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Risk Management-Frequently Asked Questions
What do I do to file a claim if university property has been stolen or damaged?
In order to file a property loss claim with the university, there are a number of things that must be done:
 1. Fill out a Property Loss Notice
 2. You must also submit the following information:
 1. Copies of invoices(and DPO if applicable) for the lost or damaged property.
 2. Copies of invoices (and DPO if applicable) for the replacement items.
 3. The police/incident report for the theft/damage, if one is available.
 4. Once you have this information, forward to:
 Risk Management
 MSC 6703
 8-7812 (phone)
 8-2878 (fax)
What information do I need to submit if damage has occured that involves repair work (building/property)?
 - You will need to submit a completed a Property Loss Notice
 along with:
 1. Invoices showing repair and/or replacement. ( NOTE: Invoices for repair must be as specific as possible in describing what repair work was done and what items were replaced in order to justify the expense.)
 2. For any labor charges the following information is needed for each person involved in the labor charges:
 1. Name
 2. Position
 3. Base pay (not including benefits, overhead, or supervisory/managerial labor)
 4. Hours worked
 3. A police/incident report if applicable.
What is the deductible amount for university insurance claims?
There is a $10,000.00 deductible for each claim.
Do I need to replace/repair the stolen or damaged property before a claim is filed?
Yes. The Division of Risk Management reimburses the university for replacement/repair cost of property losses. No claims can be filed until the lost/damaged items are replaced by the university.
Is it necessary to purchase the exact same item (model) as was stolen or damaged?
If it is at all possible to replace the stolen/damaged item with the same brand and model that was lost, you should do so. The state reimburses the university for replacement with the same model or nearest equivalent. In some cases it isn't possible to replace the item with the exact model due to discontinuation of some items. In those cases, you would need to find the nearest equivalent to the lost or damaged item(s). If you do choose to upgrade the item, instead of purchasing the same item or nearest equivalent, the Division of Risk Management will reimburse JMU for the cost of the item minus any cost for upgrading the item.
A company/institution is requesting a Certificate of Insurance from our department? Where would I get this?
Resource Management provides Certificates of Coverage. Please complete the Certificate of Coverage on-line form.
 1. The JMU department (name, MSC and phone) requesting the certificate
 2. The name and mailing address of the company or institution requesting the certificate
 3. The purpose (ie: Student Practicum, tournament game, etc.)
 4. The time period the certificate is requested for (be as specific as possible)
Once we have this information, a certificate will be drafted and the original will be sent back to your department for you to forward to the requesting company/institution.
I recently had an automobile accident while driving a university vehicle (or rental car). What should I do?
A: If you've had an accident in a JMU vehicle or rental car, while on university business. Please follow this procedure:
 1. First you need a copy of the accident report from the officer at the scene.
 2. Fill out an Automobile Loss Notice
 . This is a form that should be in every JMU vehicle. If one is not in the vehicle, or your were driving a rental vehicle.
 3. Next you need to contact our Automobile Insurance carrier,
 Crawford and Company at _PHONE_ to report the accident. Copies of the police report and the Statement of Accident will need to be forwarded to them. You should keep copies of both for your personal records.
 4. As soon as possible you should also report the accident to either Motor Pool(for JMU vehicles) or our office (for rental vehicles).
Contact Risk Management (8-7812) if you have any questions filing the claim.
Is there any way to get information on what to do if involved in an automobile accident while on university business? Our office frequently uses rental cars for university travel and we'd like to keep this information on hand for our drivers.
Risk Management has packets of information available that detail what to do if you are involved in an auto accident while on University business. Thge packet also contains a claim form, telephone numbers for various State Police divisions, Information Exchange cards, and a card for requesting help from a Passing Motorist. These packets should already be in any JMU vehicle. For those offices who would like to keep a supply of packets on hand for rental vehicles, the individual.pdf files for each of the forms/cards in the packet are available for download below.
NOTE: If you requisition a State Vehicle and find that the packet is missing, please contact Motor Pool to request one before you leave for your trip.


James Michael Hare
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C#/.NET Fundamentals: Safely and Efficiently Raising Events
The C#/.NET Fundamentals series is geared towards examining fundamental concepts in using C# (and.NET in general) to produce effective solutions.
A couple of posts ago, I discussed the EventHandler and EventHandler delegates, and in particular at one point mentioned in a sidebar that you need to watch out for thread-safety in order to safely raise events in a multi-threaded environment.
There was an interesting discussion in the comments about different ways that people achieve their thread-safety when raising events, and that got me interested in exploring them more in detail and checking them for performance.
Introduction: The Problems with Raising Events
Raising events is pretty easy in the.NET Framework, but it does have its pitfalls. Let's illustrate with a quick example. We'll begin by assuming we are writing a messaging receiver, and every time a new message is received, we want to raise a MessageReceived event that contains the new message.
So, to follow the Microsoft recommended practices for events, we'll create a set of event arguments that inherit from EventArgs (directly or indirectly), and those arguments will include the message we just received:
 1: // all event arguments should inherit from EventArgs
 2: public class MessageReceivedEventArgs : EventArgs
 3: {
 4: // gets the message we received
 5: public string Message { get; private set; }
 7: // constructs an immutable ReceivedEventArgs with the message
 8: public MessageReceivedEventArgs(string message)
 9: {
 10: Message = message;
 11: }
 12: }
And now, we'll create our base UnsafeMessenger class which will implement this message and notify all subscribers of the event MessageReceived. The OnNewMessage() method would typically be private and called by an internal process, but for the sake of performance testing we're leaving it public to pump messages through:
 1: // This is our base example, has no thread-safety
 2: public class UnsafeMessenger
 3: {
 4: // the event listeners can subscribe to
 5: public event EventHandler MessageReceived;
 7: // the method we'll call when we get a new message
 8: public void OnNewMessage(string message)
 9: {
 10: if (MessageReceived!= null)
 11: {
 12: MessageReceived(this, new MessageReceivedEventArgs(message));
 13: }
 14: }
 15: }
On the surface, this seems fine and dandy! And actually, if we were only using this in a single-threaded program, it would meet our needs. The problem with this type of pattern for raising events, though, is that it is not thread-safe.
Why? Keep in mind that a listener can subscribe or unsubscribe from an event at any given time. Imagine that we have one thread that is processing new messages to be sent to the event listeners, and another thread (perhaps in the UI) that is subscribing and unsubscribing listeners.
Let's say there's one subscriber (currently) listening to this event. If we get a new message and call OnNewMessage() to process it to all subscribers, we could end up hitting the if condition:
 1: if (MessageReceived!= null)
And it would pass because we have one subscriber (thus, the delegate is!= null). Let's say though that before that thread has a chance to execute the next line of code, the UI thread unsubscribes from the event:
 1: myMessenger.MessageReceived -= MyMessageHandler;
Uh oh, now the MessageReceived delegate is null because it has no subscribers, this means that when the message processing thread hits the next line:
 1: // We already passed the IF check
 2: if (MessageReceived!= null)
 3: {
 4: // NOW we are processing this line, but MessageReceived is now null!!!
 5: MessageReceived(this, new MessageReceivedEventArgs(message));
 6: }
We are now trying to invoke a null delegate, which will throw a NullReferenceException. Thus, this pattern of raising an even works fine in single-threaded environments, but does not work well in multi-threaded environments.
What we need to do is find a way to make this thread-safe. So, let's begin to look at some ways to do this more correctly, and then we can measure them.
Lock it down! – Synchronizing the event using a lock…
The first potential solution many developers might jump to is to think that since we have a concurrency issue, we should just synchronize access to the event. To do this, we would need to prevent users from subscribing or unsubscribing while we raise events and vice-versa.
At this point, a developer new to.NET may be scratching their head thinking, how do you synchronize access to an event?
 1: // how do we guarantee lock access to this event while being invoked?
 2: public event EventHandler MessageReceived;
After all, you can't control event subscription and un-subscription to guarantee synchronization with raising the event, can you? Well, yes, you can.
It turns out declaring an event in.NET is much like declaring an auto-implemented property. That is, declaring an event, using syntax like that of above, is short-hand for declaring a private delegate behind the scenes, and then exposing access for adding a subscription (add) and removing a subscription (remove). Thus, the simple auto-event above is roughly identical to something like this:
 1: // an auto-event is just a private delegate behind the scenes
 2: private EventHandler _messageReceived;
 4: // what we declare as the event is who can access sub/un-sub of the event
 5: public event EventHandler MessageReceived
 6: {
 7: add { _messageReceived += value; }
 8: remove { _messageReceived -= value; }
 9: }
Neat, huh? So really, a public auto-event is really just a private delegate that allows you to subscribe and un-subscribe publically. That is, the access specifier on the event only controls who can subscribe and unsubscribe to the event. This is the primary difference between a public event and a public delegate. If a delegate is public than anyone can subscribe, unsubscribe, assign, and invoke the delegate. Events, however, give you a handy way to only allow people to subscribe and unsubscribe, but deny them the ability to assign or invoke it the event directly. This is typically what you want when dealing with events, your class handles invoking and assigning the event, and you only allow outside elements to subscribe or unsubscribe to it.
So, now that we know we can change the way add and remove work, we can synchronize access to them and to raising the event:
 1: public class SyncronizedMessenger : IMessenger
 2: {
 3: // delegate and lock
 4: private EventHandler _messageReceived;
 5: private readonly object _raiseLock = new object();
 7: // sub/unsub now in a lock
 8: public event EventHandler MessageReceived
 9: {
 10: add { lock (_raiseLock) { _messageReceived += value; } }
 11: remove { lock (_raiseLock) { _messageReceived -= value; } }
 12: }
 14: // raise the event under the lock
 15: public void OnNewMessage(string message)
 16: {
 17: lock (_raiseLock)
 18: {
 19: if (_messageReceived!= null)
 20: {
 21: _messageReceived(this, new MessageReceivedEventArgs(message));
 22: }
 23: }
 24: }
 25: }
This way, if someone tries to subscribe/un-subscribe while an event is being raised, they'll have to wait for the lock to be free first, and vice-versa. This would, indeed, make us thread safe, but the down side is it could add a lot of contention, especially if subscriptions are changing fairly often and/or events are raised rapidly.
Regardless, it's a lot of extra work to attempt to acquire a lock at every event trigger. Thus, there are easier ways, but we started out with this one first since locking is generally the first resort people jump to in multi-threading.
Performing 1 billion iterations of raising an event using this method on my machine, and comparing it to the UnsafeMessenger, with 0-3 subscribers, we get (all times in milliseconds):
Subscribers Unsafe Synchronized
0 4,011 31,005
1 8,600 34,916
2 20,326


Planned Giving is simply the term used when you plan ahead of time who receives your assets when you are alive or when you die, and making the decision that charities you love should be included.
A planned gift is designed to provide future support for Sharon Presbyterian Church. A planned gift can either be:
 1. A donation made after one's death
 1. through a direct bequest of money or property in a will
 2. by designating the church as a beneficiary of a life insurance policy
 or retirement plan (e.g. 401k plan)
 1. An immediate gift made outright during one's lifetime to fund church activities using various vehicles such as a:
 1. Funded endowment,
 2. Gift annuity
 3. Charitable remainder trust.
You can use your gift to start something new for the church or to provide secure funding and resources for an existing church activity, ministry or outreach effort that speaks to your heart.
Both types of gifts enable your generosity to make an impact on the mission, ministries and future needs of the church.
Planned Giving can take many forms, many of them simple to execute. Follow The Steps to a Gift to the right to see "Why" you should include the church, "How" you can make a planned gift, "Where" your gift may be directed, and ways you can "Share" your gift with others.
Steps to a Gift


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The Return
A Novel
Victoria Hislop
List Price: 15.99*
* Individual store prices may vary.
Other Editions of This Title:
Paperback (10/1/2009)
Already a #1 bestseller in the UK, The Return is a captivating new novel of family, love, and betrayal set against a backdrop of civil war, flamenco, and fiery Spanish passion. The author of the beloved international bestseller The Island, Victoria Hislop now transports the reader to Granada, Spain, in a time of historic turmoil. The Return is a colorful and spellbinding saga of a family inspired by music and dance, only to be torn apart by fragile hearts and divided loyalties during the bitter war that brought the dictator Generalissimo Francisco Franco to power.
Harper Perennial, 9780061715419, 416pp.
Publication Date: October 6, 2009
About the Author
Conversation Starters from
 1. 'In the picture book of marriage, they were the perfect married couple. It was a story told for an audience.' What does this extract tell us about Sonia and James's relationship? What changes between them as the novel progresses? Is James a villain? What tactics does he employ to control Sonia?
 2. Why are music and dance so important to the characters in The Return? What does the way a character dances say about them and their relationships? Why is Sonia so drawn to flamenco in particular, and why does James disapprove of her dance classes so vehemently?
 3. 'We need real men in this country … Spain will never be strong while it's full of fairies.' What image of masculinity do the Ramírez males – and the other men in the book – present? Is maleness portrayed as a good or bad thing? How do women exert their power?
 4. Did you identify any family traits that ran through the Ramírez generations? Does Sonia take after her father or her mother, or any of her other relations?
 5. 'For Ignacio, there was a distinction between what he regarded as being a casual informer and actually being an assassin' Why does Ignacio make this distinction? Is it an accurate one? Where else in the novel are we invited to compare physical violence with more subtle forms of cruelty?
 6. 'The saints and martyrs with their painted on blood and theatrical stigmata had once been part of her life. Now she saw the church as a sham, a cupboard full of redundant props'. Why does Mercedes lose her faith? How does The Return portray religion and particularly the Catholic Church?
 7. What does this book have to say about friendship? Is blood thicker than water?
 8. 'The lack of truth in [Concha and Mercedes'] correspondence did not mean there was no love between them. It merely meant that they loved each other enough to want to protect the other party'. Who else withholds information in the novel, and why? What is the role of these secrets or non-disclosures? How do they affect the plot?
 9. What did you make of Javier and Mercedes' relationship? Is it a childish infatuation, a survival tactic, a 'fathomless love', or what?
 10. What does The Return have to say about politics? To what extent does it affect real life? Did you detect a political bias to this book? If so, what is it?
 11. What is the relevance of bull fighting in The Return? Does it tell us anything about Spanish culture or the Civil War more generally? Is it relevant that Republican citizens are assassinated in Granada's bullring and that Ignacio is hunted and killed like a bull? If so, why?
 12. How does the history of the Ramírez family represent the Spanish Civil War more generally? Do you find their story a good way of conveying the history of the Civil War? Is Victoria Hislop successful in melding fact and fiction together?
 13. "Antonio discovered that there was nothing more brutalising than to drive a bayonet into another human being and in this killing he felt part of himself die too." How does Antonio's perspective on killing compare to Ignacio's, and to other characters'? Were you surprised by the novel's violence? How does Victoria Hislop treat the subject of death in her writing?
 14. Whose story did you enjoy most? Did the different strands hang well together, do you think?
 15. "On his outstretched hand lay nothing more than a small mound of dirt, a pathetic sample of Spain's soil that he had brought with him over the mountains." What does this old man's gesture tell us about the emigrant experience? How do other characters in the book think about exile and home?
 16. If you have read The Island, what similarities and differences did you identify between the two novels? Are there any plot and structure devices common to both? How do the two heroines, Sonia and Alexis, compare?


detectMultiScale on Gpu problem with minNeighbors parameter
asked 2016-09-07 10:37:12 -0500
LucaVeggian gravatar image
Hi, for my thesis i'm trying to make a program that can detect an object and can assign to the detection object a score using the GPU. The score represents the quality of the detection.
Using the CPU version of the function detectMultiScale I created a metric for assign a score. I look the list of Rect returned by the functions and a search for those rectangle that are similar in area and position and, after, I group the rectangles into a single one who contains the detected object. This is possible if a put the parameter minNeighbors = 0, in this way detectMultiScale for CPU does not group the rectangle and so i can apply my metric. The problem is when i try to do the same thing with the GPU version of detectMultiScale, indeed if i put the parameter minNeighbors = 0 the classifier does not detect anything!! but if I put minNeighbors = 1 or greater it detect the same object of the CPU classifier version. My teacher pretends the use of GPU and I don't know why the two version of the classifier have not the same behavior. Please, can any one help me to resolve this problem?
I loaded two image that explain what i mean grouped.png ungrouped.png The ungrouped.png is the output of the classifier CPU and grouped.png image is the result of my metric, and 17 is the detection score.
PS: sorry for my english :-)
edit retag flag offensive close merge delete
so i can apply my metric. --> is there any reason why you should use your own metric and not the built-in ones. That being said, many of us are aware that the CUDA implementation of cascade classifiers is horribly corrupted. This is exactly why I tell my students to use the multithreaded CPU with TBB. That works in our case faster than the GPU-CPU data copying bottleneck.
StevenPuttemans gravatar imageStevenPuttemans ( 2016-09-08 06:06:44 -0500 )edit
the reason is that my thesis consist of two parts. The first parts is the object detector that detect and assign a score to some target. The second part is an implementation of an algorithm of orienteering that use the previous score for create a strategy to visit the target with constraints of time e maximizing the score. An important thing that I not mentioned is that i use OpenCV version 2.4.12 optimized by Nvidia on a board jetson tk1.
LucaVeggian gravatar imageLucaVeggian ( 2016-09-08 06:38:03 -0500 )edit
please, can you explain me a way for give the score to a detection using the CPU version of detectMultiscale? i'm in panic because I'm not expert in computer vision because, i'm a "system embedeed student" and if you can teach me a little bit on this problem I appreciate it! thanks!
LucaVeggian gravatar imageLucaVeggian ( 2016-09-12 05:49:08 -0500 )edit
There is an overlap function that can get you the number of neighbours per detection. It is exactly what you need!
StevenPuttemans gravatar imageStevenPuttemans ( 2016-09-12 05:59:11 -0500 )edit
is groupRectangles(vector& rectList, vector& weights, int groupThreshold, double eps=0.2)? Do you mean that in param weights are summed the weight of the groupped rectangles?
LucaVeggian gravatar imageLucaVeggian ( 2016-09-12 06:04:56 -0500 )edit
no, there is this overload function for detectMultiScale, which can be found here. Take a look at that one!
StevenPuttemans gravatar imageStevenPuttemans ( 2016-09-12 06:20:17 -0500 )edit
LucaVeggian gravatar imageLucaVeggian ( 2016-09-12 07:10:58 -0500 )edit


Hereditary CNS demyelinating disease
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Hereditary CNS demyelinating disease
Classification and external resources
ICD-9 330.0
MeSH D020279
A hereditary CNS demyelinating disease is a demyelinating central nervous system disease that is primarily due to an inherited genetic condition. (This is in contrast to autoimmune demyelinating conditions, such as multiple sclerosis, or conditions such as central pontine myelinolysis that are associated with acute acquired insult.)
Examples include:[1]


What would you use a pressure-sensitive keyboard for?
This prototype keyboard from Microsoft might change keyboards as we know them. Or it might go over like a Segway running Vista. It all depends on the answer to this question: Is a pressure-sensitive keyboard useful?
The video above demonstrates the potential of the technology, showing practical uses like pushing harder on a key in a game to make a character run faster. It can also use the amount of force to determine whether you want to write in lower case or all-caps. My favorite: How hard you hit the Delete key determines whether you want to delete a character or a word. Presumably slamming it as hard as you can will wipe your entire drive.
Whether or not that sounds sexy to you, the idea is much closer to reality than most concepts for a few reasons: 1) A working prototype exists. 2) This is Microsoft. 3) The keyboard uses existing tech, with rubber domes underneath every key pushing three flexible membranes. Because of the design, the harder you push, the greater the area of electrical contact, which can be easily measured.
Want one of these? What would you use it for? Let us — and Microsoft — know in the comments, and look below for pictures of the prototype.
UIST 2009 Student Innovation Contest, via YouTube


text:
Eligibility Criteria for MT-CET 2013
The general eligibility criteria for taking admission into various government medical colleges across Maharashtra through MT-CET are given below:
- The candidate must be an Indian Citizen.
- Persons of Indian Origin (PIO) / Non Resident Indian (NRI)/overseas citizen of India (OCI) are not eligible.
- The candidate must be born on or before 31st December 1995 to be eligible to appear for MT-CET 2013.
- The candidate must be medically fit and must submit a certificate of medical fitness at the time of Preference form filling as per perform.
- The candidate must have successfully cleared the SSC or equivalent examination from an Institution situated in the state of Maharashtra.
- The candidate must have passed the qualifying examination i.e. Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC / 12th Standard) or equivalent examination, from an Institution situated in the State of Maharashtra with English, Physics, Chemistry and Biology (Botany & Zoology) at the time of admission.
- A candidate belonging to open category must have obtained not less than 50% marks in Physics, Chemistry, Biology and English.
- A candidate belonging to constitutional reservation must have obtained not less than 40% marks in Physics, Chemistry, Biology and English.
- Candidate should have passed 12th class examination of Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education or its equivalent exams with minimum 50% marks and in case of candidates of Backward categories (only for Maharashtra State) with minimum of 45% marks and Candidate should have a positive AIEEE Score.
- Completed State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education or its equivalent examination with subjects English, Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics.
Paper Pattern for MT-CET 2013
The MT-CET is a single-stage entrance exam divided into 3 papers. Each paper is of 100 marks and the duration for the papers is one and half hour. The paper consists of different subjects, comprising of questions from physics, chemistry, botany, zoology and mathematics.
- Paper I: -It has a total of 100 marks and the paper consists of physics and chemistry.
- Paper II: -It has a total of 100 marks and the paper consists of botany and zoology.
- Paper III: -It has a total of 100 marks and the paper consists of mathematics.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Send me information from insideHPC:
The Right Terminations for Reliable Liquid Cooling in HPC
This guest article from CPC explores why liquid cooling for HPCs is increasingly common, and offers an understanding of the components in liquid cooling systems that are critical for success.
liquid cooling
With expensive electronics at stake, understanding the components in liquid cooling systems is critical. (Photo: Shutterstock/Pavel Chukhov)
High performance computing manufacturers are increasingly deploying liquid cooling. To avoid damage to electronic equipment due to leaks, secure drip-free connections are essential.
Quick disconnects (QDs) for HPC applications simplify connector selection and have terminations that fall into two categories: barbs for tubing or threaded joints.
Hose Barb Connections
Quick-disconnect couplers with barbed terminations work well for applications with flexible tubing. Barbed terminations grip the inside of tubing by expanding over the hose barb termination and then relaxing to its original diameter, creating a leak-free connection.
It's important to find the barb connection that best suits the tubing and application.
 1. Triple barb. Fluid coupling terminations with multiple, shallow barbs are commonly used with lighter weight tubing. The triple barb design offers good retention with redundant sealing points.
 2. Locking barb. The locking barb is a good choice in environments where heavy tubing may be exposed to hose or assembly pull (being bumped or stepped on). Locking barbs fit securely without the need for hose clamps or ferrules and work well on heavy-duty tubing like EPDM.
 3. Compression. Common compression style terminations include a ring or ferrule to mate with rigid tubing and a nut to thread capture the ferrule against the termination seat.
Threaded Port Connections
Fluid couplings incorporating a threaded termination provide a reliable connection primarily at machined ports throughout the cooling loop.
High performance computing manufacturers are increasingly deploying liquid cooling.
Straight thread terminations for liquid cooling applications will most often incorporate an elastomeric seal to achieve a leak-free connection.
Tapered pipe thread terminations, on the other hand, do not include an additional elastomeric component. The threads themselves both retain the part and create a seal. However for reliable sealing performance, thread tape or additional sealant is recommended to fill gaps between threads and aid assembly.
Common threaded terminations include:
 1. SAE Straight Thread O-Ring (ORB). This parallel thread termination features elastomeric sealing and is commonly used in North America. The mating female port requires specific machining to create a chamfered seat at the top that accepts an O-ring.
 2. NPT (National Pipe Thread). This common tapered thread is relatively easy to install—just drill and tap a mating port. However, a thread sealant (tape or compound) is required to fill in surface imperfections to create a leak-free seal.
 3. G/BSPP (British Standard Pipe Parallel). Most commonly used in Europe and Asia, this straight-thread, metric termination has a 55° flank and Whitworth thread form. While metal-to-metal sealing is covered in the standard specification, the most common sealing method will include an elastomeric seal.
 4. R/BSPT (British Standard Pipe Taper). This termination provides a simple, leak-free connection. Consistent with other tapered thread installations, tape or additional liquid sealant is recommended to ensure reliability.
QDS Specifically for Liquid Cooling
All terminations mentioned above are available in quick disconnect (QD) couplings, which allow fast, secure, repeated connections and disconnections during service and use. Integrated non-spill shutoff valves automatically stop flow, reducing spills or pressure loss during disconnection.
Resource Links:


For the week of April 04, 2005
DNA Accountability – Part 1
By: Tom Bandy
Refine the DNA in every annual meeting or annual staff visioning retreat. Talk about it, and ask yourself the question: Who or what is left out? Who is at the "margin" of the congregation? If your heart breaks for people who are excluded, refine the DNA so that you can include them in your congregational life and mission.
It may seem contrary to common sense, but the best way to evaluate the clarity of your DNA is to study the "margins" of your congregational life and mission field.


text:
Brief SummaryRead full entry
BiologyPool frogs emerge from hibernation in spring, at a date depending on the weather conditions. They spend the first few weeks basking in the sun. Around mid-May, breeding begins, with the males croaking loudly by day and night. Females lay 2 or 3 clumps of spawn in the male chorusing area. The tadpoles feed on algae and detritus, and metamorphosis (when the tadpoles emerge as froglets) occurs from August-September. Pool frogs mature after 2-3 years. The adults feed on invertebrates, and take some flying insects by snapping at them as they fly past.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


EC matriculants share their thoughts on the final mother tongue exam paper
play article
Subscribers can listen to this article
Matric trial examination in the EC has IsiXhosa and Sesotho for the first time in history.
The long-awaited mother tongue education pilot project has been completed in the Eastern Cape this term, with matric students having finished writing the papers with the option to read and answer their Mathematics, Life sciences, and History papers in their home language.
Read more: Eastern Cape matrics to test writing exams in mother tongue
Parent24 interviewed the Principal of Ramafole Senior Secondary School in Mount Fletcher, Mr Pitso Potso, and his students, about their experiences of the life sciences paper.
50% of his students have Sesotho as their home language and 50% have isiXhosa as their home language.
Mr Pitso hinted that there was no early communication from the department of education to the schools about the language choices and how this will work for the learners, which resulted to students choosing to write in English.
This could be due to the fear that the use of a home language could impact their performance negatively, because it is something they have never done before, said Mr Pitso.
This is understandable, because writing examinations in isiXhosa or Sesotho in the last year of schooling when throughout they have been writing in English, can seem risky for the learners.
He also said that part of the reasons could be the lack of early communication with regards to the language choices available to students during these trial exams.
Also see: EC Department of Education on mother tongue pilot project for 2020 matric exams
What students thought
Students from Dinizulu Senior secondary school were eager to let us know about their experiences of the first life sciences question paper.
Students told Parent24 that their teachers told them beforehand that the question papers will be in English and isiXhosa.
However, the teachers advised the students to read the question paper in isiXhosa and answer in English.
The reason for that advice was based on teachers predicting that some students might end up code switching - using both languages - in their answers.
This is not allowed, and might lead to the student not being marked or being failed.
Matriculant Asiphe told us that she read and wrote the paper in English, because she thought there was no use reading in isiXhosa if she was to write in English.
She also thought that choosing isiXhosa for reading will confuse her as the life sciences terminology is hard to understand and she has to translate the knowledge consumed in Xhosa to English anyway.
Nandipha told us she read the paper in isiXhosa and that it was difficult to understand some of the terminology, even though such terminology was followed by an explanation.
She says that one needed a deeper understanding in isiXhosa to understand some of the words that were written in that question paper.
She explained that "some words were not translated in some parts of the question paper, for example, words like: sperm, testes, scrotum were not translated, even though a vague explanation was given to explain what a scrotum is because that is where most of the case study focused."
The right direction?
One excited matriculant took to Twitter to share the first-ever grade 12 mathematics question paper translated into IsiXhosa:
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iard balls, it will bounce back. Okay, I don't have a design.
1shminux9yIt sure will, after imparting some momentum to the wall. My point is that I do not know how to construct a gate out of components interacting only through repulsive forces. I am not saying that it is impossible, I just do not see how it can be done.
0DanielVarga9yHow much momentum will it lose before it bounces back? If a large enough wall can make this arbitrarily small, then I think the Fredkin and Toffoli billiard gates [] can be built out of a thick wall of billiard balls. Lucky thing, in this model there is no friction, so gates can be arbitrarily large. Sure, the system might start to misbehave after the walls move by epsilon, but this doesn't seem like a serious problem. In the worst case, we can use throw-away gates that are abandoned after one use. That model is still as strong as Boolean circuits.
3Dreaded_Anomaly9yThe difference I see between photons and your example with billiard balls is that billiard balls have a rest frame. In other words, you can set them up so that they have no preexisting motion relative to you, and any change in their positions is due to your inputs. You can't do this with photons in a vacuum; they are massless, and must always move at c. Photon-photon scattering is also a rare process in quantum electrodynamics. If you look at the Feynman diagram: It has four vertices. Each vertex gives the cross-section of the process another factor of the fine structure constant α, which is a small number, about 1/137. A process like electron-electron or electron-positron scattering, on the other hand, has diagrams with only two vertices, so only two factors of α. (Of course, cross-sections also depend on mass, momentum, and so forth, but this gives a very simple heuristic for comparing processes.) The additional factor of α² ~ 0.00005 makes the cross section tiny compared to common QED processes. If you want to use photons for computing, photonic crystals are your best bet, although the technology is still in early stages of development.
1DanielVarga9yI don't know much about photon-photon scattering, but I do know that the cross section is very small. I see this as something that does not make a difference from a strictly theoretical point of view, but that might be because I don't understand the issues. Photonic crystals are not really relevant for my thought experiments, because you definitely can't build computers out of them that expand with the asymptotic speed of light. Maybe if you can turn regular material into photonic crystal by bombarding it with photons.
1Dreaded_Anomaly9yIf two billiard balls come to occupy an overlapping volume in space at the same time, they will collide with probability (1 - ε) for ε about as small as we can imagine. However, photons will only scatter off each other rarely. Photons are bosons, so the vast majority of the time, they will just pass right through each other. That doesn't give you a dependable logic gate.
1DanielVarga9yMaybe you are right, but it is not immediately obvious to me that small cross-section is a deadly problem. You shouldn't look at one isolated photon-photon encounter as a logic gate. Even an ordinary electronic transistor would not work without error correction. Using error correction, you can build complex systems that seem like magic when you attempt to understand them at the level of individual electrons.
When I read about quantum mechanics they always talk about "observation" as if it meant something concrete. Can you give me an experimental condition in which a waveform does collapse and another where it does not collapse, and explain the difference in the conditions? E.g. in the two slit experiment, when exactly does the alleged "observation" happen?
'Observation' is a shorthand (for historical reasons) for 'interaction with a different system', for example a detector or a human; but a rock will do as well. I would actually suggest you read the Quantum Mechanics Sequence on this point, Eliezer's explanation is quite good.
1Ezekiel9yEliezer's explanation hinges on the MWI being correct, which I understand is currently the minority opinion. Are we to understand that you're with the minority on this one?
Well, yes. But if you don't like MWI, you can postulate that the collapse occurs when the mass of the superposed system grows large enough; in other words, that the explanation is somewhere in the as-yet-unknown unification of QM and GR. Of course, every time someone succeeds in maintaining a superposition of a larger system, you should reduce your probability for this explanation. I think we are now up to objects that are actually visible with the naked eye.
1witzvo9yWhen I hear the phrase "many worlds interpretation," I cringe. This is not because I know something about the science (I know nothing about the science), it's because of confusing things I've heard in science popularizations. This reaction has kept me from reading Eliezer's sequence thus far, but I pledge to give it a fair shot soon. Above you gave me a substitute phrase to use when I hear "observation." Is there a similar substitute phrase to use for MWI? Should I, for example, think "probability distribution over a Hilbert space" when I hear "many worlds", or is it something else? Edit: Generally, can anyone suggest a lexicon that translates QM terminology into probability terminology?
I'm not sure I'm addressing your question, but I advocate in place of "many worlds interpretation" the phrase "no collapse interpretation."
2witzvo9yThat's very helpful. It will help me read the sequence without being prejudiced by other things I've heard. If all we're talking about here is the wavefunction evolving according to Schr\:odinger's equation, I've got no problems, and I would call the "many worlds" terminology extremely distracting. (e.g. to me it implies a probability distribution over some kind of "multiverse", whatever that is).
-1shminux9yPersonally, I advocate "no interpretation", in a sense "no ontology should be assigned to a mere interpretation".
1Viliam_Bur9yI am curious how exactly would this aproach work outside of quantum physics, specifically in areas more simple or more close to our intuition. I think we should be use the same basic cognitive algorithms for thinking about all knowledge, not make quantum physics a "separate magisterium". So if the "no interpretation" approach is correct, seems to me that it should be correct everywhere. I would like to see it applied to a simple physics or even mathematics (perhaps even such as 2+2=4, but I don't want to construct a strawman example here).
2shminux9yI was describing instrumentalism in my comment, and so far it has been working well for me in other areas as well. In mathematics, I would avoid arguing whether a theorem that is unprovable in a certain framework is true or false. In condensed matter physics, I would avoid arguing whether pseudo-particles, such as holes and phonons, are "real". In general, when people talk about a "description of reality" they implicitly assume the map-territory model, without admitting that it is only a (convenient and useful) model. It is possible to talk about observable phenomena without using this model. Specifically, one can describe research in natural science as building a hierarchy of models, each more powerful than the one before, without mentioning the world "reality" even once. In this approach all models of the same power (known in QM as interpretations) are equivalent.
1witzvo9yCan you elaborate on this? (I'm not voting it down, yet anyway; but it has -3 right now) I'm guessing that your point is that seeing and thinking about experimental results for Themselves is more important than telling stories about them, yes?
6Grognor9yYou could go with what Everett wanted to call it in the first place, the relative state interpretation. To answer your "Edit" question, no, the relative state interpretation does not include probabilities as fundamental.
2witzvo9yThanks! Getting back to original sources has always been good for me. Is that "Relative state" formulation of quantum mechanics []?
5RolfAndreassen9yI think it is necessary to exercise some care in demanding probabilities from QM. Note that the fundamental thing is the wave function, and the development of the wave function is perfectly deterministic. Probabilities, although they are the thing that everyone takes away from QM, only appear after decoherence, or after collapse if you prefer that terminology; and we Do Not Know how the particular Born probabilities arise. This is one of the genuine mysteries of modern physics.
3witzvo9yI was reflecting on this, and considering how statistics might look to a pure mathematician: "Probability distribution, I know. Real number, I know. But what is this 'rolling a die'/'sampling' that you are speaking about?" Honest answer: Everybody knows what it means (come on man, it's a die!), but nobody knows what it means mathematically. It has to do with how we interpret/model the data that we see that comes to us from experiments, and the most philosophically defensible way to give these models meaning involves subjective probability. "Ah so you belong to that minority


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|Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language||computing dictionary|
A language based on Extensible Markup Language (XML), that enables people without programming or scripting backgrounds to author multimedia presentations in a simple text editor. SMIL is suitable for use on the World-Wide Web.
SMIL uses two main tags: parallel and sequential. It refers to media objects by URLs, allowing them to be shared between presentations and stored on different servers for load balancing. The language can also associate different media objects with different bandwidths.
SMIL 1.0 became an official recommendation of the world-wide Web Consortium W3C in June 1998.
(01 May 2000)
|Bookmark with:||word visualiser||Go and visit our forums|


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||This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2009)|
Bread crumbs or breadcrumbs (regional variants: breading, crispies) are small particles of dry bread, used for breading or crumbing foods, topping casseroles, stuffing poultry, thickening stews, adding inexpensive bulk to meatloaves and similar foods, and making a crisp and crunchy coating for fried foods, especially breaded cutlets like tonkatsu and schnitzel. The Japanese variety of bread crumbs is called panko.
Dry breadcrumbs are made from dry breads which have been baked or toasted to remove most remaining moisture, and may even have a sandy or even powdery texture. Bread crumbs are most easily produced by pulverizing slices of bread in a food processor, using a steel blade to make coarse crumbs, or a grating blade to make fine crumbs. A grater or similar tool will also do.
The breads used to make soft or fresh bread crumbs are not quite as dry, so the crumbs are larger and produce a softer coating, crust, or stuffing. The crumb of bread crumb is also a term that refers to the texture of the soft, inner part of a bread loaf, as distinguished from the crust, or "skin".
Different from croutons
They are not to be confused with croutons, though both are made of dried bread. Croutons are approximately cubic pieces typically 0.5 to 8 cubic centimeters in size while breadcrumbs are irregularly shaped and range in size from roughly 1 to 500 cubic millimeters. Both probably originated as a way to use stale bread and unwanted crust.
Panko (パン粉) is a variety of flaky bread crumb used in Japanese cuisine as a crunchy coating for fried foods, such as tonkatsu. Panko is made from bread baked by passing an electric current through the dough, yielding bread without crusts. It has a crisper, more airy texture than most types of breading found in Western cuisine and resists absorbing oil or grease when fried, resulting in a lighter coating. White panko is made from bread which has had the crusts removed while tan "panko" is made from the whole loaf of bread. Outside Japan, its use is becoming more popular in both Asian and non-Asian dishes: It is often used on fish and seafood and is often available in Asian markets, specialty stores, and, increasingly, in many large supermarkets.
Panko is produced worldwide, particularly in Asian countries, including Japan, Korea, Thailand, China, and Vietnam.In February 2012, the US fast-food chain Wendy's introduced a cod fillet sandwich that they advertised as having a panko breading.
The Japanese first learned to make bread from the Portuguese: The word panko is derived from pão (Portuguese for "bread") and -ko, a Japanese suffix indicating "flour", "crumb", or "powder" (as in komeko, "rice powder", sobako, "buckwheat flour", and komugiko, "wheat flour").
Breading (also known as crumbing) is a dry grain-derived food coating for a piece of food such as meat, vegetable, poultry, fish, shellfish, crustacean, seitan, or textured soy, made from bread crumbs or a breading mixture with seasonings. Breading can also refer to the process of applying a bread-like coating to a food. Breading is well suited for frying as it lends itself to creating a crisp coating around the food. Breading mixtures can be made of breadcrumb, flour, cornmeal, and seasoning that the item to be breaded is dredged in before cooking. If the item to be breaded is too dry for the coating to stick, the item may first be moistened with buttermilk, raw egg, or other liquid.
Breading contrasts with batter, which is a grain-based liquid coating for food that produces a smoother and finer texture, but which can be softer overall.
- "Panko Bread Crumbs: The Secrets Revealed". YouTube. 2010-04-01. Retrieved 2012-11-17.
- Marshall, Jo (2010-10-05). "COOKCABULARY: Panko is a crumby ingredient - Fall River, MA". The Herald News. Retrieved 2012-11-17.


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Older persons in emergencies
1 April 2012 - Emergency situations are increasing worldwide and older people remain one of the most seriously affected groups. Yet, the needs and contributions of older people are generally overlooked by humanitarian organizations in terms of policy and practice.
There are specific health and social factors that can, separately or in combination, affect older persons and impact on them during an emergency situation. These include:
- physical heath
- oral health and dentition
- mental health
- functional status and disability
- lifestyle habits
- family and social relations
- economic situation, and
- gender considerations.
Awareness of the needs and contributions of older persons
Consideration of these issues can help ensure that older people at risk can be identified before, during and following an emergency situation. For example, impairments that in normal circumstances do not interfere with daily functioning, can quickly become handicaps that overwhelm the person's capacity to cope in an emergency situation. An older person with arthritic knees, diminished vision and poor hearing can rapidly become incapable of getting food or receiving messages to flee from danger.
For WHO, older people are not simply a vulnerable population group. Rather, they are, in general, very resilient and their knowledge of their community, experience with past emergencies as well as positions of respect within families and communities, makes them valuable resources that should be drawn upon.
Awareness of the needs and contributions of older persons among those developing policies and guidelines and providing care can contribute to more effective interventions, including equitable access to essential health and social services to older people during all phases of an emergency.
WHO has been actively engaged in building awareness about the needs and the positive contributions of older people. Several publications on older people in emergencies have been developed including the report, "Older persons in emergencies: An active ageing perspective" was based on case studies undertaken in 2006-2007 by WHO, the Public Health Agency of Canada and Help the Aged, UK.


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Phlebectomy is a minimally-invasive procedure that is used to treat severe cases of venous disease caused by a condition known as venous reflux, in which damaged veins allow blood to flow backward and pool. It involves the physical removal of a diseased vein in the following manner:
- The affected veins are mapped using a marker while the patient is in a standing position.
- The veins to be removed are anesthetized with local anesthesia
- A series of small punctures are made that follow the course of the marked veins.
- A tiny crochet-needle like instrument is inserted into the punctures, through which small segments of the veins are gently removed, one at a time.
As a result of this procedure, blood that had been pooling in the affected vein will re-route its course through healthy veins.


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Nettles a favorite food of prehistoric people?In Britain, archaeologists have uncovered one of the most valuable accumulation of artifacts dating back 3,000 years and which reveals details of daily life in the Bronze Age people.
Objects found in a marshy area to the east of England, County Cambridgeshire, near the town of Peterborough. Archaeological sites in this area are famous for the many interesting objects unearthed in recent years.
The new findings are wicker baskets, wooden handles for swords, fragments of textiles, swords and spears and bronze – to the enormous surprise of archaeologists – not less than six boats, boats monoxile (carved from a single trunk tree), oak, excellent preserved most of them is over 8 feet long.
Another very interesting discovery was a bowl containing food scraps; analyzes showed that this was a nettles food.
Buried under a layer of peat and mud, not exposed to air, the items are extremely well preserved. It is one of the most remarkable discoveries in the UK, in terms of volume and conservation status of parts, and scientists expect to find other objects, as they dig deeper.
Excavations are funded company Hanson, a company producing bricks and cement, in a project planning.
Items will be subject to specific conservation procedures, before being presented at the exhibition.
Source: Mail Online


George Hetherington
Born of musical parents, George spent five years of his years of his boyhood in Durham Cathedral Choir. After grammar school came National Service, spent in Singapore, where he played piano for a while in the famous Raffles Hotel. On leaving college he taught music, including Ferryhill Grammar School, where he began a long partnership with Fred Wharton.
George first joined DMTC (then DAOS) in 1955 and is the third successive Musical Director with Durham Cathedral connections, following Cyril Maude and G Chandos Cradock. He has conducted most of the operatic societies in the North East, but spends most of his time these days arranging music for various musical organisations and soloists. George also has a flourishing concert programme, which he performs throughout the region.


Biochemical composition of red, green and brown seaweeds on the Swedish west coast
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2020
Seaweed biomass has the potential to become an important raw material for bio-based production. The aim of this study was to screen the overall composition of several seaweed species on the Swedish west coast, including some scarcely studied species, to provide fundamentals for evaluation of biorefining potential and to benchmark with already potentially industrially relevant species and commercially important land-based biomasses. Twenty-two common seaweed species (green, red, brown) were collected and the carbohydrate, ash, protein, water and metal contents were measured. Carbohydrate content varied between 237 and 557 g kg−1 dry weight (dw), making it the largest constituent, on a dry weight basis, of most species in the study. Ash, which is considered unwanted in biorefining, ranged between 118 and 419 g kg−1 dw and was the largest constituent in several seaweeds, which were therefore considered unsuitable for biorefining. Protein content was most abundant in the red seaweeds but was generally low in all species (59–201 g kg−1 dw). High contents of several unwanted metals for processing or human consumption were found (e.g. aluminium, arsenic, copper, chromium and nickel), which need to be considered when utilizing seaweeds for certain applications. Potential targets for further biorefinery development mostly include species already known for their potential (Saccharina latissima, Laminaria digitata and Chondrus crispus) while some, such as Halidrys siliquosa and Dilsea carnosa, have not been previously noted. However, more detailed studies are required to explore biorefinery processes for these seaweeds, as well as how to potentially cultivate them.
Biochemical composition
Water content
Joakim Olsson
Chalmers, Biologi och bioteknik, Industriell bioteknik
Gunilla B. Toth
Göteborgs universitet
Eva Albers
Chalmers, Biologi och bioteknik, Industriell bioteknik
Journal of Applied Phycology
0921-8971 (ISSN) _PHONE_ (eISSN)
Vol. 32 5 3305-3317
Annan biologi
Mer information
Senast uppdaterat


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WordCount Example in Python
The program reads text files and counts how often words occur. The input is text files and the output is text files, each line of which contains a word and the count of how often it occured, separated by a tab. To create some input, take your a directory of text files and put it into DFS.
bin/hadoop dfs -put my-dir in-dir
Each mapper takes a line as input and breaks it into words. It then emits a key/value pair of the word and 1. Each reducer sums the counts for each word and emits a single key/value with the word and sum.
As an optimization, the reducer is also used as a combiner on the map outputs. This reduces the amount of data sent across the network by combining each word into a single record.
To compile the example, build the Hadoop code and the python word count example:
ant cd src/examples/python./compile cd../../..
Note that you need to have jythonc and javac on your path for the compilation to work.
To run the example, the command syntax is:
bin/hadoop jar src/examples/python/wc.jar in-dir out-dir
The results of the word count will be in out-dir/part-*.


Rare 1652 NE Threepence silver coinToday we take a look at the fascinating 1652 NE Threepence silvercoin.
In 1652, the first metallic currency was struck in England's American colonies. During this time period, the American colonies were suffering from a currency shortage. The English government had banned the export of its silver coins to its own colonies. England was experiencing a coin shortage itself and wanted to keep its small coin denominations at home, but the government also believed that the colonies should be sending wealth to England (certainly not the other way around). Even if the English government had wanted to send coins to the colonies, they were unable to do so until they had solved their own currency problems. Of the coins in circulation in the colonies, many were counterfeits. The local businesses struggled to maintain a healthy economy, particularly in bustling port towns like Boston which was already engaging in a healthy import/export trade by the mid 1600s.
The colony of Massachusetts Bay, laboring under the small change coin shortage, resolved to solve the problem on its own. Without bothering to ask approval from the English government, the General Court of Massachusetts Bay charged silversmiths John Hull and Robert Sanderson to create shilling, sixpence, and threepence coins.
The first coins struck in America were made by an illicit mint in Boston, Massachusetts. The coins were struck in silver and are known as the "NE" or "New England" type coins. The coins were struck for only three months in 1652 and are exceedingly rare. The coins were simple, irregularly shaped discs with no decoration or date. One side bore the punched initials of "NE" for New England, while the reverse bore the denomination on the reverse in Roman numerals (III for threepence, VI for sixpence, XII for shilling).
Rare 1652 NE Threepence silver coinOnly one specimen of the 1652 NE Threepence coin is known to exist, and is held in the collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, though every denomination of the surviving 1652 New England coins is a genuine rarity.
We recently came across an interesting 19th century facsimile coin designed after the extraordinarily rare 1652 New England Threepence. The 1652 NE coins were already known and valued as scarce by this time. In the mid 19th century, the hobby of coin collecting exploded into wild popularity. The surge in interest in coins led to the eternal collector's dilemma: there are only a very limited number of rare coins, and passionate collectors may never see, let alone own, the most interesting and exciting examples in their field of interest. While counterfeiting coins for use as currency has existed as long as currency has itself, the coin collecting boom now saw an increase in the creation of facsimiles of rare and desirable coins. Some of these facsimiles were honestly sold as interesting copies for the passionate and knowledgeable collector who simply wanted a version of a rarity for his own enjoyment. However, some unscrupulous people would sell the facsimiles as authentic, duping their trusting customers.
The 1652 NE Threepence coin is a fascinating glimpse into the history of the American colonies. Our version of this coin can be found in our store.
Or, click here to visit our store and see everything currently available!
The 1652 NE Threepence Silver Coin
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(c) Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association, Deerfield MA. All rights reserved. Contact us for information about using this image.
Samuel King was a minister for the Baptist Church of Christ in Wendell, Massachusetts. The church was founded in 1799 and until 1819 the congregation met in various public buildings until its own meetinghouse was built. In these diary excerpts from 1806, King mentions where he visited and what he preached. It is interesting to note that on June 5, 1806, he attended the execution of Dominic Daley and James Halligan in Northampton, MA. These two Irish immigrants were accused on May 12, 1805, of killing Marcus Lyon. Despite their insistence that they were innocent, Daley and Halligan were executed in a wave of anti-Irish, anti-Catholic sentiment. King was one of about 15,000 people who viewed the execution. Years later, another man confessed to having committed the murder for which Daley and Halligan were hanged.


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Building research capacity in Education: evidence from recent initiatives in England, Scotland and Wales.
|dc.contributor.author||Fowler, Zoe Louise|
|dc.contributor.author||Davies, Susan MB|
|dc.description.abstract||There is a pressing need to build research capacity in Education across the UK to combat the effects of the ageing research population and the increasing polarisation between research-intensive institutions and the remainder of the field. This paper draws data from three evaluations of recent initiatives across the UK to explore the necessary conditions for effectively building research capacity. Technicist and situated learning models are explored in relation to the immediate and longer term professional development of the research workforce, and we identify that central to the effectiveness of this professional learning is: (1) interpersonal support from more experienced colleagues; and (2) institutional support for research engagement, primarily in the provision of time and an infrastructure which can support research activity. We conclude that the development of, and engagement with, inter-institutional, inter-project communities is imperative to this process.|
|dc.publisher||University of Cambridge|
|dc.rights||All Rights Reserved|
|dc.title||Building research capacity in Education: evidence from recent initiatives in England, Scotland and Wales.|


Sitio de recursos de la economía social y solidaria
Exchanging visions on a plural, responsible and solidarity-based economy -RPSE
Organised and edited by Marcos Arruda, noviembre 2008
What is the purpose of this document ? (1) To summarise the writings and dialogue produced over the past three years among members of the workgroup on an Integral Vision of a Solidarity Socio-Economy (SSE) - or simply Solidarity Economy - and with other professionals and activists who took part in that dialogue ; (2) To summarise the debate on key issues in building an economy that, surpassing and supplanting the economy of capital, can go on to form a new system that is even more dynamic and innovative in developing the human person and human groups. (3) To contribute to systematising, exploring ever more thoroughly and disseminating the ideas, arguments and practices that show that another world and another humankind is possible.


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Summary. An external hard drive that is formatted as NTFS for Windows will be readable on an Apple computer, however it won't be possible to save to the drive or make any changes to it. To have read/write access to the drive, it will be necessary to format it as MS DOS FAT 32.
Configuration. Follow these steps for proper configuration of a drive for use on both Apple and Windows computers.
- Format the Entire Drive as NTFS. If the drive has become corrupted for some reason, it may be necessary to begin by formatting the entire drive as NTFS on a Windows Vista computer. This process is to prepare it for use on the Apple computer. Otherwise, skip to step #2 below.
- Format Drive or Partition as MS DOS FAT 32. This can be done on an Apple computer using the Disk Utility software (found in Hard Drive > Applications > Utilities). The entire drive could be formatted as MS DOS FAT32, or it could be partitioned to have Apple Mac OS Extended (benefits), Windows NTFS (benefits), and/or Windows MS DOS FAT32 partitions. Some Apple programs may perform better using an Apple formatted drive.
- Format Partition as NTFS. If the advantages of NTFS are desired or needed, then connect the drive to a Windows Vista computer. If the computer icon is on the desktop, then right click on it and choose Manage. If not, from the start menu, find the computer icon, then right click on it and choose Manage. In the Navigation pane, under Storage, click Disk Management. From there, right click on the drive you are interested in modifying for a context sensitive help menu. Be careful not to accidentally format or repartition your working drive.
The drive should now offer read/write access on both Apple and Windows computers for the Windows MS DOS FAT 32 partition.


How To Make Flavored Salts
Cooking Lessons from The Kitchn
From the ingredients you use to the foods you put them on, flavored salts are wide open to your imagination. Start with a flaky salt, add herbs, spices, or other ingredients, and you have a quick, unique way to season everything from sliced tomatoes to chocolate cakes. They make wonderful edible gifts, too.
Here's a step-by-step recipe with basic ratios to get you started, plus tips for how to use seasoned salts, and a few of our favorite ingredient combinations.
What You Need
Basic formula: Start with a ratio of 1 teaspoon flavorings per 1/4 cup salt. Increase flavorings to taste.
Salt: Coarser, flakier salts are preferable for their texture and appearance. Try kosher salt (least expensive option), Maldon salt, or fleur de sel. If all you have is regular table salt, you can use that with a higher proportion of flavorings.
Flavorings: Use your imagination! Think herbs, spices, chile peppers, citrus peel, edible flowers, tea leaves or powder (matcha), mushrooms, dehydrated fruits and vegetables (garlic, onions, tomatoes). Flavor ingredients should be dry in order to prevent clumping; see instructions below.
Measuring cups and spoons
Oven / food dehydrator (optional)
Mortar and pestle / coffee or spice grinder / food processor (optional)
Baking sheet (optional)
Airtight container
1. Prepare flavorings: Ingredients should be dry and small (ground, chopped, flaked).
If necessary, dry ingredients in the oven at a low temperature (150-200°F) or in a dehydrator.
- Fresh herbs may be air or oven dried, dehydrated, or microwaved.
- Citrus such as lemon, orange, and lime may be grated or peeled into strips before drying in the oven or dehydrator. You can also use whole, dried citrus slices.
- Instructions for oven drying fresh mushrooms may be found here.
2. Combine flavorings and salt: Start with 1 teaspoon flavorings and 1/4 cup salt. Combine using your fingers, a mortar and pestle, or pulse in a coffee or spice grinder or food processor. Mix well but avoid pulverizing the salt. Taste and increase the amount of flavorings, if desired.
3. Store: Store salt in an airtight container. Ideally, let it sit at least a day before using. Intensity of flavor will diminish over time, but it can last for up to a year.
4. Use: The potential uses are endless! Try sprinkling flavored salts on...
Avocado toast
- Brownies
- Fruit salad (just a little bit!)
Fried foods like tempura and french fries
- Grilled meats
- Poached or scrambled eggs
- Popcorn
- Fresh ricotta or baked feta (serve as an appetizer with bread)
- Rims of cocktail glasses
- Roasted vegetables
- Sliced tomatoes
- Soups and stews
Additional Notes:
A few great combinations to try:
Chile-Lime Salt: 1/4 cup salt + 1 teaspoon red pepper flakes + 1 teaspoon dried lime zest + 1/4 teaspoon smoked paprika
Citrus-Rosemary Salt: 1/4 cup salt + 1/2 teaspoon dried lemon zest + 1/2 teaspoon dried orange zest + 1/2 teaspoon dried rosemary
Lavender Salt: 1/4 cup salt + 1 teaspoon dried lavender buds
Saffron-Fennel Salt: 1/4 cup salt + 1/4 teaspoon saffron threads + 1 teaspoon fennel seeds
Vanilla-Cinnamon Salt: 1/4 cup salt + seeds from 1 vanilla bean + 1/4 teaspoon ground cinnamon
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Submit your own tutorials or ideas here!
(Images: Emily Ho)


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Academic discourse is the gateway not only to educational success but to worlds of imagination, discovery and accumulated wisdom. Understanding the nature of academic discourse and developing ways of helping everyone access, shape and change this knowledge is critical to supporting social justice. Yet education research often ignores the forms taken by knowledge and the language through which they are expressed. This volume comprises cutting-edge work that is bringing together sociological and linguistic approaches to access academic discourse.
Systemic functional linguistics (SFL) is a long-established and widely-known approach to understanding language. Legitimation Code Theory (LCT) is a younger and rapidly growing approach to exploring and shaping knowledge practices. Now evermore research and practice are using these approaches together. This volume presents cutting-edge advances from this inter-disciplinary dialogue, focusing on state-of-the-art work in SFL provoked by its productive dialogue with LCT. It showcases work by the leading lights of both approaches, including the foremost scholar of SFL and the creator of LCT. Chapters introduce key ideas from LCT, new conceptual developments in SFL, studies using both approaches, and guidelines for shaping curriculum and pedagogy to support access to academic discourse in classrooms.
The book is essential reading for all appliable and educational linguists, as well as scholars and practitioners of education and sociology.
List of Contributors
Chapter 1. Academic Discourse: An Inter-Disciplinary Dialogue
J.R. Martin, Karl Maton And Y. J. Doran
Part I: Legitimation Code Theory: Opening Ideas
Chapter 2. Specialization Codes: Knowledge, Knowers and Student Success
Karl Maton And Rainbow Tsai-Hung Chen
Chapter 3. Semantic Waves: Context, Complexity and Academic Discourse
Part II: Systemic Functional Linguistics: Responses To LCT
Chapter 4. Revisiting Mode: Context In/Dependency in Ancient History Classroom Discourse
J. R. Martin and Erika Margulis
Chapter 5. Revisiting Field: Specialised Knowledge in Secondary School Science and Humanities Discourse
J. R. Martin
Part III: Bringing SFL And LCT Together to Explore Knowers and Values
Chapter 6. Seeing Values: Axiology and Implicit Evaluation in Australia's 'Invasion'
Y. J. Doran
Chapter 7. Historical Events and Processes in The Discourse of Disciplinary History and Classroom Interaction
Part IV: Academic Discourse in the Classroom
Chapter 8. Live Lectures: The Significance of Presence in Building Disciplinary Knowledge
Chapter 9. Building A Pedagogic Metalanguage, I: Curriculum Genres
Chapter 10. Building A Pedagogic Metalanguage II: Knowledge Genres
Legitimation Code Theory (LCT) first emerged as a framework for the study of knowledge and education and is now being used to analyse a growing range of different practices. It builds on the ideas of Bernstein and Bourdieu and integrates insights from diverse fields including linguistics, literary criticism, physics and anthropology. Taking an innovative multidisciplinary approach, this series presents work that uses LCT to explore and generate knowledge-building in education. The books focus on everything from cutting-edge developments in theory to new forms of educational practice, and spring from a wide range of disciplines – from physics to ballet, and dentistry to design.


What is/was the first specie of fish in the world?
Had been it the actual Salmon, the actual Tuna, had been it your shark, was it truly is or had been it your wale…What was the first specie connected with fish in the worldThank an individual!
Haikouichthys appeared to be apparently the first fish.It has been around since during this Cambrian explosion inside the early Cambrian Period it truly is still definitely not clear precisely what fish had been first then again.
One of several other probable candidates were being Ostracoderms, the first vertebrate.We were holding jawless fish and journeyed extinct close to the end with the Devonian Period.
Sharks are regarded as have come into existence over the Silurian Period but data dates them returning to the late Ordovician Time.
Oh well, that changes it a lttle bit.
The Hagfish goes 550 trillion years towards earlier Cambrian but is not really exactly considered a species of fish.
The Coelacanth has become the oldest, or even the most seasoned fish living today.
well very first the whale may be a mammal, and definitely the greatest living which they alive today will be the colecath, the actual hag sea food, and the actual mega mouth shark, as for freshwater might be gar loved ones, and the actual minnow family
First of all, a whale is not a fish its your mammal.
In line with what I believe in, there definitely is oh dear to explain to because Lord created every one of the fish together, and some of them would are extinct long ago.
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This is not a specific question, but rather someone who is looking for opinions about a typical design problem. In a component based data-driven games, I've often seen something similar to the following when accessing attributes:
int* health = mOwner->get< int >( HEALTH_ATTRIBUTE );
if (health)
 *health -= 10;
Or, alternatively:
if (mOwner->hasAttribute( HEALTH_ATTRIBUTE ))
 int health = mOwner->get< int >( HEALTH_ATTRIBUTE );
 mOwner->set( HEALTH_ATTRIBUTE, health - 10 );
Where mOwner is a pointer to the parent game object. In this example, assume that the game object stores a map of attributes which are downcasted to the correct type at runtime.
There are some problems with this approach. Mainly, it is prone to bugs since it requires the programmer to know the the type of the attribute they are after. If I was working on a small team or by myself, this wouldn't be an issue. However for my requirements, this is undesired.
The only way to have compile-time checks is to create a helper function for each attribute that returns the proper type, so our code would then look like:
int* health = Attributes::getHealth( mOwner );
Where Attributes is declared as a namespace. Because the type is known at compile time, this gives us several advantages. In addition to the compile-time check, we gain the flexibility to easily declare certain attributes as constant, or that can't be modified outside the game object, etc. Of course, the downside is that it becomes necessary to manually create a new function for each and every attribute in the game.
Thoughts? Opinions?
After thinking it through a little more, I realized there is a way to define the function once using templates to avoid code duplication. For example:
template
class Attribute
 typedef Type type;
 static int getID()
 return ID;
 static type getData( const GameObject* obj )
 return obj->getAttribute < type >( ID );
And then for each attribute we have in our game,
typedef Attribute< std::string, MODEL_NAME > ModelName;
typedef Attribute< Vector3, POSITION > Position;
typedef Attribute< int, HEALTH > Health;
///... and so on...
And when we want to access an attribute:
int health = Health::getData( mOwner );
Or alternatively, if we want to:
Health::type health = Health::getData( mOwner );
If we don't know the health attribute exists or not:
int* health = Health::getData( mOwner );
if (health)
 //....
I think this approach gives a lot of flexibility while still maintaining type safety.
share|improve this question
What is the actual question? Asking for "thoughts or opinions" is too discussion-oriented for GDSE (you could try the chat though). – Josh Petrie Jan 3 '13 at 19:52
I don't have a specific question. I'm simply looking for an opinion on what I've posted or an alternative solution to the problem. Perhaps someone has done this before and found a better way? – jlanisdev Jan 3 '13 at 20:00
GDSE is a Q&A site, though, not a discussion forum. Other places are better suited for opinion-only chat questions (and consequently I've voted to close this). – Josh Petrie Jan 3 '13 at 20:04
If you do post the question somewhere else, could you share the link? The topic sounds interesting – nairdaen Jan 3 '13 at 20:49
You cannot set a template parameter to be a string value. There's however a workaround for that. Check this paste: _URL_. This covers case of when an object doesn't have a specified attribute. You can work on the attribute as if the value always exists, but setting back the value will not add that attribute to the object. However you can still check if an object has a specific attribute and add if required. Check the usage section. – Vite Falcon Jan 4 '13 at 0:43
1 Answer 1
The level of abstraction that is done here is one that I often consider too far when it comes to a component based system. It is also one that seems more and more predominant in general software development. To me both of the examples you have given have gone too far in that there is a generic interface for accessing any type of attribute from a given object. This is not useful as the default interface and leads to the situations you have described.
My components contain data as well as logic and are focused on handling a single area. Since we are using health I will just continue with that. At the root of a inheritence tree I will have an IComponent object that gives you the very basic interface to the object that all components must complete. This gives typedef/load/save capabilities of all components. From there I would then have an ICmpHealth interface that would provide typed accessors to the data values that you would expect to deal with when looking at the health of an object. It is this interface that gives you the specific data types like int ICmpHealth::GetCurrentHealth() or ICmpHealth::GetMaxHealth().
Now when dealing with a data oriented design these are actually static accessors for me as they are acting on contiguous data blocks with offsets.. But in a general system this would replace the calls above to getting a specific attribute to getting a component interface object so something like
ICmpHealth * cmpHealth = mOwner->GetComponent(HEALTH);
if (!cmpHealth)
 throw new Exception("Expected Component for Object not available");
int health = cmpHealth->GetCurrentHealth()
So this looks like just a 'we moved the problem around' sort of answer but I want to point out what you get for this. You already have to be aware of the types of components you are using in order to use them. Same could be said about needing to know the Attributes but the scale is much smaller as the components should contain multiple attributes. What this also gives you type check safety when setting any of the attributes for a component as you are now using a specific API in order to do so and are getting compiler type validation for accessing them.
Hope this helps.
share|improve this answer
This is what I was doing previously, and it seems to be a very common design pattern. However I feel that keeping the attributes and components (data and logic, respectively) separate give more flexibility. For example, if components (or Behaviors) don't know about each other, then you can more easily re-factor them later on without breaking other code. In addition, a common interface for accessing and modifying attributes means that you can post notifications whenever they get modified, which could be useful. However, I agree that your solution is just as valid. – jlanisdev Jan 4 '13 at 0:04
I see making an easy interface to access an attribute of an object via templates just a rewrite of what the basic C++ language gives you already with you having to write all the handling code.. like what you are doing above. It is all about finding the balance between as abstract as the language itself or tied down to a class hierarchy and where you want your code to be between them I guess. – James Jan 4 '13 at 0:16
Your Answer


text:
This video teaches you
How to Plane Wood
Before you use your hand plane, make sure you sharpen the blade. To do so, place a piece of 220-grit sandpaper on a flat surface and hold the plane at a 25 degree angle so the bevel is flat against the sandpaper. Then, rub the blade in a circle until metal shavings form along its back. Place the blade back in your hand plane and adjust the angle of the blade with the depth adjustment wheel. The angle you choose will determine how thick the shavings you remove will be. If you're unsure what angle to choose, opt for a shallow angle, since you can always increase the depth of the cut if necessary. When you're ready, place your plane against the edge of your wood. Hold the knob with your non-dominant hand and press down so the plane is flush with the wood. Then, hold the back handle with your dominant hand and press forward so you're working across the surface smoothly and methodically. When you're done, lay a straight edge along your wood to check and confirm it's perfectly flat.


text:
How To Create a Trigger
English | Translate this article...
Within this howto article we will use the HT_Salary table created in the How to Create a Table howto. Once we have that table created we want to ensure that salaries can only be entered within business partners that are marked as Employees and not other ones. The system must prevent us from entering salary information for business partners that are only marked as customers or vendors.
This constraint cannot be defined as a database check constraint because it requires a SQL query which is not allowed within checks. To implement this constraint a trigger must be used. A trigger is a piece of code that is executed whenever a table is modified (on INSERT, UPDATE and/or DELETE events).
The generic documentation about Triggers in Openbravo can be found here.
Adding the Trigger to Database
Triggers do not require any description within the application dictionary. They only need to be added to the database, following the DB Prefix rule that indicates which module they belong to.
Let's first add the trigger to the database and we'll comment on it afterwards. Note that the actual SQL code varies depending on the database engine used, Postgres or Oracle. Here is an example for both:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER ht_salary_trg AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE ON ht_salary FOR EACH ROW DECLARE v_IsEmployee CHAR(1); BEGIN IF AD_isTriggerEnabled()='N' THEN RETURN; END IF; SELECT IsEmployee INTO v_IsEmployee FROM C_BPartner WHERE C_BPartner_ID = :new.C_BPartner_ID; IF v_IsEmployee = 'N' THEN RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, '_USER_@'); END IF; END ht_salary_trg;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION ht_salary_trg() RETURNS TRIGGER AS $BODY$ DECLARE DECLARE v_IsEmployee CHAR(1); BEGIN IF AD_isTriggerEnabled()='N' THEN IF TG_OP = 'DELETE' THEN RETURN OLD; ELSE RETURN NEW; END IF; END IF; SELECT IsEmployee INTO v_IsEmployee FROM C_BPartner WHERE C_BPartner_ID = NEW.C_BPartner_ID; IF v_IsEmployee = 'N' THEN RAISE EXCEPTION '%', '_USER_@'; --OBTG:-20000-- END IF; IF TG_OP = 'DELETE' THEN RETURN OLD; ELSE RETURN NEW; END IF; END; $BODY$ LANGUAGE plpgsql; CREATE TRIGGER ht_salary_trg AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE ON ht_salary FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE ht_salary_trg();
Rough breakdown of the structure from beginning to end is:
- Trigger name The name of the trigger follows the modularity naming conventions, so if we want to include the trigger in our module for which DBprefix is HT, the trigger will start with HT. In this case its name is HT_SALARY_TRG.
- When it is executed and for which table. After the trigger name we define when the trigger is going to be executed. In this case we define that it will be raised each time there is an insertion or update on our HT_SALARY table. Notice the difference between Oracle and Postgres.
- Define variables Define the local variables you require - in this case we only need one variable to store the flag if the partner is an employee or not.
- Enable soft trigger disable. This code enables the soft trigger disable, which is used to disable all triggers in the application within a particular session in Oracle:
IF AD_isTriggerEnabled()='N' THEN RETURN; END IF;
You should use this code if you are working with PostgreSQL:
IF AD_isTriggerEnabled()='N' THEN IF TG_OP = 'DELETE' THEN RETURN OLD; ELSE RETURN NEW; END IF; END IF;
- Select if it is an employee. The following saves the flag IsEmployee to a local variable that indicates if the current record is an employee or not. Note that to get the values in the current record we can use the :New.C_BPartner_ID variable, in case it is an update (not an insert) there is also an :Old set of variables with the old values before the update takes place.
SELECT IsEmployee INTO v_IsEmployee FROM C_BPartner WHERE C_BPartner_ID = :new.C_BPartner_ID;
- Raise an error if it is not correct and rollback the transaction. Once we have the v_IsEmployee we can check whether it is employee or not, and in case it is not raise an error and abort the transaction. Note that whenever a trigger raises an error the transaction is rolled back. There is a restriction with modularity here. Oracle allows a range of error codes from -20000 to -20999 for custom message, but modules cannot define custom messages in application dictionary because they cannot follow the naming rules. So when raising an error in a trigger within a module it must use one of the existing codes (and to emphasize that no special code is used -20000 should be used always), but the message shown in the UI will not be as useful as if it were created specifically for this case.
IF v_IsEmployee = 'N' THEN RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, '_USER_@'); END IF;
- To export properly a RAISE EXCEPTION from postgresql to xml files you have to add the following comment at the end of the command; --OBTG:-20000--
RAISE EXCEPTION '%', '_USER_@' ; --OBTG:-20000--
- Return the correct version of the object in case of Postgres where a trigger consists of a function plus a trigger assignment
IF TG_OP = 'DELETE' THEN RETURN OLD; ELSE RETURN NEW; END IF;
Adding translatable message
In the trigger created above the message text shown for the user is not hardcoded but rather just a name of an Message entry from the Application Dictionary. Defining the message this way allows adding translations for the message for different languages.
Details on how to create a new Message entry can be found here.
As a short summary:
In the Application Dictionary || Message window create a new record using the following details:
- Module Openbravo Howtos as this is the module containing the constraint also.
- Search key: HT_SALARY_NOT_EMPLOYEE as this is the value we use to lookup the message in the trigger.
- Message type: Depending on the type the UI for the message box will be different (green for success, yellow for warning...), in our case we want a red error message box, so we select Error.
- Message text: It is the user friendly message that will be displayed inside the message box. So let's enter: Cannot add salary for non-employee..
Oracle vs Postgres
Writing triggers for Postgres or Oracle is somewhat different so let's describe the main differences:
- trigger's in Postgres are functions that return a trigger object associated with a table for a specific action (INSERT, UPDATE or/and DELETE). In Oracle, their definition is slightly simpler. Hence there are two CREATE statements required in Postgres (one for the function and one for assigning the function as the trigger of a table) versus one in Oracle.
- the use of NEW/OLD reserved words to reference the new record (that is being inserted or updated to) or the old one (that is being deleted or updated) is different (:NEW in Oracle vs NEW in Postgres)
- Postgres trigger function must explicitly take care of returning the trigger object, also depending on the type of the trigger (e.g. the last line is IF TG_OP = 'DELETE' THEN RETURN OLD; ELSE RETURN NEW; END IF; )
For more details on database differences, please see the following article.
Exporting Triggers as Part of the Module
Whenever application dictionary or physical database is modified, it is possible to export that information to xml files belonging to the specific module. This way you can maintain Openbravo ERP database data as source code XML files (that can then be source controlled).
To do so, execute:
This will export all artifacts of the module currently marked as In Development within the application dictionary.
For further explanations read the Development tasks document.


The American Heart Association Recognizes
 Baptist Grove as a Fit-Friendly Church
 The American Heart Association has recognized Baptist Grove as a fit-friendly church and has awarded the church Gold Status Certification.
 The American Heart Association's Fit-Friendly certification program recognizes
 employers and clergy who go above and beyond when it comes to their member's health. A Fit-friendly church reaches gold and platinum level status by
 implementing various activities and programs to encourage physical activity,
 choices in vending machines, promote annual member health risk assessments and other online tools.
 Gold-level churches must meet the following criteria:
 1. Offer members physical activity options at the church
 2. Increase healthy eating options at the church
 3. Promote a wellness culture in the church


text:
16 November 2023
Manifesto for a Better Children's Internet
Join us as we introduce the concept of the 'Children's Internet' and outline evidence-based principles for improving how children experience digital products and services. A better Children's Internet is possible and essential and we are calling on industry, governments, parents and carers, and researchers to take action.
Michael Dezuanni and Aleesha Rodriguez will represent a team of researchers from across the ARC Centre of Excellence for the Digital Child to outline the six areas that 'make up' the Children's Internet: Access, Imaginaries, Entertainment, Education, Regulation and Participation. They will provide aspirational solutions for creating a better Children's Internet and will outline practical ways you can start to take make a difference.


text:
In vivo Simultaneous Monitoring by Pt - disk Microelectrodes of Intracerebral Hydrogen Peroxide and Dopamine in Rats
A technique was developed for simultaneous monitoring of temporal changes in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and dopamine (DA) levels by using Pt-disk microelectrodes (φ 30 μm). H2O2 and DA were determined by differential double-pulse amperometry (for H2O2; 1st step, 750 mV, 1000 ms; 2nd step, 1100 mV, 1000 ms: for DA; 1st step, 150 mV, 600 ms; 2nd step, 250 mV, 50 ms). The electrode for H2O2 or DA is capable of determining each target substance and these substances do not interfere with each other. For an in vivo application, the electrodes were implanted into the striatum of rats and used successfully to monitor intrastriatal changes in H2O2 and DA simultaneously after intraperitoneal injection of methamphetamine while the animals were moving freely.
- Chemistry letters
Chemistry letters 1999(6), 497-498, 1999-06-05
The Chemical Society of Japan


Dog ate chocolate?
ask a vet
Brown near cat's vagina.
Species: Cat
Breed: american shorthair
Age: 2-5 years
Talia has brown in her fur around her vagina and I wiped it with a baby wipe and it is brown on the wipe. She has always had urinary issues in that she wont use the litter box to urinate. She goes on wee wee pads. I do not see blood in her urine. Should I be concerned?
Online vet, Dr. Marie
Dr. Marie replied:
Thanks for your question. Sometimes it can be normal to see some brown staining around the vaginal area of a cat. However, it's also possible that there is brown staining because she has been overgrooming the area. This could happen if there is some type of infection, either in the skin surrounding the area, in the vagina or possibly even a urinary tract infection or something called interstitial cystitis. Interstitial cystitis is something that we don't fully understand but it can cause a cat to feel like she has to urinate often.
So how do we tell whether there is a problem? The answer lies in watching her behavior. Over the next few days, take note of how often you see her licking this area. A normal cat should not be seen regularly doing this, but if you see her doing this several times a day then I think there is likely some irritation there and she should see the vet.
Also, take note of how often she is urinating. Even though you are not seeing blood, if she is going to the litter box (or wee pads) more often than usual then this can be a sign of a problem as well.
As long as she is eating and drinking well and does not seem overly irritated, then it's probably ok to keep an eye on her for a couple of days. Here are some things that would make me want to see the vet:
-If you notice she is licking the vaginal area excessively.
-If you notice she is trying to urinate more frequently than usual.
-If you see her trying to urinate but nothing is coming out.
-If you see a yellow or green pus in the vaginal area.
-If she starts to lose her appetite or act overly lethargic.
Hope that helps and I hope she is ok.
Dr. Marie
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