Has someone blocked my phone number on their iPhone? I keep ringing and texting but I can't get through. Is there any way to tell who has blocked me?
Has your phone number been blocked by an iPhone using the call-blocking feature introduced in iOS 7 and retained in iOS 8? In this article we explain the telltale signs that you've been blocked by an iPhone: the way your phone behaves as you (unsuccessfully) try to get through, what response you'll get as you call, text and attempt to leave a message, the giveaway number of rings before you're diverted to voicemail and so on. We'll help you work out if someone has (for whatever reason) blocked your number on their iPhone.
We've also got links to articles that explain how to bypass the iOS call block if you feel compelled to do so (although there are serious ethical and potentially even legal implications that we would ask you to consider - this is for emergency situations only), and how to block nuisance numbers on your own iPhone.
Read next: How to block and report iMessage spam
Who blocked my number? How can I tell if I've been blocked by an iPhone?
What is iOS call blocking? It's a brilliant feature, and exactly what it sounds like.
One of the simplest but most convenient new features added in iOS 7 - 2013's updated version of Apple's operating system software for iPad, iPhone and iPod touch - was the ability to easily block the phone numbers of nuisance callers. (We explain how this works in 'How to block a number on any iPhone'.) You can also block numbers in iOS 8, 2014's follow-up to iOS 7 - and in iOS 9 too for that matter.
This is great news for those who are plagued by calls from persistent telephone sales reps. But what if you're the one getting blocked? How can you tell if someone has blocked you on their iOS 7, iOS 8 or iOS 9 iPhone?
The simple answer is that you can't easily find out for certain; but if you check for the telltale signs you can get a good idea of what's going on. We blocked one of our spare phones to find out exactly what it's like to be blocked - the number of times a call will ring before being declined or sent to voicemail, the response when sending a text - to help us work out when we've been blocked in the future.
If you'd rather watch our experiment than read about it, by the way, have a look at the video of the top of the article. We first show how to block someone in iOS 8/iOS 7, and then demonstrate what effect that has on the blocked phone, so you can learn the telltale signs.
Have I been blocked? How to tell if an iPhone has blocked you
Read next: iPhone 6s review | iPhone 6s Plus review | All iPhone reviews
Have I been blocked: What happens when you ring someone who's blocked your number on their iPhone?
We rang the iPhone that had blocked us. The phone rang exactly once, and then we were told that the number called wasn't available, diverted to voicemail and invited to leave a message. Note that the iPhone never received any notification that this message had been left.
(As an aside, even though the recipient gets no notification that a message has been received, they do get the message and can listen to it if they choose. If a blocked caller has left a voicemail, you can access it by going into your voicemail and scrolling down to find the 'blocked messages' folder, which will sit below the 'deleted messages' folder. Note that if you've not had any blocked messages the folder itself won't be visible. And there will be a delay between the person leaving the message and it appearing in the folder. Thanks to reader Kat for bringing this to our attention.)
How to tell if your number has been blocked
A single ring and then being diverted to voicemail is the giveaway behaviour you're looking for - but bear in mind that this can also result from the phone being switched off or set to auto divert.
To rule these out, you can immediately ring again from a different number, or disguise your number using the relevant code for your country (141 from a UK landline, for instance), or by switching off call ID in the settings if you're using an iPhone (Settings > Phone > Show My Caller ID, then switch it off).
Have I been blocked? How to hide your caller ID
This time your number won't be visible and any block on that number will be bypassed. If the phone really is switched off or set to divert, it will once again ring once and then go to voicemail. But if you were blocked, either the person will pick up, or it will ring a few times until you ring off or they turn down the call because there isn't a caller ID they recognise.
Have I been blocked? How to hide your caller ID
Thanks to our reader, posting below under the name 'This is true', for coming up with this trick.
Read more: We've rounded up links to all our iPhone tips and tutorials here: iPhone tips and tutorials, everything you need to know
Have I been blocked: And what happens if you text someone who's blocked you?
What about if you send a text to the 'blocker'?
We tried to send a text message to the phone that had blocked us. Everything proceeded as usual: the text sent, and we got no error message. But the'receiver' didn't get any message, or any notification.
When sent as an iMessage, the text gave us a 'Delivered' notification and remained blue - our blocked iPhone didn't attempt to send it as an SMS.
How to tell if someone has blocked your phone number on an iOS 7 iPhone
Have I been blocked: How to tell if someone has blocked your phone number
So. Other than the obvious clues - you never seem to be able to get through to someone, despite ringing at various times and checking that you've got the right number - the main giveaway is the way you get diverted to voicemail after exactly one ring. If your call is manually declined, or if they're just not available, then you'd expect the phone to ring several times before you're diverted.
If you're getting a single ring before being diverted to voicemail, and then when you try again with caller ID hidden you get a different response (multiple rings and then declined or diverted, or they pick up) then something is probably up.
Remember that just because you are allowed to leave a message - or because your text seemed to go through without any problems - that doesn't put you in the clear. The blocking process is quite sneaky about letting you (the caller) know what's happened.
As we said, though, there's no way to be certain this is what's happened, so be careful before you start throwing around accusations! And if any amateur sleuths out there work out a foolproof method of finding out if you've been blocked, let us know in the comments or via Twitter. Our thanks to the clever readers who've already contributed techniques for cracking the mystery.
How to tell if someone blocks your number on iOS 7
How to call someone anyway, even though they've blocked you
As discussed briefly above, it's possible to hide your caller ID (or use a code to stop it from being revealed) and thereby call someone who's blocked you. Software-level call blocks can only block numbers if they know what number is incoming - this is true across all smartphone software, and the only way to block someone who hides their caller ID is to contact your phone company.
If you are in an emergency, if you fell out with your parents but need to tell them that someone is gravely ill, or if there is some other exceptional circumstance that you feel justifies doing so, you can bypass a call block in this way, but please bear in mind that the recipient of the call may consider this behaviour to be harassment or stalking, and there could even be legal ramifications. This is not something that you should do lightly.
If you have taken all of these warnings on board, take a look at our tutorial showing How to call someone who has blocked you.
Get your own back: How to block a number using an iOS 7 or iOS 8 iPhone
This is all very upsetting, of course, but call-blocking is actually a very useful feature of iOS 7 and iOS 8. If you're getting calls from a persistent nuisance caller, then it's easy for you to make use of the feature yourself. And now you know what they'll be experiencing.
You can easily block a number from the Recent Calls menu. Check out the process in our tutorial 'How to block a number on any iPhone'.


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Convection described by Lorenz's Equation Bifurcation
 1. Sep 3, 2006 #1
 Hi all!
 I am currently reading the text "Practical Bifurcation and Stability Analysis" by Seyedel for an introduction to practical bifurcation theory.
 I do not tatolly understand the theory and hope that some of you could help explain to an idiot like me.
 I have read till P.80 of the books (I scanned a few pages, see below please).
 I would like to ask, in the bifurcation diagram, there is a hopf bifurcation at R=33.45. My intuition is that, there are periodic oscialltions from R=29 to 33.45, is it correct? But why would there be period obits at R=22.3, R=19 as given by below diagrams?
 I thought that at R=22.3 or 19, there are just stable and unstabl equilibria as indicated in the bifurcation diagram, why would there be periodic orbits?
 I am sure that something is wrong with my concepts, please kindly rectify me.
 Attached Files:
 2. jcsd
 3. Sep 3, 2006 #2
 User Avatar
 Staff Emeritus
 Science Advisor
 Stable and unstable equilibria will not result in Hopf bifurcation. You have to have periodic orbits of "cascading" periods in order to have that kind of chaotic bifurcation.
 4. Sep 3, 2006 #3
 Isn't a hopf birfurcation a birfurcation from a branch of equilibria to a branch of periodic oscillations? (periodoic oscillations = periodic orbits = closed trajectories?)
 Last edited: Sep 3, 2006
 5. Sep 3, 2006 #4
 I jstu interpret the bifurcatio diagram as follows:
 For R<29, there are only stable and unstable equilibria, no periodic orbits since the hopf bifurcation value is not reached yet.
 The hopf bifurcation exist when R=33.45 where periodoic orbits are born but STOP AT R=29???? (I know it is wrong...but what does the shaded area means?)
 Or it means for R<33.45, period orbits are born? That means there are periodoic orbits where all values of R on the left of the hopf bifurcation value? But why the curved dashed curve end around R= 29? I just don't get it...
 Please kindly help.
 6. Sep 13, 2006 #5
 User Avatar
 Steady states undergo Hopf bifurcations; steady states on the bifurcating branch then have an extra pair of complex conjugate eiegnvalues in the right-half of their stability plane.
 A branch of periodic solutions emanate from a Hopf bifurcation.
 Equilibria (staedy states) undergo Hopf bifurcations. The periodic orbit which emanates from this point may undergo a period-doubling cascade to chaos - though there are other routes
 In your second thumbnail, you have a subcritical Hopf bifurcation (criticality can be determined from the Jacobian or higher order terms of normal form in more complex systems). This results in an unstable periodic solution growing in the "backward" direction. Your steady state was initially stable (solid line) but becomes unstable after the bifurcaiton (dashed line).
 Fig.2.32 presumably shows this unstable periodic solution.
 In your last thumbnail, I don't have Seydel on me so can't look it up, but is that the branch of periodic solutions (shown in dots) cutting back on itself. In this figure, I don't think they indicate stability - 1. the steady state is shown as solid after the bifurcation (if it is steady state); 2. After such a cut-back, of periodic solutions emanating from a Hopf bifurcation, you would expect the periodic solutions to undergo a saddle-node bifurcation of limit cycles and acheive stability, of which I see no indication.
 Through in more details if you want - we don't get many bifurcation questions on here, well not enough!:smile:
 Last edited: Sep 13, 2006
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Wealth, mortality link baffles researchers
There's a downside to having a booming economy: mortality in older and middle-aged people rises as a country's prosperity increases, research finds.
A study of 19 developed countries found short-term mortality among both 70-74-year-olds and 40-44-year-olds rose as gross domestic product picked up.
The effect was stronger in men than women, according to the study, which spanned 1950 to 2008.
It included Australia, the US and UK.
"In times of economic turmoil and population


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"What is the stability of a vessel during lifting or other operations?" A very valid question. And one to which it is not always easy to give an answer. One of the reasons for that is that stability of vessels is generally taught on the basis of normal merchant vessels. This results in a GM value which is a measure for stability. So far, so good.
The trouble begins when something is lifted and the GM value needs to be corrected. For a simple, single crane lift this is still doable and well explained in many handbooks, but for anything else it gets complicated very quickly. Lifts with multiple cranes, multiple vessels, partially submerged, partially restrained; non-symmetric vessels; half-installed TLPs require a different approach.
The good news is: vessel stability is essentially very simple. It only becomes difficult when you start making assumptions to make things easier. So don't. In this post I want to share how to calculate hydrostatic stability using DAVE. With DAVE we can avoid the simplifications and calculate the correct stability in any situation directly from first principles:
Considering flat water and no wind, there are only two forces that act on a vessel: gravity (weight) and hydrostatic pressure (buoyancy). Buoyancy depends on the submerged shape of the vessel and changes when the vessel heels, pitches or changes draft. The weight distribution (center of gravity) may change as well due to slack tanks, loose cargo, suspended loads and others.
The remainder of this post is a refresher of traditional vessel stability and a demonstration of how to visualize and explore that with DAVE. It shows that using DAVE gives the results one would expect in situation that are still possible to calculate by hand.
The effects of suspended cargo in various forms will be subject of a next post.
Traditional vessel stability
A vessel is stable if a reasonably small displacement of the vessel results in a force that pushes the vessel back to its upright position.
The hydrostatic force (buoyancy) on the vessel is equal in magnitude to the weight of the displaced volume. The hydrostatic force acts in the centroid of the displaced volume. This point is called the Center of Buoyancy (CoB).
The combined effect of gravity on all parts of the vessel acts in the center of gravity and is equal to the weight of the vessel.
The buoyancy force is equal and opposite to the gravity force, the weight of the displaced water is equal to the weight of the vessel.
When the vessel rotates, the center of buoyancy shifts.
The shift of the center of buoyancy can be calculated using the metacenter. The metacenter is a point on the centerline of the vessel which stays right above the center of buoyancy as the vessel rotates. This is mathematical simplification rather than a physical point. And, as often, simplifications are accompanied by assumptions. In this case the assumptions are that the vessel hull is perfectly vertical at the waterline. This happens to be the case for a barge.
The position of the metacenter relative to the keel (KM) can be calculated from the
- vertical position of the cob (KB)
- displacement (disp)
- the second moment of the waterplane area (I)
KM = KB + BM (K = keel, B = vertical position of CoB, M = vertical position of Metacenter)
BM = I / disp
For a vessel with length of 40, width of 10 and a draft of 1.5 this becomes:
KB = 0.75 [m]
I = (1/12) x 40 x 10^3 [m4]
disp = 40 x 10 x 1.5 [m3]
BM = (1/12) x 10^2 / 1.5 = 5.56 [m]
KM = 6.31 [m]
Adding the Metacenter as a point and rotating the vessel we can visually confirm that the metacenter indeed stays above the CoB for roll angles up to about 30 degrees.
(Note that in DAVE the origin of the barge is defined at the center of rotation which is at the waterline, 1.5m above the keel)
For the vessel to be stable, it is required that the center of gravity of the vessel is lower than the metacenter. The vertical position of the center of gravity relative to the keel is denoted as KG. The vertical distance between the cog and the metacenter is denoted as GM. If KG is smaller than KM then GM is positive. Hence GM is a value for the initial stability of the vessel under the assumptions that the cog does not change position and that the hull of the vessel is vertical at the waterline.
Place the CoG at z=3 [m]
This means KG = 1.5 + 3 = 4.5 [m]
GM = 6.31 – 4.5 = 1.81m [m]
In DAVE we can add a rigid body to model the weight (mass) of the vessel.
Note: we could also have used a rigid-body to model the vessel (instead of an Axis). In that case we could have set the cog position and weight of the vessel directly.
Moving the CoG up to a position above the metacenter will make the vessel unstable.
Limits of linear theory
GM is an indication of the initial stability, so in theory it is only valid for infinitely small roll angles. What does that mean in practice? How can we calculate the range of positive stability?
With DAVE this is easy to explore. The first thing we can do is give the vessel a roll angle and look at what the CoG and CoB do. When we do that we can observe that once we exceed a roll angle of about 35~40 degrees of roll, the cog is further from the rotation point than the cob, a bad sign for the people on the vessel. For roll angles exceeding this value the overturning moment due to gravity becomes larger than the up-righting moment due to buoyancy and the vessel will capsize.
We can quantify this by looking at the total roll moment acting on the vessel. In DAVE this total moment can be obtained from the connection-moment between the vessel and the world. In this case a negative connection moment means that the vessel would be pushed back to upright position.
We can investigate this further by using the "explore" view. This view makes is possible to very one of the properties of the model over a range of values and to observe ("evaluate") one of the others.
- Driver: s['Vessel'].rx
- Observe: s['Vessel'].connection_moment_x
This shows the limit of stability to be about 37 degrees.
This can be narrowed down further using the goal-seek function in the same screen. This will give a value of 36.4 degrees (or zero, or -36.4, depending on the start position of the search)
As stability calculations are quite common, DAVE also includes a "STABILITY" screen to do just that. This screen produces the so called "GZ-curve" which is basically the horizontal distance between the working lines of the gravity and hydrostatic force.
For small angles GZ = GM * sin(angle). This means that slope at the beginning of the GZ curve is the GM value.
The GZ curve captures the change in shape of the displaced volume over a range of roll angles. So while the GM value only says something about the initial stability, the GZ curve provides information about the stability of the vessel over a range of roll angles.
Up till now we have explored the geometric features of the buoyancy shape and its effect on stability. Up till now we've assumed that the CoG was just that: a fixed point on the vessel.
Truth is: the CoG is never a fixed point. Even on normal vessels there are tanks with fluid (diesel tanks, swimming pools) which will flow to the lower side when the vessel rolls. This has a negative effect on the stability and is usually taken into account using an adjustment of the metacentric height.
Similar adjustments exist for suspended cargo. For a single crane suspended load this is still doable but for more complex arrangements the corrections become more difficult to calculate than simply doing to calc. And furtunately doing the calc is not hard at all!
Single suspended load
The traditional way of dealing with suspended loads is to realize that the load always stays vertically below the crane tip. This means that the load effectively is applied at the crane tip (following the same reasoning as with the metacenter and the cob).
Say the suspended load has a weight of 100 mT and the crane-tip is at an elevation of 14.5m. This yields a corrected CoG position of:
The KM value depends only on the buoyancy shape. This does not change, so the KM value remains the same at 6.31 m.
The GM value for a lift of 100mT thus becomes:
GM = KM – KG = 6.31 – 6.13 = 0.18 [m]
If we model this in DAVE then we get exactly the same result. However the way in which this result is obtained is completely different: DAVE simply solves full static equilibrium for each heel angle and then derives the equivalent GZ value from the total moment on the vessel. For those who can read python the actual code that performs this calculation is here: Link
The recipe that DAVE follows for these calculations is as follows:
- Step 0: connect the vessel to the world with a heel joint
- Step 1: impose heel angle by setting the

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Conservation of a twice 'Extinct' tree species in Tanzania
Erythrina schliebenii is a Critically Endangered tree species endemic to Tanzania. This charismatic species belongs to the genus of 'coral trees', which have beautiful red flowers and spiny trunks. E. schliebenii was only known from herbarium collections dating from 1934 and 1935 at Lake Lutamba in Lindi Rural District in southern coastal Tanzania. Following unsuccessful searches for the species in the area where these specimens were collected, and given the information that much of the area had been cleared for a cashew nut plantation, E. schliebenii was declared Extinct in The World List of Threatened Trees (Oldfield et al. 1998).
Following news that part of this area had then been cleared for a biofuel plantation in 2008, it was feared again that the species might well have been lost; however, it has since been confirmed as still present but is known only from this single locality with a population of only approximately twelve mature individuals, leading to its current status on the IUCN Red List as Critically Endangered.
Above: flowers of Erythrina schliebenii
Propagation material was successfully collected from E. schliebenii and five healthy seedlings have been cultivated by Mr. Lenin Festo, Grounds Officer at State House Ikulu in Dar es Salaam. These seedlings will be ceremonially planted in the grounds of State House and in Zanzibar on Union Day in 2014, to mark the 50th anniversary of the unification of Tanganyika and Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanzania. This event coincides with Arbor Day and will certainly be a day to celebrate the valuable conservation efforts of such an attractive species!
Mr. Festo, leading the ex-situ conservation efforts for this species, has recently been accepted to study the International Diploma in Botanic Garden Management at the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. BGCI would like to take this opportunity to congratulate Mr. Festo.
Above: Mr. Lenin Festo
Erythrina schliebenii conservation assessment on the IUCN Red List
More information about the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew International Diploma in Botanic Garden Management


text:
1. Introduction to Energy-Efficient Buildings
Welcome to the world of energy-efficient buildings! As concerns about climate change and rising energy costs continue to grow, the need for buildings that minimize energy consumption has become increasingly important. Energy-efficient buildings not only help reduce carbon emissions but also save on electricity bills. In this article, we will explore the concept of optimizing electric generator capacity in energy-efficient buildings and how it can contribute to a greener and more cost-effective future.
2. Understanding Electric Generator Capacity and its Importance
2.1 What is Electric Generator Capacity?
Let's start with the basics. Electric generator capacity refers to the maximum amount of power that a generator can produce. It is typically measured in kilowatts (kW). When it comes to energy-efficient buildings, understanding the capacity of electric generators is crucial for ensuring optimal performance and avoiding any potential issues.
2.2 The Significance of Optimizing Electric Generator Capacity
Why bother optimizing electric generator capacity, you may ask? Well, the answer lies in efficiency. By optimizing the capacity, we can ensure that the generator is operating at its highest level of efficiency. This means that it is producing the right amount of power needed by the building without wasting energy. Optimizing the capacity can also prevent the generator from being overloaded, which can lead to breakdowns and increased maintenance costs.
3. Key Factors in Optimizing Electric Generator Capacity
3.1 Building Load Analysis
One of the key factors in optimizing electric generator capacity is conducting a thorough building load analysis. This involves evaluating the electrical requirements of the building and identifying the peak and average demands. By understanding the load profile, we can determine the appropriate generator capacity to meet the building's power needs without exceeding it unnecessarily.
3.2 Assessing Energy Consumption Patterns
Another important factor in optimizing electric generator capacity is assessing the energy consumption patterns of the building. By analyzing historical data and trends, we can identify periods of high and low energy usage. This information helps in determining the optimal capacity required to handle peak demand periods while avoiding overcapacity during periods of low consumption.
3.3 Determining Peak Demand
Peak demand refers to the maximum amount of electricity a building requires during a specific period, typically a day or a season. By accurately determining the peak demand, we can ensure that the generator capacity is appropriately sized to meet the highest power requirements. This avoids any potential power shortages during peak periods and prevents the need for additional backup generators.
4. The Role of Building Design in Maximizing Energy Efficiency
4.1 Integrating Energy-Efficient Design Principles
Building design plays a crucial role in maximizing energy efficiency. By incorporating energy-efficient design principles from the beginning, such as proper orientation, natural lighting, and shading, we can reduce the overall energy demand of the building. This, in turn, allows for a smaller generator capacity requirement, leading to cost savings and improved sustainability.
4.2 Importance of Insulation and Air Sealing
Insulation and air sealing are essential elements in energy-efficient building design. Good insulation helps maintain a stable indoor temperature, reducing the need for excessive heating or cooling. By minimizing air leaks through proper sealing, we can prevent energy loss, ensuring that the generator only needs to provide power for the actual required demand.
4.3 Efficient Lighting and HVAC Systems
Lastly, utilizing energy-efficient lighting and HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems significantly impacts energy consumption. By opting for LED lights and implementing smart lighting controls, we can reduce electricity usage. Similarly, using energy-efficient HVAC systems and improving their maintenance contribute to lowering the building's overall energy demand, resulting in a more optimized electric generator capacity.
In conclusion, optimizing electric generator capacity in energy-efficient buildings is a key component of reducing energy consumption and costs. By understanding the building's load requirements, assessing energy consumption patterns, and incorporating energy-efficient design principles, we can ensure that the generator operates at its highest efficiency and contributes to a greener future. So, let's embrace energy efficiency and make our buildings smarter, more efficient, and, dare we say, cooler!
5. Implementing Advanced Technologies for Optimum Electric Generator Capacity
5.1 Smart Building Automation Systems
When it comes to optimizing electric generator capacity in energy-efficient buildings, smart building automation systems are a game-changer. These intelligent systems utilize sensors, controls, and algorithms to monitor and optimize energy usage in real-time. They can adjust lighting, heating, cooling, and other building functions based on occupancy and environmental conditions, ensuring that energy is only consumed when needed. By integrating smart building automation systems, building owners can optimize electric generator capacity by reducing energy waste and achieving maximum efficiency.
5.2 Energy Management Systems
Energy management systems go hand in hand with smart building automation systems. These systems collect, analyze, and visualize real-time energy data, providing insights into energy consumption patterns and identifying areas for improvement. With energy management systems, building owners can gain a better understanding of their energy usage and make informed decisions to optimize electric generator capacity. By identifying energy-intensive equipment, detecting anomalies, and implementing energy-saving strategies, energy management systems contribute to efficient energy utilization and cost savings.
5.3 Microgrid Integration
Microgrid integration offers another opportunity for optimizing electric generator capacity in energy-efficient buildings. A microgrid is a localized power grid that can operate independently or in conjunction with the main electrical grid. By incorporating renewable energy sources like solar panels or wind turbines into the microgrid, building owners can reduce their reliance on the main grid and efficiently manage electric generator capacity. Microgrid integration enables buildings to generate their own electricity and store excess energy, reducing peak demand and optimizing generator capacity during high usage periods.
6. Strategies for Load Management and Demand Response
6.1 Load Shifting Techniques
Load shifting techniques involve adjusting the timing of energy-intensive activities to reduce peak demand and optimize electric generator capacity. For example, shifting the operation of equipment or appliances to off-peak hours when electricity demand is lower can help balance the load and avoid overburdening the electric generator. By implementing load shifting techniques, energy-efficient buildings can optimize their generator capacity and potentially reduce energy costs through time-of-use pricing.
6.2 Demand Response Programs
Demand response programs provide incentives for energy-efficient buildings to reduce their electricity consumption during periods of high demand. When the grid is stressed, these programs allow building owners to voluntarily curtail their electricity usage or switch to an alternative power source, such as their electric generator. By participating in demand response programs, buildings can help stabilize the grid, relieve strain on the electric generator, and potentially earn financial rewards for their contribution to the overall energy system.
6.3 Energy Storage Solutions
Energy storage solutions, such as batteries or flywheels, play a crucial role in load management and optimizing electric generator capacity. They allow excess energy to be stored during off-peak hours and discharged during periods of high demand, reducing the load on the electric generator. Energy storage solutions provide a reliable and efficient way to balance supply and demand, ensuring that electric generator capacity is utilized optimally and efficiently.
7. Case Studies and Success Stories in Energy-Efficient Buildings
In this section, we will explore real-world examples of energy-efficient buildings that have successfully implemented strategies to optimize electric generator capacity. From commercial buildings to residential complexes, these case studies will showcase the tangible benefits of embracing energy-efficient practices and technologies.
8. Conclusion and Future Outlook for Electric Generator Capacity Optimization
In conclusion, optimizing electric generator capacity in energy-efficient buildings requires a combination of advanced technologies, load management strategies, and the integration of renewable energy sources. By implementing smart building automation systems, energy management systems, and microgrid integration, building owners can make significant strides towards achieving maximum efficiency and reducing energy waste. Additionally, strategies such as load shifting, demand response programs, and energy storage solutions contribute to optimizing electric generator capacity and ensuring a sustainable energy future. As we continue to innovate and explore new possibilities in energy efficiency, the future looks bright for electric generator capacity optimization in energy-efficient buildings.
8. Conclusion and Future Outlook for Electric Generator Capacity Optimization
In conclusion, optimizing electric generator capacity is essential for energy-efficient buildings. By considering factors such as building load analysis, energy consumption patterns, and advanced technologies, building owners and operators can maximize the efficiency of their electric generator systems. Implementing strategies for load management and demand response further enhances energy efficiency. Moving forward, it is crucial to continue exploring innovative solutions and staying updated with emerging technologies to further improve electric generator capacity optimization in buildings. By doing so, we can contribute to a sustainable future while enjoying the benefits of reduced energy consumption and cost savings.
1. Why is optimizing electric generator capacity important for energy-efficient buildings?
Optimizing electric generator capacity ensures that the building's power supply meets the demand efficiently, avoiding unnecessary energy waste. By properly managing generator capacity, buildings can reduce their carbon footprint, lower energy costs, and enhance overall energy efficiency.
2. What factors should be considered in optimizing electric generator capacity?
Several factors play a role in optimizing electric generator capacity, including building load analysis, energy consumption patterns, and determining peak demand. Understanding these factors helps building owners and operators tailor their generator systems to meet the specific needs of the facility, minimizing energy waste and maximizing efficiency.
3. How can advanced technologies contribute to electric generator capacity optimization?
Advanced technologies, such as smart building automation systems, energy management systems, and microgrid integration, offer valuable tools for optimizing electric generator capacity. These technologies enable real-time monitoring, control, and automation, allowing for more precise management of energy consumption and load balancing, ultimately enhancing the efficiency of the electric generator system.
4. Are there any successful examples of energy-efficient buildings with optimized electric generator capacity?
Yes, there are numerous success stories of energy-efficient buildings that have effectively optimized their electric generator capacity. Case studies highlight the implementation of energy-efficient design principles, integration of advanced technologies, and the adoption of load management strategies, resulting in significant energy savings, reduced carbon emissions,


Soil Infusion
Soil Infusion is a complex high carbon product designed to build healthy soil and increasing the diversity of soil biology. These carbon compound wake up the soil as they provide readily available food for the beneficial soil biota. This interaction will result in better soil flocculation, increased root mass, disease suppression and more efficient water infiltration. Soil Infusion has a broad diversity with complex carbons, fish solubles, crab meal, worm castings, humates and polysaccharides. Our research observed a ten fold increase in native soil biology and 25% more available fertilizer nutrients in the root zone, apply soil drench or foliar.
Beneficial soil bacteria, microbes, amino acids, mycorrhizae, trichoderma and saprophytic fungi. Great way to build your soil food web.
*Application cost per acre $8.00 - $16.00
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Draft PH customs rule guides handling of stores aboard foreign air, sea...
Draft PH customs rule guides handling of stores aboard foreign air, sea craft
The Philippine Department of Finance (DOF) and Bureau of Customs (BOC) have released the draft administrative order that will implement the provisions of the Customs Modernization and Tariff Act (CMTA) on how to use different types of stores aboard international vessels and aircraft.
"Air stores" refer to items supplied for consumption or use on board an aircraft, such as supplies for crew and passengers, while "stores in vessel" are articles, especially foodstuff, that are for use or consumption only by the passengers and crew on board the vessel upon its voyage. "Ships' stores," meanwhile, consist of spare equipment such as chains, anchor, and the likes that are necessary to safely navigate the ship.
Position papers on the draft CAO are accepted until April 20, the same day as the holding of a public hearing.
The draft CAO, which is subject to public scrutiny, will cover stores—whether sold or not—for use or consumption by passengers and crew on board vessels or aircraft engaged in foreign trade.
It also covers stores carried by vessels or aircraft that will dock or land at one or more ports or airports in customs territory, to be used or consumed on board during the stay of these transport craft at these intermediate ports or airports and during their voyage or flight between such ports or airports.
Its scope includes stores for sale to the passengers and the crew of vessels or aircraft with a view to being landed, which are either on board upon arrival or are taken on board during the stay in the customs territory of vessels or aircraft.
Lastly, it covers supplies needed by the vessels or aircraft on their voyage or flight out of the Philippines, including those goods transferred from a customs facility warehouse to the aircraft.
The draft CAO states that BOC requires the submission of a Stores List of inflight commissary items, including duty-free bonded items, that are arriving at the customs territory. Upon departure, no separate declaration concerning stores is required from the vessels or aircraft.
Inflight duty-free items and catering supplies and equipment delivered to the aircraft from a bonded warehouse are to be covered by the Stores List.
BOC will devise a uniform Stores List that must be accomplished and signed by the shipping lines and airlines, and submitted to the customs officer once the vessel or aircraft arrives or leaves.
The draft notes that importations of stores arriving at the Customs territory will be exempt from duties and taxes, subject to certain circumstances.
For international aircraft that intends to land at one or more airports in each port of entry, BOC will establish procedures for the transport and delivery of stores needed during the stay of the aircraft at such intermediate airports and during its flight between such airports.
Stores will not be have to go through physical examination by BOC except if there is derogatory information or alert order issued against them by the commissioner or authorized customs officer. BOC will be applying risk management principles when conducting a physical examination of stores.
Image courtesy of khunaspix at FreeDigitalPhotos.net
7 + 7 =


Conducting a Temperature Reading
Negative mindsets and instances are so easy to fall into, and it can be difficult to see the positive in things. By using the "temperature reading" technique, a completely attitude and outlook turnaround time can be achieved in very little time. Learn this easy method for improving your mindset.
Software projects can be chaotic and stressful. A temperature reading is a simple yet powerful method to help your team achieve, maintain, or regain a positive mindset.
During the hectic workday, software professionals can easily fall into a pattern of noticing and reacting to what has gone wrong, while missing or ignoring all that has gone well. If you'd like your team to achieve, maintain, or regain a positive mindset, consider running periodic temperature readings.
A temperature reading is a powerful, yet simple, tool created by Virginia Satir, a family therapist whose models and tools are being used with great success in software organizations. This tool can help teams reduce tensions, solidify connections, and surface important information, ideas, and feelings-enabling team members to interact more constructively and productively. For teams that work together under demanding or deadline-driven circumstances, it's a superb technique to use at project milestones or during team meetings.
Best of all, you don't need a hefty manual, a three-day class, or an outside consultant in order to learn how to run a temperature reading. Simply follow these guidelines:
Setting the Stage
A temperature reading consists of five segments, each one taking as much time as the group would like to spend on it. A full temperature reading takes from fifteen minutes to an hour or more, depending on the size of the group and its circumstances.
A facilitator guides the group through the temperature reading, ensuring that adequate time is allowed for each segment. Any member of the group can serve as facilitator. In some organizations, team members rotate the responsibility so that each can gain experience at it.
The Five Segments of a Temperature Reading
1. Appreciations. This first segment is the most important of the five. If time doesn't permit a full temperature reading, concentrate on appreciations and skip the rest.
In this segment, everyone who would like to can express an appreciation to one or more of the others. An appreciation can be for anything, whether critical to the project ("I appreciate you for helping me find that pesky bug.") or simply a kind gesture ("I appreciate you for bringing donuts to our meeting.")
An appreciation takes a specific form:
"I appreciate you because..."
"I appreciate you for..."
In other words, speak directly to the person ("I appreciate you"), rather than to the team about the person. This approach is very different from what I think of as "thankyouless" thank yous. For example, I once attended a company event where the software director invited each team member in turn to the front of the room. Then, instead of looking at the person and saying, "Tom, thank you for your work in analyzing requirements," he focused on the audience and said, "Tom's role was to analyze requirements." Don't follow that model; express your appreciation directly and personally.
If you aren't accustomed to giving appreciations, you may be surprised at how satisfying it is to do so. Seeing people light up in response to your recognition is an uplifting experience, as is the discovery that something you did was more important to others than you realized.
Of course, you needn't wait for a temperature reading to give an appreciation. There's no wrong time to acknowledge the support, guidance, or kindness of others. If we each do this once, and then again, and then again, others will soon start doing the same, and together we will be setting the stage for a more caring and productive workplace.
2. New Information. This segment is for information sharing. Often, members of a team have information that other team members may
About the author
AgileConnection is one of the growing communities of the TechWell network.


text: The MajorForms Signature Acknowledgment application allows the user to obtain and document the signature of a person using the smartphone or tablet. For example, if you are a delivery company and need to obtain a signature when something is delivered, you can use this application. The person receiving the delivery simply signs your smartphone or tablet. The application also allows the user to write a description of what the person is signing for. A photograph of the person signing can also be obtained along with pertinent other data such as the full name and address of the person signing. A timestamp and GPS location at the time of the signing are also recorded. The signature and other data can be synchronized to a secure server effectively backing up the data collected. The user can also view placemarks on a map showing where the signatures were collected. By clicking on any placemark, the data can be viewed including a picture and personal information related to the person signing. Our online reports allow the data to be grouped and analyzed and can be downloaded to a spreadsheet. If the data needs to be made public, the user can automatically create a free website which displays the data collected.


What Is a Rebound?
In financial terms, a rebound means a recovery from prior negative activity, such as a company posting strong results after a year of losses or introducing a successful product line after a period of struggle. With stocks or other securities, a rebound means that the price has risen from a lower level.
For the general economy, a rebound means that economic activity has increased from lower levels, such as the bounce back following a recession. A recession is defined by economists as two consecutive quarters without economic growth. Recessions are part of the business cycle which consists of expansion, peak, recession, trough, and recovery. A rebound from a recession would occur in the recovery stage.
Key Takeaways
 - Rebounds occur when events, trends, or securities switch course and move higher after a period of decline.
 - A company might report strong earnings in its fiscal year after the previous year's losses, or a successful product launch after several duds.
 - In terms of the stock market, a rebound could be a day or a period of time in which a stock or the stock market overall, recovers after a selloff.
 - When it comes to the economy, a rebound is part of the normal cycle that includes expansion, peak, recession, trough, and recovery.
Understanding a Rebound
Rebounds are a natural occurrence as part of the ever-changing business cycles. Economic recessions and market declines are an inevitable part of the business cycles. Economic recessions occur periodically when business grows too quickly relative to the growth of the economy.
Similarly, stock market declines occur when stocks become overvalued in relation to the pace of economic expansion. The price of commodities, such as oil, declines when supply exceeds demand. In some extreme cases, such as the housing bubble, prices may decline when asset values become overinflated due to speculation. However, in every instance, a decline has been followed by a rebound.
Regardless of the type of decline—whether it be economic, housing prices, commodity prices, or stocks—in all instances historically, a decline has been followed by a rebound.
Recent Examples of Rebounds
The steep stock market decline that rocketed markets in mid-August threw investors for a loop, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) dropping 800 points, or 3%, on Tuesday, August 13th, in the worst trading day of the year, after the bond market signaled the risk of recession. But the blue-chip bellwether rebounded a bit the following session, gaining nearly 100 points back after strong July retail sales figures, and better-than-expected quarterly results from Wal-Mart helped cool investor fears.
Similarly, stocks plunged across the board on Christmas Eve, 2018, in a shortened session, with economic fears causing the indexes to post their worst pre-Christmas day losses in many years—in the case of the Dow, the worst ever in its 122-year history. But on the first trading day after Christmas, on Dec. 26, 2018, the Dow Jones Industrial Average, the S&P 500, the Nasdaq Composite, and the small-cap Russell 2000 index all gained at least 5%. The Dow's rise of 1,086 points during that session was its biggest one-day rise.


text:
The Cigar Makers' International Union
(CMIU) was a labor union
that represented workers in the cigar
The union was founded in 1864
as the Cigar Makers' National Union of America and changed its name to the Cigar Makers' International Union in 1867
. It participated in the formation of the Federation of Organized Trade and Labor Unions
in 1881. The following year, seceding New York City locals formed the Cigarmakers' Progressive Union of America
, which rejoined the International in 1886. The American Federation of Labor
chartered the Cigar Makers in 1887.
The CMIU represented skilled cigar makers of various ethnic backgrounds. By its 1867 constitution the union admitted women, although the policy was openly defied by some of its own city locals The union pressed for higher wages, shorter hours, better working conditions, and the right of collective bargaining.
After 1880, Cigar manufacturers who negotiated labor contracts with the CIMU affixed blue labels to boxes of "union made" cigars. Previously, local chapters issued their own stamps including white labels, used by the Cigar Makers' Association of the Pacific Coast to show that their cigars were made by white labor, in response to the growing use of low-wage, Chinese immigrant labor. In 1875, the cigar makers' local in St Louis tried to encourage consumers to buy union-made cigars by using a red label. The national union created a standard blue "union made" label in 1880. Union stamps underwent frequent changes and are an excellent help in dating cigar boxes. The "Sept. 1880" date added top center on a label was added in 1888 and appears on all CMIU cigar (not stogie) issues until 1974.
The CMIU's membership dropped steadily as mechanization and unskilled cigar workers (known as "bunch breakers" ) replaced skilled cigar makers after World War I, and as cigarettes grew in popularity. The union was eventually disbanded in 1974.
- No. 7 - Utica, New York
- No. 14 - Chicago, Illinois
- No. 15 - New York City
- No. 17 - Cleveland, Ohio
- No. 25 - Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- No. 39 - New Haven, Connecticut
- No. 44 - St Louis, Missouri
- No. 85 - Eau Claire, Wisconsin
- No. 98 - St Paul, Minnesota
- No. 130 - Detroit, Michigan
- No. 144 - New York City
- No. 165 - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- No. 188 - Seattle, Washington
- No. 228 - San Francisco, California
- No. 291 - San Jose, California
- No. 316 - Adams County, Pennsylvania
- No. 371 - Barre, Vermont
- The CMIU was the first union that Samuel Gompers belonged to. Gompers was vice president of the National union and President of Local 144.
- Patricia A. Cooper, Once a Cigar Maker: Men, Women, and Work Culture in American Cigar Factories, _PHONE_ (University of Illinois Press, 1987)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
| < January >
|Normal Max/ High Temperature
|Min/ Low Temperature
|Average Daylight per day
|Sun altitude at solar noon on the 21st day.
- The average temperature in Taungoo in January is really warm at 22.8 °C (73.04 °F).
- Afternoons can be very hot with average high temperatures reaching 30.7 °C (87.3 °F).
- Overnight temperatures are generally mild with an average low of 14.9 °C (58.8 °F).
- In January the average diurnal temperature range/ variation is 15.8 °C (28.4 °F).
- The weather in January is arid. A feeble 7mm (0.3in) of fluid descends.
- The shortest day is 11:00 long and the longest day is 11:16 long with an average length of 11:06.
Check the distance to and compare the Taungoo January averages with somewhere beginning with:
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | All
Weather Trend Graph for January in Taungoo, Myanmar
Navigate to January Weather in Locations Surrounding Taungoo:


text:
Please, please, do not put packing peanuts into your garden's soil! Most packing peanuts are made from polystyrene, which is not biodegradable. They will remain long after you and your garden have passed from this earth. Biodegradable packing peanuts made from plant starch won't help your soil either, because they dissolve when they get wet.
Improve the drainage, tilth, and overall quality of your soil by mixing compost into your garden beds. Even better, double-dig your beds. This process adds organic matter and loosens the soil, making it easier for water and air to reach the roots of your plants. For instructions on doubledigging, see "Start a Fresh Bed" in our March 2004 issue. Another option is to build raised beds and fill them with a high-quality, well-draining topsoil.
Whichever method you choose, allow the newly fluffed soil to settle for a couple of days before planting. And don't walk on your new bed; you'll compact it and undo all your hard work.
As for your packing peanuts, recycle them at a local store that provides packaging and shipping services. That's the most sensible way to get these nuts off your hands.


Cockatiel vs Cockatoo - How To Tell Them Apart & Key Differences in Appearance, Size & Behavior
cockatoo vs cockateil featured image
Cockatiels are among the most popular pet birds in the world and are relatively easy to breed. These adorable little birds are often mistaken for cockatoos by most people.
If you fall into this category of people, then this article should give you a second thought…
...and maybe even a handy trivia fact or two to impress your friends.
There is a difference between cockatoos and cockatiels with the easily spotted one being their size. Cockatiels are smaller and known as miniature cockatoos.
More on this in a bit...
I'll even get into more details on the size, appearance, life span and other aspects where there is a difference to make things crystal clear.
Cockatoo and Cockatiel Bio Datalarge white cockatoo
Like you might have guessed, cockatoos and cockatiels are all under the same classification. Just like with English and American budgerigars (parakeets).
Specifically, they are all birds in the Cacatuidae family, with cockatiels being the only birds in the Nymphicus genera. And 'tiels are also the smallest in the family which consists of 21 birds.
As stated earlier, the first difference you will spot between an adult cockatoo and a cockatiel is their size. It's no surprise since they are the smallest among cockatoos, with sizes ranging from 12-13 inches.
Cockatiels are like babies when you compare their size to that of full-grown cockatoos which is between 12-24 inches. At this measurement, a cockatiel is only about a quarter or half the size of cockatoos.
But in the case a younger cockatoo hasn't reached its full size, you can know which is which by assessing their appearance...
yellow cockatiel
First off, the feather colors of cockatoos are most times solid or plain, with only a few patches of other colors. Most times, the predominant colors are either white or black while you may also find a gray or pink color on rare occasions.
On the flip side, cockatiels are brightly coloured and have different shades.
However, wild cockatiels are usually gray with patches of white on their wings and green or yellow on their tails.
But cockatiels kept in captivity have a color mutation that is on a whole new level compared to that of cockatoos or wild cockatiels. Some of them are white face pied, cinnamon pearl, pearl pied, and white face gray.
Another difference in appearance between a cockatoo and a cockatiel is their physique:
Cockatiels have a much smaller beak than cockatoos which is quite logical since they are smaller.
But cockatiels have a longer tail-type which makes up about half of their body, while the cockatoos have a shorter tail.
Cockatoos live longer than cockatiels in the wild or captivity. Some species, like the sulphur-crested cockatoo, can live longer than 100 years.
However, wild cockatiels only live for up to 25 years, and those in captivity live for an average of 14 years.
But they can reach 20+ years if they are well taken care of by their owners, as explained here.
large white cockatoo sitting on floor
In terms of personality, cockatoos are far more social than cockatiels and are more affectionate to their owners.
Unlike cockatiels, a cockatoo will need much more time out its cage with its owner and might become depressed if left alone for too long. But cockatiels, though good with people, can cope with being left alone.
Also, cockatoos are very noisy compared to cockatiels. I'll talk about that in detail in the next section.
In general, cockatiels are much calmer birds than cockatoos.
Vocal Ability
As said earlier, cockatoos are louder birds and also mimic their owner's words better than cockatiels.
'Tiels have a softer voice and make more bird sounds rather than talk. Even when they talk, their words are harder to understand than that of cockatoos.
On the other hand, cockatiels are more likely to imitate household sounds than cockatoos.
Of all the 21 species of cockatoos, cockatiels are easily the most popular pet bird.
Thanks to their small size and calm personality, they are easier to care which makes a great choice for both the old and young bird owner.
On the other hand, larger cockatoos are less common with the sulphur-crested cockatoo and umbrella cockatoo being the most popular among them.
two cockatiels perched together
Without a doubt, cockatoos are way more expensive than cockatiels.
'Toos are also more expensive to care for and shelter for than cockatiels because they are larger birds.
A cockatoo can cost from $1,000 to $25,000 depending on the species. Perhaps another reason why they are less popular as pet birds since they can cost a fortune. Plus, their cages need to be larger too.
On the other hand, cockatiels cost a more economical price of $80 to $250 compared to cockatoos. Their cages are smaller and more affordable as well.
Can A Cockatoo And A Cockatiel Be Kept Together?
Keeping a cockatoo and a cockatiel together isn't the best of ideas in my opinion.
Yes, they can stay together as long as the cockatoo isn't aggressive to the smaller bird.
But cockatoos can be territorial, which means that sooner or later, they might harm the cockatiel or even kill the other bird.
Wrapping Up
Hopefully you learned something new today about these wonderful parrots, whether their telltale appearance differences or drastically different prices.
What is your experience with 'tiels & 'toos? Let us know which one you have had as a pet in the comments below!
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 - My mom and sister had an umbrella cockatoo (my sister still owns the bird, but she's moved out) and the hand raised him. He attacked my face when I was about 6, and he did it while I was sleeping on the couch (I think my room was being renovated at the time), and from what I heard from my mom, he also attacked my baby nephew. I still have a scar on my face to remind me why not to get a larger bird, especially unpredictable ones. My experience with 'tiels is very limited because the last one my parents owned was when I was maybe 4. I don't really have many memories of her, I just remember that she existed, and I'm getting my own 'tiel here soon
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Postcode 8 Hillside Crescent, Newarthill, Motherwell, UK
About the Address 8 Hillside Crescent, Newarthill, Motherwell
Postcode ML1 5DG is the address of 8 Hillside Crescent, Newarthill, Motherwell which is in region of Scotland. 8 Hillside Crescent, Newarthill, Motherwell is within Motherwell North ward It falls under constituency Airdrie and Shotts. The nearest station is Carfin which is 0.62km away from the postcode. The postcode ML1 5DG is under the Scotland police force and Scottish Water is the main water supplier in the area
Postcode Search Result 8 Hillside Crescent, Newarthill, Motherwell
Address Details: 8
Hillside Crescent
North Lanarkshire
United Kingdom
Ward: Motherwell North
Constituency: Airdrie and Shotts
Country: Scotland
Map of ML1 5DG - 8 Hillside Crescent, Newarthill, Motherwell, UK
Tavel around ML1 5DG
Nearest Station: Carfin
Distance: 0.62 km
Other Useful Info of ML1 5DG
Water: Scottish Water
Police: Scotland
What is Postcode Finder?
What is Postal Code?
What is the Difference Between Postcode and ZIP Code?
A Postcode Area is the first part of the Outward Code. It is an initial string of the letters(all the characters before the first number). It is 1 or 2 characters long and always alphabetical. In the postcode ML1 5DG, ML is the Postcode Area whic falls under post town Motherwell.
The Postcode District is the last part of Outward Code. It is one digit, two-digit or a digit followed by a letter. In the postcode ML1 5DG, 1 is the Postcode Disctrict.
The Inward Code is the second part of the postcode(after space). It is always three characters long and always begins with a letter. The Inward Code assists in the delivery of post within a postal district. In the postcode ML1 5DG, 5DG is the Inward Code. You can find out the Inward Code of a postcode using the Postcode Finder tool.
Postcode Sector is the first part of the Inward Code. It is made up of a single digit (the first character of the inward code). In the postcode ML1 5DG, 5 is the Postcode Sector.
Postcode System in the UK
UK has one of the best postal code system in the world. This system was adopted nationally between 1960 - 1970 and then improved by Royal Mails which is the oldest postal service company in the UK. Each postcode(e.g. ML1 5DG) is consist of two parts, named as Outward Code (e.g. ML1) and the Inward Code (e.g. 5DG). The Outward Code and Inward Code are separated by a single space.
Postcode Finder Result Details
Postcode Statistics
Total postcode areas 124
Total postcode district 2,984
Total postcode sectors 11,197
Total postcode units 1,767,416
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How to Use Postcode Finder?
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Source of Information


text: I established Earthspun Books to publish beautiful books about our planet Earth that serve to enlighten, stimulate and inform their readers. My decision was driven by the desire to have more control over the content, presentation, format, marketing and pricing of popular earth science titles. Earthspun books convey key, fundamental concepts about Earth and, in particular, the relationship between people and Earth - how Earth impacts upon us and how we are increasingly having impacts on Earth. There are currently two titles, and it is anticipated that the list will grow over the coming years. Simply click on the book cover image to explore more about what they are about, with Table of Contents and example page excerpts included. The books are available at reasonable prices in several different formats (print and digital - refer to the Buy page for details).


CrossFit Rope Climbing Exercises for Strength & Conditioning
CrossFit Rope Climbing Exercises for Strength
CrossFit Training
CrossFit, much like most other types of workout regimens, is designed to not only work your cardiovascular system but your entire body.
CrossFit rope climbing exercises, in particular, are an excellent avenue to build up body strength and conditioning quickly. Done correctly, these exercises will work your entire upper body, including grip strength and stabilization.
Benefits of CrossFit Rope Climbing Exercises
Here are some reasons why you should consider mastering CrossFit rope climbing exercises and incorporate them into your routines:
Increases Grip Strength
When you start working out, especially lifting weights, you might not realize just how important grip is to the whole process.
This is mostly because the weights you will be dealing with won't challenge your grip. As you get further along in your fitness journey, this becomes a limiting factor.
Say, for example, your back is strong enough to deadlift 350lbs, but your grip won't allow you to comfortably lift that much off the ground. At this point, your back can take the weight increment, but your hands can't – that limits your back's development.
Rope climbing is an excellent way to improve and increase your grip strength. The more you use rope climbing to improve your grip, the more you train your hands to both carry your own weight and resist the gravity working against you.
Develops Arm Strength
Every time you pull yourself up on a rope, you are forcing your arms to not only lift your weight and resist gravity but also stabilize your body as you go higher. This introduces a new dynamic, one that you can't get with chin-ups or pull-ups.
Improves Your Back Strength
Rope climbing exercises strengthen your back better than pull-ups and chin-ups do. The main reason behind this is that rope climbing requires a lot of stabilization which works the lats and musculature more.
Furthermore, rope climbing exercises are fun, challenging, and a good indicator of upper body strength. This makes them a comprehensive set of skills to have in your workout repertoire.
The Best CrossFit Rope Climbing Exercises to Try Today
Here are some of the most effective rope climbing exercises to start performing today:
Man Climbing Rope Exercise
Assisted Rope-Climbing
This exercise should be done from a sitting position with your feet planted firmly on the ground and bent at the knee. Hold the rope and pull it towards your chest. Start extending your body as you climb upwards using nothing but your arms.
Keep pulling yourself to a standing position, then slowly lower yourself with nothing but your arms back to the starting position. That counts as one rep.
Depending on your fitness level, you can do five reps per set and three sets for the workout with either 30 or 60-second breaks in between.
Rope Pull-Ups
This is similar to a regular pull-up, except you will be using both arms at different positions. Start by standing next to the rope, extend one of your arms fully above your head and have the other one at a 90-degree angle (bent at the elbow).
Pull yourself up so that the extended arm is the one that's bent and the one that was bent is the one that's extended below you.
Slowly lower your body to the starting position, then go again. That will be one rep for the extended arm. You can do five reps before switching arms and three sets per arm.
Hanging Leg-Raises/Hanging L-Sit Leg-Extension
Both these exercises, although different, are listed together because they are quite similar but with one contrasting feature – the position and movement of the legs.
When doing the "Hanging L-Sit Leg-Extension," hold the rope with both your hands extended above your head (one grip should be right under the other).
Lift your legs off the ground, so they form an L shape. While holding yourself up, bend your legs at the knee and extend them to return to the starting position.
Do this five times before switching arm position (the one on top should now be the one at the bottom), then do another five extensions to make 1 set. You can do three sets with 60-second breaks in between.
Hanging Leg-Raises are quite similar but without the L-shape. Here, raise your legs to a 90-degree position from the ground, then extend them back to the ground without resting on them. Do five sets before swapping hands as before; you can do three sets with 60-second breaks.
Rope Hanging
This, like every other exercise, should be done in slow increments. Start by doing a typical rope pull-up with one of your arms extended and the other one bent at a 90-degree angle around the elbow area.
Pull yourself up all the way but instead of coming back down as you would with a pull-up, hold that position for some time. You can start with 10 seconds and slowly build up to a longer period of time. Do four reps per arm.
Rope Plank-Walk
Hold the rope and lean your body forward to about a 45-degree angle. Slowly, using your hands (one over the other), climb down to a specific plank position.
When you reach that point, your body should be about parallel to the ground now. Hold that position for a few seconds. The duration depends on your fitness levels – start with 5 seconds, then slowly move up.
You can then slowly climb back up to the starting position. This should count as one rep. Do 10 reps per set for three sets with 60-second breaks.
One Arm Pull-Up
Holding the rope with one arm in the incline position, slowly but steadily pull yourself up as if doing a pull-up. Once you get to the top, slowly lower your body back to the starting position.
Ensure that your core and trunk muscles are engaged throughout this movement. That should count as one rep. You can do five reps to make a set with three sets before switching arms for the same number of reps and sets to complete the exercise. Take 60-second breaks in between.
To avoid rope burn during your Crossfit workout, make sure to cover the skin that will come into contact with the rope. This could be in the form of a wrap, gloves, long pants, and long-sleeved shirts, or you can use a wrapped rope.
These CrossFit rope climb exercises will get easier but more complicated the further along you get in your fitness journey. For now, however, the ones mentioned above should get you well on your way to building excellent upper body and grip strength.


Is The Book Of Judith True?
What does the name Judy mean for a girl?
Judy as a girl's name is of Hebrew origin meaning "praised".
It is a diminutive form of Judith first used in the 18th century.
Related Baby Names Lists..
What is Jesus real name?
Is Tobias in the Bible?
Who did Judith kill in the Bible?
general SiseraJudith is an exemplary Jewish woman. Her deed is probably invented under the influence of the account of the 12th-century-bce Kenite woman Jael (Judg. 5:24–27), who killed the Canaanite general Sisera by driving a tent peg through his head.
Is the name Judith in the Bible?
From the Hebrew name יְהוּדִית (Yehudit) meaning "Jewish woman", feminine of יְהוּדִי (yehudi), ultimately referring to a person from the tribe of Judah. In the Old Testament Judith is one of the Hittite wives of Esau. This is also the name of the main character of the apocryphal Book of Judith.
Is Judy short for Judith?
Judy is a short form of the name Judith.
1939Judith has been used in the United States ever since 1880, with over 454321 girls given the name in the past 200 years. Judith gained the most popularity as a baby name in 1939, when it's usage went up by 149.62%.
Who wrote Judith poem?
Is Judy an old fashioned name?
Records indicate that 450,505 girls in the United States have been named Judith since 1880. The greatest number of people were given this name in 1943, when 25,188 people in the U.S. were given the name Judith. Those people are now 77 years old.
What are the books taken out of the Bible?
Where is the story of Judith found in the Bible?
The story of Judith and Holofernes is found among the apocryphal works of the Septuagint, the Greek translation of Hebrew Scripture, which formed the basis for the Old Testament. The purpose of the book is to inspire courage and patriotism through its heroine, a widow named Judith.
What does Judy mean in Arabic?
Judi is a name with multiple origins. It is a short form of the Hebrew name Judith. It is also an Arabic name referring to a mountain mentioned in the Quran.
Why is the book of wisdom not in the Protestant Bible?
What does Judith mean in the Bible?
What does Judea mean?
Why are the 14 books removed from the Bible?
What books did Martin Luther removed from the Bible?
Why was Judith removed from the Bible?
Why Tobit is not in the Bible?
What are the 14 missing books of the Bible?
14 of these books are included in this volume and these are the books; The First Book of Esdras, The Second Book of Esdras, The First Book of the Maccabees, The Second Book of the Maccabees, The Book of Baruch, The Book of Bel and the Dragon, Ecclesiastes or the Preacher, The Book of Esther, The Book of Judith, The …


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Thu January 12, 2012
Mine's Smaller! Claim About Tiny Frog Is Challenged
Sure, it's tiny. But is it the tiniest?
There's a frog in Papua New Guinea that researchers announced this week is "the smallest known vertebrate species" (that is, a creature with a spine).
It's so small, in fact, that the picture posted by the journal PLoS One with the scientists' report shows the little Paedophryne amauensis sitting on a dime with plenty of room to spare.
The discoverers say the frog's average body length is 7.7 mm (about three-tenths of an inch).
And now comes the challenge. According to The Associated Press:
"The males of a species of deep-sea anglerfish are about 2 mm smaller, said University of Washington ichthyologist Theodore Pietsch, who described them in 2006. The males don't have stomachs and live as parasites on 1.8-inch (4.57-centimeter)-long females."
[We'll say it before someone else does: Guys would do that, wouldn't they?]
Louisiana State University herpetologist and environmental biologist Christopher Austinm, who discovered the little frogs, tells the AP "he knew about the anglerfish but felt that average species size [including males and females] made more sense for comparison."
As for the frogs, the BBC says finding them "was not an easy assignment. They are well camouflaged among leaves on the forest floor, and have evolved calls resembling those of insects, making them hard to spot."
If you'd like to hear the short clicking sound the frogs make, check this interactive webpage from the AP.
(H/T to NPR.org's Scott Neuman.)


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Date of Award
Master of Arts (MA)
Risk for obesity increases dramatically for Mexican-origin immigrants and their children among upon arrival in the United States. Many studies have shown that acculturative factors play a role in this process for adults, which suggests that this could also be the case for children and adolescents. The significance and directionality of this relation may differ based on many factors, including the multitude of methods currently used for the purpose of measuring acculturation. This study examines the relations between several measures of acculturation and child weight in a sample of 6 to 11 year old, Mexican-origin youth, cross-sectionally and longitudinally over the course of 18 months. Results indicated that two measures, greater preference for English and higher Anglo Orientation, were associated cross-sectionally with higher zBMI. Only one of these measures, English language preference, remained significant in predicting BMI in longitudinal analyses. Neither age nor gender was a significant moderator of the relation between acculturation and child weight. These findings support the theoretical hypothesis that cultural changes, such as the gradual and familial adoption of a high-calorie and low-physical activity lifestyle, may contribute to weight gain among Mexican children.
Mcleod, Dorothy L., "Measures of Acculturation and Relations to Weight Among Mexican-Origin Youth" (2016). Master's Theses. 3347.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License.
Copyright © 2016 Dorothy L. Mcleod


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Lead Contents
FAQ00389 of Photoelectric Sensors FAQ
FAQ No. FAQ00389
Primary Contents
Is the serial connection possible in a Photoelectric Sensor?
No, it is not.
When photoelectric sensor 1 is turned on, the voltage is supplied to photoelectric sensor 2 in above figure.
At this time, inrush current I2 when the power supply of photoelectric sensor 2 is turned on flows to the output of photoelectric sensor 1. (It is about 0.5 to 1A instantaneously in charging current of capacitor.)
The output short-cut protection circuit* of a photoelectric sensor works by this inrush current I2, and the output of photoelectric sensor 1 is turned off.
As a result, the voltage is not supplied between power supplies of photoelectric sensor 2 and cannot be operated. Therefore, the serial connection cannot be connected.
*Output short-cut protection circuit:
It is the circuit that turns off output detecting the current and protects transistor, when overcurrent (above rated load current) flows to output.
Please use the serial connection by the combination with the sensor controller.


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|Budget Amount *help
¥2,100,000 (Direct Cost : ¥2,100,000)
Fiscal Year 1992 : ¥1,000,000 (Direct Cost : ¥1,000,000)
Fiscal Year 1991 : ¥1,100,000 (Direct Cost : ¥1,100,000)
The purpose of this study is to newly develop an algebraic stress model (ASM) and to establish the efficient numerical scheme for solving the fundamental equations of incompressible flow in curvilinear coordinate, in order to perform the numerical analysis of turbulent flow of engineering interest in high Reynolds number using the practical timeaveraged turbulence model.
First, to overcome the defect of ASM used previously, the algebraic representation for the Reynolds stress was derived to express the anisotropy mainly appeared in turbulent shear flow, the isotropization and the decaying process in free turbulent flow, so that the new ASM has been proposed. In this derivation, the algebraic procedure of the transport term was followed based on the transport equation for the Reynolds stress. As a result, it becomes clear that the term including the history effect on the Reynolds stress plays an important role. In the present model, therefore, such a defect of the previous model that the
non-physical solution giving the instantaneous isotropization for the anisotropic turbulence without shear is inevitably resulted in, has been dissolved by taking account of the history term. Next, to clarify the validity of the present model, the verification was made using the reliable data-base for the homogeneous anisotropic turbulence obtained by the direct numerical simulation. It is indicated that the time evolution of the Reynolds stress can be predicted well, especially the Reynolds shear stress which has not yet been predicted even qualitatively by the previous model can be reproduced very well by the present model. The useful knowledge related to the history effect was obtained and a guide to computation of complex turbulent flow field was able to be provided.
On the other hand, the implicit SMAC scheme using the curvilinear coordinate grid, which has been developed by the present researchers, was extended to apply to unsteady 3-D flow. Performing the large-scale numerical simulation beyond a million grid points, the structure of unsteady flow through 3-D backward-facing step duct was clarified. And the present scheme is verified to be compatible and efficient one as a computational code for the turbulent flow analysis. Less


The art history program at Purchase College provides a unique experience in the examination of visual art and culture through an abundance of course offerings spanning a vast range of periods and geographies; exceptional local resources; and a strong emphasis on research and writing skills. Grounded in the sensitive analysis of images, objects, and critical texts, the art history faculty's approaches to the field create a deeper sense of art's historical and cultural significance.
Purchase's prime location and proximity to New York City allows students to benefit from incomparable opportunities, such as frequent visits to museums and galleries, that provide unique insights into potential careers. Even closer, and perhaps even more advantageous, the art history program is only steps away from the Neuberger Museum of Art, which is conveniently located on campus. Originated by Roy R. Neuberger's donation of 108 works in 1974, the museum's impressive collection now exceeds 6,000 pieces. The combination of museums, galleries, and cultural institutions—both on campus and nearby—presents an array of lectures, exhibitions, and internships right at students' fingertips.


Wrong number of arguments (Error 450)
The number of arguments to a procedure must match the number of parameters in the procedure's definition. This error has the following causes and solutions:
 - The number of arguments in the call to the procedure wasn't the same as the number of required arguments expected by the procedure.
 Check the argument list in the call against the procedure declaration or definition.
 - You specified an index for a control that isn't part of a control array.
 The index specification is interpreted as an argument but neither an index nor an argument is expected, so the error occurs. Remove the index specification, or follow the procedure for creating a control array. Set the Index property to a nonzero value in the control's property sheet or property window at design time.
 - You tried to assign a value to a read-only property, or you tried to assign a value to a property for which no Property Let procedure exists.
 Assigning a value to a property is the same as passing the value as an argument to the object's Property Let procedure. Properly define the Property Let procedure; it must have one more argument than the corresponding Property Get procedure. If the property is meant to be read-only, you can't assign a value to it.


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Let $\alpha = \frac{1+\sqrt{-19}}{2}$. Let $A = \mathbb Z[\alpha]$. Let's assume that we know that its invertibles are $\{1,-1\}$. During an exercise we proved that:
Lemma: If $(D,g)$ is an Euclidean Domain such that its invertibles are $\{1,-1\}$, and $x$ is an element of minimal degree among the elements that are not invertible, then $D/(x)$ is isomorphic to $\mathbb Z/2\mathbb Z$ or $\mathbb Z/3\mathbb Z$.
Now the exercise asks:
Prove that $A$ is not an Euclidean Domain.
Everything hints to an argument by contradiction: were $(A, d)$ be an ED and $x$ an element of minimal degree among the non invertibles we'd like to show that $A/(x)$ is not isomorphic to $\mathbb Z/2\mathbb Z$ or $\mathbb Z/3\mathbb Z$.
How do we do that? My problem is that, since I don't know what this degree function looks like, I don't know how to choose this $x$!
I know that the elements of $A/(x)$ are of the form $a+(x)$, with $a$ of degree less than $x$ or zero. By minimality of $x$ this means that $a\in \{0, 1, -1\}$. Now I'm lost: how do we derive a contradiction from this?
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3 Answers 3
up vote 7 down vote accepted
What a coincidence, this was a recent homework problem for me as well. Here's an additional hint: Show that $X^2 + X + 5$ does not split over $\mathbb{F}_2$ or $\mathbb{F}_3$. Deduce a contradiction to the minimality of the degree of $x$.
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$X^2-X+5$ doesn't split in $\mathbb F_{2}[X]$ or $\mathbb F_{3}[X]$ because it has no roots in those fields. But it does split in $A[X]$, thus in $A/(x)[X]$. Contradiction! I hope :) – Jacopo Notarstefano Feb 26 '11 at 15:56
_USER_: Yes, something like that. Essentially what happens is that you are forced to conclude that $A/(x)$ is the trivial ring, so $x$ must be a unit, but we already excluded all the units. – Zhen Lin Feb 26 '11 at 16:19
Perhaps you will find enlightening the following sketched proof that $\rm\: \mathbb Z[w],\ w = (1 + \sqrt{-19})/2\ $ is a non-Euclidean PID -- based on a sketch by the eminent number-theorist Hendrik W. Lenstra.
Note that the the proof in Dummit & Foote, uses the Dedekind-Hasse criterion to prove it is a PID, and the universal side divisor criterion to prove it is not Euclidean, is probably the simplest known. The so-called universal side divisor criterion is essentially a special case of research of Lenstra, Motzkin, Samuel, Williams et al. that applies in much wider generality to Euclidean domains. You can obtain a deeper understanding of Euclidean domains from the excellent surveys by Lenstra in Mathematical Intelligencer 1979/1980 (Euclidean Number Fields 1,2,3) and Lemmermeyer's superb survey The Euclidean algorithm in algebraic number fields. Below is said sketched proof of Lenstra, excerpted from George Bergman's web page.
Let $\rm\:w\:$ denote the complex number $\rm\ (1 + \sqrt{-19}/2\:,\:$ and $\rm\:R\:$ the ring $\rm\: Z[w]\:.$ We shall show that $\rm\:R\:$ is a principal ideal domain, but not a Euclidean ring. This is Exercise III.3.8 of Hungerford's Algebra (2nd edition), but no hints are given there; the proof outlined here was sketched for me (Bergman) by H. W. Lenstra, Jr.
$(1)\ $ Verify that $\rm\ w^2\! - w + 5 = 0,\:$ that $\rm\ R = \{m + n\ a\ :\ m, n \in \mathbb Z\} = \{m + n\ \bar a\ :\ m, n \in \mathbb Z\},\:$ where the bar denotes complex conjugation, and that the map $\rm\ x \to |x|^2 = x \bar x\ $ is nonnegative integer-valued and respects multiplication.
$(2)\ $ Deduce that $\rm\ |x|^2 = 1\ $ for all units of $\rm\:R\:,\:$ and using a lower bound on the absolute value of the imaginary part of any noneal member of $\rm\:R\:,\:$ conclude that the only units of $\rm\:R\:$ are $\pm 1\:.$
$(3)\ $ Assuming $\rm\:R\:$ has a Euclidean function $\rm\:h,\:$ let $\rm\:x\ne 0\:$ be a nonunit of $\rm\,R\,$ minimizing $\rm\: h(x).\:$ Show that $\rm\:R/xR\:$ consists of the images in this ring of $\:0\:$ and the units of $\rm\:R\:,\:$ hence has cardinality at most $3$. What nonzero rings are there of such cardinalities? Show $\rm\ w^2 - w + 5 = 0 \ $ has no solution in any of these rings, and deduce a contradiction, showing that R is not Euclidean.
We shall now show that $\rm\:R\:$ is a principal ideal domain. To do this, let $\rm\:I\:$ be any nonzero ideal of $\rm\:R\:,\:$ and $\rm\:x\:$ a nonzero element of $\rm\:I\:$ of least absolute value, i.e., minimizing the integer $\rm\ x \bar x\:.\:$ We shall prove $\rm\ I = x\:R\:.\:$ (Thus, we are using the function $\rm\ x \to x \bar x\ $ as a substitute for a Euclidean function, even though it doesn't enjoy all such properties.)
For convenience, let us "normalize" our problem by taking $\rm\ J = x^{-1}\ I\:.\:$ Thus, $\rm\:J\:$ is an $\rm\:R$-submodule of $\:\mathbb C\:,\:$ containing $\rm\:R\:$ and having no nonzero element of absolute value $< 1\:.\:$ We shall show from these properties that $\rm\: J - R = \emptyset\:,\:$ i.e., that $\rm\ J = R\:.$
$(4)\ $ Show that any element of $\rm\:J\:$ that has distance less than $1$ from some element of $\rm\:R\:$ must belong to $\rm\:R\:.\:$ Deduce that in any element of $\rm\ J - R\:,\:$ the imaginary part must differ from any integral multiple of $\:\sqrt{19}/2\:$ by at least $\:\sqrt{3}/2\:.\:$ (Suggestion: draw a picture showing the set of complex numbers which the preceding observation excludes. However, unless you are told the contrary, this picture does not replace a proof; it is merely to help you find a proof.)
$(5)\ $ Deduce that if $\rm\: J - R\:$ is nonempty, it must contain an element $\rm\:y\:$ with imaginary part in the range $\rm\ [\sqrt{3}/2,\ \sqrt{19}/2 - \sqrt{3}/2]\:,\:$ and real part in the range $\rm\: (-1/2,\ 1/2]\:.$
$(6)\ $ Show that for such a $\rm\: y\:,\:$ the element $\rm\: 2\:y\:$ will have imaginary part too close to $\:\sqrt{19}/2\:$ to lie in $\rm\: J - R\:.\:$ Deduce that $\rm\ y = w/2\ $ or $\rm- \bar w/2\:,\:$ and hence that $\rm\ w\ \bar w/2\ \in J\:.$
$(7)\ $ Compute $\rm\: w\ \bar w/2\:,\:$ and obtain a contradiction. Conclude that $\rm\:R\:$ is a principal ideal domain.
$(8)\ $ What goes wrong with these arguments if we replace $19$ throughout by $17$? By $23$?
share|improve this answer
You don't need to know what the degree function looks like to choose $x$: you already chose it when you said "$x$ an element of minimal degree." (By the well-ordering principle, the set of degrees of nonzero, non-unital elements has a least element.)
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I guess I should have phrased my question better. I do understand that this $x$, given a degree function, exists. I'll try to edit my question to


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Table of Contents
- 1 Types of Bonds
- 1.1 Stretcher Bond.
- 1.2 Header Bond
- 1.3 English bond
- 1.4 Flemish Bond.
- 1.5 Dutch Bond.
- 1.6 Raking Bond.
- 1.7 Garden Wall Bond.
- 1.8 Facing Bond.
- 1.9 Share this:
- 1.10 Like this:
- 1.11 Related
Content of this article :
Types of bonds, Stretcher bond, Header bond, English bond, main features of English bond,Arrangement of Bricks in English Bond, Flemish bond, Dutch bond, Garden wall bond, Raking bond,Two varieties of raking bond viz., Diagonal bond and Herring bone bond, Facing bond.
See also :
Types of Bonds
The bricks being uniform in size can be arranged in a variety of ways. The following are the various types of bonds used in brick masonry :
In this type of Bond all the bricks are laid as stretchers, that is length wise, as shown in Fig. 2.29. This bond is used-in half brick thick walls.
In this bond, all the bricks are laid all headers. The elevation of the wall laid in header bond is shown in Fig. 2.30. This bond is used for curved surfaces in work such as well lining or well foundation etc.
This is the most common and popular bond and is used in most of the structures. The English bond consists of alternate layers of headers and stretchers. That is to say, one layer will be of stretchers and the other layer of headers.
The following are main features of English bond :
- The alternate courses are of headers and stretchers.
- Each alternate header is centrally supported over a stretcher.
- If the thickness of a wall is an uneven or odd number of half bricks, there will be best stretchers on the face and headers on the back, similarly headers on the face and stretchers on the back of the wall in every course.
- If the thickness of the wall is an even number of half bricks, there will be stretchers on the face and stretchers on the back ; similarly, headers on the face and headers on the back every course of the wall.
- The walls having a thickness of two bricks or more will have stretchers or headers on the face and back of the wall whereas the interior will be filled with header only.
Arrangement of Bricks in English Bond
Two, one brick thick walls meeting at right angles at the corner. Fig. 2.32.
Two one and a half brick walls meeting at right the corner. Fig. 2.33
Two, two bricks thick walls meeting at right angles at the corner. Fig. 2.34
Two walls, one brick thick and one and a half brick thick, meeting at right angles at the centre (T-junction). Fig. 2.37.
Two brick and one and a half brick T-junction, (e) Two, one and a half brick thick walls crossing each other at right angles. Fig. 2.39.
In this type of bond, each course consists of header and structures alternately arranged. The Flemish bond as of two types, viz, Single Flemish and Double Flemish, The single Flemish bond consists of Flemish bond on the face of the wall and English bond on the back of the wall. Whereas the double Flemish bond consists of Flemish bond on the face as well as on the back of the wall.
Flemish bond admits the use of greater number of brick bats and hence it is economical. But English bond is stronger than Flemish bond. It is also claimed that Flemish bond is better in appearance than the English bond.
It is a modification over the English bond and consists of alternate courses of headers and stretchers, except that every stretcher course starts with a three-quarter brick and in every alternate stretcher course in header is placed after the three quarter brick as shown in Fig. 2.46.
The walls which are more than two-brick thick will become weaker in longitudinal strength, as the headers being used in the interior of the wall to increase the transverse strength. This defect is removed by using raking bond (rake means inclination). In this bond the bricks are laid at some inclination to the face of the wall.
There are two varieties of raking bond, Diagonal bond and Herring bone bond.
(i) Diagonal bond.
This type of bond is employed in walls, which are 2 to 4 thick. In this bond, the face bricks are first laid and then the bricks are laid diagonally. The inclination of the bricks should be so adjusted that the bricks may be filled without cut ting.
(ii) Herring bone bond.
This bond is best suited for walls which are at least 4 bricks thick. In this case, the bricks are laid at an angle of 45° in both directions, commencing from the center line as shown in Fig. 2.47.
Raking bond pattern of laying bricks is also sometimes used for laying bricks on the floors.
Garden Wall Bond.
There are two types of garden wall bond viz. English Garden Bond and Flemish Garden Bond. In the English garden bond, one course of headers is used after every three to four courses of stretchers, whereas in the Flemish garden bond, in each course one header is used after every three or four stretchers
This bond is used when the bricks for the face work are costlier than the other bricks and as such the number of face bricks is economized by using more stretchers. This bond is also used when the thickness of the face and back bricks is different. There are a number of stretcher courses followed by header courses. The thickness of stretcher courses should be multiple of the thickness of thinner bricks. For example, the thickness of face bricks is 5 cm and that of back bricks in 3 cm. Then after three courses of face bricks and five courses of back bricks the height of face and back bricks will become the same. Now at this height header course should be provided.


What is Independent Chip Model in Poker?
The Independent Chip Model (ICM), is a calculation which allows players to estimate the value of their stack at any given point in the tournament. ICM calculations evaluate a player's chip stack and place a monetary value on it based on tournament payouts.
Want to learn the strategic value of ICM? Check out this article:
ICM Poker Introduction: What Is The Independent Chip Model?
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Put Your Skills to the Test with a Quick Poker Quiz!


The Wanted singer Tom Parker has been diagnosed with terminal cancer at 32
Monday, 12th October 2020, 9:40 am
Updated Monday, 12th October 2020, 11:41 am
The 32 year old singer from Bolton shared the sad news on Instagram (Photo: Ben Gabbe/Getty Images)
Tom Parker of boyband The Wanted has revealed that he has been diagnosed with a terminal brain tumour.
The 32 year old singer from Bolton shared the sad news on Instagram, where he and his wife Kelsey explained that the tumour is inoperable, but that he is currently undergoing treatment.
What did Tom Parker say in his Instagram post?
Parker shared a photo of himself with his wife and 16 month old daughter, Aurelia Rose, alongside a caption explaining his diagnosis.
The singer wrote, "Hey guys, you know that we've both been quiet on social media for a few weeks and it's time to tell you why.
The couple announced in May that they were expecting their second baby together.
Tom told OK! Magazine that he's "still in complete shock, it's so much to take in."
Tom told the magazine that he underwent tests after he began suffering from unexplained seizures, with doctors revealing six weeks ago that he had a grade four glioblastoma.
The singer is now undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment.
What is a glioblastoma?
The Mayo Clinic explains that "glioblastoma is an aggressive type of cancer that can occur in the brain or spinal cord. Glioblastoma forms from cells called astrocytes that support nerve cells."
Also known as glioblastoma multiforme, the cancer can be very difficult to treat and a cure is often not possible, but treatments may slow progression of the cancer and reduce signs and symptoms. It can cause worsening headaches, nausea, vomiting and seizures.
"For people who can't undergo surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy may be used as a primary treatment," adds the Mayo Clinic.
Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams (such as X-rays or protons) to kill cancer cells. In contrast to this, chemotherapy uses medicine to kill cancer cells.
The NHS explains, "There are many different types of chemotherapy medicine, but they all work in a similar way.
"They stop cancer cells reproducing, which prevents them from growing and spreading in the body."


are dropped. Subject space has as many actual, non-redundent dimensions as the corresponding variable space has. So "space X" is plane. If we add +1 dimension (to cover F), the whole configuration will be singular, unsolvable. F always extends out of variable space. $\endgroup$ – ttnphns Apr 27 '14 at 1:46
"Explaining covariance" vs. explaining variance
Bishop actually means a very simple thing. Under the factor analysis model (eq. 12.64) $$p(\mathbf x|\mathbf z) = \mathcal N(\mathbf x | \mathbf W \mathbf z + \boldsymbol \mu, \boldsymbol \Psi)$$ the covariance matrix of $\mathbf x$ is going to be (eq. 12.65) $$\mathbf C = \mathbf W \mathbf W^\top + \boldsymbol \Psi.$$ This is essentially what factor analysis does: it finds a matrix of loadings and a diagonal matrix of uniquenesses such that the actually observed covariance matrix $\boldsymbol \Sigma$ is as well as possible approximated by $\mathbf C$: $$\boldsymbol \Sigma \approx \mathbf W \mathbf W^\top + \boldsymbol \Psi.$$ Notice that diagonal elements of $\mathbf C$ will be exactly equal to the diagonal elements of $\boldsymbol \Sigma$ because we can always choose the diagonal matrix $\boldsymbol \Psi$ such that the reconstruction error on the diagonal is zero. The real challenge is then to find loadings $\mathbf W$ that would well approximate the off-diagonal part of $\boldsymbol \Sigma$.
The off-diagonal part of $\boldsymbol \Sigma$ consists of covariances between variables; hence Bishop's claim that factor loadings are capturing the covariances. The important bit here is that factor loadings do not care at all about individual variances (diagonal of $\boldsymbol \Sigma$).
In contrast, PCA loadings $\widetilde {\mathbf W}$ are eigenvectors of the covariance matrix $\boldsymbol \Sigma$ scaled up by square roots of their eigenvalues. If only $m