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Investing in a home is one of the most significant decisions a person can make. Whether you're a first-time buyer or an experienced investor, exploring the option of purchasing a fibro home can be both exciting and daunting. In this article, we'll break down the basics of buying a fibro home and help you understand if it's a wise decision for you.
What is a Fibro Home?
A fibro home, short for fibro-cement or fibro-sheet, is a type of construction material used primarily in older Australian houses. It's made from a blend of cement and fibrous materials, such as asbestos fibres (prior to the 1980s) or non-asbestos fibres like cellulose or fibreglass. While modern fibro homes use non-asbestos fibres, older properties may have asbestos-containing materials, which could pose health risks if disturbed.
The Pros of Investing in a Fibro Home
Affordability: Fibro homes are often more affordable than traditional brick or wood homes, making them an attractive option for budget-conscious buyers.
Good insulation: Fibro-cement offers decent insulation properties, helping to regulate indoor temperatures and potentially lowering energy bills.
Retro charm: Many fibro homes have a unique retro charm that appeals to those seeking a distinct character in their properties.
Renovation potential: With the right precautions and professional help, fibro homes can be renovated and improved, increasing their value over time.
The Cons of Investing in a Fibro Home
Asbestos concerns: If the home was constructed before the 1980s, there might be asbestos-containing materials present, which require professional removal if disturbed.
Durability concerns: Fibro-cement can degrade over time, particularly if exposed to harsh weather conditions. Regular maintenance is crucial to ensure longevity.
Insurance challenges: Some insurance providers may be reluctant to cover fibro homes, especially those with asbestos, due to potential health and safety risks.
Market demand: Fibro homes might have limited demand in certain markets, potentially affecting resale value and ease of selling.
Asbestos Inspection: Before investing in a fibro home, always conduct an asbestos inspection by a licensed professional. If asbestos is detected, get advice on removal or encapsulation to ensure safety.
Professional Inspection: Hire a qualified building inspector to assess the overall condition of the property. They can help identify any structural issues or maintenance requirements.
Renovation Costs: If you plan to renovate the fibro home, factor in the additional costs for asbestos removal (if needed) and potential upgrades to ensure it complies with modern building standards.
Future Development: Consider the surrounding neighbourhood and the potential for future development or gentrification, as this can impact the property's value in the long run.
Buying a fibro home can be a financially prudent decision for those willing to weigh the pros and cons carefully. While these homes offer affordability and unique character, they also require additional considerations such as asbestos management and regular maintenance. By conducting thorough inspections and making informed decisions, you can navigate the potential pitfalls and find a fibro home that fits both your budget and lifestyle.
Remember, consulting with real estate professionals and experts will be invaluable throughout the process, ensuring a successful purchase of a fibro home.


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|University of Kentucky Department of Entomology|
Mystery Bug Answers
Mystery Picture #13
Scorpions pack a punch in their tails. The front pinchers are used to grab and hold their preyusually small insects. While we typically think of them in hot deserts or tropical jungles, there is a species that occurs in much of Kentucky and over the southeast. To read more about our Kentucky scorpion, Centruroides vittatus,jump to Scorpions in Kentucky.
The Wheelbug is a beneficial insect with piercing sucking mouthparts. Its sharp beak, extending from the front of its head, is usually carried in a groove along its body between the legs, so it does not show up well in this picture. The front legs are fitted for grabbing prey (usually caterpillars)- much like a praying mantis does. The common name of this insect comes from the back hump which resembles half of a gear wheel.
This page is maintained by Pat Dillon, Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky. Please send questions or suggestions to: _EMAIL_

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: The proposed Union Pacific Red Rock Classification Yard will be predominantly placed on already developed land. In the map below you will notice that the vast majority of the proposed Classification Yard and industrial park area is in existing farm land. Farmland poses more hazards to desert wildlife through pesticides, fertilizers and run-off. Compared to the land's historical use as farmland, the Classification Yard will actually reduce chemical hazards to wildlife. The Classification Yard will not be displacing wildlife or introducing foreign chemicals into the environment in the same way agricultural fields would.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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All Windows based computers comes with a pre-installed Administrator account and a Guest account. By default those accounts are disabled for security purpose.
Guest users are people you allow to use your computer for basic things like accessing the internet, checking emails and such. To enable guest account:
1. Simultaneously press the Windows key + R to open the Run Window, here type lusrmgr.msc and press Enter.
2. From the left pane select Users folder.
3. Then Double-click on the Guest account from the right.
4. In the properties window for the Guest account, uncheck the checkbox labeled Account is disabled and then click on the Apply button.
Log out and you'll see the guest account available, now you are able to let others access your PC as guest. Keep in mind not to leave the account always enabled due to security issues.


In 2010, approximately 734,611 speakers of this language were registered and many others are already beginning to practice it. Here at we will tell you the meaning of Am en Maya and in which parts of the world communicate through this historical language. Go ahead!
The word Am en Maya means Spider, which is an invertebrate arthropod animal whose main characteristics is to have eight legs and a kind of tweezers that are called queliperos. This strange word comes from a 4000-year-old language B.C. Continue reading to us and learn more. 👇
Recommended: Meaning of Languso
Where Does the Word Am en Maya Come From?
The word Am en Maya originates from the Mayan culture, specifically the so-called proto-Maya language, the oldest language. This ancestral language was used by Central American Aborigines 4000 or 5000 years ago to communicate verbally.
Despite being a highly historical language, its use remains in many regions of Central America. Today speakers of this language can be found in much of Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador and southern Mexico.
Curious Words of the Maya Language
We show you a series of words used by the Mayan culture.
· Achichincle
This curious expression is extracted from nahualt (Mexican macro), and its meaning is as follows:
atl is equal to"water"and chichinqui means"suck" is defined as"sucking water". It is widely used in Spanish, especially these Central American regions, to refer derogatoryly to the person who "does everything said by his boss". Which is equal to a despicable subject.
· Papalote
It also comes from nahualt, and is extracted from the word papalotl. It means butterfly.
· Cuate
It is native to the nahualt"Cuatl" and its meaning is twin, twin. Today, the word cuate is widely used by Mexican culture and its connotation is "friend".
· Sáas
Glass object used for divination activities.
· Awat Che'ej
It means, "laugh with laughter."
It's quite interesting and important to know a little bit about each culture. Our world is constantly changing and globalization influences so much that different cultures mix by making us confused. But don't forget that you can count on us, our Library always awaits your queries.


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Badacsony is one of the wine regions located around the Balaton lake. in this case at the north coast. There is roughly 1600 hectares of area under cultivation; with major grapes types being white. It's number 1 on this map.
Grape varieties :
- Olaszrizling (welschriesling)
- Pinot Gris
- Muscat Lunel
The soil in the lower areas of the volcanic hills are made out of loess, sandy clay and sand, but when you move up you'll find more basalt and basalt-tufa rubble. The balaton lake prevents extreme weather conditions therefor the region is considered to have a subMediterranean climate, There is a lot of sunshine and the hills protect the grapes from the eastern wind.
Click on the winery to bring up more information about them and to find my taste notes.


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Dear Sirs, 2008
Nintendo DS, custom coded game, R4 card
Dear Sirs is a mobile poem—a workplace related resignation poem and marking of time using mesostics and numeric references to embed secret locative information within the poem on a Nintendo DS. Dear Sirs is a part of a series of works that are all interactive game like poems that exploit the relationship between the user, the hardware, the physicality of the user and the interface. Through visuals, text and interaction the poems circumvent and explore poetic/textual conventions and human empathy in a technological context. The participant is required to mark time along with the poet in order to experience the poem. For each stroke on the touch screen with the stylus—one letter of the poem is sequentially revealed. Referencing the famous poem "What you say" by John Cage, this work uses mesostics and embedded numbers to reveal a location—both virtual and physical, and a rejection of participation in problematic systems.


text: Objectives In this study, we aimed to determine reference values for normal breast and areolar skin elasticity using shear wave elastography. Methods The right breasts of 200 female participants were evaluated. The age, weight, body mass index, menopausal status, and parity number of all participants were noted. The elasticity values and thickness of the areolar skin and 4 quadrants of the breast skin of all participants were measured. To assess the reproducibility of shear wave elastography, a randomly selected subgroup of 35 participants was reevaluated by a second observer. Results The mean age of the participants +/- SD was 48.79 +/- 10.74 years (range, 18-79 years). The mean elasticity measurements for the superior, inferior, lateral, and medial regions of the breast and areolar skin were 33.54, 29.84, 30.16, 29.20, and 31.35 kPa, respectively. The mean of the 4-quadrant measurements of breast skin elasticity was 30.68 +/- 9.11 kPa. Age had a moderate negative correlation with breast skin elasticity (r = -0.353; P <.001) and a weak negative correlation with areolar skin elasticity (r = -0.237; P =.001). The parity number had weak negative correlations with breast (r = -0.150; P =.034) and areolar (r = -0.207; P <.001) skin elasticity. The interobserver agreement varied from good to excellent (intraclass correlation coefficients, 0.67-0.91) for the breast and areolar skin elasticity measurements. Conclusions Shear wave elastography is a reproducible imaging modality for evaluations of breast and areolar skin elasticity, and our results may provide important pilot data for evaluations of clinical entities that affect the breast and areolar skin structures.


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Good that can be consumed by only one person
at a time. Most consumer
products are rival goods. For example, a coat can be worn by only one person at a time. In a sense, consumers compete for rival goods. An example of a non-rival good is a public park. It can be used by many consumers at the same time.


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Efforts to remedy existential anxiety and the sense of 'homelessness' permeating modern life invariably invoke ideas and practices swirling around dwelling and nostalgia. Geographies probing the materiality of loss and memory have elaborated and critiqued nostalgia in both regressive and progressive postures. We argue that amorphous and sensual qualities of nostalgia make it a propulsive force in dwelling. Moving beyond nostalgia as a representation of, or personal longing for, 'the past' or 'home', we engage historic practice as transpersonal, affective currents coursing through bodies, objects, and things. Nostalgia is an enchantment with distance that cannot be bridged. We explore nostalgic distance vis-a-vis practices in residential historic preservation in the Coronado district in Phoenix, Arizona. Practice, performance, and materiality of historic inhabitation illuminate nostalgic distance as an undertow in the making of historic sensibilities, subjectivities, and places. The elusiveness of nostalgia whispers enchantments, engendering attentiveness to what is near, to sensing closely. Nostalgic practice, performance, and materiality give rise to an everyday aesthetic of pastness, an embodied ethics of care rather than strict adherence to historic preservation codes and guidelines. We contribute to rethinking nostalgia and residential historic preservation as modes of sensing in which all bodies, objects, and things – human–nonhuman, animate–inanimate – have capacities to affect and to be affected.
- Residential historic preservation
- Sensual urbanism
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Geography, Planning and Development
- Cultural Studies
- Environmental Science (miscellaneous)


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By Bjorn Fehrm
September 13, 2018, © Leeham News.: Last week we began an article series looking at the cost equation for an airliner. We discussed the different costs and how these would be affected by airline type and operating area.
Now we calculated the different costs for a Legacy airline operating either in the US, West Europe or Asia.
- The Narrowbody operated by a legacy carrier has high Aiport costs as it frequently take-offs and lands on major airports.
- For the Widebody operation, the fuel and capital costs are higher than Navigation and Airport fees. The differences in how the US, Europe and Asia handle en route navigation fees creates a large Navigation cost difference between the geographies.
To read the rest of the article Login or Subscribe today.


der Waals equation. The comparative equations are:
The acentric factor,, used as a parameter in the Soave-Redlich-Kwong and the Peng-Robinson equations was first introduced by Pitzer et al in 1955.[22] It can be expressed as:[23][24]
where is the saturated vapor pressure of the gas at a temperature of.
Virial equation of state
The most fundamental equation of state, in that it has the most sound theoretical foundation, is the virial equation of state:[1][2][3]
It was first proposed on an empirical basis by Thiesen in 1885[25] and further developed in 1901 by Kamerlingh-Onnes.[26] A statistical-mechanical expression for B was first derived by Ornstein in his Ph.D Thesis.[27] The equation was subsequently re-developed by H.D. Ursell in 1927 on a theoretical basis derived from a statistical-mechanical (cluster) analysis of intermolecular forces.[28]
The parameters, and are referred to as the second, third and fourth virial coefficients, respectively. The coefficients are not constants since they vary from one gas to another as well as the temperature of the gas under consideration. They are sometimes written as, and to denote that they are functions of temperature. The numerical value of the coefficients must be determined experimentally.
The second virial coefficient provides the largest part of the correction for the non-ideal behavior of a gas. For that reason, the virial equation is sometimes truncated after the term containing the second coefficient. However, when the third coefficient is available, the equation is usually truncated after the term containing the third coefficient. The fourth coefficient is rarely available.
An extensive compilation of virial coefficients for pure gases and gas mixtures was prepared from the virial coefficient database at the Thermodynamics Research Center, formerly at Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas and now located at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, Colorado. The latest version of that compilation was published in 2003.[29] NIST also offers for purchase a software program, NIST Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (REFPROP), that includes second and third virial coefficients as well as a host of other thermodynamic properties.[30]
Other equations of state
There are a number of other equations of state for predicting the behavior of real gases. Perhaps, the best known are the Beattie-Bridgeman equation developed in 1929[31] and the Benedict-Rubin-Webb equation developed in 1940.[32] In general, they are more complex than the equations discussed above.
Notation for the gas constant
The gas constant used in this article is the universal gas constant,, that applies to any gas. There is also a specific gas constant, which can be denoted as, and is defined as where is the molecular weight.
Unfortunately, many authors in the technical literature sometimes use as the specific gas constant without denoting it as such or stating that it is the specific gas constant. This can and does lead to confusion.
 1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 McQuarrie, Donald A. and Simon, John D. (1999). Molecular Thermodynamics. University Science Books. ISBN 1-891389-05-X.
 2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Yunus A. Çengal and Robert H. Turner (2004). Fundamentals of Thermal-Fluid Sciences, 2nd Edition. McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN 0-07-245426-1.
 3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Smith, J.M. et al. (2005). Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Seventh Edition. McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-07-310445-0.
 4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Y.V.C. Rao (1997). Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics. Universities Press (India). ISBN 81-7371-048-1.
 5. 5.0 5.1 Gas Laws (Lecture by Professor M.J. Mombourquette at Queens University, Canada)
 6. Hong Wei Xiang (2005). The Corresponding States Principle and Its Practice: Thermodynamic, Transport and Surface Properties of Fluids. Elsevier. ISBN 0-444-52062-7.
 7. IUPAC Goldbook
 8. Gouq-Jen Su (1946). "Modified Law of Corresponding States". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry 38 (8): 803-806. ISSN 0096-4484.
 9. 9.0 9.1 Equations of State (Professor Lyes Kadem, Concordia University, Canada)
 10. 10.0 10.1 Equations of State (Lecture material used by Professor Sanford Klein at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, U.S.)
 11. Richard W. Miller (1996). Flow Measurement Engineering Handbook, 3rd Edition. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-042366-0. (See Figure G-1 on page G.145)
 12. Kai-Fui Vincent Wong (2000). Thermodynamics for Engineers, 1st Edition. CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0232-3. (See Figure A-2, Page 278}
 13. Nelson-Obert Generalized Compressibility Charts (Charts available on the Internet, from the website of San Diego State University, U.S.)
 14. W.B.Kay (1936). "Gases and Vapors At High Temperature and Pressure - Density of Hydrocarbon". Industrial Engineering & Chemistry 28:1014. ISSN 0096-4484.
 15. Yunus A. Çengal and Michael A. Bowes (2005). Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, 5th Edition. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-_PHONE_.
 16. Real Gases (Lecture material used by Professor R.M. Price at Christian Brothers University, U.S.A.)
 17. Properties of Natural Gases (Professor Jon Steiner Gudmandsson, Norwegian University of Science and Technology)
 18. Robert C. Weast (Editor) (1975). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 56th Edition. CRC Press. ISBN 0-87819-455-X.
 19. 19.0 19.1 19.2 Chapter 3: Equations of State (pages 6-8 of 65 pdf pages) (Part of PhD thesis by Ji Lin Wang, 2002, Swinbourne University of Technology, Australia)
 20. 20.0 20.1 20.2 Jean Vidal (2003). Thermodynamics: Applications in Chemical Engineering and the Petroleum Industry. Editions Technip. ISBN 2-7108-0800-5.
 21. Zakia Nasri and Housam Binous (2007). "Applications of the Soave-Redlich-Kwong Equation of State Using Mathematica". Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan 40 (6): 534-538. Retrieved from here.
 22. K.S. Pitzer et al (1955). "The Volumetric and Thermodynamic Properties of Fluids". Journal of the American Chemical Society 77: 3427-3440.
 23. Francis S. Manning and Richard E. Thompson (1991). Oilfield Processing of Petroleum. Pennwell Books. ISBN 0-87814-343-2.
 24. Acentric Factor Definition (Physical Property Sources Index, PPSI, of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich)
 25. Max F. Thiesen (1885). "Investigations of the Equation of State". Annalen der Physik und Chemie (24): 467-492.
 26. Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes (1901). "Expression of the Equation of State of Gases and Liquids by Means of Series". Commun. Phys. Lab. Leiden (71).
 27. S. L. Ornstein (1908) Toepassing der statistische mechanica van Gibbs op molekulair-theoretische vraagstukken (Application of the statistical mechanics of Gibbs on molecular-theoretical problems), Leiden
 28. H. D. Ursell (1927). "The Evaluation of Gibbs' Phase Integral for Imperfect Gases" (23): 685.
 29. J.D. Dymond and R.C. Wilhoit (Authors), K.N. Marsch and M. Fenkel (Editors) (2003). Virial Coefficients of Pure gases and Mixtures, 1st Edition. Springer. ISBN 3-540-44340-1.
 30. NIST Standard Reference Database 23
 31. J.A. Beattie and O.C. Bridgeman (1929). "A New Equation of State for Fluids". Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci. (63): 229-305.


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Translate simmer | into French | into German | into Italian | into Spanish
Definition of simmer
verb [no object]
(of water or food) stay just below the boiling point while being heated:the goulash was simmering slowly on the stove figurativethe disagreement simmered for years and eventually boiled over [with object] keep (food) just below boiling when cooking or heating it:simmer the sauce gently until thickened be in a state of suppressed anger or excitement:she was simmering with resentment
) become calmer and quieter.
noun [in singular]
a state or temperature just below the boiling point:bring the water to a simmer


Who Wrote This Contemporary Text?
From Everything is Illuminated to The Sabbath, see if you can name the authors of these contemporary texts.
Question 1 of :
Qustion 1. Who is the author of Portnoy's Complaint?
Philip Larkin Philip Roth Saul Bellow Cynthia Ozick
Qustion 2. Who wrote Bread Givers?
Anzia Yezierska YL Peretz AB Yehoshua Rahel
Qustion 3. Who wrote the poem The New Colossus?
Rahel Yehuda Amichai Emma Lazarus Emily Dickinson
Qustion 4. Who wrote the poem Kaddish?
Woody Allen Adrienne Rich Allen Ginsberg Samuel Menashe
Qustion 5. Who wrote Tevye the Dairyman and Other Stories?
Chaim Nachman Bialik Sholem Aleichem Ahad Ha'am David Grossman
Qustion 6. Who wrote Everything is Illuminated?
Nathan Englander Jonathan Safran Foer Jonathan Franzen Rivka Galchen
Qustion 7. Who wrote The Sabbath?
Leo Baeck Moshe Soloveichik Abraham Joshua Heschel Louis Jacobs
Qustion 8. Who wrote As a Driven Leaf?
Louis Jacobs Akiva Tatz Norman Lamm Milton Steinberg
Qustion 9. Who wrote I and Thou?
Martin Buber Abraham Joshua Heschel Elliott Dorff Leo Baeck
Qustion 10. Who wrote Night?
Primo Levi Elie Weisel Cynthia Ozick Roman Polanski
View Printer Friendly Quiz » Return to Web Version


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Roulette Heatless Habanero is a hybrid pepper variety that provides all the delicious, citrusy flavor of a habanero pepper but without the heat! These dark red fruits average 3″ long and have a thick wall that provide a nice crunch. An All-America Selection, this heatless habanero is great for frying, making sauces or eating raw with salads or dips.
Roulette Heatless Habanero produces fruits earlier than traditional, hot habanero varieties. Plants are vigorous and sturdy to support the loads of fruits that it will produce throughout the warm growing season. Each plant will produce up to 10-12 fruits at a time and have been noted to produce over 100 fruits per plant throughout the growth cycle.
Peppers are in the nightshade family along with tomatoes and eggplant. Plants in the nightshade family are susceptible to blossom end rot, which is a result of a calcium deficiency. To prevent or alleviate this problem, apply pelleted gypsum at the base of the plant at bloom set. Peppers do best when transplanted, as the germination time can be longer than most vegetable seed. Peppers grow very well in our heavy-duty seed starting trays. Plants should be started 4-6 weeks before the intended outdoor planting date.
If conditions outside are favorable, transplants may be planted directly from our 162 cell trays. If conditions are still too cold for planting peppers, transplants may be "stepped-up" to 4″ pots to allow more room to grow. Peppers can produce heavy fruits and will require some form of support to keep the plant upright. We recommend using the Florida Weave trellising technique that involves using stakes and twine along the row. This ensures that plants and fruits stay off the ground, reducing the possibility of disease and keeping fruits clean.
Roulette Heatless Habanero Planting Information
Planting Method: transplant
When to Plant: after last frost
Planting Depth: 1/4″
Seed Spacing: 2′
Row Spacing: 3-4′
Days to Maturity: 80
Disease Resistance: None


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Definition of Egmas
1. egma [n] - See also: egma
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Egmas Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Egmas
Literary usage of Egmas
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language, in Miniature: With Many by Samuel Johnson (1820)
"... three farthings Rye, t. a coarse kind of hread corn Ry'egmas, t. a kind of strong gmss ¡...."


transactions: if a snoop transaction returns data, the same data must be returned to the master that requested the data through its read data channel.
 - Sequencing transactions: transactions that access the same location have specific sequencing requirements by the Interconnect. This will be dealt with in detail in the next post in this series.
In this post, we have described the testing strategy and the key aspects of coherent transaction testing. In the next post, we will focus on some of the details of the specification relative to accesses to overlapping addresses.
Authored by Ray Varghese


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Yokohama India - Side Of Tyres
Bulge on the sidewall of a tire
When a certain area of the tire sidewall is partially protruding, a cord may have broken internally due to external causes such as shock, and is therefore dangerous.
Dent on the sidewall of a tire
There are cases in which a dent occurs and extends toward the sidewall area of a tire. Such dents occur due to the internal structure and have no effects in terms of safety.


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Hammond High Magnet School Senior Project
The mission of the Hammond High Magnet School Senior Project is to challenge and engage all seniors in a rigorous inquiry-based process, which provides students the opportunity to demonstrate their abilities and expertise as creative problem solvers, effective communicators, responsible citizens, and lifelong learners. The Hammond High Magnet School Senior Project aims to allow students to take control of, and have a voice in, their own education and development as individuals and learners.
Senior Project Goals
Major Components of HHMS Senior Project
- Seniors will complete a project that demonstrates integrated skills and independent learning.
- The senior project will provide depth and rigor to the senior level english curriculum.
- Provide students with the opportunity to showcase their knowledge and talents to the community through interaction with a mentor.
- Research-based paper
The Senior Project Handbook is in the process of being modified at the moment. As soon as the modifications are complete, the handbook will be able to be accessed here. If you have any questions regarding the senior project, please feel free to email _EMAIL_.


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We analyze the collective behavior of a set of coupled damped driven pendula with finite (large) inertia, and show that the synchronization of the oscillators exhibits a first order phase transition synchronization onset, substantially different from the second order transition obtained in the case of no inertia. There is hysteresis between two macroscopic states, a weakly and a strongly coherent synchronized state, depending on the coupling and the initial state of the oscillators. A self-consistent theory is shown to determine these cooperative phenomena and to predict the observed numerical data in specific examples.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physics and Astronomy(all)


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Blue Shale Lake
In North Texas, the value of any ranch (especially during the old days before electricity) was largely dependent on available water. Fortunately, the 10xXx Ranch is blessed with running creeks and a bedrock base to hold water in the creeks. After Joe Mitchell purchased the ranch, he noticed an area on the south part of the ranch where two small creeks converged together to form a larger creek. There seemed to be plenty of water running, but no area to impound the water. After discussing the situation with his contractors and trying to figure out how to make a lake from the naturally flowing water, they hatched an idea to "dynamite" the blue shale bedrock (which would fracture the shale rock over a large area). This fracturing of the blue shale base allowed the shale to be scooped up and hauled to other ponds which were leaking water (the shale would act as a liner to hold water in leaking ponds). This moving of the fractured shale created a huge hole which allowed the creek water to be impounded to form a lake. They then added a small concrete retaining wall type dam to create the small but gorgeous Blue Shale Lake. The lake is stocked with Black Bass and world class Bluegill. Many fly fisherman have honed their skills by preying on the monster Bluegill from Blue Shale Lake.


text: In this 3-day session, kids ages 8–12 learn design skills to imagine a park for their community. They'll go on a short walk to gather inspiration and take photos of materials, colors, and textures. Then they'll sketch their ideas in the Procreate app using iPad with Apple Pencil to bring their design to life. On the final day, they'll present their park to the group. Devices will be provided.


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LeitnerBox is a technique for learning with more & better effect.
We should learn the things by heart in 5 steps (30 days) with Leitner Box.
This application was created for learning English words or words of another language.
I've created this project with.NET Framework 3.5 SP1, so you have to install it to use the project.
Leitner Box's Algorithm
According to Leitner's Algorithm, we have to study our questions everyday like this :
1 : Answer all questions in Box 5 -> Part 1
If your answer was True the question goes to the Data Base
else it goes to Box 1.
2 : Shift all parts of Box5 to the left ( In the application use Shift up button )
3 : Answer all questions in Box 4 -> Part 1
4 : Shift all parts of Box4 to the left
5 : And so on...
10 : Add new questions to Box 1
I've implemented this algorithm in this project.
Using the Application
At first you have to create a user, so you will see this form :
Notice: You can use A-Z and a-z for the name.
Press the button to create new user, new user will save in a folder beside the main EXE file.
If there are multiple users, you will see this form:
Appending a Word
You have to select a destination box or a part and then add a question.
Notice: You can't add two words with the same questions.
Whenever you type a word into 'Add Questions' textboxes, it searches for the inserted word in former words (in all boxes and database). If something is found, it will show a list of them below the textbox. Now you can choose it by pressing Enter on it.
This is a good way to avoid duplication.
- 2nd March, 2009: First post
- 14th March, 2009: Updated source and demo files - fixed some bugs
- 25th March, 2009: Updated source and demo files
- 2nd April, 2009: Updated source and demo files - fixed some bugs
- 11th April, 2009: Auto Complete added
- 22nd March, 2010: Updated source and demo files


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Machine Vision Implementation in Rapid PCB Prototyping
Image processing, the heart of machine vision, has proven itself to be an essential part of the industries today. Its application has opened new doorways, making more concepts in manufacturing processes viable. This paper presents an application of machine vision in designing a module with the ability to extract drills and route coordinates from an un-mounted or mounted printed circuit board (PCB). The algorithm comprises pre-capturing processes, image segmentation and filtering, edge and contour detection, coordinate extraction, and G-code creation. OpenCV libraries and Qt IDE are the main tools used. Throughout some testing and experiments, it is concluded that the algorithm is able to deliver acceptable results. The drilling and routing coordinate extraction algorithm can extract in average 90% and 82% of the whole drills and routes available on the scanned PCB in a total processing time of less than 3 seconds. This is achievable through proper lighting condition, good PCB surface condition and good webcam quality.
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What is the source for the custom that Yemenite Jews people count Sefira in Aramaic? and why do they do it?
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Otzar Ta'amei Haminhagim (cf.) explains that it is a remnant of a time when the spoken language was Aramaic. Since the primary purpose of s'fira is the keeping track of days it is preferable to count in a language that enables the counter to keep track - i.e. a language the counter understands.
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Which leaves the question why we do not – SimchasTorah Apr 29 '11 at 2:54
_USER_ - Because the spoken language for (most of) us is not Aramaic. I have a friend (who is neither a Yemenite nor is Aramaic his mother tongue) who counts Sefirah in English. – Adam Mosheh Jun 10 '12 at 21:36
_USER_ My rule has always been, if you have to read the night's count inside because you can't in your head smoothly figure out what to say in Hebrew, you should just be counting in English. – Double AA Mar 6 '13 at 6:59
They preserve the Babylonian custom, where the native tongue of most people was Aramaic. The earliest attestation of saying the sefira in Aramaic of which I am aware is in the siddur of R. Saadia Gaon (see here, bottom of the page).
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Parvatiyar denotes a sub-caste belonging to Ambashtha caste of Bihar, India. Ambashtha is, in turn, a sub-caste of Kayastha community. The system of sub-caste in the Ambashtha caste is known as "Khaas Ghar" system.
Ancient Geographical Origins[edit]
Parvatiyar Ambashtha Kayastha, normally, trace their origins to Magadha region of Bihar.Perhaps, originally, their forefathers were from "Parvatti" or "Parvati" village of "Magadha", hence, they were known and designated as "Parvatiyar". However, in absence of any documentary or historical proof, it would be difficult to prove the true origins of the word "Parvatiyar". It may be noted that Ambashtha sub-caste or tribe were inhabitants, in ancient times, of North Western India in the lower Chenab region. They migrated eastwards, in course of time, to finally settle in Magadha region of Bihar. This fact is evident from description of their country in Mahabharata(II,48,14) and in Bhagavata Purana(X, 83,23).They are also mentioned in Brahmanda Purana(III,74,22), Matsya Purana(48,21), Vayu_Purana and Vishnu Purana(II,3,18). Panini also refers to it in one of his sutras(VIII, 3,97). Mahabharata mentions(II,52,14-15) Ambashtha as one of the north-western tribes.During the first quarter of the 2nd century A.D., the Ambashtha are referred to by the geographer Ptolemy as settled in the east of the country.(Ref: McCrindle authored 'Ancient India as described by Ptolemy', pp 311–312)
Recent Origins[edit]
At present, two prominent Parvatiyar families trace their roots in Rohini village(near Jasidih) and Cheria Bariarpur Village(Begusarai) of Bihar.
Social practices[edit]
Parvatiyars follow a system of exogamous marriage, called "Ghar-Varjini" i.e. (i) not marrying within "Parvatiyar" sub-clan and (ii) also not marrying with persons belonging to "Khaas Ghar" of their father, mother, grandmother (both maternal and paternal) and so on, tracing upwards for three generations upwards the genealogical line (both maternal and paternal). This system is peculiar to Ambashtha caste. However, other castes, too, follow variants of this system.
Prominent Parvatiyars[edit]
Most of the members of Parvatiyar sub-clan serve in Government Service in Bihar and New Delhi. Though, of late, they have spread all over the world and serve in many divergent professions. Atul Parvatiyar, Deepak Parvatiyar, Anu Parvatiyar,Pankhuri Parvatiyar,Divya Parvatiyar, Kislay Parvatiyar,Swati parvatiyar,Tanya Parvatiyar, Abe Parvatiyar,Soumya Parvatiyar, Michelle Parvatiyar, Survi Parvatiyar are few of the Parvatiyars who can be dubbed as "googlable" Parvatiyars. There are many other 'Parvatiyars' but they do not use the surname 'Parvatiyar', hence, making it difficult to identify them. The Parvatiyars, generally, use the surnames such as "Ambastha", "Ambasta", "Sinha", "Sahay","Kumar","Praasd" etc. i.e. popular surnames beloging to Kayastha Caste. One such Parvatiyar family, using the surname "Kumar", is based in New Delhi now.Patriarch of this family is Sh. Ashok Kumar- a retired IAS of Bihar cadre, who has served as District Magistrate of Muzaffarpur in mid 1990s. His son, Amit Kumar, for example, though a Parvatiyar, does not use the surname Parvatiyar despite belonging to Parvatiyar family. He is an Advocate - on - Record of the Supreme Court of India. Similarly, Anant Kumar, CEO of Lifespring Hospitals, is also a Parvatiyar. It is notable that Anant Kumar is also a Ted fellow.


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opinions of civilization in countries
Talk about things you know
In ancient China, people believe what civilized behavior is, what kind of behavior is uncivilized;In foreign countries, how people look at this civilization?
China are renowned for their "ancient civilization", "polite and civilized country," with the world. Courtesy of civilization, focusing on performance. 3 main areas: 1, to speak of civilization; Second, modest,humility; III dignified manner.
Apr. 30, 2009
Book that:Respect for others, it is necessary to equal treatment, regardless of high or low grades,same.If only the upper classes to offer its CLARK to check financial potential in order to pay interest, and in fact for small."The Analects of Confucius Zi Han" contains: Confucius seen wearing mourning, Wearing the hat and the Blind.Each other, even if these young people, must stand up Confucius.Others have been before the trip, we quickly came to show respect.King's method of the ancients, but also a place to learn.Must respect the wishes of others, understanding other people's needs and taboos, not imposing.Do not ask others not to do, do not force others to accept things that do not like.The ancients said: "do not want to own, not to impose on people (Note:" The Analects of Confucius Yen-Yuan ")," This is what I meant.
Apr. 15, 2009
Did not pay tribute to is a courtesy greetings,commonly used in people who have known social occasions in the greeting dad told me Social occasions,People tend to pay tribute to the use of wave Bow to pay tribute to Hat compliments Friendly form to express meaning. If the voice greeting Will be appointed as the phenomenon is uncivilized.
Apr. 15, 2009


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Intelligent Resource Management in Peer-to-Peer Overlays
Emin Gun Sirer
In this talk, I will describe a new resource management framework that enables distributed systems to be built with strong performance and resource usage guarantees. The critical insight behind this framework, called Honeycomb, is to formalize the core tradeoffs in distributed systems as a mathematical optimization problem. The framework then provides strong performance and resource usage guarantees by minimizing a targeted cost function subject to constraints in a distributed fashion.
I will outline the Honeycomb framework and describe how we recently applied it to build three peer-to-peer systems: CoDoNS, a replacement for DNS, CobWeb, an open-access content distribution network like Akamai, and Corona, an RSS-like system for disseminating Web micronews. All three systems have been deployed on PlanetLab, and either guarantee near-optimal lookup/update performance subject to bandwidth constraints or achieve a targeted level of lookup/update performance while minimizing bandwidth and storage costs. Overall, Honeycomb represents a novel approach to building large-scale distributed systems that contrasts with past systems based on ad hoc heuristics for resource management.


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Literature / On the Steel Breeze
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The second book in Alastair Reynolds' Poseidon's Children trilogy, this book follows three members of a later generation of the Akinya family.
Chiku Akinya, the niece of Blue Remembered Earth's protagonist Geoffrey Akinya, has herself cloned twice, then "synchronized" in such a way that she and her clones are identical on a physiological and psychological level, with no way of knowing who the "original" was. Chiku Red is sent out to rendezvous with Winter Queen, Eunice Akinya's interstellar ship; Chiku Green boards a Generation Ship intent on colonizing Crucible, the mysterious world discovered in Blue Remembered Earth; Chiku Yellow stays on earth.
Tropes within On the Steel Breeze:
 - As You Know: Much of the early conversations between Mecufi en Chiku Yellow serves to set up Chiku's backstory.
 - And I Must Scream: When Chiku Yellow's body is being controlled by Arachne, she's still aware of everything.
 - Ambiguous Gender: Travertine is consistently addressed with non-standard pronouns such as "ve". This is never explained, though a comment from Word of God says they're intended to be gender-neutral.
 - Arbitrary Maximum Range: Arachne' weapons are mentioned to have some sort of threshold the holoships need to cross for them to be within range. This despite the fact that it can easily accelerate slugs to enough speed to escape the planet's gravity, and the trajectory of the holoships is known.
 - A.I. Is a Crapshoot: Played straight in some cases, but there are other examples of AI that are more benign.
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 - Alien Abduction: Chiku and Arachne are beamed up into a Watchkeeper at some point, and will stay with them in exchange for the other colonists' safety.
 - Alien Arts Are Appreciated: It's still unclear what the Mandala is, much less if it is art, but its beauty is repeatedly mentioned by the novel's characters.
 - Brain Transplant: June Wing has a collection of bodies and has herself transplanted into whichever is more convenient for the task at hand.
 - Clone by Conversion: The three Chikus are partly the result of this. The original Chiku cloned herself the old-fashioned way, but for perfect duplicity all three clones were then given identical mental imprints.
 - Colony Drop: Crucible is at the receiving end of those.
 - Colony Ship: The holoships are mostly self-sufficient, though there is an exchange of more advanced technology and manufacturing capacity between them.
 - Contagious A.I.: Arachne is everywhere.
 - Curse of Babel: The aug, which supplies instantaneous translation to people who don't speak the language, stops working near the end of the book
 - Cyborg: Most humans have cybernetic implants. Also the Tantors.
 - Descriptively-Named Species: The Watchkeepers are pretty much that, though they get a bit more active near the end.
 - Digital Avatar: A standard method of communication is through a projected avatar.
 - Emotion Bomb: A non-violent example. People formulate "motes", which take a specific emotional imprint and release it to the user upon breaking. This is used to convince people of sincere intents.
 - Family Business: While the Akinya empire no longer seems to be as omnipresent as in the first book, their involvement in many early space exploration technologies still makes them a powerful family.
 - Generation Ship: The holoships, though due to medical advances very few people actually die, and most who originally boarded are expected to still be alive when the ships reach Crucible.
 - Gone Horribly Right: The Evolvarium on Mars. Set up as a secluded area to research Mechanical Evolution, the robots evolved a bit too well and soon took over the whole planet.
 - Grew Beyond Their Programming: Arachne is an artilect that controls the vast array of telescopes and sensors that eventually discovered Crucible and the Mandala. She captures signals indicating that, as an AI, she is at risk of being snuffed out by humans, and goes to extraordinary lengths to prevent that.
 - Human Popsicle: The skipover procedure.
 - Ignored Expert: Travertine is this to most colonists, but is also being used for behind-the-scenes research that would be forbidden under the Pemba accord.
 - Immortal Procreation Clause: Averted. People are practically immortal but there seems to be no problem with reproduction. Of course, people can now easily migrate beyond the earth if it becomes crowded.
 - Immune to Mind Control: Chiku Red, after she is revived by the aquatics, due to her not having aug implants.
 - Imported Alien Phlebotinum: (Post-)Chiseba Physics. It's not really mentioned in this novel, but the first book in the series makes it clear that it's based on some kind of ancient alien technology.
 - Meanwhile, in the Future…: Sort of. The story cuts from Chiku Green to Chiku Yellow. Chiku Green's messages took decades to arrive on earth due to the vast distance between the holoships and the planet, so events appear to naturally follow each other even though there are huge time gaps.
 - Mechanical Evolution: The Evolvarium on Mars.
 - Mohs Scale of Science Fiction Hardness: Mostly Physics Plus: Chibesa Physics (and Post-Chibesa Physics, later) are needed for less-than-light-speed propulsion, but most other technology is an extrapolation of what exists in the beginning of the 21st century. Then again, Chibesa Physics are left vague enough that it skirts World of Phlebotinum at times.
 - Neural Implanting: Semi-ubiquitous, though the aquatics are less enthusiastic about it, as it makes people susceptible to and dependent on intervention by the Mechanism.
 - Neo-Africa: Less pronounced than in the first book of the series, but it's still there in the background.
 - People Puppets: The Mechanism has the ability to take over someone's body through their implants (or euthanize them). Through this functionality, Arachne takes over Chiku Yellow's body at the end of the story.
 - Perfect Pacifist People: Humanity likes to think of itself as this. It's subverted bit by bit as the story progresses.
 - Pronoun Trouble: Travertine, who is the only character to be addressed with non-standard pronouns.
 - Robotic Reveal: Eunice. Less of a reveal for those who read the first book.
 - Sapient Ship: The Watchkeepers are certainly big enough to play the part, and apparently it is possible to travel in them.
 - Starfish Aliens: The Watchkeepers are thousands of kilometres long and experience 5000 years as "a short while". They're also synthetic, but sentient.
 - Stay with the Aliens: Chiku Green and Eunice go with the Watchkeepers, at the end.
 - Sufficiently Advanced Aliens: It's not clear what exactly the Watchkeepers are, but they seem to be this.
 - Sunken City: Venice is mentioned to be this in an offhand comment, due to global warming.
 - Talking Animal: The Tantors, although they're not so much talking as texting.
 - The Ageless: It's said that the prolongation process doesn't make people immortal, but death has become exceedingly rare since its introduction.
 - Time Abyss: The Watchkeepers are mentioned to possibly be millions of years old.
 - Translator Microbes: Many depend on the "aug" to communicate with others who don't know their language. Becomes problematic towards the end of the book, when the aug stops working.
 - Virtual Ghost: Chiku Green isn't dead, but her memory imprints take this form when they can't integrate into Chiku Yellow's. The same happens vice versa when Chiku Yellow sends her imprint to the holoship.
 - We Are as Mayflies: Humans can live for centuries, but they still can't hold a candle to the Watchkeepers, who operate on another level of time altogether.
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White flour is made up mostly of starch. If you have read the article How Food Works, you know that starch is a carbohydrate, meaning that it is made of sugar molecules chained together. Anyone who has ever lit a marshmallow on fire knows that sugar burns easily. So does flour.
Flour and many other carbohydrates become explosive when they are hanging in the air as dust. It only takes 1 or 2 grams of dust per cubic foot of air (50 or so grams per cubic meter) for the mixture to be ignitable. Flour grains are so tiny that they burn instantly. When one grain burns, it lights other grains near it, and the flame front can flash through a dust cloud with explosive force. Just about any carbohydrate dust, including sugar, pudding mix, fine sawdust, etc., will explode once ignited.
When you hear about an explosion in a grain elevator on the news, this is what has occurred. A spark or a source of heat ignited the dust in the air and it exploded.


text:
The National Weather Service has its beginnings in the early history
of the United States. Weather has always been important to
the citizenry of this country, and this was especially true
during the 17th and 18th centuries.
|The beginning of the National Weather Service
we know today started on February 9th, 1870, when
President Ulysses S. Grant signed a joint resolution of Congress
authorizing the Secretary of War to establish a national weather
service. This resolution required the Secretary of War
"to provide for taking meteorological observations
at the military stations in the interior of the continent
and at other points in the States and Territories...and
for giving notice on the northern (Great) Lakes and on
the seacoast by magnetic telegraph and marine signals,
of the approach and force of storms"
After much thought and consideration, it was decided that
this agency would be placed under the Secretary of War because
military discipline would probably secure the greatest promptness,
regularity, and accuracy in the required observations. Within
the Department of War, it was assigned to the Signal Service
Corps under Brigadier General Albert J. Myer. General Meyer
gave the National Weather Service its first name: The
Division of Telegrams and Reports for the Benefit of Commerce.
Ulysses S. Grant
Later that year, the first systematized, synchronous weather observations
ever taken in the U.S. were made by "observing-sergeants" of
the Army Signal Service at 22 stations and telegraphed to Washington.
An agency was born which would affect the daily lives of most of
the citizens of the United States through its forecasts and warnings.
This history of the National Weather
Service is broken up into several sections, including those days
before the resolution was passed in 1870. Follow the links below
to explore the early pioneers of weather forecasting in this country.


text:
What are the Good Faith Efforts?
The Good Faith Efforts are required methods implored by all EPA financial assistance agreement recipients to ensure that all Disadvantaged Business Enterprises (DBEs) have the opportunity to compete for procurements funded by EPA financial assistance dollars. The Six Good Faith Efforts Are:
- Ensure DBEs are made aware of contracting opportunities to the fullest extent practicable through outreach and recruitment activities. For Indian Tribal, state and local government recipients, this will include placing DBEs on solicitation lists and soliciting them whenever they are potential sources.
- Make information on forthcoming opportunities available to DBEs and arrange time frames for contracts and establish delivery schedules, where the requirements permit, in a way that encourages and facilitates participation by DBEs in the competitive process. This includes, whenever possible, posting solicitations for bids or proposals for a minimum of 30 calendar days before the bid or proposal closing date.
- Consider in the contracting process whether firms competing for large contracts could subcontract with DBEs. For Indian Tribal, state and local government recipients, this will include dividing total requirements, when economically feasible, into smaller tasks or quantities to permit maximum participation by DBEs in the competitive process.
- Encourage contracting with a consortium of DBEs when a contract is too large for one of these firms to handle individually.
- Use the services and assistance of the Small Business Administration (SBE) and the Minority Business Development Agency of the Department of Commerce.
- If the prime contractor awards subcontracts, require the prime contractor to take the above steps.
ATTENTION GRANT RECIPIENTS|
Documentation of your efforts to implement the good faith efforts in your procurements is the key to a successful program!


text:
Introduction to Pacific education in New Zealand and the Pacific region. Focus is on education's impact on Pacific people's academic achievement and lives in a globalised world.
This paper offers an introduction to Pacific Education in New Zealand and the Pacific region. The focus is on education and knowledge systems in New Zealand and the Pacific Islands, and the impacts of these systems on Pacific peoples' academic achievement.
|Paper title||Special Topic: Pacific Education|
|Subject||Pacific Islands Studies|
|Teaching period||Semester 2 (On campus)|
|Domestic Tuition Fees (NZD)||$955.05|
|International Tuition Fees||Tuition Fees for international students are elsewhere on this website.|
- PACI 101 or 18 points relevant to the Pacific Islands in ANTH, GEND, GEOG, HIST or MFCO
- Schedule C
- Arts and Music
Ph: 03 _PHONE_
- More information link
- View more information on Te Tumu's website
- Teaching staff
- Paper Structure
This course will look at selected topics over one 2-hour lecture each week, with discussions on the associated readings and issues in small class tutorials once a week.
- Teaching Arrangements
- Internal Assessments 60%
- Final Examination 40%
Readings will be advised on a course outline that will be available on Blackboard through e-Reserve.
- Graduate Attributes Emphasised
- Global perspective, Interdisciplinary perspective, Communication, Critical thinking,
View more information about Otago's graduate attributes.
- Learning Outcomes
Students who successfully complete the paper will be able to:
- Discuss the purposes of Education for Pacific peoples in New Zealand and the Pacific Islands
- Demonstrate knowledge of New Zealand and Pacific Islands education and knowledge systems
- Demonstrate an understanding of Pacific Education in New Zealand
- Critically analyse Pacific peoples academic performances in New Zealand education


text:
Children of recent immigrants are more likely to make sick visits to the doctor if their mothers see themselves as targets of ethnic or language-based discrimination, researchers at New York University report in a new study. Their research, which appears in the journal Health Psychology, provides new evidence that perceptions of discrimination by a mother could have a negative effect on the health of her child within the first 14 months of her child's life.
Previous scholarship has shown associations between discrimination and health. More recently, researchers have found that a mother's psychological response to discrimination—notably, high levels of stress during pregnancy—may have implications for the health of her child, such as low birth weight.
In the Health Psychology study, the NYU researchers explored the possibility that perceptions of discrimination may be associated with the health of young children.
To do so, they interviewed 98 immigrant mothers from the Dominican Republic and Mexico who had normally developing 14-month-old children. To gauge perceptions of ethnic and language discrimination, they adapted an established survey, the Everyday Discrimination Scale, which asks such questions as: "How often have you been treated poorly at work by supervisors because of your ethnicity" or "How often have you been treated with less courtesy than other people because of how you wrote or spoke English?" The mothers also reported the number of times their child visited the doctor for well-visits (regular checkups) and for sick visits (trips to the hospital or emergency room, a clinic, or a private office visit because the child was ill).
To measure ethnic-group attachment, the study employed a commonly used survey instrument, "The Ethnic Identity Scale," drawing upon responses to a pair of questions: "I have a strong sense of belonging to my ethnic group" and "I feel a strong attachment to my ethnic group".
Their findings showed distinctions between recent immigrants (those who had been in the U.S. about three years, on average) and those who had been in the U.S. for longer periods (about 14 years, on average), as well as between perceptions of language and ethnic discrimination:
- Among more recent immigrants, greater perceived ethnic and language-based discrimination were both associated with more frequent sick-child visits, but only among those who reported less attachment to their ethnic group.
- The associations between both forms of perceived discrimination and sick-child visits were not observed among recent immigrant mothers reporting high ethnic-group attachment.
- By contrast, among more established immigrants, perceived language-based discrimination was associated with more frequent sick-child visits across all levels of ethnic-group attachment.
"This study is the first to link greater language-based discrimination perceived by mothers to poorer health in their children," said David Amodio, an associate professor in NYU's Department of Psychology and one of the study's co-authors. "Moreover, these findings highlight the impact of language-based discrimination on Latino immigrants in the U.S., which is distinct from discrimination based on ethnicity."
The study's other co-authors were May Ling Halim, a doctoral student in NYU's Department of Psychology, and Hirokazu Yoshikawa, a principal investigator at NYU's Center for Research on Culture, Development, and Education and currently a professor at Harvard University's Graduate School of Education.
The research was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation.
New York University


Exactly what does it Indicate When You Name Your Baby Sugar Baby?
 - Home
"Sugar Baby" is one of the many names which has been given to the brand new genre of baby titles that are turning out to be popular in nation and the British isles. So what really does it indicate? Sugar baby is short for nice baby or sugar baby. This is a baby brand that _URL_ has been taken from the baby meals industry and is not related to the infant's health by any means. "Sugar" is simply name that sounds lovely.
What does it mean when somebody names their very own baby Sugar Baby? The meaning is pretty simple; the infant is going to be a small baby and the parents will attempt to keep the sugar absorption to a minimum mainly because that can actually cause medical problems. It is funny how that actually works because it actually is in the identity but the name is what is will make or break the baby. It is rather common to have child girl and have a child boy known as the same sugar babies sugar daddies thing, but in this case it might not be and so common.
"Sugar babies" because they are known to have been chosen seeing that the _URL_ favored brand of parents diagnosed with a family history of sugar gliders. The gliders are marsupials that are mostly from Sydney. They are primarily nocturnal in nature and in addition they primarily take in insects as their diet. They are small in size at about two pounds and the females are usually about ten pounds in pounds.
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text:
Home » Posts tagged 'Supermassive black hole'
Tag Archives: Supermassive black hole
What are they?
Consider a star, having its mass is more than 3 times of the mass of the Sun. At the end of its life, it will collapse and will become more and more compact. This collapse will continue until the star becomes so compact and dense that Nothing…Nothing, not even light, would be able to pass through or escape from its gravity. Hence the star will become dark and it cann't be viewed directly.
Now we say that our Considered Star is A Black Hole.
Nature and More about Black Holes
As of now, our star is a black hole. Now it will emit strong gravitational waves due to its giant mass-density. These waves will be strongest near the black hole and weakest at last approach of the black hole. Thus the shape of black hole's effect area, will look like Whirl. This is the same as washing machine whirl..


(a,b) */
x = randfun(N, "Poisson", lambda); /* X ~ Poisson(lambda) */
If you want to nest the calls to the RANDFUN function, you can simulate the data with a single statement:
x = randfun(N, "Poisson", randfun(N, "Gamma", a, b)); /* compound distribution */
If you are simulating data inside a DO loop, I strongly suggest that you continue to use the more efficient RANDGEN subroutine. However, in applications where performance is not a factor, you can enjoy the convenience of simulating data with a function call by using the new RANDFUN function.
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Geometry, sensitivity, and parameters of the lognormal distribution
Today is my 500th blog post for The DO Loop. I decided to celebrate by doing what I always do: discuss a statistical problem and show how to solve it by writing a program in SAS.
Two ways to parameterize the lognormal distribution
I recently blogged about the relationship between the parameters in the lognormal family and the underlying normal family. This inspired me to look closer into how the mean and standard deviation of the normal distribution are related to the mean and standard deviation of the lognormal distribution.
Recall that if X ~ N(μ, σ) is normally distributed with parameters μ and σ, then Y = exp(X) is lognormally distributed with the same parameters. The mean of Y is m = exp(μ + σ2/2) and the variance is v = (exp(σ2) -1) exp(2μ + σ2). As usual, the standard deviation of Y is sqrt(v).
These formulas establish a one-to-one (and therefore invertible) relationship between the central moments (means and standard deviations) of the normal and lognormal distributions. If you have the lognormal parameters (m, sqrt(v)), you can compute the corresponding normal parameters, and vice versa. The formulas for μ and σ as functions of m and v are μ = ln(m2 / φ) and σ = sqrt( ln(φ2 / m2) ) where φ = sqrt(v + m2). You can think of these formulas as defining a function, F, that maps (m, sqrt(v)) values into (μ, σ) values.
What does this mapping tell us about the relationship between the central moments of the normal and lognormal distributions? What is the geometry of the transformation that maps one set of means and standard deviations to the other?
If F is the function that gives (μ, σ) as a function of (m, sqrt(v), you can visualize F by using the graphic to the left. (Click to enlarge.) The grid in the upper part of the picture represents a uniform mesh [1,30] x [1,30] in the domain of F. These are means and standard deviations for lognormal distributions. Vertical lines (m is constant) are drawn in red; horizontal lines (v is constant) are drawn in blue. The corresponding (μ, σ) values (the image of the grid under F) are shown in the bottom part of the picture. The bottom picture shows the mean and standard deviation of the corresponding normal distributions.
By looking at the scale of the graphs, you can see that the transformation is highly contractive on this domain. The function maps a huge rectangle (841 square units) into a little wing-shaped region whose area is about 11 square units. The contraction is especially strong when the lognormal parameters m and v are large. For example the entire right half of the grid in the domain of F (where m ≥ 15) is mapped into a tiny area near (μ,σ)=(3,0.5) in the range.
This fact is not too surprising because the inverse mapping (F–1) is exponential, and therefore highly expansive. Nevertheless, it is illuminating to see the strength of the contraction. For example, the following graphic "zooms in" on an area of the domain that is centered near the point (m, sqrt(v)) = (22.5, 11.5), which is the approximate pre-image of (μ, σ) = (3, 0.5). The parallelogram in the domain of F is mapped to a tiny square that is centered near (μ, σ) = (3, 0.5). On this scale, the mapping is well-approximated by its linearization, which is the Jacobian matrix of first derivatives. The determinant of the Jacobian matrix at the point (m, sqrt(v) = (22.5, 11.5) is about 1/600, which means that the big parallelogram on the left has about 600 times the area of the tiny square on the right. (In the illustration, the square is not drawn to scale.)
Implications for data analysis
These pictures and computations tell us a lot about the relationship between the central moments of the normal and the lognormal distribution. The main result is that small changes in the parameters of the normal distribution cause large changes in the mean and standard deviation of the lognormal distribution. This leads to the following corollaries:
 - Small variations in normal data can lead to big difference in the lognormal data. If you simulate a small sample of data from an N(3, 0.5) distribution, you will get a sample moments that vary slightly from the parameter values. For example, the sample mean might range between 2.9 and 3.1, and the sample standard deviation might range between 0.4 and 0.6. However, if you exponentiate the simulated values to form a lognormal distribution, the mean and standard deviation of the lognormal data will vary widely from sample to sample. In short, the mean and standard deviation of lognormal data are very sensitive to variation in the normal samples.
 - For lognormal data with a large mean, the parameter estimates are not sensitive to variation in the data. Suppose you have a small data set with mean 22.5 and the standard deviation 11.5, and you think it lognormally distributed. If you use PROC UNIVARIATE to estimate the parameters for a lognormal fit, you will get estimates that are close to μ=3 and σ=0.5. Because of the small sample size, you might be worried that the parameter estimates aren't very good. But look at it this way: if you draw a different sample whose mean and standard deviation are several units away from those values, the parameter estimates will still be close to μ=3 and σ=0.5! Variations in the lognormal data are not very important when you estimate the parameters of the underlying normal data.
For simplicity, this discussion focused on parameter values near (μ, σ)=(3, 0.5), but you can use the same ideas and pictures to study other regions of parameter space. Moreover, the same ideas apply to other data transformations.
Computational details
The SAS/IML language is an excellent way to compute the quantities and to create the pictures in this article. In particular, I used the dynamically linked graphics in SAS/IML Studio to explore this problem because of the highly flexible graphics in IMLPlus. You can download the complete SAS/IML Studio program that I used to create the images.
The grids in the graphs were created by using the EXPANDGRID function that I discussed in the article how to generate a grid of points in SAS. It is easy to apply the transformation to the grid:
proc iml;
/* lognormal to normal transformation (m, sqrt(v)) --> (mu, sigma) */
start LN2N(p);
 m = p[,1]; v = p[,2]##2;
 phi = sqrt(v + m##2);
 mu = log(m##2 / phi);
 sigma = sqrt(log(phi##2/m##2));
 return( mu || sigma );
m = 1:30; /* horizontal grid points */
sqrtV = 1:30; /* vertical grid points */
grid = expandgrid(m, sqrtV); /* make grid (SAS/IML 12.3) */
Fgrid = LN2N(grid); /* compute image of grid */
You can easily compute a numerical Jacobian matrix (the matrix of first derivatives) by using the NLPFDD function, which computes finite-difference derivatives. You can compute the determinant of the Jacobian matrix by using the DET function. The following statements compute the Jacobian matrix and determinant at the point (22.5, 11.5). The determinant is approximately 1/600.
/* NLPFDD wants a function that returns a column vector */
start LN2Ncol(x);
 return( T(LN2N(x)) );
/* linearization of lognormal-->normal transformation */
x0 = {22.5 11.5}; /* approximate pre-image of (3, 0.5) */
call nlpfdd(f, J, JpJ, "LN2Ncol", x0, {2..});
detJ = det(J); /* det(J) shows strong local contraction */
print J[c={"dx1" "dx2"} r={"dF1" "dF2"}], detJ;
This article—my 500th blog post—provides a good example of what I try to accomplish with my blog. The problem was inspired by a question from a SAS customer. I analyzed it by writing a SAS/IML program. The analysis requires applications of statistics, multivariate analysis, geometry, and matrix computations. I created some cool graphs. Thanks for reading.


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One of our main responsibilities as timber suppliers in Brisbane is to ensure that all of our timber is ethically sourced. In other words, it must be grown and harvested in a way that doesn't have a negative impact on the species of timber we harvest, the forest or plantation itself or the carbon footprint. While most issues concerning responsible forestry are well-publicised, there is one that isn't: genetic pollution of timber.
What is Genetic Pollution?
Genetic pollution is a term that refers to genes taking over a species through various means. In forestry, it is usually what happens when genes from exotic species invade local forest stands.
Species that survive do so due to their ability to adapt or genetic diversity. A balance must be struck to allow species to adapt within their species, but also to preserve a number of species to allow genetic diversity outside of any particular species.
What it Means to You
Many timber species are seen only in particular regions. The differences between timber grown in different regions demonstrate how they can evolve genetically based on surviving a particular locale or climate.
Australia formulated something called the National Strategy on the Conservation of Australia's Biological Diversity in 1996. In 2005, the Australian Government developed a set of regulations regulating the use of Australia's native genetic resources.
Threats to Native Genetic Diversity
Inappropriate clearing or timber harvesting can have a negative effect on genetic diversity. So can growing exotic species on plantations too close to native forests or planting exotic species in a native forest after clearing.
What We Do About It
Luckily, the Institute of Foresters of Australia has strong policies to prevent genetic pollution of native timber species. There are also government regulations. To make a long story short, we only carry timber that has been forested and harvested according to ethical procedures that prevent genetic pollution and help preserve our native timber while protecting the environment.
Call Narangba Timbers to find out more: (07) 3888 1293.


text:
Image credit: Unsplash
Learning English can be tricky, more so when learners focus on more specific niches that require further knowledge and understanding of specific concepts, such as business and finance. According to a Journal of Education for Business study, English has become the dominant lingua franca of business and for the studying of business. This means that most learners pursuing a business education are learning in English.
However, technical terms within a niche can be difficult to learn, especially for English as second language learners. For English learners who are learning technical financial terms, understanding what they mean and how they apply them in real life can be difficult. Below, we'll look at five tips for English learners to better understand financial terms:
Follow English for finance textbooks
One of the best and most straightforward ways to learn English for finance is by following the flow and structure of finance textbooks. In a previous post on choosing effective English teaching materials, we emphasised that specialised textbooks are an English learner's first assistants in the learning process. Universal textbooks can help English learners study grammatical constructions and improve their lexical skills and pronunciation. Additionally, they have a clear lesson plan that learners can easily follow. Learning using an English for finance textbook can also provide learners with explanations and context for complex technical terms. Some other textbooks also come with special additional materials like dictionaries to help expand a learner's vocabulary for finance beyond basic grammar skills.
Examine real life examples
If the English learner is at a more advanced stage, then it will be a good practice to not only look at real-life examples, but also follow ones that will be relevant for those looking for employment in the finance sector in the near future. A good example of this would be the updated Basel regulations that started in January of this year, and affect banks and financial institutions across the UK and Europe. Understanding Basel compliance and how they allow financial corporations to stay compliant and prevent financial losses will be hugely beneficial for those looking at pursuing a career in finance. Even just studying the latest regulations will provide English language learners with an up-to-date list of the latest financial terminology.
Listen to podcasts about finance
An increasingly popular means of learning languages, podcasts are a great way to train language learners' listening, speaking, and pronunciation skills. Aside from expanding an English learner's vocabulary, podcasts often provide a conversational use of finance terms and concepts. Fortunately, podcasts of various topics are easily accessible today, including podcasts about finance. Personal finance podcasts such as Planet Money Summer School comes in different seasons, with each season covering specific topics, from investing to macroeconomics. The episodes are half an hour long and will often provide history, context, and engaging explanations about the topics discussed.
Watch movies about finance
Listening to discussions on finance can be a great way to learn and understand technical financial terms, but watching videos, movies, and TV shows about finance can help learners understand technical finance concepts while being entertaining and engaging as well. In a study published in the Journal of English Teaching through Movies and Media, researchers found that the use of transmedia in second-language learning has gained popularity in the past years. Thanks to the media, language learners won't have to travel to native English-speaking countries to learn the language. Watching media such as movies or shows about finance can provide real-world examples or instances of finance concepts. English learners can also learn idiomatic and idiosyncratic expressions from finance movies that are otherwise too informal or casual for official textbooks and dictionaries.
Try artificial intelligence
Last but not least, artificial intelligence can be a great teacher for technical finance terms. Among its many uses since its release to the public, people have also been experimenting with using ChatGPT for language learning. Formatted like a chatbot, OpenAI's ChatGPT is a language model that was trained on massive amounts of data. Apart from conversations in English, ChatGPT is also trained in other languages, such as Spanish, French, and German. This makes it easier for English as second language learners to understand finance terms by having the AI explain it to them in their native language. Another advantage of trying ChatGPT for learning technical finance is that it provides a personalised learning experience where learners can approach new topics or concepts at their own pace. ChatGPT can also provide additional resources for further reading when prompted to do so.
English is the international language of business and finance. If you are trying to improve your English financial terms, either as a beginner or as someone looking for a career in finance, we hope the above tips prove useful.
Article written by Rose Jennings


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The Mission of the Office of Residential Life is to support the overall vision of Lycoming College by providing a living environment that encourages academic success, fosters leadership and cultivates citizenship.
To this end, we aim to:
- Provide a safe and secure residential environment.
- Offer an environment which supports and recognizes resident student academic achievement.
- Hire and develop a staff of student leaders who are committed to the education and development of their peers and themselves.
- Facilitate educational and social programming that furthers the building of community and provides life skills that are transferable to the workforce and to life in general.
- Create an atmosphere that promotes the rights and obligations of living in a diverse community where self-responsibility and mutual respect are encouraged and expected.
- Continually define and refine how we endeavor to meet the needs of the students we serve.


choline chloride data sheet
choline chloride
Chinese: 氯化胆碱French: chlorure de choline (n.m.)Russian: холина хлорид
Status: WHO INN
IUPAC PIN: 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethan-1-aminium chloride
IUPAC name: choline chloride
(2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
CAS name: 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride (1:1)
CAS Reg. No.: 67-48-1
Formula: C5H14ClNO
Activity: plant growth regulators (unclassified plant growth regulators)
Notes: There is no ISO common name for this substance; the name "choline chloride" is approved by the World Health Organization, and is also approved in China (氯化胆碱).
Structure: Structural formula of choline chloride
Pronunciation: -lēn klor-ǐd Guide to British pronunciation
InChI: InChI=1S/C5H14NO.ClH/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7;/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
A data sheet from the Compendium of Pesticide Common Names


text:
Implications of traffic characteristics on interdomain traffic engineering
Abstract (Summary)This thesis discusses the implications of the traffic characteristics on interdomain traffic engineering with BGP. We first provide an overview of the interdomain traffic control problem. Then, we present results concerning the characteristics of the interdomain traffic, based on the analysis of real traffic traces gathered from non-transit ASes. We discuss the implications of the topological properties of the traffic on interdomain traffic engineering. Based on this knowledge of the traffic characteristics, we go on to study the complexity of designing interdomain traffic engineering techniques by defining the problem as an optimization problem. We show that designing traffic engineering techniques is possible but that several issues inherent to the current interdomain architecture make the task complex. Finally, we evaluate the current state-of-the-art of interdomain traffic engineering and discuss how we envision its future.
Source Type:Master's Thesis
Keywords:traffic engineering internet bgp
Date of Publication:03/02/2004


text:
A Golden Tragedy is the story of a king who loved his daughter very much and would do anything to please her. One day, Penelope told her father that she wished her birds could lay golden eggs. In an effort to please his daughter, the king made a wish that would literally change everything. Illustrations support the text.
Art Around Us
The Homework Lesson


text:
A new Antarctic ice station set to open next week is equipped with skis and legs that can walk across the ice.
Looking more like something from the set of Star Wars than a typical research lab, the building is designed to overcome some of the key challenges of providing shelter in one of the world's least hospitable environments.
Most Antarctic structures are buried under ice within a decade or so due to rising snow levels.
But the hydraulic-legged structure will be able to evade such a fate and even relocate in more dramatic circumstances - such as the site on which it stands carving off as an iceberg.
The Halley Antarctic Station is the award-winning work of Hugh Broughton architects.
The firm says the challenges in designing the structure were myriad - it is the most southerly research station operated by the British Antarctic Survey, located on the 150-metre thick floating Brunt Ice Shelf, which moves 400 metres each year towards the sea.
Snow levels rise by over a metre every year and the sun does not rise above the horizon for 105 days during winter.
Temperatures drop to -56C and the site can be buffeted by winds in excess of 100 mph.
Access by ship and plane is limited to a 3-months window.
Materials and components required to construct the new base had to be delivered across fragile sea ice, which could fracture at any time.
The needs of scientists working far from home in these extreme conditions were taken into account when designing the interior of the station, reports Architectural Record.
"Brutal winter conditions of permanent darkness and sub-60 degree temperatures leave them vulnerable to depression and stress – 'winter-over syndrome'," a report on the station said.
"Home comforts include a hydroponic salad garden and a climbing wall within a double-height central space lined with Lebanese cedar, selected for its scent.
"The architect also worked with a color psychologist to identify "refreshing and stimulating" shades, and developed a bedside lamp with a daylight bulb to simulate sunrise."Perhaps Antarctic conditions aren't so brutal after all.
Copyright © 2013 Yahoo!7
All rights reserved.
Select your state to see news for your area.


text:
How do I know where the resistor would be placed if I were prototyping?
It is all part of the design knowing if you need a resistor to limit any current on not.
Basically the switch resistor is a pull up or pull down resistor, these are needed.
The arduino can not supply enough current to drive a low impedance speaker, the current must be kept below 40mA. So an 8 ohm speaker would give you a current of 5 / 8 = 625mA if connected up directly. This will damage your arduino. So the maximum load on a pin would be 5 / 0.04 = 125 Ohms, therefore you need a 125 - 8 = 117 ohm resistor in line with an 8 ohm speaker. That is going to make the volume very low, but that is another problem.


text:
Telemetry in Marine Environments are used for various mission critical applications. For near shore applications people use a cellular solution for telemetry. However when the distance from shore becomes bigger the best option for data transmission is Radio Telemetry.
Over the years Satel has been used in various applications, such as:
- Port Monitoring (Tide, Turbidity, Salinity, Current Speed and Direction)
- Mooring and Berthing operations
- Hydrographic Surveys and Oceanographic Surveys
- Offshore Measurements (Oil and Gas, Helideck Monitoring)
- MetOcean (Weather Sensors and Subsea sensors combined)
- AUV (Data transmission when the unit comes to the surface)
- Rig Moves
- Dredging Operations (Control of the pump station)
For environmental monitoring around rivers and lakes people are looking oftenly for a more cost effective solution. We recommend the 2N telemetry solution for transmission of various sensors over various interfaces.


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Android uses the Linux kernel instead of some "Android kernel", so why is ext3 not supported on Android 2.3?
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The filesystem support is device-specific, and in fact many devices using Android 2.3 support ext3 in the kernel (or ext4, which can also mount ext3 and ext2 filesystems).
Usually the difference in filesystem support is due to different hardware. Older devices often used raw NAND flash chips and MTD drivers in Linux, which did not support conventional filesystems such as ext4; only special filesystems such as YAFFS or JFFS2 could be used on such devices. In this case having ext3 or ext4 support in the kernel was not necessary, and it could be omitted to save some memory; to get ext3/4 support on such device you will need to flash a custom kernel (or, in some cases, an external module could be compiled instead of replacing the whole kernel).
More recent devices usually use eMMC storage, which provides a block device instead of raw flash; such devices mostly use ext4 for their filesystems, and therefore should have support for mounting ext3 filesystems (although actually using it to mount a custom filesystem, e.g., on a separate SD card partition, will require root access).
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The Doctoral Course in "Cultura, Educazione, Comunicazione" is part of the École Doctorale Internationale "Culture, éducation, communication". The international perspective of the school allows to define curricula more responsive to the needs of research projects characterized by interdisciplinarity and by an international perspective. Main aims of the Course: – to ensure high quality education and training for research in the field of education; – to develop competences and skills needed for educational research at an international level; – to develop the knowledge of different EU languages and cultures, through the participation in the activities of the international school. The course is organized in two different curricula: a. Comunicazione educativa (educational communication); b. Apprendimento permanente (Lifelong Learning).
The candidates are requested to present a proposal for a research project to be developped during the PhD course.
If requested by the candidates, the oral examination can be organised via Skype.


Static Linking
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Revision as of 19:19, 2 October 2016 by Molly (talk | contribs) (→Linking and Free Pascal: add information about objectpath and librarypath)
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This topic is about static linking against AROS sdk libraries/objects with FPC compiler.
First let's take this moment here to inform that the acquired information and results could not have been obtained and created without the really fantastic help and support provided by AROS developer Deadwood. We can't thank him enough for his patience and shared knowledge. Also a big thank you to Chain-Q for helping us through this process by implementing new calling mechanism support in FPC for AROS.
When source-code is compiled by the compiler, there is a special program being used to accomplish the task of generating a workable executable for you. That program is called a linker.
Wikipedia explains what is a linker [1]:
And on the topic of static linking Wikipedia writes [2]:
Static linking is the result of the linker copying all library routines used in the program into the executable image. This may require more disk space and memory than dynamic linking, but is more portable, since it does not require the presence of the library on the system where it is run.
The latter description being what we would like to accomplish with Free Pascal and AROS. The AROS SDK comes accompanied with quite some interesting available static libraries which we would like to use. Besides the SDK, the AROS archives also contains static libraries that were ported to AROS.
In case wondering, Wikipedia writes about a static library [3]:
Linking and Free Pascal
Free Pascal is just like any other compiler out there in that it is able to use an external linker such as from binutils provided linker (ld, or in the specific case of AROS it calls ld indirectly using the collect-aros binutil) in order to link against (static) objects in order to incorporate the linked code into the final produced executable.
An important thing to realize before any attempt is made to link against object files, is that the compiler is to be told where exactly it is able to locate those objects(-libraries) (in case you do not have them lined up side by side to your source-code).
 - In order to link against objects you can either use directive {$OBJECTPATH} or better configure fpc.cfg to specify the path using the option -Fo
 - In order to link against object libraries you can either use directive {$LIBRARYPATH} or better configure fpc.cfg to specify the path using option -Fl
Of course on both occasions it is also valid to provide these options providing them as command-line parameter
Some keywords with regards to linking and Free Pascal
 - directive {$LINK} [4]
 - directive {$LINKLIB} [5]
 - Errors of assembling/linking stage [6]
Some (Free Pascal) caveats:
 - The Free Pascal compiler is only able to show linker results when the main program source is compiled
 - The Free Pascal compiler will only link when at least one functionality of the static libraries is actually invoked inside your code. Just linking against the object(s) does not necessarily means the linker will link in all the requested objects.
 - When exported symbols are not 'used' in the eyes of the compiler, they will get optimized away, even when optimizations are turned off. This is a very important caveat to realize and it requires some trickery in order to force the compiler to do our bidding.
There are also some additional caveats depending on which linking method is being used, for that please refer to their corresponding paragraphs which describes those caveats.
In the process of experimenting with this topic different approaches were taken in order to achieve results.
It is always a bit of a difficult spot to give a name to something that was recently accomplished as the mind is still full of impressions focused on accomplishing a single goal, thereby losing oversight of the bigger picture (so in case reader has a better name for them, please feel free to suggest). So, at first idea i describe the different approaches:
 - Method 1: controlled linking with FPC
 - Method 2: 'Abuse' AROS' default startup/linking system
Linking Method 1
For a practical example see static MikMod - method 1
Linking Method 2
For a practical example see static MikMod - method 2
 - Step 1: Link in basic required objects
For this approach at least these 3 default items should be linked to your project:
 - libarosc.a
 - libautoinit.a
 - startup.o
These 3 link objects are the bare minimum required to resolve the symbols that are needed to get your chosen library linked in correctly in order to be used inside your Pascal project.
{$LINKLIB libarosc.a}
{$LINKLIB libautoinit.a}
{$LINK startup.o}
While libarosc takes care of resolving the clib functions, libautoinit supplies initialization routines (also symbols needed by libarosc) while startup.o takes care of providing the actual startup code and resolves the last bits of symbols needed by libarosc and libautoinit.
On the Pascal side of things we would need to implement functionality that initializes things as AROS would do. More on this later.
 - Step 2: Link in library of choice
If the above 3 objects are linked in successfully then we are left with the most important part namely linking in the static library of your choice.
This is done in a similar way:
{$LINKLIB NameOfYourPreferredLibray.a}
... where you replace the part "NameOfYourPreferredLibray.a" with the filename of the library that you actually wish to link to.
When done so successfully, you are able to use the functionality from this library to be used from Pascal side.
Note that sometimes a static library needs other objects to be able to resolve all missing symbols, in which case additional objects would need to be linked in as well. Which objects that are exactly depends completely on the library that is linked against and would require some proper research.
In case you are familiar with c-coding on AROS you are probably already aware which objects are used by the different available static libraries.
 - Step 3: Declaring Pascal headers for the linked library
Although said in the previous step that you could now use the functionality from the static library, we can only make such thing happen when all types, constants and functions have been declared in a so called Pascal wrapper.
That is also reason it is easier to link against the library of your choice in an existing header file that is already available for your library. In worse case scenario such header file does not exist and in which case you would have to convert from original sdk of that library.
It is a bit out of scope to make here a full example, therefor please see here for an example for libmikmod.
Be sure to at least read the chapter "Linking Issues" of the Free Pascal manual. There you are able to read about keywords/modifiers such as "external", "cvar" and "name" which more or less are used to import and export variables and procedures/functions.
 - Step 4: Mimic startup code
In order to get the initialization process used by AROS working for use with Free Pascal we are obligated to mimic some of that behaviour, otherwise we would be linking but none of the linked in objects would then be properly initialized (and so things would crash on usage).
The code we need to mimic originates from the file startup.c (it is indeed the original source-file that created the startup.o object that we linked against).
The two functions that we need to call are:
 - __startup_entries_init;
 - __startup_entries_next;
But, in order to be able to do so we also need some additional code:
 - Export and intialize SysBase variable
 - Export and intialize DOSBase variable
 - import function __startup_entries_init()
 - import function ___startup_entries_next()
 - Create a wrapper function __startup_entries_next() that invokes ___startup_entries_next()
If that's implemented then we are almost there, albeit some additional tuning for Free Pascal is required (more on that later).
Let's start with implementing the basic things first (and remember that exported variables mingle with c-code and that c-code is case sensitive), and let's use the main program file for this case in order to do so
 // Import variables SysBase and DOSBase
 SysBase : Pointer; cvar; export;
 DOSBase : Pointer; cvar; export;
 // Import the two startup entries functions
 procedure __startup_entries_init; cdecl; external;
 procedure ___startup_entries_next(SystemBase: Pointer); cdecl; external;
// startup_entries_next() wrapper function
procedure __startup_entries_next;
// AROSC Initialization routine
procedure AROSC_Init;
 // Intialialize SysBase variable
 SysBase := AOS_ExecBase;
 // Initialize DOSBase variable
 DOSBase := AOS_DosBase;
 // Call startup_entries_init()
 // Call startup_entries_next()
Under no circumstances run this code yet, or at least, not with calling the function __startup_entries_next() yet (you can comment it out to see the results sofar if you like).
Now, proceed to the following step
 - Step 5: Let's say hello to Pascal
In case you didn't listen and did call __startup_entries_next from the previous step, then you might have seen that there is some looping going on, and for sure no additional Pascal code is fired (