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What's the difference between the different vertical bars?
$S = \{\, x \mid x \not= 17 \,\}$
$a \vert b$ implies $a \leq b$ when $b \ne 0$
$a|b$ implies $a \leq b$ when $b \ne 0$
$\lvert x \rvert$ is always non-negative
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Are all of these uses correct?
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(Off-topic) Actually, 1|0 but 1 > 0. – KennyTM Jul 28 '10 at 18:06
Yeah, well… it's true if a, b > 0. – Ben Alpert Jul 28 '10 at 18:09
Divides is actually defined on negative numbers as well; 2 | -10. _USER_ Alpert had the right condition. Of course, that's off topic from the question. As far as that's concerned, I'm glad you asked! The answers have been rather helpful. – Daniel H Sep 4 '11 at 21:58
\mid automatically has spacing before and after it, which | does not have. – Michael Hardy May 3 '13 at 0:08
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4 Answers
up vote 54 down vote accepted
According to texdoc symbols:
\mvert and \mid are identical and produce a relation. \vert is a synonym for | and both produce the same symbol, but should be used in the context of an ordinal, and should be used as an operator, not as a delimiter (p54, bottom). \divides once again produces the same symbol but should be used as a binary "divides" operator.
\lvert and \rvert are left and right delimiters, respectively.
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+1 ran out of up-votes but this is a nice, clear and concise answer. – Juan A. Navarro Jul 28 '10 at 20:29
I am now thoroughly confused – what is an ordinal? – Ben Alpert Jun 9 '11 at 19:30
_USER_ The word "ordinal" in this context is copied from the symbols document which uses it without explanation. My guess is that it's the usual sense: to denote a number symbol (operand) rather than an operator or a delimiter. I can't think of a use for this, but the very similar symbol "‖" is used as an ordinal in standard typography, namely as the fifth footnote symbol. The consequence for LaTeX is spacing: | doesn't introduce any. – Konrad Rudolph Jun 9 '11 at 20:26
So when using a vertical bar as a separator in a set definition before the condition, is that a relation or an operator? I'd say it's a delimiter, but those are left or right only, not centre. Correct? – Christian Dec 16 '13 at 2:30
_USER_ Good question. A bit of both, I'd say. No idea what'd be appropriate here. Probably \mid / \mvert. – Konrad Rudolph Dec 16 '13 at 8:03
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This is similar in spirit to qbi's answer. Let me quote from the guide to the amsmath package (the document known as amsldoc), section 4.14.2 Vertical bar notations:
The amsmath package provides commands \lvert, \rvert, \lVert, \rVert (compare \langle, \rangle) to address the problem of overloading for the vert bar character |. This character is currently used in LaTeX documents to represent a wide variety of mathematical objects [...]. The multiplicity of uses in itself is not so bad; what is bad, however, is that fact that not all of the uses take the same typographical treatment, and that the complex discriminatory powers of a knowledgeable reader cannot be replicated in computer processing of mathematical documents. It is recommended therefore that there should be a one-to-one correspondence in any given document between the vert bar character | and a selected mathematical notation, and similarly for the double-bar command \|. This immediately rules out the use of | and \| for delimiters, because left and right delimiters are distinct usages that do not relate in the same way to adjacent symbols; recommended practice is therefore to define suitable commands in the document preamble for any paired-delimiter use of vert bar symbols:
\providecommand{\abs}[1]{\lvert#1\rvert} \providecommand{\norm}[1]{\lVert#1\rVert}
whereupon the document would contain \abs{z} to produce |z| and \norm{v} to produce ∥v∥.
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Adding in \left and \right then means that they have a chance of scaling correctly as well. – Andrew Stacey Jul 29 '10 at 9:40
_USER_: bad idea in general \abs{ \sum_k } becomes way to large. The \DeclarePairedDelimiter from mathtools is a better choice. It create two macros \abs and \abs*, where the last one scales using \left/right and the first can be manually scaled using say \abs[\Big]{...} – daleif Apr 11 '11 at 8:13
_USER_: See tex.stackexchange.com/q/1023/86 for a question about getting the right parenthesis size when the inner text isn't vertically balanced. – Andrew Stacey Apr 11 '11 at 8:38
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As far as I know, by default they're all defined to be the same bar, except for maybe some spacing differences. But LaTeX, like properly written HTML, favors semantic markup over purely functional markup - you use the command for what you mean, rather than just what you want to appear on the page. This way, if you decide later on that you want certain kinds of bars to look different, it's easier to change only the bars you actually want to and not mess with anything else. For example, if you want to have less space between the bars and the text in constructions like |x|, you can redefine \lvert and \rvert appropriately.
As qbi said, it is recommended to define a higher level of semantic markup, namely things like \abs, \norm, \union, \or, \suchthat, etc., to represent what you really mean in your formulas, and to use those instead of \vert, \lvert and \rvert directly.
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they're all defined to be the same glyph, but the class is different; check the definitions in plain.tex or appendices b and f of the texbook (via the index). – barbara beeton Feb 3 '12 at 17:46
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\mid is a relation symbol and | is a delimiter. As far as I know \vert is basically the same as |. For things like abslute value and norm I like to use mathtools.sty. This class allows to define something like \absval{} which translates to \lvert...\rvert. This is useful when you tend to forget the closing bar. :-)
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According to symbols, \vert and | aren't delimiters either. – Konrad Rudolph Jul 28 '10 at 18:42
You don't need a package like mathtools to define \absval{} as you describe. – Mark Meckes Aug 20 '10 at 14:28
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Your Answer


text:
Born Sep 6 1919 - Died Sep 27 2011
Medical Cardiac Pacemaker
Patent Number(s) 3,057,356
Wilson Greatbatch invented the cardiac pacemaker, an innovation selected in 1983 by the National Society of Professional Engineers as one of the two major engineering contributions to society during the previous 50 years. Greatbatch established a series of companies to manufacture or license his inventions, including Greatbatch Enterprises, which produces most of the world's pacemaker batteries.
His original pacemaker patent resulted in the first implantable cardiac pacemaker, which has led to heart patient survival rates comparable to that of a healthy population of similar age.
Born in Buffalo, New York, Greatbatch received his preliminary education at public schools in West Seneca, New York. In 1936 he entered military service and served in the Atlantic and Pacific theaters during World War II. He was honorably discharged with the rating of aviation chief radioman in 1945. He attended Cornell University and graduated with a B.E.E. in electrical engineering in 1950. Greatbatch received a master's from the State University of New York at Buffalo in 1957 and was awarded honorary doctor's degrees from Houghton College in 1970 and State University of New York at Buffalo in 1984. Although trained as an electrical engineer, Greatbatch primarily studied interdisciplinary areas combining engineering with medical electronics, agricultural genetics, the electrochemistry of pacemaker batteries, and the electrochemical polarization of physiological electrodes.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
WHY DOES A PINE TREE PRODUCE TURPENTINE?
Q. Why would a tree living in a habitat that catches fire every few years produce turpentine, a highly flammable substance?
That question was asked as I was building a fire at home with a piece of fat lighter, wood from the stump of a long-dead pine tree. Fat lighter, also known as fatwood, catches fire immediately and burns longer and hotter than the driest wood. With a piece no bigger than a cell phone, you can start a fire without paper. Before you strike a match to fat lighter, smell it. Good fat lighter is permeated with turpentine. The turpentine neither harms nor aids the tree while it is alive, becoming of value to it only after the tree dies. Does that sound like a riddle worthy of the Sphinx? The answer to the apparent conundrum lies in the natural world's extraordinary ability to adapt and evolve.
Turpentine, a substance characteristic of pine trees and other conifers, is composed of a mixture of resins and volatile oils. The by-products have been used in a wide variety of applications including caulking for wooden ships, solvent for paint and varnish, and as an ingredient in insecticides, cleaning agents, and shoe polish. Turpentine products have even been used for medicinal purposes. A great turpentine industry was once centered in the South, where pine trees, especially longleaf and slash pine, were tapped for turpentine, the way sugar maples are tapped for sap to produce maple syrup.
The turpentine industry took advantage of a pine tree's natural response to injury. If the bark is broken, the tree begins to ooze sticky, yellowish sap that eventually dries and seals the wound with a layer of resin. The material is resistant to most wood-eating insects that might further damage the tree. The liquid can be distilled to produce turpentine.
But longleaf pines also have a characteristic that makes turpentine production seem counterintuitive. They live in what is known as a fire climax community. This means that, historically, trees and other plants that persisted in a longleaf pine community had to survive natural, periodic fires that swept through the forests, primarily as a result of summer lightning strikes. Some ecologists criticize forest management programs that prescribe controlled burns during winter because natural fires would usually have occurred in summer. Presumably, plants and animals in regions that experienced frequent fires evolved to tolerate warm weather fires.
Longleaf pine is a species well-adapted to survive fires at intervals of less than ten years. Young longleaf seedlings, in the so-called grass stage, can be burned back to the ground and then, unharmed, resprout the same season. A larger, more mature tree is also immune to a fast-burning forest fire because its thick bark is resistant to fire (and has no turpentine in it).
But why would a pine tree that, under former natural conditions, was sure to be subjected to numerous fires during its lifetime be saturated with readily flammable turpentine? An ecologically harmonious answer is that the turpentine is advantageous to the tree after it, or any part of it, dies.
Here's how. A pine tree dies, and within a few months or years, after the tree's bark has fallen off, a fire sweeps through the area. The dead tree, especially the stump of fat lighter, burns to the ground. So do any dead needles or limbs that were already on the ground. Nutrients bound inside the dead tree are returned to the soil and once again become available for other pine trees.
But animals and plants, including pine trees, are not altruistic, so why would this be of advantage to the tree? The simplest explanation is that most of the nearby trees would be descendants of the burned tree. The tree would be returning the nutrients to its own kin. In addition, adding fuel to the periodic fires would eliminate other trees that were not fire-tolerant species and that might otherwise compete with the pine trees.
you have it. Pine trees have worked out an efficient and effective mechanism
to deal with periodic fires over evolutionary time. The riddle of the
turpentine-saturated pine tree is solved.
you have an environmental question or comment, email


text:
The Australian Government Interoperability Framework addresses the information, business process and technical dimensions of interoperability. It sets the principles, standards and methodologies that support the delivery of integrated and seamless services.
Interoperability describes the ability to work together to deliver services in a seamless, uniform and efficient manner across multiple organisations and information technology systems. Promoting interoperability between agencies is a key focus to achieving whole-of-government collaboration. Interoperability improves government's ability to design policies and services to the needs of clients and to derive efficiencies as a result of streamlined interactions both within and across agencies. To be interoperable, agencies need to actively engage in a process of ensuring that their systems, information and business planning activities are managed to maximise opportunities for exchange with and reuse by others.
To achieve this, agencies need to grapple with diverse issues including:
- legal and commercial agreements;
- policy and business requirements;
- process alignment;
- data discovery;
- messaging; and
- channel management.
These issues are typically grouped into three major layers – business, information and technical.
- The business layer comprises legal, commercial, business and political concerns. The Business Process Interoperability Framework operates in this layer.
- The information layer comprises information and process elements that convey business meaning. The Information Interoperability Framework operates in this layer.
- The technical layer comprises technology standards such as transport protocols, messaging protocols, security standards, registry and discovery standards, XML (Extensible Markup Language) syntax libraries and service and process description languages.
Refer to AGIMO's interoperability frameworks for further information.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Studies show that children who are cruel to animals very often grow up to be violent adults. Teaching children to be kind to animals and to respect them as Gods special creation is an important element in preventing violent behavior in their adult lives.
The links and resources below provide fun, imaginative, educational ways for kids to learn about the majesty of Gods creation.
Links to some of the best pages for kids to learn about animals.
BOOKS FOR CHILDREN
The following books illustrate the mercy and compassion for all beings that is at the heart of Islam. Adults will also find these books enlightening and entertaining.
An exciting and colorful introduction to the world of animals, which is a hymn in itself, bringing out in full glory the wonders of Allahs creation. From the back cover. For younger children.
Animals in Islam (B. Aisha Lemu)
Aimed at children ages 8-10, this illustrated book teaches kindness for animals and talks about their special lives, as well as our duties to animals. Includes an activity section to get kids thinking about animals though plays, imaginative games, poetry, and so on.
Crocodiles Pray (Amana Publications)
Jamaals school goes on a trip to learn that all animals worship Allah in their own special way. But only Jamaal can figure out how the crocodiles glorify God. For ages 6 and up.
Love All Creatures (The Islamic Foundation)
a collection of five stories from the life and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), showing what he taught and practiced about mercy, compassion, and kindness to all creatures of the Merciful and Mercy-Giving God. He himself has been described by the Qur'an as the Mercy for all the Worlds and Beings; his mercy extends to all creatures for all times to come, even to animals. Primarily intended for 8- to 11-year-old-children. From the back cover


text:
John Taylor's can trace its origins back to the middle of the 14th century. Indeed, while we were visiting, we saw a bell that had been cast in 1352 that had been returned for repair. Aside from the Latin inscription, it looked like other bells that were manufactured in the last 40 years, such is the longevity of the material and suitability to its use.
Taylor's is the largest bell foundry in the world. They cast the largest bell in Britain - Great Paul, the 17 tonne monster that hangs in St. Pauls. But most impressively, they provided the bells that AC/DC used on the Hell's Bells tour.
After an hour or two wandering around the workshop that tuned and repaired the bells, made the wooden wheels and twisted the ropes, the main event of the day was to see a bell casting. It is quite an event and there was an air of tension as we made our way into the foundry itself. It may have been an air of horse shit, as I understand that too plays a part in the traditional methods used.
After some testing of temperatures, the roaring furnace was turned off and several tonnes of molten bell metal poured into a crucible. From there, it was transferred by motorised hoist before being tipped into the casts that were buried in the sand floor.


text:
Pub. date: 2009 | Online Pub. Date: December 16, 2009 | DOI: 10.4135/9781412972048 | Print ISBN: 9780761929574 | Online ISBN: 9781412972048| Publisher:SAGE Publications, Inc.About this encyclopedia
Development journalism is a type of reporting and writing on topics related to the process of economic development. Its supporters define it as independent journalism that highlights news of development projects, provides critical coverage of development planning and programs, and informs readers of how the development process is affecting them. Although the concept of development journalism sounds simple, it has been highly politicized since it was first created in the 1960s. Much of the debate over development journalism has focused on the issue of press freedom, and whether or not a commitment to covering economic development from a positive and even "emancipatory" perspective is fundamentally at odds with freedom of the press. In its early days, development journalism was linked to theories of communication and development and was thus affected by the politics of the cold war. In an era of heightened rhetoric over modernization and the best way to...


text:
In the photo, fruit toward the top of the cucumber plant has aborted. They are drying up from the blossom end toward the stem end of the fruit. While water shortage played a role in the abortion of these fruit, not all aborted cucumber fruit can be explained by a water shortage in the plant. Other factors such as the fruit load on the plant are also possible causes.
LETTUCE TISSUE DAMAGE
Since the leaves of the lettuce plant are the part of the plant that we eat, we don't want them to be too tough to chew. Lettuce leaves are fairly delicate and therefore can be damaged relatively easily by sudden changes in water availability and the relative humidity in the air.
When something happens to interrupt or slow the flow of water through the lettuce leaves, the cells at the outer margin of the leaf are the ones that get shorted first and most severely. As noted earlier in this article, a sudden drop in the relative humidity in the air in the greenhouse is one of the things that can lead to a shortage of water within the plant. If they collapse and die, there will be a layer of dead cells around the margin of the leaf. The cells toward the middle of the leaf survive and continue to grow. The resulting tissue is puckered and bubbled because its expansion is restricted by the surrounding dead cells.
The Bibb lettuce picture with the puckered leaves shows the type of damage that can occur from a sudden lack of water in the plant. Notice that the outer leaves of the plant are not affected. The cells in those leaves were fully expanded and mature when the stress on the plant took place. The cells in the margins of the younger leaves are the ones that collapsed and died.
When excess water builds up in the lettuce plant, the cells in the leaves at the growing point of the stem can be over-supplied, possibly causing them to burst and die. This is what has happened at the growing point of the Bibb lettuce plant having the open centre. This is called latex tip burn in lettuce. When lettuce plants start to close in over the middle of the plant, excess water is more difficult to dissipate than when the plant is more open. Latex tip burn is, therefore, more likely to occur during the later stages of lettuce growth than during the earlier stages of growth.
Latex tip burn will often take out the whole growing point of the plant. All the cells in the growing point burst, resulting in plant death. The crop is terminated if this happens because normal plant growth will no longer be possible. If the plant is left in the greenhouse to continue to grow, secondary growth will start at the buds at the lower leaves of the plant. The small secondary heads on the plants in the accompanying picture resulted from growth after the terminal bud of the plant was killed by latex tip burn.
Even if the growing point is not completely inactivated by the latex tip burn, the lettuce plant will not grow normally and should be harvested. If there are enough leaves on the plant to be useful, they can be eaten. The rest of the plant should be discarded.
HOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY CAN BE CONTROLLED
The leaf and fruit damage described above can be reduced or eliminated if the rapid changes in the relative humidity in the greenhouse can be slowed enough so the plants can adjust to the changes without tissue damage. An environmental control system capable of tracking and changing the relative humidity in the greenhouse is the ideal solution. Because such a system is relatively expensive for a small greenhouse, many hobby greenhouses have a very limited capability of tracking and modifying the relative humidity in the greenhouse.
Air exchange and heating are generally used to lower the greenhouse relative humidity. An evaporative cooler, a mist system, or a few water sprinklers can be used to increase the moisture in the greenhouse air. The control of the greenhouse relative humidity takes a secondary position to the control of temperature within the greenhouse. If the temperature in the greenhouse is high enough or even too high, heat should not be used to lower the relative humidity in the greenhouse. If the greenhouse is being heated, not much water should be evaporated to increase the greenhouse relative humidity because evaporating water takes additional heat energy. The relative humidity control system must be properly integrated with the heating and cooling systems in the greenhouse to provide the optimum environment for plant growth and development.
If you are not ready to buy a larger, more highly equipped greenhouse at this time, there are a few things you can do to minimize plant damage in the greenhouse due to rapid relative humidity changes. Generally speaking, make efforts to prevent situations that can create rapid changes. For example, on warm, sunny days do not leave the greenhouse closed up until ten o'clock in the morning. This allows excessive heat to build up. Avoid leaving the greenhouse cooling fans on after the temperature has started to drop in the greenhouse, due either to cloud cover or the onset of evening. Also, avoid leaving the wet wall on all night, which could generate excessive moisture in the form of high relative humidity, potentially causing condensation on the plants.
Last, make a point to stay aware of the environment changes in your greenhouse. The more closely in tune you are to temperature and relative humidity changes in it, the better able you will be to make the needed adjustments that will minimize plant damage.


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Here is a quick guide to vendor creation on QuickBooks.
- To access the vendor centre, click on vendors on home screen
- It looks like the customer centre. Selecting any vendor name on left would show up their information on the right.
- Type, address, map to their office, transactions, payments, purchase orders etc, are all viewable.
- You can also choose the dropdown arrow beside date, to choose a range of date for viewing records in that time.
- If you want to see the amount of money you gave to a vendor in a time frame, you may see it from here.
- There are Contacts, To Do, and Notes tab.
To create a New Vendor the steps are given below:
- At the top left click new vendor, and again on New Vendor
- Enter all information like name, opening balance, contact no, billing and shipping address
- From payment settings tab enter account no, credit limit, payment terms, and how QuickBooks would print the vendor name on check
- From tax settings you may check or uncheck if vendor is eligible for 1099
- Under accounts settings you may set if the vendor is liable for any expense to you.
- In additional info tab choose vendor type, and click ok.
- Now you see the vendor has been created with all info showing on the right side.
You may have questions related to Alteration Vendors in QuickBooks:
- How do I print a list of vendors in Quickbooks?
- How do you make a partial payment on a bill in Quickbooks?
- What is a vendor in quick books?
- How to Alter Vendor Numbers in QuickBooks?
- How QuickBooks expense categories list can be altered?
- How to Merge Vendors in QuickBooks?
- How do you mark a bill paid in Quickbooks?
- How to Refund from Vendor in QuickBooks?
- How to Delete Vendor in QuickBooks?
- How to edit expense categories in QuickBooks online?
- What Difference Between Customer and Vendor in QuickBooks?
Hopefully, with the steps given above clearly you can now easily edit and create vendors in QuickBooks. But, if you still face any kind of problem in understanding the steps or accessing the points properly, then you can give us a call @ to QuickBooks support team without any hesitation.


The Grammarphobia Blog
Bullies and bulldogs
Q: I came across someone who wonders if "bullying" has something to do with "bulldogs." Is there anything to this? Or is it just bull?
A: It's just bull, though the paths of the two words did cross at least once (more on this later).
"Bullying" and "bulldogs" aren't etymologically related. In fact, the word "bully" had nothing to do with what we now think of as "bullying" when it entered English in the 1500s.
The noun "bully" was originally "a term of endearment and familiarity" similar to "sweetheart" or "darling," according to the Oxford English Dictionary.
Although it was initially used for both men and women, the OED says, it was "later applied to men only, implying friendly admiration: good friend, fine fellow, 'gallant.' "
The origins of the word are fuzzy, but the dictionary suggests that it might have come from boel or buole, Dutch or Middle High German terms for a lover.
The earliest Oxford citation for the usage is from A Comedy Concernynge Thre Lawes, of Nature Moses, & Christ, Corrupted by the Sodomytes, Pharysees and Papystes (circa 1548), a morality play by John Bale, an Anglican bishop:
"The woman hath a wytt, / And by her gere can sytt, / Though she be sumwhat olde. / It is myne owne swete bullye, / My muskyne and my mullye." ("Muskyne" and "mullye" are obsolete terms of endearment.)
Here are a few examples from Shakespeare's plays:
"From my hart strings I loue the louely bully." (Henry V, c. 1600.)
"What saiest thou, bully, Bottome?" (A Midsummer Night's Dream, c. 1600.)
"Blesse thee my bully doctor." (The Merry Wives of Windsor, c. 1602.)
In the late 1600s, the term "bully" came to mean a "blustering gallant" or a "swashbuckler," according to the OED, though it now generally means "a tyrannical coward who makes himself a terror to the weak."
It's impossible to tell from the dictionary's examples when the swashbuckling sense of the noun evolved into the tyrannical sense.
But the verb "bully," which showed up in the early 1700s, was initially used in both the blustering and tyrannical senses—or, as the OED defines it, "to act the bully towards; to treat in an overbearing manner; to intimidate, overawe."
The OED's earliest example for the verb is from Samuel Palmer's Moral Essays on Some of the Most Curious and Significant English, Scotch and Foreign Proverbs (1710): "His poor neighbour is bully'd by his big appearance."
And here's an example in Google Books of the noun used in the tyrannical sense, from Tobias Smollett's 1775 novel The Expedition of Humphry Clinker:
"Then, it must be owned, he wants courage, otherwise he would never allow himself to be cowed by the great political bully, for whose understanding he has justly a very great contempt."
As for the noun "bulldog," it first showed up in the mid-1700s. (The OED has a questionable 1518 citation that refers to "two bolddogges," but it's unclear whether the animals were actually bulldogs.)
The dictionary defines the noun, which it hyphenates, as "a dog of a bold and fierce breed, with large bull-head, short muzzle, strong muscular body of medium height, and short smooth hair."
Oxford says the name of the dog is derived from the words "bull" and "dog." Why a bull? Because the dog was once used in bull-baiting—a "sport" in which a dog would lock its teeth onto the snout of a tethered bull.
The first clear "bulldog" citation in the OED is from a 1752 essay by David Hume: "The courage of bull-dogs and game-cocks seems peculiar to England."
The adjective "bully" (meaning admirable) showed up in the late 1600s. We discussed this usage in a blog post several years ago about the term "bully pulpit."
In the late 1800s, the adjective was also used to describe someone who looked like a bulldog—this is where the paths of "bully" and "bulldog" crossed.
The OED's sole example of the adjective used this way is from Mary Elizabeth Braddon's 1883 novel Phantom Fortune: "Angelina is bully about the muzzle." (Angelina is a fox terrier.)
Although the usage hasn't made it into the OED or standard dictionaries, many dog rescue groups use the term "bully breeds" to refer to such breeds as the American Staffordshire terrier, bull terrier, bulldog, and bullmastiff.
Help support the Grammarphobia Blog with your donation.
And check out
our books about the English language.


text:
Fluorescent Boron Difluoride Diketone Polymers
Fluorescence technology is an integral part of new scientific assays and imaging methods in addition to its omnipresence in our everyday lives. The inventors have designed a novel polymer that coordinates boron difluoride with diketone ligands which results in a highly fluorescent compound. The applications of this technology are virtually limitless and are unique in that the polymer has high quantum yields in the 400-550 nm range. Furthermore, this innovative polymer acts as a chromophore that is sensitive to solvent polarity and can therefore be useful as probes of local environments. In addition to the solvatochromic utility of this unique material are applications including but not limited to:
1. Fluorescent paint for safety applications, painting exit signs, airplane safety signs, any application that requires some guidance if power fails 2. The polymers can be woven into textiles for firefighting, emergency personnel, sportswear or essentially anything requiring night or obscured lighting visibility 3. Incorporation of the polymer into glow in the dark toys and novelty items 4. Fluorescent paint for signs, markings on machinery, other heavy industrial uses 5. Bioimaging agents and tracers 6. Laser dyes
This blue fluorescing compound is especially desirable as many existing fluorophores emit in either the green, yellow or red spectrum. Moreover, the biocompatibility and wide range of uses for this polymeric compound make it a potential staple of the future of fluorescence technology.
Type of Offer:
« More Material Science Patents


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am new to web game development and I am trying to do a web canvas game for a competition.
I have finished most of the codes but I am having problems with the highscore system which is a requirement for the game.
I have access to the server where I can host my game but it does not support SQL.
I am thinking of using only XML and ajax to manage the highscore.
Is this possible? Is that any reference that I can look into?
So far I haven't find a way to modify XML files with ajax directly.
I am aware that php is able to modify XML files, but I am also not sure whether the server will be able to support that.
Do all php servers support handling of XML files the same way?
(I know there is a difference between php 4 and php 5)
Any detailed tutorial on how to modify XML files in JavaScript will be appreciated.
Also, the organizer has provided this document which is supposed to help with the highscore system:
1 Create a text or XML file to store top 10 scores
To be able to store your game high-scores online you will need an Web-server and an online database. Hence, create a empty text file that will act like a database.
Determine what will be the delimiter to identify/separate each score. (Delimiter can be a "," or line break, etc)
2 Recording of High Scores
To be able to establish this highscore list in your text file, you first have to collect the score of player once player had completed his game.
With the collected score, your system will need to access the text file's content.
If the score collected is higher than the 10 scores in the text file, write the collected score inside the text file. Otherwise, discard the collected score.
If collect score had been written inside the text file, the game will re-arrange the standings of all the top 10 scores. And the last score which is previously recorded in the text file will be removed.
Tips to note
To avoid hacking, input parameters should be handled properly
You may wish to add some verification into the send scores, so someone cannot easily manipulate the scores by manually sending one.
share|improve this question
are you sure it doesn't support SQL or SQLite? phpinfo() will provide you information about extensions installed. – Phoenix Jun 21 '12 at 13:27
Its well documented; you can use the PHP DOM functions: nl.php.net/manual/en/book.dom.php – Oritm Jun 21 '12 at 13:42
where is the score calculated? On the client side or the server side? If it's on the client side, people will cheat by submitting high numbers to the script recording the scores. Also, it is not very clear what you are looking for since you ask for PHP and JavaScript. – Gordon Jun 21 '12 at 13:43
_USER_ Well, I think it does not even support PHP...iras20thdev.blob.core.windows.net/games/ACJC/htdocs-Copy21063/… – paradite Jun 21 '12 at 13:44
_USER_,the whole game is on the server, so cheating shouldn't be a problem. Now I would prefer a pure JavaScript solution since the server does not seem to support PHP. – paradite Jun 21 '12 at 13:46
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gpmapreduce configuration file.
%YAML 1.1 --- VERSION: 126.96.36.199 DATABASE: dbname USER: db_username HOST: master_hostname PORT: master_port
DEFINE: - INPUT: NAME: input_name FILE: - hostname:/path/to/file GPFDIST: - hostname:port/file_pattern TABLE: table_name QUERY: SELECT_statement EXEC: command_string COLUMNS: - field_name data_type FORMAT: TEXT | CSV DELIMITER: delimiter_character ESCAPE: escape_character NULL: null_string QUOTE: csv_quote_character ERROR_LIMIT: integer ENCODING: database_encoding
- OUTPUT: NAME: output_name FILE: file_path_on_client TABLE: table_name KEYS: - column_name MODE: REPLACE | APPEND
- MAP: NAME: function_name FUNCTION: function_definition LANGUAGE: perl | python | c LIBRARY: /path/filename.so PARAMETERS: - nametype RETURNS: - nametype OPTIMIZE: STRICT IMMUTABLE MODE: SINGLE | MULTI
- TRANSITION | CONSOLIDATE | FINALIZE: NAME: function_name FUNCTION: function_definition LANGUAGE: perl | python | c LIBRARY: /path/filename.so PARAMETERS: - nametype RETURNS: - nametype OPTIMIZE: STRICT IMMUTABLE MODE: SINGLE | MULTI
- REDUCE: NAME: reduce_job_name TRANSITION: transition_function_name CONSOLIDATE: consolidate_function_name FINALIZE: finalize_function_name INITIALIZE: value KEYS: - key_name
- TASK: NAME: task_name SOURCE: input_name MAP: map_function_name REDUCE: reduce_function_name EXECUTE:
You specify the input, map and reduce tasks, and the output for the Greenplum MapReduce gpmapreduce program in a YAML-formatted configuration file. (This reference page uses the name gpmapreduce.yaml when referring to this file; you may choose your own name for the file.)
The gpmapreduce utility processes the YAML configuration file in order, using indentation (spaces) to determine the document hierarchy and the relationships between the sections. The use of white space in the file is significant.
Keys and Values
Required. The version of the Greenplum MapReduce YAML specification. Current supported versions are 188.8.131.52, 184.108.40.206, and 220.127.116.11.
- Optional. Specifies which database in Greenplum to connect to. If not specified, defaults to the default database or $PGDATABASE if set.
- Optional. Specifies which database role to use to connect. If not specified, defaults to the current user or $PGUSER if set. You must be a Greenplum superuser to run functions written in untrusted Python and Perl. Regular database users can run functions written in trusted Perl. You also must be a database superuser to run MapReduce jobs that contain FILE, GPFDIST and EXEC input types.
- Optional. Specifies Greenplum master host name. If not specified, defaults to localhost or $PGHOST if set.
- Optional. Specifies Greenplum master port. If not specified, defaults to 5432 or $PGPORT if set.
- Required. A sequence of definitions for this MapReduce document. The
DEFINE section must have at least one INPUT
- Required. Defines the input data. Every MapReduce document must have at least
one input defined. Multiple input definitions are allowed in a document, but each
input definition can specify only one of these access types: a file, a
gpfdist file reference, a table in the database, an
SQL command, or an operating system command. See gpfdist
for information about this reference.
A name for this input. Names must be unique with regards to the names of other objects in this MapReduce job (such as map function, task, reduce function and output names). Also, names cannot conflict with existing objects in the database (such as tables, functions or views).
- A sequence of one or more input files in the format: seghostname:/path/to/filename. You must be a Greenplum Database superuser to run MapReduce jobs with FILE input. The file must reside on a Greenplum segment host.
- A sequence identifying one or more running gpfdist file servers in the format: hostname[:port]/file_pattern. You must be a Greenplum Database superuser to run MapReduce jobs with GPFDIST input.
- The name of an existing table in the database.
- A SQL SELECT command to run within the database.
- An operating system command to run on the Greenplum segment hosts. The command is run by all segment instances in the system by default. For example, if you have four segment instances per segment host, the command will be run four times on each host. You must be a Greenplum Database superuser to run MapReduce jobs with EXEC input.
- Optional. Columns are specified as: column_name [data_type]. If not specified, the default is value text. The DELIMITER character is what separates two data value fields (columns). A row is determined by a line feed character (0x0a).
Optional. Specifies the format of the data - either delimited text (TEXT) or comma separated values (CSV) format. If the data format is not specified, defaults to TEXT.
Optional for FILE, GPFDIST and EXEC inputs. Specifies a single character that separates data values. The default is a tab character in TEXT mode, a comma in CSV mode. The delimiter character must only appear between any two data value fields. Do not place a delimiter at the beginning or end of a row.
- Optional for FILE, GPFDIST and EXEC inputs. Specifies the single character that is used for C escape sequences (such as \n,\t,\100, and so on) and for escaping data characters that might otherwise be taken as row or column delimiters. Make sure to choose an escape character that is not used anywhere in your actual column data. The default escape character is a \ (backslash) for text-formatted files and a " (double quote) for csv-formatted files, however it is possible to specify another character to represent an escape. It is also possible to disable escaping by specifying the value 'OFF' as the escape value. This is very useful for data such as text-formatted web log data that has many embedded backslashes that are not intended to be escapes.
- Optional for FILE, GPFDIST and EXEC inputs. Specifies the string that represents a null value. The default is \N in TEXT format, and an empty value with no quotations in CSV format. You might prefer an empty string even in TEXT mode for cases where you do not want to distinguish nulls from empty strings. Any input data item that matches this string will be considered a null value.
- Optional for FILE, GPFDIST and EXEC inputs. Specifies the quotation character for CSV formatted files. The default is a double quote ("). In CSV formatted files, data value fields must be enclosed in double quotes if they contain any commas or embedded new lines. Fields that contain double quote characters must be surrounded by double quotes, and the embedded double quotes must each be represented by a pair of consecutive double quotes. It is important to always open and close quotes correctly in order for data rows to be parsed correctly.
- If the input rows have format errors they will be discarded provided that the error limit count is not reached on any Greenplum segment instance during input processing. If the error limit is not reached, all good rows will be processed and any error rows discarded.
- Character set encoding to use for the data. Specify a string constant (such as 'SQL_ASCII'), an integer encoding number, or DEFAULT to use the default client encoding. See Character Set Support for more information.
- Optional. Defines where to output the formatted data of this MapReduce job. If
output is not defined, the default is STDOUT (standard output of
the client). You can send output to a file on the client host or to an existing
table in the database.
- A name for this output. The default output name is STDOUT. Names must be unique with regards to the names of other objects in this MapReduce job (such as map function, task, reduce function and input names). Also, names cannot conflict with existing objects in the database (such as tables, functions or views).
- Specifies a file location on the MapReduce client machine to output data in the format: /path/to/filename.
- Specifies the name of a table in the database to output data. If this table does not exist prior to running the MapReduce job, it will be created using the distribution policy specified with KEYS.
- Optional for TABLE output. Specifies the column(s) to use as the Greenplum Database distribution key. If the EXECUTE task contains a REDUCE definition, then the REDUCE keys will be used as the table distribution key by default. Otherwise, the first column of the table will be used as the distribution key.
- Optional for TABLE output. If not specified, the default is to create the table if it does not already exist, but error out if it does exist. Declaring APPEND adds output data to an existing table (provided the table schema matches the output format) without removing any existing data. Declaring REPLACE will drop the table if it exists and then recreate it. Both APPEND and REPLACE will create a new table if one does not exist.
- Required. Each MAP function takes data structured in (key, value) pairs, processes each pair, and generates zero or more output (key, value) pairs. The Greenplum MapReduce framework then collects all pairs with the same key from all output lists and groups them together. This output is then passed to the REDUCE task, which is comprised of


text: The striped textiles of Yemen were famous throughout the Islamic world. They were made in the resist‑dyed ikat technique to form patterns of arrowheads and diamonds. Inscriptions on Yemeni ikats are often painted, as in this example. Such inscribed textiles were called tiraz, from the Persian word meaning "embroidery." They were produced in tiraz workshops under royal control. Such textiles usually bore inscriptions naming the current ruler or caliph to whom the recipient owed loyalty. Tiraz textiles were presented by rulers as robes of honor at formal ceremonies.


E P Collier
Primary School and Nursery
Nurture. Discover. Achieve.
Blue team
Listening walk
Sounds are everywhere all around us, even in your home!
Today we are going to go on a listening walk.
To do a listening walk at home we walk around, stopping in each room we visit. When you stop, stay very still and quiet, and use your best listening ears to help you to listen really carefully to all the sounds.
Before you go on your listening walk you may want to make a special listening headband or hat to wear. This can be done by using a strip of paper as a headband, and drawing and cutting out some large ears to stick on the band. You can make a pair of giant human ears or perhaps even some bunny ears, or cat ears!
Questions to ask yourself on your listening walk:
What can you hear?
Where do you think it is coming from?
What was the loudest sound you heard on your listening walk?
What was the quietest sound you heard on your listening walk?
In which room did you hear the most sounds at once?


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What leadership traits can we learn from wolves? In The Wisdom of Wolves author Twyman Towery shares the milieu of the wolf pack where teamwork, loyalty and communication are the norm rather than the exception. Whether it�s their traits of curiosity, perseverance, loyalty or play, wolves exist for the survival of the pack - a lesson humans can apply in business, family or personal relationships. The Wisdom of Wolves shows us that not only has the teamwork of the wolves among themselves been critical to their success, but the teamwork between humans and wolves has helped boost the life environment for both species. The Wisdom of the Wolves provides food for thought: The strength of the pack is the wolf and the strength of the wolf is the pack.
Simple Truths provides customers with inspirational and motivational gift books and movies. Our books and movies are comprised of short inspirational stories and motivational quotes that are certain to make a positive lasting impression. Simple Truths gift books and movies are great for friends & family, co-workers, teachers, students, corporations and businesses.


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Health promotion programs have become increasingly common in U.S. workplaces, yet little research has examined the unintended and potentially negative consequences of these initiatives. Overweight and obese employees face widespread prejudice and pervasive discrimination in employment settings, and this study investigates whether workplace health promotion may lead to more negative outcomes for these workers. Using an experimental design, the author finds that overweight and obese employees are rated more negatively and receive lower hiring recommendations when evaluated for companies with health promotion programs. These findings suggest that health promotion increases the salience and perceived legitimacy of negative fat stereotypes that facilitate weight-based discrimination.
This article examines employer choice in relation to job quality (JQ). Acknowledging the important role of market, institutional, and technological constraints, the authors highlight the role of employer agency in shaping JQ by reporting on an employer-led service redesign initiative in hospital pharmacy services in Scotland. This redesign initiative aimed at upskilling employees and redirecting their work effort toward high value-added, patient-facing work using robotics implementation. The article provides a critical assessment of the success of the initiative in enhancing JQ and explores a range of factors constraining and shaping employers' JQ choices.
Drawing from a unique dataset based on 146 in-depth, semistructured interviews with a nonrandom sample of ethnoracially and class diverse workers at one large public sector employer, the authors link job contacts' patterns of assistance to three distinct cultural logics of job-matching assistance—defensive individualism, particularism, and matchmaking—which differed along three dimensions: (a) the primary criteria upon which help was contingent, (b) the perceived risk faced, and (c) the screening practices contacts used. These findings contribute to a small but growing body of research highlighting the cultural logics that inform where, how much, and to whom job information and influence flows.
This study builds on recent work investigating the process of migration channeling between analogous sectors of the Mexican and U.S. labor markets. In this study, the authors take up the question of whether channeling between Mexico and the United States promotes immigrants' economic integration. Drawing on previous research on channeling, and using insights from human capital theory, the authors test the hypothesis that immigrants who are able to use their industry-specific knowledge, skills, and abilities acquired in Mexico within the same industry in the United States achieve higher levels of economic integration. Using a sample of Mexican immigrants from the New Immigrant Survey, we find that industrially channeled immigrants experience a wage premium of over $5,000, on average, in the United States. Our study concludes with a discussion of what industrial channeling means for Mexican immigrants' broader integration into U.S. society.
In this study, the authors identify and analyze a distinct and understudied source of gender inequality: gender differences in violations of wage-related workplace laws. The authors find that women have significantly higher rates of minimum wage and overtime violations than men and also lose more of their earnings to wage theft than men. In the case of minimum wage violations, the authors also find that nativity and immigration status strongly mediate this gender difference. Multivariate analysis suggests that demand-side characteristics—occupation and measures of nonstandard work and informality—account for more of the gender difference in minimum wage violations than do worker characteristics.
Research on emotional labor has shown that workers who are required to feign emotions are more likely to suffer ill effects than those who are able to deep act their emotions. The authors argue that what may stand between surface and deep acting is workers' ability to claim the kind of socially valued role that makes their enactment of emotional display rules seem consistent with that role. The authors draw on observations and interviews with workers in the debt settlement industry to show that men who were agents were able to claim that they were educating clients rather than selling to them. This made it possible for them to avoid feeling that they were taking advantage of customers who might have been better off without the service they sold them. Men were able to help clients in a way that did not conflict with their role as salespeople. Women agents, by contrast, were not able to style themselves educators. Instead, clients and employers expected them to adopt a therapeutic role with their clients. However, this role conflicted sharply with the expectation that agents be effective salespeople and forced women agents to feign feelings of care and optimism. Clients, coworkers, and employers, the authors show, shaped workers' freedom to define their emotional labor in satisfying ways.
Youth unemployment reduces the capacity to achieve diverse markers of adulthood, potentially undermining the young adult's sense of confidence and independence. While parents often come to the aid of their unemployed young adult children, such support may also have negative psychological repercussions. Applying a hierarchical modeling strategy to longitudinal data from the Youth Development Study, the authors find that both unemployment and parental financial support have negative consequences for youth's self-efficacy. These common experiences may thus diminish youth's personal psychological resources as they make the increasingly lengthy and precarious transition to adulthood.
Learning at work is usually seen as beneficial for the professional and personal lives of workers. In this article, we propose that learning's relationship to worker well-being may be more complicated. We posit that learning can become a burden (instead of always being a benefit) in occupations that are learning intensive and tightly associated with the postindustrial economy. Results of analyses using data from the General Social Survey suggest that learning lessens work–family conflict by increasing job satisfaction, but at the same time, learning makes work–family conflict worse by leading people to work longer hours and exacerbating work-related stress.
Whether the public sector continues to offer African Americans an upwardly mobile "occupational niche" is unclear, especially in the face of contemporary reforms that run counter to workplace protections. In this article, and drawing on overtime data from Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we explore this question with a specific focus on the upward mobility of men into white-collar occupations. Findings suggest that the reform period of 2005–2010, characterized by increased employer discretion and an application of a "business model" to public sector work, undermined African American relative to White promotion prospects. What was once greater racial parity in the incidence, determinants, and timing of upward mobility during the pre-reform period (1985–1990) eroded during the reform period (2005–2010). Promotion-centered inequalities in the private sector, in contrast, while high, were more or less constant across the same time period. We conclude by discussing escalating public sector racial disadvantages, the processes undergirding them, and their implications for the likely contraction of the African American middle class.
Retail offers notoriously bad jobs that exist at the nexus of work and consumption. Previous brand-based retail studies assert that youth workers see the stores' coolness and the employee discount as compensating for the low pay and variable schedules. The authors use interviews with 55 former and current young clothing retail workers to examine how they experience retail work in relation to their consumer identities. The authors find that while some workers identify with the brand, all workers criticize the poor working conditions. Workers draw on their consumer identities to understand what good service entails and sometimes to resist managers' orders that they interpret as bad deals for shoppers. This article concludes that youth retail workers' consumer identities do not compensate for the low pay and poor work conditions but instead help them navigate the interactive aspects of service work and find fulfillment on the job.
How do contract professionals seek to control their working time? Here, the authors identify boundary work strategies through which contractors—both shift workers and project workers—maintain distinctions from employees with standard jobs. Drawing from interviews with contractors in three occupations, the authors identify sources of leverage for control of working time in payment systems, outsider status, and occupational networks. These structures allow contractors to reinforce boundaries between contract and standard employment and resist the overtime and overwork associated with standard jobs. Boundary work between contingent workers and employees may therefore generate inequalities of control, with implications for workers, managers, and organizations.
Over the past several decades, there has been a remarkable surge of economic justice organizing across the country. The goal of this article is to examine these efforts and provide a framework for understanding their potential, their limitations, and their future. In what follows, the authors first describe five distinct organizing movements focused on low-wage work that have flourished in recent years. The authors then develop a framework for thinking about these movements. They distinguish among these efforts along the two dimensions of goals and strategies, assessing relative strengths and weaknesses. With these distinctions in hand, they then take up the question of the scalability of the movements and analyze the challenges they face in terms of growth strategy, sustainability, constituencies, and cohesion. This overall framework yields a picture of significant promise in America's economic justice organizing—but one that will take equally significant resources and political power to realize.
Poor-quality jobs have significant costs for individual workers, their families, and the wider community. Drawing mainly on the Australian case, the authors' focus is on the structural challenges to work–life reconciliation and the multiple-level interventions necessary to create quality employment that supports workers to reconcile work and family over the life course. The authors argue that interventions are necessary in three domains: at the macrosocial and economic level, in the regulatory domain, and in the workplace domain. The nature and success of these interventions is also critical to gender equality and to responding to the changing gender and care composition of the workforce across OECD countries.
This article presents a counterpoint to a structuralist view of job quality and argues that it can be understood as an outcome of contested power dynamics of interest representation within institutions of labor market regulation. The article presents studies of unions in two sectors in the UK (health care and industrial cleaning) where bad jobs are common. It examines how unions have sought to regulate job quality through representing new interests within existing institutions and by extending institutional regulation to new groups. The evidence


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Here are a few examples when you may need attach / detach children without adding or deleting them:
- When child was mistakenly added to the wrong parents, and you need to move the child to the new parents.
- If you added people in the tree without knowing they were parents of another individual in your project and found it out while doing your family research.
- When child was adopted by uncle or aunt (or other relatives whom you already added in the tree).
To detach existing children from their parents:
1. Under parents' personal cards click 'Edit' and select 'Children' > 'Manage children'.
2. In the window that opens, select the child from the list and click 'Detach child'.
To attach a child from the list of existing people in the tree:
On the parent's personal card click 'Edit' button and select 'Children' > 'Attach existing child'.
The window with the list of individuals in your family tree will open. Select the person from the list and click 'Select'.
Note: if you need to show both natural and adopting parents, you shouldn't detach child from the natural parents. Just use 'Attach parents' option as described above, and attach adopting parents. You will be suggested to select the correct relationship.
For more information about adding adopted or step-children read one of the following articles:


[Medieval Chronicles] Super Unnatural Walkthrough
Clues and answers for Medieval Chronicles 2. Solve the case of a murderous mummy and its curse. Kongregate.
M. Chronicles 1 | Table of Contents | M. Chronicles 3
1. Go right and talk to the soldier blocking the way. Select the Badge clue at the upper right corner and talk to the soldier again.
2. Go right, then up to the crime scene.
3. After the cutscene, go left to find the officer-in-charge.
4. After the cutscene, interact with the armor with a helmet on it to find the mummy.
~~walkthrough by moshimushi.wordpress.com
Collect clues
1. Talk to Dr. Sigh (+Incident Report)
2. Talk to Assistant Grayson to the leftmost in front of the Rex bones.
3. Interact with the nearest potted plant right of Grayson regarding Incident Report (+Mummy's Sceptre)
4. Talk to Curator Whitesworth, south of the crime scene.
5. Interact with the Mummy (+Pharoah Tututut)
6. Interact with the Mummy with Incident Report (+Too Clean)
7. Interact with the Professor's corpse (+The Victim)
8. Go back to Grayson and talk to him about Pharoah Tututut (+The Curse…!!!) and The Victim (+Behaviour)
9. Talk to Amber, right of Grayson, about Pharoah Tututut. Woofs-a-lot will run off.
10. Talk to Captain Blues, right of Amber, about The Victim (+Workaholic)
11. Go south of the crime scene, after Woofs-a-lot and talk to him about Pharoah Tututut (+Bandages)
12. Go left to the Professor's room where Tira is in. Interact with the blue book regarding The Victim (+The Diary)
13. Talk to Deam, just outside the room, about The Diary (+The Underground)
14. Talk to San, to the right and near Woofs-a-lot about The Diary (+The Dopplers)
15. Talk to Whitesworth about The Diary (+Fake Robberies)
16. Talk to Amber about Fake Robberies (+Wrong Quantity)
17. Talk to Tira about Fake Robberies (+Manifest)
Once ready, interact with the mummy to move on to the next stage.
~~walkthrough by moshimushi.wordpress.com
Professor Redguard:
Right, but his recent behaviour was more erratic than usual… And the reason for that is…
Dopplers (✓)
But he did come in contact with the Dopplers some way. It is evident from the—
Museum Robberies
Professor's Diary (✓)
The Sceptre
The Mummy
The Bandages
The Paintings
So if the Professor was exposed to the Drug, his emotions were affected as well.. Most specifically, his—
Fear (✓)
Your Archaelogical operation is being used to—
Steal Artifacts
Fund Terrorists
Blackmail the Nobles
Create a Zombie Army
Cover Conspiracies
Smuggle Drugs (✓)
Smuggling Drugs:
you can't remember you gave me the clue yourself Tira. Which was—
A Letter
A Bill
A Receipt
A Coded Message
A Manifest (✓)
A Will
Redguard, If I remember correctly, he warned you about—
The Mummy
Professor's Diary
The Sceptre
Museum Robberies (✓)
The Bandages
The Paintings
Everything becomes clear when you factor in one possibility. Which states that there is—
A Ghost
A Mummy
A Thief
An Elephant in the room
A Hidden Agenda
An Inside Man (✓)
Human Psychology:
Consider yourself to be Guilty of the crime. Now everyone is looking for a suspect. What is it you will first do?
Change the Subject
Act Innocent (✓)
Blame someone else
If everyone is discussing the case, what is the best thing you could do to avoid suspicion without any proof.
Stay Silent (✓)
Blame Someone else
The person who stayed silent from Redguard to being accused of a spy is—
Sir Whitesworth
Captain Blues
Assistant Grayson (✓)
The Mummy
1. Continue to click the barrels Dregg hides in until he escapes the room.
2. Chase after Amber. Enter the only available door. Once the mummy comes out of a door on the other side, enter the door to its right. Once out the door again, enter the center door.
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Inventor of the Week Archive
for a different Invention or Inventor
Petroleum refining method/Molecular Sieves
Chemist Edith Flanigen was born in Buffalo, New York on January 28, 1929. She received a B.A. from D'Youville College, where she graduated as class president and valedictorian, and continued her studies at Syracuse University. There she completed an M.S. in inorganic physical chemistry in 1952.
She began working that year in Tonawanda, New York, as a research chemist with Union Carbide Corporation and UOP, a joint venture of Union Carbide and AlliedSignal. Her two sisters, Joan and Jane, worked there as well, at a time when women were rarely found working in highly complex scientific careers. Flanigen worked on the identification, extraction and purification of various silicone polymers, chemical compounds that could then be used in chemical processes.
Four years later, in 1956, Flanigen began working on the developing technology of molecular sieves, crystal compounds that work like strainers at the molecular level. These sieves have pores that can be used to filter and separate components of very complex mixtures. They can also work as catalysts for chemical reactions. The sieves she developed would have a wide range of critical applications in the petroleum and petrochemical refining industries. In particular, her development of the substance known as "zeolite Y" gave the world a sieve that has the ability break crude oil down into parts, a necessary step that allows the various parts to be used commercially. For example, her zeolite Y sieve is able to optimize conversion of crude oil to gasoline. This sieve helps to make oil refining cleaner, safer and more efficient.
Flanigen has said that one of her strengths throughout her career has been her ability to discover a new material and see it through to commercialization, from envisioning processes for manufacturing it on a large scale to developing it for industrial application. Her sieves are also used in water purification and environmental cleanup and can be used to make ethylene and propylene, which are elements necessary to the manufacture of some plastics.
In addition to her work on molecular sieves, Flanigen also co-invented a synthetic emerald, which Union Carbide produced and sold for many years. The emeralds were used mainly in masers (predecessors to lasers) and were even used in jewelry for a time, in a line marketed as the "Quintessa Collection." Flanigen also pioneered the use of mid-infrared spectroscopy for analyzing zeolite structures. In 1982 she became the first woman to hold Union Carbide's highest technical position - senior corporate research fellow.
She retired in 1994, having earned 108 U.S. patents in the fields of petroleum research and product development. In 1991, she was awarded the Perkin Medal, the nation's most distinguished honor in applied chemistry. She was the first woman ever to have received the award. In addition, in 2004, Flanigen was the recipient of the $100,000 Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award.


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Log In to Anagrammer
Scrabble word: GRIP
In which Scrabble dictionary does GRIP exist?
Definitions of GRIP in dictionaries:
- noun - the act of grasping
- noun - the appendage to an object that is designed to be held in order to use or move it
- noun - a portable rectangular container for carrying clothes
- noun - the friction between a body and the surface on which it moves (as between an automobile tire and the road)
- noun - worker who moves the camera around while a film or television show is being made
- noun - an intellectual hold or understanding
- noun - a flat wire hairpin whose prongs press tightly together
- verb - hold fast or firmly
- verb - to grip or seize, as in a wrestling match
- verb - to render motionless, as with a fixed stare or by arousing terror or awe
- A tight hold; a firm grasp: a drowning swimmer now safely in the grip of a lifeguard.
- The pressure or strength of such a grasp: a wrestler with an unmatched grip.
- A manner of grasping and holding: The crate afforded no comfortable grip.
- Intellectual hold; understanding: a good grip on French history.
- Ability to function properly or well; competence: getting a grip on the new technique.
- A mechanical device that grasps and holds.
- A part, such as a handle, that is designed to be grasped and held.
- A suitcase or valise.
- A stagehand who helps in shifting scenery.
- A member of a film production crew who adjusts sets and props and sometimes assists the camera operator.
- To secure and maintain a tight hold on; seize firmly.
- To maintain a secure grasp.
- v - to seize firmly with the hand
There are 4 letters in GRIP: G I P R
Scrabble words that can be created with an extra letter added to GRIP
All anagrams that could be made from letters of word GRIP plus a wildcard: GRIP?
Scrabble words that can be created with letters from word GRIP
Images for GRIP
- grip Tedavisi Degnek.com
-... grip..... Wrist-wrap grip
-... demonstrating how the grip should be positioned in the left hand
- Team grip Alienation BMX
- grip Nedir Belirtisi ve Tedavisi Nasldr
-... finger (others use V between index finger and thumb) to decide grip
- Golf grip Strong Neutral or Weak Andrew Rice Golf
- Crusher Flex grip - Strength
- Konu grip influenza gripal Enfeksiyona grip saln ku gribi...
- griple ayn ekilde yayld dnlmektedir. grip...
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Articles 1 - 1 of 1
Full-Text Articles in Engineering Science and Materials
Numerical Simulation Of Multi-Phase Core-Shell Molten Metal Drop Oscillations, Kaushal Sumaria
The surface tension of liquid metals is an important and scientifically interesting parameter which affects many metallurgical processes such as casting, welding and melt spinning. Conventional methods for measuring surface tension are difficult to use for molten metals above temperatures of 1000 K. Containerless methods are can be used to measure the surface tension of molten metals above 1000 K. Oscillating drop method is one such method where a levitated droplet is allowed to undergo damped oscillations. Using the Rayleigh's theory for the oscillation of force-free inviscid spherical droplets, surface tension and viscosity of the sample can be calculated...


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By controlling/varying exercise tempo you can manipulate both muscular time under tension and muscular tension to your advantage. In a nut-shell, the higher these two values, the greater the muscle stress and the greater your gains in performance and body composition are likely to be.
- Slowing tempo on the eccentric (lowering) and isometric phases (top/bottom) of each movement will serve to increase the muscle time under tension.
- Performing the eccentric phase (lowering) of each movement at a slower tempo will require more muscular tension to control the movement rather than letting gravity take you down.
- Pausing at the top/bottom of movements will help eliminate stored elastic energy from your connective tissues meaning your muscles must produce more force to return to the starting position.
- Accelerating through the upwards phase of each movement (concentric phase) will require greater muscular tension as you move quickly against gravity.
There is no perfect exercise tempo we should all be following but a good place to start is with the following formula:
- Perform the lowering phase of each exercise slowly and smoothly to increase time under tension
- Briefly pause at the mid-point of each movement to eliminate elastic energy from your connective tissues
- Accelerate through the upwards phase of each movement to maximize muscular tension and force output


How to Eat Mochi
Japan has a wide range of exotic foods that foreign visitors are sure to enjoy. Mochi is certainly a popular treat.
Mochi, also known as rice cakes, are something of a delicacy in Japan. Mochi can also be eaten in a range of different ways depending on the context - it can be eaten in ceremonies and functions, such as in New Year ceremonies.
But how exactly do you eat mochi?
Safety Precautions
Before we go on with the different types of mochi, let's just make one quick note - take little bites and make sure that you chew the mochi thoroughly before you swallow.
If you don't follow this advice, it can sometimes result in the mochi getting stuck in your throat as it is quite sticky.
As a Dessert
Mochi is most commonly eaten as a dessert, and boy are there a lot of desserts!
First of all is Daifuku. This translates to 'big' (Dai) and 'luck' (Fuku). This is a little round mochi, and inside of it is a filling that's usually sweet. Azuki red bean paste is just one example of a filling.
Kinako Mochi is also pretty intriguing. This is made out of mochi and roasted soy flour. It's a sweet treat with a delectable texture that you're sure to enjoy.
You can also get something called Ichigo Daifuku. Ichigo translates to 'strawberry.' As the name suggests, it's pretty similar to daifuku but the strawberry part is the important thing to remember. It tastes very sweet and yet is rather chewy thanks to the mochi part.
Mochi ice cream is also pretty popular. It's a little ball of mochi and it has a filling inside. That's right, ice cream! This is any sugar lover's dream. Before eating, allow the mochi ice cream to warm up for a couple of minutes so the dough can return to normal before you eat. This will make it much easier to bite. You can even add mochi ice cream to other desserts and dishes such as espresso or ice cream sandwiches.
In a Dish
Mochi is most commonly known for its function in various desserts, but did you know that it can also be used in various dishes?
For instance, it is sometimes used in Zoni. This is a soup that is traditionally eaten on New Year's Day.
So the next time that you are interested in some Japanese cuisine, you should certainly try mochi! This delicious food is truly something to enjoy when you visit Japan.
We hope you like it!


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I am looking for a matlab function that is working similar to polyfit, but where I can use two different input function but instead of having just one linear term, I need two. At the moment the regression looks as follows:
and the code to compute R^2 is the following:
x= changePriceWithoutNaN; y=changeFWithoutNaN; p = polyfit(x,y,1); f = polyval(p,x); plot(x,y,'o',x,f,'-')
yfit = polyval(p,x); yfit = p(1) * x + p(2); yresid = y - yfit; SSresid = sum(yresid.^2); SStotal = (length(y)-1) * var(y); rsq_full = 1 - SSresid/SStotal
Instead of having just one linear term, the term I am looking for is the following:
Is there anybody how knows a function that is solving a least squared optimazation in the way to coe above does? Importat is that I do not look for a quadratic solution and therefore from what I can see polyfit(x,y,2) is not an option
No products are associated with this question.
Locks, it seems like you are interested in multiple linear regression. If you have the stats toolbox you can use the REGRESS function to do that. If you don't then you can use a simple '\' as follows:
x = dataT(:,2); %is the implied volatility y = dataT(:,10); z = dataT(:,15); p = [x z ones(length(dataT))]\y
p will have the 3 coeff you desire. We are essentially solving a linear system in a least square sense.
There are several multi-dimensional polynomial fitters on the FEX, e.g.,


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running time 32:22
The nature of this connected, and potentially endless, source of imagery lends itself to an automated animation exploring level after level, flying through real-world time and events faster than they can be processed by the human eye. This animation has become known as the Gridcosm Flythrough.
In the decade-plus that Gridcosm has existed, over 24000 individual images have been created, with an average time elapsing between creation of only 4 hours. Additionally, textual data has amassed in the form of a freeform text block which accompanies each piece, as well as user-generated tagging of each level's content.
Gridcosm Information Overload is an attempt to explore over 10 years of data, accidently generated as a by-product of this perpetual art project. Imagery is explored in terms of color values, relative position, ordering of contribution, and more. Individual artists (denoted by their three-letter IDs) are compared by localized participation levels. Overall activity is mapped against scaled real-time to highlight both lulls and frenzied growth. In short, Gridcosm Information Overload is an experimental documentary, automatically generated, to visualize and pay homage to the hours upon hours of artistic energy spent by the 300 people who have made Gridcosm the amazing project that it is today. It is not intended to be digested all at once, but rather represent the scale of the project and the huge amount of work by the participating artists by overwhelming the senses and beckoning for a slower and more detailed exploration by the viewer.
0:30 Sample (mp4, 640x480, 3MB)


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It was a true engineering wonder of its time. Nearly 3,700 kilometres of steel pipe — pushed through some of the toughest terrain in Canada.
Up to 5,000 workers persevered through a multitude of obstacles, often under extremely adverse conditions, to build what would be the world's longest pipeline.
In 2008, TransCanada's Canadian Mainline celebrated 50 years of history — recognizing a milestone anniversary of the final weld on the first pipeline system designed to deliver Alberta natural gas to markets in Ontario and Quebec.
Construction of the Mainline's western leg began on June 17, 1956 at Burstall, Saskatchewan. Natural gas reached the cities of Winnipeg, Manitoba and Regina, Saskatchewan on the Canadian Prairies in September 1957. Workers pushed on, challenged by the terrain and the remoteness of the land — moving about one kilometre a day across Ontario and, finally into Quebec. The final weld on the pipeline took place in Kapuskasing, Ontario on October 10, 1958.
To commemorate the event, Canada Post and TransCanada unveiled a special edition Canadian postage stamp, depicting a single, anonymous welder representing thousands of labourers who worked to complete the historic pipeline.
A little known fact — a silver dollar was welded to the pipe in that location. That silver dollar is now on display at TransCanada's head office in Calgary, Alberta.
Canadian Mainline Construction Facts


How do i change the administrator on windows 7?
 1. Click Start then Run and type "secpol.msc"
 2. Open run dialog box.
 3. Open the Local Security Policy editor using secpol.
 4. In the left pane find Local Policies then Security Options.
 5. In the right pane go to Policy then Accounts: Rename administrator account.
How do I change the administrator on my computer windows 7?
 1. First of all, open the Control Panel.
 2. On the Manage Accounts window, click to select the standard user account you want to promote to administrator.
 3. Click the Change the account type option from the left.
 4. Select the Administrator radio button and click the Change Account Type button.
How can I remove administrator account in Windows 7?
 1. ClickStart Menu and select Control Panel.
 2. Select User Accounts and Family Safety and.
 3. Select.
 4. From the list view select the account you want to manage (or in your.
 5. Click Delete the account.
 6. You're asked if you want to keep that user accounts files,
Why am I not the administrator on my computer windows 7?
This may happen if the administrator account is corrupted. You may try creating a new administrator account and check. Note: You must restart your computer when you enable or disable UAC. Changing levels of notification does not require that you restart your computer.
How do I change the administrator on my computer?
 1. Click the Windows Start button.
 2. Then click Settings.
 3. Next, select Accounts.
 4. Choose Family & other users.
 5. Click on a user account under the Other users panel.
 6. Then select Change account type.
 7. Choose Administrator in the Change account type dropdown.
How do I get rid of Administrator?
 1. Click the Windows Start button. This button is located in the lower-left corner of your screen.
 2. Click on Settings.
 3. Then choose Accounts.
 4. Select Family & other users.
 5. Choose the admin account you want to delete.
 6. Click on Remove.
 7. Finally, select Delete account and data.
How can I reset the Administrator password in Windows 7?
 1. Boot the OS into recovery mode.
 2. Choose the startup repair option.
 3. Make a backup of Utilman and save it with a new name.
 4. Make a copy of command prompt and rename it as Utilman.
 5. In the next boot, click the Ease of Access icon, the command prompt is launched.
How do I delete a user account on Windows 7?
Start button > in the search box, type user accounts > Enter > click Manage another account > click the account you want to delete > left side, click Delete this account > Choose Delete Files, or Keep Files > click Delete Account.
How do I login as the administrator on Windows 7?
Step 1: Go to "Start" and type"cmd" in the search bar. Step 2: Right click on"cmd.exe"and select "Run as Administrator" and run the file. Step 3: Command Prompt window opens up then type "net user administrator /active:yes" command to enable the administrator account.
How do I activate the administrator account in Windows 7?
Click Start and type CMD, then press Enter. It is best to run the Command Prompt as an Administrator. To do so, right-click CMD and select "Run as Administrator". When prompted to allow the Command Processor to run, click on "Yes".
How do I make an administrator account on Windows 7?
 1. Open Control Panel from the Start menu.
 2. Click on User Accounts.
 3. Click Manage another account.
 4. Click Add.
 5. Type the name and domain you want to give the user account and click Next.
 6. Select Administrator and click Finish.
How do I remove the Administrator password in Windows 10?
 1. Press Windows logo + X keys on the keyboard and select Command prompt (Admin) from the context menu.
 2. Enter the administrator password when prompted and click OK.
 3. Enter net user and press Enter.
 4. Then type net user accname /del and press Enter.
How do I change Administrator name?
 1. In the search box on the taskbar, type Computer Management and select it from the list.
 2. Select the arrow next to Local Users and Groups to expand it.
 3. Select Users.
 4. Right-click Administrator and select Rename.
 5. Type a new name.
How do I find out who the Administrator is on my computer?
How do I remove a built-in Administrator account?
To delete Windows's built-in Administrator account, right-click the Administrator name and select Delete. Close Registry Editor and restart your computer. When you open the Local Users and Groups window, you'll find the built-in Administrator account was deleted successfully.
How do I get programs to stop asking for Administrator permission?
Go to the System and Security group of settings, click Security & Maintenance and expand the options under Security. Scroll down until you see the Windows SmartScreen section. Click 'Change settings' under it. You will need admin rights to make these changes.


When to use it
 - Determine if a transaction was deleted, edited, or added.
 - Determine who added, edited, or deleted the transaction.
 - Determine if a person added a transaction or if it was added by Buildium.
 - Troubleshoot a bank reconciliation; especially if the last statements ending balance doesn't match the opening cleared balance. Use the Audit log to search for recent adjustments to very old, and presumably reconciled transactions. For example, the Audit log will show how Bob edited a check last week that is dated three years ago ; the amount of the change is the exact discrepancy in your reconciliation.
Generating this report
 1. Go to Reports menu.
 2. Go to the Audit log link.
 3. Search for your transaction.
To learn the history of a transaction, click the Edit or Delete link.
 - If you're trying to find why a bank reconciliation isn't matching, check the search criteria box: Only transactions changed after reconciliation
 - The Audit log only tracks transaction edits and deletions for a period of 12 months. This timeframe was expanded in May 2010; it is possible that a full 12 month history may not yet be available.
 - If the transaction says that System completed the transaction, it means that a recurring transaction or data import produced it automatically. For example, from a recurring payment/scheduled EFT, recurring check, or recurring bill.
Article #: 112661
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New Smyrna Beach
New Smyrna Beach occupies a notable place in history as the site of the largest single attempt at colonial settlement in what is now the United States. Dr. Andrew Turnbull, a Scottish physician and entrepreneur, obtained a grant of land from the British Crown. In 1768 he established a colony of 1,225 immigrants on the coastal plantations at New Smyrna, with a view toward the commercial production of such crops as corn, indigo, rice, hemp, and cotton. The land that the Turnbull colonists settled is located along the west bank of the Indian River, opposite one of coastal east Florida's relatively few inlets.
For some 10,000 years before the arrival of the Europeans, Native Americans inhabited the area, initially on a nomadic basis and later in more sedentary camps and villages. Until the early twentieth century, the coastline was strewn with mounds of ancient refuse that testified to the presence of the Indians. Most of the mounds were destroyed, the shell used for roads and building construction material. However, much evidence of prehistoric habitation remains hidden under ground and water within the corporate limits of New Smyrna Beach and beyond. Read Complete History


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Fulton County, Kentucky
From Ancestry.com Wiki
|This article is a stub. Help us to expand it by contributing your knowledge. For county page guidelines, visit U.S. County Page Content Suggestions.|
Fulton is a county in Kentucky. It was formed in 1845 from the following county/ies: Hickman. Fulton began keeping birth records in 1852, marriage records in 1845, and death records in 1852. It began keeping land records in 1845, probate records in 1845, and court records in 1845. For more information, contact the county at P.O. Box 126, Hickman 42050-0126. On the attached map, Fulton is located at A4.
For information about the state of Kentucky see Kentucky Family History Research.


Question: How Do You Use Entwined In A Sentence?
How do you use intertwined fate Genshin impact?
Intertwined Fate is basically a gacha currency that you use to pull for characters and weapons at available banners.
You can opt to do it per Intertwined Fate or do all 10 pulls at once..
Is it entwined or intertwined?
You may use either word in your examples without changing the meaning. "Entwine" is more often used with two things twisted together or with one thing enclosing another. "Intertwine" is more often used with more than two things twisted together. But both words mean twisted together.
What does tangy mean?
: having a sharp taste or smell tangy juice.
What is inextricably intertwined?
Inextricably is an adverb that means in a manner that is impossible to unravel or separate from something else. It usually modifies words like "linked" and "tied." To most Americans, Thanksgiving and turkey are inextricably linked.
What does intertwined relationship mean?
1. reciprocal verb. If two or more things are intertwined or intertwine, they are closely connected with each other in many ways.
What does intertwined mean in English?
What things are intertwined?
Things that intertwine are twisted or mixed together. You have to intertwine yarn to make a scarf. When things intertwine, they're all mixed up together — it's hard to separate them. To make any type of clothing, threads have to be intertwined.
How do you use intertwined in a sentence?
Intertwined sentence examplesPhoronis is often gregarious, the tubes which it secretes being sometimes intertwined in an inextricable mass. … Your path is intertwined with Darian's, so you'll be there when he needs to know this.More items…
How do you use hitherto in a sentence?
Hitherto in a Sentence 🔉Hitherto Jim got married and became a devoted spouse, his greatest pleasure had been picking up women. … Before John learned to fly an airplane, he had hitherto been afraid of heights. … Hitherto Carmelo was thought a suspect in his wife's murder and forbidden to leave town.More items…
How do you use exactly?
exactlyadverb. You use exactly before an amount, number, or position to emphasize that it is no more, no less, or no different from what you are stating. … adverb. If you say 'Exactly', you are agreeing with someone or emphasizing the truth of what they say. … adverb [not ADV, usu ADV group] … adverb.
What is the meaning of entwined?
transitive verb. : to twine together or around. intransitive verb. : to become twisted or twined.
What is the exactly?
—used to stress that something is accurate, complete, or correct. : in a correct or precise way : in a way that agrees completely with what is needed. : in every way. See the full definition for exactly in the English Language Learners Dictionary. More from Merriam-Webster on exactly.
What's another word for intertwined?
In this page you can discover 13 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for intertwined, like: looped, laced, interlaced, entwined, twined, twisted, linked, knitted, interwoven, crisscrossed and braided.
How do you use exactly in a sentence?
Exactly sentence examplesThey weren't exactly best of friends. … He knew exactly where to look. … She quickly replaced the envelope with shaking hands, making sure it was in exactly the same position as she found it. … What exactly do you all do there? … He knew exactly what he wanted and I told him we would buy it for him.More items…
What exactly or exactly?
Exactly is an adverb; it modifies a verb. Your first example, "What exactly is…" would be the correct form. The second is more informal; "Exactly what is…" has moved "exactly" away from the verb it is modifying.


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Case Report: Alleged Plagiarism by a Thesis Guide
As a general rule, the author of a work owns the copyright in it. As such, a student would own the copyright in his or her research papers, thesis, dissertations etc., and any other person including a thesis guide, university, etc. would not be able to publish the works without the authorisation of the student, i.e., without obtaining a licence from the student. Even if such a licence were obtained, the student would have to be credited as the author of the work.
However, this legal position is not always honoured to the letter, and there may be grey areas, as this case shows.
High Court of Patna; Criminal Miscellaneous No. 31757 of 2000
Sutapa Bhattacharya obtained a PhD (from Bhagalpur University, Bihar) in 1988. Her thesis dealt with political mobilization and caste conflict in Bihar between 1967 and 1980, and her guide was Roma Mitra.
After obtaining her degree, Sutapa Bhattacharya permanently settled at Calcutta, West Bengal. Meanwhile, Roma Mitra, her PhD guide published a book entitled "Caste Polarisation and Politics" in 1992.
During a visit to Bhagalpur in April 2000, Sutapa Bhattacharya accessed the book apparently written by Roma Mitra, and determined that it was "virtually copied" from her PhD thesis. She then proceeded to file a criminal complaint against Roma Mitra (and the publisher of the book) for cheating and copyright infringement.
The Learned Judicial Magistrate, First Class, Bhagalpur took cognizance of the matter after conducting an inquiry. However, Roma Mitra approached the Patna High Court against the order of cognizance. The High Court set the order aside as it was barred by limitation. However, the Court stated that "it would not be appropriate to record any finding on the merit of the case" even though it acknowledged that there was "some substance in the argument" advanced by Roma Mitra's counsel.
When Roma Mitra approached the High Court, she made the following arguments (among others):
 1. Roma Mitra had not exactly copied from the thesis of Sutapa Bhattacharya. Further, "in a case of a guide and disciple, the allegation of copying from the thesis by the guide cannot be applicable unless it is a case of exact copying from the thesis".
 2. The thesis was prepared under the guidance of Roma Mitra who had allowed Sutapa Bhattacharya to access certain unpublished manuscripts [presumably, written by Roma Mitra herself] in order to prepare the concept of thesis.
 3. Sutapa Bhattacharya adopted the ideas, language and expression of Roma Mitra to some extent while conducting the research for her thesis and while writing it.
 4. Roma Mitra had published extensively on the Subject even prior to the preparation of thesis.
(This post is by Nandita Saikia and was first published at Indian Copyright.)


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The word Brandy comes from the Dutch word brandewijn, ("burnt wine"), which is how the straightforward Dutch traders who introduced it to Northern Europe from Southern France and Spain in the 16th century described wine that had been "burnt," or boiled, in order to distill it. The origins of Brandy can be traced back to the expanding Moslem Mediterranean states in the 7th and 8th centuries.
Cognac is the best known type of Brandy in the world, a benchmark by which most other Brandies are judged. The Cognac region is located on the west-central Atlantic coast of France, just north of Bordeaux, in the departments of Charente and Charente-Maritime. The region is further subdivided into six growing zones: Grande Champagne, Petite Champagne, Bois Ordinaries, Borderies, Fins Bois, and Bons Bois.
Brandy has a rating system to describe its quality and condition; these indicators can usually be found near the brand name on the label:
- A.C.: aged two years in wood.
- V.S.: "Very Special" or 3-Star, aged at least three years in wood.
- V.S.O.P.: "Very Special Old Pale" or 5-Star, aged at least five years in wood.
- X.O.: "Extra Old", Napoleon or Vieille Reserve, aged at least six years, Napoleon at least four years.
- Vintage: Stored in the cask until the time it is bottled with the label showing the vintage date.
- Hors d'age: These are too old to determine the age, ten years plus is typical, and are of great quality.


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11,000 YEARS ALONG THE HOUSATONIC RIVER: THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF NATIVE AMERICANS IN THE NORTHWEST HILLS
Kent, Connecticut – September 13, 2008 – The Sloane-Stanley Museum invites the public to a free program on Saturday, October 4th to celebrate Connecticut Archaeology Awareness Month. Dr. Nicholas Bellantoni, State Archaeologist, will talk at 1p.m. on the history of the Native American settlements and patterns of subsistence along the Housatonic River and how both were forced to adapt to changing climatic conditions and European contact.
Dr. Bellantoni serves as the State Archaeologist with the Connecticut State Museum of Natural History and Archaeology Center at the University of Connecticut. He has been excavating in Connecticut for over 30 years. "We are fortunate to have Dr. Bellantoni open Connecticut Archaeology Awareness Month by speaking at the Sloane-Stanley Museum," said Karin Peterson, Museum Director. "He is a knowledgeable and charismatic speaker." Want-to-be archaeologists can refine their digging skills at "Excavation Station," an interactive learning experience for all ages, which precedes Dr. Bellantoni's presentation from 11:00 am to 1:00 pm. This program also is part of the Upper Housatonic Valley National Heritage Walking Weekend held each year so the public can learn about the history and culture of this region which includes parts of Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York.
The Sloane-Stanley Museum was built as a collaborative effort between Eric Sloane and the Stanley Works of New Britain to commemorate the tool company's 125th anniversary. Sloane is known to lovers of Americana as an artist and author who brought to life many forgotten customs and skills of past generations. In all, Sloane authored and illustrated over 38 books.
The Sloane-Stanley Museum is located in Kent, Connecticut on Route 7 (31 Kent-Cornwall Road) just north of the village of Kent and the intersection of Route 7 and 341. The museum is open from Wednesday through Sunday, from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm. Regular admission: Adults $4.00, Senior Citizens, $3.00, Children 6 to 17 $2.50.
The Connecticut Commission on Culture & Tourism brings together tourism, film, history and the arts. Its mission is to preserve and promote Connecticut's cultural and tourism assets in order to enhance the quality of life and economic vitality of the state.
Connecticut Commission on Culture & Tourism
Historic Preservation & Museum Division


Ancient forest found preserved under Gulf of Mexico waters
 | July 9, 2013 at 6:10 PM
MOBILE, Ala., July 9 (UPI) -- Scuba divers say they've discovered an ancient forest of Bald Cypress trees preserved underwater in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Alabama.
The forest, covered by ocean sediments and preserved in an oxygen-free environment for more than 50,000 years, was likely exposed by 2005's Hurricane Katrina, Ben Raines, one of the first divers to explore the forest, told The forest of well-preserved trees covers an area of a half square mile off the coast of Mobile, Ala., at a depth of about 60 feet.
The trees could contain thousands of years of climate history for the region in their growth rings and reveal secrets about the climate of the Gulf of Mexico thousands of years ago, during a period known as the Wisconsin Glacial period, when sea levels were much lower than they are today, Grant Harley at the University of Southern Mississippi said.
Bald Cypress trees can live 1,000 years, he said.
"These stumps are so big, they're upwards of two meters (6 feet) in diameter --- the size of trucks," Harley said. "They probably contain thousands of growth rings."
Now that it's been uncovered the forest will eventually be destroyed by wood-burrowing marine animals, making it impossible to perform radiocarbon dating, Harley said.
Since being uncovered the forest has attracted fish, crustaceans, sea anemones and other underwater life burrowing between the roots of dislodged stumps, researchers said.