text:
Fascination on Poinsettia
During the production of potted plants, various growth-regulating chemicals are used to manage plant height. Fascination (cytokinin/gibberellic acid, Valent USA Corp.) is a product that can be used to increase stem elongation on a wide range of crops and to prevent lower leaf yellowing during the production of lilies. The active ingredients in Fascination are gibberellins (A4+A7) and cytokinins, both of which are natural plant hormones.
Fascination can be used by poinsettia growers to increase plant height and bract size. This tool is especially useful to overcome stunted growth following an excessive application of a plant growth retarding chemical. For example, Bonzi (paclobutrazol, Syngenta Professional Products) is often used as a drench during poinsettia production to reduce unwanted stem elongation late in the crop. If Bonzi (or another growth-retarding chemical) is applied too early in the crop schedule, or at an excessive rate, bract size can be reduced.
For the past two years, we have conducted trials to determine the best application rate and timing to apply Fascination during poinsettia production. We also evaluated if Fascination could be used to increase bract size. This article presents research-based information on how to use Fascination on poinsettias treated with or without an early Bonzi drench. Results were similar in both years, so data from the second year are presented for simplicity.
'Freedom Red' poinsettia plants were delivered from Henry Mast Greenhouses, Byron Center, Mich., to Michigan State University (MSU) floriculture research greenhouses in September 2004. Plants were grown in 6-inch-round plastic containers filled with a commercial soilless medium (Suremix; Michigan Grower Products, Inc.) and were pinched to the sixth node from the soil level at Henry Mast Greenhouses. At MSU, plants were grown in a glass-glazed greenhouse with a constant temperature setpoint of 68¡ F. The photoperiod was maintained at nine hours throughout the experiment by pulling opaque black cloth from 5 p.m. to 8 a.m. We performed two experiments to determine the effects of Fascination on poinsettias with and without a Bonzi drench application. In both experiments, a single foliar spray of Fascination (2 quarts per 100 sq.ft.) was made on varying dates for ç each treatment. A surfactant (Capsil, The Scotts Company LLC) was included in all spray applications at a rate of 16 oz. per 100 gal.
In our first experiment, Fascination was applied on one of five application dates (from 10 days before first color to 30 days after first color) and at 3 or 6 ppm, according to the experimental protocol (see Figure 1, page 66). In the second experiment, plants received a drench application of Bonzi at 2 ppm at bract color (October 14). The drench rate was high, and the timing was late in the crop cycle to intentionally elicit a decrease in bract size. For comparison, some plants were not treated with Bonzi and are referred to as "control, without Bonzi drench." Following the Bonzi drench, Fascination was applied at one of three application times (10-30 days after bract color) and at 3, 5 or 10 ppm, according to the experimental protocol (see Figure 2, page 66). There were 10 plants in each treatment.
For each treatment, plant height was measured on the day preceding the Fascination application and seven days after the application. Plant height was measured for each plant from the base of the pot to the apex of the shoot. Plant height measurements of the control treatment were taken on Oct. 14 and Nov. 20, 2004 (37 days apart).
At anthesis, the three largest branches were removed from each plant, and the five largest bracts per branch were detached (15 bracts per plant). The area of each bract was measured using a leaf area meter, and the total surface area of the selected bracts was calculated for each plant.
Increasing plant height. In both experiments, the timing of the Fascination application influenced the magnitude of stem elongation of 'Freedom Red'. Fascination applied 10 days after bract color or 10 days after a Bonzi drench resulted in the largest height increase. For example, Fascination applied 10 days following the Bonzi drench increased the average plant height by 1.7, 1.4 and 2.2 inches when used at 3, 5 and 10 ppm, respectively (see Figure 3, page 68). Fascination applied 20 days after a Bonzi drench had a smaller promotion of stem extension (less than 0.9 inches), and an application 30 days after a Bonzi drench had little or no effect on increasing plant height. Higher application rates of Fascination generally produced a similar or greater increase in stem elongation compared to lower rates.
Increasing bract area. The timing of the Fascination application influenced the final bract size of poinsettia in our study. A single application of Fascination 20-30 days after bract color or after a Bonzi drench resulted in the largest bract area. For example, in our first experiment, Fascination applied 30 days after bract color at a rate of 6 ppm increased bract area by about 15 percent compared to nontreated plants (see Figure 4A, left). Fascination applied at first bract color at rates of 3 or 6 ppm had the smallest effect on final bract area.
In our second experiment, the application of Fascination 20 days after a Bonzi drench increased bract area by 29 percent compared to control plants treated with the Bonzi drench alone (see Figure 5A, page 70). There was not a significant difference in bract area between plants treated 20 days after a Bonzi drench and control plants that did not receive a Bonzi application (see Figure 6, page 71). Bract size was similar or slightly larger at higher ç Fascination application rates compared to lower rates.
Increasing bract size relative to plant height. An objective of a Fascination application, with or without a Bonzi drench, is to increase bract size with little or no increase in plant height. Therefore, we calculated the ratio of bract area to height increase for each plant. A high ratio indicates a greater increase in bract size relative to the increase in plant height (usually desirable). A low ratio indicates a greater effect on plant height relative to bract size (usually undesirable).
The timing of the Fascination application influenced the ratio of bract area to height increase. In both experiments, the largest ratio (most desirable) occurred when Fascination was applied 30 days after bract color at 3 or 6 ppm (see Figures 4B and 5B, pages 69 and 70). An earlier application (10 days after bract color) had a smaller effect on bract size relative to the increase in plant height.
Our results indicate that Fascination can be used by poinsettia growers to increase plant height and promote bract expansion, especially on plants that have reduced bract size from an excessive or late growth retardant application. When warranted, we suggest applying Fascination as a spray at a rate of 3-5 ppm using a volume of 2 quarts per 100 sq.ft.
The amount of stem elongation and bract expansion from a Fascination spray depended on the time of application. If an increase in plant height is desired, then Fascination could be used before or soon after first color. During this time, a single spray application at 3-5 ppm increased plant height by 1-2 inches. A later application (20 or 30 days after bract color) produced little or no increase in plant height.
If an increase in bract size is desired, our results indicate that the best time to apply Fascination is 20-30 days after bract color. This late application will also have a smaller effect on increasing plant height. In addition, we noticed that late applications of Fascination made bract surfaces appear smoother and reduced bract crinkling. We did not observe any effect on bract color, although growers have reported that Fascination can slightly lighten the bract color.
In some cases, a second Fascination spray may be required to achieve the desired elongation effects. We suggest waiting at least 10 days between spray applications. Frequent applications and high rates can produce an undesirable spacing between the bracts. As with all plant growth regulators, we encourage growers to perform their own trials on a small scale to determine desirable rates for their growing conditions and for each poinsettia variety.
Matthew Blanchard is a graduate assistant, Mike Olrich is a greenhouse technician and Erik Runkle is an assistant professor and floriculture extension specialist in the Department of Horticulture at Michigan State University, East Lansing, Mich. Runkle can be reached by phone at _PHONE_ or E-mail at _EMAIL_.


text:
Fish Identification - Yellow Eyed Mullet (Herring)
"Herring" means the yellow-eyed mullet (Aldrichetta forsteri); but does not include the pilchard or sardine, or the species of mullet known as Mugil cephalus or kanae:
|Net mesh size|
|Size Limits (Length)|
Approved methods may be used vicinity of Mimiwhangata Peninsula -
|Daily Bag Limits|
(a) Lines, if only 1 hook attached to it and the line is not weighted in any way:
(e) Potting, if only 1 pot per person, part, or vessel is used in the area.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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autosp - preprocessor to generate note-spacing commands for MusiXTeX scores
autosp [-v | --version | -h | --help]
autosp [-d | --dotted] [-l | --log] infile[.aspc] [outfile[.tex]]
This program makes it easier to create MusiXTeX scores by converting (non-standard) commands of the form \anotes... \en into one or more conventional note-spacing commands (\notes \Notes \NOtes...), determined by the actual note values, with \sk spacing commands inserted as necessary. The coding for an entire measure can be entered one part at a time, without concern for note-spacing changes within the part or spacing requirements of other parts.
For example, if applied to
 \anotes\qa J\qa K&\ca l\qa m\ca n\en
autosp generates
 \Notes\qa J\sk\qa K\sk&\ca l\qa m\sk\ca n\en
Typically, an \anotes command generates several conventional note-spacing commands.
If the infile argument does not have an.aspc extension, input is taken from infile.aspc if that file exists.
If the outfile argument does not have a.tex extension, output is sent to outfile.tex. If no outfile argument is provided, output will go to infile.tex (or to infile.ltx if a \documentclass declaration is encountered).
For \anotes commands, line breaks and spaces may precede note segments, allowing more flexible source formatting; the line breaks and spaces will be elided from the output.
For example,
is acceptable and generates
If the -l ( --log ) option is used, a very detailed log infile.alog is generated.
If the -d ( --dotted ) option is used, dotted beam notes of the form \qb{n}{.p} are not given extra space; it is assumed that the subsequent note will be shifted by a \roff-like command or a spacing command such as \qsk or \hqsk. Commands of the form \qlp{p}, \qlpp{p},..., \qpb{n}{p} and \qppb{n}{p} are always spaced as indicated.
If there is a single staff, consecutive whole-bar rest bars are merged into a multi-bar rest. Bar-centered rests can be coded using the standard \def\atnextbar notation but the non-standard command \Cpause in a note segment also generates a bar-centered rest.
Spacing commands \sk and \bsk in the source are discarded, but not "small" skips \hsk, \qsk, \tqsk, \hqsk or \qqsk, or the small "backward" skips \hbsk, \bqsk, \btsk, or \bhsk. Moreover, non-standard commands \QQsk, \HQsk \TQsk and \Qsk in the source generate "global" skips; i.e., the effect of \qqsk, \hqsk, \tqsk or \qsk, respectively, in every staff. These ensure that staffs remain synchronized if additional spacing is needed in any staff(s).
Global skips may also be obtained within collective-coding sequences by using up to four successive commas to get the effects of \QQsk, \HQsk, \TQsk or \Qsk, respectively. Global skips \tqsk (or, for double-flats, \qsk) are automatically inserted before accidentals ('^', '_', '=', '<', '>') on collective-coding notes (except when the preceding note is "virtual"; i.e., a skip). If this automatic additional spacing is not wanted in some context, it may be avoided by replacing the accidental in the collective-coding sequence by any of the explicit accidental commands: \sh, \fl, \na, \smallsh, \bigsh, etc. If the automatic spacing is insufficient, the spacing may be increased by adding sufficient commas or using a conventional notes command instead of \anotes.
A note segment can be completely empty, but if a note segment should start with or contain a "space," the note-value of that space must be made explicit with a command of the form \ha{*}, \qa{.*}, \qa{*}, \ca{*}, etc.
From version 2017-06-14, the effects of \TransformNotes calls are implemented by the autosp pre-processor. This enables use of musixlyr in autosp scores; musixlyr.tex is incompatible with the musixtnt.tex implementation of \TransformNotes.
All other conventional MusiXTeX commands are output exactly as given in the input.
autosp determines the spacing for ordinary notes from the note commands themselves; for example,
\qa, \qu, \ql, \qp result in \NOtes;
\ca, \cu, \cl, \ds result in \Notes;
and so on.
The spacing for beamed notes is determined by the beam multiplicity, so that \ib... results in \Notes, \ibb... results in \notes, etc.
Collective coding of note sequences (including accidentals and dots) is handled by expanding the sequence into a sequence of individual note commands.
autosp scales notes by the relevant instrument-size value.
autosp assumes that & and | (rather than \nextinstrument and \nextstaff) are used to separate instruments and staffs.
Appoggiaturas and grace notes are recognized by the use of \tinynotesize; note-spacing of 1.45\elemskip is used. If this isn't suitable and can't be corrected with a small skip, a \vnotes command with any desired spacing can be used.
autosp supports x-tuplets introduced using \xtuplet{x} or \xxtuplet{x:y} and triplets introduced using any of the following commands (regardless of any re-definition of \txt or \tuplettxt):
autosp assumes that an x-tuplet is to be played in (x-1)/x of the apparent x-tuplet duration. So, for example, a triplet in eighths is assumed to be played in the time of one quarter note. If this assumption isn't valid, the x-tuplet must be coded explicitly using a suitable \vnotes command; see the first measure of barsant2.aspc for an example of a non-standard x-tuplet: a 5-tuple of 64th notes with an intended duration of six 64ths.
In some polyrhythmic scores, the \txt numeral may be displaced, even if the notes themselves are correctly spaced. In these cases, it is possible to suppress the normal output of \txt by using the non-standard commands \Triolet (no arguments) or \Xtuplet{k}\ and placing a numeral at the correct location using \zcn (i.e., \zcharnote).
autosp can deal with simultaneous x-tuplets in multiple staffs provided the x values and total note durations are identical.
In some baroque scores, particularly by J.S. Bach, a beamed sixteenth note is vertically aligned with the third note of a triplet of eighth notes in another staff (implying that they should be sounded simultaneously); e.g.,
would be played as if notated
 \uptrio{b}10\ql L\hroff{\cl L}
The following coding will align the beamed sixteenth note with the third note of a triplet in another staff:
and, similarly, for triplets of sixteenth notes:
Generally, user-defined macros are not processed or expanded; however, definitions of the form
 \def\atnextbar{\znotes... \en}
generate definitions that do take account of \TransformNotes.
All staffs are assumed to have the same meter; see kinder2.aspc for an example of how to work around this.
autosp may not be effective for music with more than one voice in a single staff. It might be advisable to use a separate staff for each voice, to avoid \anotes when necessary, or to omit certain voices initially and add them into the resulting TeX file.
See files quod2.aspc, kinder2.aspc, geminiani.aspc and barsant2.aspc for scores suitable for input to autosp. The program tex2aspc can be used to convert "legacy" MusiXTeX scores to.aspc format.
msxlint(1) tex2aspc(1)
This program and manual page were written by Bob Tennent <>.


Brno - Freedom Square
This is probably the most important square in Brno and is the imaginary center of the city. In the past, it was known as Lower Market or the Great Square. It has a roughly triangular layout and was first mentioned in the 13th century. Even in the Middle Ages, this was considered "uptown", where rich burghers and noblemen built their stately homes.
The last major reconstruction of the entire area took place in 2006.
Brno - pocket guide with maps
Brno on the map
Mary. Freedom Square


text:
Most Active Stories
KRWG.ORG-The Region's Home Page
Tue December 16, 2008
Water Resources Conference
By KRWG News
Las Cruces – New Mexico State University is looking beyond the border to find
answers to one of the scarcest resources of the arid Southwest - water.
In January.experts from around the United States, Mexico and Israel will discuss similarities and problems of the Rio Grande and Jordan River basins.
The Rio Grande provides water for Colorado, New Mexico, Texas and Mexico.
The Jordan River supplies water in Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, Jordan and Syria.
The Rio Grande water shed is regulated by two different treaties
between the U.S. and Mexico.The Jordan River is also regulated by
treaties - peace treaties between adjacent countries after the 1967 Six Day War.
16 experts will speak.including Jean Parcher from the U.S. Geological Survey Mid-Continent Geographic Science Center in Austin, Texas.
Parcher has done research on transboundary geographic issues with an emphasis on the U.S.-Mexico border region.
The conference takes place on January 22 and 23 at NMSU.


text: Climate change and socioeconomic factors have increased the complexity of urban water supply systems. Thus, fresh water sources are being gradually diversified to improve the reliability and resilience of the systems. However, as the number of source blending options grows, optimization tools are needed to design drinking water supply systems that comply with indicators of cost, resilience, and water quality. This paper proposes a pioneering methodological approach, based on an ant-colony-optimization (ACO) algorithm, to optimize the blending of drinking water from different sources to minimize operational costs of a given system originating from a number of impaired water sources while complying with water quality standards. To evidence the potential of the ACO algorithm to solve such a system, a virtual case study was designed that considers eight fresh water sources, including seawater desalination and potable reuse. Seven scenarios were developed with different weightings to service outage, water conveyance and treatment costs while complying with water quality goals in regard to total organic carbon, nitrates, and total dissolved solids. It was shown that the cost per volumetric unit of water can vary considerably depending on the weightings of the three cost items. This paper provides a rigorous scientific approach to propose a methodology supporting the decision-making process of selecting a mixture of different sources to achieve the overall lowest system cost. Hence, this work contributes to improving the resilience and sustainability of urban water supplies.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Use the Arduino Motor Shield when you need your Arduino to MOVE STUFF!
Looking to drive some gear motors with your Arduino? It's a thinker, not a doer, so it needs some muscle to make motors move. That's where the official Arduino Motor Shield v3.0 comes into play!
The Arduino Motor Shield must be powered by an external power supply from either an AC-to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or a battery to the Shield's screw down terminals (Vin & GND) or at the Arduino's 2.1mm power jack. To avoid possible damage to the Arduino board on which the shield is mounted, we recommend using an external power supply that provides a voltage between 7 and 12V. If your motor requires more than 9V we recommend that you separate the power lines of the shield and the Arduino board on which the shield is mounted. This is possible by cutting the "Vin Connect" jumper placed on the back side of the shield. The absolute limit for the Vin at the screw terminals is 18V.
You can drive two Brushed DC motors by connecting the two wires of each one in the (+) and (-) screw terminals for each channel A and B. In this way you can control its direction by setting HIGH or LOW the DIR A and DIR B pins, you can control the speed by varying the PWM A and PWM B duty cycle values. The Brake A and Brake B pins, if set HIGH, will effectively brake the DC motors rather than let them slow down by cutting the power. You can measure the current going through the DC motor by reading the SNS0 and SNS1 pins. On each channel will be a voltage proportional to the measured current, which can be read as a normal analog input, through the function analogRead() on the analog input A0 and A1. For your convenience it is calibrated to be 3.3V when the channel is delivering its maximum possible current, that is 2A. There are also Freewheeling and Brake functions available for this shield.


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Thank you to everyone who made our State Finals tournament a success!
State Finals 2017 Scores
Good luck at World Finals!
What is Odyssey of the Mind?
Odyssey of the Mind is an international creative problem-solving program for K-12 and college students. Pennsylvania has a long, successful history with the program since 1979. Odyssey of the Mind provides students the opportunity to learn to express themselves creatively, while developing life-long problem-solving skills. Students learn the value of brainstorming and teamwork, as they grow their self-confidence and appreciation for the ideas and strengths of others while in an encouraging team-focused atmosphere. Their unforgettable experiences as an Odyssey team build their skills to succeed in their personal lives and future careers.


text:
Generic service component development for SPICE environment
MetadataShow full item record
This master thesis provides a study of the initial generic component model developed within the Service Platform for Innovative Communication Environment (SPICE) project and gives some examples of service components focusing on enabling components. An evaluation of the metadata describing these components is given along with the description of a roaming service functionality. This thesis defines the term enabling service, which is a service used by another service in order to provide parts of the service functionality. Enabling services can be Instant Messaging enablers, location enablers and service discovery facilities. Proper metadata descriptions of these components are important in order to provide efficient discovery. Service roaming can also be seen as an enabling service providing the means for a user to change domains while still maintaining a service offer. This can be realised by a roaming agent who communicates with entities in both the home domain and the visited domain. In collaboration with two other students a testbed implementing a service for demonstration realising the SPICE E-Tourism scenario has been set up. The specification, implementation and testing of the service is included in this thesis focusing on the enabling services and the component support. Finally a discussion of the implemented system is given to evaluate the development methodology for the SPICE service components and to highlight possible improvements.


text:
Momentum depends on mass and velocity
Teaching Guidance for 14-16
Both mass and velocity
Wrong Track: This ball has the larger mass, so it'll have the larger momentum.
Right Lines: Momentum, a quantity that's a good measure of the motion of a body, depends on mass and on velocity. To work out which has the larger momentum you have to pay attention to both the mass and the velocity: →p = m × →v.
A focus on compensation
Thinking about the learning
Students often fix on only one factor, when they should consider both factors that contribute to a physical quantity. They select either mass or velocity, and they fail to combine the two quantities into the compound quantity that is momentum. So their comparisons are often in error.
Thinking about the teaching
The key relationship is: →p = m × →v.
That this kind of pattern (A = B × C) turns up so often, and so often causes troubles is one reason for focusing on the issue of compensation throughout the SPT materials. Because it's an often used pattern, and because students are known to have difficulty with it (through selecting just one of the factors) we'd suggest foregrounding it as a pattern, so that students give it due prominence.


Figure 3.
Distributions of evolutionary rate difference of protein pairs within the age-homogeneous motifs and the other motifs. The probability (y-axis) is calculated as the percentage of protein pairs whose evolutionary rate difference falls in a special interval that x-axis shows. (A) 3-motif. Average evolutionary rate difference is 5.8 × 10-2 for 3-motifs whose constituents are of the same age class and 7.9 × 10-2 for the other 3-motifs. Rank sum test, P <10-4. (B) 4-motif. The average evolutionary rate difference is 6.0 × 10-2 and 8.0 × 10-2 for the two 4-motif classes. Rank sum test, P <10-4. The common protein pairs of the two motif classes are removed in the analyses. The results are based on the PIN of DIP_YEAST_CORE.
Liu et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:133 doi:10.1186/_PHONE_-133
Download authors' original image


[DRAFT] PDD 16: Native Call Interface (NCI)
This PDD describes the native call interface, and the function signatures used to describe those functions.
The NCI is designed to allow Parrot to interface to most of the functions in a C library without having to write any C code for that interface. It isn't designed to be a universal C-less interface--there will always be libraries that have some bizarre parameter list that requires that some C be written. It should, however, handle all the simple cases.
Using the NCI, Parrot automatically wraps the C functions and presents them as prototyped subroutines that follow normal Parrot calling conventions, and can be called like any other Parrot subroutine.
The NCI uses the platform native dynamic by-name function loading mechanism (dlopen/dlsym on unix and LoadLibrary/GetProcAddress on Win32, for example) to get the function pointer, then dynamically generates the wrapper based on the signature of that function.
As there is no good platform-independent way to determine function signatures (C header files are not always available (certainly not for libraries not designed for access from C) and not always reasonably parseable anyway, and there is no generic way to query a function for its signature) the signature must be passed in when the linkage between the C function and Parrot is made.
Function signatures
The following list are the valid symbols in the function signatures for Parrot's NCI. Note that only letters and numbers are valid, and each symbol represents a single parameter passed into the NCI. Note that the symbols are case-sensitive, and must be within the base 7-bit ASCII character set.
At some point punctuation may be used as modifiers on the function parameters, in which case each parameter may be represented by multiple symbols.
In no case should the signature symbols be separated by whitespace. This restriction may be lifted in the future, but for now remains as an avenue for adding additional functionality.
Void. As a return type it indicates that there is no return type.Not valid as a parameter type.
Char. This is an integer type, taken from (or put into) an I register. NOTE: it might be signed or unsigned because that is how an unadorned C 'char' works.
short. An integer type, taken from or put into an I register. It is always signed, not unsigned.
int. An integer type. It is always signed, not unsigned.
long. An integer type. You know the drill. It is always signed, not unsigned.
float. F register denizen.
double. F register, double-precision floating point type
A PMC register.
PMC object. A generic pointer, taken from a PMC by using its get_pointer vtable function, or NULL for a PMCNULL. If this is a return type and the value is NULL, PMCNULL is returned, otherwise Parrot will create a new UnManagedStruct PMC type, which is just a generic "pointer to something" PMC type which Parrot does no management of.
This parameter is used for passing user data to a callback creation. More explanation in the callbacks section.
Note that not all types are valid as return types.
Deprecated Symbols
The following symbols have been deprecated:
A pointer to a short, taken from an P register of an int-like PMC.
A pointer to an int, taken from an P register of an int-like PMC.
A pointer to a long, taken from an P register of an int-like PMC.
string pointer.
Example NCI call
This section describes the simplest example for NCI possible. To every NCI invocation, there are two parts: the native function to be invoked, and the PIR code to do the invocation.
First the native function, to be written in C. On Windows, it is necessary to do a DLL export specification of the NCI function:
 /* foo.c */
 /* specify the function prototype */
 _TAG_ __WIN32
 __declspec(dllexport) void foo(void);
 void foo(void);
 void foo(void) {
 printf("Hello Parrot!\n");
Then, after having compiled the file as a shared library, the PIR code looks like this:
 .sub main :main
 .local pmc lib, func
 # load the shared library
 lib = loadlib "hello" # no extension,.so or.dll is assumed
 # get a reference to the function from the library just
 # loaded, called "foo", and signature "void" (and no arguments)
 func = dlfunc lib, "foo", "v"
 # invoke
Some libraries, particularly ones implementing more complex functionality such as databases or GUIs, want callbacks, that is ways to call a function under the control of the library rather than under control of the interpreter. These functions must be C functions, and generally are passed parameters to indicate what should be done.
Unfortunately there's no good way to generically describe all possible callback parameter sets, so in some cases hand-written C will be necessary. However, many callback functions share a common signature, and Parrot provides some ready-made functions for this purpose that should serve for most of the callback uses.
There are two callback functions, Parrot_callback_C and Parrot_callback_D, which differ if the passed in user_data is second or first respectively:
 void (function *)(void *library_data, void *user_data);
 void (function *)(void *user_data, void *library_data);
The information library_data is normally coming from C code and can be any C type that Parrot supports as NCI value.
The position of the user_data is specified with the U function signature, when creating the callback PMC:
 cb_PMC = new_callback cb_Sub, user_data, "SU"
Given a Parrot function cb_Sub, and a user_data PMC, this creates a callback PMC cb_PMC, which expects the user data as the second argument. The information returned by the callback (library_data) is a C string.
Since parrot needs more than just a pointer to a generic function to figure out what to do, it stuffs all the extra information into the user_data pointer, which contains a custom PMC holding all the information that Parrot needs. This also implies that the C function that installs the callback, must not make any assumptions on the user_data argument. This argument must be handled transparently by the C code.
The callback function takes care of wrapping the external data pointer into an UnManagedStruct PMC, the same as if it were a p return type of a normal NCI function.
The signature of the parrot subroutine which is called by the callback should be:
 void parrotsub(PMC user_data, external_data)
The sequence for this is:
Step 1
Create a callback function.
 new_callback CB_PMC, CB_SUB, USER_DATA, "signature"
Step 2
Register the callback
 dlfunc C_FUNCTION, "function_name", "signature"
When the callback function is invoked by the external library, the function itself should look like:
 .sub _my_callback
 .param pmc my_data
 .param pmc library_data # type depends on signature
 # Do something with the passed in data
Parrot itself handles all the nasty bits involved in collecting up the interpreter pointer, creating the wrapping PMCs, stuffing data various places, and generally dealing with the bookkeeping.
Example Callback
This section contains an example to register a callback function and have it call back into Parrot.
 .sub main
 # set up callback
 .local pmc sub, userdata
 sub = get_global "foo_callback" # get the sub to act as a callback sub
 userdata = new 'Integer' # set up some userdata
 userdata = 42
 .local pmc callback_sub
 callback_sub = new_callback sub, userdata, "vSU"
 # set up NCI
 .local pmc lib, fun
 lib = loadlib "hello"
 fun = dlfunc lib, "sayhello", "vpP"
 # do the NCI call, foo_callback is invoked from C
 fun(callback_sub, userdata)
 .sub foo_callback
 .param pmc result
 .param pmc udata
 print "Foo callback\n"
The C code contains the function to be invoked through NCI. In the function sayhello a function call is done to a Parrot subroutine. The sayhello function gets a reference to this callback function, so its signature needs to be known.
 _TAG_
 _TAG_
 /* declare the function signature of the Parrot sub that will be invoked */
 typedef void (*callbackfun)(const char*, void*);
 _TAG_ __WIN32
 __declspec(dllexport) void sayhello(callbackfun cb, void *userdata);
 void sayhello(callbackfun cb, void *userdata);
 void sayhello(callbackfun cb, void* userdata) {
 const char *result = "succeeded";
 /* invoke the callback synchronously */
 cb(result, userdata);
The file containing this C code should be compiled as a shared library (specifying the include directory so parrot/parrot.h can be found.)
See Also
t/pmc/nci.t, src/nci_test.c


text:
Students in Ms. Kate's Visual Art class created a mural of Marin County, which they worked on over several weeks during the fall semester of the after-school program. Over 60 students from grades K-5 collaborated on the mural, which reflects their community, the environment around them, and the landscape and people they interact with daily.
The mural is on display in the school library shared by Bayside Elementary and Willow Creek Academy. What do you think about the mural? Please leave us a comment.
Student's also created sculptures using tree branches, recycled materials, and craft items. They were asked to create a place of safety or a "safe space." Many of the students built fences and tree houses to represent their space.


text:
Family History and Research
About the Name and Coat of Arms
Other versions of the crest are found in various references. At St. John's Parish Church on Jersey, there is a wood carving of it and several other prominent Jersey fief surnames. One branch of the family (associated with La Maison du Mont Protre may have abandoned or never used the spur. It apears to display roses. A postage stamp published by the Jersey Post also displays the roses as the Poingdestre crest wthout the fist and spur.
The Poingdestre Family Coat of Arms can trace its roots back to ancient times where it was probably carried onto the battlefield with honor and chivalry to defend family, allies, King and country. The coat of arms of the Poingdestre Family of the Isle of Jersey, from which many of the Poindexter families of America are descended, is described as follows from Burke's General Armory 1884 (2):
The Earliest "Poingdestre"
Landers (1) says "evidence indicates that the name is actually endemic to Jersey, no traces of its early use existing elsewhere on the mainland of France or England". The earliest record he cites is 1250 in the archives at St. Lô in Normandy, that mentions that Geoffrey and Raoul Poingdestre are land owners in Jersey.
However, Landers did publish over 25 years ago. Recent research by Dr. Judith Everard (3) indicates a Ppe Roll (a skin or parchment on which information was written and stored rolled up to look like a modern day pipe) reports Ricardus Poingdestre, in the Bayeux District of the Bessin in Normandy (Lower Normandy) in 1180 and in 1195. Ricardus appears on Page 5, in the book "Pipe Rolls of the Exchequer of Normandy for the Reign of Henry ll, 1180 and 1184". The pipe roll was researched by The Royal Pipe Role Society and published in 2004. Judith also reported that the surname also appears in a pipe roll during the rule of Henry l which has not yet been published.
Dr. Everard is co-author of the book "Jersey 1204-The Forging of an Island Community" (3). Eight hundred years ago, Duke John of Normandy (aka King John of England) lost the Duchy of Normandy to King Phillip of France. This event was crucial to Jersey's development to what it is today. In the years following 1204, families with lands in Normandy and Jersey were forced to abandon lands in Jersey if loyal to Phillip Augustus or in Normandy if loyal to John. Some families were able to split the lands between two sons, thus creating a split in family genealogies. This may have happened as there are Poingdestre/Poindexter's in France today (some of these however may have descended from a family that left Jersey and moved to the Cotinin Pennisula of Normandy in the 1500's. The Jersey 1204 book talks about such land divisions, but does not follow or mention the Poingdestre family.
The Name "Poingdestre"
The name Poingdestre is claimed by some authorities to have been derived from the Latin word "punge", meaning to "Spur" and the French word "destrier", meaning "a steed or Courser". Its literal meaning under this reasoning would be "Spur the Steed" and it would probably have been originally used as a nickname. It is considered more probable, however, that the name originated in the heraldic term 'point dexter' one of the nine chief local points of escutcheon or shield. The name is also frequently given the significance of "the right hand" from this last mentioned source, dexter being the heraldic term for 'right'.
From the web site "_URL_", POINDEXTER is described thus:
(origin: Fr.) The same as Hotspur, or spur the steed; point being derived from pungo, to pierce, to prick; and dexter, right, as opposed to left; a word expressive of readiness of limbs, adroitness, expertness, and skill.
Today, you will find Poingdestre's around the world, in Australia, New Zealand, England and even in America. But you find few Poindexter's outside the U.S. where our immigrant's Latinize version is used.
Poingdestre or Poindexter?
According to Landers (1), educated persons of the Renaissance would Latinize their surname to, as we would add Dr. to the begriming or our name or "PhD" at the end. Poindexter is the Latinized form of the old Jersey surname Poingdestre. Since our immigrant, George, was educated at Oxford, he probably used the Latin form in his business dealings, and somehow that is the form that stuck with us, his American descendants.
During medieval times, the name was pronounced Pon'-dest, with a Norman French accent, of course. Today, in the Isle of Jersey, it is pronounced Pon-chess-ter or Pon-des-ter, depending which branch you are asking on Jersey. While touring Jersey in 1998, the webmaster found residents of Jersey instantly recognizing and pronouncing my American spelled name as if it was spelled as it is in Jersey. One ticket taker at Gorey Castle informed me that I spelled it wrong!
The Jersey Datestones Project has an example of a marriage stone between Jean Poingdestre and Elizabeth Touzel as seen here and on the Project's web page with a more detailed description.
To add content to the PDA Web Site's Family History and Research section, contact the webmaster.


and if you Do have the subscription object, update your server database with the latest subscription object. The ready property of the service worker defines whether a service worker is ready to control the page or not.
It returns a promise which resolves to a serviceworker registration object. When the service worker becomes active, the get subscription function returns the subscription object or undefined. If it doesn't exist, we need to perform this check every time. The user accesses our app because it is possible for subscription objects to change during their lifetime. This is the process of subscribing to the push service register, the service worker from the main page main jeaious.
This request goes to the user agent. The user agent returns the service worker registration, object, use the service worker at registration, object to access the push manager API and from that requests are subscribed to the push service. This request is passed on to the push service. The push service returns. The subscription object, which includes the endpoint URL and the public key, save the subscription object data to your server and send push messages from your server to the endpoint URL encrypted with the public key.
Like I said now before sending notifications, we must subscribe to a push service. We call push manager subscribe on the service worker registration object to subscribe and the resulting push subscription object includes all the information. The application needs to send a push me such an endpoint and encryption key needed for sending data each subscription is unique to a service worker. The end point for the subscription is a unique capability.
Url knowledge of the endpoint is all that is necessary to send a message to your application. The endpoint URL therefore needs to be kept secret or other applications might be able to send push messages to your application. Here's an example of the subscription object. This is the object returned from the push service. When we call reg push manage, add subscribe. The subscription object has two parts.
The first part is an endpoint URL. The address on the push service to send messages to this includes an ID that enables the push service to send a message to the correct client and service worker. The second part of the subscription object is the keys property. The p25 6d H key is an elliptic curve, diffie-hellman ECD H public key for message. Encryption. The earth key is an authentication secret that your application server uses in authentication of its messages.
These keys are used by your application, server to encrypt and authenticate messages for the push subscription and, let's see how the process of sending a message is done. The server generates a message encrypted with the public key and then sends it to the endpoint URL in the subscription object. The URL contains the address of the push service along with subscription ID, which allows the push service to identify the client to receive the message.
The message is received in the push service which routed to the right, client and the process of sending a push message from the server works. Like this. A back-end service on your server sends a push message to the push service using the endpoint URL from the subscription object. The message must be encrypted with the public key from the subscription object. The push service uses subscription IDs encoded in the endpoint URL, to send the message to the right user agent.
The push event is picked up by the service worker. The service worker gets the data from the message and displays a notification in this example. We're using Google's web push library for nodejs to send a push message from a node.Js server. The TTL value in the options specifies the time in seconds that the push service should keep trying to deliver the message now. This is important to set correctly some messages.
Have a short life some may be valid for several hours or more. We then pass in the subscription object. Payload and options object to send notification. You need a way to ensure secure communication between the user and your server and between your server and the push service and between the push service and the user. In other words, the user needs to be sure that messages are from the domain. They claim to be from and have not been tampered with by the push service you need to make sure the user is who they claim to be valid, was created to solve this problem.
This vapid identification information can be used by the push service to attribute requests that are made by the same application server to a single entity. This can be used to reduce the secrecy for push subscription URLs by being able to restrict subscriptions to a specific application server. An application server is further able to include additional information. The operator of a push service can use to contact the operator of the application server in order to use vapid, we need to generate a public/private key pair and subscribe to the push service using the public key.
The public key must be first converted from URL base64 to a you in 8 array. This is then passed into the application. Server key parameter in the subscribed method. The web push library, provides a method generate vapid keys, which generates the keys. This should be used once in the command line when push generate vapid, keys, Jason and the keys stored somewhere safe. We can use the web push library to send a message with the required vapid details.
We add a vapid details, object in the options parameter. That includes the parameter required for the request signing now. Let's look at messages from the receiving end in the web. App on the client handling push, events happens in the surface worker, the service worker will be woken up to handle incoming push messages and a push event is fired. This allows your app to react to push messages, for example, by displaying a notification using service worker registration, show notification to display a push notification.
You listen for the push event in the service worker. You get the push message. Data from the push event object in this example, we simply convert the message: data to text The Wrap, show notification in a wait until to extend the lifetime of the push event. Until the show notification promise resolves, the push event will not be reported as successfully completed until the notification has displayed.
You can practice working with the notification and the push API by following the lab that accompanies this article, one small gotcha, don't use private or incognito mode for this lab for security reasons, push notifications are not supported in private or incognito mode. You
Online Marketing
Web Payments (Chrome Dev Summit 2016)
But if you think registration forms are difficult, we should talk about. Checkout forms a lot more form fields, a lot more questions, but I think that you're going to see a consistent theme emerging through, like our talks here today, which is this one of let the browser help you. There are certain advantages that we have as a browser, especially when it comes to reducing friction and making life easier for users, especially things around repetitive data steps, things that the users can store inside of the browser's, but we're trying to do our expose api's and give You tools to reduce, friction and make things easier for your users.
We saw it in Koreans, while management and we'll see a very similar theme with what we're doing in payments, but first a little user activity just before we go off for lunch, which are some questions. Okay, great so first question just curious: how many people here actually enjoy the process of buying something on the web using their mobile device? Okay, good yeah and some people, but by large? No and whether we should come talk.
I'd love to hear like what is that you'd like about buying things on the mobile web and what it is that you don't as much a second question, and I would be really impressed here how many people can remember all the details of their credit card. I'r talking full 60 digit number really CVC on expiration. Okay, it's more than I expected. I got to be honest, like okay, we're still like under 15 %, but okay cuz I've even payments out for like 18 months, and I think I have yet to remember a credit card number, that's great and then okay final question: how many people enjoy the process Of handing over all their sensitive credit card information to a random third party server I'll get one.
It's almost like. I'r asking these questions to lead up to a particular point, and – and there was a points and the reality is that most users finds payment difficult. They find it insecure and scary and frightening and they find the process of doing it on the mobile web, particularly bad, and so we had this number. We talked about it at i/o as well, and it hasn't really changed, which is that on average, we tend to see about 66 percent fewer conversions on mobile than on desktop and again we think there's an answer to that, which is all around again high.
Friction the difficulty and issues around trustworthiness and security, and so we'll talk about sort of how we're addressing those today and how we're trying to bring fast, simple and secure payments to the web platform. But this is a little I'm a p.M. It's a little bit too PME for me actually, and so I have a much better mission for us inside of the chrome team, which is we're trying to save the world from annoying check out forms.
So I'm trying to save the world from virtual keyboards and having to memorize and all of those terrible things. I actually started this joke of the better payments Bureau a couple of months ago, and now it's become like a thing so anyway, but actually Chrome has been fighting the good fight against annoying check out forms for many years. Actually, we start with autofill back in the day, you guys are probably familiar with autofill.
This is my one slide on it. It's


text: Abstract With the increasing use of ultra-hard abrasives and the introduction of more powerful and rigid machines, honing process is spreading its performances. In industrial honing of cylinder liners for internal combustion engines, the degree of penetration that Metallic Bonded Diamond (MBD) abrasive stones have experienced compared to conventional Vitrified Bonded Silicon Carbide (VBSC) tools is obvious. The long tool life of metal bonded diamond sticks is however balanced by its main role in producing torn and folded metal without cutting-effect finish. To simultaneously reduce folding and remove the stock with improved stone life, an experimental investigation is reported on the process variability in finish honing behavior due to stone inconsistency and nature of its properties. We consider the achievable performances by finish honing of cast iron liners with a new abrasive stone. This superabrasive consists of micro-sized diamond abrasives which are bonded with vitrified bond (VBD). By selection of finer grit abrasive while honing with VBD tool, conditions could be created that gave a cutting-effect finish to the diamond honing and minimized the folding over.


text:
News From the Field
Fish Have Enormous Nutrient Impacts on Marine Ecosystems, Study Finds
December 11, 2012
Fish play a far more important role as contributors of nutrients to marine ecosystems than previously thought, according to researchers at the University of Georgia and Florida International University. In a pair of papers published in the journal Ecology, the researchers show that fish contribute more nutrients to their local ecosystems than any other source--enough to cause changes in the growth rates of the organisms at the base of the food web.
University of Georgia
The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent federal agency that supports fundamental research and education across all fields of science and engineering. In fiscal year (FY) 2012, its budget was $7.0 billion. NSF funds reach all 50 states through grants to nearly 2,000 colleges, universities and other institutions. Each year, NSF receives about 50,000 competitive requests for funding, and makes about 11,500 new funding awards. NSF also awards about $593 million in professional and service contracts yearly.
Get News Updates by Email
Useful NSF Web Sites:
NSF Home Page: _URL_
NSF News: _URL_
For the News Media: _URL_
Science and Engineering Statistics: _URL_
Awards Searches: _URL_


Go4Expert (_URL_
- - I'm a beginner (_URL_
djerry 3Dec2008 05:10
I'm a beginner
hi everybody!
i'm a beginner in c++ and when i was studying i found a problem. I didn't understand what for is the int command if someone of you could please anwer this i'll be very gratefull :)
xpi0t0s 3Dec2008 05:39
Re: I'm a beginner
It defines a variable of type integer, which stores positive and negative whole numbers within a specific limit.
That limit is machine dependent but typically it's from -2^31 up to +2^31-1. ^ means "to the power of", so that's -_PHONE_ to +_PHONE_ (notice it's not symmetrical, that's because there's only one representation for zero).
int foo; // defines an integer variable called foo with an undefined initial value. You have to watch uninitialised variables carefully to avoid some possibly difficult to find bugs (e.g. the program works in a "debug" compile but not in a "release" compile, which is VERY annoying!).
int bar=-27; // defines an integer bar containing the initial value of -27. Always initialise variables! Even if just to zero.
int quux=_PHONE_; // invalid, because 9,999,999,999 is greater than the maximum value you can store (2,147,483,647). You should get an error, or at least a warning, if you try to compile this one.
int gronk=3._PHONE_; // invalid, because pi isn't a whole number. This may or may not throw an error; if not, it will assign 3 to gronk. You may get a compiler warning.
coderzone 3Dec2008 10:07
Re: I'm a beginner
Offtopic comment:
I would not like to post if your Title does not speak what it contains inside and so try giving Good Titles.


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10 thoughts on "Watch Noam Chomsky Literally Explain Ferguson In Less Than 60 Seconds
 1. Gerald Clark says:
 …a good example of the difference between those, however well meaning, who are primarily academics and not primarily Organizers. Chomsky speaks of the twenty enslaved Africans sold by Dutch slavers to a English colony in Virginia as the beginning when We know the oldest record of permanent settler colonies in what is now the U.S. says that Enslaved African and Enslaved First Nation(Native Americans) joined together to escape Spanish colonists in 1553 in what is now South Carolina. Bennett's Before The Mayflower.
 2. He didn't even answer the question. Plus his dates on slavery are waaayyy off! A prominent ass with false facts! Typical. I don't expect anything else. From someone with book smarts and no common sense about another's culture or true history.
 3. Unfortunately, you are sooooooooo correct!!
 4. Gus Andrews says:
 Regardless of the accuracy of historical data! The basic premise is indisputable!
 5. Garrett Tedeman says:
 One of the best clips of Chomsky giving this explanation and history. Until the country can find the honesty and courage to come to terms with its past, there won't be real progress.
 6. Terrance Amen says:
 So now that we know this, what are we going to do about it? We've been protesting for more than 50 years, now it's time to take the next step. Black Unity is the solution, is the plan.
 7. Hank Wilson says:
 Yeah whiteboy under cover…lol
 8. yea Chomsky is a living Encyclopedia and the most quoted person alive etc, but he is hardly the most thorough Philosopher alive.
 9. Peggy Hall says:
 what is your evidence, sources? don't be so fast to downgrade NOAM.
 10. 1555 was when whites first brought slaves over here, for the most part his explanation was ok
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Smartstrips: Foils that breathe
Smartstrips is the first breathable highlight strip that allows the perfect amount of oxygen in and expels damaging gases out.
Too much oxygen during balayage and the blonding cream or powder oxidizes and loses its lifting power. No oxygen (when wrapped in foil, paper, or other meche brands) and the mixture swells due to toxic gases. This hamper painting creativity, as well as increases the risk of overprocessing the ends or previously lightened hair.
The special composition of strips enables the entrance of the right amount of oxygen to obtain the lightening effects and the vent of gas that is harmful for the hair fibre. They allow enough oxygen to stabilize the mixture during the process, while preventing total oxygen flow that would over-oxidize. The result allows the product to stay fresh longer and perform at optimum capacity fuelled by oxygen to achieve incredible results. This occurs while ventilating the corrosive damaging chemical fumes that foil traps in – such as ammonia.
SMARTSTRIPS are Eco-friendly: they are not only easy to recycle, but they also strongly reduce their environmental impact since they are produced without using water or trees. This revolutionary material is made up of 70% calcium carbonate and 30% polyethylene, that reduces the use of plastic resin by 55 to 70% when compared to most products present on the market.
SMARTSTRIPS are the future of bleaching techniques, bridging the gap between balayage and traditional highlighting.
For prices and specials, email or WhatsApp +27 18 _PHONE_.


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Centaur from the pediment of Parthenon
A relief is a sculptured artwork where the form is modeled out from a flat background.
Reliefs are a common type of artwork found around the world, to decorate important buildings, such as temples.
The frieze in the classical Corinthian order is often enriched with bas-relief (low relief). Alto-relievo (high-relief) may been seen in the pediments of classical temples, e.g. the Parthenon. Reliefs can be used for a single scene, or ordered into a narrative. They can be very detailed to the extent that even tensed musculature itself may be seen.
Types of relief[change | change source]
Roman Hetaera, Relief, around 2nd century, Head is missing
Several types of relief are commonly used and defined, although, in all cases the images must attach to the background.
Famous reliefs[change | change source]
Famous examples of reliefs include:
Gallery[change | change source]


text:
GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS 100PC PUZZLE, BY EEBOO
- Puzzle size when finished: 27" x 18"
- 100 piece puzzle
- For ages 5 and up
- Printed on recycled paper with vegetable-based inks.
- Includes geographical glossary
- Educational puzzle for all ages
- Box Size: 13" x 9" x 2"
- Illustrated by Saxton Freymann
Geographical Terms 100 piece puzzle is the best way to learn about geographical terms! This substantial floor-sized puzzle teaches kids over 80 terms used every day for describing bayous, coves, spits, buttes, mesas, passes, gulches and so much more. Detailed and clear graphics provide a definition of each term.


text:
Feathered trees are profitable
This second-leaf Gala tree produced the equivalent of 300 bushels per acre.
Does it pay to plant a more expensive, but highly feathered tree rather than a one-year graft, bench graft, or sleeping eye tree?
Cornell University's Dr. Terence Robinson, who has studied the economics of planting different types of trees, believes that most growers are better off planting a finished tree.
While unfinished trees are half to one-third the cost of feathered trees, his analysis of the effect of tree price and its influence on profitability showed that the differences between the cost of using finished versus unfinished trees were small when trees were planted at low densities.
At low densities, the feathered trees were the most profitable. The optimum tree density for feathered trees was around 950 trees per acre, whereas the optimum density for low-cost trees was more than 2,000 trees per acre.
"In large measure, you're trading dollars at all the densities—you buy cheaper trees, you get less yield, or you buy more expensive trees and you get early yield," he said.
Moreover, in many locations, such as New York, the smaller trees do not produce fruit in the second year.
For those who have the management and knowledge to grow sleeping eyes or one-year grafts, they can work well, he said. But there is greater risk in growing bench grafts in a new planting. In a Cornell trial, they had a 98 percent survival from feathered trees, but he has heard of as low as 50 percent takes in bench-graft plantings.
"You're less likely to fail if you plant highly feathered trees," Robinson said.
He reminds eastern growers that micro-drip irrigation must be available to supply the highly feathered trees with water within two weeks of planting. "Highly feathered trees experience water stress in late May and June due to limited root systems and extensive leaf area," he stated, adding that water must be applied frequently to the newly planted trees.
Fertigation can also improve tree growth to the young trees, as they have limited nutrient uptake due to damaged root systems.
He recommends providing the young trees with 60 to 100 pounds of nitrogen per acre through the drip system over the course of about ten weeks. A liquid nitrogen product like CAN 17 works well, he said. About 60 pounds per acre per year of potassium is needed in the third year of planting.


text:
Very nearly every product we make ships with one or more lead-acid batteries. Since we have built hundreds of thousands of units, that is a lot of batteries. While most people encounter batteries everyday, few really understand the problems that they present.
The least understood problem with a lead-acid battery may be that they are susceptible to thermal runaway. The Wikipedia has a useful definition of thermal runaway.
Thermal runaway refers to a situation where an increase in temperature changes the conditions in a way that causes a further increase in temperature, leading (in the normal case of an exothermic reaction) to a destructive result. It is a kind of positive feedback.
Thermal runaway can be quite destructive. Figure 1 shows a photograph of a car battery in a trunk that experienced runaway. Not a pretty sight.
I have struggled with coming up with a good explanation of thermal runaway that is generally understandable. Today, I saw a paper that did a nice job of explaining thermal runaway using a simple mathematical model. I review that paper in this blog and add explanatory notes that will make the material more accessible to a non-specialist audience.
Thermal Runaway Basics
Battery thermal runaway is a positive feedback process.
- The charging chemical equations are exothermic (i.e. generate heat). As we charge the battery heat is generated.
- Heat accelerates the exothermic chemical reaction within the battery.
- The accelerated exothermic reactions generate more heat.
- go back to step 1.
This process is illustrated in Figure 2.
Thermal runaway only occurs when a battery is being overcharged. If you want to know how to drive a lead-acid battery into thermal runaway, take a look at the document "Induced Destructive Overcharge Test IEC Standard 952-1:1988." Its procedure works like a champ.
The thermal overload model presented herein uses two equations:
- Input Power Equation
This equation calculates the electrical power dissipation within the battery as a function of temperature and voltage.
- Output Power Equation
This equation calculates the ability of the battery mechanical design to dissipate the electrical heat generated within as a function of battery temperature and ambient temperature.
The simultaneous solution of the input and output power equations show that there exists an operational region where more power can be generated within the battery than the battery can dissipate to the environment while maintaining a stable temperature. This is the region of thermal runaway.
Derivation of the Input Power Equation
Understanding overcharging requires knowing the functional relationship between charge current, float voltage, and temperature. Figure 3 is an excellent illustration of this relationship for an aged battery, which are more susceptible to thermal runaway than new batteries.
Figure 3 is really a graphic restatement of the Tafel equation, which is an equation fundamental to battery operation. Because Figure 3 is a semilog plot, we can convert Figure 3 into an equation of the form shown in Equation 1.
Given that we know the charging current, we can compute the power generated within the battery by noting that. Equation 2 computes the power generated in the battery.
where k, α, β are constants determined through curve fitting.
I will not go through the details of the curve fitting operation, except to say that I captured the graphic data using a tool called Dagra and I processed the data using Mathcad. Figure 4 contains a screen shot of the Mathcad work.
A 3D surface graph (Figure 5) does a nice job of showing what the function looks like.
This completes Part 1. Part 2 will cover how the power generated within the battery is dissipated. Using equations derived for the power generated and power dissipated within the battery, a condition will be derived for when thermal runaway occurs.


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Let $S$ be a compact orientable 2-surface with $\chi(X)\leq -3$. Y.Minsky and H.Masur proved that the curve complex of $X$ is $\delta$-hyperbolic and infinite. E.Klarreich (see also U.Hamenstadt) proved the Gromov boundary of the curve complex of $S$ is bijective to the collection of ending laminations. Denote the collection of ending laminations by $B$.
Note: ending lamination implies that its complement in $S$ is a collection of (once-punctured) ideal polygons.
My question is: Given a number $N$, is there possible that there is a collection of essential simple closed curves $Y=\{c_{\eta} \mid \eta\in B\}$ such that $d_{\mathcal {C}(S)}(c_{\eta}, c_{\zeta})\geq N$, for any $\eta, \zeta \in B$ and $\eta \neq \zeta$?
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What do you mean by "$Y=c_\eta, \eta\in B$"? What is $c_eta$? Do you mean that $c_\eta$ is a sequence of scc's $c_{\eta,n}$ representing the ideal point $\eta$? Then the answer is obviously yes: $$ \lim_{n\to\infty} d(c_{\eta,n}, c_{\zeta,n})=\infty, $$ and it holds for any $\delta$-hyperbolic geodesic space, simply by the definition of Gromov boundary. – Misha Nov 4 '12 at 14:06
Actually, you do not even need the space to be geodesic for this to hold, although the curve complex is geodesic. – Misha Nov 4 '12 at 14:52
To correct your reference, the theorem equating the Gromov boundary of the curve complex to the space of ''ending laminations'' is due not to Hamenstadt but to Klarreich – Lee Mosher Nov 4 '12 at 17:10
_USER_, $Y$ is defined to be a collection of essential closed curves. I want to write it as a collection, but I don't know how to do it. And the number $N$ depends only on the surface $S$. – yanqing Nov 4 '12 at 23:34
_USER_ Mosher, you are right. I just correct it. – yanqing Nov 4 '12 at 23:37
2 Answers 2
up vote 4 down vote accepted
Are you trying to index a countable collection of curves by the (uncountable!) space of ending laminations?
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Who knows what OP means by $c_\eta$: Could be a single vertex (then, of course, the map is not going to be 1-1), could be a sequence, could be something completely different... – Misha Nov 5 '12 at 23:15
$c_{\eta}$ is a single vertex. – yanqing Nov 6 '12 at 0:02
Then anonymous answered your question, since you cannot have an injective map from continuum to a countable set. – Misha Nov 6 '12 at 0:09
_USER_, I am not sure that the vertices of the curve complex is countable. – yanqing Nov 10 '12 at 0:10
The fundamental group of your surface is countable (it is finitely generated) and homotopy classes of closed curves correspond to conjugacy classes in this group. The vertices of the curve complex are homotopy classes of essential simple closed curves. – staylor Nov 10 '12 at 18:00
Just to summarize the above: the answer is "no" because the curve complex has countably many vertices while the boundary is uncountable. To give an easier example of this sort of thing, consider the regular four-valent tree, also known as the Cayley graph of the rank two free group. The tree is countable while its Gromov boundary is a Cantor set, and so uncountable.
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Great, thanks very much – yanqing Nov 21 '12 at 0:25
Your Answer


text:
One of these names, Pollok, is my grandmother's name. There are various spellings of Pollock, and various stories about how the name originated.
The family Pollok is said to have taken the name in the 12th century when they were given lands in Scotland by King David I of Scotland, along with other
Anglo-Breton refugees from a succession war in England. Clan Pollock website says that they took the name after the name of the location where they
settled. I think a possible explanation is that they took this name from a combination of the French which they spoke and the local name for lakes. Thus:
"peu" (small) de Lachs (lakes in Gaelic).
And then there is the frequent claim that the modern Scottish name Pollock and the Jewish name Pollak have different roots.
I put this snippet of information forward to show that names are deceptive, and one cannot be entirely sure where they came from.
But other details of the history of the Polloks makes me think they easily could have been of partial Jewish descent. Was this descent maternal or paternal or both?
In any case, very mixed. They were not wholly Jewish even if they were partly Jewish. Which "counts" in determining descent from David, the maternal or the paternal line? In Bible times, it would have been the paternal line, but would it be the maternal line today, which is the usual descent counter among modern rabbis?
The founder of the Pollok line in Scotland, Peter, sometimes signed his name on documents as "Peres", which is not only a Jewish name from the Old Testament,
but it the name of one of Judah's twin sons by Tamar. I have found documents showing that this name "Peres" or "Perez" was repeated in generations of the family living in Renfrewshire and Lanarkshire. Usually the people in question were "sheriffs", so there were documents preserved about their activities, and in the early,
wealthier years they gave land to various priories and abbeys in the area, and the donation records listed their names. I recently saw a study online by a Scottish
Ph.D. discussing the INTENSELY VARIED racial and cultural backgrounds of the people who lived in early medieval Scotland, particularly in the midland and borders regions. Bingo! Corroborates what I've seen elsewhere and put together myself as a thesis. There is lots more where that came from.
Well, Doves, this may be of little interest to you considering the momentous times and struggles we face, to discern who has a tiny bit of King David inhabiting his or her genes. I just wanted to say that this IS interesting, very interesting to me when I try to figure out why I am the way I am, but it is as nothing in our consideration of our salvation. Being a child of God is THE important thing, not whether any of us are descended from David or from other Jews of his period.
But I am grateful for the list of modern Jewish people's names who are descended from David. Thanks!
Mariel (I just found out from the Scottish Ph.D. that my "aunt" in the early middle ages actually spelled her name Muriel rather than Mauricle, as most weblinks have it. Pretty close to my Mariel. The proof is the documents collected by the Ph.D. referencing donations by the Pollok, with Muriel Pollok being a donor, as she
was the heir of Peter (Peres) de Pollok.


Excerpt: 'Happiest Toddler on the Block'
In his new book, The Happiest Toddler on the Block, Dr. Harvey Karp explains that if you talk to your tantrum-prone toddler in what he calls "toddler-ese," the tantrums should stop.
Read an excerpt from The Happiest Toddler on the Block, which is also on video/DVD, by Dr. Harvey Karp.
You can also find more information on Dr. Karp's techniques at _URL_.
EXCERPTS: The Happiest Toddler on the Block,
—Ernest Hemingway
Main Points:
The Fast-Food Rule is the best way to talk to any upset person: Before saying what you think, repeat what he said — with sincerity. If you skip the Fast-Food Rule, your irate friend may not be able to listen to you. When your child is upset, it helps to translate what you say to him into Toddler-ese (his native language). Toddler-ese has four characteristics: very short phrases, repetition, emphasis, and gesturing.
How Do You Say That in Toddler-ese? Communication That Really Works!
Toddler-ese takes some practice-but it will help you be a better, and happier, parent. You are about to learn a new and highly effective way to defuse your toddler's outbursts with love and respect. It's based on understanding how his prehistoric mind works.
First, let's start with a little quiz. Which best describes your toddler's mind?
1. A neatly manicured park 2. A rolling green meadow 3. A jungle If you answered (3) "A jungle," you're absolutely right! Toddlers are sweet and fun, but they're also wild and disorganized. This is especially true when your child gets upset (angry, frustrated, hurt, etc.). As ambassador to your little jungle pal, your job will be much easier once you learn to speak his language (complete with grunts, gestures, and short, primitive phrases)! Becoming fluent in his language is nothing less than your ticket to a fun, wonderful relationship. But before being trained in Toddler-ese, you must first master the numberone law of speaking with anyone who is upset-the Fast-Food Rule!
Okay, I know that burgers and fries are not very prehistoric. But I hope that this funny name will help you remember this important concept forever! Once you've learned it, I'll show you how to translate the Fast-Food technique into Toddler-ese. Together they will be your miracle potion for quickly calming your toddler.
The Fast-Food Rule: The Golden Rule of Communication In conversations you have to take turns-and whoever is most upset goes first! — Karp's rule of communication
The Fast-Food Rule is simple: Before you tell an upset person your concerns, you must repeat back his-with total sincerity. It is a very simple rule and once you master it, you'll be able to make the person you're listening to feel understood, respected, and cared about.
Here's how it works (and why my patients named it the Fast-Food Rule):
The Fast-Food Rule, Step 1: REPEAT the message you hear Burger joints have their problems, but they do one thing incredibly well: taking customers' orders.
Imagine you're at the drive-through. A voice crackles over a speaker, "Can I take your order?"
You reply, "I'd like a burger and fries."
What does the order-taker say back to you?
"What's the matter? Were you too lazy to cook tonight?"
"Do you realize how much fat is in that meal?" "That will be four dollars."
The answer is none of the above!
No. The first thing she does is repeat your order back to you!
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Pressure ulcers in pediatric patients is an area of patient safety that has been somewhat overlooked by the medical community. While children also suffer from pressure ulcers, there has been much less pediatric research done to review the prevalence, incidence and risk factors associated with pressure ulcers.
NICHQ has always placed patient safety at the forefront of the many healthcare issues it takes on. In this section, clinicians can find a "how-to-guide" to prevent hospital-acquired pressure ulcers, as well as several tools to use in their clinical setting.
Tools for Preventing Pressure Ulcers in Pediatric Clinical Settings
As part of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's (IHI) 5 Million Lives Campaign, NICHQ facilitated the pediatric node, known as The Pediatric Affinity Group. The Pediatric Affinity Group created tools to provide support for the pediatric community and to help build a robust knowledge exchange with the aim of purging harm from children's healthcare. These tools are supplements that adapt the IHI How-to-Guides to pediatric settings.
*Please note: References to the Modified Braden Q Scale in the documents below are actually the "Braden Q Scale" as designed, tested and published by Curly, Razmus, Roberts and Wypij in 2003's Predicting Pressure Ulcer Risk in Pediatric Patients: The Braden Q Scale. Nursing Research. 52(1)22-33.
- Preventing Pressure Ulcers - Presentation
from the 2007 Pediatric Webcast Series
- Preventing Pressure Ulcers - Pediatric Supplement
- Night Night, Sleepyhead
Bed Selection Guidelines


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This is the front cover of the book.
About Soyer's Shilling Cookery for the People
Alexis Soyer (1809-58) made his reputation as chef at London's prestigious Reform Club. Soyer loved to perform, and many regard him as Britain's first celebrity chef. He was a brilliant self-promotor. He marketed a range of his own products: kitchen equipment, recipe books, sauces and relishes. He opened his own art gallery. And he even conducted tours of the Reform Club's state-of-the-art industrial kitchens. On the day of Queen Victoria's coronation he prepared a breakfast at the Reform Club for over 2000 people.
But Soyer was equally concerned to improve the standard of cooking amongst the poor. A Shilling Cookery for the People is full of practical advice, based on the assumption that many readers could not afford to follow complicated recipes, or purchase elaborate kitchen utensils.
The book is typical of Soyer's desire to democratise the rules of cookery - bringing to the masses techniques that in France were part of an everyday culinary vocabulary. For example, in one chapter Soyer describes a visit to a house in St Giles (one of London's poorest parishes), where he performs a lesson in coffee making.Much of the book is in the form of personal letters written to friends, creating a cosy and somewhat romantic authorial voice - a stark contrast to Mrs Beeton's militaristic tone.
Soyer devoted much of his life to a number of philanthropic projects. He worked on Irish famine relief, creating the first properly designed soup kitchen. And he worked with Florence Nightingale in the Crimea, improving the diet of wounded soldiers. The Morning Chronicle said of Soyer, 'he saved as many lives through his kitchens as Florence Nightingale did through her wards.'


This article was updated on August 22, 2018.
In many organizations, the HR department acts as the eyes and ears of the workforce. They're supposed to know what employees are thinking and feeling. Businesses can then use the HR perspective to address issues when they occur and understand what employees enjoy about their work.
The Importance of Boundaries
If HR is going to be tuned into what the workforce is thinking, they need to be building rapport with employees. But this can be a tricky subject. HR wants employees to confide in them while, at the same time, they want to respect work boundaries. At every level of the organization, HR should be viewed as objective and impartial. So, how can HR professionals come across as friendly and build rapport without being seen as friends? Here are five things to consider.
1. Set Expectations About the Role of HR
While HR departments have similar functions, it's reasonable to assume every firm views the role of HR a little differently. HR departments would be well served to explain their role during the hiring process and orientation. This can help employees understand how to best work with their HR leaders.
2. Be Approachable and Authentic
Contrary to how some media outlets might portray HR departments, HR professionals are human too. It's perfectly acceptable to let employees see the fun and human side to HR. Employees may be more willing to open up and talk to people they have a connection with.
3. Have a Personal Social Media Policy
In today's technology-driven workplaces, it's important to have a personal philosophy on who you will connect with on social media channels. This is different from an organizational policy. There are several factors to consider such as the best way to handle disciplinary action if you're connected with an employee. HR pros need to ultimately decide the best way to handle social media requests from employees.
4. Don't Be the Last One to Leave a Gathering
Whether it's coffee in the afternoon or drinks after work, employee gatherings can build relationships and start conversations. HR is often invited, and there's nothing wrong with making an appearance. But HR leaders need to be keenly aware of the balance between stopping by and overstaying their welcome.
5. Address Confusion Directly
It's possible that an employee will misinterpret the role of HR. Don't delay or be subtle about addressing these types of situations. Have a private conversation with the employee and explain your role and boundaries that must be in place. They will likely appreciate the upfront honesty and respect.
HR professionals need to create relationships at every level of the organization. Their roles depend on it. So, have some fun and spend time building rapport with employees. It's absolutely possible to do so and still maintain objectivity.
Tags: People Management and Growth Company Culture Employee Engagement and Productivity Large Business Research & Insights Articles HR


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ConceptDraw DIAGRAM extended with Network Layout Floor Plans Solution from the Computer and Networks Area is a powerful home networking software. Use it to design your own professional looking home network diagrams without efforts.
Example 1. Home Networking
Network Layout Floor Plans Solution gives you the possibility to design professional looking home networking plans so easy and quickly as possible. You need follow only two steps for this:
- create new document,
- drag the desired ready-to-use components from the Network Communication Plan Library and arrange them according to your idea.
Example 2. Network Communication Plan Library Design Elements
Use also actively the colors to make your network layout floor plans and home networking designs more attractive, bright and successful.
Example 3. Ethernet Cable Layout Plan
The samples you see on this page were created in ConceptDraw DIAGRAM using the predesigned vector shapes from the Network Layout Floor Plans Solution. These home networking plans was included in Network Layout Floor Plans Solution, they successfully demonstrate solution's capabilities and professional results you can achieve. An experienced user spent 10 minutes creating every of these samples.
Use the Network Layout Floor Plans Solution for ConceptDraw DIAGRAM Solution Park for quick, easy and effective home networking design.
All source documents are vector graphic documents. They are available for reviewing, modifying, or converting to a variety of formats (PDF file, MS PowerPoint, MS Visio, and many other graphic formats) from the ConceptDraw STORE. The Network Layout Floor Plans Solution is available for all ConceptDraw DIAGRAM or later users.
FIVE RELATED HOW TO's:
Computer networks nowadays are spread all across the world. The large number of parameters, such as geographic scale or communication protocols, can divide networks. One of the most common types of networks is called local area network (LAN). It convenient to represent network examples by means of diagrams.
This local area network (LAN) diagram provides an easy way to see the way the devices in a local network are interacted. The diagram uses a library containing specific symbols to represent network equipment, media and the end-user devices such as computers (PC, mac, laptop), network printer, hubs, server and finally a modem. There are two types of network topologies: physical and logical. The current diagram represents precisely a physical type of LAN topology because it refers to the physical layout of a local network equipment.
Picture: Local area network (LAN). Computer and Network Examples
Today, we can't imagine our lives without daily data exchange. To call a set of devices that can be connected with each other a computer network, we must be sure that these devices support appropriate protocols to transfer data. A network consisting of personal devices is private, and global computer networks, for example, Internet, connects network nodes worldwide.
This diagram represents a computer telecommunication network. The network depicted on the current diagram is featured with networked communication devices that provide data exchange through Internet. The network interconnections and connections between Internet nodes are settled using the cable media and wireless media. The nodes are the network workstations (terminals). and host computers. This network diagram was drawn with ConceptDraw DIAGRAM and its Computer and Networks Diagrams solution.
Picture: Computer Network. Computer and Network Examples
Network Diagrams visualize schematically the computer networks topology, equipment nodes and different types of their logical and physical connections. They are widely used by IT professionals to visually document the topology and design of computer and telecommunication networks.
Picture: Computer Networking Tools List
Drawing the network diagrams is a complex process which requires a lot of efforts, time and artistic abilities. ConceptDraw DIAGRAM offers the Network Layout Floor Plans Solution from the Computer and Networks Area with variety of predesigned network components for drawing network layout floor plans in minutes.
Picture: Network Components


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Detroit River Area of Concern
On April 17, 1998, Environment Canada,U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Michigan Department of Environmental Quality signed a Four Agency Letter of Commitment. The Letter outlined agency roles and responsibilities during implementation of the Remedial Action Plans for the St. Clair River, Detroit River and St. Marys River binational Areas of Concern.
The Agencies have worked in partnership to further clarify areas of joint leadership and responsibility. A Compendium of Position Papers has been written and describes how the agencies work together to provide leadership for the RAPs, by involving the public, monitoring and reporting on progress, with the ultimate goal of delisting the Areas of Concern. The Compendium was signed on February 2, 2000.
Separate RAP implementation frameworks have been developed for the Canadian and American sides of the Detroit River AOC that reflect local needs. Members of committees from each process are encouraged to participate in meetings and events in both countries, so that they are aware of activites and progress on both sides of the river.
In 1998, the Detroit River Canadian Cleanup Committee (DRCCC) was established to "cleanup, enhance and sustain the ecosystem of the Detroit River and its Canadian watersheds". The Committee was a community-based partnership of industry, government, academic, environmental and community organizations. The DRCCC worked on the Canadian side of the river to implement the RAP recommendations.
In 2003, an Implementation Specialist joined the Committee and assumed the role of Secretariat. A main priority for the Implementation Specialist was to develop and implement a strategy to re-energize the Remedial Action Plan process. Funding for the Implementation Specialist is provided by Environment Canada and the Ontario Ministry of the Environment.
In 2004, the DRCCC was reorganized to better facilitate progress towards delisting, and to encourage participants to contribute where their interests and experience are most ideally suited. The new Detroit River Canadian Cleanup effort is made up of two separate groups: an Implementation and Outreach Group and a Public Advisory Council. The Implementation and Outreach Group consists of three Committees: a Steering Committee, an Implementation Committee, and an Outreach Committee. Public input on the process is provided by the Detroit River Canadian Public Advisory Council (DRPAC), which includes representatives of the general public, community groups, academia, local business associations and labour. The Implementation Specialist continues to have a central Secretariat role in the new structure by coordinating activities of the Implementation and Outreach Group and serving as a local resource for individual project implementers.
The Four Agencies will treat the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair and Detroit River holistically, using a watershed approach. For the St. Clair and Detroit River RAPs, monitoring activities are occurring locally to address the needs of the AOCs. Meanwhile, a monitoring committee for the corridor has been established with representatives from the Four Agencies. In the past, the corridor monitoring committee has conducted biennial inventories of monitoring activities underway within the corridor. An annual Great Lakes basinwide monitoring inventory has been proposed by those responsible for overseeing binational Great Lakes programs. The corridor monitoring committee will evaluate the opportunity to integrate their inventory needs into the basinwide inventory. This will allow the committee to focus on improving access to monitoring information to support management decisions.
- Date Modified:


text:
Select the product you need help with
- Internet Explorer
- Windows Phone
- More products
Description of the way that Excel saves files
Article ID: 814068 - View products that this article applies to.
When you save an existing file in Excel, Excel creates a temporary file in the destination folder that you specify in the Save As dialog box. The temporary file contains the whole contents of your workbook. If Excel successfully saves the temporary file, the temporary file is renamed with the file name you specify in the Save As dialog box.
This process of saving files makes sure that the original file is not damaged. The original file is useful if the save operation is not successful.
When Excel saves a file, Excel follow these steps:
Important Points About Saving
Additional InformationFor additional information, click the following article numbers to view the articles in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
(_URL_ )You receive an error message when you try to save a file in Excel
(_URL_ )Description of the AutoRecover functions in Excel 2002
(_URL_ )XL2002: How to Recover a Lost Worksheet or Lost Version of a Worksheet
Article ID: 814068 - Last Review: September 19, 2011 - Revision: 6.0


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One aspect of Japanese culture that many feel is under assault is the nuclear family. Japanese divorce rates were fairly low until recently, but there is still a huge stigma surrounding divorcees that parallels American attitudes of the past. Japan in 1970 saw 95,000 divorces, in 1996 206,955 with the rate levelling off in 2000 to around 250,000 divorces a year. This works out to about 25%, about half the rate of present day America. Some feel that with the increasing divorce rate in Japan that the nuclear family concept is breaking down. This is especially true of the retiree divorces whose rate is skyrocketing as Japanese wives wait for their husbands to retire and then divorce them to avoid having to spend all day with a man they barely know and who used to spend 18hrs a day at work. But what are traditional Japanese attitudes towards marriage?
In his book, Divorce in Japan, Harold Feuss describes how high divorce rates are nothing new and for hundreds of years the divorce rate was on par with present rates in America. It wasn't until Japan started to adopt western values and laws that things began to change. Until the civil code and new laws on family registration was introduced in 1898 marriages involved a "spouse testing period". There was no stigma attached to multiple marriages and divorces. Once the code was enacted it became much harder to get a divorce. From 1898 to 1960s the divorce rate declined until Japan gained a reputation as a country with super low divorce rates. Fuess cites the family registration code, the rise of Industrialization, urbanization, and modernization of Japan as why the divorce rate lowered. As the Japanese moved to the cities they, "valued economic and social stability in marriage above romance and affection."
Some critics point to the American meddling in Japanese family law after the war as the reason divorce rates have risen but Fuess disagrees, arguing that divorce procedures "have shown a conspicuous continuity over the past few centuries in the marginal role played by courts in divorce." The Japanese have always had a "mutual consent divorce" system. 90% of divorces never see the inside of a court and are just registered at city hall.
So while pundits point at the American system as the problem, there is no problem as Japan is just returning to the traditional values of trial marriages it enjoyed for hundreds of years before Japan began to experiment with Western style values.
If you like this then, you should check out more from the "Myths of Japan" series:
|Drugs in Japan Myth||Japan's Gay culture||Numerology||The American Occupation of Okinawa||Myths of Japan|


I bet everyone has that dream of dusting off that musical instrument, they bought years ago only to have it sit in storage, and finally get some lessons, especially as COVID has us vegetating at home anyways. Israeli company Tonara, the makers of the popular music practice app Tonara Studio, announced the launch of Tonara Connect, a music education marketplace that connects music teachers and students worldwide on a digital platform.
Technology around music education often looks to cut teachers out of the picture, while Tonara puts teachers right at the center. Tonara's app, Tonara Studio, launched in 2018, helps thousands of teachers stay connected and engaged with their students while motivating practice in between lessons.
"The future of music education is being driven by innovation, connectivity, and empowerment. We strive to deliver on all three in the products, content, and global communities that we build." - Cara Katzew, VP Marketing of Tonara.
While Tonara Studio helps teachers manage and motivate their students, the newly released Tonara Connect, allows music teachers to grow their studios by removing geographical limitations and making it easy for students from around the world to find them. This becomes especially prudent as many millions around the globe face quarantine or lock-down restrictions due to the outbreak of the Coronavirus, and find themselves with nothing to do.
On Connect, music teachers are able to create rich, professional profiles, showing potential students who they are, and how they can help them achieve their goals. Music students entering the marketplace can then find the teachers that match their music learning needs, and initiate lessons.
The marketplace currently boasts over 800 teachers and is growing every day, connecting people worldwide through music education on a digital platform.
"We have the potential to do something truly big here. Not just in scale, but in impact. We've all witnessed the power of music education, how it unites, and how it heals. This is something that everyone in the world should have access to and Tonara is here to reshape the future of music education and make that possible". - Tonara CEO, Ohad Golan.
The company was founded in 2008 by Yair Lavi and Evgeni Begelfor. To date, Tonara has raised almost $10 million as of last Series C funding round.