 Import Image for Font
 5. Define characters for your font as described in the next section.
After you've imported the backing image for the bitmap font, you'll need to tell Stencyl where each individual character is.
 1. First, add a character (or multiple characters).
 2. Then, adjust the character's position using one of these methods.
 - Drag and drop to move the character's box around.
 - Use the arrow keys to move the box around.
What the Properties Mean
Name Purpose
Position (X/Y) The left/top position of the character's image in the backing image.
Size (Width/Height) The width/height of the character's image in the backing image.
Offset (X/Y) Padding applied to the left/top side of a character when drawn.
Right-Padding Padding applied to the right side of a character when drawn.
Importing many characters can be tedious. Use these shortcuts to speed up the process.
Command Purpose
SHIFT + Up/Down/Left/Right Resize the currently selected character.
ALT + Up/Down Select the previous/next character in the list.
Other Properties
The Edit Properties button will bring up a few additional options.
Letter Spacing
Name Purpose
Space (Width) Since you can't define space as a character, this lets you define how wide a "space" character should be.
Line Height Specifies how many pixels to jump to the next line when wrapping text inside a label.
Background Color
External Tools
As mentioned earlier, Stencyl doesn't provide tools for creating the bitmap fonts themselves. Skilled artists can make a bitmap font on their own using Photoshop or similar tools. To create a bitmap font based off a regular, TrueType font, consider using one of the following programs.
Angelcode - A popular, Windows-only font editor.
Hiero - A cross-platform font editor.
Tip: Looking for pre-made bitmap fonts - try DaFont.com? Please respect the licensing terms of these fonts if using them in games.
Creating Regular Fonts
Regular fonts are based on TrueType fonts, the same ones you use when composing an e-mail or document. Although your options for styling them are limited, they are easy to set up and use in your game as long as you understand their limitations.
How to Create a Regular Font
 1. File > Create New > Font.
 2. Give the a font a name.
 3. Click OK. You'll now be inside the Font Editor.
 1. Choose the Charset (short for character set). This defines what characters are included in the font. Choose the minimum set you need.
 2. Choose the font face you'd like to use or import your own TTF.
 3. Set other properties as you see fit.
 4. Save. The system will churn for a bit as it generates the font's image behind the scenes.
Regular Fonts
Style Properties
Style Properties
Name Purpose
Character Set Choose what characters to include in this font. Choose the minimum set you need.
Font The kind of font you'd like to use, or import a TTF to use.
Size The font size
Style Bold, Italic, Both, or Normal
Color Properties
Font Color Properties
Name Purpose
Color Select any color for your font. Clicking on the option opens the color chooser window.
Gradient Color Lets you blend the first and second colors together vertically in your font.
Print Article Edit Article How to Edit an Article
damn i wanna be able to change color of my texts shadows cuz i have a black background so it doesnt show up
0 3 years, 7 months ago
it's like minecrafts font
-1 6 years, 4 months ago
The pictures and information are from older versions of Stencyl.
There is no example for setting your CHARSET on CUSTOM with special characters in the CHARACTERS box and how to access the characters in "code".
0 6 years, 5 months ago
Is it possible to change the shadow color on Stencyl 3.1? I don't see the option.
Also, It'd be great to have the option not to blur the shadow (the minimum is 1, it'd be cool to have a 0 value for blurring)
0 6 years, 7 months ago
1 8 years, 4 months ago
-1 9 years, 2 weeks ago
1 9 years, 9 months ago
5 9 years, 9 months ago
How can we do for use \n character?
0 9 years, 9 months ago
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text:
Kalimantan, Borneo, Indonesia
[mamapas pali] depicting a hornbill soul ship
26.0 (h) x 171.0 (w) x 5.0 (d) cm
National Museum of Ethnology, Leiden
The ship is an ancient recurring image in Southeast Asian art. A powerful symbol of transition, especially from this world to the afterlife, it appears on grave goods and trade items from the Bronze Age until modern times. The earliest coffins discovered across Southeast Asia are boat-shaped. Ships are still found on textiles, mats, sculptures and paintings that symbolise and celebrate the most important transition in a person's life, the journey of the soul to the realm of the ancestors.
In its most overt form, the boat depicts the vehicle in which the spirit of the deceased travels to the other world. Ship imagery is also displayed at other ceremonies of the lifecycle when an individual moves from one social or spiritual state to another, including initiations into adulthood such as tooth-filing, and at weddings.


text:
Date: January 1, 1959
Description: With the assumptions that Berthelot's equation of state accounts for molecular size and intermolecular force effects, and that changes in the vibrational heat capacities are given by a Planck term, expressions are developed for analyzing one-dimensional flows of a diatomic gas. The special cases of flow through normal and oblique shocks in free air at sea level are investigated. It is found that up to a Mach number 10 pressure ratio across a normal shock differs by less than 6 percent from its ideal gas value; whereas at Mach numbers above 4 the temperature rise is considerable below and hence the density rise is well above that predicted assuming ideal gas behavior. It is further shown that only the caloric imperfection in air has an appreciable effect on the pressures developed in the shock process considered. The effects of gaseous imperfections on oblique shock-flows are studied from the standpoint of their influence on the life and pressure drag of a flat plate operating at Mach numbers of 10 and 20. The influence is found to be small. (author).
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department


A. In PowerShell, you can run
 help about_functions_advanced
to learn more about what some folks call "script cmdlets," which use the CmdletBinding() attribute. Essentially, this attribute tells the shell to attach various attributes to the parameters of a function, such as making the parameter mandatory, tagging it for pipeline parameter binding, or specifying various input validation rules for the parameter's values. By using CmdletBinding() in your function, you can also declare support for the -whatif and -confirm switches, among other capabilities.


The Science Behind Gymnastics
Ranked #97 in Gymnastics
Behind every jump, spin, and flip of Olympic gymnastics, science is at work. Centrifugal force is at work in a midair spin, and center of gravity is involved in balance beam routines. Newton s Third Law of Motion springs into action as a gymnast flies into the air in the vaulting event. Find out how science is involved in all your favorite gymnastics events and how gymnasts take science into account as they chase the gold medal." less
Similar Books
If you like The Science Behind Gymnastics, check out these similar top-rated books:
Learn: What makes Shortform summaries the best in the world?


text:
Charles Frederick Worth
Worth, Charles Frederick, 1825–95, French and British fashion designer. He was the founder of the Maison Worth in Paris and London, the longest running fashion dynasty, and the arbiter of women's fashions for more than a century. He first designed silks and then became court dressmaker to Empress Eugénie of France and Empress Elizabeth of Austria. He was responsible for the creation of the ancestor of the tailor-made suit and invented the puffed tunic called the Polonaise. He was the first to use live models to exhibit his designs. His descendants continued the business after his death. In 1954 the house was sold to Paquin, and Worth as a London wholesale house continued until the 1970s. Parfums Worth, created in the 1900s is still in business.
See E. Saunders, The Age of Worth (1955).
More on Charles Frederick Worth from Fact Monster:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Fashion: Biographies


text:
What are the Dragon Balls?
In the Dragon Ball: Bouken Special, the Dragon Ball manga author, Akira Toriyama, explains that there are seven Dragon Balls because there are eight balls in Hakken-Den, a famous Edo-era Japanese novel, and that he would have hated for them to be exactly the same number, so he had the Dragon Balls be seven.
Unlike other forms of fiction that involve wishes being granted, the Dragon Balls seem to grant a wish exactly as the wisher imagined it, rather than warping the wish so that it is technically granted, but ends up making the wisher's life even more difficult. For example, when King Piccolo wished for youth, he was not reduced to an infant, but rather, appeared in his prime. Also, when a victim is revived from the dead, they are not undead, but rather, are truly alive. This is likely so that there is a legitimate reason to pursue the Dragon Balls by the protagonists, as they would not have a justification to rely on them if they knew they would never grant a proper wish. Also, unlike wishes in other literary works, Shenron is actually a sentient being; he may be capable of interpreting a wish however he sees fit, but chooses to interpret them how he knows the wisher actually wants, as a courtesy rather than as a rule. Credence is lent to this theory in the movie Dragon Ball Z: Fusion Reborn, where Shenron was asked to move all the dead people back to the Other World. He claimed that he was perfectly capable of granting the wish precisely as it was uttered, but he knew what consequences the Z Fighters were expecting (that the onslaught of undead would be resolved and peace would be restored), and warned them of the futility of the wish.


text:
Divided payout and future earnings growth : a South African study
Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
In the past it was believed that the payment of dividends would decrease the funds available to finance growth, and would therefore lead to lower future earnings growth. This belief was challenged in recent years with research that tested the relationship between dividend payout and future earnings growth, both on the individual company and aggregate market level in different countries. The results contradicted popular belief, and showed that companies with high payout ratios tend to realise stronger future earnings growth. This study tested the same relationship in South Africa and concluded that even in a developing country, dividend payout will still lead to higher future earnings growth.


To get started with RTXI for your experiments, there are some hardware requirements you need to satisfy. They're pretty easy to meet, and they'll get you set up with a properly performing RTXI installation.
If you are not familiar with RTXI or what it can do, we recommend looking through the manual first.
You will need:
 1. Computer
 2. Data acquisition card (DAQ)
 3. Graphics card (may come with computer)
Most computers built in the last few years will run Linux, but some will perform better for real-time applications. Here are some points to consider when buying new hardware:
 1. What is the CPU type? We recommend using Intel processors, though AMD ones work, too.
 2. How many PCI/PCIe slots are there? You will need one PCI or PCIe slot for a graphics card and another PCI slot for a DAQ.
Also, you should have a machine with at least 4 GB of RAM. While Linux can run with less, you will see degraded performance. Over the past few years, operating systems have been built under the assumption of increasingly capable hardware, and Linux has been no exception.
Note: The current generation of Intel processors (Skylake) requires firmware that is bundled into new Linux kernels, starting around kernel 4.1. The kernel in RTXI 2.2 is based on kernel 3.8.13 and will not run on new machines. When purchasing a computer, make sure it has an older processor. (Haswell/Broadwell will work.)
We are testing a newer real-time kernel. Source code is available on the rttweak branch of our GitHub repository.
RTXI is tested and developed on systems using National Instruments (NI) cards. While the Xenomai project creates drivers for cards made by other vendors, we do not test them and cannot give you a recommendation to use them.
If buying a new NI DAQ, get an M-series card. Do not get an X-series card. Open-source drivers do not currently exist for them, so they cannot be used for data acquisition. For a complete list of what drivers are available for what hardware, look here:
Graphics Card
You should get a discrete graphics card. Using integrated graphics will cause UI computation to be offloaded to the CPU, which at the same time has to handle real-time processes. Based on the systems we've benchmarked so far, you're better off using an AMD card than an Nvidia one. You are also recommended to use open-source drivers instead of their proprietary counterparts.
What this means for you is that when buying/acquiring a computer, you need to check the type of graphics card it has. You also need to check whether it is supported by open-source drivers. (Often, newer hardware needs some time for the people who code the drivers to extend support for them.)
Here is a list of graphics card supported by the Nvidia open-source driver (nouveau) and the AMD one (radeon):
Installing RTXI
Look through our installation instructions to see how to install RTXI 2.2. You can install RTXI with our live CD, or you can install a generic version of Linux and then manually compile and install RTXI and its real-time dependencies. It's up to you.
If you run into issues, look through our available documentation, and if it doesn't help, email us or submit an issue on GitHub. We recommend you do the latter.
Let us know if any links are broken. They are all supposed to point directly to lists of hardware compatible with drivers. If they don't, something went terribly wrong, and we need to fix the links.


text:
Economic Research Report No. (ERR-30) 54 pp
Eliminating Fruit and Vegetable Planting Restrictions: How Would Markets Be Affected?
Participants in U.S. farm programs are restricted from planting and harvesting wild rice, fruit, and most vegetables (nonprogram crops) on acreage historically used for program crops (known as base acreage). However, a recent World Trade Organization challenge to U.S. programs has created pressure to eliminate planting restrictions. Although eliminating restrictions would not lead to substantial market impacts for most fruit or vegetables, the effects on individual producers could be significant. Some producers who are already producing fruit and vegetables could find that it is no longer profitable, while others could profitably move into producing these crops. Producers with base acreage are the most likely to benefit because they would no longer face payment reductions.
Keywords: Farm programs, base acres, direct payments, vegetables, fruit, wild rice, planting restrictions
In this publication...
- Entire Report
- Report Summary
- Abstract, Acknowledgments, Contents, and Summary
- Base Acreage and Planting Restrictions Under the 2002 Farm Act
- Agronomic and Economic Barriers to Expanding Fruit and Vegetable Production
- Competition for Land Between Program and Fruit and Vegetable Crops
- Planting Dry Beans on Base Acreage: Economic Tradeoffs
- Discussion and Implications
- High-resolution entire report


The trajectory of an underwater bullet
PUBG video games become so much popular in my country. PUBG is a game where you have to fight other players with the gun-like weapon to become the last survivor. Out of curiosity, I also tried this game. Actually, I don't like video games too much, but playing PUBG games turns out to be fun and it can train my focus to win the competition. Combat in this PUBG games is like in most shooter games, you shoot the enemies to make them down. Spent hours of playing this game somehow made me think that shooting bullet is an easy thing to do. I can scroll through the single fire, burst fire, or auto fire when shooting guns to eliminate enemies.
64 bullet
But then I realized that the reality is completely different. Professional soldiers need long-long hours of practice to mastering shooting skills. In reality, shooting accuracy is affected by many factors. Not only the precision of seeing the target location that matters, but also the bullet travel itself. The flight path of the bullet is called Bullet Trajectory. Because the bullet travels too fast, we just cannot actually see its curved trajectory. We can simply imagine by throwing a ball in the air and watching it come down. This curved flight path is affected by several following factors:
 1. Gravity
Gravity force causes objects to fall to the ground, including the bullet. It will pull the bullet down rather than it travels forward. We should consider this gravity force when shooting the target at a certain high. The further target distance the more getting down the bullet will hit the target.
 1. Weight of the bullet
Since gravity force depends on mass, the selection of the bullet weight is also important to consider. The more massive an object is, the stronger its gravitational force. For example, bullets with 12 mm size have different flight pattern than 5 mm size.
 1. Air resistance
This is the most important factor in determining the bullet trajectory because air molecules can hinder bullet movement from traveling fast. Bullet without its high speed is just useless. When you shot a bullet in the air, the air molecules (nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor) can inhibit the bullet speed by making friction force. The more molecules, the greater the friction (drag) produced. The total amount of drag is determined by bullet speed, ballistic coefficient, and air density (also depends on atmospheric pressure, temperature, and humidity).
Supercavitating ammunition (GP bullet)
In the case of the underwater situation, the water resistance is much denser than air. Making the standard bullet lose its speed shortly after the bullet came out of the rifles. Then supercavitating bullet (underwater bullet) is developed to overcome this situation. Supercavitating bullet from Duretek company has best designed to reduce water resistance effect in its bullet trajectory.
By used high-density material in the front and low-density material in the rear, resulting GP bullet can reduce the water drag and air resistance. Reduce the yaw angle and it tends to make a more straight path. GP bullet also has various type from 5.56mm, 7.62mm, 9mm, and 12.7mm size are available.
You could find more details at the link below.
Should you interesting with GP bullet, please contact


What's the Ideal Shape for a Strawberry Pyramid?
Submitted by Ben Stallings on Fri, 03/16/2012 - 20:12
When I teach intro classes on permaculture design, when we're talking about boundary optimization -- that is, when to maximize the edge and when to minimize it -- one of the questions I like to ask students is along the lines of, "How many strawberry plants, spaced 6" apart, can you fit in 16 square feet and still reach them all easily for harvest?" The exact numbers are not important; what I'm looking for is the ideal design of a strawberry planter to maximize production in a minimum of space.
Why strawberries, specifically? Because strawberries present some challenges compared to, say, lettuce:
 - the berries grow underneath the leaves, so they're hard to see from above
 - although strawberries are perennial and spread by runners, they produce most in their first year, so it's desirable to get rid of last year's plants, which means you need to be able to tell one year's plants from the next
Image removed.I like to give the students a hint by showing them an example of a strawberry pyramid, like the one at right. By raising the plants up on tiers, the berries can be easily seen from the side, and the runners will always go down to the level below, so a parent plant can be distinguished from a child. Simple and elegant. But is this the optimal shape?
A circle minimizes edge for a given area, which is great when edge is a liability, but in this case you're only planting the edge, so what you really want to do is maximize the edge. What shape would maximize the edge while keeping every plant within reach?
Image removed.Well, that raises the question, how far can you reach at various heights? One way to find out... I put a measuring tape up against the wall and a yardstick at my feet and created the chart at left. (The funny shape at lower left represents my shoe.) What I found is that at 5 feet -- with my arms straight out from the shoulders -- I can reach 26", but from 3' down to 1' above the ground I can only reach out 20" (with my arms at a diagonal and my knees or back progressively bent), and on ground level I can only reach 15" -- if I keep my feet flat on the ground. If I rock forward onto my toes, I can reach 24" on the ground, but that's not sustainable; generally when I'm tending a 4' wide bed and reaching 2' in, I'm on my hands and knees rather than my toes.
So from this information, the most space-saving way to grow strawberries would be vertically, up against a wall, for example a retaining wall or a series of old rain gutters filled with soil. In this way the 16 square feet of the original question could hold hundreds upon hundreds of plants. But suppose we don't have a wall and have to build a planter; how steep and how tall can the planter be? I estimate a plant needs about 2" of soil around it to anchor it and absorb water, so I sketched on the chart a series of tiers 4" tall and 2" deep. I can then have 11 tiers totaling 44" high before exceeding my reach of 22" at that height.
Image removed.Maximizing the edge of the planter is important because the upper tiers are necessarily smaller than the lower ones, so if you can stretch the planter lengthwise into a two-sided wall, that's going to be your best bet. But suppose you can't stretch it lengthwise? How can we maximize edge without increasing length? The easiest way is to stretch it out into an amoeba shape (shown at left).
The trouble with the amoeba shape is that, at 44" high, parts of it are going to be in shade almost all the time. Strawberries need sunlight to produce fruit. So we not only need to maximize edge, we need to maximize edge exposed to the sun and minimize the edge that's in shade.
Image removed.When I started sketching shapes with more edge on one side than the other, I was frustrated that most of them were really ugly. Jessie asked me what I was doing and casually suggested, "How about a heart?" Hm... well, how about it? I'm now building a 44" high heart-shaped strawberry pyramid (right)! The top is reachable from three directions, there's more edge in sun than in shade (the point goes north), and it's aesthetically pleasing! Is it optimal? No, up against a wall would be optimal. I'm happy with this compromise!
[update: I did not complete this project, because the plastic edging I was using to reinforce the tiers was not strong enough to resist the expansion of freezing soil in the winter! So the moral of the story is, a design must be appropriate to the materials. For anyone with heavy clay soil, I cannot recommend any shape other than linear, since if you try to contain the soil on all sides, it will bust free when it freezes.]
What do you think? Comment below!


text:
U.S. Energy Information Administration - EIA - Independent Statistics and Analysis
Today in Energy
Note: Normal system frequency of 60 cycles per second appear as blue. Green and red colors indicate higher than normal frequency.
A large region of electric systems, called the Western Interconnection, responded to the San Diego blackout on September 8 in less than a minute. A YouTube video vividly illustrates how changes in frequency across interconnected alternating current (AC) electric systems ripple across such a large area in a very short time.
The video shows the variation of frequency (the number of times per second that the electric charge reverses direction) in the Western Interconnection associated with the San Diego blackout on September 8. An event, which has still not been fully characterized, drove system frequency below 60 cycles per second for about 25 seconds. Interconnected electric systems in North America are designed to operate within a very narrow frequency band around 60 cycles per second (hertz). A frequency below 60 cycles per second indicates that instantaneous demand exceeds supply of electricity. After an extended period of insufficient supply (25 seconds), the system automatically shed load in San Diego. The blackout suddenly reduced system demand and frequency shot up well above 60 cycles per second.
The video uses data from a network of small, low-cost devices that plug into wall outlets. They reveal—for the first time—electric system dynamics during disturbances. Frequency, phase angle, and voltage of the power system are measured every few seconds and transmitted via the internet to computers at the University of Tennessee and Virginia Tech. The resulting GPS-synchronized wide-area network makes possible the geographic presentation of the data and system disturbance animations.
Frequency is shown as the vertical scale on the graph on the left and the color-coded map legend on the right. The red dots on the map are the locations of the monitors. Each line on the graph represents the frequency recorded over time by a monitor.
There are monitors in the Eastern Interconnection as well. The video below shows changes in electric system frequency in the 12 seconds after the loss of the two large North Anna nuclear units near Richmond Virginia due to the east coast earthquake on August 23.
Note: Normal system frequency of 60 cycles per second appear as red. Green and blue colors indicate lower than normal frequency.


text:
Wednesday 22 May
Blue-faced rail (Gymnocrex rosenbergii)
What's the World's Favourite Species?Find out here.
Blue-faced rail fact file
- Find out more
- Print factsheet
Blue-faced rail description
A rare, ground-dwelling bird known from just two islands in Indonesia (2), the blue-faced rail (Gymnocrex rosenbergii) is most easily distinguished by the patch of bright cobalt blue skin around the eyes (2). This blue is particularly prominent against the purplish-brown upperparts and black crown, tail and underparts (4) (5). Like all rails (those in the Rallidae family), the blue-faced rail has short wings, long legs, and its strong feet bear sharp claws (6). Male and female blue-faced rails are similar in appearance (2) (3).
- Also known as
- Bald-faced rail, Schlegel's rail. Top
The Nature Conservancy:
Wildlife Conservation Society:
- The cutting and burning of forests or woodlands to create space for agriculture or livestock.
IUCN Red List (November, 2010)
- del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. and Sargatal, J. (1996) Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 3: Hoatzin to Auks. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
- Stattersfield, A. and Capper, D. (2000) Threatened Birds of the World. Birdlife International, Cambridge, UK.
BirdLife International (November, 2010)
- Evans, A.H. (1900) Birds. In: Harmer, S.F. and Shipley, A.E. (Eds.) The Cambridge Natural History. Macmillan and Co., London.
- Mobley, J.A. (2009) Birds of the World. Marshall Cavendish Corporation, Tarrytown, New York.
- BirdLife International (2001) Threatened Birds of Asia: the BirdLife International Red Data Book. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.
- Sibley, C.G. and Monroe Jr, B.L. (1990) Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut.
- Thomson, E.D. (1964) A New Dictionary of Birds. Nelson, London.
BirdLife International (2003) Saving Asia's Threatened Birds: a Guide for Government and Civil Society. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK. Available at:
- view the contents of, and Material on, the website;
- download and retain copies of the Material on their personal systems in digital form in low resolution for their own personal use;
- teachers, lecturers and students may incorporate the Material in their educational material (including, but not limited to, their lesson plans, presentations, worksheets and projects) in hard copy and digital format for use within a registered educational establishment, provided that the integrity of the Material is maintained and that copyright ownership and authorship is appropriately acknowledged by the End User.
Blue-faced rail biology
A largely ground-dwelling bird, the blue-faced rail is only able to fly for short distances (2) (3). It is thought to feed mainly on snails, beetles and other insects (2) (7). Breeding is suspected to take place around January and December (2) (7).Top
Blue-faced rail range
The blue-faced rail lives on the island of Sulawesi and the nearby island of Peleng in Indonesia (3).Top
Blue-faced rail habitat
Although primarily an inhabitant of dense, wet lowland forest (7), the blue-faced rail also occurs in abandoned rice fields (2) (8). It is thought to prefer areas with a thick understory of small saplings, palms, rattans and bamboos, near forest streams and pools. It has been recorded at a range of altitudes, most commonly between 150 and 900 metres (3).Top
Blue-faced rail status
The blue-faced rail is classified as Vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List (1).Top
Blue-faced rail threats
The small population of blue-faced rails is believed to be declining, placing this species at risk of extinction (4). The main cause of this decline is the destruction, degradation and fragmentation of its habitat (3). In the past two decades there has been a rapid loss of lowland forest in Sulawesi and Peleng, primarily as a result of agriculture (10).
Such destruction has frequently been the result of a growing human population. In Indonesia there has been a policy for many years to re-settle people from the large islands to less populated regions such as Sulawesi. These schemes often have very negative effects on the environment: forests are cleared for agriculture, new roads and housing developments, and there is often increased hunting and unsustainable slash-and-burn farming (10).Top
Blue-faced rail conservation
The blue-faced rail occurs in five protected areas: Borgani Nani Waterbone, Lore Lindu, Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Parks, Gunung Klabat and Pengunungan Palu (4), which will hopefully offer its habitat some protection. However, further efforts to conserve forest on Sulawesi and Peleng are needed to ensure the blue-faced rail's survival. Recommended measures include promoting more efficient agricultural practices, to help reduce pressure on the remaining natural habitat, developing greater community participation in forest management and conservation, and cancelling logging concessions within existing or proposed protected areas (10).Top
Find out more
Learn more about bird conservation:
Find out about conservation in Indonesia:
This information is awaiting authentication by a species expert, and will be updated as soon as possible. If you are able to help please contact:
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Operating Ratio
DEFINITION of 'Operating Ratio'
Operating Ratio
BREAKING DOWN 'Operating Ratio'
 1. Profit Margin
 2. Net Sales
 3. Operating Expense
 4. Asset Turnover Ratio
 5. Investment Income Ratio
 6. Operating Expense Ratio - OER
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Shellfish's Mysterious Pathways to Adulthood : Image
It's hard to tell the difference among early larval stages of various shellfish. But under polarized light, different species of larvae show different birefringence patterns, based on the crystal orientation of the calcium-containing minerals that make up their shells. Later-staged larvae begin to have body shapes that makes them easier to distinguish.


Sewage Sludge Incineration For Wastewater Treatment
Sewage sludge incineration plants are used as multiple hearth furnaces and fluidized bed incineration. The majority of operating sludge incinerators are multiple hearth designs, while the other designs are fluidized bed combustors. HOFFMAN & LAMSON blowers are used in multiple hearths and fluidized bed sludge incineration as either cooling or fluidizing air blowers.
Our blowers are custom manufactured and designed to deliver a specific airflow and pressure making these blowers very efficient. This is why HOFFMAN & LAMSON blowers are the preferred technology for the wastewater industry and have the best reputation for longevity and service.
Multiple Hearth Furnaces
The air-cooled variation of the multiple hearth furnace (MHF) is used to incinerate sewage sludge. The basic multiple hearth furnace is a vertically oriented cylinder. The outer shell is constructed of steel, lined with refractory, and it surrounds a series of horizontal refractory hearths. A hollow cast-iron rotating shaft runs through the center of the hearths.
Cooling air is introduced into the shaft and its "rabble arms," which extend above the hearths. Each arm is equipped with several teeth that are shaped to rake the sludge in a spiral motion.
Sewage Sludge Incineration
In most multiple hearth furnaces, partially dewatered sludge is fed onto the perimeter of the top hearth. The rabble arms move the sludge through the incinerator by raking the sludge toward the center shaft where it drops through holes located at the center of the hearth. In the next hearth, the sludge is raked in the opposite direction. The effect of the rabble motion is to break up solid material to allow better surface contact with heat and oxygen.
Scum may also be fed to one or more hearths of the incinerator. The scum quantities are generally small compared to those of other wastewater solids.
Ambient air is first ducted through the central shaft and its associated rabble arms. A portion, or all of this air, is recirculated from the top to the bottom as preheated combustion air. The combustion air flows upward through the drop holes in the hearths, countercurrent to the flow of the sludge, before being exhausted from the top hearth. Air also enters the bottom to cool the ash. Provisions are usually made to inject ambient air directly into the middle hearth.
Multiple hearth furnaces can be divided into three zones:
 - The drying zone (upper hearths) where most of the moisture in the sludge is evaporated.
 - The combustion zone (middle hearths) where the temperature is higher.
 - The cooling zone (lowermost hearth), where the ash is cooled as its heat is transferred to the incoming combustion.
Multiple hearth furnaces are sometimes operated with afterburners. Afterburners further reduce odors and concentrations of unburned hydrocarbons. In afterburning, furnace exhaust gases are ducted to a chamber where they are mixed with supplemental fuel and air and completely combusted.
Under the normal operating condition, 50%-100% excess air must be added to a multiple hearth furnace to ensure complete combustion of the sludge. Besides enhancing contact between fuel and oxygen in the furnace, these high rates of excess air are necessary to compensate for normal variations in both the organic characteristics of the sludge feed and the rate at which it enters the incinerator.
Fluidized Bed Incinerators
Fluidized bed incineration is used to convert dewatered sludge cake to ash. This process is complex and usually found in medium to large plants but in cases where land for disposal of the sludge is not available, then smaller plants may incinerate.
Fluidized bed combustors consist of a vertically oriented outer shell constructed of steel and lined with refractory. Nozzles designed to deliver blasts of air are located at the base of the furnace within a refractory-lined grid. A bed of sand, approximately 2.5 feet (0.75 meters) thick rests upon the grid.
Fluidized Bed Incineratior
Two general configurations:
 - In the "hot windbox" design the combustion air is preheated by passing through a heat exchanger.
 - Alternatively, ambient air can be injected directly into the furnace from a "cold windbox".
Partially dewatered sludge is fed into the lower portion of the furnace. Air is injected into fluidized beds of hot sand and the incoming sludge. As the sludge burns, fine ash particles and some sand are carried out at the top of the furnace.
Combustion of the sludge occurs in two zones:
 - Within the sand bed itself - evaporation of the water and pyrolysis of the organic materials occur nearly simultaneously as the temperature of the sludge is rapidly raised.
 - In the freeboard area - the remaining free carbon and combustible gases are burned. This zone essentially functions as an afterburner.
Fluidization achieves ideal mixing between the sludge and the combustion air. The turbulence facilitates the transfer of heat from the hot sand to the sludge. Smaller amounts of excess air are required for complete combustion of the sludge. Typically, fluidized bed incinerators can achieve complete combustion with 20%-50% excess air, about half of that required by multiple hearth furnaces.
Other Technologies
Electric Infrared Incinerators
Electric infrared incinerators consist of a horizontally oriented, insulated furnace. A woven wire conveyor belt extends the length of the furnace and infrared heating elements are located in the roof above the conveyor belt. Combustion air is preheated by the flue gases and injected into the discharge end of the furnace.
Cyclonic Reactors
Cyclonic reactors are designed for small capacity applications. Preheated combustion air is introduced into the vertical cylindrical chamber at high velocity. The sludge is sprayed radially toward the hot refractory walls.
Rotary Kilns
Rotary kilns are used for small capacity applications. The kiln is inclined slightly from the horizontal plane, with the upper end receiving both the sludge feed and the combustion air. A burner is located at the lower end of the kiln.
The Wet Oxidation Process
The wet oxidation process is not strictly incineration; it utilizes oxidation at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of water or flameless combustion. The thickened sludge is first ground and mixed with compressed air. The slurry is then pressurized and the mixture is circulated through a series of heat exchangers before entering a pressurized reactor.
Co-Incineration And Co-Firing
Virtually any material that can be burned can be combined with sludge in a co-incineration process. Common materials for co-combustion are coal, municipal solid waste, wood waste, and agricultural waste. Refuse co-fired with sludge is limited to multiple hearth incinerators only.
Trusted Experts


text:
Standard Library - clojure.core
Examples of using the functions from the
clojure.core namespace and other important functions, macros and special forms that are part of the
Functions, Macros and Special forms
The majority of times macros and special forms act just like any other defined function (i.e.
A macro is a piece of code that evaluates into a function when read by the macro reader, or by the developer using
macroexpand function. An expanded macro may also contain macros, so expansion could take place several levels (
macros are not composable like functions, so functions like
map cannot use a macro (use a function instead).
Special forms are built into the Clojure runtime, so will not be found in clojure.core
- Special forms:
- Special forms for Java interop:


Q.Over the past five years, I've built more than 30 laminate countertops, and I've never had any problems with them. Recently, however, one of my countertops started to bubble in a few places about five weeks after I built it. I tried taking an iron and heating the laminate, then flattening it with a J-roller until the laminate cooled. This worked, but for only about a week. What could be causing this to happen? And what can I do to fix this problem?
A.Merrill Glos, engineer at Formica Corp., responds: The most common cause of bubbling laminate is dimensional incompatibility between the laminate and the substrate. To prevent the problem, the substrate and the laminate must be compatible — they must respond to humidity changes by expanding and contracting at the same rates — and they must both be acclimated to the indoor environment before they are bonded.
If the laminate is dry and the particleboard is wet, the laminate will bubble when the laminate grows and the substrate either shrinks or stays the same size. It takes laminate about two days to acclimate, if air can get to both sides of the material. For a piece of 3/4-inch particleboard substrate, it takes about a week. The best substrate is particleboard, which has good dimensional compatibility with laminate. Plywood makes a poor substrate, because it is more dimensionally stable than laminate.
Solvent-based adhesives are preferable to water-based adhesives. When it comes to dimensional movement, wood reacts with moisture, not with solvent. Even with proper acclimation, if you use water-based contact adhesive, the water can disrupt the humidity balance by introducing water into the laminate or the substrate. Solvent-based adhesives tend to be more forgiving than water-based adhesives, and do not induce dimensional change problems.
To solve the problem, you'll have to heat up a larger area of the laminate than just the bubbled area. Heat up the bubbled area, as well as the entire area from the bubbles to the nearest laminate edge. This will allow the laminate to slip, adjusting to the change in dimension. After heating, use a 3-inch J-roller to rebond the contact adhesive, rolling until the adhesive is cool and has regained its strength.


text:
Case-Study 1- What were the pros and cons of transportation as a form of punishment?
1. You are George Bonfield, the missing son from Source 5. Write the letter home which poor Anne Bonfield is so anxious to hear from.
2. Design a "Snakes and Ladders" board-game for transportation. Start by listing the "snakes" - things that could go wrong for you as a convict sentenced to transportation. Then list the "ladders", the things that could go right. The sources give plenty of examples of each.
Then design and decorate the Board. What will you put at the end of the game - the destination for the winner?


Take the 2-minute tour ×
 1. What is the difference between a Coons B-Spline and a Bezier Spline?
 2. Should I say "Bezier Spline" or "Bezier B-spline"? What is the right term?
I've read some articles about it, but they usually discuss both of these types of spline together, so I have it a little messed up and don't know what info belongs to what type of curve.
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The Alchemy of Story #1: Writing the Universal
Date and time: 11th February 2018 10:00 am - 4:00 pm
Location: Moonah Arts Centre, 23-27 Albert Rd, Moonah Tasmania 7009
About the series:
Each of us is the product of many stories. Some we create ourselves, others we learn from our culture, our society, our family, friends, teachers, filmmakers and authors. Stories form our identity and our opinions; they inhabit our minds, are written on our bodies, imprinted in our hearts and stamped on every cell within us. Stories are our history, and our futures are formed from this history. At their worst, stories can bury themselves deep within our psyches and trap us within their conforming limitations so that we live small and fear-filled lives. But at their best, stories can be revolutionary, helping us to learn how to become true individuals by encouraging us to reach inwards to explore ourselves, and by showing us how to reach out and connect with others.
In these workshops, novelist Dr Rosie Dub, draws on many years of research, as well as her experience as a teacher, writer and editor, to explore the role of stories as maps, helping us to navigate our inward journeys; each journey uniquely individual yet echoing in the footsteps of those who have come before. 'The Alchemy of Story' workshops are a multi-faceted exploration of the power within story to transform each of us. In these workshops, we delve deeply into story and explore its underlying patterns. In the process, we identify ways in which writing and reading enables us to find our voice, heal old wounds, let go of the stories we tell ourselves that do not serve us well and rediscover the power of the imagination to reconcile the past with the present and ultimately to create a more hopeful future.
About this session:
Writing the Universal: recreating myths and fairy tales – 11 Feb 2018
Understanding the function and structure of myths and fairy stories helps us to develop a deeper knowledge of ourselves and our relationship to the wider world. It also teaches us how to write powerful, vibrant stories that not only carry universal themes but also engage the reader emotionally. These ancient stories provide intriguing possibilities for their retelling, allowing us to retain their important insights while transplanting the story into a different time and/or place.
Through discussion, readings and writing exercises, this workshop or series of workshops asks us to take a myth or fairy tale that resonates with us, identify its themes and rewrite it. In the process, we will use symbolism to express the deeper themes within the story, experiment with point of view, consider the function of setting, and develop characters through identifying their archetypal functions and exploring the internal and external conflicts that drive their actions and reactions.
Book a ticket online
This session only – Writing the Universal (11 Feb 2018)*Concession for Tasmanian Writers Centre Concession members only


Dare to do things for the first time!
Be brave and explore the world
Have you realized that you only have one chance to do things for the first time? It's overwhelming if you think about it every day! But, relax, you just need to make a few chances to have great experiences in your life.
If you make little changes every day, life will have a different and fantastic surprise for you, some of them will turn into your daily routine, and that's ok, we all need a little bit of order. But we also need incredible and new adventures to live in!
Do you remember the first time you saw the sea? Or how about making something that was scary and then realized that it was not frightening at all. Well, all of those incredible memories can be created if you dare to do something new. Here you have 9 first times that you will remember forever!
1.- The first time you saw the sea
9 first things that you will remember forever
Tristan Higbee
I bet you will never forget the first time that you visited a beach and saw the immensity of the sea. It has some kind of magic which can relax you and marvel you just by looking at it. Do you realize that it's an entirely different world than the one we live in? It is so amazing just to think about that! And of course, you will remember it forever.
2.- The first time that you counted more than 20 stars in the sky
9 first things that you will remember forever
El Coleccionista de instantes
The stars are there, in the sky, all the time, but we can't see them because of the luminosity pollution, contamination and a lot of other factors that make it really difficult. But once you're out of the big city and travel somewhere less crowded with few lights, you'll see the magic of the sky and understand why our ancestors gave the stars so much importance.
3.- The first time you do something adventurous
Xplor Park
Feeling fear is reasonable, but you can't let the fear control you and limit you on doing new and incredible things. Usually, extreme situations to make you feel fear, listen to your instinct, but just a little bit, then do whatever you want to and remember it forever.
4.- The first time you get in touch with our ancestors.
9 first times that you will remember forever
Xichen Tours
Reading about our ancestors and how they lived and what they believed in is fantastic and exciting. Usually, it helps us to understand a lot of things about our behavior. But one thing is to read on books or google it, another thing is actually to visit an archeological site where people lived thousands of years ago. It is something that you will remember forever.
5.- The first time you travel alone
Steven Vance
Traveling alone is an experience that you will remember forever, you get to know yourself in ways that never before or in any other situation you could. It forces you to deal with your fears, and new and different challenges every second. Definitely, something you have to do at least one time in your life.
6.- The first time you sleep in a tent
9 first times that you will remember forever
Christian Collins
It sounds like nothing, but believe me, it's a whole new experience. For starters, if you want to camp, for sure, it will be far away from the city, so prepare yourself for new sounds like crickets, and many other animals.
Once you're familiar with the new noises, the stars will be unforgettable and then, the sunrise from your tent is something that you will remember forever. Waking up with the first sun rays and then see how everything gets little by little the sunlight and takes its color is incredible.
7.- The first time you travel with your couple
Marco Verch
Traveling with your couple is fantastic and something to remember forever. Visit a new place together, discover incredible landscapes and a lot of first times will keep in your mind forever and, for sure, this will be the beginning of a lot more.
8.- The first time you defeat one of your fears
9 first times that you will remember forever
Xenses Park
Deal with the darkness or hights or any other fear is a big challenge for everybody, but once you do it it's unforgettable, and you will remember forever the feeling of success and adrenaline of defeating something that you have never done before.
9.- The first time you visited a new country
Andrés Nieto Porras
Getting out of the place you've lived your whole life is something to remember forever. That feeling immerses yourself in a completely different culture with a different language will stay with you forever.
What other thing are you sure that you'll remember forever? Write it in the comments!


english version of this page deutsche Version der Seite
How it works
· Spamkiss for users
· Spamkiss for mailpartners
· Spamkiss for spammers
· Spamkiss
· Token
· Kisslist / Kicklist
· Aliases
· Token Requester
What is Spamkiss?
Spamkiss is a system that drastically reduces spam working after a very new principle. It does its work where spam arises, with the Spammer himself. The Spamkiss System offers the decisive difference from the widespread use of filters, which essentially deal with filtering spam already mailed. It relieves those who now pay for spam - the provider and the recipient.
Spamkiss is server-based and consists of a database in which each user has a so-called 'Kisslist'. This list contains the sender's addresses of his communication partners. An intelligent concept and an additional mechanism, the Spamkiss Token, provide for simple administration of the 'Kisslist'. Spamkiss is an uncomplicated system for the user but offers the experienced user a process that permits a quick and effective solution for even complicated application problems.
How does Spamkiss work?
If a actively uses Spamkiss mail will only be put through to his mailbox if
 - The mailadress is known and listed on his Kisslist
 - The sender uses a valid Token
Do both mail partners have to be Spamkiss Users to be able to communicate with each other?
No, Spamkiss works whether or not the mail partner uses the system.
What is the main difference between Spamkiss and Filter based systems?
Mails are no longer placed in the filters - the rejection occurs at the earliest point, even before the data load has been transferred to the mailbox. This reduces transfer volume and thus Internet costs.
Does Spamkiss only work in connection with a Token or are there other possibilities?
Once Spamkiss is activated every new mail partner -who is not jet listed on the Kisslisthas to have a valid Token to get his email transferred to the recipient using Spamkiss.
How can I become a Spamkiss user?
To become a Spamkiss user you do not need to do anything. Just get in touch with your Email provider /employer and ask whether he has implemented the Spamkiss system. Than you are able to use Spamkiss without having to do a thing.
I have a private Email address with a well-known provider and another one at my work place. My employer uses Spamkiss - does that mean that my private Email address now is protected too?
No, not automatically. My private email address is only protected, if my provider uses Spamkiss to and I have a Token for my Email address.
I have more than one address with one provider. Can I use the same Token for all of them if my provider uses Spamkiss?
Yes, that is possible.
Is Spamkiss a solution for the Virus problem too?
Spamkiss is not an anti virus system. Nevertheless most of the viruses are distributed from unknown senders. This is why the risk of getting a virus is getting far smaller using Spamkiss.
© 2004 - All About It Systems S.A.


text:
Clicking on the Visibility tab allows you to configure the lots view able per bidder. For example, un-checking the box for 'Visibility' next to a lot means that the selected bidder won't be able to see that lot.
There are two ways to configure the data:
- Online - Click on the 'edit' button next to your chosen bidder and modify the visibility for each lot.
- Offline - download an Excel version of this screen by clicking 'Download'. Make your changes in Excel, save the file, and then upload it using the 'Upload' button.
Changing Lot Visibility
Changing the lot visibility means that you want to show or hide a lot from a bidder. By default, all lots are visible to all bidders. To change the visibility:
- Online - Select the edit button next to the desired lot and then modify the lot visibility and adjustments (as shown below):.
- Offline - Use the word 'FALSE' in the 'Visibility' column to hide a lot ('TRUE' means that the lot is visible).
Apply Bonus/Malus (Adjustments)
Click on the Bonus/malus tab to apply adjustments to bid values per bidder. You can also use the '% Bonus/Malus' and 'Turnover Bonus/Malus' columns, both online and in Excel, to favor or penalize bids from certain bidders for specified lots:
- % Bonus/Malus: This is expressed as a fraction, such as 0.50 (50%). A positive value favors the bid by reducing it by that percent. A negative value, such as -0.50 (-50%), penalizes the bid by increasing it by that percent.
- Turnover Bonus/Malus: This is expressed as a currency value, such as 100.00. A positive value favors the bid by reducing it by that number. A negative value, such as -100.00, penalizes the bid by increasing it by that value.
On the bidder-side screens, the adjustments impact the feedback, which will be based on the adjusted bid. For example, if two bidders enter a bid of $100,000 but Bidder 2 has a malus of 20% (-.20) then, because of the adjusted bid of $120,000 (see Figures 1 and 2 below, both showing feedback for the same bid value - except that the bidder in Figure 2 has the malus applied):
- Bidder 2 won't see the winning icon (the default 'Low Cost Baseline' scenario will award to the other bidder instead).
- Bidder 2 will see a lot rank of 2 instead of a rank of 1.
- Bidder 2 will not meet a reserve price/feedback target of $100,000 with a bid of $100,000 (the reserve will be compared to the adjusted bid).
- The difference to next rank/first rank will appear as $16,666.67 (16.67%) since a bid of $83,333.33 is needed to equal the other bidder's bid of $100,000 ($83,333.33 * 1.20 = $100,000).
- The minimum bid decrement and maximum next bid feedback will be affected if the target value is based on the next ranked lot bid or first ranked lot bid.
As mentioned above, scenario allocations will also be impacted by any bidder adjustments for lots.


text:
A DMV fatality hearing occurs when a motorist is suspected of causing an accident that leads to someone's death or serious injury. The hearing is a legal proceeding to determine whether the DMV will suspend the driving privileges of the person at fault for the accident.
These administrative hearings take place at a DMV office and are conducted by a DMV hearing officer. During the hearing, the officer presents evidence that supports the suspension of a driver's license. The motorist then has the chance to support evidence that challenges suspension.
If the DMV decides to suspend a person's license, it can do so for one year or more.
A driver can request a DMV hearing to:
- challenge this decision, and
- get a driver's license revocation set aside.
Some of the best ways to prepare for a fatality hearing are to:
- seek the help of an experienced DMV hearing lawyer, and
- organize and review any evidence that rebuts license suspension.
Our California criminal defense attorneys will highlight the following in this article:
- 1. What is a DMV fatality hearing?
- 2. What happens if a driver does not attend a fatality hearing?
- 3. What happens during a DMV fatality hearing?
- 4. Can a person challenge a decision at these hearings?
- 5. How should a person prepare?
1. What is a DMV fatality hearing?
A fatality hearing is a legal proceeding conducted by the California Department of Motor Vehicles.
The DMV hearing takes place after the DMV labels a driver a negligent operator because:
- the driver caused or contributed to a traffic accident, and
- a person died or was seriously injured in that accident.1
The Department holds the hearing to determine if it should:
- suspend the motorist's driving privileges, and
- do so because of the accident.2
Both the DMV and the subject driver can introduce evidence during the hearing.
The Department presents evidence to support a license suspension. Some evidence that may show this includes:
- an accident report,
- medical reports of injured parties,
- the motorist's driving record, and
- witness testimony, such as by law enforcement.
The driver can then present evidence to challenge a suspension. Evidence of this nature includes:
- the motorist's driving record (to show a history of safe driving),
- the accident report (to show that the driver did not cause it),
- medical reports of injured parties (to show no death or serious injury), and
- witness testimony (to support any of the above claims).
Note that the DMV can subject a driver to a fatality hearing even if the motorist was not the sole cause of the accident. The Department can hold a hearing if a driver:
- caused the accident, or
- contributed to it in any way.
2. What happens if a driver does not attend a fatality hearing?
The DMV sends a driver a "Notice of Suspension" after labeling the person a negligent operator.
If a driver ignores this notice, or does not attend a hearing, the DMV will:
- suspend or revoke the motorist's driving privileges, and
- do so for one year.3
The one-year period may be even greater if the driver has a poor driving history.
After the suspension period is over, the motorist has to reinstate his or her license. This requires:
- paying fees, and
- filing an SR-22 Insurance Form.4
Note that the latter causes a substantial increase in the person's auto insurance.
3. What happens during a DMV fatality hearing?
A hearing takes place at a DMV Driver Safety Office. It is conducted by a DMV hearing officer.
An officer is a Department employee and is not:
- a lawyer, or
- a judge.
The hearing officer begins the hearing by introducing the Department's case. This means presenting evidence that supports license suspension.
The subject driver then has the chance to present evidence that challenges suspension. The motorist wants to show that:
- he or she did not contribute to or cause,
- a traffic collision that caused a death or serious injury.
Note that a driver has the right to an attorney throughout the hearing process to help accomplish this aim.
If the DMV decides to suspend a person's license, it can do so for one year or more.5
4. Can a person challenge a decision at these hearings?
A driver can request a DMV hearing to:
- challenge the Department's decision, and
- get a driver's license suspension set aside.6
A hearing officer may decide the following after a hearing:
- a license suspension gets set aside.
- the motorist gets placed on negligent operator probation. This means a suspension does not go into effect. It will though if the driver commits a violation or an accident.
- the driver gets a suspension but is granted a restricted license, or
- a license gets suspended.7
5. How should a person prepare?
A motorist can do many things to prepare for a fatality hearing. Some of the best are:
- contact an experienced DMV attorney for help at the hearing,
- collect, organize, and review any evidence that challenges a license suspension,
- contact persons who can testify at the hearing about safe driving history.
The subject driver should also contact the DMV and get a copy of his/her driving history. If it is clean, the motorist can use this as evidence. The history will show that:
- despite the accident in question,
- the driver is a skilled and safe driver and another car accident is not likely to occur.
For additional help…
Accused of causing a serious or fatal accident? To discuss your case with a criminal defense attorney, we invite you to contact us at Shouse Law Group.
- California DMV website – Negligent Operator Hearings, Guidelines and Actions.
- See same. See also California Vehicle Code 13800a VC.
- California DMV website – Financial Responsibility (Insurance) Requirements for Vehicle Registration (FFVR 18).
- California Vehicle Code 14100.
- California Vehicle Code 12813.