text:
Pacific Rocky Intertidal Monitoring: Trends and Synthesis
Click here for Long-Term trends
Click here for Biodiversity Survey findings
Paradise Cove is located in the South Coast region of California. The site is located in an Area of Special Biological Significance (Mugu Lagoon to Latigo Point ASBS), within the Point Dume State Marine Conservation Area. There is at least one storm water discharge in the vicinity of this site, and this site is 1.2 miles northeast of the Point Dume Mussel Watch site. This moderately sloping site consists of moderately uneven terrain, containing few cracks and folds.
Paradise Cove is dominated by a mixture of consolidated sandstone bedrock and sandy beach, and the area surrounding the site is comprised of a mixture of consolidated bedrock and sandy beach. The primary coastal orientation of this site is southeast.
Long-Term Monitoring Surveys at Paradise Cove were established in 1994, and are done by University of California Los Angeles. Long-Term MARINe surveys currently target the following species: Chthamalus/Balanus (Acorn Barnacles), Mytilus (California Mussel), Endocladia (Turfweed), Phyllospadix (Surfgrass), and Pisaster (Ochre Star). In addition, motile invertebrates, barnacle recruitment, and mussel size structure are monitored at this site. Click here to view Long-Term trends at this site.
Biodiversity Surveys were done by University of California Santa Cruz in 2001, 2006, and 2010. The Biodiversity Survey grid encompasses two sections that are approximately 12 meters (along shore) x 10 meters (seaward), and 15 meters (along shore) x 10 meters (seaward). Click here to view Biodiversity Survey findings at this site.
For more information about Paradise Cove, please contact Rich Ambrose.


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KeySpline Property
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SplinePointKeyFrame.KeySpline Property
Gets or sets the two control points that define animation progress for this key frame.
Namespace: System.Windows.Media.Animation
Assembly: PresentationCore (in PresentationCore.dll)
public KeySpline KeySpline { get; set; }

Property Value
Type: System.Windows.Media.Animation.KeySpline
The two control points that specify the cubic Bezier curve that defines the progress of the key frame.
Identifier field
Metadata properties set to true
To understand how a KeySpline works, it is helpful to understand cubic Bezier curves. A cubic Bezier curve is defined by a start point, an end point, and two control points. The two coordinates in the KeySpline define those two control points. When describing key splines, the start point of the Bezier curve is always 0, and the end point is always 1, which is why you define only the two control points. The resulting curve specifies how an animation is interpolated during a time segment; that is, the curve represents the rate of change in the animation's target attribute over the time segment. To better see the relationship between animation progress and a Bezier curve, see Key Spline Animation Sample.
This example shows how to animate the value of a property that takes a Double by using key frames.
The following example moves a rectangle across a screen. The example uses the DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames class to animate the X property of a TranslateTransform applied to a Rectangle. This animation, which repeats indefinitely, uses three key frames in the following manner:
 1. During the first three seconds, uses an instance of the LinearDoubleKeyFrame class to move the rectangle along a path at a steady rate from its starting position to the 500 position. Linear key frames like LinearDoubleKeyFrame create a smooth linear transition between values.
 2. At the end of the fourth second, uses an instance of the DiscreteDoubleKeyFrame class to suddenly move the rectangle to the next position. Discrete key frames like DiscreteDoubleKeyFrame create sudden jumps between values. In this example, the rectangle is at the starting position and then suddenly appears at the 500 position.
 3. In the final two seconds, uses an instance of the SplineDoubleKeyFrame class to move the rectangle back to its starting position. Spline key frames like SplineDoubleKeyFrame create a variable transition between values according to the value of the KeySpline property. In this example, the rectangle begins by moving slowly and then speeds up exponentially toward the end of the time segment.
using System;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
using System.Windows.Media.Animation;
using System.Windows.Media;
namespace Microsoft.Samples.KeyFrameExamples
 ///
 /// This example shows how to use the DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames class to
 /// animate the position of an object.
 /// Key frame animations enable you to create complex animations
 /// by specifying multiple destination values
 /// and controlling the animation's interpolation method.
 ///
 public class AltDoubleAnimationUsingKeyFramesExample : Page
 public AltDoubleAnimationUsingKeyFramesExample()
 Title = "DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames Example";
 Background = Brushes.White;
 Margin = new Thickness(20);
 // Create a NameScope for this page so that
 // Storyboards can be used.
 NameScope.SetNameScope(this, new NameScope());
 // Create a rectangle.
 Rectangle aRectangle = new Rectangle();
 aRectangle.Width = 100;
 aRectangle.Height = 100;
 aRectangle.Stroke = Brushes.Black;
 aRectangle.StrokeThickness = 5;
 // Create a Canvas to contain and
 // position the rectangle.
 Canvas containerCanvas = new Canvas();
 containerCanvas.Width = 610;
 containerCanvas.Height = 300;
 Canvas.SetTop(aRectangle, 100);
 Canvas.SetLeft(aRectangle, 10);
 // Create a TranslateTransform to
 // move the rectangle.
 TranslateTransform animatedTranslateTransform =
 new TranslateTransform();
 aRectangle.RenderTransform = animatedTranslateTransform;
 // Assign the TranslateTransform a name so that
 // it can be targeted by a Storyboard.
 "AnimatedTranslateTransform", animatedTranslateTransform);
 // Create a DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames to
 // animate the TranslateTransform.
 DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames translationAnimation
 = new DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames();
 translationAnimation.Duration = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(6);
 // Animate from the starting position to 500
 // over the first second using linear
 // interpolation.
 new LinearDoubleKeyFrame(
 500, // Target value (KeyValue)
 KeyTime.FromTimeSpan(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3))) // KeyTime
 // Animate from 500 (the value of the previous key frame)
 // to 400 at 4 seconds using discrete interpolation.
 // Because the interpolation is discrete, the rectangle will appear
 // to "jump" from 500 to 400.
 new DiscreteDoubleKeyFrame(
 400, // Target value (KeyValue)
 KeyTime.FromTimeSpan(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(4))) // KeyTime
 // Animate from 400 (the value of the previous key frame) to 0
 // over two seconds, starting at 4 seconds (the key time of the
 // last key frame) and ending at 6 seconds.
 new SplineDoubleKeyFrame(
 0, // Target value (KeyValue)
 KeyTime.FromTimeSpan(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(6)), // KeyTime
 new KeySpline(0.6,0.0,0.9,0.0) // KeySpline
 // Set the animation to repeat forever.
 translationAnimation.RepeatBehavior = RepeatBehavior.Forever;
 // Set the animation to target the X property
 // of the object named "AnimatedTranslateTransform."
 Storyboard.SetTargetName(translationAnimation, "AnimatedTranslateTransform");
 translationAnimation, new PropertyPath(TranslateTransform.XProperty));
 // Create a storyboard to apply the animation.
 Storyboard translationStoryboard = new Storyboard();
 // Start the storyboard after the rectangle loads.
 aRectangle.Loaded += delegate(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
 Content = containerCanvas;

For the complete sample, see KeyFrame Animation Sample.
For consistency with other animation examples, the code versions of this example use a Storyboard object to apply the DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames. Alternatively, when applying a single animation in code, it is simpler to use the BeginAnimation method instead of using a Storyboard. For an example, see How to: Animate a Property Without Using a Storyboard.
.NET Framework
Supported in: 4, 3.5, 3.0
.NET Framework Client Profile
Supported in: 4, 3.5 SP1
Community Additions
© 2015 Microsoft


Why are solar panels so expensive?
by：SUNFREE 2021-03-07
1. The price of solar cells is relatively high. However, the decline in recent years has been very long. Especially the domestically produced tablets are much cheaper than imported ones. The polycrystalline third-line 156*156 basically reaches about 7.5 yuan per piece. Single crystal only needs about 9.5 pieces.
2. The processing technology of solar panels is complicated and the loss is large. Especially the small size battery board. The loss will be greater.
Solar panels (modules) are roughly divided into three categories: glass laminated components, PCB/PET laminated components, and epoxy components. The production process is complicated. Take glass laminated as an example: 1. Slicing, 2, single welding, 3, row of pieces, 4, string welding, 5, cutting various auxiliary materials, stacking, lamination, cleaning, wiring and framing, etc.
3. Because solar energy is not widely used in the market. The current market competition is only in large-scale solar power plants, so there are not so many civilian manufacturers like those who make other daily necessities. So the price will naturally be higher.
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text:
The reconstituted village of the
Droulers/Tsiionhiakwatha Archaeological Site Interpretation Center
When Jacques Cartier arrived, the St. Lawrence Valley was inhabited by various Native communities, including the St. Lawrence Iroquoians. By the beginning of the 17th century, the St. Lawrence Iroquoian population seems to have deserted the St. Lawrence Valley, while several other groups, including the Huron-Wendats and the Five-Nation Iroquois, vied for control of the area. Like their St. Lawrence Iroquoian compatriots, the Iroquoians living at Saint-Anicet left few clues as to their fate.
Nevertheless, these people's traditions may not be entirely lost, and certain communities are making an effort to ensure that they are kept alive for future generations.
© Droulers/Tsiionhiakwatha Archaeological Site Interpretation Center, 2012. All rights reserved.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
During this year's currently ongoing DMY festival in Berlin, the German design practice Studio Aisslinger presents its new edition of seating furniture. With 'Network' Werner Aisslinger and his team created light and transparents structures based on the smart combination of high technologies and traditional stitching techniques.
"The volumes are first translated with software into 2d projections of themselves that can be directly programmed into the machines that stitch the pattern into a carrying surface. The carrying surface is then dissolved and the embroidered 2d pattern becomes free to form a 3d object. The objects formed by the stitched honeycomb structures are fixed over a fiberglass mould and impregnated with resin in order to make them rigid and constructive", the designers explain.
'NETwork' was developed together with a traditional German manufacturer in Plauen, a region with a long tradition in stitching and embroidery. The fabrics are made by the Danish manufacturer Kvadrat.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Letter-writing saves history
Letter-writing saves history!
In 1863, 1944 and 1961, three people each wrote one letter and thereby saved history for the fourth-graders in November 2013 who were attending a hands-on career day at Jackson's Northview Elementary.
The Civil War era letter in cursive, the WWII typewritten letter and the 1961 hand-printed letter from New York City rocked the Common Core Standards approach!
We used writing letters as a guide to life skills. I illustrated the ways science, math, social studies and reading are all a part of my job as Director at the Jones Museum as seen through the preservation and use of those letters written during the past 150 years. Also, we worked at reaching conclusions about the letters and the situations of the letter writers as related to Jackson County history.
For 20 minutes, history was alive in that school library through those letters.
Remember, no matter the date or topic, every letter is valuable because it tells a story and contributes to lifelong learning.
So be a superhero and save history.
Hurry and write at least one letter in 2013 and beyond!
Posted on Wed, November 27, 2013
by Megan Malone filed under


Bistable perception
Necker_cubeBistable perception is a phenomenon caused by a visual stimulus, which generates two different perceptions in the subject who sees it. Bistable perception instances result in particular from:
– The Necker cube
– the Rubin's vase
– The duck / rabbit illusion
Cases of bistable perception attract the interest because they raise questions about the causes that lead to the bistable phenomenon of perception, but also because there are individual differences in this type of sensitive perception. In particular, the frequency changes or the duration of one of the alternative perceptions vary considerably among individuals. This raises questions about the factors that induce this or that particular response with regard to this phenomenon, in a given individual.
The bistable perception can also be regarded as a special case of multi-stable perception, where only two different views are possible from the same stimulus.
read more
An instance of one-sideness bias
Let us consider the following (in deductive form) instance of the one-sidedness bias, mentioned by Philippe Boulanger (2000, p. 3)1. Ulam estimates that if a company were to achieve a level of workforce large enough, its performance would be paralysed by the many internal conflicts that would result. Ulam estimates that the number of conflicts between people would increase according to the square of the number of employees, while the impact on the work that would result would only grow as a function of. Thus, according to this argument, it is not desirable that the number of employees within a company becomes important. However, it turns out that Ulam's reasoning is fallacious, as Boulanger points it out, for it focuses exclusively on the conflictual relations between employees. But the 2 relationships among the company employees can well be confrontational, but may include as well collaborative relationships that are quite beneficial for the company. And so there is no reason to favour conflictual relationships with respect to collaborative ones. And when among 2 relationships established between the company employees, some are genuine collaborative relationships, the effect is, instead, of improving business performance. Therefore, we can not legitimately conclude that it is not desirable that the workforce of a company reaches a large size.
read more
Dual poles
fig2The dual poles can de defined as neutral concepts, which come in pairs, and are such that each of them is defined as the opposite of the other. For example, internal can be defined as the opposite of external and symmetrically, external can be defined as the contrary of internal. In a sense, there is no primitive notion here and neither A nor Ā of the dual poles can be regarded as the primitive notion.
Examples of dual poles are: static, dynamic, internal, external, qualitative, quantitative, absolute, relative, diachronic, synchronic, etc..
The dual poles are neutral concepts, as well as simple qualities. They also differ from vague notions.
The dual poles are neutral concepts, i.e. concepts that present no ameliorative or pejorative nuance. In this sense, external, internal, concrete, abstract, etc.., are dual poles, unlike concepts such as beautiful, ugly, brave, which present either a ameliorative or pejorative shade, and are therefore non-neutral, since beautiful has a positive connotation and ugly has a pejorative connotation.
read more
Dialectical monism in Aztec philosophy
Reference: James Maffie, Aztec Philosophy, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
read more
Dialectical monism in Heraclitus
In the antique Western world, dialectical monism appears not much widespread. But we notably find an elaborate form of dialectical monism in Heraclitus. Several fragments of the philosophy of Heraclitus reflect the expression of this unity that results from the joint presence of two dual principles. For example, the Eigth fragment:
and also the Tenth fragment:
Things grasped together: things whole, things not whole; being brought together, being separated; consonant, dissonant. Out of all things one thing, out of one thing all things.
Here we find the expression of dialectical monism, through the union of opposites. We see how the dialectic proceeds from the union of opposites : the consonant and dissonant. This dialectical approach that underpins the philosophy of Heraclitus is also illustrated in Fragment 51:
read more
dual-largeDualities are pair of neutral concepts which come in pairs, such as each of the two concepts is the opposite of the other.
We can denote a given duality by A/Ā, A and Ā begin the two opposite concepts, which are termed dual poles.
Examples of dualities include: Internal/External, Quantitative/Qualitative, Visible/Invisible, Absolute/Relative Abstract/Concrete, Static/Dynamic, Diachronic/Synchronic, Single/Multiple, Extension/Restriction, Aesthetic/Practical, Precise/Vague, Finite/Infinite, Single/Compound, Individual/Collective, Analytical/Synthetic, Implicit/Explicit, Voluntary/Involuntary
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Dichotomous analysis applied to paradox resolution
dichoThe dichotomous analysis as a methodology that can be used to search for solutions to some paradoxes and philosophical problems, results from the statement of the principle of dialectical indifference. The general idea underlying the dichotomous approach to paradox analysis is that two versions, corresponding to one and the other pole of a given duality, can be untangled within a philosophical paradox. The corresponding approach then is to find a reference class which is associated with the given paradox and the corresponding duality A/Ā, as well as the two resulting variations of the paradox that apply to each pole of this duality.
However, every duality is not well-suited to this approach, as for many dualities, the corresponding version of the paradox remains unchanged, regardless of the pole under consideration. In the dichotomous method, one focuses on finding a reference class and a relevant associated duality, such that the viewpoint of each of its poles actually lead to two structurally different versions of the paradox, or the disappearance of paradox from the point of view of one of the poles. Thus, when considering the paradox in terms of two poles A and Ā, and if it has no effect on the paradox itself, the corresponding duality A/Ā reveals itself therefore, from this point of view, irrelevant.
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Viewpoint of a pole
Fig3Let us define the concept of point of view related to a given pole of an A/Ā duality: we get then, for example (at the level of the extension/restriction duality) the standpoint by extension, as well as the viewpoint by restriction. Similarly, the qualitative viewpoint or perspective results from it, as well as the quantitative point of view, etc.. (at the level of the qualitative/quantitative duality). Thus, when considering a given object o (either a concrete or an abstract object such as a proposition or a reasoning), we may consider it in relation to various dualities, and at the level of the latter, relative to each of its two dual poles.
The underlying idea inherent to the viewpoint relative to a given duality, or to a given pole of a duality, is that each of the two poles of the same duality, all things being equal, deserve an equal legitimacy. In this sense, if we consider an object o in terms of a duality A/Ā, one should not favour one of the poles with respect to the other. To obtain an objective point of view with respect to a given duality A/Ā, one should place oneself in turn from the perspective of the pole A, and then from that of the pole Ā. For an approach that would only address the viewpoint of one of the two poles would prove to be partial and truncated. The fact of considering in turn the perspective of the two poles, in the study of an object o and of its associated reference class allows to avoid a subjective approach and to meet as much as possible the needs of objectivity.
read more
Principle of dialectical indifference
(Illustration from Wikimedia commons)
read more
Ambiguous images
Conflict resolution
Conflict resolution with matrices of concepts
Conflict types relating to matrices of concepts
Dialectical contextualism
Dialectical monism
Dialectical monism in ancient Aztec philosophy
Dialectical monism in Heraclitus
Dichotomic analysis
Dichotomic analysis applied to paradox resolution
Dual poles
Instance of one-sidedness fallacy
Matrices of concepts
Bistable cognition
Bistable perception
Omission of the neutral
One-sidedness bias
Philosophical paradox as conflict
Polar contraries
Principle of dialectical indifference
Reference class
Reference class problem
Reference class problem in philosophical paradoxes
Reference class problem in the Doomsday argument
Reference class problem in Hempel's paradox
Reference class problem in the Surprise examination paradox
System of taxa
Viewpoint of a duality
Viewpoint of a given pole
read more


text:
For the last few years, there's been discussion within the agriculture community about a shortage of food animal veterinarians and finding solutions to help generate interest in the profession. Since then enrollments in many veterinary schools are up, but an American Association of Bovine Practioners' committee report says there actually is not a shortage of food animal veterinarians, but rather an issue of rural economies being able to sustain large animal practices.
Since the first reports on the shortage of food animal veterinarians, the economy has taken a downturn, including serious financial losses in the dairy segment, shrinking herd sizes and agriculture in general continuing to consolidate, explains Christine Navarre, Louisiana State University Extension veterinarian and AABP president. And some graduates are finding it difficult to find jobs.
"With the changing economy, the job market in general is tough," she explains. "This report served as a reality check, and found that there are pockets of under served rural areas but not necessarily a shortage of veterinarians to fill those needs."
The problem is that those under served rural areas are not able to sustain a veterinary practice. She explains it's similar to rural issues with human healthcare, and requires some examination of alternative solutions to serving those communities rather than flooding the food-animal veterinary field with qualified graduates and limited job openings.
To address the issue of providing veterinary care in under served rural areas, the AABP has set up three new subcommittees that will:
- Identify alternative and sustainable business models in rural areas.
- Develop tools to help veterinarians hone business skills.
- Look at the role of veterinary technicians to fill this gap.


text:
What is the XPS Viewer?
An XPS document is any file that is saved in the XML Paper Specification, or.xps, file format. You can create XPS documents (.xps files) by using any program that you can print from in Windows; however, you can only view XPS documents by using an XPS Viewer, such as the one included in this version of Windows.
When you click an XPS document, it opens automatically in the XPS Viewer. There are several options for viewing and managing XPS documents in the XPS Viewer, including:
Saving a copy of an XPS document to your computer
Searching the document for a word or phrase
Zooming in or out to make text and pictures easier to read
Digitally signing the XPS document
Determining who can access the document and for how long by applying document permissions
For more information about the XPS document format, see XPS documents: frequently asked questions. For more information about the XPS Viewer, see Using the XPS Viewer.


NHS Eye Tests
NHS Eye Tests
At Camden Opticians Group, we are delighted to offer free NHS eye tests to those who are eligible. These tests are funded by the NHS and carried out by one of our friendly and experienced optometrists at our practices. NHS eye tests include a free vision check, as well as checking for any health problems or medical issues.
NHS eye tests can help to identify any changes in your vision, allowing us to help you find the right lenses and frames to help you improve your vision moving forward. We can also check for any signs of health conditions, such as glaucoma.
If one of the groups below applies to you, you are eligible for a free NHS eye test:
 - You are under the age of 16
 - You are 16, 17 or 18 and in full-time education
 - You are 60 or over
 - You are over 40 and a close relative, such as mother, father, sibling or child has been diagnosed with glaucoma
 - You are entitled to an NHS complex lens voucher
 - You have been advised by an ophthalmologist (eye doctor) that you are at risk of glaucoma
 - You have been diagnosed with glaucoma or diabetes
 - You are registered as blind or partially sighted
 - You are a prisoner on leave from prison
You are also entitled if you or your partner receive the following, or if you're under the age of 20 and are the dependent of someone receiving:
 - Income support
 - Income-related employment and support allowance
 - Income-based jobseeker's allowance
 - Pension credit guarantee credit
 - Universal credit
You might also be entitled to an optical voucher for help towards the cost of your glasses or contact lenses. This includes the following groups:
 - You are under 16
 - You are a prisoner on leave from prison
 - You are eligible for an NHS complex lens voucher
 - You receive any of the above support or allowance
In some cases, you may also be eligible for a mobile sight test. This is where an optometrist can visit you at home, at a residential or care home, or at a day centre. This usually occurs due to a physical or mental illness or disability that means you cannot leave your home.
Let us help you in carrying out an NHS eye test and advise on the right prescription lenses or treatment. We can answer any questions you might have about your vision or eye health.
You can book an appointment easily online or by calling our practice. We deliver a professional service, and you can rest assured your vision health is in the hands of experienced and trusted staff.


text:
Direct quantification of metal-organic interactions by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)
Metal speciation significantly influences the geochemical cycling of trace metals and can control metal bioavailability and toxicity, Advanced analytical techniques have been applied to address some difficulties encountered in identifying metal organic species. In this method, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) was directly coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine conditional stability constants of metal complexes with strong organic ligands in competitive equilibration experiments. molecular size calibration of the column was performed with polystyrenesulfonate standards and the effects of hydrophobic interactions on the column were determined. Metal concentrations corresponding to different organic fractions were measured directly, in the SEC column effluent, by ICP-MS. The method was validated with well-defined organic ligands in ligand competition studies with a single metal and a binary metal mixture. The distribution of metal-ligand species deter mined analytically was shown to correspond to the calculated equilibrium speciation, Model studies using metal complexes,vith weaker organic ligands demonstrated that the technique is subject to kinetic limitations since labile metal-organic complexes can dissociate during chromatographic separation. Nonetheless, the kinetic window of the method should be appropriate for the strong Ligands postulated to control metal speciation in natural waters.


text:
If it is indeed nobler to give than to receive, it may also make you happier – even if you're a toddler, according to a new study co-authored by three psychologists at the University of British Columbia.
The study, published in PLoS One, an on-line journal from the Public Library of Science, finds that toddlers under the age of two are happier when giving treats to others than receiving treats themselves. Furthermore, children are happier when they give their own treats away than when they give an identical treat that doesn't belong to them.
These findings support recent research showing that adults feel good when they help others and may help explain why people act pro-socially, even when doing so involves personal cost. This is the first study to show that giving to others makes young children happy.
NB Editors: Watch a video from the study, featuring one toddler participating with a puppet, at: _URL_ See the study at _URL_
"People tend to assume that toddlers are naturally selfish," said Dr. Lara Aknin, who co-authored the study with UBC colleagues Profs. Kiley Hamlin and Elizabeth Dunn. "These findings show that children are actually happier giving than receiving."
During the study, each toddler received some treats, such as Goldfish crackers. A few minutes later, the toddler was asked to give one of these treats away to a puppet. In addition, the experimenter provided an extra treat and asked the child to give this to the puppet. The children's reactions were videotaped and later rated for happiness on a seven-point scale.
When toddlers shared their own treat with a puppet, they displayed greater happiness than when giving a treat provided by the researcher. This contrast underscores the role of personal sacrifice, and rather than finding it aversive, suggests that children find this behaviour emotionally rewarding.
"What's most exciting about these findings is that children are happiest when giving their own treats away," said Aknin, lead author of the study. "Forfeiting their own valuable resources for the benefit of others makes them happier than giving away just any treat."
These findings shed light on a long-standing puzzle: Why do humans help others, including people they've just met? Part of the answer, it seems, is that giving feels good. The fact that toddlers show the warm glow of giving suggests that the capacity to derive joy from helping others is deeply woven into human nature.


text:
Economic Concepts Poster Contest
Economics Concepts Poster Contest
A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words
Teachers of grades 1-8 use the Poster Contest to stimulate students' interest in the fundamentals of our economic system. The program also helps students learn about the economy and have fun doing it, while creatively demonstrating their understanding of the economy.
On average, 3,000 students participate in the program each year, gaining a better understanding of basic economic concepts by depicting them as artwork!
Students represent in a color drawing, one of six basic economic concepts. Teachers submit their entries to a regional contest in which twelve winners are selected, along with at least twelve honorable mention entries. Entries are judged on accuracy of concept representation and originality.
See the list of regional contests, and find out which one you should enter, on the How to Enter page.
The top twenty-four entries from each regional contest advance to the state competition from which twelve drawings are selected as state winners. Each year, a twelve-month color calendar is produced from the twelve state winners' drawings, and distributed in the fall of the year.
At both the regional and state levels, winning students receive monetary awards and certificates. Teachers also receive recognition. Regional contests may culminate in a reception for students, teachers and family.


text:
"Richtung" is a noun used in the prepositional meaning of a movement or view into a direction.
Unlike directional prepositions (nach etc.), it concentrates solely on the act of moving (viewing) and its special direction.
"Richtung" can be preceded by the prepositions "in" (with accusative, to name the destination of the movement) and "aus" (dative, to name the starting point of the movement) and
its article "die/der". It has to be followed by a name word, substantive or subordinate clause.
In the latter case, "Richtung" keeps its substantive character and must be preceded by its article.
If a substantive follows, the article of this can in some cases be omitted.
Some rules for the use of the preposition and article before "Richtung" and
the article before a following substantive.
1) If a name word or a substantive used in its general meaning follows, "Richtung" can only be preceded by "in/aus". "In" can be omitted.
Wir kamen aus Richtung München.
Er ging (in) Richtung Autobahn.
2) If the article (or a possesive pronoun) is used to point on a specific substantive, "Richtung"
must be preceded by "in/aus", and the article can be inserted. The following substantive has the genitive.
Wir liefen in (die) Richtung des Feuers.
3) if a subordinate clause follows, "Richtung" must be preceded by preposition and article.
Sie sah in die Richtung, aus der die Schreie kamen.
All verbs describing some movement/view of the acting subject or objects used by the subject can be used in connection with "Richtung", like
- gehen, laufen, wandern, kommen etc.
- blicken, schauen, sehen; zeigen
"Richtung" emphasizes the movement and its direction. It should not be used if end point of the movement should be integrated in the expression. In this case, "nach", "zu", "in" or other prepositions are the right choice.
Let me know if I should add/clarify things. Please criticize if something is incorrect.


text:
With the Super Bowl this weekend, I thought it was a good time to examine a little bit of the science behind what makes a Super Bowl quarterback so impressive.
This also fits with what we have learned in class over the last week, since much of the article deals with Neuroscience psychology. I found an interesting article about the brain of NFL caliber quarterbacks in a recent article posted on Psychology Today.
Here is the link: _URL_
One part of the article I found especially interesting was the portion about the extra oxygen and glucose in the neurons in the brain. This allows both quarterbacks brains to function at a higher level and create new synapses. It was fascinating to me that through experience, both Eli Manning and Tom Brady (the two quarterbacks in this years Super Bowl) have an ability to make themselves function at a high level.
They seem to be able to control their bodies enough so that they are able to perform their best in times of need, which is absolutely incredible. This ability seems to be helped when Manning and Brady think about game-scenarios. This allows the synapses to strengthen and help ensure the brain will "fire" when the game is on the line.
After reading this article, I wonder how long it took each quarterback to develop this ability. I also wonder if other athletes in other sports have a similar ability or whether or not athletes can be trained to develop this ability from a young age.


text:
Nothing to Write Home About
British Family Correspondence and the Settler Colonial Everyday in British Columbia
In the context of surging interests in reconciliation and decolonization, settler colonialism increasingly occupies political, public, and academic conversations. Turning from the emphasis on Indigenous-settler relations and state policy, Nothing to Write Home About uncovers the colonial significance of trans-imperial families, the everyday, and silence in British family correspondence sent between the United Kingdom and British Columbia between 1858 and 1914.
Drawing on thousands of letters, Nothing to Write Home About is a detailed study offering insights into epistolary topics including intimacy and conflict, boredom and food, and what correspondents chose not to write about. Analyzing both the letters' content and their loaded silences, Laura Ishiguro traces how Britons used the post to navigate the family separations integral to their migration and understand British Columbia as an uncontested settler home. This book argues that these letters and their writers played a critical role in laying the foundations of a powerful, personal settler colonial order that continues to structure the province today.
Nothing to Write Home About is the first substantial study of family correspondence and settler colonialism. By underscoring the entwined significance of family and the everyday in a formative period in British Columbia, it offers a timely new lens into the global and local dynamics of settler colonialism.
Scholars of history, post-colonial studies, literary studies, biography writing, space and cultural geography, Canadian Studies, British Studies, and in the burgeoning field of settler colonial studies will find this book to be of interest.
Laura Ishiguro has written a fine book. Her meticulous examination of colonial correspondence is engaging and illuminating. She displays a considerable sensitivity for the language used by white settlers to discursively claim British Columbia and normalise their presence there. Ishiguro is especially skilful in summarising her conclusions at the end of each chapter, fluently articulating the tangled voices of British settlers.
Nothing to Write Home About brings to light some of the less-tangible, subtler aspects of British settler colonialism. It does an excellent job of showing how to make meaning out of silences, omissions, and formulaic statements in the historical record.
Laura Ishiguro's adroit study of British settler correspondence carefully and pointedly intervenes in the historiographies of British Columbia, of the imperial world, and of settler colonialism. This book is something to write home about.
Laura Ishiguro is an assistant professor in the Department of History at the University of British Columbia, where she is a historian of settler colonialism, mobility, family, and the everyday in Canada and the British Empire. Her research has been published in a number of edited collections and journals, including a 2016 article in BC Studies – "Growing Up and Grown Up […] in Our Future City: Discourses of Childhood and Settler Futurity in Colonial British Columbia" – which won the 2017 Canadian Committee on Migration, Ethnicity, and Transnationalism article prize. She has also coedited (with Esmé Cleall and Emily J. Manktelow) a 2013 special issue of the Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History on histories of family in the British Empire, and edited a 2016 special issue of BC Studies on histories of settler colonialism in British Columbia. She is an associate of the Wilson Institute for Canadian History at McMaster University (2017–20) and a recipient of the Killam Teaching Prize at UBC (2018).
Part 1: Relative Distances
1 "Bind the Empire Together": The Postal System, Family Letters, and British Columbia
2 "Affection Can Overstep Distance": The Letter as Trans-Imperial Family
Part 2: The Colonial Commonplace
3 "Absolutely Nothing Going on": Epistolary Emotion and Unremarkable Colonial Knowledge
4 "A Dreadful Little Glutton": Settler Food Practices and the Epistolary Everyday
Part 3: Family Faultlines, Fractured Knowledge
5 "Irreparable Loss": Family Rupture and Reconfiguration in Letters about Death
6 "Say Nothing": Epistolary Gossip, Silence, and the Strategic Limits of Intimacy
Notes; Bibliography; Index
Indigenous Peoples and Settlers in 19th-Century Pacific Rim Cities
Crossracial Encounters and Juridical Truths in British Columbia, _PHONE_
Guiding Modern Girls
Girlhood, Empire, and Internationalism in the 1920s and 1930s
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text:
Nitrogen split applications
The efficiency of nitrogen (N) fertilizer use can be improved by monitoring leaf color at 7- to 10-day intervals with the leaf color chart (LCC) and only applying N fertilizer as needed by the crop (see LCC fact sheet).
An alternative approach to N fertilizer timing and management is presented here for cases when it is not feasible for farmers to visit their fields on 7- to 10-day intervals.
What is the N splitting pattern approach
The splitting pattern approach provides a recommendation for the total N fertilizer requirement (kg/ha) and a plan for the splitting and timing of applications in accordance with crop growth stage, cropping season, variety used, and crop establishment method. LCC can be used to adjust individual topdressings. Estimate the required total amount of fertilizer N and develop a splitting pattern. Use the LCC at critical growth stages to adjust predetermined fertilizer N rates.
How to estimate the total fertilizer N requirement
Establish minus fertilizer (–F) plots in farmers' fields (see Fact Sheet Nutrient Omission Plots). Compare yield from the –F plot, which represents the N-limited yield, to a target yield for the site, based on knowledge of attainable yield with the anticipated crop and fertilizer management. The difference between the target yield and N-limited yield represents the anticipated response of rice to N fertilizer.
Determine the total fertilizer N requirement based on a need of 40 to 50 kg N/ha per ton of anticipated response to N. As a general principle 40 kg N per ton N response is appropriate in high yielding seasons, and 50 kg N per ton response is appropriate in lower yielding seasons. A high N requirement of 60 kg N per ton response is observed at sub-optimal N management or when target yield is near potential yield providing a low N response (< 2 t/ha).
How to use the LCC in the splitting pattern approach
Use the critical LCC values given in the Fact Sheet Leaf Color Chart to adjust the amount of split N rates based on crop demand and plant N status. For example, if 30±10 kg N per ha is recommended for a certain growth stage,
- apply 40 kg N/ha, if the leaf color is below the critical value
- apply the standard rate of 30 kg N/ha if the leaf color is equal to the critical value
- postpone the fertilizer application and apply a lower rate of 20 kg N/ha if the leaf color is above the critical LCC value.
How to develop a splitting pattern
Use the tables on the right to look up splitting patterns for fertilizer N for the recommendation domain. Further adaptation to local conditions with farmers' participation may be required.


text:
First the context. There are two similar words that cannot be confused:
- Millar → Conjunto de mil unidades. → Set of one thousand elements.
- Millón → Mil millares. → One million.
I've seen a couple of times the word millar used when millón should be used, I think because the former is less used since there are other ways to express its meaning, e.g.:
Millares de personas salieron a las calles
Miles de personas salieron a las calles
Thousands of people marched on the streets.
My question is the following:
Is it advisable to use miles instead of millares to avoid confusion, or is their difference actually understood among Spanish speaking people?


Indologist confirms maize in ancient sculptures
Jonathan Stone jonathan at Cup.DSG.Stanford.EDU
Tue Oct 27 17:31:11 EST 1998
In article <715c2s$fh9$2 at>, brianm at (Brian McLaughlin) writes:
|> I still say that kernals, husks and cornsilk would yield a
|> complete identification as maize. I have yet to see these
|> three elements, but I will try to hunt up the publications
|> you mentioned.
There is also the question of how the beading pattern changes as the
object narrows at the top. doe the number of beads stay relatively
consant but shrink in size, or do they stay about the same size but
reduce in number?
i havent noticed a True Beleivers answer that question yet;
did i miss it?
More information about the Bioforum mailing list


text:
6th Floor, William Pitt Union
The Office of Cross-Cultural and Leadership Development houses various cultural student organizations.
CCLD's mission is to facilitate holistic learning and development by providing opportunities for students, faculty, and staff to deepen their cultural awareness and understanding as well as develop leadership skills and a strong sense of civic responsibility. The multipurpose, state-of-the-art facility is designed to be an informal gathering place for students and student organizations that promotes cross-cultural learning and appreciation. CCLD offers advisory services to all major cultural and some social groups, and offers civic, personal, and organizational leadership training. CCLD is a place where students, particularly underrepresented groups of students, can seek support and guidance as they pursue their education through inside and outside the classroom experiences.


Taper reamers, machine
SHELL REAMERS are usually large in diameter, running as much as 8 inches. These reamers are hollow. The inside hole is tapered to fit the taper of a specially made arbor, the opposite end of which fits the taper in a drilling machine chuck. Two square driving blocks fit corresponding notches in the shell reamer. Many different sizes of reamers will fit the same arbor. See Fig. 53.
Shell reamers are made either fluted or rose type, and the cutting action is exactly the same as for the smaller sizes.
Fig. 53
Fig. 53
THE FLUTED REAMER is used where great accuracy is not required. The teeth are spaced fairly close together and the reamer cuts fast enough for an ordinary job. The cutting is done along the sides of the teeth, which are separated by the flutes. See Fig. 54.
Fig. 54. Tapeer shank fluted reamer. Cuts on the edges of the teeth for the full length. Fluted reamers are made either straight or sprial.
Fig. 54
THE ROSE REAMER cuts only on the end. The teeth are shaped to cut ahead of the body of the reamer. The flutes allow the chips to get out of the hole and also provide a way for the lubricant to get into the cutting end. The rose reamer is not expected to cut a very smooth hole, and it is made a few thousandths under-size, so that the hole may be finished out accurately with a hand reamer. Rose reamers are sometimes used to make a flat bottom hole for a stud. See Fig. 55.
Fig. 55
Fig. 55
HAND REAMERS are made to exact sizes and may have either spiral teeth or straight teeth. The spiral-tooth reamer cuts much more smoothly than the straight tooth. For a very smooth, accurate job the spiral reamer is the better one to use. See Fig. 56.
Fig. 56, Has a square on the end of the shank for the reamer wrench or handle. A spiral taper hand reamer is shown here. Hand reamers may be either straight or sprial.
Fig. 56
THE HAND EXPANSION REAMER is made especially for close work. The reamer has slits along the body and a tapered hole through the center. A taper plug is closely fitted to the taper hole in the reamer, and by means of a screw the reamer teeth can be swelled out to a barrel-like curve, causing the reamer to cut a few thousandths over size. The reason for the expansion feature of the reamer is to provide for its longer usefulness. Any wear is taken up by the taper adjustment. See Fig. 57.
Fig. 57
Fig. 57
TAPER REAMERS are made for hand and machine use. When hanging brass operating-rod ends on a deck-stand, the upper and lower collars are secured in the correct location on the rod with taper pins. A taper reamer is used to ream the hole to the correct size. See Fig. 58.
When two holes do not line up exactly in steel plates that are being riveted or temporarily bolted together, a machine taper reamer may be used to cut the opposite edges of the two holes enough to slip a bolt or rivet through.
Fig. 58, A straight taper reamer is shown here. These reamers are made for hand and machine use.
Fig. 58
Throwing reamers around carelessly, using a reamer for a hammer, leaving a reamer in the drill chuck after using, or anything else that will allow the reamer teeth to become damaged or broken, is not good practice.
Reamers are high-grade tools, very expensive, and sometimes hard to replace. A reamer may be sharpened by grinding in the tool room, but the nicks and broken places cannot be repaired.
Do not allow reamers to get rusty, and do not return them to the tool room dirty.
Be careful to use the correct size holder on a hand-reamer square. If a wrench is used, be sure it fits the square tightly.
Accidents happen with tools. Report broken or damaged tools immediately. This will give the leader a chance to do something about replacements. Do not let the job be held up for lack of planning.
1. Name two reasons for reaming a hole.
2. What is the principal difference between hand and machine reamers?
3. Explain the advantage of a spiral reamer as compared with a regular reamer.
4. Why are expansion reamers constructed so that the diameters may be adjusted?
5. Where is the cutting edge on a rose reamer?
6. What is meant by a shell-reamer arbor?
7. Name the type of reamer used to ream a hole for a taper pin.
8. State what type of reamer to use and what to do when two holes are out of line so that a rivet or bolt will not go through.
9. How may the teeth of reamers be ruined?
10. Name a few items of what to do before returning a reamer to the tool crib.
11. What should be done in the case of a broken or damaged reamer?
12. Where is the square on a hand reamer and for what is it used?
Reaming Through Holes
Reaming a hole is done to bring the hole to an exact size. For example: When fitting a straight pin to a hole where a snug fit is necessary, first drill the hole 1/64" to 1/32" smaller than the pin, and then
use a hand reamer which is the size of the pin. See Fig. 59, "a". An expansion reamer (Page 47) is often used to ream a straight hole to fit a pin.
It is always necessary to use a taper reamer to fit a tapered pin. (Fig. 60). The hole is first drilled about the size of the small end of the tapered pin and a taper reamer is then used to taper the hole to fit the pin. Use the same number taper reamer as the pin number. See Fig. 59, "b". Care must be used when reaming with a taper reamer or the hole will be reamed too large. A taper reamer is not like a straight reamer in one respect: One turn with a taper reamer can mean the difference between a good fit and a spoiled piece of work. For this reason it is safer to use a hand reamer on such jobs.
Fig 59, Reamed Hole For Rod 1 1/8 inch Diameter.
Drill first.
Ream to fit taper pin.
Fig. 59
standard taper pin
Fig. 60
Never try to bring a hole to "position" with a hand reamer. The reamer follows the drilled hole. Trying to change the direction of the hole by leaning the reamer or applying more pressure on one side will be useless and may possibly break the reamer.
Great care must be used when reaming very small holes by machine. The air machine is heavy, and the operator cannot easily get the "feel" of a small reamer to an extent which will prevent breakage. This is not so likely to happen with larger reamers. The job may be done much more quickly by using the air machine. Use a small machine for a small job.
When reaming with the air machine, keep the reamer "in line". Wobbling around on the start will affect the size of the hole. After the reamer has entered the hole, it must be kept in line to prevent breaking.
When the depth of the reamed hole is very great, more care must be taken. Reaming holes for dowel pins, or reaming holes through unit bases and foundations for fitted bolts calls for careful handling of the air machine and reamer.
The general procedure for reaming holes through a base and foundation is as follows:
NOTE: A generator base frequently has 7/8" drilled holes in the corners when it is delivered by the manufacturer. The other holes in the base are about 1" drilled and not reamed, and a black iron bolt of the proper size is used to bolt the unit at these places.
Fig 61
Fig. 61
1. With the proper size drill in the "corner air drilling machine" drill the foundation on the corners, using the drilled hole in the base of the unit as a guide. See Fig. 61.
NOTE: A corner air drilling machine (Fig. 62) is an air or electric motor driven device made especially for drilling in close corners.
2. If the corner hole is 7/8" diameter, run a 15/16" reamer through, after drilling the 7/8" hole.
Fig. 62
Fig. 62
3. Now run a 1" reamer through, which will remove 1/32" stock on a side.
4. Mike the hole and order from the machine shop the right number of fitted bolts,.00025 per inch larger than the hole. This allows just the right amount for a drive fit.
NOTE: On some heavy installations the corner holes are reamed to 1.500 diameter, and the bolts are made 1.503" for a snug fit. In those cases a bushing is placed in the
drilled hole in the base and a 3/8


text:
The oldest-known representations of a pharaoh are carved on rocks near the Nile River in southern Egypt, researchers report.
Look closely — standing on the top of this boat is a crowned figure who may represent Narmer, the first pharaoh to rule unified Egypt. Oarsmen propel the boat along. Credit: Stan Hendrickx, John Coleman Darnell & Maria Carmela Gatto
The carvings were first observed and recorded in the 1890s, but only rediscovered in 2008. In them, a white-crowned figure travels in ceremonial processions and on sickle-shaped boats, perhaps representing an early tax-collecting tour of Egypt.
The scenes place the age of the carvings between 3200 B.C. and 3100 B.C., researchers report in the December issue of the journal Antiquity. During that time, Egypt was transitioning into the dynastic rule of the pharaohs.
"It's really the end of prehistory and the beginning of history," in Egypt, study researcher Maria Gatto told LiveScience.
Scenes of a ruler
Gatto, a Yale University researcher, led the archaeologists who rediscovered the site in 2008. Archaeologist Archibald Sayce first sketched the carvings, found at the village Nag el-Hamdulab, in the 1890s, but the only record of Sayce's discovery was a partial illustration published in a book.
The site was then forgotten until the 1960s, when Egyptian archaeologist Labib Habachi took photographs of the carvings, which he never published. It wasn't until one of these photos resurfaced in 2008 that Gatto and her team started searching for the site, which many people assumed had been destroyed in the interim.
Some of the carvings have indeed been vandalized since the 1960s, but Gatto and her team found the etched rocks in a natural amphitheater west of Nag el-Hamdulab. They then compared the carvings to Habachi's 1960s photographs.
There are seven carvings scattered throughout the area, and many are tableaus of boats flanked by prisoners. One of the most extensive carvings shows five boats, one of which houses the white-crowned pharaoh, his fan-bearer and two standard-bearers. Falcon and bull insignia on the pharaoh's boat symbolize royalty, further emphasized by the four men with ropes standing alongside that boat, likely towing it along the Nile.
A hieroglyph labels this scene a "nautical following," a likely reference to the following of Horus, Gatto said. In this periodic royal jaunt across Egypt, the pharaoh cemented power and collected taxes. Thus, not only do the carvings represent the oldest known vision of a pharaoh, they may also show the oldest Egyptian tax campaign.
Other carvings include a scene of people and dogs herding cattle and a cluster of animals, two of them apparently some mythical part-lion beasts. The other animals are familiar native African species, including two ostriches, an ibex and a bull. Another scene shows the brewing and drinking of beer, perhaps a reference to a festival.
Continue to Full Article


text:
Age Range: 3 – 7 years
Publisher: Boyd Mills Press
Publication Date: March 3, 2020
In this picture book, readers travel to learn through rhyme and illustrations about dances and traditional dress that accompany select dances of Africa, China, Cuba, India, Ireland, Spain, and United States to name many. Children depict their cultural maneuvers with exuberance. Text concentrates on action, inviting onlookers to try steps. In the back matter the author briefly elaborates on each dance.


text:
How to edge-joint bowed stock
It's a basic woodworking rule: Boards need one straight edge before you can work with them. If your board is warped by less than 1/2" or so, it's simple enough to power up a jointer and straighten the edge. But when you're faced with a seriously bowed work piece, try the tricks here to straighten things out.
1. Before you joint a board that's bowed by more than 1/2" along its length, cut the board to shorter lengths, if possible. This may reduce the bow of each work piece to 1/2" or less, allowing you to straighten the work pieces with your jointer in the typical fashion. And, you'll get more usable stock out of the board. In the example below, a board with 3/4" bow yields three boards each with 1/4" bow.
2. If you can't cut your board to shorter lengths, use this method to joint long, bowed stock. (We do not recommend you try this procedure with work pieces longer than 6' if you have a 6" jointer, or longer than 8' if you own an 8" jointer. For these pieces, use the procedure described in Step 4.)
First, set your jointer for a 1/16" cut. Then, place your board on the jointer infeed table with its concave edge down. Make several passes on one end of the board. Each pass should remove more material along the edge than the pass before it. As the jointed surface of the edge approaches the center of the board, turn the board around and repeat this procedure on the other end. The jointed edges should nearly meet in the center. By this point the overall bow should be less than 1/8", shown below. Make one or two complete passes to straighten the edge.
3. Next, read the grain of the board to determine which end to feed first so the grain runs "downhill" and away from the cutter head, as shown below. This helps reduce grain tearout.
Now, decrease the cutting depth to 1/32", and make a final pass along the entire edge of the board. If the grain runs every which way, slow down your feet rate to reduce tearout to a minimum.
4. For boards too long for the method described in Step 2, or for short boards bowed 1/2" or more, try this technique. With a straightedge or chalk line, mark a line as shown at right. Then, cut along this line with a portable circular saw or jigsaw. If you closely follow the line you should be able to joint the edge straight and smooth in one pass, as described in Step 3.
5. Because of the position of defects in a board, you may find it necessary to straighten its convex edge. This could happen when the best wood in a board is along its convex edge, as shown below. Then, it often makes sense to straighten that edge first so you can join the good edge to other work pieces or rip thin strips from the best wood and work toward the lesser-quality wood.
Do not attempt to straighten a convex edge on a jointer, even if the convex edge is bowed by less than 1/2". To straighten any convex edge, follow the method described in Step 4.
The grain of highly figured woods, such as bird's-eye maple, can tear out quite easily, especially if your jointer knives aren't as sharp as they should be. At these times, slow down your feed rate to a crawl (just an inch or two per second) and take light cuts (1/32" or less).
It may be difficult to tell if you're getting a complete cut at these shallow depths, so try this trick. Mark a wavy pencil line along the entire edge, as shown right, and make the cut. Any remaining pencil marks tell you that you need to repeat the cut.
Here's a good rule of thumb that may actually save your thumb. Whenever you edge-joint a board that is not as wide as your jointer's fence is high, use a push stick, as shown at right.
Remember to reposition your jointer's fence across the width of the tables from time to time. You'll get more life from your knives because they will wear more evenly along their lengths.
Written by: Bill Krier with Jan Svec Illustrations: Brian Jensen
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text:
What does FLEET mean in Military?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand FLEET in the Governmental field in general and in the Military terminology in particular.
Find a translation for FLEET in other languages:
Select another language:
What does FLEET mean?
- group of aircraft operating together under the same ownership


_USER_ {export:117737, abstract = {
Cell phones connected to high-speed 3G networks constitute an increasingly important class of clients on the Internet. From the viewpoint of the servers they connect to, such devices are virtually indistinguishable from conventional end-hosts. In this study, we examine the IP addresses seen by Internet servers for cell phone clients and make two observations. First, individual cell phones can expose different IP addresses to servers within time spans of a few minutes, rendering IP-based user identification and blocking inadequate. Second, cell phone IP addresses do not embed geographical information at reasonable fidelity, reducing the effectiveness of commercial geolocation tools used by websites for fraud detection, server selection and content customization. In addition to these two observations, we show that application-level latencies between cell phones and Internet servers can differ greatly depending on the location of the cell phone, but do not vary much at a given location over short time spans; as a result, they provide fine-grained location information that IPs do not.
}, author = {Mahesh Balakrishnan and Iqbal Mohomed and Venugopalan Ramasubramanian}, booktitle = {IMC 2009: Internet Measurement Conference}, month = {November}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery, Inc.}, title = {Where's that Phone?: Geolocating IP Addresses on 3G Networks}, url = {_URL_ year = {2009}, }


text:
On January 12, 2012, Heather Guy presented a program on the history of Sloss Furnaces at the Bessemer Public Library. Heather is the education coordinator at Sloss, and she brought photos and artifacts to complement her slide show.
In April, 1882, the furnaces went into blast and within a year had sold 24,000 tons of iron. read the story of Sloss here.
Sloss produced pig iron. This is pig iron, much smaller than the ones produced by the furnace back in the day.
Here is a picture of a group of workers at Sloss.
Here a lone iron worker is dwarfed by the hot furnace.
Sloss Furnaces is now a National Historic Landmark. A visit to Sloss Furnaces is worth the time. Information on hours, etc, can be found here.
Many community events are held at Sloss, including Stokin' the Fire Barbecue competition in the summer and Sloss Fright Furnace in October
One annual event at Sloss is sponsored by Central Alabama Pride; Pridefest is during the month of June. Read about Pridefest 2009 here.


There are 2 greate modules for importing nodes Feeds and Feed Import. Is there a way to update fields of existing nodes on import from XML or CSV file?
For example, there is an XML feed from another website with products (id + price) and file with additional data for the same products (id + description). How to import both sources into the same node in Drupal?
You need to set up feeds and feeds_xpathparser. You could found a good start for configuring all this here : _URL_
Concerning your concern about updating, you can do this by configuring the guid as your external unique id. In the screenshot provided, you can see in my case the xml tag used for unique id is simply .
xml parser configuration
Then, you just have to configure the node processor so that it will "Update existing node" when it found a duplicate as shown on the screenshot below.
enter image description here
You should know the nid to be able to import this product.
In node import when you add the nid to the csv it understand that there is an update, but you should try it, maybe it delete all the content but not the information from the csv.
The best options in this case should be to make a bacthapi process to update all the nodes.
Your Answer


text:
- Air-dry clay
- Disposable plastic wine glasses (with detachable base)
- Cotton cord
- Craft knife
1. Moisten a piece of air-dry clay and roll out until about 1/8″ thick. Place the plastic wine glass down onto the clay and cut around leaving a circular disk of clay.
2. Turn the glass over and use the stem to press a hole into the center of the disk.
3. Push the disk down over the stem and flatten it against the rounded bottom of the glass, smoothing the whole piece using water.
4. Once you've made all the disks, take the excess clay and roll into beads for the center of the disks. Use a skewer or beading reamer to make a hole through the ball.
5. Leave the clay for 24 hours to set. To remove from the glass, run a craft knife carefully around the edge of the clay and lift off. Sand the edges smooth with fine sandpaper.
6. Thread the pieces onto the cord and knot underneath each bead to hold into place.
7. Once you've created all of the strands wrap the excess onto a branch and hang!


Series of spaces
Semester 3 | Allied Design
Ar. Saurabh Mhatre
Ar. Rishi Vora
Studio Conductors
The objective of the exercise was to redecorate a room chosen from an existing architectural project and redesign it according to different time slots during a day corresponding to different activities.
The interiors were done in stages. First, the furniture arrangement was done according to the activities carried in the space. Then the fenestrations were designed according to different requirements of the space so that factors like natural light and wind could be used to illuminate and ventilate the space. Accordingly the next step was to draw out an analysis of the these ventilation and illumination plans and showcase how it affects the space maximising its spatial potential, which would then help in the next step, that is providing the space with artificial sources of light and air (lamps, fans etc) to enhance the spatial setting beyond just its natural amenities.
The final step was to find the relation between the internal arrangements and external settings. This was done by studying the views from different openings. This was to propagate the idea of the cone of vision and how the human view from the functional points can add on to the user mood and design quality.


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Sheep Farming in Australia
This is a topic suggestion on Sheep Farming in Australia from Paper Masters. Use this topic or order a custom research paper, written exactly how you need it to be.
What is perhaps most unique about sheep farming is the fact that it does not take place in close proximity to urban areas. The land required to raise large amounts of sheep for profit requires that the typical sheep farmer live hundreds of miles from the nearest town. On average, sheep farms range in size from 2,500 to 5,000 square miles and these farms are generally located 150 to 300 km from their nearest neighbor.
Sheep Farming in Australia
The duties associated with sheep farming are as diverse as they are numerous. Dealing specifically with the sheep, the most common tasks include: mustering, droving, branding, tagging, shearing and injecting. When dealing more broadly with the sheep farm, the tasks of repairing fences, removing fallen trees, and growing rudimentary crops are also facets of sheep farming in rural Australia. The number of jobs available on sheep farms (or stations as they are referred to in Australia) is so numerous that many farms hire extra help during shearing season just to meet the daily functioning requirements of the farm.
One of the greatest challenges facing the sheep farmer, and more broadly any type of farming in Australia, is the lack of water available for livestock and crops. Because rural Australia is comprised mostly of desert-like land finding and securing water resources from season to season often proves quite problematic. Although Australian farmers employ the use of boreholes—large holes drilled into the ground to bring up water—the threat of drought is pervasive as rainfall in some regions of Western Australia occurs only once annually. To protect themselves from the threat of drought, farmers typically purchase 5,000 gallon tanks for storing water. This ensures that if a borehole goes dry and it is a few days before a new sources of water can be found, the farm will be able to function in the interim.
Related Research Paper Topics
Cattle Farming in Australia - Paper Masters can help write a custom research paper on cattle farming in Australia and examine the sheep farming industry.
Wheat Harvesting in Australia - Wheat Harvesting in Australia Research Papers discuss when to plant the crop.
Animal Domestication - Animal Domestication research papers examine the process by which wild animals, through selective breeding, are made dependent upon human beings for survival.
Cultures in Oceania - The Cultures in Oceania are made up of the tribal societies of the Polynesians who are well known for their history of war and their navigation skills.
Sustainability and Culture Research Papers on how many of today's manufacturing and consumer practices contribute to environmental destruction.
Wheat Harvesting in Australia - Wheat Harvesting in Australia has developed a crop rotation cycle that permits nutrients such as nitrogen from being completely expended from the soil during heaving farming and harvesting.
Environmental Politics Research Papers explore the relationship between practical politics and environmental issues in areas such as ethics.


yubeng and the sacred waterfalls
Yubeng is a sleepy village at the feet of Meili Mountain, right in the heart of the majestic and ancient Eastern Himalaya. The village is located on Chinese territory, in the western region of Yunnan, and is mainly inhabited by Tibetan people.
It is told that at the beginning of the modern era an old man showed up in the village of Xidang looking for provisions. None knew where the man came from. Curious people followed him and thus discovered the enchanting lush valley surrounded by snowy mountains which is cradle of Yubeng village.
Nowadays, Yubeng is only reachable on foot or by mule, through an arduous dirt path which challenges even the most skilled climbers. It is a seven hour walk that starts from the Mekong Valley, goes steeply up and then descends straight towards the petite valley of Yubeng, situated at around 3100 metres above sea level.
The valley is sacred for the Shanbu Waterfalls or Sacred Waterfalls, whose water has a purifier function as long as you get there on foot and walk three times around it, letting the power of water wash away every suffering. For this reason Yubeng is a pilgrimage destination.
On the dirt path to reach the valley and the waterfalls you can meet young adults, smiling old people and courageous children, all of them are Tibetan coming from the neighboring towns of Deqin and Shangri-la and other regions of Sichuan and Tibet. They are Lamaist devotees, followers of that school of thoughts which refers to the Dalai Lama.
When people meet on the way they exclaim "Tashi Deleh" and using a hand gesture facing the sky smile gently and wish that fortune could arrive to the person who stands in front of them.
Yubeng, Shangri-la, Feilaisi


There's a Crack in my Window. Should I be Worried?
Windows can be a truly stunning part of a house. The beautiful views they allow you to enjoy and how they reflect from the outside can add character to a home in a way that few other features do. That makes it all the more troubling if you happen to notice a crack in your window. It may be small now, but you may not be able to help the nagging voice in the back of your head asking if you should be more concerned about it.
What Causes a Cracked Window?
It's essential to understand what can cause cracks in windows. Though imperceptible, window glass will expand and contract with temperature fluctuations. Usually, that isn't enough to cause problems, but if your window is weakened, it can cause stress cracks. So can repeatedly shutting your windows too forcefully, for that matter. Objects impacting windows can cause them to chip and crack or even break altogether. Pressure cracks are uncommon, but they do happen and are often due to weather extremes.
Monetary Problems
Cracked glass cannot insulate your home correctly. It will let warm air out during cold months and fail to keep the cool air in during the hot ones. These drafts mean your heating and cooling systems have to work that much harder to keep your home at a comfortable temperature. If your system works harder, it's pulling more power. That, in turn, means that you're going to be paying a lot more for your electricity than you need to be. Beyond that, it can allow condensation to enter your home, causing damage to your window frames and potentially promoting mold growth. You'll need to foot the bill for the repairs, all of which can be avoided by having the broken glass repaired or replacing the glass altogether.
Security Problems
No one ever thinks they'll run afoul of a thief, but the reality is that no one is immune to being robbed. If a would-be thief notices a crack in your window, your home becomes a much more vulnerable target. Remember that thieves are looking for easy targets. Homes with whole windows, visible security, and reliable locks are less inviting to criminals. They are more likely to be passed over in favor of something more comfortable to break into. If you have a crack in your window, take steps to secure it to discourage would-be criminals from targeting your home. Better yet, have it repaired or replaced to eliminate the problem.
Safety Problems
Even a single crack in a single-window can pose a safety hazard. Shards and slivers of glass can break free from a damaged window and land on the floor or windowsill. From there, it's easy for them to become embedded in a hand or a foot where they can become irritating and painful. Because of the sheer nature of glass, tiny slivers can be challenging to find and remove. As the damage worsens and spreads, the danger becomes more significant too. It's essential to have the cracked or broken glass repaired or replaced before someone gets hurt. In the meantime, cover the inside and outside to prevent people from touching it. Applying masking tape over the crack can help prevent pieces of glass from falling out. Leave the window closed to avoid damaging it further.
What to Do About a Cracked Window
If your window is cracked, it's essential to address it now rather than later. Broken glass is fragile glass, and it will only get worse. Depending on your local conditions, it may not take much at all to go from a tiny crack to a full-blown broken window. It's possible to replace a damaged pane of glass, though that may only be a temporary solution. Your best bet is to have the window professionally replaced, so you have a perfectly intact, strong glass window.
Cracked windows can be a big deal. They can cause monetary, security, and even safety problems. Understanding what causes cracked windows can help you reduce the risk of yours cracking again. Just as importantly, you need to know what to do when you have a cracked window. If you notice a crack in any of your windows, take action to prevent it from becoming worse later.


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Salmon Youth Centre has been reaching out to young people in inner city London for over a hundred years. We inspire young people to reach their potential and contribute positively to the community in which they live.
We welcome around 500 young people every week. Our doors are open to all young people, from all backgrounds, between six and 25 years old.
We promote positive change in young people and support their transition to adulthood in three key ways:
- Improving young people's Health & Wellbeing
- Preparing young people for Education & Work
- Involving young people in positive Community Engagement
What we offer
We provide generic and specialised youth work to young people across 35 weekly sessions, including activities such as adventure, arts, dance, drama, music and sports. Our targeted provision also includes:
|Apprenticeship Scheme: offering young people the opportunity to study and work over nine to twelve months.||Harmonies of Hope: youth empowerment programme using music.|
|Mentoring: one-to-one support for young people, including our disability befriending schemes.||Mixables & Mixters: youth work with disabled young people.|
|Salmon Express: improving young peoples speaking and listening skills using our manual 'Let's Talk About…'.||Thrive: a holistic programme for vulnerable young women and girls.|
Every young person has potential
We work with a wide range of young people many of whom are disadvantaged such as:
- Young people in care or leaving care.
- Young ex-offenders leaving prison.
- Young carers looking after a parent.
- Young people facing abuse at home.
- Young people at risk of homelessness or offending.
- Disabled young people.
We build long-term relationships with young people through regular social interaction. We believe that every young person has potential and we work intensively to inspire young people to reach their potential and contribute positively to the community in which they live.
Christian youth work
As a Christian youth centre, we strive to provide opportunities to explore the Christian faith in all our work, but most specifically in our Salmon Sunday sessions and residentials to summer camps, such as Soul Survivor.
Staff members also share and explore their own faith through weekly Bible sessions called "Theological Reflections".


If the airflow section of your tank is out of alignment, it can throw up some connection issues causing the coil to fail to read on your battery or device. Often this related to the device being dropped or knocked, but it's normally a straightforward process to put right.
The tank should appear straight and in alignment when you look at it head on. If you notice a slant, or sizeable gaps between sections of the airflow as pictured below, it's very likely that this is what's causing the issue.
It's an easy fix though:
 - Take the airflow off of your tank
 - Take the coil out of the airflow
 - Place the airflow on a solid surface
 - Push down on the airflow with plenty of force (easier to do by placing a heavy book on top). It might 'pop' as it slots back into position
That should be enough to realign the airflow, allowing for a solid connection between the tank/coil and battery, and resolve the issue.


Tea, Earl Grey, Hot: A History of Earl Grey Tea
Probably one of the most famous tea blends, Earl Grey is traditionally a black tea flavored with the oil from the bergamot orange. It can be served black, with milk, or with a squeeze of lemon juice. The bergamot oil adds a fragrant flavor to the tea.
What's in a Name?
Earl Grey is actually a hereditary title of the British aristocracy. The title was created in 1806, and the second person to hold the title, Charles, 2nd Earl Grey, is the person who the tea blend is thought to be named after. The 2nd Earl Grey became Prime Minister of the UK in 1830, and oversaw the abolition of slavery across the British Empire and was author of the Great Reform Act, which updated and modified the electoral system in the UK. Today, his name is mostly remembered for the tea blend named after him.
There is still an Earl Grey peer today. Peter Grey, the 7th Earl Grey, is the great-great-grandson of Charles, 2nd Earl Grey.
Origins of the Blend
It is proposed that bergamot oil was added to cheaper black teas to emulate the fragrance of more expensive varieties. The blend has been known in England since at least the 1820s.
One origin story for the name tells that Charles, 2nd Earl Grey traveled to China. One of the men traveling with him saved a Chinese mandarin's son from drowning, and so Earl Grey was gifted a box of the tea blend. This is disputed, as there is no evidence that Earl Grey ever went to China. A more likely origin is that a British envoy to China brought the blend back to Earl Grey.
Jacksons of Piccadilly, a London tea house, claims to have originated Earl Grey tea for sale in the UK, having been given the recipe by Earl Grey in 1830. Now owned by Twinings, the company claimed to have never changed the recipe, which is based on black China tea. In 2011, Twinings reformulated their recipe a little, adding "an extra hint of bergamot and citrus". Comments on the change were overwhelmingly negative, and a Facebook group was even created to protest the change.
There are many variations to the traditional tea blend. One of the most well-known is Lady Grey, which adds cornflowers and Seville oranges for extra citrus flavor. This tea blend is available at Tina's Traditional under the name of "Lady Grace".
"London Fog" is a variation on Earl Grey invented in Vancouver, Canada. It is also known as an Earl Grey Tea Latte, as it is made with mostly hot milk. Vanilla syrup is also added. London Fog is popular across the Pacific North-west in British Columbia, and Oregon and Washington states. At Tina's Traditional we serve a London Fog Cake; a two-layered chocolate cake topped with Earl Grey Crème infused icing and drizzled with caramel.
Several companies also make "Earl Green" and "Earl White", using green and white teas as a base respectively.
Between WWI and WWII in the UK, Earl Grey was used as a drink mixer, usually with gin, similar in concept to the Irish Coffee. The gin and Earl Grey drink was called a Moseley Tea Service, named after the wealthy suburb of Birmingham where J R R Tolkien was born. It was very popular in the 1920s and 1930s, but using Earl Grey as a base for an alcoholic drink is rarely seen today.
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A high-level programming language noted for its ease of use and graphics capabilities. It is a recursive language that contains many list processing functions that are in LISP, although Logo's syntax is more understandable for novices.
Stemming from a National Science Foundation project, Logo was created by Seymour Papert in the mid-1960s along with colleagues at MIT and members of Bolt Beranek & Newman. Originally developed on large computers, it was later adapted to many personal computers. A wealth of information about Logo and its educational philosophy is available from the Logo Foundation, _URL_
Command the Turtle
Turtle Graphics is the graphics language built into Logo, which allows complex graphics images to be created with a minimum of coding. The turtle is a triangular-shaped cursor, which is moved on screen with commands that activate the turtle as if you were driving it, for example, go forward 100 units, turn right 45 degrees, turn left 20 degrees.
The following Object Logo example converts Fahrenheit to Celsius:
print "|Enter Fahrenheit |
make "fahr ReadWord
print "|Celsius is |
print (:fahr - 32) * 5 / 9


. A test based on computational phasing of one or a few populations, while not ideal, would be helpful here.
 Another option, and probably a superior one, would be to use an entirely different IBD method — one without a frequency-based threshold for calling IBD — to check whether you see trends similar to your current results. In particular, you could phased the data and run GERMLINE to check if the general trends — just in terms of total numbers of shared segments — are the same. This too is not ideal, since it relies on phasing (so does BEAGLE, of course; it just explores more of the haplotype state space), and we already know, e.g., that Africans have higher switch error rates than Europeans. Nevertheless, having one method that doesn't rely on frequency thresholds as check here seems good as a check since this kind of analysis hasn't been done before.
 The best way to run GERMLINE is to phase and use the -h_extend option. Without this option, GERMLINE finds likely IBD using its own model of diploid data, and some tests I've done on European Americans and African Americans showed that GERMLINE is biased towards reporting significant excess IBD compared with expectations for European Americans than African Americans. (I compared the number of IBD segments reported to the number of homozygous by descent segments. In a randomly mating population, the number of homozygous by descent segments is expected to be 1/4 the number of IBD segements. Without -h_extend, GERMLINE reported >2.1x the expected number of segments for European Americans vs. ~1.1x the expectation for African Americans. I did not see a bias when I used the -h_extend option.)
 I'll be very interested to see how this paper develops during the review process. Best of luck with it, and again, I think this is great work!
 6. Thanks for your comment Amy.
 We are investigating various power issues and will def. consider doing more population specific power analyses, however the absence of any other non-computationally phased southern European haplotypes makes this tricky [The Af. data really isn't suitable].
 That said we have high power by >5cM, and the difference between populations is not subtle. We'd need a large difference in power to explain this result, and that seems very unlikely given the small variation in allele frequencies within Europe. For example we see a relatively large difference between Ireland and the UK, which have a tiny Fst.
 I'm not sure what you mean by "the number of homozygous by descent segments is expected to be 1/4 the number of IBD segments." as the number of IBD segments and individual shares should increase linearly with sample size, while HBD per individual should remain constant. Perhaps you mean for a pair of individuals, vs. for a single individual? That would make sense with your factor of 1/4. Also is the " >2.1x the expected number of segments" for the number of IBD or HBD segments?
 Peter and I will be at ASHG, it would be good to talk in person then if you are aroung.
 7. Quantifying the power differences that would be necessary to explain the differences you see at >5cM could certainly be convincing. I wanted to highlight a concern I had about this area in general and also mention biases I've seen with GERMLINE, but it sounds like you have a pretty good case here.
 That's right — the number of HBD segments should be ~1/4 the average number of segments between pairs of individuals — sorry. GERMLINE (without -h_extend) gives 2.1x more IBD per pair of individuals than what is expected, i.e., for European Americans, average # IBD segments / pair = 2.1 * 1/4 * average # HBD segments / individual.
 Would love to chat at ASHG. Let's definitely meet up!
 8. That is a clever point about using HBD. The ratio would deviate somewhat from 1/4 due to subpopulation structure etcetera. How much it deviates ought to be a good measure of something; but it's not clear to me yet what exactly it is. It would be fun to figure this out.
 9. Presumably the inflation of HBD vs IBD is a inbreeding coeff., i.e. an increase in coalescence over a certain time period weighted by power to detect a segment of a certain size. However, the diff. in power to detect HBD vs IBD makes this a hard stat. to use in practice.
 10. Dear Authors,
 The potential of this paper looks very promising in its ability to unravel the genetic history of Europe, including the Balkans.
 However, as a person who is married to someone from the Balkans, I would ask that you proceed cautiously with your conclusions regarding selective sweeps by Huns and Slavs. The area is only just beginning to recover from a century of extreme nationalism and genocide.
 I would be very interested to learn more about the genetic prehistory of this very complex region, and the issue of the Slavic invasions is one demographic point of interest, but so are others, as I point out in the preceeding comments.
 Another potential demographic effect in the Balkans, not mentioned above, might be due to the various epidemics there, which are well documented in history.
 There has sometimes been a tendancy by Western Europeans and Americans to overgeneralize about Eastern European history. I hope the authors in this paper will stir away from that tendancy and consider the various possibilities for the demographic difference between Eastern and Western Europe.
 While it may be the case that the effect you are seeing is due to Slavic or Hunnic invasions, the topic is worthy of a more careful investigation.
 Thanks for your consideration.
 11. ^ The reason there's extreme IBD sharing across Eastern Europe today is because the region has always been sparsely populated, but also experienced a few major in-situ expansions, like the Balto-Slavic dispersals.
 The Hun hypothesis is a bit weird in this context, considering that Huns were never recorded north of the Carpathians, like in the East Baltic area, where the Eastern European IBD sharing reaches extreme levels. Instead, Huns were present in Bavaria, Italy and even in France.
 12. @ Amy Williams
 The results from this paper are in line with the fact that Italy has always had a relatively large population of diverse origin from around the Mediterranean region. Thus, with so many founders, Italians are less likely to be related to each other and to other Europeans.
 On the other hand, Eastern Europeans, and especially Northeastern Europeans, derive from few founders, In fact, this is the region of Europe where most of the Mesolithic European ancestry has survived. As per above, this area has also experienced some massive in situ expansions. So it's no wonder everyone's related to each other, and that shows very clearly via the IBD stats in this paper.
 13. Regarding Eastern Europe, it might be interesting to compare IBD stats of populations in the Carpathian-Julian Alps-Dinaric Alps-Pindos ranges against lowland continental populations and again against the coastal populations of the Adriatic, Aegean and Pontic coasts.
 I would suspect that the highest level of endogamy would be in the Dinaric Alps and the lowest level along the coasts.
 14. Pingback: Distant Genetic relatives in Europe | gcbias
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 17. I really enjoyed reading this paper.
 I have some minor suggestions regarding IBD and comparison with IBS that may be can be helpful to the authors:
 1) it could be interesting to quantify how much different the IBD and IBS matrices are by means of a Mantel test.
 2) I would run AMOVA (or Analysis of Distance) with the IBD distance matrix and compare with IBS.
 3) it could be interesting to plot the individual IBD relationships by means of Principal Coordinates (classical MDS), after transforming the IBD into a dissimilarity statistic (for example, using the approach of Gusev to obtain a normalized IBD based distance matrix between pairs of individuals). This plot could then be compared with the PCA result on genotypic data by means of a Procrustes analysis and also with the geographic coordinates of the samples.
 Best regards,
 Oscar Lao
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 19. Pingback: Peter and I's European genetic genealogy paper is out. | gcbias
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text: The objectives of the National Survey of American Life (NSAL) are to investigate the nature, severity, and impairment of mental disorders among national samples of the black and non-Hispanic white (n = 1,006) populations in the US. Special emphasis in the study is given to the nature of race and ethnicity within the black population by selecting and interviewing national samples of African-American (N = 3,570), and Afro-Caribbean (N = 1,623) immigrant and second and older generation populations. National multi-stage probability methods were used in generating the samples and race/ethnic matching of interviewers and respondents were used in the largely face-to-face interview, which lasted on average 2 hours and 20 minutes. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) IV World Mental Health Composite Interview (WHO-CIDI) was used to assess a wide range of serious mental disorders, potential risk and resilience factors, and help seeking and service use patterns. This paper provides an overview of the design of the NSAL, sample selection procedures, recruitment and training of the national interviewing team, and some of the special problems faced in interviewing ethnically and racially diverse national samples. Unique features of sample design, including special screening and listing procedures, interviewer training and supervision, and response rate outcomes are described. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.


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Nonwovens are an important component of different products of several uses, e.g. transport of humidity in sanitary products, insulation materials or filters. Nonwovens are usually produced on large engineering facilities. For this, experimental studies of design with regard to the optimization of these nonwoven-structures prove to be very difficult.
Influence Design Parameters
There are so many parameters of design, as for example fibers, surface weight or type of nonwoven bonding and finishing that are affecting the properties of nonwovens. For the change of one single parameter, e.g. the material of fiber, it is necessary to adapt the whole process of fabrication from the spinning of the fibers via their stacking to the nonwoven hardening.
Following the production of such a prototype a time consuming and cost-intensive characterization of the properties of nonwovens carried out experimentally has to be done. Therefore, for this reason detailed studies considering several parameters of design are uneconomic.


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The National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF) has determined nine broad areas of core competence that apply to all nurse practitioners, regardless of specialty or patient population focus. NONPF created the first set of Nurse Practitioner Competencies in 1990; the most recent updates were incorporated in 2017. This course was designed to prepare you to synthesize knowledge gained throughout the program and to apply each of the nine core competencies within your selected areas of practice and your representative communities.
The nine areas of competency are:
- Scientific Foundations
- Practice Inquiry
- Technology and Information Literacy
- Health Delivery System
- Independent Practice
- Review this week's Learning Resources, focusing on the NONPF Core Competencies Content.
For each of the nine NONPF competencies, write one paragraph explaining how the program has prepared you to meet the competency (for a total of at least nine paragraphs). Then, propose how you plan to engage in social change in your community as a nurse practitioner. Finally, describe 1–2 legislative and/or advocacy activities in which your state nurse practitioner organization(s) are involved. Be specific and provide examples.


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Randomization is the process of perturbing data points to provide security through information-theoretic uncertainty. It is appropriate in applications where individual data points are to be protected, but statistical information is to be revealed.
We propose that the binary randomization protocol be viewed as a channel for transmitting the information that is to be kept secret. We show that a simple application of the basic theorems of Shannon provides lower bounds on the complexity of successful attacks. We use these bounds to define the privacy provided by a protocol: the (tight) lower bound on the number of queries required to successfully estimate a single attribute. Through the use of Shannon's channel coding theorem, the privacy of randomization is the inverse of the protocol channel capacity.
Gates 4B (opposite 490), 10/22/02, 4:30 PM


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The population pyramid for Mexico in 2010 is shown below:
What does this pyramid tell us about Mexico's population and possible future trends?
The number of babies born during the last 20 years has been more or less equal for each 5-year period. This is despite a higher number of females in the age-bearing categories (15-45). These two statements, taken together, must imply that both birth rates (number of births/1,000 people) and fertility rates (number of children per female of child-bearing age) have fallen and continue to fall.
There are numerous implications for a population with a declining number of babies. Perhaps the most obvious is that fewer school places will be required in ten years time than are currently needed. In Mexico's case, it is unlikely that school buildings will be closed (at least not in the short to mid-term) since many government-run schools currently house two independent school populations, one attending classes every morning, and the other attending classes in the afternoons.
The decline in babies also means that the average age of Mexico's population continues to rise. The median age of Mexico's 112.3 million inhabitants is now 26 years (i.e. half the population is older than 26 years, the other half is 26 years or younger).
Several chapters of Geo-Mexico: the geography and dynamics of modern Mexico discuss additional insights into Mexico's population dynamics and trends, and their implications for future development. An earlier post here includes a link to a pdf file showing Mexico's population pyramid in 1990, and the predicted pyramid for 2050. The 2050 pyramid shows just how fast Mexico's population will age if present trends continue.


Tiger Cub Neglected by Mom in Philly Zoo Headed to Oklahoma
A rare baby Amur tiger cub that was neglected by its mother after its birth at the Philadelphia Zoo this month is being sent to Oklahoma to integrate with a tiger cub litter there.
The Philadelphia Zoo says 10-year-old Koosaka gave birth July 10 to a litter of five cubs. Two were stillborn, and one was accidentally injured by the mother and died. The zoo says the mother never showed maternal behavior toward the remaining cubs, and they were moved to the zoo's animal hospital, where the fourth died.
The surviving cub is named Zoya, which means "life" in Russian. It's being sent to the Oklahoma City Zoo and Botanical Garden.
Amur tigers, also called Siberian tigers, are endangered in the wild. They're found in eastern Russia and northeastern China.
Copyright AP - Associated Press
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