text:
As of July 1, 2001, the Idaho Safe Haven Act protects abandoned infants. This law is intended to provide a safe alternative for parents who otherwise might abandon their babies.
A safe haven is authorized by law to accept a baby less than 30 days of age, directly from a parent, without identifying the parent. The parent is not required to provide any information to the safe haven, but may volunteer medical or other information. The parent remains anonymous and will not be prosecuted for child neglect or abandonment.
The law specifically identifies the following safe havens:
The safe haven will:


text:
Education is felt to be very important in Togo. The Togolese government has built primary
schools all over the country, and 70% of children in Togo spend at least five years in
primary education. The authorities would like to provide free schooling, but do not have
enough money, so parents have to pay fees. The annual cost per child is around £15, a
considerable sum in a country where unemployment levels are very high, wages are low and
people may go for months without receiving their wages. Many thousands of Togolese parents
cannot afford to send their children to school.
Most of the schools in Togo are state schools, but
there are also private schools, run by Christian or Islamic organisations, or by
individuals (usually former teachers). Some of the private schools in Lomé have excellent
facilities and provide a first-rate education.
The secondary schools in Togo follow a
similar curriculum to those in France and French is the language used in school (at
primary level children are taught in French and the local tribal language). Only a small
proportion of Togolese children go to high school.
Most of the schools in Togo have little in
the way of equipment, no electricity, and the language spoken in the classroom is the
second or even third language for most children. Despite these difficulties, literacy
rates are among the highest in Africa.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Jiu-Jitsu: Turning Anger into Confidence
On September 4th, 2019, The First Guild (TFG) co-founder, Lana David interviewed a 30-year Jiu-Jitsu black belt and master instructor Gerson Sanginitto, owner of Gerson Sanginitto Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Academy in Culver City, CA.
Gerson Sanginitto Brazilian Jiu Jitsu Academy in Culver City - Black Belt Ceremony - Gerson is in the center of the group in blue uniform.
Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) is one of the fastest growing martial arts in the world. The benefits you can gain from BJJ are both physical and mental.
Lana is the one of the developers of Project: The First Guild (TFG), a large scale community project targeted to help young people with difficulty in the traditional educational system, to acquire the mental, emotional and entrepreneurial skills necessary to make a successful transition from youth to adulthood.
Project: TFG aims to reach youth coping with a good deal of anger, frustration, confusion and anxiety – a range of behaviors that need to be addressed beyond just verbal communication.
Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu is a proven system that can help to detox and re-channel such energy constructively.
BJJ is a major educational component of Project: TFG and we are honored to have Gerson as our Community Partner.
Gerson Sanginitto Brazilian Jiu Jitsu Academy in Culver City
Lana: Our program candidates are foster youth coping with a good deal of anger, frustration, confusion and anxiety often caused by distressing life circumstances. How can Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu help them go beyond the trauma and succeed in life? Could you provide examples.
Gerson: Here is a good example. I am 5 feet 2 inches tall. I was always the smallest in my school. If you are small, if you are the skinny one, usually someone is going to bully you, that's how it goes.
Nothing changed from my time. My daughter is now 11. She's just going to middle school and I told her, hey, it's the same when I was 11. She started to train in BJJ when she was four, I was lucky to start when I was seven years old.
Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu was created not to make the strong, stronger, it was was created to give the opportunity to the weak person fight a strong person.
Gerson Sanginitto Brazilian Jiu Jitsu Academy in Culver City - Gerson's Students
Lana: Project TFG is all about building a strong identity, which we believe is the foundation for success in life. How does BJJ relate to identity formation?
Gerson: It translates completely to identity. People come here and they cannot look me in my eyes. And you can see that their self esteem is very low because life is put them down somehow.
I was just talking to one of my students who is a higher belt here. I remember him one year ago. He changed completely. You see how he's acting now – he stands up, he looks into your eyes, he talks to you like a man, he demands respect, he gives respect. He's not like that guy that he was a year ago who could not look into my eyes and looked to the side when I ask him a question.
Gerson Sanginitto Brazilian Jiu Jitsu Academy in Culver City - Gerson is in the center of the group in blue shorts.
Lana: What is the advantage of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu over other forms of martial arts?
Gerson: In my opinion, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu is the closest martial art to reality. I'm not talking less about other martial arts such as strike martial arts. To me this is one of the most important points of BJJ, it is the closest to reality than other martial arts.
BJJ fighting is closest to the street situation. It's going to be completely the same if someone attacks you on the street. You are not going to feel overwhelmed.That's what we do here every day. You defend yourself every day, fighting every single day.
There are situations with Jiu Jitsu that you feel completely uncomfortable. You cannot breathe well and there is someone bigger is stronger than you on top, trying to suffocate you and make you tap** by a choke hold or joint lock and you still find the strength to survive and get out there. That goes to each day of your life. It's not just the physical aspect. Most important is the mental aspect, that makes you stronger. (** to "tap" is to demonstrate submission and terminate the sparring session).
Video taken on 4/28/18: Gerson Sanginitto Brazilian Jiu Jitsu Academy in Culver City – Tarjei Hass (in white uniform ) will assist Gerson in training students of "project: The First Guild" Read our blog post: "Interview with Tarjei Hass: Why Jiu-Jitsu?"
Lana: I read that BJJ discourages an athlete from attacking an unaware or unprepared person. What is the philosophy behind this?
Gerson: If I tell you to go to that bag every single day and punch it 500 times as hard as you can – first day, first week, first month. you're not going to punch 500 times. After a year you are going to punch that bag 500 times very strong. If something happens and you need to defend yourself, the first thing you're going to do is to punch the person in the face. If I don't teach you anything and you have the anger in you and someone comes and attacks you first, you're gonna try to kick and punch the person.
In Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu we teach you how to defend yourself without harm to the other person, stop that person, control that person. Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu teaches you being in control without anger. Fear makes you do a lot of bad things, but when you don't have that fear inside of you, when you know that you can just defend yourself from someone, you're not going to hurt a person…. unless you have to.
So when you don't have that fear inside of you, when your confidence is up, the fear goes down… the complete opposite direction.
Gerson Sanginitto Brazilian Jiu Jitsu Academy in Culver City - Gerson's Students training
Lana: I read that Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu athletes are strictly discouraged from using techniques that aim at injuring the opponent. Athletes are responsible for the safety of their opponent. Could you comment on this.
Gerson: Exactly. Because we need each other. We become a family and not just here. If you're trained in Jiu Jitsu, you're gonna be well received at any place on this planet.
Also there is the philosophy of the martial arts – we teach respect and good values in general. Respect each other, respect yourself.
I keep joking with my students, but I'm serious: "Jiu Jitsu is like life. Some days you lose, some days you win. You have to know how to lose. You lose and win with grace. You know, everyone wants to win. What you have to do is to prepare to be the winner, that's the thing."
And not just that. We teach dedication, we teach discipline, we teach hierarchy. We have the rank of 5 belts: white, blue, purple, brown, and black. You start with a white belt moving to blue. So why to move to everybody. Blue moves to purple, brown, and black. Purple moves to brown, and black. And that's how you start to understand hierarchy and respect for a higher rank, somebody who's been doing this for much longer than you.
I've been training my whole life since I was seven years old. Next month I'll be 54 and I'm feeling like I'm 34 I'm not kidding. You see my fingers were all broken and I have a pride of this because that shows my work. I don't just sell JJ to those guys. I sell a lifestyle. This is a lifestyle.
Gerson BJJ
Lana: Could you elaborate on what you mean by "Lifestyle" and give examples. Also how quickly can someone get results in Jiu-Jitsu?
Gerson: A young guy about 40 years old who is a CEO of a company just signed with me three weeks ago. This guy told me when he came: "look, I need something because I'm going crazy with work. I heard a lot about Jiu-Jitsu, I have friends who talk a lot about JJ with me. So finally I decided to try."
I said: "We offer two free classes. Try and see if you're like it."
Last Monday, he came after the roll* to me and said: "man, thank you very much! It's only been three weeks, but it's already changed my life." (* "roll" or "rolling" is a form of 'sparring', a way for students to test their skills and abilities against their teammates).
I said: "Yeah man, you are only 40. In 10 years or less, you're going to be a black belt. And it is a journey that will never stop. This journey for me will stop when I die."
And you know, it's very powerful because it gives you power. And this why you don't need to prove or show your power. It is the way you feel.
Here is another example: One day came here a big guy, maybe six-foot


Halau hula
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A hālau hula is a school in which the ancient Hawaiian dance form called hula is taught. The term comes from hālau, a workshed, and hula, the traditional dance of the Hawaiian Islands. Prior to European contact, the Hawaiian language had no word for "school," as children learned from their parents, aunts, uncles, and elders. Children who showed promise in a specialized art or craft would be apprenticed to a master and work in the master's hālau. School, as a specialized place of instruction, did not exist in Hawai'i prior to the arrival of Christian missionaries.
In ancient times, students joining a hālau hula would be dedicated solely to the study of hula for the duration of their training. Their families would provide maintenance for the support of the hālau. Today, students have set hours for study at the hālau, and often pay monthly dues to help the kumu, roughly "headmaster" of the hālau with support and maintenance.
There is great variation between hālau. Some focus primarily on ancient styles of hula, others on modern styles, and some study both. Some hālau continue to preserve very strict kapu, sacred protocols, while others are noa, or free of kapu. The styles of hula taught in different hālau also can vary greatly. Styles are passed down from kumu to haumana, and knowledgeable students of hula can tell which hula lineage is represented by watching the dancer's presentation.
Location of hālau also can vary widely, from the garage of the kumu's home to community centers to the lawns of parks, hālau hula can be found dancing wherever there is space and interested students.
Internal Structure of Hālau Hula[edit]
Internal structure of hālau also can vary quite a bit, but in general a hālau hula is led by a kumu hula. The position is roughly equivalent to that of headmaster of a private school. The kumu is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the style and traditions handed down by the kumu's own kumu. The kumu is responsible for the spiritual integrity of the hālau, and the kumu is responsible to instruct the students to properly care for their own physical well being by teaching good exercise, dietary, and hygienic practices through instruction and example.
The po'o pua'a, or head student, is often the kumu's protégé, and under the direction of the kumu oversees the protocols and rituals of the hālau.
The 'alaka'i, "guides," act as teaching assistants. The more advanced 'alaka'i are effectively student teachers. 'Alaka'i often will assist less experienced haumana with their lessons, and coach them with the more difficult steps and moves.
Kokua, helpers, assist in a variety of areas, from lei making, to helping other haumana dress, to making the phone calls, doing fund raising, and helping the 'alaka'i to coach less experienced students.
Haumana, the students, range in age from toddlers to senior citizens.
In ancient times, halau hula training was strict. Haumana were put on kapu or forbidden rules of conduct which banned the cutting of hair and the practicing of any kind of sexual activity. Presently halau hula each have their own set of rules for their haumana. Many halau hula today still enforce the ancient kapu of cutting one's hair.
Each year, the Merrie Monarch Festival is held in Hilo, where the distinctive style of each hālau can be seen.
Four basic steps are commonly used in all halau hula. The kaholo, or travel step usually consists of four beats. This step is probably one of the most common, especially for beginning students of hula, when a mele or song is danced. The kaholo is often the dance step used during the "vamp," musical measures between the verses of songs.
The hela is a step occupying a one beat count and requires one to point out one foot at a time in front of one's body. The foot slides forward just above, and parallel to, the ground in a graceful point.
The 'uehe is done by lifting and setting back one foot then elevating both heels and pushing the knees forward rapidly. Depending on the style of 'uehe, the knees may move straight forward or at angles of up to 45 degrees from the center line. The lifted foot alternates.
The ami requires the dancer to rotate his or her hips in an elliptical motion while keeping both feet firmly planted on the ground.
Each of the steps has many variants.
All of the basic steps in hula require the shoulders to remain steady and both knees to be in a bent position at all times.
Notable halau hula[edit]
 - Halau Na Mamo O Pu'uanahulu, Kumu Hula Sonny Ching (Honolulu)
 - Halau Na Meakanu O Laka O Hawai'i, Kumu Rolanda Mohala Valentin Reese (Los Angeles, CA) _URL_, _URL_
 - Halau Hula Olana, Kumu Hula Howard and Olana Ai (Pearl City, Hawaii)
 - Hula Halau 'O Kamuela, Kumu Hula Kunewa Mook and Kaui Kamana'o (Kalihi/Waimanalo, Hawaii)
 - Hålau Nå Mamo O Pana'ewa, Kumu Hula Keoki Wang (Los Angeles, CA) _URL_
 - Na Lei 'O Kaholoku, Kumu Hula Nani Lim Yap and Leialoha Amina (Kohala, Hawaii)
 - Halau Hula Moani'a'ala Anuhea, Kumu Hula Christina Nani Aiu-Quezada (Monterey Park, CA)
 - Halau Mohala 'Ilima, Kumu Hula Mapuana de Silva (Ka'ohao, Kailua, Hawaii)
 - Halau Hula a Kawika laua 'o Leinani, Kumu Hula Kawika Viloria and Leinani Viloria (Los Angeles)
 - Keali'i 'O Nalani, Kumu Hula Keali'i Ceballos (Los Angeles)
 - Aloha 'Aina, Kumu Hula Verena Kainz (Salzburg, Austria)
 - Na Lei Hulu I Ka Wekiu, Kumu Patrick Makuakane (San Francisco, CA)
 - Halau Hula Na Pua O Ka La'akea, Kumu Shawna Alapa'i (San Rafael, CA)
 - Hālau Hula O Malulani, Kumu Hula Kapena Malulani Perez (San Diego, CA.)
 - Halau O' Makani Kai Polynesian Dance Troupe (San Diego, CA)
 - Academy of Hawaiian Arts, Kumu Mark Keali'i Ho'omalu (Oakland, CA)
 - Hula Halau O Lilino'e, Kumu Sissy Kaio (Carson, CA)
_URL_ Hula Page
_URL_ Essay 1
_URL_ Essay 2


"Add powdered moonstone, stir three times counter-clockwise, allow to simmer for seven minutes then add two drops of syrup of hellebore."
-- Instructions for the Draught of Peace on Snape's blackboard (OP12)
Hellebore is a mundane flowering plant used in some potions.
 - A potion ingredient in the form of a syrup, two drops of which are used in the making of the Draught of Peace (OP12).
 - Hellebore was the ingredient which Harry forgot to put in his Draught of Peace.
 - According to Snape, often included on the O.W.L. exams (OP12)
Potions Connection
Important ingredient in the Draught of Peace
Greek 'elein' (to injure) and 'bora' (food)
There are several kinds of hellebore. The name comes from the Greek words 'elein' (to injure) and 'bora' (food), indicating that hellebore is poisonous. In some belief systems, it's been believed to be a purgative, sometimes of bad things generally, used for things like protecting livestock from evil spells, and (in powdered form) for invisibility.
According to herb lore, the roots of the hellebore plant are are used to treat melancholy diseases and madness.
The original name for Hellebore was " Melampodium." According to the Greek historian Pliny, the plant was named for the soothsayer Melampus who used it to cure depression in ancient times. On a happier note and in spite of poisonous nature of the plant, it is often called the "Christmas Rose" or "Christ herbe" because it blooms in winter. source: Botanical.com
Pensieve (Comments)
Tags: flower ingredients mist plant plants silver


14 thoughts on the death of a sex robot
Some questions arising from the death of a robot in Austria.
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An artificial robot designed to stimulate the experience of sex with a woman has had to be repaired after hours of being groped and fondled at a convention in Austria. I have…questions.
 1. Didn't this all occur in a public space?
 2. I mean, even before you get into how essentially creepy the whole thing is, did this literally happen in public?
 3. Did men queue to do this?
 4. Was there a literal queue of men waiting to grope the sex robot?
 5. Did they make small talk in the queue?
 6. What was the small talk about?
 7. Did it relate to the matter in hand, as it were, or did they range across other topics?
 8. Were friendships formed as men discovered they shared an interest in the work of Martin Amis or the Red Hot Chili Peppers as well as fondling robots?
 9. Did they talk about their jobs?
 10. Were business cards exchanged?
 11. According to reports, the robot had to be sent back for repairs in a parcel, and some of its fingers were broken. Seriously, what?
 12. There was…fluid in the robot. Can I repeat my questions about a public space, in front of other people.
 13. Didn't anyone notice that the robot was in distress?
 14. Are we the baddies?
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Email / Google Account Student Sign In (for Classroom and Home)
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
I'm writing a technical report and I want to emphasize that each sample that I have stored in a buffer has been collected before the following one. Can I say,
The samples from the buffer are known to have been captured consecutively in time?
share|improve this question
7 Answers 7
up vote 11 down vote accepted
Sounds redundant to me. I'd put a period after "consecutively". Alternatively, you might try "in chronological order".
share|improve this answer
'In chronological order' does not mean the same as consecutively. A series of events can occur in chronological order, without being consecutive. – Dancrumb Apr 6 '11 at 16:05
_USER_: If a series of events are consecutive then they are also chronological, no? So, consecutive would be a more restrictive term than chronological? – MrHen Apr 6 '11 at 17:10
"Consecutively" implies some higher density; an ordering without gaps. The numbers [1, 2, 5] are not consecutive, but are in order. If I read that a list of samples were consecutive, I would assume that the list presented is all samples at some maximum sampling precision. (Either way, it is grammatical.) – user2400 Apr 6 '11 at 19:12
_USER_: Yes; I just wanted to make the point that 'consecutively' and 'in chronological order' are not equivalent, in case Jal is not a native speaker. – Dancrumb Apr 6 '11 at 21:38
I cannot definitively say that consecutively in time is incorrect, but the phrasing is awkward, at best. I would suggest the good old simple expression, one after other. More formally, you could also say, in succession:
 - The samples from the buffer are known to have been captured one after the other.
 - The samples from the buffer are known to have been captured in succession.
share|improve this answer
I think consecutively should suffice; it's as if the 'in time' is an inelegant hint as to what consecutively actually means, to those who aren't sure.
share|improve this answer
I think you could easily use the word, "sequentially."
From dictionary.com
se·quen·tial [si-kwen-shuhl]
1. characterized by regular sequence of parts.
2. following; subsequent; consequent.
share|improve this answer
Well, it could be used to make a distinction if the word were also serving other meanings:
con·sec·u·tive (kn-sky-tv) adj.
 1. Following one after another without interruption; successive: was absent on three consecutive days; won five consecutive games on the road.
 2. Marked by logical sequence.
 3. Grammar Expressing consequence or result: a consecutive clause.
From theFreeOnlineDictionary
If you had just used the word in its logical or grammatical sense, you might add "in time" if you then wanted to be clear about which version a chronological statement was serving.
share|improve this answer
Unless you are able to break a fundamental law of physics, consecutively in time is redundant.
If this is a technical report and you're discussing buffers, then your audience should/will probably understand FIFO.
A queue is FIFO, a stack is LIFO.
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Just one word: successively.
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
Let's have a simple code as below
public class Sandbox {
 public static void run(String[] args) {
 int i = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
 int j = i+1;
This will print output
Value at j is overlowed without any notice to me when the code is executed.
I use Netbeans IDE to run this code.
Is it possible to configure the system to notify us when such arithmetic overflow occurs?
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You have to use if-else for this, to check for overflow manually.. Also,you have to create your own exeption. – Rohit Jain Oct 14 '12 at 7:45
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2 Answers
up vote 3 down vote accepted
See the last sentence in the Java Language Specification (Chapter 15.18.2. Additive Operators (+ and -) for Numeric Types) :
Despite the fact that overflow, underflow, or loss of information may occur, evaluation of a numeric additive operator never throws a runtime exception.
For a lengthy article on this problem and the presentation of a tool for workaround see the article Signalling Integer Overflows in Java.
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add comment
As Rohit Jain mentioned, you have to check it manually, something like this:
if ( j < Integer.MIN_VALUE || j> Integer.MAX_VALUE )
 throw new RuntimeException("Underflow/Overflow occured");
However, if the fluctuation becomes so high that the result comes back in the range, it will not be caught.
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text:
Generating Application UI from Dynamic Data
Recently we've been asked by multiple customers how they can dynamically control the generation of forms and views based on some data that is determined at runtime.
For example, here are a couple of slightly different scenarios we've been asked about:
- How can I use runtime metadata to control all the rich behavior of form fields, including things like formatting, validation, visibility, UI type (drop-down vs text field vs radio buttons, etc.)?
- How can I create a single application model that generates many different variations based on data structures that are defined at runtime, for example in a database containing metadata describing the fields for the application?
Developers familiar with Web Experience Factory have seen that application UI is typically built at design time using a schema-driven approach. The schema is used to generate a set of page fields, and the Data Field Settings builder or Rich Data Definition builder can then control all the field behavior. For the scenarios above, in order to change the inputs that control this code generation at runtime, you need to use the profiling feature of Web Experience Factory. For portlets, you can tie profiling to portlet preferences which are configured at runtime in the Edit, Edit Shared Settings, and Configure modes. But what may not be obvious is how you can get profile data dynamically at runtime from some other data source, for example from a database or web service.
The answer is with a Profile Values Handler. When you edit a Profile Set, one of the tabbed screens is for "Select Handler." Here you can specify a "Value Setter" Java class that will be called to determine all the profile values for a profile set. Whenever a model is first executed in a session, the Factory engine will call your handler to get the profile values before the model is regenerated.
There's one more useful feature available when implementing this. The Profile Values Handler is a Java class, but suppose you'd like to use some of the Web Experience Factory connectors to retrieve your profile data. For this, you can actually call a Method or Action List in any model from your handler. To do this, use the ModelInstanceCreator object that's passed into your handler to obtain a WebAppAccess object for any model (but not the model that's profiled). Then you can call any method in the model. The method you call should return the profile data, typically String or IXml. It's that simple! In the model you're calling from your handler, you can use any data access builders such as the SQL builders or the REST or Web service builders.
With this mechanism in place, you can use profiling however you want in your models. For scenario #1 above, you would probably have a single profile entry containing a chunk of XML data, and you would use the data to drive an XML input of Rich Data Definition or Data Field Settings. Scenario #2 is more complex, since you have to profile the builder inputs that control the schema generation. In other scenarios you might profile a number of individual String values, using the profile entry name to locate values in your database for example.
We don't yet have a complete sample of these techniques posted on the wiki, but there is a sample showing a profile values handler that gets profile values from a properties file. See below for a link to this sample, which also shows how you can select a profile name from a properties file. This sample could be easily modified to retrieve profile values by calling an action in another model using ModelInstanceCreator.
Hopefully this gives a high-level picture of how you can leverage the flexibility and extensibility of the Web Experience Factory engine in order to implement some very dynamic code generation scenarios. From the very first release of the product, we've tried to make sure that the code generation framework is very extensible and flexible so that you can adapt it to all sorts of needs.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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I'm developing a sinatra app, and I'd like to test it using cucumber and watir. My problem is that I'm not sure how to set up my env.rb file to run the sinatra app, all the examples I've found use webrat or capybara or something else that isn't watir. Is there a way to start my sinatra app from cucumber without using webrat or another testing framework that isn't watir, or should I just start my sinatra app manually before running my tests?
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1 Answer 1
up vote 1 down vote accepted
env.rb executes an arbitrary Ruby code as a part of Cucumber setup, so you should be able to start your app or do whatever else you need. Try:
require 'YourApp'
Having said that, it might not be the most logical place to do. An automated build cycle for a web app usually consists of the following steps:
 1. Build: compile, copy necessary files, package a binary, etc.
 2. Run unit tests
 3. Deploy: put the application on a target server
 4. Run integration/feature tests
Cucumber and Watir are all about Step 4; therefore, env.rb usually starts a browser. What you are trying to do belongs logically in Step 3, IMHO.
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text:
- Free standard delivery
- Best price guaranteed
- Fast same-day shipping
- Over 20 years experience
- Family-run business
|Format (Paperback, Hardback etc)||Paperback|
The 4th edition of Plumbing continues to provide the definitive single volume text on plumbing, heating and gas installation work, ideal for students working towards their Diploma in plumbing or NVQ/SVQ at levels 2 and 3. Highly illustrated and easy to read and understand, it tackles plumbing topic by topic, in double page spreads with text, full colour illustrations, and clear photographs, enabling the reader to grasp the essentials quickly and easily. This approach ensures it also provides a concise reference for the trained plumber.
Special features include:
- concise text
- many clear, full colour illustrations
- around 140 photographs
- topics focussed on the needs of NVQ/SVQ levels 2 and 3
- additional topics beyond levels 2 and 3
- a self-assessment section
- a problem-solving section.
This new edition has been thoroughly updated to take account of changes to the Building Regulations, including changes to the following approved documents: Part F: Ventilation; Part G: Sanitation, hot water safety and water efficiency; Part H: Drainage and waste disposal; Part L: Conservation of fuel and power and Part P: Electrical safety. A significant new section on energy conservation & sustainability has been added, and additional related material introduced where relevant. The extensive coverage with new, full colour illustrations to enhance legibility and understanding, and the emphasis on safety in the work place ensure this remains the definitive single volume for both student and trained plumbers.


Questions related to Suspend Mode, which is a special low-power mode often used on laptops that preserves the contents of RAM while using less power than normal. Questions related to suspending to disk should use the [hibernate] tag.
Suspend (to RAM) is a power saving mode. The machine state is held in RAM with the minimum of power needed to preserve all data. When the user wants to continue the session, they should be able to resume from suspend instantly.
Many laptops activate suspend mode automatically when the lid is closed while running on battery, or can be configured to do so. Suspend can also be activated through a GUI button or on the command line - for example, in versions of Ubuntu that use systemd, such as 16.04, suspend can be activated using the systemctl interface
A related tag is which refers to the open standard for power management interfaces. Suspend as defined by ACPI is "S3"


text:
|Reference : Accounting for coherence in wind forces in finite element models|
|Scientific congresses and symposiums : Paper published in a book|
|Engineering, computing & technology : Civil engineering|
|Accounting for coherence in wind forces in finite element models|
|Denoël, Vincent [Université de Liège - ULg > Département Argenco : Secteur MS2F > Mécanique des solides >]|
|Proceedings of the Eurodyn 2005 Conference|
|September 4-7, 2005|
|[en] The behaviour of civil engineering structures subjected to wind forces is generally approached
by means of finite element models. These numerical models are necessary since the shape of the structure as well as the representation of the applied forces are difficult to handle in closed forms.
In stochastic dynamic analyses, the coherence of the applied forces – in this context coming from the wind flow – is represented by the off-diagonal terms in the power spectral density matrix. This matrix is obtained by assembling elementary matrices, each of them corresponding to a stochastically loaded finite element.
Even though the unique rigorous approach is not so complicated, simplified formulations are generally used to set up these elementary matrices. These simplifications result in a bad estimation of the high frequency content of the applied forces. Comparing these approached power spectral density's to the actual ones enables to determine numerical admittance functions which allow correcting the bad estimation of the forces. This paper presents several finite element formulations for the estimation of the applied forces and derives the corresponding expressions of the numerical admittance functions.
|Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Communauté française de Belgique) - F.R.S.-FNRS|
|Researchers ; Professionals|
|File(s) associated to this reference|
All documents in ORBi are protected by a user license.


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Previous Bayesian phylogeographic studies of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) explored the origin and spread of the epidemic from China into Russia, indicating that HPAIV circulated in Russia prior to its detection there in 2005. In this study, we extend this research to explore the evolution and spread of HPAIV within Europe during the 2005–2010 epidemic, using all available sequences of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene regions that were collected in Europe and Russia during the outbreak. We use discrete-trait phylodynamic models within a Bayesian statistical framework to explore the evolution of HPAIV. Our results indicate that the genetic diversity and effective population size of HPAIV peaked between mid-2005 and early 2006, followed by drastic decline in 2007, which coincides with the end of the epidemic in Europe. Our results also suggest that domestic birds were the most likely source of the spread of the virus from Russia into Europe. Additionally, estimates of viral dispersal routes indicate that Russia, Romania, and Germany were key epicenters of these outbreaks. Our study quantifies the dynamics of a major European HPAIV pandemic and substantiates the ability of phylodynamic models to improve molecular surveillance of novel AIVs.
Bibliographical notePublisher Copyright:
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
- Bayesian inference
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza
- Phylodynamic models


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Markup Validation in Visual Studio
When you edit markup in the Visual Studio Web designer (for Web Forms pages, in Source view), the editor checks that the markup is valid. Markup validation works like the spelling checker in a word-processing program. The editor examines the markup and adds wavy red lines under the elements or attributes that are not valid.
The editor determines what is valid based on the currently selected validation schema. For example, if you set the schema to HTML5, the editor compares the markup in your page against the schema that defines a valid HTML5 page. If you change the schema to XHTML5, the editor checks the markup in your page against the XHTML5 schema.
A validation error does not prevent the page from running. It simply provides you with feedback that the markup in the page does not conform to the schema for the chosen markup language.
Visual Studio includes schemas for standards such as HTML5, XHTML5, HTML 4.01, and XHTML 1.1. You can let Visual Studio determine the schema based on the DOCTYPE value in the page. Alternatively, you can select a schema from the drop-down list in the HTML Source Editing toolbar. You can also select a default validation schema in the Options dialog box.
The editor shows you validation errors in the following ways:
 - Underlined elements Elements or attributes that are invalid are underlined with wavy lines.
 - Tooltips If you hold the mouse pointer over an element underlined with a wavy line, a tooltip displays details about the error.
 - Error List If you have the Error List window open, you can see a list of all the validation errors (as warnings). To open the Error List window, choose View, and then choose Error List. To open the list from the keyboard, type Ctrl+\ and then type E. Double-clicking an error in the Error List window takes you directly to the error in the editor.
Markup validation checks for the following:
 - Allowed tags Some browser schemas support tags that are not allowed in others. For example, the tag is supported only in Netscape browsers, so this tag is marked as invalid in other schemas.
 - Allowed attributes Validation checks that the attributes in an element are allowed for that element.
 - Required attributes Validation checks that any required attributes are included. For example, in XHTML 1.1, the


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DC fan speed can be controlled in order to optimize cooling, reduce noise
and decrease system power draw. There are various methods of controlling
fan speed. (Please place the mouse cursor over each item
to show a diagram)
Temperature Detecting Variable
2-speed DC Fan Motor
Customized two speed fans are available from Minebea. The high and low
speed may be specified by the customer. The low end operating speed is
fixed in order to reduce noise and lower power consumption.
External connection of 2-speed DC fan motor (Example)
Control by relay contact
Control by transistor
Switch-over of fan speed S.W. OFF :
LOW SPEED,,ON : HI SPEED
Temperature detecting variable speed DC fan
The RPM is automatically controlled and synchronized with temperature variation
by installing a thermistor.
Connection diagram (Example)
Speed variation is enabled by varying the control voltage (0 to 6V) between
the Signal wire and ground.
PWM Control DC fan
In PWM speed control, a fixed frequency square wave is applied to the speed
control leadwire of the fan. The ratio of on time vs off time (duty cycle),
is directly proportional to the speed of the fan.
Correct Signal Connection:
Correct signal connection is important to prevent damage to the internal
fan IC. Connection should be designed as shown below:


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If you are under the impression that your severely damaged car is no more of use then you are absolutely wrong. You would become glad to know that even these cars can be sold out in the market and buyers are available to purchase the same too. However, these cars are known as salvage car. Though selling your salvage car can be a little risky but it is legal and hence, you can proceed to auctioning without any hesitation. If you bid for your car then you will be able to see how various kinds of cars are being auctioned at the salvage car auctions program.
What is a salvage car?
Before getting into the details of how selling your salvage car is possible it is important for you to have a clear idea about the definition of a car that has salvage title. The cars that have any one of the features mentioned below can be described as salvaged cars:
- A car 75% of which is damaged or has no value
- A car is so severely damaged that its repairing costs are higher than the value of the vehicle itself
- A car that was either stolen or lost and now has been recovered after a long time
- A car which was in past a reason behind a dreadful accident or any other similar sorts of collisions
- A car that is now damaged due to a natural disaster took place like floods etc.
- If the car is repossessed by someone else preferable a financial institution due to the previous owner's inability to pay
What buyers look for in a salvaged car?
- Buyers check the following points very carefully before purchasing a salvaged car from the previous owner or a financial institution:
- First of all, which are the car parts damaged or completely ruined
- Secondly, whether the salvage title given to a particular is justified depending on its condition or not
- Sometimes they may even ask for a Car-Fax report. Though these reports do not contain all the valuable data but most of the information required by a buyer is available in it.
- Obtaining a qualified inspection is another important task performed by all the buyers.
What the sellers should do before bidding?
Selling your salvage car means you are dealing with a damaged vehicle. Hence, it is important to remain aware of the essential facts associated with the same. Being a responsible and honest seller, it is your responsibility to let your buyer know everything related to the condition of your car and the parts individually. For that the first thing you would need to do is learning about the basic things like what are those things that your state would want you to provide them. Each state has their own rules and regulation and being a devoted citizen you must abide by the same. Usually all states ask the sellers to submit a written notice so that a prospective buyer (if there is any) becomes alert of it.
There are four simple steps following which you can sell your salvaged car properly –
- Let the government do a lien search for your salvaged car – contacting the state's department of motor vehicles (DMV) you would need to provide a representative the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) of your car.
- Price should be a justified amount – after making an extensive research of the value of your car you should fix the price for the same.
- Give advertisement – negotiating a sale can be done in the best way through advertisements. Give ad of your car in the classified sections of newspapers and auto magazines where details of such junk and salvaged are given usually.
- Have a conversation with the interested buyers – it is natural that the buyers would declare an amount as low as possible. However, keeping in mind your price you should negotiate until they offer something close to the price you have asked for.


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Stress Relief during Dorian
Looking for stress relief with Hurricane Dorian bearing down on us? Check out the video. Unfortunately we have to close the studio down for a couple of days due to the weather and want you to stay safe. For the time being I wanted to share a breathing technique called Alternate Nostril breathing – Nadi Shodhana. It is a simple technique that can be performed by anyone at any time and helps lower stress in the body, hence stress relief. It also helps clear the cobwebs and makes you feel good at the same time!
How to do alternate nostril breathing for stress relief:
This particular breathing technique can calm your nerves or give you energy – depending on how you regulate your breath. In our case we are looking to calm the body and soothe our nerves, so we want to make sure that our exhales are always longer than the inhales!
 1. Start out with the right thumb closing the right nostril, and take a deep inhale through the left nostril. Count to 4 or 5, whatever feels natural to you.
 2. Close the left nostril with your ring and pinkie fingers, suspend the breath for a second or two, and then exhale out of the right nostril counting to 6 or 7 (a number longer than your inhale). Then inhale again through the right nostril to a count of 4 or 5.
 3. Close the right nostril, suspend your breath, open the left nostril and exhale through the left nostril (longer count then the inhale). Then, inhale again through the left nostril for a count of 4 or 5.
 4. Close the left nostril, suspend your breath, open the right nostril and exhale long then the inhale.
I think you may be getting the hang of this now. The goal is to first exhale through the nostril, then inhale again. Then switch to the other nostril, exhale and then inhale and so on. In the beginning you may only do one minute. That is perfectly ok. As you practice this, you can increase the time spent nostril breathing to 5, 10 or even 15 minutes. Pranayama (breathing) is a great daily practice.
Use this technique anytime
In our case, we are looking for stress relief. You can use this breathing technique anytime, before a stressful situation like an exam or job interview or when you have a hard time falling asleep at night. Over time, you will naturally be able to increase the counts for your inhale, the count how long you suspend your breath and the counts for the exhale. So your inhale could be 8 counts, suspend 6 counts and exhale 12 counts. Try this during the hurricane to help calm the nerves and let me know if it helped you relief stress 🙂
Stay Safe, Namaste
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Relief Stress w Nadi Shodhana


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Understand includes a PERL API which allows you to directly query the Understand database. If you want to create your own report, or gather information in a manner that we didn't foresee in Understand, you can access the information yourself via the API. The API can be accessed in several different ways: most of the scripts are designed to be run from Understand's GUI on the currently opened database. They can also be run from the command line, and some plugins are designed to interact directly with Understand.
To run a script from inside of Understand, use Tools->Run a Command, configure any necessary parameters, and hit run. The resulting output can then be double-clicked to visit the referenced source.
Scripts can be run from the command line using uperl, a special PERL executable included in Understand's bin directory. To run a script from the command line, specify the script, the database and any options:
uperl scriptName.pl -db myproject.udb [Options]
So to run this same script from the command line, you could use the following command:
If you would rather access the Understand API from your own customized Perl installation, just add /bin/pc-win32/Perl/STI/Maintain to your Perl include path. On non-Windows systems, you will also need to create an STIHOME environment variable that points to the directory.
Plugins are special Perl scripts written specifically to interact with the Understand GUI. You can quickly tell them apart by the file extension: regular scripts use.pl while plugin scripts use.upl. Plugins give you the power to interact with specific entities inside of Understand, for example you can right click on an entity and run a custom (interactive) report on it, or generate your own graph.
Plugins are installed by placing them in the appropriate folder. Once installed they will show up in the context menu or in the main menu depending on the type of plugin.
Several of the graphs included in Understand are actually plugin scripts as well, including the control flow graph and the butterfly graph. They can be customized, or used as a starting point for creating your own graphs.
The documentation includes some samples. More detailed example scripts are shipped with Understand in the SciTools/scripts/perl folder.


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- International relations
- Comparative politics
- International and comparative political economy
- American politics
- Italian politics
- Comparative tax policy and taxpayer behavior
Peer Reviewed Publications
Going Dutch? The Role of Gender in the Provision of Public Goods through Tax Compliance Forthcoming in the Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics
with David M. Bruner and Sven Steinmo
The existing experimental literature suggests women are more compliant than men when paying taxes but may free ride more when contributing to public goods. It is unclear which effect dominates when paying for public goods through taxation. Experiments conducted in three European countries and the U.S. are used to investigate this issue. The results suggest the compliance effect dominates the free riding effect such that women pay more for public goods, although men are more willing to contribute. Moreover, the data analysis reveals the gender gap in compliance is due to differences in both the extensive and intensive margins.
"Willing to Share? Tax Compliance and Gender in Europe and America." Research & Politics.
with Clara Volintiru and Sven Steinmo.
Studies examining the effects of gender on honesty, deceptive behavior, pro-sociality, and risk aversion, often find significant differences between men and women. The present study contributes to the debate by exploiting one of the largest tax compliance experiments to date in a highly controlled environment conducted in the United States, the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Italy. Our expectation was that the differences between men and women's behavior would correlate broadly with the degree of gender equality in each country. In other words, where social, political and cultural gender equality is greater we expected behavioral differences between men and women to be smaller. In contrast, our evidence reveals that women are significantly more compliant than men in all countries. Furthermore, these patterns are quite consistent across countries in our study. In other words, the difference between men's and women's behavior is not significantly different in more gender neutral countries than in more traditional societies.
Full Text: Willing to Share
Divided Nation: The North-South Cleavage in Italian Tax Compliance in Polity. 2017. 42(1). 69-99.
Full Text – Divided Nation
Are some countries more honest than others? Evidence from a tax compliance experiment in Sweden and Italy
with Giulia Andrighetto, Stefania Ottone, Ferruccio Ponzano, Nan Zhang, and Sven Steinmo in Frontiers in Psychology.
This study examines cultural differences in ordinary dishonesty between Italy and Sweden, two countries with different reputations for trustworthiness and probity. Exploiting a set of cross-cultural tax compliance experiments, we find that the average level of tax evasion (as a measure of ordinary dishonesty) does not differ significantly between Swedes and Italians. However, we also uncover differences in national "styles" of dishonesty. Specifically, while Swedes are more likely to be either completely honest or completely dishonest in their fiscal declarations, Italians are more prone to fudging (i.e. cheating by a small amount). We discuss the implications of these findings for the evolution and enforcement of honesty norms.
"Hegemony or Dominance: A Gramscian Analysis of US Ascendancy." in Critique: A Worldwide Journal of Politics.
Hegemony, for Antonio Gramsci, is the use of consent and coercion in order to establish control over a population or a state. It is this balance between the two that is fundamental to Gramsci's theory. Furthermore, the distinction between two types of intellectuals, traditional and organic, is central to the diffusion of elite ideology and obtaining the consent of the masses. First, this study surveys the various Gramscian and neo-Gramscian literature, which develops the background for my central argument. The following section briefly examines the construction of a "common sense" in America focusing on two fundamental aspects: American exceptionalism and Liberalism. Finally, my study takes a critical look at American policy during the Regan Administration, specifically focusing on Ronald Reagan's ability to assume the role as an intellectual, used in the Gramscian tradition. However, I argue, although Ronald Reagan recaptured the common sense of the American people, manipulation and coercion were instrumental in reestablishing American dominance. Thus, power during the Reagan administration lacked a critical element of hegemony, consent, and can no longer be defined as hegemony in the Gramscian sense.
More Bang for Your Buck: Efficiency, Trust, and Tax Compliance
In the present study, we investigate the relationship between fiscal capacity and tax compliance using the largest tax compliance experiment to date. We argue that tax evasion and compliance are the product of either high-efficiency/high-trust equilibria or a low-efficiency/low-trust equilibria specific to individual countries. To test this, we utilize the experiments conducted in Italy, U.S., U.K., and Sweden. In the first test, we performed a simple public goods game framed within a tax context to uncover that increasing efficiency does indeed increase tax compliance. In a second experiment, we ask participants to actually pay taxes to their national government, pension fund, and fire department. Confirming our prediction, individuals are significantly more likely to pay taxes to institutions that they trust than institutions that they dislike.
What Explains the North-South Gap in Italian Tax Compliance? An Experimental Analysis.
Cross-national social surveys account for tax morale across a wide variety of political cultures. Since tax evasion, by definition, is difficult to estimate, researchers use the size of the underground economy as a core indicator. Only Greece (27.5% of GDP) surpasses Italy (17% of GDP) in the size of its underground economy among Western EU states. Italy's unique history and regional complexity provide researchers with a multitude of case study options in a single country. Using the 2004 Bank of Italy Survey of Household Wealth and Income and controlled tax compliance experiments, I undertake a comparative study assessing the regional effects of social capital and political culture on tax morale in Italy. I demonstrate that Southern Italy is substantively and significantly different than Northern Italy with regards to tax morale, and that social capital and civic culture positively affect tax morale. However, I find no difference when we control the institutional environment in our laboratory setting, suggesting that tax compliance is linked to the institutional environment with which an individual associates.
Mass Preferences on Budget Deficits
Budgets are one of the most important tools politicians have at their disposal. They set out the expected amount of revenue to be collected for the following scal year, as well as the amount of spending. The budget is also a fundamental political tool used to signal to constituents where the government's priorities lie. But government budgets are notstraight forward, parsimonious documents. The are complicated documents with important implications and trade-os. However, the public is rarely presented with the trade-offs that governments must make in order to successfully implement a budget. Governments make trade-os between higher (lower) taxes and more (less) spending or they face larger deficits. This article uses a novel survey experiment, incorporating an interactive budget tool, to examine what drives individual preferences for budget deficits.


careertrend article image
Terry Vine/DigitalVision/GettyImages
Responsibilities of a Nursing Assistant for a Diabetic Patient
Growth Trends for Related Jobs
Nursing assistants work under the supervision of registered nurses and are often the person who is most involved in the day-to-day care of the patient. A nursing assistant may have contact with the diabetic patient in a clinic, in the community, or in a hospital. Much of his role involves monitoring the patient's condition, and helping her to manage it as effectively as possible. The nursing assistant can play a crucial part in helping the person with diabetes to maximize her quality of life.
The nursing assistant together with the RN helps educate and inform the patient about effective diet management. Diet, particularly carbohydrate control, is central to diabetes. Many diabetic patients struggle with this aspect of their condition. Some patients may instinctively reject some of this advice. The nursing assistant can often form a trusting relationship with the patient, where such issues can be discussed in a constructive way.
The nursing assistant monitors all aspects of the diabetic patient's care. She may carry out routine urinalysis, record the results, and immediately report any abnormailitie. The nursing assistant often carries out blood glucose monitoring and reports and records the results. Any changes in the patient's level of consciousness, or behavior will also be noted and reported by the care assistant. Some nursing assistants are trained to assist with insulin pump therapy.
The nursing assistant should be trained to recognize complications and to act immediately, informing the nurse in charge or the physician. The obvious acute complications occur when there is an imbalance between the glucose and insulin levels. Good care can help the patient avoid some of these complication. The nursing assistant should help the patient with hygiene needs, ensuring that he regularly attends the podiatry clinic and has regular eye tests.


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Hydrodynamic and Pollutant Transport Models of Lakes and Coastal Waters
- Ioannis Tsanis
- Jian Wu
- Huihua Shen
- Caterina Valeo
Hydrodynamic and pollutant transport models are useful tools for evaluating remediation options for polluted water bodies. These models span the range from highly theoretical, fine resolution, physically-based designs to lumped, black-box representations of real world phenomena. This book examines the numerical approaches used in hydrodynamic and pollutant transport modeling. First, the theory and physical basis of transport and mixing in lakes and coastal waters are provided. Methodologies that use a three-dimensional (3D) approach to predicting the fate and transport of pollutants are presented and this is followed by a presentation of alternatives to 3D circulation modeling as well as new advances in the field. These alternatives offer near 3D accuracy but without the computational burden. Illustrations of the calibration and verification of these models using laboratory data, as well as, field data are also provided. The models are applied to a diverse array of study sites ranging from The Great Lakes in North America to the coastal areas of Northern Crete.
Civil and Environmental Engineering consulting firms dealing with water quality in lakes and coastal regions; professionals and upper division undergraduate and graduate level Geophysical, Environmental and Civil Engineering students


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Lesson Plans and Worksheets
Browse by Subject
Intersection of sets Teacher Resources
Find teacher approved Intersection of Sets educational resource ideas and activities
Music theory lessons can be very tricky for some people. Children with a basic understanding of musical concepts take on the task of transposing music and identifying scale sets. This would be a good topic to address prior to discussing circle of fifths. The lesson includes sheet music and two worksheets.
In this probability and statistics worksheet, students examine and interpret scatter plots and box-and-whisker plots. They write algebraic equations and solve them. Students match inequalities to their graph. This eleven-page worksheet contains 39 problems. Answers are provided on page eleven.
In this integrated algebra worksheet, learners solve problems covering topics studied during the year. Problems include topics such as slope-intercept, Venn Diagrams, finding the solution to multi-step algebra problems, writing equations parallel and perpendicular to a line, and solving word problems. This 28-page worksheet contains 39 problems.
In this math worksheet, students put numbers into a three circle Venn Diagram. Students are given the numbers that are in each set. The repeated numbers are to be put in the intersections of the circles. Students identify the intersections and unions of sets. The final two problems ask students to draw new Venn diagrams.


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Anomalies in quantum mechanics: The 1/r(2) potential
An anomaly is said to occur when a symmetry that is valid classically becomes broken as a result of quantization. Although most manifestations of this phenomenon are in the context of quantum field theory, there are at least two cases in quantum mechanics—the two-dimensional delta function interaction and the 1/r2 potential. The former has been treated in this journal; in this article we discuss the physics of the latter together with experimental consequences.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS


Angular Security Best Practices
Software security is a hot topic nowadays. We, web developers, need to be up-to-date with all latest security issues that we could encounter when developing a web application. In this blog we'll check what kind of best practices we should have in mind when building an Angular app so we limit the amount of security issues we could have.
Up-to-date Angular libraries
The angular team is doing releases at regular intervals for feature enhancements, bug fixes and security patches as appropriate. So, it is recommended to update the Angular libraries at regular intervals. Not doing so may allow attackers to attack the app using known security vulnerabilities present within older releases.
1. Preventing cross-site scripting (XSS)
XSS enables attackers to inject client-side scripts into web pages viewed by other users. Such code can then, for example, steal user data or perform actions to impersonate the user. This is one of the most common attacks on the web.
1.1. Sanitization and security contexts
To systematically block XSS bugs, Angular treats all values as untrusted by default. When a value is inserted into the DOM from a template, via property, attribute, style, class binding, or interpolation, Angular sanitizes and escapes untrusted values.
This is the declaration of the sanitization providers in the BrowserModule:
export const BROWSER_SANITIZATION_PROVIDERS: Array = [
 {provide: Sanitizer, useExisting: DomSanitizer},
 {provide: DomSanitizer, useClass: DomSanitizerImpl},
 providers: [
 exports: [CommonModule, ApplicationModule]
export class BrowserModule {}
The DOM sanitization service
The skeleton of the class looks like this:
export enum SecurityContext { NONE, HTML, STYLE, SCRIPT, URL, RESOURCE_URL }
export abstract class DomSanitizer implements Sanitizer {
 abstract bypassSecurityTrustHtml(value: string): SafeHtml;
 abstract bypassSecurityTrustStyle(value: string): SafeStyle;
 abstract bypassSecurityTrustScript(value: string): SafeScript;
 abstract bypassSecurityTrustUrl(value: string): SafeUrl;
 abstract bypassSecurityTrustResourceUrl(value: string): SafeResourceUrl;
As you can see, there are two kinds of method patterns. The first one is the sanitize method, which gets the context and an untrusted value and returns a trusted value. The other ones are the bypassSecurityTrustX methods which are getting the untrusted value according to the value usage and are returning a trusted object.
The sanitize method
If a value is trusted for the context, this sanitize method will (in case of a SafeValue) unwrap the contained safe value and use it directly. Otherwise, the value will be sanitized to be safe according to the security context.
There are three main helper functions for sanitizing the values. The sanitizeHtml function sanitizes the untrusted HTML value by parsing the value and checks its tokens. The sanitizeStyle and sanitizeUrl functions sanitize the untrusted style or URL value by regular expressions.
How can we disable the sanitization logic?
In specific situations, it might be necessary to disable sanitization. Users can bypass security by constructing a value with one of the bypassSecurityTrustX methods, and then binding to that value from the template.
An example:
 selector:'my-app',
 template: '

export class App {
 constructor(private sanitizer: DomSanitizer) {
 this.html = sanitizer.bypassSecurityTrustHtml('DomSanitizerourSuperSafeCode()') ;
Be careful: If you trust a value that might be malicious, you are introducing a security vulnerability into your application!
1.2. Content security policy (CSP)
To enable CSP, configure your web server to return an appropriate Content-Security-Policy HTTP header. You can find a very detailed manual how to enable CSP on the MDN website. To check if your CSP is valid you can use the CSP evaluator from google.
1.3. Use the offline template compiler (aka AOT-compiler)
Angular templates are the same as executable code: HTML, attributes, and binding expressions (but not the values bound) in templates are trusted to be safe. This means that if an attacker can control a value that is being parsed by the template we have a security leak. Never generate template source code by concatenating user input and templates. To prevent these vulnerabilities, use the offline template compiler, also known as template injection.
If you use the Angular CLI, it's easy to enable AOT:
ng build --aot
ng serve --aot
More info can be found on the Angular Guide website.
1.4. Avoid direct use of the DOM APIs
The built-in browser DOM APIs don't automatically protect you from security vulnerabilities. For example, document, the node available through ElementRef, and many third-party APIs contain unsafe methods. Avoid interacting with the DOM directly and instead use Angular templates where possible.
1.5. Server-side XSS protection
Injecting template code into an Angular application is the same as injecting executable code into the application. So, validate all data on server-side code and escape appropriately to prevent XSS vulnerabilities on the server. Also, Angular recommends not to generate Angular templates on the server side using a templating language.
2. HTTP-level vulnerabilities
Angular has built-in support to help prevent two common HTTP vulnerabilities, cross-site request forgery (CSRF or XSRF) and cross-site script inclusion (XSSI). Both of these must be mitigated primarily on the server side, but Angular provides helpers to make integration on the client side easier.
2.1. Cross-site request forgery (XSRF)
Cross-site request forgery (also known as one-click attack or session riding) is abbreviated as CSRF or XSRF. It is a type of malicious exploit of a website where unauthorized commands are transmitted from a user that the web application trusts.
In a common anti-XSRF technique, the application server sends a randomly generated authentication token in a cookie. The client code reads the cookie and adds a custom request header with the token in all subsequent requests. The server compares the received cookie value to the request header value and rejects the request if the values are missing or don't match.
This technique is effective because all browsers implement the same origin policy. Only code from the website on which cookies are set can read the cookies from that site and set custom headers on requests to that site. That means only your application can read this cookie token and set the custom header.
Angular HttpClient provides built-in support for doing checks on the client side. Read further details on Angular XSRF Support.
2.2. Cross-site script inclusion (XSSI)
Cross-site script inclusion (also known as JSON vulnerability) can allow an attacker's website to read data from a JSON API. The attack works on older browsers by overriding native JavaScript object constructors, and then including an API URL using a


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According to the OIG report released today, Angela Williamson, a deputy to Monica Goodling at the DOJ, was intimately involved in her bosses scurrilous hiring practices, attending interviews and often conducting interviews herself. Here's a sampling of the same questions that Goodling asked those being considered for political positions:
After Goodling resigned, Williamson typed from memory the list of questions Goodling asked as a guide for future interviews. Among other questions, the list included the following:
Tell us about your political philosophy. There are different groups of conservatives, by way of example: Social Conservative, Fiscal Conservative, Law & Order Republican.
[W]hat is it about George W. Bush that makes you want to serve him?
Aside from the President, give us an example of someone currently or recently in public service who you admire.
We found that this last question often took the form of asking the candidate to identify his or her most admired President, Supreme Court Justice, or legislator. Some candidates were asked to identify a person for all three categories. Williamson told us that sometimes Goodling asked candidates: "Why are you a Republican?" [emphasis ours]


Building Technology vs Solving Problems
Yesterday I gave a talk at Saskatoon Barcamp on Building Technology vs Solving Problems. I started my presentation by asking, who here is building technology? Who here is solving problems? Those are two very different questions, and definitely not synonyms.
I believe innovation occurs following four basic steps:
 1. Identify Real Problem – real challenge that a group is facing
 2. Define Practical Solution – simple way to fill that need
 3. Find Appropriate Technology – appropriate technology based on users needs
 4. Leads To Profit - since you are filling a real need you will find ways to profit
In practise, what order do you think most companies follow?
 1. No Real Problem - most companies haven't asked what problem they are solving
 2. No Practical Solution – you can't have a solution unless you have a problem
 3. Build New Technology – building technology without knowing what they are trying to solve
 4. Struggle To Profit – invent a market and try to find users that don't exist
If you are providing a practical solution to a real problem, users will come to you and be eager to pay. Instead most companies are focussed on building another social network, creating another photo sharing app, making another groupon clone but none of those are solving a problem.
Innovation happens at the intersect of disciplines. Software by itself isn't very interesting, but applying that technology is where real innovation happens.
Unfortunately, most software companies are not intersecting with other disciplines, and instead building software for an elusive consumer market. And as a result of not having a clearly defined problem, most of these companies are lacking in innovation and struggling to generate revenue.
Back in July The Next Web had a fantastic article on The Problem With Silicon Valley Is Itself that highlighted this problem.
"One of the reasons for lack of innovation in the Valley is that entrepreneurs are not exposed to enough real-world problems." – TNW
"Not putting their brains to good use by solving real-world problems. Instead they're building technology to solve trivial issues." - TNW
"Many entrepreneurs are in it for the wrong reasons, they should be more focussed on doing something big and good for the world and figuring where the money comes after that." - TNW
I spent four months this summer living in Nairobi and working from the iHub. Africa is experiencing a mobile revolution, Kenya is leading the charge in east Africa, Nairobi is at the center and the iHub at the very heart, so I was excited to experience it first hand.
It began clear that one of the main driving forces behind this mobile innovation was developers using appropriate technologies to solve real problems. At Pivot25 a mobile development competition in Nairobi, every single startup in commerce, entertainmentbusiness, agriculture and health that pitched was trying to solve a real problem. One good example was EasyParking by Kenya Methodist University Students.
Works with car park operators to assist city motorists in locating the nearest parking slot, view remaining slots, book a slot, and pay the parking fee. Product is intended to reduce the inconveniences motorists go through to locate free parking slots in Nairobi City.
Although EasyParking didn't win Pivot25, it still highlights a practical solution to a real problem.
 1. Identify Real Problem - difficult to find parking downtown
 2. Define Practical Solution - give motorists easy way to reserve parking on route
 3. Find Appropriate Technology - request and receive confirmation via mobile
 4. Leads To Profit - drivers save time and willing to pay for a guaranteed spot
Do you think this idea could work in other cities? You bet, and that's why venture capitalists at the event were interested on investing in the idea because its a solution to a global problem. This raises an interesting point, practical solutions often scale because they can solve the same problem elsewhere.
So my questions is, why isn't Saskatchewan developing world class agriculture software?Saskatchewan's economy is based on agriculture, we have the top agriculture college in the country, and a strong computer science department. So why aren't we world leaders in ag-software?
The reason I believe is that software developers are not having conversations with farmers, haven't identified the problems they are facing in the province. If we had a shared conversation, I believe there is huge potential to become a world leader.
Here's one agriculture example that tries to solve a real problem with an appropriate technology.
 1. Identify Real Problem - costly and timely to take sick animal to the vet
 2. Define Practical Solution - allow ranchers to communicate with a network of veterinarians to get answers to their questions saving trip to the clinic
 3. Find Appropriate Technology - rancher sends SMS with question which is forwarded to a network of veterinarians, available vets reply back with their answer
 4. Leads To Profit - you can charge rancher per SMS giving part back to the veterinarian for there answer
It's a simple idea, but eliminating one trip to the vet clinic would save approx $50 in gas plus $100 for the visit. And saving the life of one calf would save the rancher around $750. If you paid veterinarians per answer, they could make money in their off hours. This saves the rancher money and time, makes vet's money on the side and you profit. It's a win, win, win. Also, if this solution works locally, there is a good chance it will work outside the province.
The three key ideas for innovation:
 1. Revolutionary idea, is just practical solution to a real problem
 2. Innovation happens at the intersect of disciplines
 3. Identify real problem, define practical solution, find appropriate technology, and it leads to profit
Thoughts? Comments? I'd love to hear them :)
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In partnership with the National District Attorney's Association, Addiction Policy Forum (APF) presents this free, on-line course about how district attorneys can contribute to solutions to the addiction crisis. The course includes material included in APF's Addiction 1010 course covering instruction on addiction and the brain, the risk and protection factors associated with an individual's likelihood of developing a substance use disorder, a discussion of the importance of language and the need to reduce stigma around addiction, an explanation of trauma and need for trauma-informed care, and a brief overview of treatment options and the need to match the intensity of treatment with an individual's severity of substance use. The course concludes with 5 actions district attorneys can take to address the addiction crisis. The course includes brief quizzes to test users understanding of the material, and concludes with a list of resources and additional reading.
Funding source: Various grants and donations
This resource was produced by an individual/organization receiving funding from sources that have a conflict of interest such as a pharmaceutical company, political action committee, or other industry-related sources. Multiple studies indicate that research performed by individuals with relationships to industry and research funded by industry sources are more likely to favor the sponsor's products. Industry funding of charities and non-profit organizations has also been linked to groups supporting industry-favorable positions. For more information, please visit the CLOUD 101 page.
A free on-line education course with educational materials and information about how district attorneys can work to address the addiction crisis from APF and the National District Attorney's Association.


Koy Sanjaq Syriac language
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Koy Sanjaq Surat
ܣܘܪܬ Sûrat
Native to Iraq
Region Koy Sanjaq and Armota in Arbil Province
Native speakers
800 (1995)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3 kqd
Glottolog koys1242[2]
Koy Sanjaq Surat is a modern Eastern Syriac-Aramaic language. Speakers of the language call it simply Surat, or 'Syriac'. It is spoken in the town of Koy Sanjaq and its nearby village of Armota in the Arbil Province as well as in Ankawa. The speakers of Koy Sanjaq Surat have traditionally been Assyrians.
Koy Sanjaq Surat seems to be related to Senaya, which is spoken by Assyrians who originally lived east of Koy Sanjaq, in the city of Sanandaj in Iran. Not enough is known about the language to make any definite comment, but it seems that Koy Sanjaq Surat may have developed as the language of Assyrian settlers from Sanandaj. The dialect also has much more Kurdish influences then other dialects of Syriac. It does not appear to be intelligible with Chaldean Neo-Aramaic, which is spoken by co-ethnics further north, or with the Jewish Neo-Aramaic language of Lishanid Noshan, which was traditionally spoken by the Jews of Koy Sanjaq.
The Madnhâyâ version of the Syriac alphabet is used in writing, but most written material is in the Syriac language used in worship.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Koy Sanjaq Surat at Ethnologue (17th ed., 2013)
 2. ^ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Koy Sanjaq Surat". Glottolog 2.2. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.


John D. Shearer > SNMP-BridgeQuery-0.61 > SNMP::BridgeQuery
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Module Version: 0.61 Source
BridgeQuery - Perl extension for retrieving bridge tables.
 use SNMP::BridgeQuery;
 use SNMP::BridgeQuery qw(querymacs queryports queryat);
 $fdb = queryfdb(host => $address,
 comm => $community);
 unless (exists $fdb->{error}) {
 ($fdb->{$mac} = "n/a") unless (exists $fdb->{$mac});
 print "This MAC address was found on port: ".$fdb->{$mac}."\n";
BridgeQuery polls a device which responds to SNMP Bridge Table queries and generates a hash reference with each polled MAC address as the key and the associated port as the value. The specific MIBs that are polled are described in RFC1493.
SNMP::BridgeQuery requires Net::SNMP in order to function. (Checked for during 'perl Makefile.PL')
Devices can be switches, bridges, or most anything that responds as a OSI Layer 2 component. Layer 3 devices do not generally respond and will cause an error. If an error is generated, it will return a hash reference with a single element ('error') which can be tested for.
Two other functions (querymacs & queryports) can be explicitly exported. They work the same way as queryfdb, but they return MAC addresses or ports (respectively) with the SNMP MIB as the hash key.
A newly added function (queryat) can be used on layer 3 switches to poll the Address Translation Tables. This is similar to the data returned by the 'queryfdb' function, but it returns the IP address of the device and the associated interface (separated by a pipe '|') with the MAC address as the key. On a layer 3 switch, this interface probably does not correspond to a physical port, but more likely refers to a vlan ID. Using this function on a layer 2 device will generate a 'trapped' error.
David M. Town - Author of Net::SNMP
John D. Shearer <>
perl(1), perldoc(1) Net::SNMP.
Copyright (c) 2001-2003 John D. Shearer. All rights reverved. This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
syntax highlighting:


What is significant about the number 21 for the military
What does the 21 stand for in the 21 gun salute?
Land batteries, having a greater supply of gunpowder, were able to fire three guns for every shot fired afloat, hence the salute by shore batteries was 21 guns. The 21 – gun salute became the highest honor a nation rendered. Varying customs among the maritime powers led to confusion in saluting and return of salutes.
Who started the 21 gun salute?
President Franklin D. Roosevelt, embarked on Indianapolis, receives a 21 – gun salute from Coast Guard Cutter Mojave, during the presidential fleet, 1934. The cannon in shore batteries (with ample stores of dry, usable gunpowder) would fire three shots in return for every single shot they heard coming from the sea.
Do all veterans get a 21 gun salute?
At military funerals, one often sees three volleys of shots fired in honor of the deceased veteran. It is often mistaken by the laymen as a 21 – gun salute, although it is different. Anyone who is entitled to a military funeral will receive the three rifle volleys, subject to availability of honor guard teams.
How many shots are fired at a military funeral?
three volleys
Why do they put 3 bullets in the flag?
You might be interested: What is 2000 hours military time
When a veteran dies Who gets the flag?
Can taps be played at a civilian funeral?
Who gets full military honors funeral?
Do all veterans get a military funeral?
Who gets a 21 gun salute at funeral?
Can you unfold a military funeral flag?
Again, while the flag code does not mention the usage of funeral flags, it does not expressly forbid the unfolding and flying of the flag after the funeral service.
You might be interested: How to tie a military scarf
Can a veteran salute the flag?
Why are three shots fired at a military funeral?
However, at most military funerals what many mistake for a 21-gun salute is actually an honor guard team firing three volleys from rifles. This tradition comes from traditional battle ceasefires where each side would clear the dead. The firing of three volleys indicated the dead were cleared and properly cared for.
Why are 21 shots fired at military funerals?
What do you do at an open casket?
What are the fundamental aspects of an open casket funeral? They take care of the embalming of the body. The body has to be dressed. The funeral home can also use some makeup on the body. The people from the funeral home will also take care of the deceased's hair.


What is Verified Boot in Chrome OS?
Chrome Enterprise & Education / Chromebooks and Chrome Devices / What is Verified Boot in Chrome OS?
Verified boot in Chrome OS is a helpful way to make sure your Chromebook is as secure as possible.
Chrome OS
Before we jump into what verified boot is, let's first learn a little about Chrome OS. Chrome OS is the operating system for Chromebooks and other Chrome devices. It's designed to be fast and responsive, so your device reacts quickly even when you're streaming videos or have multiple tabs and apps open.
Chrome OS updates automatically without interruptions, so your Chromebook is always running the most up-to-date software without breaking your work flow. Chrome OS has many different features to increase speed, simplicity, and security. One of these many features is verified boot.
Verified boot in Chrome OS
So what is verified boot in Chrome OS? A verified boot is a sort of self-check, performed each time your Chromebook starts up. When a Chromebook detects foul play, meaning the system has been tampered with or corrupted in any way, the Chromebook repairs itself by reverting to a previous operating system and be good as new. So even if malware manages to escape the sandbox, your Chromebook is still protected!
There is only a small list of known executable commands a Chrome device performs. Your Chrome device verifies and signs off on each command before it's performed so your device isn't filled with tons of unneeded software and downloads.
Your Chromebook also doesn't allow any edits to its file system. With a read-only root file system, viruses or other malware don't have the ability to change the file system. This prevents any harmful edits to the Chrome OS. The only edits that do apply to Chrome OS are the automatic updates for the entirety of your device. These background updates help ensure you have the most up-to-date and secure software running on your OS. This means more time to do what you want! A verified boot in Chrome OS is just one of the many ways the Google lifestyle can help with speed, simplicity, and security.
If you would like to learn more about Chrome devices, like how to Powerwash your Chromebook or what sandboxing is in Chrome OS, check out our Knowledge Base.
Chrome and Promevo


text:
To address the broadest possible range of food products and take into account their high variability, foods will be classified in four generic structure groups:
- filled cellular solid,
- proteinous cellular network,
- combined gelled/dispersed/aerated systems, and
- open solid foam representing the above main selected food categories.
Within these groups, the most relevant types of food products will be chosen using criteria encompassing structural characteristics, industrial needs, and societal demands. In this way, risks/benefits (food safety, nutritional aspects), economic weight and sustainability will be taken into consideration.


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Manitoba entrepreneur helping kids and youth dealing with mental illness.
People with animals at home know the feeling of unconditional love pets can provide. Now that same unconditional love is being used to help adolescents with emotional and mental difficulties to get well.
Lil' Steps Miniature and Wellness Farm in St. Malo Manitoba provides Equine Facilitated Wellness (EFW) for children and youth. In EFW, children and youth engage in team emphasized or individual sessions with the horse as the teacher. It is an experiential and process orientated experience for the child; where he/she will learn various life skills in a therapeutic and fun setting.
Lucy Fouasse, founder of Lil' Steps, opened the doors to the farm two years ago. Fouasse has spent the last 17 years working in the counselling field in many different capacities from justice, to mental health, and others. But it wasn't until four years ago when Fouasse was on the other side of the counselling, that she realized the important part animals can play in mental health.
"I suffered a serious head injury that left me unable to work and with a number of symptoms that made my day-to-day tasks very difficult," says Fouasse who suffered from migraines, double vision, short-term memory loss, and anxiety.
"I purchased two miniature horses and would spend every day with them and through this I noticed a change in myself. I was learning to be in the present moment through mindfulness and this helped my anxiety tremendously."
Once Fouasse was on the road to recovery she decided to meld her love for animals and counselling background together to help others. After doing some research, Fouasse noticed there was a definite need for this kind of counselling.
"I recognized that there were a number of people who would fall through the cracks of the systems," Fouasse says. "I wanted to create a service that was available to all children and youth and affordable through a sliding scale model. My service fits around the individual as opposed to the individual having to meet criteria for the service."
Studies suggest there is an instinctive bond between humans and animals. Our ancestors may have looked to animals for signals of whether they were in a safe environment or not. If animals are in a calm, peaceful state, the hypothesis says that humans are able to interpret this as a signal that we can relax. Fouasse says each animal has different characteristics that can help people.
"When you look at the brain waves of a horse and how they are always in the present moment due to being a prey animal, just by being around them can change our own brain waves to do the same," says Fouasse who adds horses are very intuitive and can sense the energy of a child, which allows a perfect mirror reflection to the child on their on their own energy and emotions. "Recognizing our own emotions is essential in the therapeutic work in healing."
According to the Canadian Mental Health Association, It is estimated that 10-20% of Canadian youth are affected by a mental illness or disorder – the single most disabling group of disorders worldwide.
Today, approximately 5% of male youth and 12% of female youth, age 12 to 19, have experienced a major depressive episode.
The total number of 12-19 year olds in Canada at risk for developing depression is a staggering 3.2 million.
"I would say that one of the primary pieces that all kids walk away from is confidence and a better sense of self. At the farm, you can be who you are…it's a place to be and become. The animals accept you fully and are honest in a non-judgemental way with their feedback to the youth on their behaviours towards the animals."
There are many different animals at the farm, each with their own personalities.
"My five pound dog Serenity teaches about confidence and fear. She is the boss of the farm," says Fouasse who adds that sometimes lacks some healthy fear. "We discuss how anxiety is a good thing for us and how this helps us to keep safe. We talk about her confidence in that she is only five pounds (and then I usually cover Serenity's ears as I tell the children this), but she thinks she is 100 pounds and this is how confidence works – if we believe we are bigger than we are then we can do anything."
The farm also boasts three rats who teach the kids not to judge a book by its cover, a fainting goat who teaches youth about anxiety and how it feels within the body, and a 1200 pound horse named "Fleur" who can be pretty intimidating to a youth, but learning if kids can keep their energy relaxed and in the moment, they'll earn trust and respect from Fleur.
In the last few years, mental health awareness has definitely increased. Fouasse says she feels very optimistic that they are on the right track.
"I do think we have a way to go, however we are much more understanding and knowledgeable that we were years back," adds Fouasse. "I am hoping and dreaming one day that people can talk about mental health as easily as we talk about physical health. We will need to be conscious on continuing to educate people about the truth of mental health and how mental illness does not define us. Once we can recognize that mental illness is no different than different physical ailments and we need to be accepting, non-judgmental and open to helping others – than we can provide an atmosphere for people to heal – just like the farm does."


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Naranjilla or little orange – Naranjilla's are a bright orange fruit which is a bit smaller than a tennis ball. The inside of an naranjilla is full of pulp with tiny seeds when strained and sweetened can make a orange-greenish juice that is tangy and leaves an aftertaste that is almost perfumey. The naranjilla is native to Ecuador and Columbia and is rarely grown anywhere else.
Uvilla or husk tomato, ground cherry, gooseberry – This small yellow fruit is called ground cherries as they grow close to the ground and are cherry like in both shape and size. The uvilla has nothing else in common with cherries as there is no stone or they do not even taste like cherries. The uvilla is bright yellow and grows inside a husk that is shaped like a small thin lantern. The flavours of the uvilla are something like a pineapple and are eaten raw.
Chirimoya or Custard Apple – The cherimoya is related to the guanabana/soursop. A cherimoya has a tasty white pulp that is in a green mottled skin and can be the size of a small melon. The white pulpy flesh is full of black seeds which are large and smooth and can be removed easily.
Tomate de Arbol or Tree Tomato – The tree tomato is red and shaped like an egg and is full of seeds that are covered by the pulp of this fruit. It is a bit like the passion fruit. The tree tomato fruit is good for juice and can be used in a dessert if boiled in sugar. This fruit if eaten fresh can be very sour.
Maracuya or passion fruit – The maracuya fruit is shaped like an egg and yellow. The fruit is hollow and filled with dozens of seeds inside which are covered with the pulp. The maracuya can be eaten fresh off the vine and has a tart flavour. The people in Ecuador put the pulp with the seeds in a blender for a few seconds to make juice and add a bit of sugar (brown sugar is nicer) to sweeten the juice.
Orito or Finger Bananas – Many different types of bananas are grown in Ecuador but the Orito banana is the smallest banana and has a much sweeter and richer taste than the other bananas.
Guanabana or soursop – The guanabana's outer skin is rough and green. The guanabanas are large and can even reach the size of a volleyball. The inside of this fruit is white with pulp, and is full of many cherry like seeds. The flesh inside the guanabana can be eaten fresh, has the taste of a strawberry and is mild and quite sweet. The Ecuadorian people make this fruit into juice, as they can be very messy to eat.
Pitahaya or Dragon Fruit – The pitahaya fruit grows on a type of tree cactus and is a yellow bumpy fruit. The fruit is cut opened and the flesh is a bit transparent and gray in colour and is full of small black seeds. The pitahaya is a bit like a kiwi. The pitahaya can be eaten the same way as a kiwi but can also be made into a juice. The pitahaya is said to have mild laxative properties.
Taxo or Banana Passion Fruit – The taxo is a long soft fruit that looks like a small orange banana but straight. The fruit has many seeds that are covered with pulp which when separated can be made into ice cream or juice. This fruit has a tart taste and is tangy and is not usually eaten fresh.
Tuna or Prickly Pear – This fruit should not be confused with the fish – in Spanish you would ask for "atun". The tuna fruit is from a species of cactus and grows all around South America. Looking at the tuna fruit is does look like a small cactus, the outer skin of this fruit is green and when opened there is red pulp inside the fruit. There are small seeds in the fruit that are crunchy, they can be eaten and are tasteless. This fruit has a very mild flavour that is fruity, although bland when compared to other fruits from Ecuador.
Granadilla or Sweet Granadila - The granadilla fruit is small, a pale pinkish-orange colour and shaped like an egg. The fruit inside has dozens of black seeds which are enclosed in a gray pulp that is semi transparent. The pulp and seeds can be eaten whole without the skin. Granadillas have a fruity flavour and are very mild. They are a popular fruit here in Ecuador. This fruit is too mild for making juice and is usually eaten fresh.
Mora or Blackberry – Blackberries from Ecuador are larger than the blackberries that we would see in North America and are grown all year round. In most parts of the country blackberry bushes grow like weeds. Although the blackberries can be eaten fresh, the Ecuadorian people blend them with water and some sugar and make a very tasty juice.
Babaco – or Mountain Papaya - The babaco fruit is seedless and has a smooth skin that can be eaten and is said to taste like strawberry, papaya, kiwi and pineapple. The fruit is pentagonal in shape. The babaco like the papaya, is grown for its edible fruit and for its fruit juice. The babaco fruit has no seeds present in the fruit. At this point the fruits reach a length of about 12 inches long and 8 inches wide. They are distinctly five-sided, rounded at the stem end and pointed at the apex. The flesh of the babaco is very juicy, slightly acidic and low in sugar. The Ecuadorians not only use this fruit for juice but also to make a dessert called Dulce de Babaco and it can also be used as a pie filling and goes great with apples or strawberries in a pie.


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This role will be given to users who understand how HIRO works, and can edit HIRO's automatically generated code to ensure it has translated content from an SME's chat conversation correctly into Knowledge Items, which is what HIRO™ will use to automate.
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text:
A climate under influences
Though it's not exceptional for their to be sudden changes in the weather here and with winters that are sometimes harsh, the Beaujolais region makes the most of a temperate climate that falls under three separate sets of influence. In winter, continental currents are a contributing factor in causing the frosts that can sometimes spread to spring. It's better to cover up and wait for the light winds from the ocean that, between seasons, stir up the regulating role of the River Saône and soften the temperature differences.
With the return of the summer come winds from the Mediterranean. This is when the Haut Beaujolais moun-tain chain is particularly good for protecting the vines and encourages the foehn wind that comes from the west which is heated and dried in summer as it passes over the peaks of the Beaujolais hills to go down to the Beaujolais plains.
Exposed to light rains, the vineyard can be subject to very high tem-peratures that will probably raise further with global warming. Although these long summer droughts are definitely favourable to the quality of the wine they can also be behind some quite devastating storms.