text:
The Dutch tax authorities, or Belastingdienst, have implemented various measures and initiatives to help Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in the Netherlands. Their approach differs from that of many other countries' tax authorities in several ways, making the Dutch system more business-friendly and supportive for SMEs.
- Clear and accessible information: The Belastingdienst offers easily understandable information on their website, as well as through various brochures, guides, and webinars. The information is available in multiple languages, including English, to cater to non-Dutch speakers. This makes it easier for SMEs to comply with tax regulations and understand their obligations.
- Personalized assistance: The Belastingdienst provides SMEs with dedicated contact persons or tax inspectors who are well-versed in the specific needs and challenges faced by these businesses. These contacts can assist SMEs in navigating the complex tax system and offer tailored guidance.
- Simplified tax filing and payment: The Dutch tax authorities have implemented a user-friendly digital portal for filing tax returns and making payments. This makes it more convenient for SMEs to submit their tax information and reduces the administrative burden on small businesses.
- Tax incentives and facilities: The Netherlands offers several tax incentives and facilities to encourage entrepreneurship and innovation. These include the Innovation Box, which provides a lower corporate income tax rate for profits derived from innovative activities, and the Research & Development tax credit, which reduces the taxable income of SMEs involved in R&D activities.
- Flexible payment plans: The Belastingdienst understands that SMEs may face cash flow challenges, and therefore, offers flexible payment arrangements. SMEs can request a deferment of tax payments or even set up an installment plan to spread payments over a longer period.
- Proactive and cooperative approach: The Dutch tax authorities work closely with businesses to ensure tax compliance, rather than adopting a purely punitive approach. They actively engage with SMEs to identify potential issues and provide guidance on how to rectify them.
- International tax assistance: The Netherlands has an extensive network of tax treaties and agreements with other countries, which can reduce the tax burden for SMEs operating internationally. The Belastingdienst helps SMEs understand and apply these treaties and agreements to their benefit.
In summary, the Dutch tax authorities (Belastingdienst) offer a supportive and business-friendly environment for SMEs in the Netherlands. This approach, which emphasizes clear communication, personalized assistance, and incentives for innovation, sets the Belastingdienst apart from many other countries' tax authorities.


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Animal Species:Soldier Crab
The Soldier Crab lives in sandy estuaries and mangroves, and occurs in massive groups that seem to emerge from nowhere all at the same time.
The Soldier Crab is quite distinctive with its small, round, blue body on long jointed legs with purple stripes. As it marches around feeding, it moulds the sand into numerous pellets, sorting through it for organic matter. There is only one other species of soldier crab common in Sydney. This is the smaller Mictyris platycheles.
Soldier Crabs are found from Northern Queensland, New South Wales, to Wilsons Promontory in Victoria. Also, western Indian Ocean to French Polynesia.
Soldier Crabs live on intertidal mangroves, beaches and estuaries.
Other behaviours and adaptations
It is thought that the spontaneous arrival of Soldier Crabs is triggered by the falling tide. If disturbed, they burrow into the sand with a corkscrew motion, disappearing as quickly as they arrived.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


What is the difference between Upper and Lower Egypt?
Ancient Egypt was divided into two separate kingdoms based on geography. Lower Egypt was actually further north and contained the Nile delta. Upper Egypt was much larger but contained much more arid land than the fertile Lower Egypt. The names are derived from the flow of the Nile River, which flows north to the Mediterranean Sea.
Q&A Related to "What is the difference between Upper and Lower..."
"Lower Egypt" is the half of ancient Egypt at the. north. or Mediterranean end, including the Nile delta. "Upper Egypt" is the region to the. south. The dividing
Some say Narmer and some say Menes. He was the first to unite upper and lower Egypt creating one of the first AMP (African Mode of Production) state.
The deeper you go into the Earth, the temperature gradually increases. The crust is cooler than the mantle, which is cooler than the core. This concept of increased temperature with
They used to be divided but then a king (maybe meanes or someone) united them and the crown was combined. upper egypt and lower egypt used to have two different crowns but when they


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How to play voice messages
Voice messages received on WhatsApp are downloaded automatically.
On received voice messages you'll see:
- A green microphone on voice messages you haven't played.
- A blue microphone on voice messages you've already played.
Play a voice message
- Tap Play to listen to voice messages you've sent or received.
- Listen to the message.
- Through your phone's ear speaker: Hold the phone up to your ear to play the message through your phone's speakers.
- On speakerphone: Hold the phone away from your head to play the message on speakerphone.
- Through your headphones: Voice messages will play through your headphones when they're connected.
- While a message is playing, you can tap the 1x icon to increase the speed to 1.5x or 2x.
- You can also long press the dot located on the waveform and drag it to the timestamp of the message you want to start playing from.
- Voice messages will continue to play even if you navigate to another chat or group within WhatsApp.
- When you play a voice message and leave the chat, a mini player will appear at the top of your screen.
- You can pause, play, and close the voice message, or navigate back to the original chat.
How to send voice messages

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Definitions of comical
a. - Relating to comedy.
a. - Exciting mirth; droll; laughable; as, a comical story.
The word "comical" uses 7 letters: A C C I L M O.
No direct anagrams for comical found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after comical (in bold), or to accilmo in any order:
s - cosmical x - cacomixl
Shorter words found within comical:
acmic ai ail aim al am ami calico calm calo cam ciao claim clam coal coca coil col cola colic coma comal comic la lac laic lam li lima limo lo loam loca loci ma mac mail malic mi mica mil milo mo moa moc moil mol mola oca oil om
List shorter words within comical, sorted by length
Words formed from any letters in comical, plus an optional blank or existing letter
List all words starting with comical, words containing comical or words ending with comical
All words formed from comical by changing one letter
Other words with the same letter pairs: co om mi ic ca al
Browse words starting with comical by next letter
Previous word in list: comic
Next word in list: comicalities
Some random words: duad


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This example will show how to compute or calculate the sum of all elements in an array using java, java 8 and apache commons techniques.
Using a standard java technique, we will iterate over the primitive double array using a enhanced for loop. Each iteration will add the element to the total which will result to the sum of all numbers in the array.
Straight up Java
Java 8 Streams contains reduce operations which provides an internal implementation of sum that enables a cleaner, more maintainable, and eloquent of way of handling summing all elements in an array than above. If you choose, stream.parallel will enable the internal implementation to choose to perform the reduce operation in parallel. Looking for more than just sum, DoubleSummaryStatistics example is a class that calculates all statistics such as average, count, min max and sum.
StatUtils, an appache commons class, provides static methods for computing statistics on primitive double arrays. We will call the sum method which will calculate the sum of the values in the input array.
ReactiveX - RXJava
Observable.from method will convert the
List to an
Observable then emit the items to the sequence. Next, the
sumInteger part of Mathematical and Aggregate Operators will sum all the Integers emitted by the source. In addition to
sumDouble exist as well.


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Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers
This paper presents a flexible irregular model for heterogeneous cloud storage systems and investigates how the cost of repairing failed nodes can be minimized. The fractional repetition code, originally designed for minimizing repair bandwidth for homogeneous storage systems, is generalized to the irregular fractional repetition code, which is adaptable to heterogeneous environments. The code structure and the associated storage allocation can be obtained by solving an integer linear programming problem. For moderate sized networks, a heuristic algorithm is proposed and shown to be near-optimal by computer simulations.


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NORTHERN NEW YORK
Genealogical and family history of northern New York: a record of the achievements of her people
in the making of a commonwealth and the founding of a nation.
New York: Lewis Historical Pub. Co. 1910.
Transcribed by Coralynn Brown
The origin of the surname Burroughs or Burrows is in dispute. Some derive it from a Roman personal name introduced into Britain and thence to Ireland and Wales. It has also been said that the family takes its name from the town of Borough, Leicestershire. In any case the name is probably a place name, and the family has been of some note from the early days of surnames. In 1386 John Burroughs was rector of Collingham, Nottinghamshire, appointed July 1, 1384, chancellor of Cambridge University, of which he was a graduate.
Another John Burroughs, a Benedictine living in 1340, was a writer of some distinction. There have been many noted men in the army, navy and church in England bearing the name.
(I) Jeremiah Burroughs settled in Scituate, Mass., as early as 1645. He served against the Narragansett Indians in 1647. He married, May, 1651, a daughter of Thomas Hewett (also given as Hewes. See Pope's Pioneers of Mass.) He removed to Marshfield, and was drowned in 1660. His widow was appointed administratrix for herself and children.
Children, born in Scituate:
Jeremiah, born March 11, 1651-52.
John, Nov., 1653, mentioned below.
Elizabeth, March 5, 1654-55.
Mary, Dec. 2, 1656.
(II) John, son of Jeremiah Burroughs, was born in Scituate, in Nov. 1653. (See Burroughs family, by L. A. Burroughs, 1894). He settled at Enfield, then Massachusetts, now Connecticut, and died there in 1693. He was one of the first settlers in 1680, and owned the fifth lot south of Ferry Lane. Another account (Enfield records) gives his death as of 1691, and age forty-two years. The date was 1693, as shown by his will, dated in 1691, and presented Sept. 2, 1693, bequeathing to his wife Hannah and children.
John, mentioned below.
(III) John (2), son of John (1) Burroughs, was born in Enfield, about 1685. He married Sarah Tyler, and they removed to Windsor, Conn., in 1718, and bought land there. Another account states that he married Sarah Rumrill, daughter of Simon. A deed of 1720 gives the name of his wife as Elizabeth, showing probably that he had a second wife. His will shows that his wife was Sarah in 1756. Sarah Tyler may have been his first wife and Sarah Rumrill his third wife.
He was called ensign, a mlitary title. His will was dated Dec. 22, 1756, inventory dated Aug. 3, 1757. He had deeded his land to his heirs.
Children, born in what is now Ellington, Conn.:
John, 1711, mentioned below.
Sarah, 1714, married M. Chandler.
Hannah, 1716, married William Booth.
Simon, 1719, married Lydia Porter.
(IV) John (3), son of John (2) Burroughs, was born in Ellington, Windsor, Conn., in 1711. He married Sarah Abby, of Enfield. He removed to Tolland, and thence in May 1766, to Alstead, New Hampshire. He was a farmer.
Sarah, born 1731.
Joel, 1748, married Phebe Messer, of Walpole.
Daniel, 1756, married (first) Mary Crane, (second) Olive Carpenter, and removed to Vermont.
Elijah, born about 1758, mentioned below.
Timothy, married Esther Hurlburt, of Wethersfield, Conn.
Captain John, married Mehitable Carlton; soldier in battle of Bennington.
(V) Elijah, son of John (2) Burroughs, was born about 1758, in Tolland, Conn. He was a soldier in the revolution, from Alstead, in Captain Amos Shepard's company, Colonel Benjamin Bellow's regiment, at the siege of Ticonderoga, 1777; also in Captain Webber's company. Colonel David Hobart's regiment. General John Stark's command, 1777.
His brothers, Joel and Timothy, served also in Shepard's company. He doubtless had other service, the record of which is not identified.
He married Eunice Thompson. The history of Alstead incorrectly states that he had no children, and that he moved to Ohio. He lived in Gorham, New Hampshire, and West Milan, same state.
(VI) Joseph, son of Elijah Burroughs, was born in Alstead in 1773, and died July 22, 1832. He settled on a farm about four miles from Gorham, New Hampshire. About 1820 he came with his family to Rouse's Point, N.Y. He was United States health officer during the cholera plague in 1832, and was himself a victim of the disease.
He married Sarah Marshall, born 1782, died Oct. 14, 1856. He engaged in the manufacture of hats, and made the beaver hats for men then in fashion.
James Madison, born 1804, mentioned below.
Joseph, removed to Toronto, Canada.
Mary, married ____ Hutchins.
Emily W., died in 1832, at Rouse's Point, unmarried.
Frances H., died unmarried in 1830, at Rouse's Point.
George, died in the West Indies.
William, went to Madison, Wisconsin, where he owned a stage line.
Eliza, married William Saxe.
(VII) James Madison, son of Joseph Burroughs, was born in Gorham, in 1804, and died in Champlain, N.Y. Aug. 2, 1872. He engaged in lumbering at Champlain, and kept a general store there; was prominent in public affairs; director of the First National Bank; supervisor of the town.
In politics he was a staunch Democrat; in religion a Presbyterian, although of such liberal views that he became a vestryman of St. John's Episcopal church in order to promote the founding of the parish at Champlain.
He married (first) Abigail J. Dailey, born 1819, died April 3, 1849; (second) Sarah Frost.
Children of first wife:
1. Sarah Matilda, born 1841, died in Aug., 1841.
2. James M., born 1843, died April 12, 1859.
3. George Hoyle, born 1845, mentioned below.
Child of second wife:
(VIII) George Hoyle, son of James Madison Burroughs, was born at Champlain, 1845, and died Dec. 10, 1880. He was educated in the public schools, and became associated in business with his father. He succeeded to the extensive property and business of his father and continued it during his active life. He was supervisor of the town of Champlain and a leading Democrat of his day.
In religion he was an Episcopalian, and a vestryman and treasurer of St. John's church. Besides his personal business affairs, he gave active and efficient service in behalf of all community interets, and was held in the highest esteem for his probity and public spirit.
He married Mary L. Goodrich, born May 9, 1846, daughter of Silas and Maria A. (Grant) Goodrich.
James De Forris, born Nov. 10, 1870, mentioned below.
Laura Maria, Dec. 16, 1872.
Frederic, Oct. 30, 1878.
(IX) James De Forris, son of George H. Burroughs, was born Nov. 10, 1870, at Champlain. N.Y. He was educated in the public schools of Champlain and Plattsburgh, N.Y. He entered the employ of the Sheridan Iron Works in 1888, and was elected secretary of the company in 1904.
He is a Democrat in politics and is supervisor of the town (1909). For twelve years he was on the board of education and for eight years its president. He is a member of the Modern Woodmen of America.
He is an Episcopalian, and is jurior warden and treasurer of the Protestant Episcopal church of Champlain.
He married (first) June 24, 1896, Kate Louise McCaffrey, born Aug. 12, 1872, died April 30, 1900, daughter of William J. and Jennie K. (Morgan) McCaffrey. He married (second), Sept. 18, 1905, Clara Louise Stone.
Children of first wife:
William McCaffrey, born Nov. 24, 1897.
Mary Goodrich, Feb. 2, 1900, died April 30, 1900.
Have these webpages


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Targets not preserved in saved games
When the game is saved in any Doom engine game, monster and missile targets are not registered in the save game file, so any monsters which were active at the time of saving the game become dormant upon loading the game again. However, their location and angle when the game was saved is preserved.
Demonstrating the effect
Here is one way to see the anomalous behavior:
- Start a new game of Doom II (MAP01) on I'm too young to die.
- When the program loads, you will be looking at two troopers with their backs to you. Ignore them for now; instead, walk west along the short corridor until you reach the balcony.
- Fire a bullet. Two grunting sounds will now indicate that you have attracted the troopers' attention.
- Save the game.
- Load the game you just saved.
- (Optional) Stand still for a minute or two and listen. One would expect to hear the breathing noise made by zombies as they walk around, but all is quiet.
- Carefully move back along the corridor to the starting point, keeping your eye on the opening to the north. As you move into each trooper's line of sight, one of two things will happen:
- If he is facing you, he will become active and start moving again.
- If he is not facing you, you will see him standing still.
So, even though the troopers woke up in step 3, they "fell asleep" during step 5.
Some distinguishable effects become evident because of the bug. The target of an incomplete arch-vile attack, for example, is not preserved in a saved game because of the bug. This means loading a saved game that includes such a situation will render the arch-vile attack harmless apart from the flame animation on the arch-vile's ex-target, which is displayed all the way through (as the corresponding flame thing had been spawned there as an effect of the attack). Similarly, the target of a revenant's missile is not stored in the save game data. Therefore, the missiles will no longer follow anything after it is restored.
The cause of this effect can be found in the Doom source code in p_saveg.c, in the functions P_ArchiveThinkers and P_UnarchiveThinkers.
In the Doom source code, the mobj_t structure is used to represent game objects such as monsters. Monster targets are stored in these structures as a field named target, which is a pointer to another mobj_t that the monster is currently targeting.
The Doom engine saves games by directly writing the raw structures used in memory to disk. When reloading saved games, pointers such as the target field are no longer valid (as the layout of structures within memory is different). When loading a game, the P_UnarchiveThinkers function deliberately sets target on all map objects to NULL in order to avoid crashes due to accessing invalid areas of memory. A null target indicates that a monster has no current target, causing active monsters to return to sleep.
A number of source ports have fixed the save game exploit, producing save game files with monsters that will continue to hound their previous target upon reloading the saved game. It is also possible to reconstruct infighting targets from standard Doom savegames by treating the stored mobj_t pointers as unique identifiers and analyzing their mutual relationships to determine which monster used to be which thinker. Mocha Doom uses this approach to reconstruct full target relationships from standard Doom savegames.


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Data visualization with machine embroidery
Materials for a 90 min. crash course targeting a technical audience.
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Motivation for using embroidery in education
- 3 Prior to the workshop / downloads
- 4 Workflow(s) of computerized embroidery
- 5 Typology of embroidery stitch types
- 6 Embroidery machines and physical constraints (resolution, layers, tissue, size, etc.)
- 7 Hands-on: Using InkStitch (a free extension to the free Inscape program)
- 8 Hands-on: Generating, importing and adopting appropriate SVG graphics
- 9 Links
This page was prepared by Daniel K. Schneider for a 75 min workshop at the Dagstuhl Seminar 18441 on DataPhysicalization October 28 – November 2 2018. This technical workshop introduced participants to principles of computerized embroidery and we discussed its potential for data physicalization. At the end of the workshop, most participants created a (very simple) data visualization that could be stitched with any low or high-end embroidery machine. We also found out that installing InkScape on a Mac is a fairly difficult task. We may reuse this page for other crash courses.
- Participants should install beforehand (1) Inkscape (an open source drawing program) and (2) the the InkStitch Extension. Installation prior workshops is particularly recommended for Mac users, since the installation is a bit more difficult.
- Workflow(s) of computerized embroidery (10 min)
- Typology of embroidery stitch types (5min)
- Physical constraints (resolution, layers, tissue, size, etc.) (5 min)
- Hands-on: Using InkStitch (a free extension to the free Inscape program) (40 min)
- Hands-on: Generating, importing and adopting appropriate SVG graphics (30 min)
2 Motivation for using embroidery in education
Affordances (for me)
- Medium to teach: programming (Brady, 2017), vector drawing, mathematics, art, environmental issues, etc. (STEAM)
- "Doing" stimulates problem solving, planning, cooperation, and develops metacognitive skills (Blikstein, 2013).
- There is a demand for design thinking, design skills (Barlex, 2011).
- Teachers (maybe) can create or adapt constructionist learning objects (Zuckerman, 2006, Schneider et al, 2017).
- It motivates because it leads to a product (Kostakis, 2015)
- It is an expressive medium for conveying ideas (e.g. data physicalisation)
- Machine embroidery is working technology (since the 19th century)
- It does not pollute much
- People like it and seem to like learning it. Data from a science faire outreach event:
- N=78 (M_age=18.10, SD_age=14.18, 47 F).
- On a 7-point scale, mean interest of embroidery activity = 6,91 SD=0.29.
My experience so far
- One class with the topic of "embroidery for change" (list of student-projects)
- Several outreach events (> 500 of participant-drawn badges made). In one, data collected on expected and experienced difficulty, plus interest.
- Online manuals created
- Two extended abstracts on embroidery in education directory with slides/papers
3 Prior to the workshop / downloads
- Participants should install beforehand:
Installation prior to the workshop is particularly recommended for Mac users, since the installation of Inkscape is a bit more difficult, i.e. you may have to install X. Make very sure to read the instructions at the bottom of this download page after you confirmed downloading InkScape. Do not install it, before you installed XQuartz (an X Windows implementation for the Mac).
4 Workflow(s) of computerized embroidery
A typical "workflow" for creating an embroidery includes the following steps.
- Create a drawing (by hand or with a drawing software) or download an image
- Import the drawing into an embroidery software
- Convert to editable vector drawing format, if the drawing is in raster format
- Adapt the drawing to the constraints of the embroidery (eliminate the fine details, reduce the colors)
- Transform the drawing into "embroidery objects". An embroidery object defines an area for which embroidery stitches will be generated, according to various parameters
- Adjust / re-adjust these embroidery objects (embroidery types, stitch density, patterns, embroidery order, etc.)
- Convert to executable format for a machine brand (.pes,.art,.jef,.dst etc.)
- Stabilize and hoop the fabric.
- Stitch the design (load it into a machine)
5 Typology of embroidery stitch types
We could distinguish five main stitch types:
- Manual stitches, mostly used to fix some automatically generated stitches
- Running stitches, mostly used for stitching lines or outlines
- Satin stitches are used to stitch wider lines and so-called columns (narrow areas). Typically, a dense zigzag stitch is used.
- Fill stitches, based on a regular pattern are used to fill in larger areas, i.e. polygons that may have holes
- Programmable or specialty stitches can define any sort of imaginable filling strategy, e.g. cross-stitches, radial stitches, little stars...
In addition there some auxiliary stitches:
- Jump stitches (i.e. no stitches), to get from one point to another. Those can be manually cut away once the machine has embroidered the pattern.
- Lock stitches should be used at the end of all elements (in particular columns and fills)
6 Embroidery machines and physical constraints (resolution, layers, tissue, size, etc.)
- A tissue is fixed within a frame that moves in X/Y direction while a needle goes up and down (same needle mechanism as a sewing machine)
- Size of embroidery is limited to size of embroidery frames, e.g. 14.0 x 20.0 cm on a smaller machine. Semi-professional machines can do more, e.g. 36.0 x 20.0cm, but large embroidery is very time-consuming and tricky.
- Smallest resolution is about 1/4 mm, i.e. a typical sating stitch or fill pattern uses 4-5 threads / mm.
- Tiny letters are ugly
- Most fabrics need to be stabilized during embroidery
- T-shirts and other elastic tissues are difficult (need a permanent stabilizer)
- You should not stitch more than three layers. Even two layers is too much most of the times.
- You cannot fill large surfaces. Use some programmable stitch for that.
7 Hands-on: Using InkStitch (a free extension to the free Inscape program)
7.1 Basic use
(1) Draw an object, e.g. a circle
(2) Keep either stroke or path (not both).
Menu Object -> Fill and Stroke. Look at the tabs (fill, stroke paint, stroke type)!
- If you need both fill and stroke, duplicate the object and keep the fill of one and the stroke of the other
(3) Transform the object to an SVG path object (InkStitch only can deal with
Menu Path -> Object to Path
(4) Adapt / parametrize the object (see below for details)
Extensions -> Ink/Stitch -> English -> Params
(5) Simulate, print or create a stitch file
- Simulation: Menu
Extensions -> Ink/Stitch -> English -> Simulate
- PDF file with visualisation: Menu
Extensions -> Ink/Stitch -> English -> Print
- Create a stitch file: Menu
Extensions -> Ink/Stitch -> English -> Embroidery. Alternatively, you also can use
menu file -> Save a copy
- Tip: after using the embroidery command, you will have to unhide drawing layers. In the same way, do not create an InkStitch file from the Stitch Plan
7.2 Create running stitches
- Use or draw a line
- Make it dotted (
Object->Fill and stroke; Stroke style tab -> Dashes)
- Select this object and parametrize (e.g. multiply the stitches)
7.3 Create fills
- Use any fill area (again: we suggest removing the stroke). Make sure to translate to path.
- Select this object and parametrize:
Extensions -> Ink/Stitch -> English -> Params.
- Set angle (direction of stitched lines)¨
- Define an underlay (tick the box in the tab)
7.4 Satin stitch principles
Satin stitches are the "essence " of embroidery. Unfortunately a little bit more difficult to do.
- Default zigzag stitch for fat strokes is ugly. Avoid using it.
A satin column is defined by:
- A single SVG path, also called rail
- Containing two sub-path lines that go in the same direction
- The two sub-paths must have either an identical number of nodes or rungs
Getting such a path can be a bit difficult, in particular if you start from a polygon contour. In these cases, convert the stroke to path, remove the fill, adjust stroke size, cut the lines, and reverse the direction of one of the rails. So let's do something simpler, i.e. create a satin stitch from a line.
7.5 Create a satin stitch from a line
- Draw a line that has a good width for satin stitches, e.g. between 2 and 6mm. Also, the line cannot have overlaps. E.g.
Draw freehand line(F6) Icon in the toolbar to the left
- Smooth it: CTRL-L
- Adapt thickness (Fill and Stroke, Stroke style tab)
- Select this object (verify


Giphy for Slack
The Giphy app lets you search a library of animated GIFs and send them in Slack. Once Giphy is installed to your workspace, any member can post GIFs in conversations from the shortcuts menu. Read on to learn how to use Giphy in Slack.
Add the Giphy app to Slack
 1. Visit the Giphy app page in the Slack App Directory.
 2. Click Add to Slack.
 3. Click Add Giphy Integration.
Send a GIF in Slack
Note: Common words and phrases can return unexpected results. Use with care!
 1. From a conversation, click the lightning bolt icon to open the shortcuts menu.
 2. Search for Giphy.
 3. Click Find and share a GIF
 4. Type a word or phrase in the text field, then click Search.
 5. Click Shuffle to view more options, then select Share to post your GIF.
Tip: The Find and share a GIF shortcut won't show up in the shortcuts menu from threads. To share GIFs in a thread, type the /giphy slash command in the message field, then add your search term and send your message to choose a GIF.
Manage Giphy settings
If you'd like, you can set a maximum GIF rating. Setting a GIF rating for the Giphy app determines the G-R rating of GIFs all members of your workspace will be able to view and send in Slack.
 1. Visit the Giphy page in the Slack App Directory.
 2. Open the dropdown menu to select a GIF rating option.
 3. Click Save Integration.


Speed, Parallel running, and efficiency
Wiki home page
Streamlining estimation
If you have a large complex model, it may take hours to run by default. You can often speed up your model by turning off computation of elements that are only needed on a final evaluation, like the Hessian and standard errors.
Parallel processing
Parallel processing may also help. If available, this is likely on by default. Here's how to do it.
If you have more cores than 1, and OpenMx is not using them, then turning on parallel may help
omxDetectCores() # cores available
getOption('mxOptions')$"Number of Threads" # cores used by OpenMx
Activate parallel as follows:
mxOption(model= yourModel, key="Number of Threads", value= (omxDetectCores() - 1))
TODO: Add how to turn parallel off
If your model is having problems reaching a solution, you might want to checkpoint it (save it to disk at intermediate stages).
These checkpointed versions can help diagnose errors, and the process is documented here here


This is a follow up question to my question yesterday Structural mechanics traction boundary condition question
Does a traction free boundary condition also mean that the displacement gradient is 0 where the boundary condition is applied? My thinking is that it does not because it seems you can have traction free (zero stress) surface with a non-zero displacement gradient.
The traction is defined as
$$ \mathbf{t} = \mathbf{n} \cdot \boldsymbol{\sigma} $$
In terms of components, the zero-traction condition is
$$ t_j = \sum_i n_i \sigma_{ij} = 0 $$
From the above you can see that the stress components don't necessarily have to be zero for the traction to be zero.
For a linear elastic material,
$$ \boldsymbol{\sigma} = \mathsf{C}:\nabla{\mathbf{u}} $$
In component form,
$$ \sigma_{ij} = \sum_k \sum_l C_{ijkl} \frac{\partial u_k}{\partial x_l} $$
Once again, since there is no requirement that all the $C_{ijkl}$ values have to be positive, you don't need all the displacement gradients to be zero for the stresses to be zero (which is not strictly necessary for zero-tractions anyway).
However, zero displacement gradients will lead to zero tractions.
 - $\begingroup$ Hmm. In my previous question, I concluded that traction free=stress free=free surface. Does traction free mean zero traction? Does stress free mean zero stress? If so, then doesn't this mean that traction free=zero stress? $\endgroup$ – David Jan 2 '18 at 22:22
 - $\begingroup$ Stress free = traction free but not vice versa. It's more intuitive if you think in terms of balance of forces on a small element. Note that the momentum PDE is typically defined on an open set; so there are some subtle issues here, e.g., St. Venant principle. $\endgroup$ – Biswajit Banerjee Jan 3 '18 at 0:38
 - $\begingroup$ Ahh got it. So then what is free surface? Is it zero stress? When I think of free surface, I think of the classical cantilever beam problem, where one end is fixed and the other surfaces are "free" $\endgroup$ – David Jan 3 '18 at 5:29
 - $\begingroup$ I believe these "free surfaces" exhibit zero stress (tangential and normal). $\endgroup$ – David Jan 3 '18 at 5:47
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ _USER_ Yes, but just on that surface. $\endgroup$ – nicoguaro Jan 3 '18 at 18:22
Your Answer


text:
Aerodynamics – How does the shape of a vehicle affect the speed it will travel?
A laboratory workshop looking at the effect of aerodynamics on vehicle design. Pupils will constructmodels, and conduct tests in the physics laboratory to identify the designs with the best aerodynamic features. This workshop can also be combined with the college's planetarium presentation. Age P7 – S4 Up to 36 pupils (18 if lab only). One hour for lab only, two hours for planetarium/laboratory. All groups must be accompanied by a member of school staff.


text:
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An educational television network using UHF transmissions from aircraft has been suggested as a means to provide improved classroom instruction to schools throughout the country. Initial airborne tests will begin in 1960. As a step in the evaluation of such a network, calculations have been made which describe the coverage from an airborne station in the presence of interference from other stations. The results should be useful in determining the equipment and channel requirements of a nation-wide network. These requirements will be compared with those necessary to provide equivalent coverage from ground-based UHF stations.


text:
TO CONDITION, OR NOT TO CONDITION, THAT IS THE QUESTION
Between the completely conditional world of Bayesian inference and the completely unconditional world of frequentist inference lies the hazy world of conditional inference.
The extremes are easy. In Bayesian-land you condition on all of the data. In Frequentist-land, you condition on nothing. If your feet are firmly planted in either of these idyllic places, read no further! Because, conditional inference is:
The undiscovered Country, from whose bourn
No Traveller returns, Puzzles the will,
And makes us rather bear those ills we have,
Than fly to others that we know not of.
1. The Extremes
As I said above, the extremes are easy. Let's start with a concrete example. Let be a sample from. Suppose we want to estimate ; for example, could be the mean of.
Bayesian Approach: Put a prior on. After observing the data compute the posterior for. This induces a posterior for given. We can then make statements like
The statements are conditional on. There is no question about what to condition on; we condition on all the data.
Frequentist Approach: Construct a set. We require that
where is the distribution corresponding to taking samples from. We the call a confidence set. No conditioning takes place. (Of course, we might want more than just the guarantee in the above equation, like some sort of optimality; but let's not worry about that here.)
(I notice that Andrew often says that frequentists "condition on ". I think he means, they do calculations for each fixed. At the risk of being pedantic, this is not conditioning. To condition on requires that be a random variable which it is in the Bayesian framework but it is not a random variable in the frequentist framework. But I am probably just nit picking here.)
2. So Why Condition?
Suppose you are taking the frequentist route. Why would you be enticed to condition? Consider the following example from Berger and Wolpert (1988).
I write down a real number. I then generate two random variables as follows:
where and and iid and
Let denote the distribution of. The set of distributions is.
I show Fred the frequentist and and he has to infer. Fred comes up with the following confidence set:
Now, it is easy to check that, no matter what value takes, we have that
Fred is happy. is a 75 percent confidence interval.
To be clear: if I play this game with Fred every day, and I use a different value of every day, we will find that Fred traps the true value 75 percent of the time.
Now suppose the data are. Fred reports that his 75 percent confidence interval is. Fred is correct that his procedure has 75 percent coverage. But in this case, many people are troubled by reporting that is a 75 percent confidence interval. Because with these data, we know that must be 18. Indeed, if we did a Bayesian analysis with a prior that puts positive density on each, he would find that.
So, we are 100 percent certain that and yet we are reporting as a 75 percent confidence interval.
There is nothing wrong with the confidence interval. It is a procedure, and the procedure comes with a frequency guarantee: it will trap the truth 75 percent of the time. It does not agree with our degrees of belief but no one said it should.
And yet Fred thinks he can retain his frequentist credentials and still do something which intuitively feels better. This is where conditioning comes in.
The statistic is an ancillary: it has a distribution that does not depend on. In particular, for every. The idea now is to report confidence, conditional on. Our new procedure is:
If report with confidence level 1.
If report with confidence level 1/2.
This is indeed a valid conditional confidence interval. Again, imagine we play the game over a long sequence of trials. On the subsequence for which, our interval contains the true value 100 percent of the time. On the subsequence for which, our interval contains the true value 50 percent of the time.
We still have valid coverage and a more intuitive confidence interval. Our result is identical the Bayesian answer if the Bayesian uses a flat prior. It is nearly equal to the Bayesian answer if the Bayesian uses a proper but very flat prior.
(This is an example where the Bayesian has the upper hand. I've had other examples on this blog where the frequentist does better than the Bayesian. To readers who attach themselves to either camp: remember, there is plenty of ammunition in terms of counterexamples on BOTH sides.)
Another famous example is from Cox (1958). Here is a modified version of that example. I flip a coin. If the coin is HEADS I give Fred. If the coin is TAILS I give Fred where. What should Fred's confidence interval for be?
We can condition on the coin, and report the usual confidence interval corresponding to the appropriate Normal distribution. But if we look unconditionally, over replications of the whole experiment, and minimize the expected length of the interval, you get an interval that has coverage less than for HEADS and greater than for TAILS. So optimizing unconditionally pulls us away from what seems to be the correct conditional answer.
3. The Problem With Conditioning
There are lots of simple examples like the ones above where, psychologically, it just feels right to condition on something. But simple intuition is misleading. We would still be using Newtonian physics if we went by our gut feelings.
In complex situations, it is far from obvious if we should condition or what we should condition on. Let me review a simplified version of Larry Brown's (1990) example that I discussed here. You observe
, and each is a vector of length. Suppose further that the covariates are independent. We want to estimate.
The "best" estimator (the maximum likelihood estimator) is obtained by conditioning on all the data. This means we should estimate the vector by least squares. But, the least squares estimator is useless when.
From the Bayesian point of view we compute we compute the posterior
which, for such a large, will be useless (completely dominated by the prior).
These estimators have terrible behavior compared to the following "anti-conditioning" estimator. Throw away all the covariates except the first one. Now do linear regression using only and the first covariate. The resulting estimator is then tightly concentrated around with high probability. In this example, throwing away data is much better than conditioning on the data. There are some papers on "forgetful Bayesian inference" where one conditions on only part of the data. This is fine but then we are back the the original question: what do we condition on?
There are many other example such as this one.
4. The Answer
It would be nice if there was a clear answer such as "you should always condition" or "you should never condition." But there isn't. Do a Google Scholar search on conditional inference and you will find an enormous literature. What started as a simple, compelling idea evolved into a complex research area. Much of these conditional methods are very sophisticated and rely on second order asymptotics. But it is rare to see anyone use conditional inference in complex problems, with the exception of Bayesian inference which some will argue goes for a definite, psychologically satisfying answer at the expense of thinking hard about the properties of the resulting procedures.
Unconditional inference is simple and avoids disasters. The cost is that we can sometimes get psychologically unsatisfying answers. Conditional inference yields more psychologically satisfying answers but can lead to procedures with disastrous behavior.
There is no substitute for thinking. Be skeptical of easy answers.
Thus Conscience does make Cowards of us all,
And thus the Native hue of Resolution
Is sicklied o'er, with the pale cast of Thought,
Berger, J.O. and Wolpert, R.L. (1988). The likelihood principle, IMS.
Brown, L. D. (1990). An Ancillarity Paradox Which Appears in Multiple Linear Regression. Ann. Statist. 18, 471-493. link to paper.
Cox, D.R. (1958). Some problems connected with statistical inference. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 29, 357-372.
Please comment on the article here: Normal Deviate


text:
Submitted to: National Cotton Council Beltwide Cotton Conference
Publication Type: Proceedings
Publication Acceptance Date: January 9, 1998
Publication Date: N/A
Interpretive Summary: Modern U.S. cotton gins use cyclone collectors to remove trash and fine dust from air conveying lines before releasing the air back to the atmosphere. The most common type of cyclone currently in use at cotton gins is the 1D3D design. It features a cylindrical upper body equal in height (1D) to its diameter, and a lower cone section that is 3 times longer (3D) than the cyclone's maximum diameter. While these types of cyclones have gained widespread acceptance in the ginning industry over the past 10 to 15 years, they have also created some unexpected problems. The 1D3D design features a tall, narrow inlet that has in many instances caused the cyclone to choke up and cease to operate properly. Field solutions to this problem have included changes to the inlet transitions connecting the cyclones to the round air conveying lines. The original flat top transitions are frequently inverted to overcome the choking problem. This solution, however, causes the cyclone to emit more dust to the atmosphere than normal. This paper describes and evaluates modifications to the inlet of the 1D3D cyclone that overcome both the choking problem and the dust problem. In addition, two other modifications were evaluated. One of these, an enlarged trash exit, also significantly improved cyclone performance.
Technical Abstract: A 2D2D type cyclone inlet was substituted for the tall, narrow inlet of the standard 1D3D cyclone in an attempt to overcome choking problems when using the standard flat-top inlet transition, or performance problems when using an inverted transition. This inlet modification lowered the modified cyclone's emissions by 8 to 9%, and slightly reduced its static pressure requirements. The 1D3D cyclone equipped with a 2D2D inlet operated satisfactorily with either the standard 1D3D type outlet duct, or the shorter 2D2D type outlet. The size of the cyclone's trash exit significantly affected PM10 emissions. A larger (D/3) size exit produced PM10 emissions that were about 8% lower than those resulting from use of the standard, small-diameter (D/4) exit.


text:
van Oosterhout, M. F. M., T. Arts, J. B. Bassingthwaighte, R. S. Reneman and F. W. Prinzen. Relation between local myocardial growth and blood flow during chronic ventricular pacing. Cardiovasc Res. 53:831-840, 2002.
Several studies have shown that, per unit mass, myocardial blood flow (MBF) and oxygen consumption are similar in hypertrophic and non-hypertrophic ventricles. This observation may be explained by the degree of myocardial growth matching the increase in oxygen demand. Such matching may, however, not be perfect at the local level, because substantial heterogeneity of MBF exists within the ventricular wall. We investigated to what extent local growth and MBF are matched after redistribution of workload within the left ventricular (LV) wall. Redistribution of workload was established by ventricular pacing at physiological heart rate, which induces asynchronous activation and contraction. Local wall mass (2D-echocardiography) and MBF (fluorescent microspheres) were determined in the canine LV wall before (t=0) and after 6 months of normal sinus rhythm (SHAM group, n=5) or 6 months of pacing at the LV free wall (PACE group, n=8). During acute pacing MBF (ml/min/g) increased with increasing distance to the pacing site. Local relative MBF (rMBF, local MBF normalized to mean MBF in the LV wall) varied from 0.8 adjacent to the pacing site to 1.2 in remote regions. After 6 months of pacing these regional differences had disappeared, probably due to changes in wall mass, which increased with increasing distance to the pacing site (by up to 39+/-13%). In SHAM animals rMBF at t=0 correlated well with rMBF 6 months later (r=0.71). In PACE animals, however, this correlation was poor (r=0.33), because rMBF increased in regions close to the pacing site with initial rMBF1. CONCLUSIONS: After redistribution of workload within the LV wall as induced by ventricular pacing, local load-regulated growth tends to equalize MBF distribution, but local adaptation of MBF also depends on initial MBF.


text:
IT Technician Job Description
A IT technician job description can mean anything from overseeing the activities meant to support the network, mainframe or microcomputer computing field. They install and maintain everything related to these environments, including software, hardware and networks. They must be aware of the procedures, practices, methods, regulations, policies and all other laws related to the fields. They can also provide end user assistance and training whenever necessary.
A more detailed IT technician jobs description will look something like this:
Perform installations, maintenance and repair work on any computer related equipment that supports the business from laptops, desktops, communications equipment (digital & IP phones), tablets (ex. iPad's), smart phones (ex. Blackberry's, iPhone's, Android's), printers, local area networks, wide area networks, any piece of computer related peripheral or software an end user would be using. An IT technician has to perform the majority of the mentioned tasks while providing a high level of customer service to the user.
The job responsibilities of an IT technician can be classified as follows.
1. Monitoring and maintaining technology for maximum access, which includes:
a. Connecting and setting up hardware
b. Installing work stations
c. Loading all necessary software
d. Providing network access and connectivity to the staff
e. Monitoring security
f. Installing and maintaining passwords and Foolproof
g. Advising staff about any security breach such as change in password
h. Ensuring that lock out programs are installed
i. Troubleshooting all issues in a timely manner
j. Maintaining IP addresses
k. Maintaining a list of necessary maintenance and repairs
l. Researching both current and potential services and resources
m. Making recommendations about the purchase of resources
n. Identifying and preparing hardware for safe disposal
o. Ensuring hardware is secured and stripped before disposal
2. Ensuring technology is equipped with the latest hardware and software and is accessible,
where the main activities are:
a. Troubleshooting network operating system, software and hardware
b. Being familiar with network operating system, software and hardware
c. Work within a ticketing system and create documentation for new processes
d. Training staff to maximize the potential of existing technology
e. Taking new users through the orientation process
f. Providing individual support and training upon request
g. Providing recommendations about support and information access
h. Maintaining an updated inventory of software, hardware and resources
i. Demonstrated aptitude for continuous learning and innovative thinking
j. Able to work independently and in a team environment
k. Strong written, oral and interpersonal skills with a demonstrated ability to communicate with outside vendors and internal staff.
3. Performing any other IT related duties during working hours and when necessary sometimes after hour on-call work.
Most organizations have a wide array of technologies to support which mostly consist of the following:
- Microsoft Windows XP, Windows 7 operating systems
- Microsoft Office 2003, 2007, 2010
- Microsoft Exchange, Outlook email client
- IBM Lotus Domino & Lotus Notes email client
- Novell Groupwise
IT Technician & Desktop Certifications:
- CompTIA: Computer Technology Industry Association
- A+: Certified Computer Technician
- MCITP: Microsoft Certified IT Professional
- MCTS: Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist
- University degree or college diploma in computer science or one year's equivalent work experience
- Extensive experience of computers and servers or at least MCSE 2000 qualification
- Thorough understanding of PC and network hardware
- Experience in hands-on hardware troubleshooting
- Experience in equipment support
- Working technical knowledge of the latest operating systems, network protocols and standards.
- Ability to read all relevant documents, including OEM guides, procedural documentation and technical manuals and understand them well.
- Ability to use peripheral accessories, components and other related tools.
- Ability to carry relevant research
- Ability to perform tasks and prioritize in high-pressure environments
- Attention to detail
- A good understanding of the organization's objectives
- Good interpersonal and relationship-building skills
- Good customer-service orientation
- Physical Demands: IT technicians spend a lot of time sitting, which may lead to muscle strain. They are also required to lift computer equipment, materials and supplies.
- Environmental Conditions: The IT technicians must be prepared for interruptions as they manage several projects simultaneously. They may work under noisy and busy
environments. They need time, stress and organizational management skills.
- Sensory Demands: Using computers for extended periods may lead to eyestrain and headaches. It may also be challenging to concentrate when working in noisy and busy
- Mental Demands: Since the IT technicians will deal with frustrated clients who require their services immediately, the work environment may be rather stressful.
There are several certifications and hands on training courses that can be found in most educational institutes, training facilities and software companies. These certifications can be obtained to make sure IT Technicians are always up to date with the latest versions of software, hardware and operating systems. Many of these certifications build on each other and some are more suitable for more experienced IT Technicians. Who then can pursue a Systems Administrators position, which administer and support the infrastructure and servers that the desktops and laptops connect too. One can even pursue a Network Administrator position. This individual would be in charge of the network itself, everything from the switch, routers and connectivity for the entire infrastructure. Getting the proper training, experience under your belt and becoming certified can provide a wide array of opportunities, higher paying jobs and an exciting career in the Information Technology sector which is always in demand.


Original article:
Evolution in the office: How evolutionary psychology can increase employee health, happiness, and productivity
Evolutionary Psychology 10(5): 770-781 Carey J. Fitzgerald, Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA, _EMAIL_ M. Danner, Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
We review the empirical literature that has implemented aspects of our ancestral environment into the workplace and discuss the positive influence these factors have had on employees' physical and psychological health. We focus upon several components of our ancestral environment, including sunlight, greenery, sleep, physical movement, and social interaction with fellow humans as well as animals (specifically, dogs). Employers who are willing to adopt an evolutionary psychological approach to organizing their workplaces may drastically improve their workers' overall physical and psychological health as well as their overall productivity. This will, in turn, decrease employer costs related to medical care, absenteeism, and lack of productivity. Suggestions regarding how to implement these evolutionary psychological methods to the workplace are also discussed.
applied evolutionary psychology, sunlight, greenery, workplace, employee productivity, mismatch hypothesis
Full article
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text:
African History from the 1400s to the 1800s
Click on the letters and numbers below to read about historical events in the various regions of Africa:
When you have finished reading about the historical events in Africa, view the timeline and graphic organizer for Map 2 and fill them out with the appropriate information.
Go to Timeline for Map 2
Go on to Activity Three or select from the other activities in the lesson below.


Potting Soils for a Bonsai
Bonsai trees don't grow in the potting soil normally used for other potted plants, which is designed to retain water and be a dense source of nutrients. Bonsai soil is mixed specifically for container-bound trees, having increased drainage and aeration to encourage a dense network of fine roots to grow in small containers. Bonsai soil particles are also much larger than normal soil, sifted to be around 3/16 inch in size.
Inorganic vs. Organic
Bonsai growers from different parts of the country disagree over whether bonsai soil should be 100 percent inorganic or if it should also contain some percentage of organic materials. Learning to correctly water bonsai trees is more difficult with organic components in the soil because overwatering is a danger. Once the watering technique is learned, however, increased water retention decreases the watering maintenance required to keep trees healthy in extended heat waves or while the grower is on vacation.
Traditional Japanese bonsai uses akadama as the primary component in bonsai soils. Akadama is a dried mineral similar to clay that is found only in Japan. It is imported into the United States, but it is very expensive. Fired-clay products serve in a similar capacity and are available locally. Landscape supply stores sell inexpensive fired-clay products as soil amendments. Small lava rocks and pumice also display water-retention properties similar to fired clay and akadama.
Inert Grit
Inert grit does not retain any water and serves only to aerate the soil. Inorganic bonsai soils are made entirely of inert grit and akadama substitutes. When organic components are used, grit makes up 40 to 50 percent of bonsai soil and fired clay or pumice around 25 percent of the soil. Grit can be any clean substance that will not break down over time. River pebbles, coarse sand and decomposed granite are popular options.
Organic Options
As long as there are no water-retaining additives, almost any organic component with the correct particle size can be used to make up the remaining percentage of bonsai soil. Bonsai growers who use organic components often use composted pine bark because it decomposes more slowly than other options. Leaf mulch and old compost are also used, and some even use garden soil. Fresh composts that are still decomposing will burn bonsai roots.


text:
Calculate the oxidation number of phosphorus in the following species.
(a) HPO2-3 and
We calculate oxidation number based on the rules of oxidation. For the unknown oxidation number we assign variable x, and for all the known values for alkali metals, oxygen and halogens, we use the fact that the algebraic sum of all the oxidation states in the compound is equal to the charge on the compound. The oxidation number for hydrogen is +1, Sodium (Na) is +1 and for oxygen is -2.
HPO2-3 è x= +3
Na2S4O6 è x= 5/2
Na2SO3 è x= +4
Na2SO4 è x= +6
The fractional ON of 5/2 can be explained by its structure, where it contains S-S bond, thus the charge being divided by two atoms.
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Psi-calculi revisited: Connectivity and compositionality
Johannes Åman Pohjola
UNSW Sydney
Best paper award.
Psi-calculi is a parametric framework for process calculi similar to popular pi-calculus extensions such as the explicit fusion calculus, the applied pi-calculus and the spi calculus. Mechanised proofs of standard algebraic and congruence properties of bisimilarity apply to all calculi within the framework. A limitation of psi-calculi is that communication channels must be symmetric and transitive. In this paper, we give a new operational semantics to psi-calculi that allows us to lift these restrictions and simplify some of the proofs. The key technical innovation is to annotate transitions with a provenance - a description of the scope and channel they originate from. We give mechanised proofs that our extension is conservative, and that the standard algebraic and congruence properties of bisimilarity are maintained. We show correspondence with a reduction semantics and barbed bisimulation. We show how a pi-calculus with preorders that was previously beyond the scope of psi-calculi can be captured, and how to encode mixed choice under very strong quality criteria.
BibTeX Entry
 author = {{\AA}man Pohjola, Johannes},
 doi = {\_1},
 month = jun,
 year = {2019},
 keywords = {Process algebra; Psi-calculi; Nominal logic; Interactive theorem proving; Bisimulation},
 title = {Psi-Calculi Revisited: Connectivity and Compositionality},
 address = {Lyngby, Denmark},
 pages = {3-20},
 volume = {11535},
 booktitle = {FORTE 2019: International Conference on Formal Techniques for Distributed Systems},
 paperurl = {},
 publisher = {Springer},
 isbn = {9783030217587}


text:
Ferhad-bey Vuković-Desisalić built his mosque in 1561/1562.
Later a mahala took shape around it, known as Ferhadija. The mekteb, imaret, drinking fountain and ornamental fountain erected alongside the Ferhadija were burned down in fires in 1879 and 1897.
The Ferhadija mosque reflects the full maturity of the classical Ottoman style-domed mosque, portico with small domes, and beautiful built-on minaret.
Ferhadija Mosque, Sarajevo
Research works on the painted decoration inside the mosque carried out in the 1964/1965 revealed five painted layers dating from various periods.
The oldest and extremely valuable decorations of the first layer date from 16th century (in the dome, on the cornice and pendentives, the base of the corner calottes, the mihrab and the lunettes of the lower row of windows), belonging to the group known as Rumi ornament,m which were also to be seen in the Aladža mosque in Foča.
The next layers (on the calottes, central part of the mihra, and surface of the dome) consists of purely floral decorations with the features of 18th century style.
The third and fourth layers date from the late 19th century (1878), and the first quarter of the 20th.


text:
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Numerical Simulation of the coupling efficiency for the light emitting from a commercially available ball-lens capped TO-can laser diode into a single-mode fiber (SMF) is reported. The alignment sensitivity of the coupling efficiency for this laser-to-lens-to-fiber optical configuration is investigated in detail. The result is useful for defining the design tolerances and assembly specifications of economic SMF pigtailed To-can laser diode packages. An optical simulation software package is used to compute the laser-to-lens-to-fiber coupling efficiency. By adjusting the nominal system parameters of the given optical configuration, the maximum coupling efficiency calculated from the best fitted simulation result being equal to 17.3% is obtained, which very well agrees with experimental result of ∼16%. However, it is a bit lower than that of previously reported. It is noticed that in the presence of the ball lens, the axial alignment sensitivity on the coupling efficiency is much relieved as compared to the butt-coupling configuration. However, the lateral alignment sensitivity is still very stringent. An experimental measurement is done on this optical system The alignment sensitivities of the coupling efficiency on both directions are obtained. The results are compared with that from the simulation. A very good fit of the data onto simulated curve can be obtained by adjusting some of the critical system parameters.


text:
What are orifice flanges
|Materials Used||Key Features||Uses|
Orifice flanges are used instead of the standard pipe flanges when orifice plate or flow nozzle is used. In other words, orifice flanges are used with orifice meters. The basic purpose for this is to measuring the flow rate of either gases or liquids in the respective pipeline. They are, for all intensive purposes, the same as weld neck and slip-on flanges with extra machining. They have modifications of radial tapped holes in the flange ring for meter connections and orifice plate carriers for the reason of fitting meter connections. The additional bolts act as a jack to allow the separation of the two flanges to change the orifice plate or for other inspection services.
Orifice flanges are for metering the volumetric flow rate of liquids and gasses through a pipe. Two orifice flanges are called an orifice flange union. Each flange comes with two pipe taps for measuring the pressure drop of the flow through an orifice plate. Orifice plates do not come with the flanges and are sized based on the requirements of the process. Two jack screws are used to spread the flanges apart in order to change the orifice plate. This flange is normally available in weld neck, slip-on, and threaded flanges. These flanges have a raised face.
Orifice flanges are installed in a straight run of pipe in order to avoid turbulence at the plate. As a rule of thumb, an orifice flange has ten diameters of straight pipe upstream and five diameters of pipe downstream.
When installing the orifice plate flange the pressure taps need to be at the same elevation to each other. The assumption when making the calculation for the orifice plate is that static head of the tubes is the same on both sides of the orifice plate. Pressure taps should not be installed facing down as the taps could become plugged with debris in the line.
- Cast iron
- Stainless Steel
- Carbon Steel
- Copper etc.
- Come with either raised faces or ring type joint (RTJ ) facings.
- The orifice flanges have modifications of radial tapped holes in the flange ring for meter connections.
- There are the orifice plate carriers in these flanges for the reason of fitting meter connections.
- The additional bolts available serve as a jack to allow the separation of the two flanges to change the orifice plate or for other relevant services like inspection.
- The basic purpose of an orifice flange is used to flow/rate metering of piping systems.
- They are used for all intensive purposes, similar to weld neck and slip-on flanges with extra machining.


Best answer: How do you keep homemade fries from sticking?
How do you make potatoes not stick to the pan?
How to prevent diced potatoes from sticking to stainless steel…
 1. Clean and season the pan. It helps if you have a pan with thick bottom for even heat distribution and heat buffer.
 2. Heat the pan to fairly high temperature before adding new oil.
 3. Use decent amount of oil. …
 4. Don't disturb the potatoes right after dumping them in the pan.
Do you need to flip fries in the oven?
IT IS INTERESTING: Can you fry frozen leeks?
Why do you soak french fries before cooking?
Should I brine french fries?
Do you boil water before adding potatoes?
Once you've prepped your potatoes, it's time to get them in the pot. It's important to remember to put the potatoes in the cooking liquid before bringing it to a boil — not the other way around. This allows the potatoes and the liquid to heat at the same time for even cooking.
Why do you Soak potatoes in water before air frying?
When you make traditional deep-fried French fries, it's advisable to soak the potatoes ahead of time in cold water. Soaking the potatoes does something magical with the starches—it helps achieve the coveted French fry crispiness and prevents the fries from sticking together. This is what I did for the air fryer, too.
Why are my homemade fries soggy?
IT IS INTERESTING: How can I make my paneer soft after frying?
Why are my fries not crispy?
Why are my baked fries soggy?
Don't overcrowd your baking sheet.
This is especially important if you're making a big batch of fries. Instead of just piling more onto one baking pan, spread them out over two baking pans or cook them in batches. If they're all crammed onto one pan, they'll steam instead of bake, and you'll end up with soggy fries.
How do you make crispy french fries from scratch?
 1. Preheat oven to 375°F.
 4. Toss with oil and seasonings. …
 5. Bake for 20 minutes.
22 февр. 2019 г.
How long should you soak potatoes before frying?
Should you soak chips before frying?
IT IS INTERESTING: You asked: Does pork need to be cooked all the way through?
What oil is best for french fries?
How do you keep french fries crispy?
There's an easy way, borrowed from restaurants that deep-fry food every day, to keep your fried foods crispy and delicious! The best way to keep fried foods crispy? Just place them on a cooling rack set over a baking sheet.
What type of potato is best for french fries?
What type of potato makes the best french fries, Russets. This mealy potato is high in starch and low in moisture which makes them absolutely delicious for french fries. The russets do not stop there, the high starch content makes for a fluffy baked potato.


text:
Charles Bridges promotion, Castine, 1861Item 66910 info
Maine Historical Society
Bridges was 22 when the Castine Light Infantry militia unit to which he belonged became part of the new 2nd Maine Infantry.
At the outbreak of war, President Abraham Lincoln had asked the states for 75,000 men to serve for ninety days – at the time, few expected a long war – and Maine was asked for one regiment, or 1,000 men.
In a declaration of patriotism, the legislature approved raising 10 two-year regiments, combining existing militiamen with new volunteers.
Five militia companies from Bangor and Penobscot Bay, more ceremonial than martial, anchored the 2nd Maine. The Castine Light Infantry became Company B.


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Let's find possible answers to "Japanese emperor" crossword clue. First of all, we will look for a few extra hints for this entry: Japanese emperor. Finally, we will solve this crossword puzzle clue and get the correct word. We have 1 possible solution for this clue in our database.
- "Princess Ida" follow-up operetta, with "The"
- "Tit-Willow" opera (with "The")
- Gilbert and Sullivan operetta, with 'The'
- Ruler in a Gilbert and Sullivan title
- Gilbert and Sullivan operetta (with "The")
- The _, Gilbert and Sullivan work featuring Ko-Ko and Nanki-Poo
- Gilbert and Sullivan emperor


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Common Economic Welfare: An Alternative Economic Model?
The common economic welfare (CEW) is intended as an alternative economic model for the current liberal market. Der Service Gärtner, a sister company of Energiepflanzen.com would like to give you an insight into the topic:
What is the background? How did Der Service Gärtner arrive at the idea? Our experiences, and what it has brought it to us so far.
Background, or The First Insight into the Common Economic Welfare
It represents an alternative economic model and is based on the values promoting common welfare. It supports changes that go towards sustainability, fairness, and democracy. Its goal is to provide a good life for all living creatures and for the Earth
The common economic welfare (CEW) does not only apply to enterprises or schools. Communities, clubs, and individuals can also contribute very much to the public welfare. For example, there is a common welfare self-test for each one of us. Basically, you assess what contribution you can make to the common welfare.
You make impacts or work economically, politically, and socially:
Economy: The model applies to everyone, no matter whether you are a company, a municipality, or a school. Size or legal form do not matter, either.
In politics, legal changes are discussed for such an economic system. Politics should eventually help establish the standards of human dignity, fairness, solidarity, justice, involvement, and sustainability.
In social sphere, the contribution should be made to creating awareness. The movement is looking for networking with similar initiatives. Appreciation and encouragement are also important points.
How can the values of the common economic welfare be experienced in our everyday life?
Here, common welfare matrix can help. It contains criteria to analyze objects using a scoring system.
As a company, you generate a common welfare balance or a first report. You perform the assessment yourself, and then the balance or report are checked externally. Then you may/should publish them to meet the transparency requirements. For individuals, the self-test is a bit easier: This is an Excel sheet with answers to the questions regarding their personal attitude to the common welfare. Here, you also deal with the same scoring system. In the end, you can see your "We Awareness" based on that score, which stimulates thinking with some certainty!
The long-term goal is to get legal benefits granted for the common welfare company, such as better credit conditions, lower tax burdens, preferential public contracts, and facilitated (international) trading. Moreover, in an ideal case, the profits made should not be distributed to external persons; they should remain in the company and strengthen the same. The drive for economy growth should disappear, creativity and cooperation are forced by enterprises more actively, the life will become more satisfied, and trading fairer. The practice will show whether it is really the case.
This form of economic order ensures democratic decision making, and everyone is encouraged to contribute their ideas to.Over time, the common welfare economy must be captured in the Constitution.
Why an alternative economy?
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), environment protection, employee recognition, respect for everyone – employees, customers, colleagues, or suppliers. All this has been an integral part of the Service Gärtners since it was founded. As climate-alliance company, we set the initial course followed by the first natural-gas car, and a larger conversion of vehicle fleet in 2013. Moreover, the paper used in the office is environmentally friendly, and the company knows its CO2 emissions. The public welfare economy was just the next logical step to make business more transparent.
What were the experiences of the Service Gärtner?
Since you must deal with your company intensively, it is a priori clear that generating the balance sheet or report would be time-consuming. Regional group meetings and a manual with many tips, explanations of the questions, and positive examples serve as an aid, which has already excellently worked in practice.
Scores should be given for individual criteria, which is not so easy, because how can you estimate your own company?
The whole thing is the process of learning by doing!
So euphoric as landscape gardeners may be now, we, at Service Gärtner, wanted to start with the balance sheet immediately. We downloaded all materials, and the work began. We participated in the Energy Group meeting, which was a great support. However, the meetings were very time consuming, and that did not always fit in the gardeners' everyday work. So we developed much by ourselves and got good results. However, much turned out to be too immature; there were no answers at all to some questions or proofs for some matters – the phase of disenchantment set in, and we had not worked on that for almost one year. In a year, the first report (the simple version) was generated, checked externally, and published on our website. Now you can get a good overview of what the Service Gärtner does and how it can improve. Meanwhile, the manual was read, and balance sheet 2014 was prepared using it – next spring, our sister company can publish its first "large" balance sheet!
The authors of the common welfare balance sheet came up with those ideas, too:
CEW does not fit for all companies, perhaps. Among negative criteria, there are some points that are greatly demanded of by one or more enterprises. Nuclear power can be mentioned as an example: It falls under inhumane products and is evaluated negatively. There are 200 minus points here. Therefore, the company must largely invest into safety or equality, or any other positive criteria to get a good value.
There are also critical opinionsregarding CEW, of course: The Julius Raab Foundation, for example, has spoken out on the topic.
for many times: Once in "Anschlag auf unseren Wohlstand?" and furthermore, also a critical examination by Dr. René Schmidpeter. They show the negative sides of the economic model or the idea that some approaches should be reconsidered – expropriation and individuals' freedom restriction should also be mentioned. Developing this further, you come to dictatorship – if it is not to come = the way to this form of economy will apply worldwide, so it is still far away.
What will generating the common economic balance sheet bring?
First of all, showing what the company does. Internally, we talk pretty much about it, but actually the most remains in operation. However, it would be much more interesting to share visions with others, exchange ideas, and make our own activities transparent.
Of course, such balance sheet also detects where improvements can take place. The matrix standards are relatively high, but you get to your destination step by step. Currently, it is not the intention to be already perfect in everything – yearly improvements make more sense.


Services Departments Government
Subdivisions and Condominium Naming Policy
To clarify the statutes, the following policies are adopted:
 1. No tentative subdivision plan or subdivision plat or condominium shall be approved which bears a name similar to or pronounced the same as the name of any other subdivision or condominium in the same county, unless the land platted is contiguous to and platted by the same party that platted the subdivision or condominium bearing that name or unless the party files and records the consent (notarized) of the party that platted the contiguous plat bearing that name. A copy of the consent must be provided to the County Surveyor prior to name approval.
 2. Geographical Names - Names that are indicative of a specific area such as a region or a city may be used a maximum of ten (10) times. A portion of the plat name must be significantly different. Examples of allowable names are: "Bull Mountain Estates", "Bull Mountain Park", and "Bull Mountain Woods." Once there are ten plat names that begin with "Bull Mountain", no further use will be allowed.
 3. Similarly, the use of other words such as "Fir", "Oak", "Green", "Sun", "Eagle", "North", "South", "East", "West"", etc. will be governed by the same rule. Examples of allowable names are: "Sundown", "Sun Gate", "Sun Ridge." The use of "Sun Ridge Estates" would not be allowed when a plat has previously been recorded as "Sun Ridge." Once there are ten plat names that begin with "Oak", "North", "Sun", etc., no further use will be allowed.
 4. No subdivision plat name shall begin with "A", "The" or other similar words, or use the words "Subdivision" or "Plat" in the name of the subdivision.
 5. No condominium plat name shall begin with "A", "The" or other similar words. Condominium plats are required to have the word "condominium", "condominiums", or "a condominium" in the plat name. ORS 100.105(5).
 6. Phases in subdivisions shall be named as follows:
 For the first phase "Oak Hills"
 For the second phase "Oak Hills No. 2"
 For the third phase "Oak Hills No. 3"
 7. Supplemental condominiums shall meet the requirements of ORS 100.115(4).
 8. Initials will not be allowed in plat names.
 9. Plat names shall not begin with a number (i.e.: 78th, 102nd) unless the number is spelled out. (i.e.: ONE ROSA PLACE).
 10. Use of roman numerals in a plat name is not allowed.
Since the planning process is generally very lengthy, approved plat names may be reserved with the County Surveyor for a period of two (2) years.
 1. The Clackamas County Surveyor approves all condominium and subdivision names.
 2. Check the List of Existing and Approved Plat Names at our office for availability, and then contact the County Surveyor's Office to confirm that a specific name is allowable.
 Download Request to Reserve Subdivision / Condominium Name
 3. Fill out and submit the "Request to Reserve Subdivision/Condominium Name" prior to submittal of your plat. Names are not approved until you receive notice.
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Implication Of Perforated Jet In Flow Characterises
The study of free jets is a phenomenon of functional and operational importance for space research activities. The
exhaust nozzle forms an integral part of any space vehicle and significantly affects the related mission. This necessitates the
need to study the efflux from an exhaust nozzle to understand the flow characteristics and performance parameters. The flow
emanating from the exhaust nozzle had been extensively studied but preceding works mostly resorted to circular or
rectangular opening. The force propelling these vehicles is directly affected by the nozzle shape and size which varies from
nozzle to nozzle. The flow characteristics and related performance parameters are very likely to be altered with change in
nozzle size and shape. This aspect of exhaust nozzles is yet to be explored. In this work, we mainly focus on optimizing the
shape of exhaust nozzle for maximum performance. An existing experimental apparatus was adapted for the study.
Experiments were carried out on jet emanating from a rectangular opening and compared with that of a perforated opening
of a fixed diameter. The specific objectives of the work were to investigate the role of various exit shapes on flow features,
performance parameters and to know the role of important parameters.
KeywordsFree jet, Flow interaction, Perforated jet, Momentum loss, Exit shape.


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Department of Agriculture
Master of Science
Isolates of Citrus Tristeza Virus (CTV) in Belize may be causing inverse stem pitting, stunting, and slow decline on sweet and sour orange rootstock combination on field trees. One isolate on Cleopatra mandarin rootstock expressed no field symptoms but may be a possible source of a detrimental isolate to more susceptible citrus rootstock combinations. Field plants and field source inoculated indicator plants were used in this study. The first objective was to determine whether field trees of sweet Valencia orange trees that expressed symptoms of CTV would test positive to a polyclonal (mild and severe symptoms) and a monoclonal (severe decline) antibody. Of the 81 trees tested, 56% tested positive to a polyclonal antibody G-604. None of the trees tested positive to the monoclonal antibody MCA-13. The second objective was to determine the biological and serological reactivity on host indicator plants of some of the most symptomatic trees having highest optical density value readings from the ELISA test. Mexican lime showed mild to moderate vein clearing on three of the isolates tested, while sweet orange showed mild to moderate translucent veins on two of the isolates tested. Four isolates from the indicator host plants tested positive to polyclonal antibody G-604 but none tested positive to MCA-13. The third objective was to determine if there were any differences among the nucleotide sequences of three CTV isolates. The CTV coat protein gene (CPG) of isolates which reacted to a polyclonal antibody G-604 but not to monoclonal antibody (MCA-13) was selectively amplified by polymerase chain reaction from infected tissue extracts and sequenced using negative sense CN 407 primer. All three isolates revealed between ninety-eight and ninety percent significant identities to known CTV isolates previously characterized from citrus growing regions around the world.
Agriculture | Agronomy and Crop Sciences
Sabal, Harry, "Molecular Characterization of Citrus Tristeza Virus Isolates in Commercial Citrus Grown in Belize" (2001). Masters Theses & Specialist Projects. Paper 699.


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Etch A Sketch Toys
Etch A Sketch toys are a fun game without the need for a digital connection, reams of paper, or pencils that need constant sharpening. Indulge your imagination with this drawing toy that easily and completely erases in seconds for the next creative image to come to life. Etch A Sketch games allow you to draw an infinite number of images to keep up with your creativity.What is an Etch A Sketch toy?
The 1960 release of the Etch A Sketch introduced it as a mechanical drawing toy with a thick, gray, glass screen inside a plastic red frame with two small white knobs. The knobs are twisted by hand to adjust the metal pointer, or stylus, under the screen in order to create a drawing, or sketch, with the powder contained inside. You then turn the Etch A Sketch upside down and shake it to erase the image and can immediately draw a new sketch on a blank slate.How does an Etch A Sketch toy work?
Inside the Etch A Sketch toy is aluminum powder fully coating the screen in order to draw a sketch. As the knobs are turned, the left one for horizontal movement and the right one for vertical movement, the stylus continues to push the powder away. The displaced powder leaves what appears to be a black or dark gray line on the Etch A Sketch display, but in reality it is just the empty space inside the Etch A Sketch. This effectively creates your sketch as you continue to adjust the knobs for vertical or horizontal movement. When you shake the Etch A Sketch, polystyrene beads help coat and redistribute the aluminum powder over the inside surface of the display.What are the benefits of drawing with Etch A Sketch?
Lineography is the act of drawing without lifting the medium from the surface. The Etch A Sketch is a lineographic toy; the stylus is able to move horizontally and vertically but not be removed from the underside of the display. The benefit of the Etch A Sketch is that you are able to release your hands from the toy as often as needed with the ability to pick back up exactly where you stopped. This action mimics the motion of drawing with a paintbrush or pencil. Another benefit of the Etch A Sketch is that your hands will remain clean throughout the drawing process.


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Background: Unprecedented, one-pot regioselective synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles through azidealdehyde (3+2) organo-click cycloaddition under metal and solvent-free conditions, is described.
Objective: Solvent and metal free synthesis of biologically and industrially important triazoles.
Methods: Efficient and high yielding synthesis of products avoiding the tedious high solvent workups and chromatographic
separations. The synthesis doesn't involve the routine acetylenes which are very costly but instead cheaper starting
materials like aldehydes and organic azides are used.
Results: Green protocol based on the catalysis through Ionic Liquids which simultaneously act as solvents. The products
are obtained in good to excellent yields in hassle free synthesis.
Conclusion: Efficient and green synthesis of structurally and biologically important triazoles.


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ASL Literature and Art
This section is a collection of ASL storytelling, poetry, works of art, and other creative works. It also consists of posts on literary aspects of ASL.
Speech language can convey sound effects in storytelling, whereas sign language can convey cinematic effects in storytelling.
Poetry in sign language has its own poetic features such as rhymes, rhythms, meters, and other features that charactierize poetry which is not limited to speech.
Explore ASL literary arts in this section including some visual-linguistic literary works in ASL and discussion.
Selected works of interest
Deconstruct W.O.R.D.: an original poetry performance.
Knowing Fish: poetic narrative video.
Compare three versions of the poem "Spring Dawn" originally written by Meng Hao-jan. The poem is translated by the literary artist Jolanta Lapiak into ASL in video and unique one-of-a-kind photograph print. Watch how ASL rhymes arise in this signed poem.


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Part of the book: Infrastructure Design, Signalling and Security in Railway
This paper deals with the relation between European immigration and tourism industry in Atacama Desert. The period studied ranges from 1880 to 1930, coinciding with the greatest boom of the nitrate industry in Chile until the great nitrate crisis and world depression. Europeans arrived in Antofagasta Region between 1895 and 1920, developing different productive activities related to the nitrate exploitation and business, mainly by British, German, and Yugoslavian immigrants, and to a lesser extent by Spanish and Italians. The lodging industry, from hotels to boarding houses, grew tremendously owing to constant migration flows, both European and Latin American. As recreation sites were discovered on the coast, along with unexplored spaces in the hinterland, the possibility of a tourist landscape emerged and sustained by various European photo studios. The publicity of these recreation places was accompanied by gastronomy data and transportation by sea and earth, through different business guides issued since 1894.
Part of the book: Tourism
Climatic conditions modeling the landscape of the Chilean northern region are examined, along with how they could model different strategies to be inhabited by various demographic contingents in time. These experiences have persisted in the different geographic spaces of Atacama Desert, from the Andes at an elevation higher than 2000 m.a.s.l., going through the intermediate depression between 2000 and 500 m.a.s.l., to the coastline panorama. In the various shades of the desert climate and the experiences of several populations, life styles and spatial conceptions were posed in terms of their cosmic dimension from a deterministic view and pragmatic apprehension to a contemplation-like view. These conceptions between man and the landscape have assumed different relations of technology use, natural and energy resources, and a constructive-architectonic design in Atacama Desert, which have remained as monuments in the Chilean southern space.
Part of the book: Landscape Architecture


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New sensors to monitor storm surge on bridges
A University of Florida team is starting to gather real-time data on the impact of waves and rising water on bridges during hurricanes. Unlike studies that rely on tests in wave laboratories, this research will use data transmitted directly from bridges during actual storms. With support from the National Science Foundation, civil engineering Professor Jennifer Bridge and her students are investigating how best to provide early warning to communities when a bridge is in danger of failing due to storm damage.
Provided by National Science Foundation
More Science Nation videos


text: Although the scholarship on social capital and immigrant economic incorporation has sufficiently documented how immigrants mobilize social capital in their search for employment which often leads to the formation of immigrant niches, how social capital is processed after immigrants acquire employment and its significance for the preservation of immigrant employment niches is less well explored. This paper addresses this gap in the literature with a case study of immigrant Punjabi taxi drivers in the New York metropolitan area. In particular, this study shows how a group of immigrant Punjabi taxi drivers mobilized social capital via embeddedness in co-ethnic social networks and improved their working conditions – a process that must be considered in explanations of the Punjabi niche in the taxi industry for more than two decades. The study has implications for the relationship between social capital and the structure of the workplace or industry where immigrants are incorporated and its subsequent impact on immigrant economic trajectories. Further, this study contributes to the debate on the usefulness of ethnic communities for the adaptation of immigrant groups. Additionally, this research is relevant to the scholarship on the economic adaptation of South Asian (a subset of Asian Americans) immigrants, an understudied immigrant group in the United States.


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Digitized film images originating from a datacine conversion process are high-resolution scans that preserve much of a film's resolution and colour depth. In Flame, a lookup table (LUT) is the primary colour management tool available to deal with different colour spaces. A LUT is an ASCII file used to map pixels or pixel components from one colour to another. To display logarithmic film scans properly, such as Cineon files in the linear colour space native to Flame, you can work with monitor, display, and image conversion LUTs. You can use one of two kinds of LUTs: 1D LUTs and 3D LUTs.
Digital film scans often consist of logarithmic data rather than linear data. Linear data maps the luma range in equal intervals from black to white. Logarithmic data allows for more subtlety in the lower luma ranges of an image. In Flame, you can work with either logarithmic or linear data.
When you want to work with linear data, you can use an image conversion LUT on input to convert the logarithmic data to linear data. Since Flame assumes that input data is linear, it behaves more predictably when you work with linear data than when you work with logarithmic data.
When you want to preserve the image data contained in logarithmic film scans and do not want to apply an image conversion LUT, you can work directly with logarithmic clips. Working with logarithmic clips prevents any data loss that could occur during the image conversion process. When you work with logarithmic clips, however, apply a LUT for display purposes. Display LUTs affect transient data only — no data conversion is committed to the clip.
You can also change the display of an image you are working with to create a more plausible image display result. This allows you to display a video, logarithmic, or linear image in a context that is the same or similar to its final result.


Quick Answer: What Is The Difference Between Dnar And DNR?
How do I choose a DNR?
This can only be done with your consent.
Why do doctors push DNR?
In some cases, as with your grandad, doctors may decide that there should be no attempt to resuscitate a person if they have a cardiac arrest or stop breathing. This is called a DNACPR (do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation) order, often shortened to a DNR or DNAR.
Does DNR mean do not treat?
DNR stands for Do Not Revive or Do Not Resuscitate If patients have DNR orders completed, they are likely to have a better quality of life/quality of death than if they do not complete a medical order like this."
Is a DNR the same as a living will?
Is DNR a good idea?
A DNR could cost you your life. Having a DNR means that if your heart stops or you can't breathe, medical staff will let you die naturally, instead of rushing to give you cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Correctly interpreted, a DNR bars just that one procedure — resuscitation.
Why would someone have a DNR?
A do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order can also be part of an advance directive. Hospital staff try to help any patient whose heart has stopped or who has stopped breathing. They do this with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). A DNR is a request not to have CPR if your heart stops or if you stop breathing.
What are the 3 types of advance directives?
Types of Advance DirectivesThe living will. … Durable power of attorney for health care/Medical power of attorney. … POLST (Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment) … Do not resuscitate (DNR) orders. … Organ and tissue donation.
What's a DNR in GREY's anatomy?
do not resuscitate orderPrior to the surgery and fully aware of her dismal prognosis, this character had signed a "do not resuscitate order," or DNR, the medicolegal document that makes known a patient's wish not to undergo resuscitation in the event of cardiopulmonary arrest.
What does Dnar mean?
What is a DNAR form? A Do Not Attempt Resuscitation form is a document issued and signed by a doctor, which tells your medical team not to attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
What is another name for DNR?
Why would a doctor ask about DNR?
DNR notices are used to stop patients suffering needlessly when their lives are only likely to be extended for a short period. Medical experts say 15 per cent of patients at most are brought back to life, and some suffer permanent brain damage.
Can you intubate a DNR patient?
DNR means that no CPR (chest compressions, cardiac drugs, or placement of a breathing tube) will be performed. A DNI or "Do Not Intubate" order means that chest compressions and cardiac drugs may be used, but no breathing tube will be placed.
Does DNR mean no IV fluids?
What Doesn't DNR Mean? A Do Not Resuscitate order does not mean "do not treat" if a condition arises where treatments such as antibiotics, oxygen or IV fluids would be beneficial.
How do you explain DNR to patients?
Are there different levels of DNR?
Level 2: Stay in the facility and receive all medications and treatments possible within the facility. Level 3: Be transferred to a hospital from a nursing facility but not given CPR or taken to intensive care. Level 4: Be taken to a hospital and given all possible medical interventions.
Can a healthy person have a DNR?
Because it is a real-time medical order, a DNR would typically not be in place for a healthy person who would likely wish to be resuscitated.
Does DNR mean no oxygen?
A DNR order does not mean that no medical assistance will be given. For example, emergency care and other health care providers may continue to administer oxygen therapy, control bleeding, position for comfort, and provide pain medication and emotional support.
Why is DNR bad?
Poor records Furthermore because the healthcare professional who issues the DNR order may be reluctant to formally record it in the patient's record, it may be passed on verbally to staff and relatives may never even know that CPR was not attempted on their loved one.


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Masaaki Tanaka, Akira Ishii, Emi Yamano, Hiroki Ogikubo, Masatsugu Okazaki, Kazuro Kamimura, Yasuharu Konishi, Shigeru Emoto, Yasuyoshi Watanabe
Med Sci Monit 2012; 18(12): CR706-711
Available online: 2012-12-01
Background: A depressive state is a common symptom in the elderly and often accompanies cognitive impairment. The coexistence of depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment is a serious problem, as it increases adverse outcomes for health, functional status, and mortality. It would thus be of great value to clarify the cognitive dysfunction associated with depressive symptoms. We aimed to identify the cognitive dysfunction, in particular, impairment of the response inhibition component of executive function, associated with depressive symptoms in elderly females using the Simple Color Reaction Test and Modified Stroop Color-Word Test.
Material/Methods: The study group consisted of 35 elderly women. They performed cognitive function task trials for 9 min. Univariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with the prevalence of the depressive state.
Results: Longer reaction time and lower correction rate of response inhibition trials were related to the prevalence of the depressive symptoms.
Conclusions: Impaired function of response inhibition may be a specific feature of the depressive state. Our findings may help clarify the neural mechanisms underlying the depressive state of elderly females.
Keywords: Japan - epidemiology, Depression - physiopathology, Cognition Disorders - physiopathology, Logistic Models, Prevalence


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I am trying to understand what is the difference between TCP Half Open Connection and TCP Half closed connection can any one tell what exactly are they?
When TCP establishes a connection, it is considered guaranteed since there is a handshake that takes place:
At that point the connection is established, and data begins to flow. In contrast, a UDP packet is not guaranteed, and is just sent in the hopes it gets there.
Officially, according to the RFC's, a half-open TCP connection is when one side of the established connection has crashed, and did not send notification that the connection was ending. This is not the common usage today.
Unofficially, if can refer to an embryonic connection, which is a connection in the process of being established.
Half-closed is the opposite of that unofficial definition. It is a state somewhere in the middle where the computers are tearing down the established connection.