call them and modify them using a simple dot operator. For example:
_TAG_ Index(['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E'], dtype='object'
The assignment operator is the best way to modify this attribute:
df.columns = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Pandas DataFrame Name Columns
How to Deal With Missing Data in Pandas DataFrames
In an ideal world we will always work with perfect data sets. However, this is never the case in practice. There are many cases when working with quantitative data that you will need to drop or modify missing data. We will explore strategies for handling missing data in Pandas throughout this section.
The DataFrame We'll Be Using In This section
We will be using the np.nan attribute to generate NaN values throughout this section.
_TAG_ nan
In this section, we will make use of the following DataFrame:
df = pd.DataFrame(np.array([[1, 5, 1],[2, np.nan, 2],[np.nan, np.nan, 3]]))
df.columns = ['A', 'B', 'C']
A Pandas DataFrame With Missing Data
The Pandas dropna Method
Pandas has a built-in method called dropna. When applied against a DataFrame, the dropna method will remove any rows that contain a NaN value.
Let's apply the dropna method to our df DataFrame as an example:
A Pandas DataFrame After Using Dropna
Note that like the other DataFrame operations that we have explored, dropna does not modify the original DataFrame unless you either (1) force it to using the = assignment operator or (2) specify inplace=True.
We can also drop any columns that have missing values by passing in the axis=1 argument to the dropna method, like this:
A Pandas DataFrame After Using Dropna On Its Columns
The Pandas fillna Method
In many cases, you will want to replace missing values in a pandas DataFrame instead of dropping it completely. The fillna method is designed for this.
As an example, let's fill every missing value in our DataFrame with the?:
A Pandas DataFrame After Using Fillna
Obviously, there is basically no situation where we would want to replace missing data with an emoji. This was simply an amusing example.
Instead, more commonly we will replace a missing value with either:
 - The average value of the entire DataFrame
 - The average value of that row of the DataFrame
We will demonstrate both below.
To fill missing values with the average value across the entire DataFrame, use the following code:
To fill the missing values within a particular column with the average value from that column, use the following code (this is for column A):
The Pandas groupby Method
In this section, we will be discussing how to use the pandas groupby feature.
What is the Pandas groupby Feature?
Pandas comes with a built-in groupby feature that allows you to group together rows based off of a column and perform an aggregate function on them. For example, you could calculate the sum of all rows that have a value of 1 in the column ID.
For anyone familiar with the SQL language for querying databases, the pandas groupby method is very similar to a SQL groupby statement.
It is easiest to understand the pandas groupby method using an example. We will be using the following DataFrame:
df = pd.DataFrame([ ['Google', 'Sam', 200],
 ['Google', 'Charlie', 120],
 ['Salesforce','Ralph', 125],
 ['Salesforce','Emily', 250],
 ['Adobe','Rosalynn', 150],
 ['Adobe','Chelsea', 500]])
df.columns = ['Organization', 'Salesperson Name', 'Sales']
An Example Pandas DataFrame That We'll Be Using To Demonstrate Groupby
This DataFrame contains sales information for three separate organizations: Google, Salesforce, and Adobe. We will use the groupby method to get summary sales data for each specific organization.
To start, we will need to create a groupby object. This is a data structure that tells Python which column you'd like to group the DataFrame by. In our case, it is the Organization column, so we create a groupby object like this:
If you see an output that looks like this, you will know that you have created the object successfully:
Once the groupby object has been created, you can call operations on that object to create a DataFrame with summary information on the Organization groups. A few examples are below:
_TAG_ mean (or average) of the sales column
_TAG_ sum of the sales column
_TAG_ standard deviation of the sales column
Note that since all of the operations above are numerical, they will automatically ignore the Salesperson Name column, because it only contains strings.
Here are a few other aggregate functions that work well with pandas' groupby method:
_TAG_ the number of observations
_TAG_ the maximum value
_TAG_ the minimum value
Using groupby With The describe Method
One very useful tool when working with pandas DataFrames is the describe method, which returns useful information for every category that the groupby function is working with.
This is best learned through an example. I've combined the groupby and describe methods below:
Here is what the output looks like:
An Example Pandas DataFrame That We'll Be Using To Demonstrate Groupby
The Pandas concat Method
In this section, we will learn how to concatenate pandas DataFrames. This will be a brief section, but it is an important concept nonetheless. Let's dig in!
The DataFrames We'll Use In This section
To demonstrate how to merge pandas DataFrames, I will be using the following 3 example DataFrames:
df1 = pd.DataFrame({'A': ['A0', 'A1', 'A2', 'A3'],
 'B': ['B0', 'B1', 'B2', 'B3'],
 'C': ['C0', 'C1', 'C2', 'C3'],
 'D': ['D0', 'D1', 'D2', 'D3']},
 index=[0, 1, 2, 3])
df2 = pd.DataFrame({'A': ['A4', 'A5', 'A6', 'A7'],
 'B': ['B4', 'B5', 'B6', 'B7'],
 'C': ['C4', 'C5', 'C6', 'C7'],
 'D': ['D4', 'D5', 'D6', 'D7']},
 index=[4, 5, 6, 7])
df3 = pd.DataFrame({'A': ['A8', 'A9', 'A10', 'A11'],
 'B': ['B8', 'B9', 'B10', 'B11'],
 'C': ['C8', 'C9', 'C10', 'C11'],
 'D': ['D8', 'D9', 'D10', 'D11']},
 index=[8, 9, 10, 11])
How To Concatenate Pandas DataFrames
Anyone who has taken my Introduction to Python course will remember that string concatenation means adding one string to the end of another string. An example of string concatenation is below.
str1 = "Hello "
str2 = "World!"
str1 + str2
_TAG_ 'Hello World!'
DataFrame concatenation is quite similar. It means adding one DataFrame to the end of another DataFrame.
In order for us to perform string concatenation, we should have two DataFrames with the same columns. An example is below:
pd.concat([df1, df2, df3])
Pandas DataFrame Concatenation Example
By default, pandas will concatenate along axis=0, which means that its adding rows, not columns.
If you want to add rows, simply pass in axis=0 as a new variable into the concat function.
In our case, this creates a very ugly DataFrame with many missing values:
Pandas DataFrame Concatenation Along Columns Example
The Pandas merge Method
In this section, we'll learn how to merge pandas DataFrames.
The DataFrames We Will Be Using In This section
In this section, we will be using the following two pandas DataFrames:
import pandas as pd
leftDataFrame = pd.DataFrame({'key': ['K0', 'K1', 'K2', 'K3'],
The columns A, B, C, and D have real data in them, while the column key has a key that is common among both DataFrames. To merge two DataFrames means to connect them along one column that they both have in common.
How To Merge Pandas DataFrames
You can merge two pandas DataFrames along a common column using the merge columns. For anyone that is familiar with the SQL programming language, this is very similar to performing an inner join in SQL.
Do not worry if you are unfamiliar with SQL, because merge syntax is actually very straightforward. It looks like this:
pd.merge(leftDataFrame, rightDataFrame, how='inner', on='key')
Let's break down the four arguments we passed into the merge method:
 1. leftDataFrame: This is the DataFrame that we'd like to merge on the left.
 2. rightDataFrame: This is the DataFrame that we'd like to merge on the right.
 3. how=inner: This is the type of merge that the operation is performing. There are multiple types of merges, but we will only be covering inner merges in this course.


text:
Biermann, David Hartman, Edwin P
Test of 10-foot diameter, four and six blade single-rotating and dual-rotating propellers were conducted in the NACA propeller-research tunnel. The propellers were mounted at the front end of a streamline body incorporating spinners to house the hub portions. The effect of a symmetrical wing mounted in the slipstream ranged from 20 degrees to 65 degrees setting corresponds to airplane speeds greater than 500 miles per hour. The results indicate that dual-rotating propellers were from 0 to 6 percent more efficient than single-rotating ones; but, when the propellers operated in the presence of a wing, the gain was reduced by about one-half. Other advantages of dual-rotating propellers were found to include greater power absorption and greater efficiency at the low V/nD operating range of high-pitch propellers.
An Adobe Acrobat (PDF) file of the entire report:

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
tonestro, as you probably know, is the world's first playful practicing app for wind musicians which gives you constructive feedback while playing and connects musicians worldwide. Simply put, it efficiently improves your skills without costing a thing.
How is this achieved?
This is done through the instant feedback feature. This is the process in which the user (you) downloads the right app (find yours here), plays the desired instrument (the recorder, to say), and gets immediate feedback on how they can improve.
In this blog post, We'll unveil the secret behind our signal processing and algorithm work while one is practicing. Let's take the recorder, for example.
Imagine you're rocking it. Each tone you are playing is inherently just a sound wave. We are able to extract information from the waves by using different methods, i.e. Fourier. Each information is prepared differently depending on the instrument. Thanks to our signal processing and algorithm, the app will analyze your performance, derive insights from it, and present them to you in a timely manner.
"And how does this work?" I presume you're asking yourselves right now.
Through intelligence algorithm, of course. The intelligent analysis algorithm is capable of digesting large chunks of data and breaking them down into insights.
The algorithm is comparing your pitch, rhythm, articulation and dynamic to what the system knows is correct for the given instrument and song.
The given feedback is:
- Delivered in a timely manner
It has the ability to turn underground wind instrument enthusiasts into perpetuated worldwide-renowned musicians.
This is our superpower! What's yours? If it is rocking your audience with wind instruments, you've come to the right place.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
A type of animated, interactive graphics was famously presented to the world by Hans Rosling of the Gapminder Foundation in a TED talk. The bubble plots that were presented clearly showed changes for several variables over time. Paul Murrell produced an animated
ggplot2 plot based on the Gapminder bubble plots. This demonstration is perhaps more informative as it separates countries into different continents and draws a separate panel for each continent. In doing so we can more easily see the variation within continents.
We can see that over time, for all continents, the general trend is that as the number of children per woman decreases, it is associated with an increase in life expectancy. What is interesting is how it is possible to observe significant events such as wars occurring within each continent.


text: Management of damage caused by wolf to domestic livestock is a crucial measure that must be part of an integrated management strategy. Despite the existence of responsible authorities for tackling such aspects, resources are often insufficient for addressing the complex issues. LIFE Nature projects represent a valid tool for the implementation of measures for wolf conservation as the species is included in the Annexes of the Habitat Directive as a priority species. In the last ten years, over 30 LIFE Nature projects targeting wolf conservation were financed by the EU. Measures adopted in the projects were largely consistent and coherent with the Action plan for the Conservation of Wolf in Europe published by the Council of Europe in 2000. The LIFE COEX project was implemented in Portugal, Spain, France, Italy and Croatia from 2004 to 2008, and represented an excellent example of international collaboration and amplification of knowledge and experiences of management measures adopted at different levels. Adapted to local conditions, the measures implemented achieved extremely positive results, particularly in areas where wolves are expanding. As an example, after installation of electric fences, the damage suffered by holdings from wolf attacks decreased by 100\% in Portugal, 99% in Spain and 58% in Italy. In France and Croatia measures were adopted for intersectoral involvement (tourism and agriculture), which have contributed to the development of a participatory approach for wolf management. The experiences acquired during the COEX project are in the process of being transferred to other places through the implementation of the LIFE EX-TRA and LIFE WOLFNET projects. The former involves Italy, Bulgaria, Greece and Romania, while the latter is implemented in three national parks in Italy. The results obtained are encouraging and future LIFE Nature Projects should capitalise on the experiences done, making use of studies and researches that will allow the maximisation of efficacy of adopted management measures.


text:
Plant breeders increase profits by improving productivity and product quality. Genetic gains require extensive testing over several years, especially for perennial species. The level of genetic gain that breeders achieve depends on how effectively you can utilise this test information.
Gemnetics provides online database software that puts your breeding, trial and genomics data, pedigrees, and breeding values at your fingertips, allowing you to make better and more timely decisions. You can interrogate data in many ways, such as identify where specific genetic entities are planted, and extract data ready for a wide range of analyses. You can also track breeding and production stock in the breeding archive, laboratory, and nursery, with up to date inventories instantly available.


text:
Magic resistance (or MR) is a stat that all units have, including minions, monsters, and buildings. Increasing magic resistance reduces the magic damage the unit takes. Each champion begins with some magic resistance which may increase with level. You can gain additional magic resistance from abilities, items, masteries, and runes. Magic resistance stacks additively.
All champions begin with 30 base magic resistance. No ranged champions gain magic resistance per level, but many melee champions do, with 52.5 being the maximum magic resistance possible without items, runes, masteries, or ally buffs.
Incoming magic damage is multiplied by a factor based on the unit's magic resistance:
- Damage multiplier = 100 / (100 + MR) if MR ≥ 0
- Damage multiplier = 2 − 100 / (100 − MR) if MR ≤ 0
- 25 magic resistance → ×0.8 incoming magic damage (20% reduction).
- 100 magic resistance → ×0.5 incoming magic damage (50% reduction).
- −25 magic resistance → ×1.2 incoming magic damage (20% increase).
Stacking magic resistance编辑
Every point of magic resistance requires a unit to take 1% more of its maximum health in magic damage to be killed. This is called "effective health."
- Example: A unit with 60 magic resistance has 60% of its maximum health in its effective health, so if the unit has 1000 maximum health, it will take 1600 magic damage to kill it.
What this means: by definition, magic resistance does not have diminishing returns, because each point increases the unit's effective health against magic damage by 1% of its current actual health value whether the unit has 10 magic resistance or 1000 magic resistance.
- Note: Unlike health, increasing magic resistance also makes healing more effective because it takes more effort to remove the unit's health than it does to restore it.
Ways to increase magic resistance编辑
- +57 magic resistance, +70 ability power. Unique aura: Reduces the magic resistance of nearby enemies by 20. 2650 gold. :
- +24 magic resistance, +270 health +18 armor. Unique aura: +12 armor, +15 magic resistance, +8 attack damage to nearby allied champions. 1925 gold. :
- +40 magic resistance, +90 ability power, +15 mana regeneration. Unique passive: +15% cooldown reduction. Unique passive: Restores 12% of maximum mana on kill or assist. Unique passive: Increases your mana regeneration by 1% per 1% mana you're missing. 2950 gold. :
- +50 magic resistance, +375 health +375 mana. Unique passive: Blocks one negative spell every 45 seconds. 2715 gold. :
- +30 magic resistance, +7.5 mana regeneration. Unique passive: Increases your mana regeneration by 1% per 1% mana you're missing. 890 gold. :
- +76 magic resistance, +40 health regeneration, +8% movement speed. Unique passive: Restores 0.35% of your champion's health every second. 2610 gold. :
- +38 magic resistance, +68 armor. Unique passive: Revives your champion upon death, restoring 750 health and 375 mana. This effect can only occur once every 5 minutes. 2600 gold. :
- +30 magic resistance, +25 attack damage Unique passive: If you would take magic damage which would leave you at less than 30% of your maximum health, you first gain a shield which absorbs 250 magic damage for 5 seconds. 60 second cooldown. 1400 gold. :
- +30 magic resistance, +350 mana +80 ability power +7% movement speed. Unique passive: 100% chance when an ability is used that your next physical attack deals an additional 100% of your ability power in damage. This effect has a 2 second cooldown. 3470 gold. :
- +36 magic resistance, +55 attack damage, Unique Passive: +1 Attack Damage for every 2.5% health missing, Unique Passive: If you would take magic damage which would leave you at less than 30% of your maximum health, you gain a shield which absorbs 400 magic damage for 5 seconds. 60 second cooldown 3300 gold. :
- +25 magic resistance, +35 tenacity. Unique passive: Enhanced Movement 2. 1200 gold. :
- +48 magic resistance. 740 gold. :
- +24 magic resistance. 400 gold. :
- +50 magic resistance, +350 health, +350 mana. Unique passive: Reduces and stores 10% of magic damage dealt to your champion. Unique Active: Deals 200 + (Stored magic damage)[Max: 400] to nearby enemy units. 90 second cooldown. 2715 gold. :
- +48 magic resistance. Unique active: Removes all debuffs from your champion. 90 second cooldown. 1440 gold. :
- +30 magic resistance, +250 health. Unique passive: Reduces ability cooldowns by 10% and increases healing and regeneration on yourself by 15%. 1550 gold. :
- +30 magic resistance, +40% attack speed. Unique passive: Physical attacks deal 42 bonus magic damage and increase your magic resistance by 5 for 5 seconds. (stacks up to 4 times). 2150 gold. :
- 阿卡丽的 Twilight Shroud lays down a cover of smoke for 8 seconds where she gains 10 / 20 / 30 / 40 / 50 magic resistance while inside.
- 安妮的 Molten Shield increases her magic resistance by 20 / 30 / 40 / 50 / 60 for 8 seconds.
- 伊莉丝的Spider Form Spider Form increases her magic resistance by 10 / 15 / 20 / 25.
- 加里奥的 Bulwark increases an allied champion's magic resistance by 30 / 45 / 60 / 75 / 90 for 4 seconds.
- 盖伦的 Courage increases his magic resistance by 20%.
- 格雷福斯的True Grit True Grit increases his magic resistance by every second he remains in combat. This bonus stacks up to 10 times. Graves is considered in combat if he has dealt or received damage in the last 3 seconds.
- 贾克斯的 Grandmaster's Might increases his magic resistance by 25 / 35 / 45 (+20% AP) for 8 seconds.
- 凯南的Lightning Rush Lightning Rush increases his magic resistance by 10 / 20 / 30 / 40 / 50 for 4 seconds.
- 杰斯的Transform: Mercury Hammer Transform: Mercury Hammer increases his magic resistance by 5 / 15 / 25 / 35.
- 蕾欧娜的 Eclipse increases her magic resistance by 30 / 40 / 50 / 60 / 70 for 3 seconds. The duration of the buff is doubled if any enemies are damaged by the ability.
- 易的 Meditate increases his magic resistance by 100 / 150 / 200 / 250 / 300 for up to 5 seconds.
- 莫德凯撒的 Creeping Death increases an allied unit's magic resistance by 10 / 15 / 20 / 25 / 30 for 6 seconds.
- 奈德丽的 Aspect of the Cougar grants her 10 / 20 / 30 magic resistance while in cougar form.
- 奥拉夫的 Ragnarok increases his magic resistance by 30 / 45 / 60 for 6 seconds.
- 奥莉安娜的Command: Protect Command: Protect increases an allied champion's magic resistance by 10 / 15 / 20 / 25 / 30 as long as the ball is attached to it.
- 拉莫斯的 Defensive Ball Curl increases his magic resistance by 40 / 60 / 80 / 100 / 120 for 6 seconds.
- 雷恩加尔的Battle Roar Battle Roar Rengar lets out a battle roar, damaging enemies increases his magic resist by 15 / 22 / 29 / 36 / 43 for 3 seconds.
- 希瓦娜的 Dragon's Descent passively increases her magic resistance by 10 / 15 / 20. This bonus is doubled while she is in dragon form.
- 辛吉德的Insanity Potion Insanity Potion increases his magic resistance by 35 / 50 / 65 for 25 seconds.
- 娑娜的 Aria of Perseverance:
- Aura: increases nearby allied champions' magic resistance by 3 / 6 / 9 / 12 / 15 while active and persists for two seconds after deactivation.
- Activation: increases hers and one nearby allied champion's magic resistance by an extra 8 / 11 / 14 / 17 / 20 for 3 seconds.
- 索拉卡的 Consecration increases nearby allied champions' magic resistance by 16.
- 特朗德尔的 Agony increases his magic resistance by 15% / 20% / 25% of the target enemy's magic resistance, and doubles the amount over the next 6 seconds.
- 厄加特的Hyper-Kinetic Position Reverser Hyper-Kinetic Position Reverser increases his magic resistance by 60 / 90 / 120 for 5 seconds.
- 孙悟空的Stone Skin Stone Skin grants him magic resistance for each nearby enemy champion.
- 赵信的 Crescent Sweep


What do the control valves operate in my spa?
Air Venturi Valves open an air line into the jet stream which pulls in air bubbles, so that you can increase/decrease the pressure of that jet and inserts bubbles into the flow.
Water Diverter Valves diverts the flow of water from one jet zone of the spa to the other.
Looking from the outside of the shell, if the piping goes straight down, this is a Venturi Valve. If the piping goes to a "T" shape, this is a Diverter Valve.
Waterfall Control Valves are the larger size and have a higher profile
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text:
The Family Kit includes:
- Freein13 Journal
- Freein13 Parent Manual
- Freein13 Mentor Manual
Family Kit Description
The parent manual provides direction and hope to parents helping their child overcome pornography use. This educational guide includes:
- Understanding how a child is exposed to pornography
- The process of how someone becomes trapped in a cycle of use
- Behavior changes needed to free their child
- Directions on how to support the child in their goals
Armed with this understanding, the parent can support their chosen Mentor as he/she guides the child through the program.
The Participant Journal provides two pages per day for the participant to record thoughts and complete a checklist of daily activities and metrics such as hours spent on gaming, social media, etc.
A instructional guide for the mentor to lead the participant through the 13 lessons. It provides information on the skills needed to develop a relationship with the participant by building rapport, maintaining accountability, and providing continual encouragement.
Manuals arrive in standard USPS packaging
Free Shipping: 5-7 Days
$8.99 Expedited Shipping:1-3 Days


text:
Who said that school and business meetings have to be boring? Drawings are quick and easy ways to display information without the buttoned-up feel of graphs and tables. Here, we'll learn how to add and use Microsoft PowerPoint's dedicated Draw tab. You will also learn how to add your own drawings.
Studies over the years have proven that visual data aids in retention when delivering a message. For this reason, everyone from teachers to professional speakers tend to make use of images, drawings, or short videos to drive points home when giving a presentation. A drawing in PowerPoint is a great way to grab attention.
Using the Draw feature allows you to add these visual elements once you know how to find the correct tab in PowerPoint. While it's not immediately obvious how to use the feature, you're only a few clicks away from first adding the tab, and then drawing in PowerPoint.
How to add the draw tab to PowerPoint
1. To activate the Draw Tab, right-click anywhere on your PowerPoint ribbon. Then, select Customize the Ribbon from the context menu that appears. This step will open the PowerPoint options window in the Customize Ribbon tab.
2. Next, tick the checkbox beside Draw under the Customize Ribbon section. Finally, click OK. You should notice that a new tab with the name Draw has been added to your PowerPoint Ribbon.
How to draw in PowerPoint
1. To start drawing on PowerPoint, go to the Draw tab at the top of the application.
2. Select your preferred drawing medium under the Drawing Tools section. By default, you can choose between a black pen, a red pen, and a yellow highlighter.
3. To modify your drawing tools, right-click any of them and select either Modify Tool or Add Another Tool.


Munich Personal RePEc Archive
Examining the discourse on nuclear weapons
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Nuclear weapons and language - is there a connection? Linguistics is an established science, but what has it got to do with nuclear weapons? This article was inspired by several international disarmament negotiations where I noticed that diplomats work in a communicative reality related to the nuclear arms issue. But is anyone involved in this highly political process aware of the activity of that process of talking? Observations showed that the political problem around the issue of nuclear arms is often, among other things, a communication problem. There is a clear lack of research dealing with communicative aspects of the nuclear arms issue. This article is based on a preliminary empirical case study where officials from seven different countries (Austria, China, France, India, Israel, Japan and South Africa) were interviewed and asked to participate in a short association test. While every country has a particular way of perceiving and dealing with nuclear related issues, these interviews show that language is an essential element in constructing the social reality of nuclear disarmament.
MPRA is a RePEc service hosted by
the Munich University Library in Germany.


text:
Erbil to Baghdad distance, location, road map and direction
Erbil is located in iraq
at the longitude of 44.01 and latitude of 36.21. Baghdad is located in Iraq
at the longitude of 44.36 and latitude of 33.31.
- Driving Distance : 366 KM and 237 meters / 227.6 miles.
- Straight Line Distance : 323 KM and 400 meters / 201 miles.
- Travel time : 7 hours and 16 minutes.
- Direction and bearing : South side, 174 degree.
Distance between Erbil and Baghdad
The total straight line distance between Erbil and Baghdad is 323 KM
(kilometers) and 400 meters. The miles based distance from Erbil to Baghdad is 201
miles. This is a straight line distance and so most of the time the actual travel distance between Erbil and Baghdad may be higher or vary due to curvature of the road.
The driving distance or the travel distance between Erbil to Baghdad is 366 KM and 237 meters. The mile based, road distance between these two travel point is 227.6 miles.
Time Difference between Erbil and Baghdad
The sun rise time difference or the actual time difference between Erbil and Baghdad is 0 hours, 1 minutes and 24 seconds
Erbil and Baghdad time calculation is based on UTC time of the particular city. It may vary from country standard time, local time etc.
Erbil To Baghdad travel time
Erbil is located around 323 KM away from Baghdad so if you travel at the consistent speed of 50 KM per hour you can reach Baghdad in 7 hours and 16 minutes. Your Baghdad travel time may vary due to your bus speed, train speed or depending upon the vehicle you use.
Midway point between Erbil To Baghdad
Mid way point or halfway place is a center point between source and destination location. The mid way point between Erbil and Baghdad is situated at the latitude of 34.759689360214 and the longitude of 44.188129396901. If you need refreshment you can stop around this midway place, after checking the safety,feasibility, etc.
Erbil To Baghdad road map
Baghdad is located nearly South
side to Erbil. The bearing degree from Erbil To Baghdad is 174 ° degree
. The given South direction from Erbil is only approximate. The given google map shows the direction in which the blue color line indicates road connectivity to Baghdad. In the travel map towards Baghdad you may find en route hotels, tourist spots, picnic spots, petrol pumps and various religious places. The given google map is not comfortable to view all the places as per your expectation then to view street maps, local places see our detailed map here.
Erbil To Baghdad driving direction
The following diriving direction guides you to reach Baghdad from Erbil. Our straight line distance may vary from google distance.
Travel Distance from Erbil
The onward journey distance may vary from downward distance due to one way traffic road. This website gives the travel information and distance for all the cities in the globe. For example if you have any queries like what is the distance between Erbil and Baghdad? and How far is Erbil from Baghdad?. Driving distance between Erbil and Baghdad. Erbil to Baghdad distance by road. Distance between Erbil and Baghdad is 320 KM / 199.2 miles. distance between Erbil and Baghdad by road. It will answer those queires aslo. Some popular travel routes and their links are given here :-
Travelers and visitors are welcome to write more travel information about Erbil and Baghdad.
- It can be your previous travel experience between Erbil and Baghdad.
- Available transport routes to reach Baghdad like train routes, bus routes, air routes and cruise routes.
- Tourist places or any other important places on the routes between Erbil and Baghdad.
- Hotels, restaurant information on the way to Baghdad.
- Photos related to Erbil and Baghdad or en route.
- Travel queries and other relavent information related to this page.


text:
The role of beak shape in octopodid taxonomy
Ogden, R.S.; Allcock, A.L.; Watts, P.C.; Thorpe, J.P.. 1998 The role of beak shape in octopodid taxonomy. South African Journal of Marine Science, 20. 29-36.Full text not available from this repository. (Request a copy)
Beak shapes in nine species of Southern Ocean octopodids were measured using seven size-standardized ratios. The results were analysed using principal component analysis and discriminant function analysis and show that beak shape may be used as a taxonomic character to distinguish between genera, but not between species. Stepwise discriminant function analysis indicated that all seven ratios were required to maximize discrimination between beaks. A phenogram constructed from a matrix of Mahalanobis distances differed from a dendrogram produced from genetic data. This suggests that, although useful for discrimination, beak morphology is probably not suitable for constructing phylogenies.
|Programmes:||BAS Programmes > Other|
|NORA Subject Terms:||Marine Sciences
Biology and Microbiology
|Date made live:||13 Aug 2010 11:09|
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text:
For some women, genes may influence pressure to be thin
Genetics may make some women more vulnerable to the pressure of being thin, a study led by Michigan State University researchers has found.
From size-zero models to airbrushed film stars, thinness is portrayed as equaling beauty across Western culture, and it's an ideal often cited as a cause of eating disorder symptoms in young women.
The researchers focused on the potential psychological impact of women buying into this perceived ideal of thinness, which they call thin-ideal internalization. Changes in self-perception and behavior, caused by this idealization, can lead to body dissatisfaction, a preoccupation with weight and other symptoms of eating disorders.
"We're all bombarded daily with messages extoling the virtues of being thin, yet intriguingly only some women develop what we term thin-ideal internalization," said Jessica Suisman, lead author on the study and a researcher in MSU's Department of Psychology. "This suggests that genetic factors may make some women more susceptible to this pressure than others."
To explore the role of genetic factors in whether women "buy in" to the pressure to be thin, the idealization of thinness was studied in sets of twins. More than 300 female twins from the MSU Twin Registry, ages 12-22, took part in the study. Suisman and colleagues measured how much participants wanted to look like people from movies, TV and magazines. Once the levels of thin idealization were assessed, identical twins who share 100 percent of their genes were compared with fraternal twins who share 50 percent.
The results show that identical twins have closer levels of thin idealization than fraternal twins, which suggests a significant role for genetics. Further analysis shows that the heritability of thin idealization is 43 percent, meaning that almost half of the reason women differ in their idealization of thinness can be explained by differences in their genetic makeup.
In addition to the role of genes, findings showed that influences of the environment are also important. The results showed that differences between twins' environments have a greater role in the development of thin ideal internalization than wider cultural attitudes, which women throughout Western societies are exposed to.
"We were surprised to find that shared environmental factors, such as exposure to the same media, did not have as big an impact as expected," Suisman said. "Instead, non-shared factors that make co-twins different from each other had the greatest impact."
Although the study did not look at specific environmental triggers, non-shared environmental influences typically include experiences that twins do not share with one another. This could include involvement by one twin in a weight-focused sport like dance, one twin being exposed to more media that promotes thinness than the other, or one of the twins having a friendship group that places importance on weight.
"The take-home message," Suisman said, "is that the broad cultural risk factors that we thought were most influential in the development of thin-ideal internalization are not as important as genetic risk and environmental risk factors that are specific and unique to each twin."
Kelly Klump, MSU professor of psychology and co-author on the study, said it is well established that a broad range of factors can contribute to the development of eating disorders.
"This study reveals the need to take a similar approach to the ways in which women buy in to pressure to be thin, by considering how both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of thin-ideal internalization," Klump said.


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Introduction to Owls
Family: Strigidae (Owls)
There are six species of naturally occurring owl in the United Kingdom today, while a seventh, the European Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo), is living wild in England as a result of natural migration from the Continent, or as a result of escaping from bird collections. Despite these wild populations, it is a matter of dispute as to whether the Eagle Owl is a naturalised species.
Look under the Species Menu for all our native Owls


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Problem: Suppose that $f:S^n\to S^n$ is a mapping from the n-dimensional sphere ($n\geq 3$) into itself which maps circles into (instead of onto) circles. Can we say that f maps (n-1)-dimensional spheres into (n-1)-dimensional spheres?
Here, we make no any other assumption on f, e.g. continuity, injectivity, surjectivity, and so on. Circle is in the ordinary sense, i.e. round circle (or say 1-sphere), not necessarily great circle.
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In your questions are you assuming continuity? – alvarezpaiva Dec 28 '12 at 20:14
I don't see why this is tagged soft-question. – HJRW Dec 28 '12 at 20:15
_USER_: do you have an example of a map that sends circles into circles, but which is not a Moebius transformation? – alvarezpaiva Dec 28 '12 at 20:36
_USER_: Take any map which sends sphere to the circle. – Misha Dec 29 '12 at 4:53
What is a "circle" for your purposes -- great circle, round circle, or perhaps something else? – Ryan Budney Dec 29 '12 at 6:09
1 Answer 1
Take two circles $C_1, C_2$ intersecting in two points $p_1, p_2$. These are contained in a unique 2-sphere $S$. One way to see this is to assume $p_1=\infty$, $S^n-p_1=\mathbb{R}^n$ (considering $S^n$ as the one-point compactification of $\mathbb{R}^n$). Then the circles $C_1, C_2$ correspond to two lines intersecting in a point $p_2$, which span a unique 2-plane in $\mathbb{R}^n$ corresponding to the sphere $S$.
The images $f(C_i)\subset D_i$, where $D_i$ are circles, and $D_1\cap D_2 = \{f(p_1),f(p_2)\}$. Let $T$ be the unique 2-sphere containing $D_1\cup D_2$. Then I claim $f(S)\subset T$. Normalize it by post-composition with a Moebius transformation so that $f(p_1)=\infty$, then any line intersecting $(C_1\cup C_2)-\infty$ in two points distinct from $p_2$ will map to a line intersecting the lines $D_1\cup D_2-\infty$ in two points, and thus is contained in $T$. So $f(S)\subset T$ since every point of $S$ is contained in a line intersecting $D_1, D_2$ in points distinct from $f(p_2)$.
One can perform a similar inductive argument to show that higher-dimensional spheres are preserved. Take $k$ circles intersecting two points, say $0, \infty$, which span a $k$-plane $K$ in $\mathbb{R}^n$. Then any point on $K$ is contained in a $k-1$-plane $J$ intersecting the $k$ lines in points different from the origin. Then the image is contained in a similar configuration by induction, so the $k$-spheres are taken to $k$-spheres.
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Your argument requires that the inverse image of $p_1$ (or say $\infty$) consists of a single point. So, you can not reduce the question to $\mathbb{R}^n.$ – woodbass Dec 31 '12 at 2:29
_USER_: Actually, Agol's arguments (with minor corrections) suffice. Also, a much more general result is Theorem 4.8 in – Misha Jan 1 '13 at 0:31
I do not think so. Please think of: Why f cannot map $S^2$ exactly to 5 points which is not in a 2-sphere and no four of which lie in a circle? – woodbass Jan 1 '13 at 8:04
Of course, if assume injectivity, the situation reduced to R^n. There are essential gaps in MaCcallum's thesis as I noted in another comment (see:…). I do not know how to add a simple super-link to that comment. – woodbass Jan 1 '13 at 8:26
Your Answer


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By the time of European contact, pottery-making in various parts of what is now Canada had evolved through a number of characteristic local phases, developing unique regional styles that can be associated with distinct First Nation groups and sub-groupings. The ceramics included in this display represent many groups we are familiar with today, such as the Ojibway (A below), the Sioux (B below), and the Mackenzie Inuit (C below).
As with many archaeological reconstructions, the deeper in time we go, the more things tend to resemble each other. Put differently, the older things are, the more difficult it is to separate them into objects that we can identify as having been produced by a particular ethnic group of the present. This statement certainly applies to ceramics.
Ceramic styles of the late prehistoric period, just before Europeans arrived, reveal shared features, so that we can speak with some confidence about Iroquoian pottery. But we also know that within such large groups there existed many small local sub-groups that functioned independently.
For example, a number of St. Lawrence Iroquoian pot styles (A and B below) included circular punctates or ring impressions, often in groups of three. In northern Manitoba, the Cree were apparently the only Cree group to manufacture ceramic plates (C below), perhaps influenced by the Inuit, who lived along the Manitoba coast at that time. Even their large pots (D below) had distinctive characteristics that differentiate them from pots (E below, for example) made by other Cree just to the south in northwestern Ontario.


text: An important question about color vision is how does the brain represent the color of an object? The recent discovery of "color patches" in macaque inferotemporal (IT) cortex, the part of the brain responsible for object recognition, makes this problem experimentally tractable. Here we recorded neurons in three color patches, middle color patch CLC (central lateral color patch), and two anterior color patches ALC (anterior lateral color patch) and AMC (anterior medial color patch), while presenting images of objects systematically varied in hue. We found that all three patches contain high concentrations of hue-selective cells, and that the three patches use distinct computational strategies to represent colored objects: while all three patches multiplex hue and shape information, shape-invariant hue information is much stronger in anterior color patches ALC/AMC than CLC. Furthermore, hue and object shape specifically for primate faces/bodies are over-represented in AMC, but not in the other two patches.


text:
If you don't supply an explicit list of files (or instructions on how to
generate one), the
sdist command puts a minimal default set
into the source distribution:
Sometimes this is enough, but usually you will want to specify
additional files to distribute. The typical way to do this is to write
a manifest template, called MANIFEST.in by default. The
manifest template is just a list of instructions for how to generate
your manifest file, MANIFEST, which is the exact list of files to
include in your source distribution. The
processes this template and generates a manifest based on its
instructions and what it finds in the filesystem.
If you prefer to roll your own manifest file, the format is simple: one filename per line, regular files (or symlinks to them) only. If you do supply your own MANIFEST, you must specify everything: the default set of files described above does not apply in this case.
The manifest template has one command per line, where each command specifies a set of files to include or exclude from the source distribution. For an example, again we turn to the Distutils' own manifest template:
include *.txt recursive-include examples *.txt *.py prune examples/sample?/build
The meanings should be fairly clear: include all files in the distribution root matching *.txt, all files anywhere under the examples directory matching *.txt or *.py, and exclude all directories matching examples/sample?/build. All of this is done after the standard include set, so you can exclude files from the standard set with explicit instructions in the manifest template. (Or, you can use the --no-defaults option to disable the standard set entirely.) There are several other commands available in the manifest template mini-language; see section 9.2.
The order of commands in the manifest template matters: initially, we have the list of default files as described above, and each command in the template adds to or removes from that list of files. Once we have fully processed the manifest template, we remove files that should not be included in the source distribution:
You can disable the default set of included files with the --no-defaults option, and you can disable the standard exclude set with --no-prune.
Following the Distutils' own manifest template, let's trace how the
sdist command builds the list of files to include in the
Distutils source distribution:
prunecommand in the manifest template comes after the
See About this document... for information on suggesting changes.


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Traditional Skills Strategy
Traditional Building Skills
Traditional Building Skills is a strategy for developing and sustaining traditional building skills in Scotland.
As the largest heritage body in the country, Historic Scotland has a responsibility to lead on ensuring skills, techniques and practices that are integral to the heritage sector are not only supported but encouraged to grow and develop.
The strategy provides for Historic Scotland to increase the work it does in developing stronger and better ways to teach traditional skills, with the aim of ensuring this expertise is readily available across Scotland for many years to come, making a positive contribution to the country's economy.
Traditional Building Skills - A Strategy for Sustaining and Developing Traditional Building Skills in Scotland [pdf, 1.5mb]
Scottish Traditional Building Skills Audit Scoping Exercise (STBSASE)
In partnership with ConstructionSkills Scotland, Scottish Qualifications Authority and Scottish Enterprise, Historic Scotland initiated the Scottish Traditional Building Skills Audit Scoping Exercise (STBSASE) in 2009.
The project report aims to quantify training that is currently available for traditional building skills and to identify gaps in current qualification provision. From this report, a work programme of qualification development will be developed focusing on bolt-on units to supplement the existing Scottish Vocational Qualification provision. This is the first action in the Strategic Partnership Agreement between Historic Scotland, ConstructionSkills and the Scottish Qualifications Authority in identifying and addressing skills and knowledge gaps in traditional building skills and will build on the successful introduction in 2008 of the National Progression Award in Masonry Conservation. This project is part of the Traditional Building Skills Strategy for Historic Scotland.
Scottish Traditional Building Skills Audit Scoping Exercise (STBSASE) [pdf, 2.7mb]


text:
Is arming a Scrabble word?
Yes, arming is a Scrabble word!
...and is worth 9 points in Scrabble, and 12 points in Words with Friends
Arming is a valid Scrabble word.
Table of Contents
3 definitions of the word arming.
- Prepare oneself for a military confrontation
- Supply with arms
- The act of equiping with weapons in preparation for war
What Scrabble words can I make with the letters in arming?
1 Anagram of Arming
Anagrams are words that use the same letters as other words, but in a different order.
Anagrams are sometimes called a Word Unscramble
Words that can be created with an extra letter added to arming:
There are 12 words that can be made by adding another letter to 'arming'.


text:
Introduction: To compare long term glomerular filtration rate (GFR) outcomes of partial nephrectomy and radiofrequency ablation performed for renal malignancy.
Materials and methods: Renal function of 347 patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation (n = 142) or partial nephrectomy (n = 205) for renal malignancy between 1994 and 2011 were compared from a retrospective database at a single tertiary care center. Minimum 1 year of follow up was required, resulting in a mean follow up of 48.2 (SD +/- 28.2) months. Renal function was estimated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. The primary study outcome was progression of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) stage, calculated using the Kaplan-Meier life table method. Multivariate analysis was also conducted to determine the level of association between GFR decline and treatment modality.
Results: The 5 year freedom from CKD stage progression for radiofrequency ablation and partial nephrectomy was 85.4% (95% CI 76.8%-91.1%) versus 82.1% (95% CI 73.7%-88.1%) (p = 0.06). A longer follow up interval was associated with greater GFR decline, although hypertension, diabetes, age, and tumor size were not.
Conclusion: Radiofrequency ablation provides similar long term renal function preservation benefit as partial nephrectomy.


text:
- Public Notices
How non-public and home schools relate to the school district
By Steve Bruchman,
Community Services Director
New Prague Area Schools
Each year non-public schools (like St. Wenceslaus School and Holy Cross School) and home schools (individual parents instructing one or more of their children at home) are required to register with the school district in which they operate.
A non-public school is usually defined as having five or more students coming together in a set location/building; a home school is usually fewer than five students and located in a residence.


text:
GIS:-Agriculture Ministry says Working with Greenhouses can Result in Steady Harvests, Year Round.
The Ministry of Agriculture is encouraging farmers to adopt farming practices that can result in steady economic gains.
Kemuel Jn Baptiste, Chief Extension Officer in the Extension and Advisory Services Unit, said a cyclical farming approach can help farmers maintain consistency and secure a market for local produce.
"A few things have challenged our consistency in this country. In as much as we have invested heavily as a country in terms of irrigation and infrastructure, agriculture is still very heavily dependent on rain–it is what you call rain fed. Because it is rain fed, and with the added challenges of increased temperatures in the dry season, and increased rainfall intensity in the wet season, it creates a lot of uncertainty for the farmer who is working in the open field. So he may plant a lot of vegetables but there is no guarantee that he will see it all the way to the end," Mr Jn Baptiste explained.
"This means that although a farmer made a commitment to a buyer to produce a certain amount at a certain time, because there are so many variables, there is no guarantee that he will have it ready. Now because that uncertainty exists, we are bombarded by imports."
While greenhouses help improve the consistency of produce, the farmers' lack of upkeep has resulted in some losses. Mr Jn Baptiste said that although greenhouses provide some security against the loss of crops, frequent maintenance is necessary to ensure that crops perform well.
"For many years now, the farmers produce the first few crop cycles using greenhouses, and then they stop because the plastic gets damaged and there's no commitment or no resources set aside to replace it. The other thing that farmers do not pay attention to is the condition of the soil in greenhouses. In the soil there is a buildup of pathogens, and little effort is expended in trying to deal with it, so farmers start having crop failures, become frustrated, and leave the facility."
Mr Jn Baptiste said working cyclically with greenhouses in the proper manner will help counteract such losses.
"What we are saying as ministry is these facilities exist and you can work with them cyclically. During the dry season you can allow them to sit idle because then you don't need an umbrella to produce your crops. Instead you expose them to the sun, what we call solarization, and when the rainy season begins you cover over and you begin to produce. I'm saying all this to say that if we do not maintain consistency in the market, the person who is buying from you, whether it is hotelier or a supplier, if you can't deliver they will find another source, and that source very often represents a foreign source."
The Ministry of Agriculture stresses that with proper greenhouse farming practices, farmers can ensure consistent production, and as a result, benefit from a predictable income, year round.


Can I heat baked beans in the can?
How to cook canned baked beans. That's simple. You can use any oven proof dish you like and mix your canned baked beans right in there. Then bake until they are hot all the way through and bubbling around the edges.
Is it safe to heat canned food in the can?
Aluminum is considered toxic, making it not ideal for heating canned food. Besides this, already used cans that had been heated over an open fire are not suitable because they might not be in perfect condition. Instead, you should heat your food while it's still inside its can.
What to add to baked beans from a can?
How to make Kicked-Up Canned Baked Beans:
 1. Bacon.
 2. Onion.
 3. Molasses.
 4. Spicy brown mustard (can substitute yellow mustard)
 5. Worcestershire.
 6. Brown sugar.
 7. Ketchup.
 8. A teaspoon of apple cider vinegar for a touch of tanginess is optional and not shown.
1 июл. 2020 г.
Do you have to heat up canned beans?
Canned beans can be eaten directly from the can without additional cooking since they are precooked. However, before enjoying them as is—or if you decide to cook them—definitely rinse them off with cool water. … Use canned beans in salads, dips, and sandwiches or eat as is.
IT IS INTERESTING: How do you pre cook spaghetti?
What canned foods can you eat without cooking?
Is Tin toxic for cooking?
How do you spice up beans from a can?
Do canned baked beans go bad?
Properly stored, an unopened can of baked beans in sauce will generally stay at best quality for about 3 to 5 years, although it will usually remain safe to use after that.
How do you add flavor to baked beans?
5 Ways to Upgrade Canned Baked Beans
 1. Honey + Dijon Mustard. …
 2. Caramelized Onion + Bacon + Espresso Powder. …
 3. Adobo Sauce + Chorizo + Chopped Cilantro. …
 4. Fire Roasted Tomatoes + Little Smokies + Chopped Parsley. …
 5. Mixed Chopped Herbs + Breadcrumbs + Cheddar Cheese.
7 июл. 2015 г.
Should I rinse canned beans?
IT IS INTERESTING: How do I bake store bought crab cakes?
Can you eat corn straight out of the can?
The answer to the question is canned corn already cooked is "Yes, it is cooked enough for you to eat it". In fact, corn straight out of the can isn't bad at all. It is fresh and has a certain pop and crunch to it!
What can I add to canned green beans for flavor?
Flavor them with butter, onion powder, salt, and pepper. Let the beans simmer uncovered and stir occasionally. Do not turn off the heat until almost all the liquid evaporates. Otherwise, all the flavors from your seasonings will remain in the liquid and won't stick to the beans.
What is the healthiest canned vegetable?
The best canned vegetables are tomatoes, beans, green beans, corn, beets, peas, pumpkin, carrots, and artichoke hearts. Each of these vegetables is healthy, inexpensive, and taste great when they're canned.
When should you not eat canned food?
If your can shows any sign of bulging, especially around the lid, it is not safe to eat. In fact, it shouldn't even be opened. 5- Pressure Release – If you can hear an audible pressure release sound when you open your can, chances are, air has somehow gotten inside. Again, air fosters bacteria growth.
What is healthier frozen or canned vegetables?
This helps preserve the nutrients, so frozen and canned veggies can often be healthier than fresh vegetables. … Canning requires a lot more processing. Aside from certain fruits like tomatoes and pumpkins, canned goods are likely to have less nutritional value than frozen.
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Let's eat?


text:
STUDY OF AERODYNAMIC DRAG REDUCTION ON A FULL-SCALE TRACTOR-TRAILER
Aerodynamic drag tests were performed on a tractor-trailer combination using the coast-down method on a smooth, nearly level runway. The tests included an investigation of drag reduction obtained with add-on devices that are commercially available or under development. The tests covered tractor-trailer speeds ranging from approximately 35 to 65 miles per hour and included fuel consumption measurements. The study shows the effects of the various add-on devices on the aerodynamic drag, and for some devices on the fuel consumption. Results from a simulation of fuel consumption tests using a computer program are also included.
National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationFlight Research Center
Edwards AFB, CA United States 93523
Transportation Systems Center55 Broadway, Kendall Square
Cambridge, MA United States 02142
- Steers, L L
- Montoya, L C
- Publication Date: 1976-4
- Pagination: 57 p.
- TRT Terms: Aerodynamics; Airport runways; Data collection; Drag; Dynamic tests; Fuel consumption; Motor vehicles; Simulation; Speed; Tractor trailer combinations; Trailers; Truck tractors; Velocity
- Old TRIS Terms: Aerodynamic configurations
- Subject Areas: Energy; Highways; Motor Carriers; Pavements; Safety and Human Factors;
- Accession Number: 00137310
- Record Type: Publication
- Source Agency: National Technical Information Service
- Report/Paper Numbers: DOT-TSC-OST-76-13 Final Rpt.
- Contract Numbers: DOT/TSC-RA-74-31
- Files: TRIS
- Created Date: Sep 16 1977 12:00AM


text:
By Susan Milius, Science News
After so many sad tales of invasive species overwhelming hapless natives, scientists have found a native toad in Indonesia that's fighting back.
The common Sulawesi toad turns out to be a prodigious eater of ants, even aggressive invading ones, says Thomas C. Wanger of the University of Göttingen in Germany and the University of Adelaide in Australia. On the island of Sulawesi, the Ingerophrynus celebensis toads readily feast on yellow crazy ants, which are colonizing the island as well as other tropical locations.
Yellow crazy ants get their name from their color and their zigzag scurrying, and they have crowded out native ants and disrupted ecosystems elsewhere. The invaders meet any foe aggressively, releasing noxious chemicals during battle. The Sulawesi toads eat them nonetheless, Wanger says.
During a week of toad abundance on Sulawesi farms, tests plots hopping with toads had as little as one-third of the invasive ant populations found on plots where fencing kept toads out, Wanger and his colleagues report in a paper released online the week of September 6 in Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
The paper could be a first in suggesting that a native toad might control populations of invasive ants, says ecologist Stacy M. Philpott of the University of Toledo in Ohio. "It is a really neat finding," she says.
Wanger and his colleagues established that the toads disproportionately prey on ants, based on the toads' fecal samples. "You wouldn't believe how smelly these things are," he says. The samples revealed that some kind of ant accounted for three-quarters of the diet of the toads storming through the test region, even though ants didn't represent a large proportion of the arthropods there. Native ants presumably have long coexisted on the island with the toads, but populations of invaders may be taking a hit, the researchers suggest.
The test plots lay in cacao plantations, and the researchers speculate that the toads' taste for ants may turn out to be a boon for cacao pest control. About every three months, the toads leave their usual forest home and surge through the cacao plantations to breed in the water of neighboring rice fields.
Toads feasting on yellow crazy ants may help keep the invaders from crowding out the native ants in cacao plantations. Other researchers have shown that a rich diversity of native ants helps keep cacao pests and diseases in check.
The study's suggestion that the Sulawesi toads ultimately help control pests in the cacao plantations is plausible, Philpott says. She and a colleague have surveyed the scientific literature on how the diversity of ants can affect diseases and pests in coffee and cacao plantations. One kind of native ant preys on insects that leave sticky lesions on cacao pods, for example, and fewer sticky spots means the pods attract fewer visits from flies tainted with a pathogen causing pod rot.
Making a case for toads as protectors of cacao might rouse new enthusiasm for protecting native amphibians, as Sulawesi residents have similar priorities to those in agricultural communities the world over. "They are not really interested in biodiversity conservation but in economic questions," Wanger says.
A scientist who has studied the ecological damage from crazy ants, Dennis O'Dowd of Monash University in Melbourne, Australia, notes that the researchers now need to investigate the other links in their hypothesis, such as whether the toads' periodic gorging on yellow crazy ants has a lasting effect on ant populations.
Nonetheless, he says, "I certainly like the sentiments in the paper, and I'm all for conservation of native amphibians."
Follow U.S. News Science on Twitter.


text:
|Water Strider - Gerris spp.|
Family: Gerridae (Leach, 1815) -- water striders / Genus: Gerris (Fabricius, 1794)
Live adult water striders photographed in the wild on Sawmill Creek at Darien, Illinois, USA.
Insects & Spiders | Bugs Main | Bugs Index | Assassin Bugs | Plant Bugs | Ambush Bugs
Water strider, wingless - about 10mm
Water striders' legs are covered with microsetae, microscopic hairs that trap tiny bubbles of air, allowing them to float on top of the water.
Water striders are predacious and carnivorous. The front legs have become shortened and adapted to catching and holding prey while the bug sucks out internal juices (fig.1). The middle set of legs are used like oars to propel the bug through the water, and the hind legs are used for steering.
Water striders can vary in length from 1.6 mm to 36 mm. Their body shape ranges from slender and elongate to almost completely round. Similar to other bug groups (such as Pyrrhocoridae), the development of wings can vary significantly within the same population. Most of the individuals in a community are wingless, but a few develop fully formed flying wings which are used in moving to distant locations and establishing new breeding populations.
|Helpful: You can hear the pronunciation of many scientific and taxonomic terms at howjsay.com|
Hemiptera was first recognized by Linnaeus in the Systema Naturae of 1758.
True Bugs species number almost 5,000 in North America, and 40,000 worldwide. Bugs have hypodermic needle-like mouthparts that allow them to extract fluids from plants and animals. Hemiptera Index
Suborder Auchenorrhyncha - Cicadas & Planthoppers
Suborder Sternorrhyncha - Aphids, scales, mealybugs, jumping plant lice


text:
A Process Control Component You Want to Fail: The Rupture Disc
These sacrificial parts are designed to burst when pressure within production equipment exceeds a certain threshold by breaking down, stopping the process to prevent or mitigate hazardous events. Rupture discs are critical instruments utilized so that companies can ensure process safety as set forth by the International Safety Standards (IEC 61508/61511).
Rupture discs prove most effective when they fail according to pre-established specifications. Inferior rupture discs often cause unnecessary and expensive production shutdowns due to the lack of quality testing and expertise in manufacturing.
Rupture discs are commonly used in chemical, petrochemical, nuclear, aerospace, medical, railroad, pharmaceutical, food processing and gas & oil applications. They provide primary or backup protection. Very often rupture discs are used in tandem with safety relief valves, protecting them from the process media and extending the life of the relief valve.


Canada Visitor?
Potassium Hydroxide KOH Caustic Potash | 2 lbs
Potassium Hydroxide, Caustic Potash (KOH) High Quality Flakes, Food Grade & Kosher from North America
What is Potassium Hydroxide?
Potassium hydroxide is an inorganic compound, commonly called by its chemical formula designation KOH or caustic potash. Along with sodium hydroxide, this colorless solid is a prototypical strong base. It has many industrial and niche applications, most of which exploit its corrosive nature and its reactivity toward acids.
Can Potassium Hydroxide be used for soaps?
The saponification of fats with KOH is used to prepare "potassium soaps," which are softer than the more common sodium hydroxide-derived soaps. Because of their softness and greater solubility, potassium soaps require less water to liquefy, and can contain more cleaning agent than liquefied sodium soaps.
Is this Potassium hydroxide allowed for food and electronic manufacturing?
Yes in food products, potassium hydroxide acts as a food thickener, pH control agent and food stabilizer. KOH is also used for semiconductor chip fabrication.
Is Ingredient Depot's Potassium Hydroxide Kosher certified?
Yes, our Potassium hydroxide is Kosher tested and certified from our manufacturer.
In what country is this KOH manufactured?
Our Potassium Hydroxide is manufactured in North America.
➜ Certificate of Analysis


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Sewage Testing After Clean Up
sewage testing, e. coli
A unique service that we offer is sewage testing after clean-up. This type of testing can be helpful when there was a sewage backup and it is unclear if the clean-up was successful. In this blog post, I will provide some background information on sewage testing.
Disinfecting Is Not Enough
When there is a sewage backup, disinfecting surfaces is not the only step that should be taken. Disinfectants will state that they must be used on a cleaned surface, so cleaning should be the first step of the process. But not every surface can even be cleaned and disinfected. Porous materials such as drywall and paper materials that were impacted by the sewage should be discarded rather than treated.
Cleaning any areas that were impacted means physically removing any matter and stains from the areas affected. Cleaning affected surfaces can be compared to washing your hands. When you wash your hands you are using soap and water to remove dirt, grease, and other visible signs of uncleanliness. Disinfecting, on the other hand, is more similar to using hand sanitizer. Hand sanitizer does not remove physical signs of dirt and grease but it does help kill pathogens that may be present. Just as you would advise a kid to first wash his hands after playing in mud, it is important to first clean hard surfaces before disinfecting them.
Traditional Sewage Testing
How do you know if the cleaning and disinfecting worked? There are a few different methods for evaluating surfaces following a sewage cleanup.
The traditional method used by laboratories is to screen for the presence of indicator organisms such as the total coliform, fecal coliform, E. coli, and fecal streptococcus. This type of testing checks for viable (living) bacteria. Unfortunately, many bacteria are anaerobic, meaning that they thrive in an oxygen-free environment and cannot survive in the presence of normal air. The longer anaerobic bacteria are out in the open, the higher the likelihood that they will die. This means that the longer you wait to take a sample the less likely this type of testing will show the presence of bacteria. The results from this type of testing can show that there are no viable bacteria present but it would not show any dead bacteria that may still be present on affected surfaces.
Should you even be concerned about dead bacteria? Even when some bacteria are non-viable they can still be dangerous. Some dead bacteria can be hazardous to human health because they can have endotoxins. Endotoxins are found in the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. When airborne, endotoxins can cause chest tightness, cough, shortness of breath, fever, and wheezing among other health effects1.
DNA Testing
Due to the shortcomings of traditional viable testing, we often use DNA testing to determine if a sewage cleanup was successful. This analysis method is very sensitive and can detect both viable and non-viable bacteria on surfaces making it a better option to test an area after a sewage cleanup. This type of DNA testing analyzes swab samples using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). With PCR testing, the presence of a specific type of bacteria DNA is chosen. Bacteroides DNA is used as an indicator for the presence of fecal bacteria. Bacteroides DNA is used because it is one of the most prevalent types of bacteria found in the gut of humans2. Although Bacteroides is anaerobic, it serves as a good indicator for the presence of other types of bacteria. DNA testing is a helpful tool to use because dead bacteria is still detectable even after disinfection.
A sewage back-up or spill is messy, gross, and potentially dangerous. Cleaning and disinfecting the affected areas is essential, but ensuring that the clean-up was successful is also a critical part of the clean-up process. At Indoor Science, we offer swab testing for Bacteroides post cleaning to ensure that potentially dangerous bacteria (dead or alive) are no longer present in your property.
 1. Olenchock S.A. Airborne Endotoxin. In Manual of Environmental Microbiology, 1st Ed.; Hurst, C. J.; Crawford, R.L.; Garland, J.L.; Lipson, D.A.; Mills, A.L. Eds.; ASM Press: Washington D.C., 1997; 661-665.
 2. Wang, R.F.; Cao, W.W.; Cerniglia, C.E. PCR detection and quantitation of predominant anaerobic bacteria in human and animal fecal samples. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996, 62(4), 1242–1247.
Joel Silva
Joel Silva
Joel Silva is a Project Manager that performs indoor air quality assessments with a specialty in mold and bacteria. Mr. Silva holds a Bachelors of Science degree in Biology from Aurora University and he is a Certified Indoor Environmentalist (CIE) which is a certification from the ACAC. Prior to working at Indoor Science, Joel did microbiology work in the quality assurance department for a food manufacturer. During school, he also interned for the Chicago Department of Public Health. In his words... "As a child, I had an interest in science specifically in the biology of the natural world. Besides working for Indoor Science, I enjoy running outdoors, competing in races, lifting weights, practicing yoga, reading, and visiting breweries all over the country."
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Understanding Dredging
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Mussel power: potential of nature-based biogenic reefs
coastal protection, biogenic reefs, ecosystems
CIN 04062021 coastbusters // coastbusters_aug_2019_-_copyright_vliz_sven_van_haelst_10.jpg (146 K)
A bivalve reef developed as part of the Coastbusters project. Photo Credit: VLIZ Sven Van Haelst
A public-private consortium pioneering the use of ecosystem-based solutions for coastal management took an exciting step forward last month (May) when 'bio-facilitating' offshore anchors, interconnected with buoys, were installed off the Belgian coast. These buoys will create a breeding structure for mussels that will eventually form a biogenic mussel reef to protect local coastline.
The Coastbusters consortium has since 2016 been exploring the use of ecosystem-based reefs as an alternative to traditional coastal flood protection and defence infrastructure such as concrete sea walls or rock breakwaters.
Dredging companies DEME and Jan De Nul are two of six consortium members involved in the project, the first stage of which was completed in April 2020. Other consortium members are ILVO, eCoast, Sioen, and VLIZ.
Over the four-year research and development period, the consortium carried out pilot field tests on three reef options – marine flora reefs (seaweed, seagrass), lanice reefs (sand mason worms), and bivalve reefs (mussels). In the Coastbusters 2020 report it was revealed that as a basic concept the bivalve reef - using traditional aquaculture techniques as an engineering tool to facilitate mussel growing - had the highest sustainable potential. A second project was launched to further explore its possibilities.
Tomas Sterckx from DEME is the Coastbusters project manager and he told CEDA Industry News that mussels are being used to kickstart a bivalve reef. This biogenic reef will attract other species and eventually form a strong and resilient structure enhancing overall coastal biodiversity. He explained that mussels on the longlines, such as have been recently installed on the Belgian Coast, will when fully grown fall to the sea floor. The discrete mussel patches will attract other sea (bottom) fauna and flora to form a biogenic reef that is "alive and able to withstand extreme storms," said Sterckx. In the meantime (as a further operational upscaling towards full-scale applications), the Coastbusters team has installed a new single mooring technique for biogenic reef build-up it calls the 'mussel shaker'.
Sterckx sees the advantages of bivalve reefs as two-fold: not only will such reefs protect coastlines from sea conditions and increasingly harsh storms, but they will also rehabilitate ecosystems that have been lost. "The North Sea used to be full of reefs," he said, "but due to intense human activities (such as trawling and fishing) they have all gone".
There are drawbacks to the bivalve reef concept, for example a lot of space is required to allow an ecosystem large enough to manage a resilient coastline, and different water depths and sea conditions will present different challenges when developing and maintaining reefs.
But the Coastbusters philosophy is garnering interest, going beyond research and development stages, up to sustainable alternatives to manage coastal regions and limit erosion in a more resilient and nature based way. Sterckx is confident that its low-cost and ecosystem-friendly credentials will make it an attractive choice for future coastal management projects going forward.


Network Working Group Jim Hansen
Request for Comment #401 Center for Advanced
NIC #11923 Computation
Category: D.6 University of Illinois
Updates: RFC #387 October 23, 1972
Obsoletes: None
 Conversion of NGP-0 Coordinates to Device
 Specific Coordinates
Conversion of NGP-0 coordinates to floating point PDP-10 coordinates
was discussed in RFC #387. In general, however, it is undesirable to
convert NGP coordinates to floating point coordinates because real
devices require integer addressing. To this end, a means is described
to convert NGP coordinates to integer coordinates in the range zero
to M, where M is the maximum address of the device screen on a machine
using 2's complement arithmetic. It would not, however, be difficult
to modify this algorithm to operate on machines using one's complement
or sign-magnitude arithmetic.
First consider the NGP coordinate format:
 | | n |
 s ^ FRACTION
Where the sign occupies the most significant bit of the coordinate
followed by bits of numerical information (initial implementation of
NGP requires N=15). Negative numbers are represented by 2's
complement. Conversion to device coordinates is accomplished by:
 D = S * f + S
Where D =>integer device coordinate
 S =>scaling factor (typically M/2)
 f =>NGP fractional coordinate
Let us rewrite this as:
 n n
 D = S*(2 *f)/2 +S
 [Page 1]
Now factor S into two terms:
 S= Q * 2
Where Q is an odd integer and I is an integer.
When: I n n
 D = Q * 2 *(2 *f)/2 +S
 I-n n
 = Q * 2 *(2 *f) +S
The factor (2 *f) is represented in 2's complement form simply by
extending the sign bit of f into the upper portion of the computer
word, If Q = 1 (as it would be with many devices), it can be ignored.
If Q >< 1, we may console ourselves that an integer multiply is faster
on most machines than a floating point multiply. In fact, on a
PDP-10, this multiply can usually be performed with no access to
memory since Q is usually small.
We are now left with the 2 factor. This can be accomplished with an
arithmetic shift left by (I-n) or an arithmetic shift right by (n-I)
as is appropriate. The offset factor, S, may now be added using an
integer add.
The procedure for converting NGP coordinates to integer device
coordinates is then:
 1. move coordinate to a register and extend sign
 2. integer multiply by Q (if necessary)
 3. arithmetic shift left by (I-n)
 4. integer add S
This procedure would generally be much faster than:
 1. move coordinate to register and extend sign
 2. float fractional coordinate
 3. floating point multiply
 4. floating point add
 5. conversion to fixed point
 [ This RFC was put into machine readable form for entry ]
 [ direction of Alex McKenzie. 1/97 ]
 [Page 2]


text:
Submitted to: Sugar Tech
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: November 1, 2011
Publication Date: N/A
Interpretive Summary: The paper summarizes the current status of managing diseases in sugarcane, forecasts changes that are accruing due to population increases, social changes and agronomic practices, probable technological advancements and their affect on diseases and their management. All trends predict increased demand for sugar for food and sugarcane as both a food and bio-fuel crop. Almost all countries with the possible exception of Brazil have reached their maximum acreage that can be used for growing sugarcane. Increased yields will have to come as a result of increased inputs such as fertilizers and increased irrigation and the development of cultivars with higher yield potentials. Although higher yield potentials have been obtained by many countries with active sugarcane breeding and cultivar development programs the rate of progress has slowed n these mature industries. Thus, higher yield potential will be the most challenging.
Technical Abstract: Sugarcane pathology and disease control practices are changing due to social, economic and technological events. Sugarcane is becoming more important economically because of the increasing price and demand for sugar and its use for bio-energy. These pressures make the control of diseases more important. Disease diagnosis has advanced where molecular PCR and RT-PCR are routine in most major sugarcane research institutes. In the future these assays will become even more commonplace. Development of resistant cultivars will continue via traditional breeding but cultivar development programs will be assisted by new technology. All the pressures will result in more rapid changes in cultivars to maximize sugarcane yields.


Global In-Memory Computing Market Size and Growth Forecast 2026
Global In-Memory Computing Market
Mar 2019| VMF144A| Verified Market Research
Report Highlights
Global In-Memory Computing Market By Component, By Organization Size, By Vertical, By Geography And Forecast
According to Verified Market Research, the market for In-Memory Computing Market was valued at USD 8.99 Billion in 2018 and is projected to reach USD 31.06 Billion by 2026 over the forecast period at a CAGR of 16.68%.
In-Memory Computing (IMC) can be defined as the storage of data in the main RAM (Random Access Memory) of the server, in contrast to complicated relational databases that are operating on slow disk drives. In-Memory Computing facilitates users to analyze massive data volumes at quicker and overall reduce the latency of storage. In-Memory Computing affects several processes such as integration, enabling faster decision making, and cost reduction. Thereby allowing for leveraging big data possible. In-Memory Computing essentially refers to moving data which has traditionally been stored on hard discs into main memory. By storing the data in the main memory, the latency of processing is reduced dramatically.
It can be seen that the market for In-Memory Computing is growing with various verticals adopting its use. Specifically, verticals such as BFSI, retail, and healthcare contribute a large percentage of the overall In-Memory Computing market. The incorporation of in-memory computing in these verticals allows for the overall decrease in the dormancy of the individual sectors. In-memory computing helps business customers, including retailers, banks and utilities, to quickly detect patterns, analyze massive data volumes on the fly, and perform their operations quickly. The "In-Memory Computing Market" study report will provide a valuable insight with an emphasis on global market including some of the major players such as Altibase, SAP SE, IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, etc.
There are various factors that are benefitting the growth of the In-Memory Computing Market. These factors include the exponential growth of big data and the improved performance of the analysis. Another factor that is positively affecting the In-Memory Computing market is the reduction in the cost of RAM in the market. Restraining factors to the growth of the overall In-Memory Computing Market is the volatility of data and the concerns regarding the security of the data.
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Public Release: 'Clean' your memory to pick a winner
University College London
Dr Bradley Love (UCL Department of Cognition, Perception and Brain Sciences), lead author of study, said: "Providing people with idealized situations, as opposed to actual outcomes, 'cleans' their memory and provides a stock of good quality evidence for the brain to use."
In the study, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers programmed computers to use all available statistics to form a decision - making them more likely to predict the correct outcome. By using all data from previous sports leagues, the computer's predictions always reflected the most likely outcome.
The scenarios consisted of games between two Major League baseball teams. Participants had to predict which team would win and were told if their prediction was correct. Those in the 'actual' group we told the true outcome of the game and those in the 'ideal' group were given fictional results.
Participants in the experiment were tested by being asked to predict the outcomes for the rest of the matches played in the league, but they were not given feedback on their performance. Even though the 'ideal' group had been given incorrect data during training, they were significantly better at predicting the winner.
Dr Love explained: "Unlike machine systems, people's decisions are messy because they rely on whatever memories are retrieved by chance. One consequence is that people perform better when the training situation is idealised - a useful fiction that fits are cognitive limitations."
Participants' prediction abilities were compared to computer models that were either optimised for prediction or modelled on human brains. After ideal outcome training, the study showed that 'ideal' subjects had greatly enhanced their skills and were comparable with the optimised model when predicting baseball game outcomes.
Notes for Editors
1. For more information or to speak to Dr Bradley Love, please contact Clare Ryan in the UCL Media Relations Office on tel: +44 (0)20 3108 3846, mobile: +44 07747 556 056, out of hours +44 (0)7917 271 364,
2. 'Limits in decision making arise from limits in memory retrieval' is published online today in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. For copies of the paper please contact UCL Media Relations.
About UCL (University College London)


text:
Join us in Copenhagen on June 20 for a gathering of the Data Natives Big Data Copenhagen Meetup. GridGain's Yuriy Babak will deliver a talk titled, "Distributed Machine and Deep Learning at Scale with Apache Ignite."
"With most machine learning and deep learning frameworks, it can take hours to move data for ETL, and hours to train models, Yuriy explained. "It's also hard to scale with data sets increasingly being larger than the capacity of any single server. The amount of the data also makes it hard to incrementally test and retrain models in near real-time."
"ETL" stands for "extract, transform and load." These three database functions are combined into one tool to pull data out of one database and place it into another database. Extract is the process of reading data from a database. In this stage, the data is collected, often from multiple and different types of sources. Transform is the process of converting the extracted data from its previous form into the form it needs to be in so that it can be placed into another database. Transformation occurs by using rules or lookup tables or by combining the data with other data. Load is the process of writing the data into the target database.
During his talk, attendees will learn how Apache® Ignite™ and GridGain® help to address limitations like ETL costs, scaling issues and Time-To-Market for the new models and help achieve near-real-time, continuous learning. [Yuri Babak, the head of ML/DL framework development at GridGain and Apache Ignite committer,] will explain how ML/DL work with Apache Ignite, and how to get started.
Yuriy's talk will include:
* Overview of distributed ML/DL including architecture, implementation, usage patterns, pros and cons
* Overview of Apache Ignite ML/DL, including built-in ML/DL algorithmes, and how to implement your own
* Model inference with Apache Ignite, including how to train models with other libraries, like Apache Spark, and deploy them in Ignite
* How Apache Ignite and TensorFlow can be used together to build distributed DL model training and inference
This is a free event but please RSVP to guarantee your spot because space will be limited.


text:
You can use the diff3 command to look at differences between three files. Here are three sample files:
For each set of differences, diff3 displays a row of equal signs (====) followed by 1, 2, or 3, indicating which file is different; if no number is specified, then all three files differ. Then, using ed-like notation, the differences are described for each file.
With the output of diff3, it is easy to keep track of which file is which; however, the prescription given is a little harder to decipher. To bring these files into agreement, the first range of text (after ====3) shows that you would have to add apples at the beginning of the third file (3:0a). The second range tells you to change line 3 of the second file to line 3 of the first file; and change lines 2 and 3 of the third file, effectively dropping the last line.
The diff3 command also has a -e option for creating an editing script for ed. It doesn't work quite the way you might think. Basically, it identifies the changes made to test2 to produce test3 and writes as a script to apply to test1.
If you reverse the second and third files, a different script is produced:
As you might guess, this is basically the same output as doing a diff on the first and second files.
More Unix Power Tools
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The matrices of malevolent ideologies: Blacks and Jews
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
2 Scopus citations
This essay aims to shed some light on the perennial tensions between Blacks and Jews in the United States. Beginning with a brief account of both racism and anti-semitism, I argue that both groups have embraced, if only unwittingly, negative stereotypes concerning the other. I then suggest an innocent confusion that came about during the Civil Rights movement. Finally, I stress the fact that each group must recognize that its suffering, however egregious, does not thereby give it such substantial insight regarding the suffering of the other group that each can understand the other without listening to the other.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)107-134
Number of pages28
JournalSocial Identities
Issue number1
StatePublished - Feb 1996
ASJC Scopus subject areas
 - Sociology and Political Science
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text:
Georesources Management (B.Sc.)Copyright: IML RWTH Aachen
The geoscientific course of study "Georesources Management" provides beside scientific basics (mathematics, physics, chemistry), space-time connections of complex systems. It offers a unique feature with interdisciplinary training in economics and law. The course of study originates in geology and mineralogy and deals with resources and complex processes of the earth. Besides the sphere of activity, the course of study can be distinguished from "Applied Geography" by specific geoscientific content. On the contrary, the geoscientific content is even more distinct in the degree course "Applied Earth Sciences". The Masterīs degree programs "Georesource Management", "Applied Earth Sciences" and "Applied Geophysics" are non-consecutive courses in a bachelorīs degree in applied Earth Sciences or Georesource Management.


Building the Coherence Incubator Projects
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Coherence Incubator projects are shipped both as a pre-compiled jar as well as java source. The compilation and run-time of the Incubator projects only depends on a JDK version greater than 1.5 and Coherence greater than 3.5.3.
While you may use your preferred way of building the source, we have an example below showing how to build the source using Apache Ant.
Downloading Installing and Configuring Apache Ant
 1. Download the current version of Apache Ant (typically from here:
 2. Uncompress the downloaded file into a suitable folder (let's call this /your/path/to/ant)
 3. Set an environment variable called ANT_HOME in your system environment variables.
 1. For *nix bash-based shells (like Apple OS X), perform the following;
 2. Open ~/.profile with your favorite text editor.
 3. Add the following to the top of the file: export ANT_HOME=/your/path/to/ant
 4. Edit (or define) a PATH export to be as follows:
 5. export PATH=$ANT_HOME/bin:$PATH
 6. Save your.profile and exit your editor
 7. Execute the following shell command (in a Terminal Window) to re-read your new profile: source ~/.profile
 8. From a shell prompt (in a Terminal Window) you should now be able to execute the following command (from any path) to determine the version of Ant you have just installed: ant -version
Configuring Eclipse to use the Apache Ant installation
If you're using Eclipse (or another IDE) it's recommended that you upgrade it to use the latest Apache Ant release you've just installed. Here's how:
 1. Open Eclipse
 2. Open the Preference Window
 1. On *nix-based releases of Eclipse (including Apple OS X), choose the Eclipse > Preferences menu.
 2. On Windows-based releases of Eclipse, choose the Window > Preferences menu.
 3. Choose Ant > Runtime
 4. Press the "Ant Home..." button
 5. Choose the location of /your/path/to/ant
Building the Incubator projects
Below you will find an ant script that you can use to build the Incubator projects.
 1. Download and unzip the
 2. In the directory where you unzipped, create a directory named "dependencies"
 3. Copy coherence.jar from your Coherence application to the dependencies library
 4. Copy the below ant script to an ant file: custom-build.xml
 5. On the command line, run ant -f custom-build.xml
 6. In the newly created.build directory you will find the compiled jar
If the Incubator project depends on another Incubator project, you will have to build that first, and copy that jar to the dependencies directory. See Home for a view of all dependencies.
In the ant script below, the jar will be named after the project name, please rename the to get a differently named jar.
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text:
Type of Article:
The Transportation Library has acquired Train Wreck: The Forensics of Rail Disasters, by George Bibel. Here is a description of the book from the publisher's Web site:
Trains are massive--with some weighing 15,000 tons or more. When these metal monsters collide or go off the rails, their destructive power becomes clear. In this book, George Bibel presents riveting tales of trains gone wrong, the detective work of finding out why, and the safety improvements that were born of tragedy.
Train Wreck details 17 crashes in which more than 200 people were killed. Readers follow investigators as they sift through the rubble and work with computerized event recorders to figure out what happened. Using a mix of eyewitness accounts and scientific explanations, Bibel draws us into a world of forensics and human drama.
Train Wreck is a fascinating exploration of
- runaway trains
- bearing failures
- metal fatigue
- crash testing
- collision dynamics
- bad rails