Question: What Is The Difference Between Weld And Attach In Cricut?
What does Weld do on Cricut?
The Weld tool allows you to join shapes to create a single customized image by removing any overlapping cut lines.
This can be a great way to simplify a design, keep the letters of a word connected, or combine shapes to create new designs..
Why can't Cricut slices use TI?
First quirk: you can only slice two shapes at one time, so if you have more than two things selected the Slice tool in the lower right corner will be grayed out. If you find this grayed out, you may have an object grouped — use the Ungroup tool at the top of the layers panel to ungroup.
How do I put letters together on my Cricut?
After you have positioned the letters exactly how you want them, use the Weld tool to connect them. Don't forget to weld your letters together or Cricut will cut each letter out individually. Select all of the letters that you would like to connect, and click the Weld button in the bottom-right corner of Design Space.
What is the difference between group and attach in Cricut?
Like Group, Attach will keep your project together on the canvas. However, unlike group, when you send it to the mat in Design Space, it will keep its formatting and stay as one. Attach is specifically useful when adding text as writing.
Why does Cricut fill in letters?
This happens because the letter next to it was overlapped just a little too much. You can undo and try to scoot it over just a tiny bit and try again. You can also increase the size of the whole word, correct any needed spacing, and weld. Then return it to the size you need.
What does it mean to flatten in design space?
Flatten is a tool that turns multi-layered images into a single-layered image. SVG cut files with multiple layers can be flattened down into single-layered images, printed out with your printer, and cut out with your Cricut machine, using print-and-cut.
Why won't Cricut let me attach?
Using Attach in Cricut Design Space is pretty simple, but there are a few rules you have to follow. You must be working with at least two shapes/layers. You can't attach a single layer; the Attach button will be greyed out if only one layer is selected. Attaching always fastens shapes "down" to the bottom layer.
How do I get my Cricut to cut exact layout?
To change the position of your design on the cutting mat, all you need to do is select your design and manually drag it to change its position. Wherever you drag the design on the mat, the position will be locked in and your Cricut will cut it out in that exact position on your mat.
What does Weld attach and flatten mean on Cricut?
print then cutIf you attach you're telling your machine to cut everything in one mat; that's why it changes colors. Something similar happens with weld; you are making all those layers into one. Unless, you are trying to print then cut (flatten), then your designing process is done, and you need to cut.
Why won't Cricut let me weld?
Using Weld in Cricut Design Space is pretty simple, but there are a few rules you have to follow. You must be working with at least two shapes/layers. You can't weld a single layer; the Weld button will be greyed out if only one layer is selected. Welding always merges shapes "down" to the bottom layer.
How do I make lines thicker in Cricut Design space?
Note: There's no way for you to add a thick line, but I will show you a trick that may work for you as well.Let's learn together.Step 1 – Add a scoring line.Select Draw or Cut to get solid lines.Create a thick line with a square.Different Linetype for thick lines in Cricut Design Space.Right-click and select save!Oct 5, 2020
Can you undo weld on Cricut?
If you weld shapes or text together, you need to be absolutely sure that everything is in the correct position, because at this stage there is no way to unweld something in Cricut Design Space. … If you weld something, and then click 'undo' immediately, it will unweld.
What is SnapMat on Cricut?
What is SnapMat? SnapMat helps you visualize image and text placement by capturing a photo of your material on the cutting mat. You can see the layout as a virtual mat preview. Images and text can be repositioned over the photo for ideal placement.
What does it mean to attach on Cricut?
Attach holds your cuts in position relative to one another so that images on the cutting mat are positioned exactly as arranged on the Canvas. Add images and text to the project and arrange as desired. Select the images you would like to cut in a specific arrangement. You will want to attach by layer or color.
What does slice mean in Cricut?
What does contour mean in Cricut Design space?
The Contour tool allows you to hide a portion of an image layer by removing any unwanted cut lines. Follow the detailed steps below to use the Contour function. Step 1 – You will need to ungroup an image first if it has multiple layers.


You are buying packages of beads to make bracelets. Each package costs $3 plus 7% tax. You have a gift card for $15, and you plan to use only the gift card to pay for the beads. Which function c(p) represents the total cost, where p represents the number of packages of beads you purchase? What is a reasonable domain?
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 1. c(p) = 3.00p * 1.07
 since c <= 15,
 3.00p*1.07 <= 15.00
 p <= 5/1.07 = 4.67
 So, a max of 4 packages can be purchased
 1. 👍 0
 2. 👎 0
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text:
Many UNC instructors use (and prefer) the PostEm tool for displaying grades and feedback to students. Providing prompt feedback to students is one of Chickering and Gamson's Seven Principles for Good Practice in Undergraduate Education and can be accomplished easily in Sakai.
What is PostEm?
PostEm is a spreadsheet viewer tool that displays information privately to students. Instructors can use PostEm to display grades or feedback by uploading a specially formatted.csv file.
PostEm may be right for you if you…
- maintain your grades in a spreadsheet outside of Sakai.
- want to display H, P, L grades to your students.
- use a spreadsheet to drop the lowest score.
- have extra credit built into your grading system.
- prefer to display your comments next to letter or number grades.
How to use PostEm:
1. Enable the tool: Site Info > Edit Tools > PostEm
2. Create a spreadsheet
- First column is Onyens/usernames
- First row is headings
3. Add info > upload
Note that each time you want to display new information or grades, you will upload a new version of the.csv file to PostEm to release to students.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Our live online math tutors can help you with probability word problems.
Word Problem #2630
If there are 20 red marbles and 15 blue marbles what would be the probability of choosing one blue marble from a bag?
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Become a member to gain access to all of our word problems, their available solutions, worksheets and video tutorials.

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I have to find error in the sentence--
The aroma of the invigorate morning cup of tea comes (1)/ wafting up the stairway and soon I am (2)/ sipping it slowly and reverentially without rushing. (3)/ No error (4)
They say there is an error in the first part but I don't think so. There is a similar sentence in oxford dictionary
'The aroma of the fresh coffee could be smelled half way down the street, says Muriel.'
Please help me....
 - 1
 "(to) invigorate" is a verb, but it is used here as an adjective. The adjective form is invigorating. – TypeIA May 29 '19 at 8:53
 - _USER_ This is an answer to the question. Please use the "answer" option for this, instead of commenting. – Ryan Jensen May 30 '19 at 22:07
 - 1
 _USER_ I'm familiar with the answer button; this was indeed meant to be a passing comment (trom my smartphone) rather than a complete answer. If it does happen to be the correct and complete answer, feel free to post it. (I see that you did exactly that and I will +1) – TypeIA May 31 '19 at 8:34
As TypeIA pointed out, the wrong form of "invigorate" is used here. Invigorate is a verb, and in this sentence it is used as if it were an adjective. Changing the word to "invigorating" gives us this sentence, which is grammatically correct:
The aroma of the invigorating morning cup of tea comes wafting up the stairway and soon I am sipping it slowly and reverentially without rushing.
It should be noted that, while this new sentence is grammatically valid, it still has what is almost certainly an error; "it," the object of "sipping" in the second clause, refers to the subject of the first clause, "aroma." It is very likely the author meant they were sipping the tea, but the sentence states that they are sipping its aroma.
Your Answer


text:
- For Teachers
The resulting number is your Gunning Fog Index.
The Gunning Fog Index gives the number of years of education that your reader hypothetically needs to understand the paragraph or text. The Gunning Fog Index formula implies that short sentences written in plain English achieve a better score than long sentences written in complicated language.
For reference, the New York Times has an average Fog Index of 11-12, Time magazine about 11. Typically, technical documentation has a Fog Index between 10 and 15, and professional prose almost never exceeds 18.


text:
Stefansson, Dr. Anderson and the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913–1918:
A Story of Exploration, Science and Sovereignty.
Mercury series, History paper no 56
Author: Stuart E. Jenness
Release date: April 2011
Impressive in its scope and scholarship, this book presents the first comprehensive and authoritative account of the storied Canadian Arctic Expedition and the personal animosity of its co-leaders: the intrepid explorer/ethnologist Vilhjalmur Stefansson and the respected scientist Rudolph Anderson.
The 440-page volume details the Expedition's successes and tragedies, including the discovery of islands never before mapped and the sinking of the flagship Karluk. After 90 years, all the elements of this important and compelling story have finally been woven into a single volume. It is long overdue. The book includes 84 illustrations and maps, several appendices, and a detailed bibliography.
The author is uniquely qualified to tell this story. His father was Diamond Jenness, a scientist on the Expedition, and he knew or met eight Expedition members, including both Stefansson and Dr. Anderson.


text:
The definition of politic is someone who is shrewd, tactful or unethical.(adjective)
An example of politic is a decision made because it it likely to be accepted by the voters and will make the politician more popular; a politic decision.
Politic is defined as to participate in campaigning.(verb)
An example of politic is to run for office.
See politic in Webster's New World College Dictionary
Origin: ME polytyk < MFr politique < L politicus < Gr politikos, of a citizen < politēs: see police
See politic in American Heritage Dictionary 4
Origin: Middle English politik
Origin:, from Old French politique
Origin:, from Latin polīticus, political
Origin:, from Greek polītikos
Origin:, from polītēs, citizen
Origin:, from polis, city; see pelə-3 in Indo-European roots.
Learn more about politic


Matching and Netting Agreements
Matching and Netting Agreements
Netting and matching are a feature of foreign exchange risk management and are carried out to reduce the scale of external hedging required.
For example, Group X is expecting to receive $10 million in one subsidiary and pay $6 million at the same time in another subsidiary. Clearly the group only has a net exposure of a receipt of $4 million.
The terms 'netting' and'matching' are often used interchangeably but strictly speaking they are different:
 - Netting refers to netting off group receipts and payments, as in the example above.
 - Matching extends this concept to include third parties such as external suppliers and customers.
Normally netting/matching only occurs in one currency at a time - in the above example $ were matched against $. However, if an agreement exists to do so, groups can also match different currencies against each other. This is the topic of this page.
The calculations can be presented in one of two ways: the tabular method and the diagrammatical method. Both are explained below.
Tabular method
Step 1: Set up a table with the name of each company down the side and across the top.
Step 2: Input all the amounts owing from one company to another into the table and convert them into a common (base) currency (at spot rate).
Step 3: By adding across and down the table, identify the total amount payable and the total amount receivable by each company.
Step 4: Compute the net payable or receivable, and convert back into the original currency.
Diagrammatical method
Step 1: Convert all currency flows to a common (base) currency using spot rates (NOT forward or future rates).
Step 2: Clear the overlap of any bi-lateral indebtedness.
Step 3: Clear the smallest leg of any 3 way circuits.
Step 4: Clear the smallest leg of any 4 way circuits (then 5, etc).
Step 5: Convert back into original currencies.
Step 6: Use the simplified figures for:
A Settlement
B Setting up appropriate hedging tools.
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Last modified at 11/13/2012 3:39 PM by System Account (GMT) Greenwich Mean Time : Dublin, Edinburgh, Lisbon, London
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text:
is Cool Air Best?
Why is cool air best for Whooping Crane migration? Senior Pilot Joe Duff of Operation Migration answers.
Cooler air is more dense than warmer air. Warm air can actually hold more moisture because molecules are farther apart, making more room for moisture. Cold air is dense and compact; it's "thicker," so when you breathe in you get more oxygen. Thicker air also means there's more for a crane's wings to push against. When the propeller spins there's more thrust. When the wing flies there's more lift to it. The aircraft works better because the engine works better, the propeller works better, and the wing works better. And for the birds, their wings work better too. They get more oxygen and it's easier to cool their bodies. They don't overheat.
It's just a lot easier to fly in cold air. Cold air is really a big factor in the birds' endurance. Warm air wears them out very quickly. You see them panting quickly, their tongues come out, they start to splay their feet to help cool their bodies, and they just can't fly."
Try This! Journal Questions
North is pleased to feature this educational adventure made possible


text:
COLUMBUS, Ohio Scientists have caught male topi antelopes in the act of faking fear in front of females in heat as a way to improve their chances of having sex.
The male antelopes, observed in southwest Kenya, send a false signal that a predator is nearby only when females in heat are in their territories. When the females react to the signal, they remain in the territory long enough for some males to fit in a quick mating opportunity.
The signal in this case, an alarm snort, is not a warning to other antelopes to beware, but instead tells a predator that it has been seen and lost its element of surprise, the researchers found.
So when the scientists observed the animals misusing the snort in the presence of sexually receptive females, they knew they were witnessing the practice of intentional deception a trait typically attributed only to humans and a select few other animal species.
"There is very little evidence that animals use deception, and to make that link that the deception is intentional is very difficult," said Wiline Pangle, co-author of the study and a visiting scholar in evolution, ecology and organismal biology at Ohio State University. "It's almost amusing to us. The female hears the snort and thinks, 'oops, there is a lion.' She steps back, and the male comes around and mates. It's striking."
Pangle conducted the research with Jakob Bro-Jrgensen of the University of Liverpool. The paper appears online and is scheduled for print publication in the July issue of the journal The American Naturalist.
Pangle and Bro-Jrgensen, a longtime expert in topi behavior, met while they were conducting separate field work in the Masai Mara National Reserve in Kenya, where Pangle studies the survival strategies of the antelopes' carnivorous predators. Over dinner, they discussed Bro-Jrgensen's observation that he had witnessed this sexual deception, and they teamed to conduct a rare controlled st
|Contact: Wiline Pangle|
Ohio State University


can have a same projective closure. For example, look at $P^1(C)$, then $C$ is an affine open subset, and $C-{0}$ is also an affine open subset. But in any case, if two affine varieties have a same projective closure, they are birational.
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text:
Build excitement with marchingorder Name Display. Highlight that special moment in time when the individual is recognized for all their hard earned achievements by personalizing the on-stage moment for each graduate. It is designed to be versatile, easy-to-use, and cost-effective.
marchingorder creates a card for each graduate; it has the student's information and a barcode. As graduates approach the stage that card is scanned, which adds the student's name to a queue in the marchingorder software. A staff member backstage controls exactly when the name goes on screen.
What is Displayed?
The on-screen graphic is 100% customizable for both style and content:
- Lower Third Graphic: contains 1-3 lines of text. It is combined with a live video shot of the graduate on-stage. It often includes the school logo and basic information about the graduate (name, hometown, degree, honors, etc).
- Full Screen Slide: fills the entire screen; it often includes longer text (thesis title, personal quote, etc) and/or photos.
- Video/Audio: play name recordings (see "ProNounce") or videos as the students cross the stage.


What are dynamic numbers and why do I need them?
Dynamic numbers are used by Delacon's call tracking solution to accurately track visitors to your website. This pool of numbers are provisioned by Delacon exclusively for you to be used on your website.
When concurrent visitors browse your site, each visitor will see a different call tracking number.
This number will follow the visitor around the website and will display on the pages that you nominate as pages that you want visitors to call from.
When the visitor ends their web browsing session, the call tracking number will be available again for another web visitor.
Dynamic numbers are available as both standard text numbers and image numbers.
How many call tracking numbers do I need for my website?
Delacon has devised a formula to calculate the amount of call tracking numbers. Importantly, you only need to use this formula for the web pages that require call tracking numbers.
There are several steps involved in the calculation.
Step 1
For web pages that have the same termination point, divide the average number of visitors each hour to those pages by 60.
Step 2
Multiply the figure obtained in Step 1 by the average time visitors spend on those pages.
Step 3
Repeat Steps 1 and 2 for all other web pages where you want to display call tracking numbers that have different termination points.
Step 4
Add together the figures from the calculations.
Now you have the amount of call tracking numbers you require to accurately track calls from your website.
Here's a theoretical example
Let's say you have on average 240 visitors each hour to the web pages you want to display a call tracking number and that each visitor stays on the site for one minute. Under this scenario our call tracking solution would require 4 numbers that divert to one termination point. That's 240 divided by 60 and multiplied by 1.
However what happens if you divert call tracking numbers to a second termination point on select pages?
If those web pages also have an average of 240 visitors each hour and each visitor stays on the site for one minute, then you require 8 call tracking numbers. That's 4 plus 4.
The same theory applies if you require multiple numbers on the same web page to redirect to different termination points. When using the formula, you should multiply the result for that page by the amount of termination points from each call tracking number.
Dynamic number calculator
To make it easy for you, we have developed a dynamic number calculator. When using the calculator, you still need to make multiple calculations if you're displaying call tracking numbers on different pages that redirect to different termination points.
Rolling Number Calculator
Number of Users
Enter your average number of users:
Enter your maximum number of users:
Amount of Time on Site
Enter the average amount of time the user stays on the site in minutes:
Enter the maximum amount of time the user stays on the site in minutes:
Span of Time
Enter the number of hours that most users browse your site.
For example:
If most users arrive between 7am and 7pm, then the number of hours is 12 hours.
If most users browse your site during the day and all night, then the number of hours is 24.
(24 hrs maximum)


text:
How long do cut tulips last?
Cut tulips last around 5 days. They will continue to open fully throughout their vase life. There are some tips you can try to help them last longer in a vase:
1. Keep your vase topped up with clean, cold water.
2. Keep your room temperature cool.
3. Keep your tulips out of direct sunlight.
How do you prepare tulips for vases?
To prepare your tulips for their vase, follow the simple steps below:
1. Unwrap your flowers and re-cut the stems using a pair of FLOWERBX Floral Scissors, about 2 - 3cm from the bottom at a 45° angle. This encourages water absorption and maximises vase life.
2. Remove excess foliage, the outer leaves and anything else that would sit below the waterline, as this will otherwise create debris build-up in your vase.
3. Next, fill your vase with lukewarm clean water, making sure to refresh it daily, or whenever the water turns murky. Top up with FLOWERBX Flower Food.
How long can cut tulips stay out of water?
Cut tulips cannot stay out of water for very long. Some other floral varieties will last a little longer than others without water, but tulips will not last more than a few hours at the most without water. To prolong life when not in a vase, you can wrap the stems in a wet cloth or paper towel, or attach water sources to the end of the stems.
How do you keep cut tulips from drooping?
To keep tulips from drooping, try some of the following tips!
- Choose young tulips that have closed flower heads.
- Keep your stems in water at all times.
- Always remove leaves below water level.
- Cut your tulip stems at a 45-degree angle to help with water absorption.
- Top up with fresh, cold water and flower food.
- Choose a tall and supportive vase style.
- Avoid heat sources, drafts, and extreme temperatures.
- Add a penny to your vase - the copper helps keep their stems straight!
What kind of vase do you use for tulips?
The best kind of vase to use for tulips is one that'll support them from their tallest stem length.
As a rule, your vase should be at least half as tall as your tulip stems. However, you may wish to switch to a shorter vase over time, as you cut your stems down. We would recommend our Royal Windsor Vase, Tall Wickstead Vase, or Wickstead Pot to perfectly showcase your flowers.
What is the most popular tulip colour?
The most popular tulip colour is red or pink. Specifically, the most popular tulip in this shade is the Angelique variety. It's not hard to see why, as it has soft pink flowers in a double tulip style, with an appearance very similar to a peony. You can shop our pink double tulip here
What do different colours of tulips mean
Different tulip colours hold their own meaning, which is particularly important when choosing a gift. All tulips symbolise pure and deep love, with the rarest colour of tulip being black tulips:
Red tulips mean love and romance.
Pink tulips symbolise friendship, care and good wishes.
White tulips show forgiveness and respect, highlighting innocence and purity.
Yellow tulips sybolise happiness, cheer, and brighter days ahead - due to their association with spring and Easter.
Purple tulips symbolise regality, royalty, and rebirth.
Do tulips open up in vase?
Yes! Tulips continue to open in thier vase, and there are ways you can trick tulips into blooming should you need them to look their best for a certain date. A common trick to get your flowers to open quicker is to cut the stems at a 45-degree angle, so that they can absorb the water in the vase faster. You can also prolong your tulips vase life by buying them when they are green and closed, allowing you to watch them open from bud over a longer time.


text:
Project: Medical Devices
Categories: Imaging - Medical
Manager: Dr Abigail Watts
Intelligent Adaptive X-ray Imaging System
Available For: Licensing and co-development
Professor Robert Speller and his team at University College London (UCL) have developed a new X-ray imaging system that adapts to the imaging task according to the diagnostic features within the image, resulting in optimum diagnostic information. Adaptive imaging enables optimisation of the recorded information at the same time as minimising the radiation dose or duration of examination.
The Technology and its Advantages
Adaptive systems that control the X-ray source output, such as automatic exposure control in planar imaging and CT, optimize how a detector receives exposure of the radiation so as to ensure that the detector receives an exposure within its operating dynamic range. The detector may be optimally exposed but the object may not be. The results in the problems of excess exposure to radiation, increased duration of examination or reduced signal-to-noise in the image.
As part of an international consortium, inventors at University College London have designed an intelligent imaging system which addresses these issues. The image from the radiated object is firstly analysed in order to assess its diagnostic quality, and subsequently the exposure conditions are adapted accordingly in real-time. This new system will revolutionise the way in which X-ray image information is collected and processed because of the ability to respond to changing conditions during image recording and hence optimise their performance in real time. The region of high information content within the subject is investigated most closely whilst the remaining regions of low interest are recorded with the minimum amount of radiation. The result is that maximum information collected with the minimum penalty – the ideal imaging system.
-Optimum diagnostic information is recorded in a single pass of the object
-Optimises image recording therefore producing a superior image
-Minimises radiation dose or duration of examination
-Other medical imaging e.g. encephalography
Intellectual Property Status
A US patent has been granted on this novel technology. Claims cover the method and arrangement of the system which enables the subject of the x-ray imaging system to be so exposed, as to provide improved diagnostic information.
Please contact Dr Chris Williams, UCL Business PLC, T: +44 (0)20 7679 9000 E: _EMAIL_
Print friendly version of Intelligent Adaptive X-Ray Imaging SystemOur technologies RSS feed


text: The Discover 4 Yourself Inductive Bible Studies for Kids teach children how to find out for themselves what the Bible is all about, and gives them fun and exciting ways to do it! In order to solve The Mystery of How to Study the Bible students must go through inductive detective training. Max, Molly, and their beagle Sam come along to help them examine the scene (context), interpret clues (who, what, when, where, why, & how), unscramble secret messages (memory verses), and use their walkie-talkies (prayer). Many important interpretive skills are covered, even using a concordance and expository dictionary. Recommended for ages 9 to 12.


What exactly is a wahoo?
August 23, 2012
Lahaina News
LAHAINA - Most of the Lahaina Charter fleet landed ono during July, with 116 hitting the docks.
With the nice weather holding for a couple of days, the boats headed to Molokai.
The best day saw 30 ono caught, with two other days seeing 19 fish hanging.
Article Photos
Most often the peak ono season is between late spring and early fall. They are normally found in abundance during the summer.
Wahoo, better known in Hawaiian waters as ono, are the biggest, fastest and meanest mackerel in America. It can reach speeds of up to 45 miles per hour in short bursts, allowing quick capture of prey species.
What exactly is a wahoo? It is a unique member of the tuna family called Scombridae; a "tribe" line of the tunas and mackerels called seerfish. That "tribe" contains the 18 species of Scomberomorus (king and Spanish mackerels) around the world, with the unique wahoo in its only species, Acanthocybium solandri.
Even the names, both common and scientific, are interesting. In 1769, the crew on James Cook's Endeavour, north of Tahiti, caught the first of these speedsters to be recorded in the Western world. It was scientifically named (Solandri) to honor the great Swedish scientist on board the Endeavour, Dr. D.C. Solander.
The name "wahoo" logically dates from the early whalers and missionary settlers seeing and utilizing the fine edible species in the Hawaiian Islands. Then and now, Oahu, which they pronounced and sometimes spelled "Wahoo," was an important base. The Hawaiians had long recognized the quality of wahoo with their name "ono," meaning delicious or tasty.
Wahoo are open ocean swimmers found near the surface in tropical and subtropical waters around the world. Wahoo live in tropical waters year-round but move with the changing seasons, traveling into cooler waters during warm summer months.
Most often the peak ono season is between late spring and early fall, and they are normally found in abundance during the summer. They are frequently found alone or in small, loosely connected groups rather than in compact schools. They are also often found near banks, pinnacles and flotsam (natural debris drifting in the ocean).
They grow fast, attaining a length of three-and-a-half feet the first year. Twoand three-year-olds are five feet long. The maximum reported size for the wahoo is 98 inches total length with a maximum weight of 184 pounds.
Typically, individuals attain a size of 39 to 66 inches. After reaching a length of 38 to 41 inches, individuals grow at a rate of 1.2 to 1.5 inches per month. Latitude appears to influence size, with average weight increasing with distance from the equator, apparently correlated to cooler temperatures.
A 58.4-pound fish caught was five feet, three inches long; a 66-pound fish was five feet, three-and-a-half inches long; with a 71.7-pound fish five feet and six inches long. A 183-pounder was almost seven feet long. Not only do they get long, they get girthy.
The current IGFA all-tackle record is by a woman at 184 pounds, eight ounces on 80-pound test from Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, in 2005. The Hawaii state record is 133 pounds, three ounces in 2000 off Pohoiki, Hawaii. The Lahaina Harbor record is 78 pounds aboard the Charger back in 1984 by Capt. Mike Kearns and crewman Shadow.
Wahoo are sexually mature at one to two years of age. They usually live to about six years of age but can live longer. Male wahoo appear to reach maturity at a smaller size and possibly younger age than females.
Males are able to reproduce when they reach 2.8 feet in length; females are sexually mature when they reach 3.3 feet. They are usually about a year old at this size.
Wahoo start breeding at one-year-old. Female wahoo are very fertile, averaging approximately 40,000 mature eggs per two pounds of body weight. Females can produce up to 60 million eggs during spawning. The larvae are pelagic and prefer shallower water (less than 300 feet or so). The size of wahoo at hatching is 2.5 millimeters. Babies are two-thirds fish and one-third alligator.
Wahoo spawn year-round in tropical waters and during the summer in higher latitudes, including Hawaii, when sea surface temperatures are over 75 degrees Fahrenheit. Individual wahoo spawn multiple times throughout the spawning season. They are very productive, releasing millions of eggs per year to compensate for eggs that might not survive to adulthood.
In the subtropical Pacific Ocean, the wahoo spawning season extends for five months, although in equatorial regions of the Pacific, larval wahoo have been found year-round, suggesting a more prolonged spawning season.
The condition and abundance of wahoo appear to be related to a simple annual reproductive cycle. The condition of wahoo is highest in May before the spawning season and declines through the spawning season, reaching a minimum in July-August. Catch peaks in summer, during the spawning season, suggest that wahoo may gather near the islands to spawn.
Migration related to reproduction may also explain some of the seasonality in catch rates of wahoo near the Hawaiian Islands. The occurrence of wahoo larvae in plankton tows within 15 miles from shore of the main Hawaiian Islands has been reported during June-September.
It appears that wahoo migrate from the open ocean to the islands and banks to reproduce, then leave the islands and banks to feed in the open ocean. Surface currents and eddies generated in the island wakes are mechanisms that could transport larvae and juveniles to the open ocean.
A limited amount of spawning could also occur offshore. However, a move to nearshore waters in May for spawning throughout the summer would be consistent with the increase in condition and catch rates in the nearshore fisheries. The highest abundance areas for wahoo are southwest of the islands year-round but spread northward into coastal banks distributed over 1,200 square miles in summer.
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Biomass pellets are a type of biomass fuel, generally made from wastes from wood products manufacture, agricultural wastes, forestry residues etc. Pellets are manufactured in several types and grades as fuels for electric power plants, homes, and other applications. Pellets are extremely dense and can be produced with a low moisture content (below 10%) that allows them to be burned with very high combustion efficiency.
According to International Energy Agency, wood pellet production has more than doubled between 2006 and 2010 to over 14 million tons. Pellet-making equipment is available at a variety of sizes and scales, which allows manufacture at domestic as well industrial-scale production.
Manufacture of Biomass Pellets
In a typical biomass pre-processing facility, feedstock arrives at the plant in chops or bales. The bales are cut into short pieces using a hydraulic piston pressing the fodder against a grid of knives. The bales can also be shredded using a roller and knife arrangement. If the moisture is more than 15%, the chopped biomass is dried in a drum dryer.
Loose cut biomass has a low bulk density ranging from 50 to 120 kg/m3 depending on the particle size. In case of chopped and ground biomass, the bulk density can be increased substantially (~ 25%) by vibrating the biomass holder (e.g. truck box, container etc.). The biomass must be mechanically compacted to increase its density as densified biomass, such as briquettes, cubes, and pellets, has densities in the range of 300 to 700 kg/m3.
Pellets are usually in the form of a hardened biomass cylinder, made by extruding ground biomass through round or square cross sectional dies. The unit density of pellets is 960 to 1120 kg/m3 while the bulk density is around 750 kg/m3. On the other hand, typical bulk density of cubes lies between 450 – 550 kg/m3 depending upon the size.
In preparation for pelletizing, the dried chops are ground in a hammer mills and mixed with saturated steam which heats and moisturizes grind biomass. For cubing, the chops are not ground and small quantity of water is added to biomass. The steam or water acts as a lubricant to enhance binding. The moisture content of mash before pelletizing is usually 10% while that of chops before cubing is 12%.
The pre-processing of biomass may consist only of grinding. The grind will have a bulk density of 180 kg/m3 in the truck box which is suitable for short hauls. For longer hauls and long term storage, it is preferred to densify biomass to pellets or cubes. Dense biomass requires less area and volume for storage and transport than loose biomass.
Advantages of Biomass Pellets
In addition to savings in transportation and storage, granulated biomass facilitates easy and cost effective handling. Dense cubes pellets have the flow ability characteristics similar to those of cereal grains. Bulk handling equipment for granular material is well developed and available commercially.
A high-quality pellet is dry, hard, and durable, with low amounts of ash remaining after combustion. According to the Pellet Fuels Institute, "premium" pellets (which are the most common pellets currently on the market) must have an ash content of less than 1 percent, whereas "standard" pellets may have as much as 2 percent ash. All pellets should have chloride levels of less than 300 parts per million and no more than 0.5 percent of fines (dust).
The regular geometry and small size of biomass pellets allow automatic feeding with very fine calibration. They can be fed to a burner by auger feeding or by pneumatic conveying. Their high density also permits compact storage and rational transport over long distance. They can be conveniently blown from a tanker to a storage bunker or silo on a customer's premises.


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What Data Does WalkMe Collect?
Updated on December 17, 2020 Download PDFDownload as PDF
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Brief Overview
WalkMe allows you to gain insights about user behavior around your WalkMe content and on your website itself. To provide this insight, WalkMe collects information such as which Walk-Thrus are completed and which WalkMe widgets are opened.
Does WalkMe Collect Sensitive Information?
By default, WalkMe does not collect personally identifiable information (PII) other than IP addresses in logs for security purposes, end users' approximate geolocation (country and city in which they are located) and masked IP addresses for the ongoing operation of the WalkMe system. WalkMe assigns collected metadata to anonymous random GUID.
The user identifier, which can also contain PII, is collected and sent according to the end-user identification settings configured for the account. (See our Unique User Settings support article). When the end-user ID provider you configured in settings is not available (for instance, if the user is not logged in), the WalkMe anonymous generated ID is sent.
Additionally, WalkMe collects and transfers environment properties such as browser and OS, page URL and title. The collection of page URL and page title can be prevented upon customer request.
Higher tracking levels, which collect more information, can be defined upon customer request.
Example Analytics Parameters
Below is an example of an event sent by WalkMe's data recorder for WalkMe Engagement Analytics purposes:
 "oName":"Log in",
 "string":"Chrome 72.0.3626.121"
 "title":"Pink Alligator - ShopMe"
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The work is following the woodland management plan produced by the Friends of Littleheath together with The London Borough of Croydon, and supported by the Forestry Commission.The work is not funded by Croydon Council so is unaffected by their current financial situation. The work commenced Monday 8th February 2021.
What is a Ride?
Rides are open, sunny corridors through the woodland, where taller trees have been removed to allow more light in, helping a wider variety of wildlife to flourish. At the edge of the path grow short, small plants such as grasses, herbs and flowers, which butterflies will thrive on. This short vegetation gives way to the shrubby growth like bramble, and then further from the path edge there are small trees that graduate into full woodland with taller, more mature trees and a shadier understory. They often form a link between open areas or glades thus creating a wildlife corridor. According to the Forestry Commission, the greatest benefit is gained when the width of the ride is equal to or greater than the height of the adjacent canopy trees. It is unlikely that the rides in Littleheath Woods will attain that width, especially Fields Path, as only one side will be cleared but nevertheless there will still be great benefits.
Where will the Rides be created?
The Council's Forestry Advisor proposed that two Rides be created in Littleheath Woods. One along Fields Path which links Clears Croft to Fallen Oak Field and the other on a section of the Vanguard Way running from the bottom of Fields Path towards the Croham Valley entrance. Contractors have taken down a selection of canopy trees along the eastern edge of Fields Path with a few good specimens left to provide a wind breaks or "buffers". Sadly, many of the large trees here were not in good health – there are some very old Silver Birches, which are not particularly long lived trees, a few unhealthy oaks and some ash which suffered from Ash Die Back. The second Ride Project ( Vanguard Way towards Croham Valley entrance) will be a separate, future, project.
Why are Rides Important?
Establishing woodland edge habitats, which are sunnier and warmer than the woodland proper, creates a high level of species diversity. The Forestry Commission estimates that a greater number of species inhabit the first 10 metres of any woodland edge or ride edge than inhabit the remainder of the woodland. Although Littleheath Woods contains two fields and therefore, it would seem, plenty of "woodland edge", mostly the tall, canopy trees grow around the boundaries, thus negating the benefit of the edge habitat. Edge habitats benefit many species, particularly rare and declining woodland butterflies such as the small pearl-bordered fritillary and the white admiral. The latter, a classic woodland species in the UK has recently suffered a decline in numbers. These big butterflies can be seen from late June until early August, flying up and down ride edges under the dappled light. The Butterfly Conservation Society also lists skippers, black hairstreaks, fritillaries and purple emperors as particular beneficiaries of rides. The herb layer supports a larger invertebrate population generally with subsequent benefit to birds and small mammals.
What Maintenance is Required?
The Friends have commenced a tidy up, along Fields Path, of the felled small branches and brash, creating habitat piles where appropriate. The felled trees will be uplifted to a stack when the ground conditions improve ready for being taken offsite for recycling.
No one can fail to notice the extensive bramble ground cover in Littleheath Woods and, whilst bramble does have great benefits in terms of shelter, nesting sites and food supply to a variety of species, it is possible to have too much of a good thing! Bramble does tend to be invasive and smothering, so in order to maintain a good "herb" layer at the Ride edge, the bramble will be cut once a year. The Friends group will regularly remove anything of any size that emerges in the herb layer as well as coppicing the hazel on a rotational basis.
Additional Contractor Work
CCF (Continuous Cover Forestry) is a process whereby groups of very old, failing and/or diseased trees are removed to open up the canopy and allow light in for new saplings to be planted and grow up as replacements. The section of the Vanguard Way which goes uphill from Fallen Oak Field to Foxearth Path is surrounded mainly by very old sweet chestnut trees. The plan over future years is to remove a number of these in sections replant with a sessile oak, scots pine, hornbeam and rowan. Whilst on site, the contractors made a start on this process by opening up two sites which will be planted up next year.


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PLoS Neglevted Trop Dis, Nov 2012
Chrysomya putoria, a Putative Vector of Diarrheal Diseases
Steven W. Lindsay, et al.
Author Summary – While it is well recognized that the house fly can transmit enteric pathogens, here we show the common African latrine fly, Chrysomya putoria, is likely to be an important vector of these pathogens, since an average latrine can produce 100,000 latrine flies each year. Our behavioral studies of flies in The Gambia show that latrine flies are attracted strongly to human feces, raw beef and fish, providing a clear mechanism for faecal pathogens to be transferred from faeces to food. We used PCR techniques to demonstrate that these flies are carrying Shigella, Salmonella and E. coli, all important causes of diarrhea. Moreover our culture work shows that these pathogens are viable. Latrine flies are likely to be important vectors of diarrheal disease, although further research is required to determine what proportion of infections are due to this fly.
Background – Chrysomya spp are common blowflies in Africa, Asia and parts of South America and some species can reproduce in prodigious numbers in pit latrines. Because of their strong association with human feces and their synanthropic nature, we examined whether these flies are likely to be vectors of diarrheal pathogens.
Methodology/Principal Findings – Flies were sampled using exit traps placed over the drop holes of latrines in Gambian villages. Odor-baited fly traps were used to determine the relative attractiveness of different breeding and feeding media. The presence of bacteria on flies was confirmed by culture and bacterial DNA identified using PCR. A median of 7.00 flies/latrine/day (IQR = 0.0–25.25) was collected, of which 95% were Chrysomya spp, and of these nearly all were Chrysomya putoria (99%). More flies were collected from traps with feces from young children (median = 3.0, IQR = 1.75–10.75) and dogs (median = 1.50, IQR = 0.0–13.25) than from herbivores (median = 0.0, IQR = 0.0–0.0; goat, horse, cow and calf; p<0.001). Flies were strongly attracted to raw meat (median = 44.5, IQR = 26.25–143.00) compared with fish (median = 0.0, IQR = 0.0–19.75, ns), cooked and uncooked rice, and mangoes (median = 0.0, IQR = 0.0–0.0; p<0.001). Escherichia coli were cultured from the surface of 21% (15/72 agar plates) of Chrysomya spp and 10% of these were enterotoxigenic. Enteroaggregative E. coli were identified by PCR in 2% of homogenized Chrysomya spp, Shigella spp in 1.4% and Salmonella spp in 0.6% of samples.
Conclusions/Significance – The large numbers of C. putoria that can emerge from pit latrines, the presence of enteric pathogens on flies, and their strong attraction to raw meat and fish suggests these flies may be common vectors of diarrheal diseases in Africa.


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fall and spring candidates for directed teaching will spend at least 10 days in a school setting shadowing a teacher. This activity begins on the first day teachers return to school for pre-planning. The purpose for this experience is to provide insight into the procedures in the opening of school and everything that is involved in preparing for and receiving the students. These two weeks do not count toward the 550 hours of directed teaching. This activity is called the August Experience.
Directed Teaching/Seminar (4895—550 clock hours)
Candidates who successfully complete Methods Block II, as well as meet the additional program criteria, are admitted into Directed Teaching/Seminar and enroll in a 12-semester hour directed teaching culminating clinical experience. Directed Teaching involves a 550-clock hour, all day clinical experience over a 15 week period. Candidates work closely with both a university supervisor and a clinical supervisor in a classroom setting. Candidates are expected to perform all the duties and responsibilities of a veteran teacher, with a minimum of two weeks (10 days) of full-time, all day teaching.
For more information, please contact the Office of Field Experiences, William Hubbard Education Building, Room 307, or call _PHONE_.
Assessment measures used to assess candidate knowledge, skills, and dispositions are identified at each phase of the program and are presented in data tables in the Unit Assessment System.
The first transition point occurs when candidates enter Phase I, Entrance to the Teacher Education Program. In Phase I data collected from candidates include: GPAs, Georgia Assessments for the Certification of Educators (GACE) Basic Skills scores, pre-professional portfolios, interviews for entrance to the program, Regents' Exam, writing sample, background check, dispositions assessments, Pre-Professional Block courses and field experiences, letters of recommendation, proof of liability insurance, membership in a professional organization. Information from these sources combined with faculty observation, and performance in selected courses and activities allows the unit to determine if prospective candidates are prepared for study at the professional education level of the teacher education program.
These data are collected on an ongoing basis as requirements for entrance to the Teacher Education Program (just prior to the beginning of a candidate's junior year).
The second transition point occurs when candidates enter Phase II, Entrance to Clinical Practice (Directed Teaching). In Phase II data collected on candidates include GPAs, GACE Subject Assessment scores, dispositions assessments, interviews for directed teaching, and professional portfolios. These data determine if candidates meet the requirements for entrance to directed teaching.
These data are collected on an ongoing basis and are formally assessed at the beginning of a candidate's senior year.
The third transition point occurs when candidates enter Phase III, Exit from Clinical Practice (Directed Teaching). In Phase III data collected include GPAs, GACE Subject Assessment scores, professional portfolios, dispositions assessments, exit surveys, directed teaching evaluations and completion of the Teacher Education Program. Information from Phase III measures allows the unit to determine the extent to which candidates have mastered the identified outcomes of being competent in content, being competent in pedagogy, possessing a caring disposition, appreciating diversity, and being skilled in the use of technology at the level of proficient educators.
These data are collected on an ongoing basis and are formally collected/assessed at the end of a candidate's senior year. They are a requirement for a recommendation for completion of the Teacher Education Program and for certification.
The fourth transition point occurs when graduates enter Phase IV, Entrance to the Profession. In Phase IV data collected include Graduate Surveys, Employer Surveys, and Alumni Surveys. Information from Phase IV measures allows the unit to determine the extent to which graduates have mastered the identified outcomes.
These data are collected at the end of a graduate's first year of teaching.
The progress of all students who are admitted into or are applying for admission into any initial or advanced program is monitored from the point of entrance to the program until they exit the program and enter the profession. This scrutiny begins in the first two years when candidates are enrolled in introductory education courses. It continues as candidates are admitted to the Teacher Education Program. Included are multiple assessments at four major Phases (transition points) in the program. A full description of the assessments used is included in the Unit Assessment System. The table below outlines the transition points and examples of assessments for each:
Transition Points (Phases) and Assessments – Initial Program
Phase I – Entrance to the Teacher Education Program
(Should be completed by the beginning of junior year)
- 2.70 or better GPA
- Georgia Assessments for the Certification of Educators (GACE) Basic Skills
- Pre-professional electronic portfolio
- Successful interview and presentation
- Background Check
- Satisfactory ratings on Dispositions Assessments
- Satisfactory completion of Pre-Professional Block
- Satisfactory completion of Educator Ethics – Program Entry (350)
Block courses and field experiences
- Acceptable Letters of Recommendation (3)
- Proof of Liability Insurance
- Membership in Professional Organization (GAESP, SPAGE or NAAE)
Phase II – Entrance to Clinical Practice
(Directed Teaching – Should be completed by beginning of senior year)
- 2.90 or better GPA
- Georgia Assessments for the Certification of Educators (GACE) Subject Assessment
- Satisfactory Ratings on Dispositions Assessments
- Interviews for Directed Teaching
- Development of Professional Electronic Portfolio
- Educator Ethics – Program Exit (360)
Phase III – Exit from Clinical Practice
(Directed Teaching/Exit from Program – Should be completed by end of Senior Year)
- 2.90 or Better GPA
- Georgia Assessments for the Certification of Educators (GACE) Subject Assessment
- Professional Portfolio
- Dispositions Assessments
- Exit surveys
- Directed Teaching Evaluations
- Completion of the Teacher Education Program
Phase IV Entrance to the Profession
(Should be completed at the end of a graduate's first year of teaching)
- Graduate Surveys
- Employer Surveys
- Alumni Surveys


OUJI-CR 5-68
No person may be convicted of forgery in the second degree unless the State has proved beyond a reasonable doubt each element of the crime. These elements are:
First, making/engraving/(causing to be made/engraved);
Second, without authority;
Third, a plate of a (promissory note)/(bill of exchange)/draft/check/(certificate of deposit)/(evidence of debt);
Fourth, issued by a bank;
Fifth, with the intent to use/(permit it to be used) for the purpose of taking therefrom any impression to be passed/sold/altered.
Statutory Authority: 21 O.S. 1991, § 1575.
Committee Comments
The crimes created by sections 1583 and 1584 are very similar in their elements to the crimes created by the statutes discussed under forgery in the first degree and prior second-degree forgery crimes. The Commission did not classify sections 1583 and 1584 under the earlier instructions because making false coins is generally thought of as a distinct crime called "counterfeiting," rather than the crime of forgery. Sections 1583 and 1584 are forgery crimes, however, because of the mens rea element indicated in the third element. In addition, since no Oklahoma cases have construed these two sections, it seemed more appropriate to deal with the sections separately to avoid cluttering the discussion of the forgery statutes normally used in Oklahoma.
Section 1588 creates a "classic" counterfeiting crime, i.e., making a false stamp. Whether the maker intends the stamp as a joke or as a specimen of his artistic skills, he has committed a crime. Section 1588 has never been construed in Oklahoma for the probable reason that the federal government has the paramount interest in protecting the manufacture of currency and stamps.
Section 1575 also seems to create a counterfeiting crime whereby the authority of a bank to issue certain types of documents is protected. Section 1576 is a definitional statute that indicates when a plate has sufficient resemblance to an authorized plate so as to come within the prohibition of section 1575. No Oklahoma cases have construed sections 1575 and 1576.


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Self-adhesive labels center-creased to wrap around folder tabs. Includes dispenser box with printed dividers.
- Self-adhesive labels center-creased to wrap around folder tabs.
- Includes dispenser box with printed dividers.
- Each label is printed for two alphabetic characters; simply strip away the letter not wanted. Type full surname or company name on label next to letter.
Label Size - text:
1 5/32 x 3 1/8
Printed Text Color(s):
End Tab;Top Tab
Dark Blue; Dark Brown; Dark Green; Gray; Lavender; Light Blue; Light Brown; Light Green; Orange; Pink; Purple; Red; Yellow
Labels Per Sheet:
Sheets Per Unit:
Labels Per Unit:
Pre-Consumer Recycled Content Percent:
Post-Consumer Recycled Content Percent:
Total Recycled Content Percent:
Sizes shown are before folding
Name Labels, First Letter and Combination Packages
Includes 1,500 labels.
Country of Origin:
* Country of Origin information is based on information provided by product manufacturers. The information has not been independently verified and we do not warrant its accuracy.


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Dust in your ear holes, dust in your eye.
Dust in those knickers you hung out to dry…
Whilst many coastal and bush land communities suffered the ravages of fire and flood this summer, some rural Australian towns suffer under the blanket of giant dust storms that can turn day into night and envelop everything in their path.
We spoke to Sarah Chamberlain, Director of Little Diggers Preschool and Childcare in Lightning Ridge, to find out how they deal with the dust storms, what they do to keep children safe and how they foster a positive mindset.
Lack of rain is drying out plants and topsoil across huge areas of country Australia. When conditions are right, the dry red dust gets picked up by wind gusts and carried hundreds of kilometres across Australia and even out to sea.
Towns like Lightning Ridge and Broken Hill in NSW are being swept by these giant dust storms more than once a month, all year round. Up to 15 dust storms were recorded across 2019 in these areas.
"You can feel a dust storm coming," says Sarah. "The air feels heavy and thick – just like that pressure or tension when a storm is coming. You can see this dark cloud on the horizon – at first you hope that it will bring rain. When you realise it's dust you have to quickly pack up all the outside areas, get all the children inside and close all the doors and windows.
"The children are 'wired', some of them understand what's happening but many are confused. We put on the air conditioner and do indoor activities all day."
It's the cumulative effect of the long drought, severe water restrictions and the increase in the number and severity of dust storms that weighs people down, says Sarah.
Dealing with the aftermath can be demoralising.
"We spent hours sweeping the red dust from the windows, doors and outdoor furniture after the last dust storm," shares Sarah. "If you've left anything out on the washing line you just have to re-wash. Some people can't be bothered to clean away the layers of dust from their doors and window sills because it will just get covered with dust again when the next one comes."
While the dirt and residue left by dust storms can be annoying and disheartening, it's the growing health concerns that are most worrying. Doctors are reporting a rise in the number of adults and children with asthma. This rise has been apparent even among people who previously had no difficulty breathing. Signs of difficulty breathing include: chest tightness, wheezing, coughing or shortness of breath.
"One thing you're hit with is the reality that water is so precious," says Sarah. "We need to look after it because we rely on it so much. We've been doing activities to learn about how important water is for survival and the need to save water.
"For outdoor play in the mud kitchen we fill the water container that has measuring markings inside and the children are told that's the only water they will get all day. We've also done experiments to show how plants need water to live.
"We also find ways to focus on kindness, gratitude, being grateful for what we do have. We want to support the wellbeing of the children and educators so we can be there for each other through the challenges that people face."
How Dust Storms Form
For dust storms to form, the soil needs to be dry and exposed.
Then you need strong winds that can pick up the soil and carry it across long distances. Just how powerful the wind needs to be depends on the size of the dust particles, but the minimum speed is about 30 kilometres per hour.
The storms are more likely to form if there's an unstable atmosphere that can lift the dust into the air.
Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) forecaster Jonathan How told ABC News that a classic example of an unstable atmosphere occurs ahead of a trough or a cold front, where air is rising, or before thunderstorms.
And the dust is likely to stay in the air and travel if there are dry conditions
Mr How says if the atmosphere is moist, there's a greater chance of seeing the dust particles condense into clouds or rain — or the dust could join together and become too heavy to be carried by the wind.
Precautions to take during a dust storm
- Stay indoors as much as possible, particularly if you are at risk of health problems.
- Close the windows, doors and vents.
- If possible, stay in an air-conditioned room.
- If you have to go outside, wear a mask over your mouth and nose to prevent you from breathing in dust. A P2 or P3 mask, available from a hardware store should be effective.
- Avoid exercise, particularly if outdoors.
- Be aware of any children with asthma or other conditions and their action plan or treatment plan.
(Reference: Dust Storms | healthdirect)


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Caritas Laments Plight of Women Refugees
Requests Resources to Protect and Heal Victims
| 2980 hits
VATICAN CITY, JUNE 19, 2009 (Zenit.org).- Caritas is decrying the lack of protection for women and girls in conflict zones, and is calling on governments and international organizations to act against these injustices.
The aid agency stated this today in a message sent for World Refugee Day, which will take place Saturday.
It highlighted the plight of female refugees who are often targets of violence in war and noted a "collective failure" to protect women and girls from rape and other forms of exploitation.
Martina Liebsch, coordinator of the migration and trafficking advocacy team, stated: "Humiliating women through violence and abuse is a common feature in armed conflicts around the world today.
"Women are often the last to leave as they stay to look after their families. This makes them vulnerable and subject to violence."
The communiqué reported that in Colombia, 17.7% of women who flee their homes reported sexual violence as the cause.
Women and girls who ran from violence in Sri Lanka reported fear of violence in the overcrowded refugee camps, and a lack of privacy which often leads to abuse.
Caritas noted that in the eastern region of the Democratic Republic of Congo, 463 rape cases were reported in the past three months, over double the amount in that space of time last year.
Liebsch asserted that the effects of this violence are "devastating."
She explained: "Apart from the physical and psychological damage that rape brings to the individual, there is also a grave risk of unwanted pregnancy and HIV infection.
"It affects families, communities and villages. Some will never totally recover from this attack to their dignity."
"Caritas says that although the international humanitarian laws are in place that guarantee the protection of civilians, women, and children, they are not being upheld," Liebsch stated.
She called for governments and international organizations to "address this failure by improving protection, medical treatment, counseling and means for rehabilitation and compensation."
"Women should be encouraged to report on the abuses they suffered to start their healing," said Liebsch. "To do justice to their suffering their perpetrators should be brought to justice."
Caritas reported the plan to make an appeal for women and children by sending representatives from 11 countries to a June 29 U.N. consultation meeting in Geneva on the topic of refugees.


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This is an exact hardware replica of the Mutable Instruments Clouds.
From Mutable Instruments:
"Clouds is a granular audio processor with a couple of twists.
Unlike granular sample players, Clouds is focused on the realtime granularization of incoming audio signals, and the acquisition of textures from them.
Classic controls such as grain position, size, and pitch are provided. Clouds can superimpose many grains simultaneously (at least 40, depending on the CPU used by its other features) and thus create thick textures. Control over texture density, independently of grain size, is thus provided. An external trigger input allows grains to be seeded in sync with LFOs or rhythmic generators.
To provide a richer variety of timbres, Clouds allows the shape of the grain envelope to be morphed from sharp rectangular edges to a smooth bell curve. In addition, a diffusion network can further dissolve the edges of grains into blurry textures.
Finally, to cover various applications of granular synthesis without the need for additional modules, Clouds comes with four blending settings for mixing and re-routing its output signal: dry/wet balance, random panning amount, feedback amount, and reverberation amount. Voltage control over one of those four parameters is possible.
Clouds delay memory ranges from 1s to 8s depending on audio quality settings.
Other surprises have been packed in Clouds, including alternative looping delay and pitch-shift/time-stretch modes‚ and a very strange spectral buffer freeze/glitch."


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AM'AZON, noun [This is said to be formed of a neg and breast. History informs us, that the Amazons cut off their right breast, that it might not incommode them in shooting and hurling the javelin. This is doubtless a fable.]
1. The Amazons are said by historians, to have been a race of female warriors, who founded an empire on the river Thermodon, in Asia Minor, on the coast of the Euxine. They are said to have excluded men from their society; and by their warlike enterprises, to have conquered and alarmed surrounding nations. Some writers treat these accounts as fables.
2. By analogy, a warlike or masculine woman; a virago.
3. This name has been given to some American females, on the banks of the largest river in the world, who joined their husbands in attacking the Spaniards that first visited the country. This trivial occurrence gave the name amazon to that river, whose real name is Maranon.


Avoid These 5 Swing Clogging Moves
Written By: JK Whited
I often get my hitters to envision the flow of energy in their swings as water flowing through pipes. If the pattern of a hitter's swing is precise, the energy, or "water", will flow smoothly without friction. When this happens the player will squeeze every drop of potential power out of his or her body.
However, there are certain movements that prohibit the flow of our energy. I call these "swing clogging" movements. This article is going to break down five common swing clogging moves. All of these moves are easily identifiable and should avoided in your son or daughter's movement practice.
Closed Off Stance
A closed off stance can be seen in many hitters today. More than likely this will be a preset position that they feel comfortable in and get acquainted to rather quickly. The closed off stance will be done usually for two reasons. One, the hitter is scared of the ball, plain and simple. The hitter will close his or her body off for protection purposes. There is no quick fix for fear except for time and probably getting hit a few times to realize it is not that bad. Two, the hitter feels a since of FALSE power by pre-closing off the shoulders and the hips. By turning inwards, the brain feels what you might call a "load". The batter believes he or she is in a "cocked" like position ready to fire. Again this is a FALSE feeling of power because there will be no resistance created between the pelvis and shoulders. The load or "cocking" phase of the movement will need to be done during his or her forward move. This is common in our hitters as they've been constantly told to 'stay closed' with their feet and hips to stay 'on the ball' longer.
BE CAREFUL! Young batters will most likely get away with these mistakes for a while but ultimately, pitchers will begin to pick apart these types of hitters. Once that hitter reaches a level where the pitchers can spot a fastball and the field grows (MIDDLE SCHOOL) it will be much more of a struggle to have the type of hitting success that makes the game fun. To learn more about stances, click here!
Chas Note: JK's exactly right. The closed stance and foot angle JK is demonstrating leads to bad direction in the stride. As you'll see later, closing off in the step is a huge problem that hurts and erodes the turn quality of the hitter. If you close off the shoulders/stance, the first thing that moves will be the front shoulder up and out to start the swing. The hitter will FEEL separation between the hips and shoulders, but once the front shoulder starts to fly out early, the hitter has committed to the swing. Not a good plan. Another thing people don't realize is kids need to be TAUGHT how to get hit by pitches and protect themselves from getting hurt. Hitters who close off the stance due to fear ALWAYS step out and open their bodies to injury. Think about it: Would you rather get hit in the back or butt or the face or cup? Due to the closed stance, the hitter must pull off earlier and open their bodies up to the baseball. OUCH.
Stepping Across the Body
This "swing clogging" maneuver has been called many things and there have been many ways coaches have tried to fix it. In the pictures above, you can clearly see my front HEEL has gone from being in line with my back HEEL, to across the orange line. The inward stride can will have an immediate effect on the rest of the swing. Why? Because this is the first move the hitter makes! There is no coming back after this mistake has been made. By doing this, the hitter's maximum degrees he or she can turn is cut off, therefore cutting off pelvis/shoulder separation. In turn, cutting off POWER. Can you still get hits? Of course, but your potential for maximum power will drop and decrease your chances for getting on base.
To maximize our ability to turn or rotate our pelvis, keeping the HEELS in line when the stride foot lands is a huge part of the puzzle. Heel to Heel Stride Direction will also keep our posture and body weight moving in a straight line for optimal vision.
Closed Front Foot After The Stride
We already know that stepping in across the batter's box will have negative impact on our power generation. The next movement to avoid is stepping or not stepping with a closed front foot. This move, like the stepping in, can doom your power swing from the get go.
There is some discrepancy among coaches about how far, if at all, the front foot should open. The answer is actually pretty simple. How efficient do you want to be? If the hitter's goal is to maximize hip/shoulder separation, bio-mechanically the front foot has to open. Once the front leg is grounded, it will act as the "brake" stopping the forward momentum. At this point, the front knee will drive the front hip back very suddenly. The front side knee MUST be in the correct position for this to happen. The front leg will also provide the hitter with the ability to adjust his or her swing to off-speed pitches. You can learn more about this here.
On another note, leaving your front foot closed will increase the possibilities of front knee injuries. Over time, the aggressive rotation against a front closed knee and hip can put some serious wear and tear on knee cartilage. Simply put, an open front foot, knee, and hip allows for higher quality turns that are not only faster but safer.
Chas Note: Not only knee injuries are an issue if you keep your front foot closed (RYAN HOWARD…) but also Front Leg Hip function is deteriorated. Will Fox, our Director of Performance, has proven that turning on a closed front foot dramatically decreases muscle function in the hips of a hitter. This decreased function leads to extra stress on Ligaments and Cartalidge (passive structure) and can lead to CHRONIC hip and knee pain (Chase Utley…) Man those Phillies seem to be unlucky…maybe it's their hitting instruction…maybe that's why they have new coaches…
The Lean In
The next two movements that we will discuss are less obstructive to a power swing than the previous three. Why you ask? These moves happen from the waist up.
The "lean in" move is where the batter will tilt his or her spine angle over the plate during the stride. This is another move that may feel powerful to the hitter but will do a number of things to minimize power potential. To the hitter, the extra counter rotation/close off of the shoulders will create more separation between the pelvis angle and shoulder angle and therefore, more bat speed. I see many of our guys with strength in their upper bodies perform this move than any other body type as they are stronger in their chest and back than our skinnier, weaker hitters. Unfortunately for upper body dominant players, this creates too much rotational ground to make up, especially in a game. Remember, all you really need is the hips to go first and the front shoulder to stay on the pitcher. There is validity to a back shoulder row motion to help resist the urge to open the front shoulder too quickly. You can learn more about "rowing" here.
You can also see how changing my spine angle drastically changes my eye level. Any movement that changes the plane of a hitters vision needs to be carefully looked at. There are positive types of head movement but this is not one of them as I am 'zooming in' towards the contact point. The head can move forward and down in the stride (it always does if you move athletically forward in the load) but once the turn starts, you need that perspective and distance between the head and the contact point to stay the same for barrel accuracy and to help maximize hard barrel to ball contact.
The High Elbow/Hand Raise
elbow:hands:shoulder raise
Hitters will often times feel and recruit power from their hands/arms. Here you see my back elbow and hands raised way up above my shoulder. Where this does feel strong in a chopping wood kind of way, this is not a power hitting move. As you can imagine, the higher the hands get away from the strike zone, so does the barrel. Also, hitters will "wrap" the barrel around there head creating a much longer distance back to the ball. Once the hitter has put themselves in this type of position, it will take serious coordination, timing, and strength to get the barrel back down and around to the correct plane. Inevitably, most hitters who stride to the position in the pictures will use what they feel (their arms) to get the bat up to speed and into the zone. Arm use from this high position will usually equate to lots of ground balls and glancing types of contact where the ball fades towards the back side foul line.
It is not impossible to hit from this position.


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The Western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, has been labeled the billion dollar pest. Monitoring of this pest will allow us to determine the population dynamics of YieldGard® Rootworm. Western corn rootworm beetle populations were monitored in fields planted to transgenic corn with the use of Pherocon® AM sticky traps. Traps were placed in both transgenic and non-transgenic refuge areas. Beetle populations, the sex ratio, and the size of the beetles in the transgenic and non-transgenic areas are compared. These data will be useful in evaluating YieldGard® Rootworm hybrid efficiency and refuge area recommended by the EPA. This data will be helpful in developing good insecticide resistance management strategies.
Species 1: Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Diabrotica virgifera (western corn rootworm)
Keywords: transgenic corn, YieldGard Rootworm
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welfarism, empirical research, utilitarianism, cost-benefit analysis, subjective well-being
A growing body of research on happiness or subjective well-being (SWB) shows, among other things, that people adapt to many injuries more rapidly than is commonly thought, fail to predict the degree of adaptation and hence overestimate the impact of those injuries on their SWB, and, similarly, enjoy small or moderate rather than significant changes in SWBg in response to significant changes in income. Some researchers believe that these findings pose a challenge to cost-benefit analysis, and argue that project evaluation decision-procedures based on economic premises should be replaced with procedures that directly maximize subjective well-being. This view turns out to be wrong or, at best, premature. Cost-benefit analysis remains a viable decision procedure. However, some of the findings in the happiness literature can be used to generate valuations for cost-benefit analysis where current approaches have proven inadequate.
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Social welfare, Utilitarianism, Cost effectiveness


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Education and Community
> WHAT IS_? OLD
WHAT IS_? Programme
WHAT IS_? is an information programme comprising talks, information booklets and web resources. The purpose of this programme is to introduce key concepts and themes in contemporary art to the general public. Series 1 comprises seven topics supported by a talk, booklet and resource material available to download
An additional series focusing on the 'Materials & Methodologies' of modern and contemporary art is being developed to complement Series 1 and to provide supplementary information to IMMA's collections and exhibitions programmes. What is Photography? is the first in this series of 'Materials and Methodologies'.
What is_ New?
What is Drawing?
Brian Fay, artist and lecturer in DIT, will give a talk about Drawing on Saturday 2 February 2013.
IMMA at Earlsfort Terrace.
Click here to book and for more information
Please click on the link to download the booklet
What is Drawing? (Adobe Acrobat Reader 6.0 pdf - 807KB)
Previous talks in the series and booklets to download
To download the booklets from the talks series please click on the following links:
What is Modern Art and What is Contemporary Art? November 2009
Francis Halsall and Declan Long, Department of Visual Culture, National College of Art and Design.
What is Modern and Contemporary Art? (Adobe Acrobat Reader 6.0 pdf - 455KB)
Please note new booklet will be available to download next week.
What is Conceptual Art? November 2009
Mick Wilson, Dean of the Graduate School of Creative Arts and Media (GradCAM)
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What is New Media Art? January 2010
Maeve Connolly, Department of Film and Media, Dun Laoghaire Institute of Art, Design and Technology.
What is New Media Art? (Adobe Acrobat Reader 6.0 pdf - 440KB)
What is Participatory and Relational Art? April 2010
Brian Hand, artist, writer and lecturer
What is Participatroy and Relational Art (Adobe Acrobat Reader 7.0 pdf - 463KB)
What is Installation Art? June 2010
Niamh Ann Kelly, lecturer, Dublin Institute of Technology.
What is Installation Art? (Adobe Acrobat Reader 6.0 pdf - 401KB)
What is Public Art? December 2010
Clíodhna Shaffrey, curator and writer.
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What is Performance Art? Saturday 1 October 2011
Amanda Coogan, artist and PhD Student, University of Ulster and GradCAM.
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What is Modern and Contemporary Art? at the Highlanes Gallery, Drogheda
In association with the Irish Museum of Modern Art, the Highlanes Gallery hosted a talk by Francis Halsall and Declan Long on modern and contemporary art on Saturday 29 January 2011 at 12:00noon.
Materials and Methodologies
What is Photography? Saturday 23 July 2011
Fiona Loughnane, art historian and lecturer
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Glossary of Art Terms
The following are a select number of terms relating to the subjects of Modern and Contemporary Art. This glossary is not comprehensive or exhaustive and is intended to be informative rather than definitive.
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For further information, please contact Lisa Moran, Curator: Education and Community Programmes, Tel: 01-_PHONE_, Email _EMAIL_ or Sophie Byrne, Assistant Curator: Talks and Lectures Programme, Tel: 01-_PHONE_, Email: _EMAIL_


Walking and Dancing: Three Years of Dance in London, 1951-53
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Take a walk through London and discover where history happened!
In the early 1950s, the 'ballet boom' in Britain was at its height, not only for the country's 'home grown' ballet companies but on the stages where variety, cabaret and musical theatre were performed. Visiting companies brought ballet from America and Europe and national dance styles from around the world.
Between 1951 and 1953 London also hosted some of the most famous celebrations of nationhood of the twentieth century, shaping the image of Britain for decades to come. The Festival of Britain of 1951, the Accession of Queen Elizabeth II in 1952 and the Coronation of 1953 took place at time when the country was at a juncture between the privations of the 1940s and the more vibrant cultural life of the later 1950s and 1960s.
Using the novel framework of a series of London walks, Larraine Nicholas makes a unique contribution to the current reassessment of this era. Firmly based on primary sources, the walks take readers on imaginative recreations of dance performances within their venues, sometimes in unexpected places, always within the temper of times.
Written for students, dancers and dance audiences, Walking and Dancing is ideal for anyone who fancies stepping outdoors for a self-guided tour of London's vibrant theatrical heritage.
The Noverre Press (Dance Books), 2013. Softcover, 140 pages.


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New Study Takes First Steps to Improve the Quality of Health Care for Chronically Ill Children
November 15, 2010
Data mining method helps hospitals better identify needs of their sickest patients and could reduce health care costs
Children with chronic health conditions such as cystic fibrosis, type 1 diabetes, sickle cell diseases and cerebral palsy represent less than two percent of the population but can consume more than 50 percent of resources at children's hospitals throughout the country. Coordinating care for these children has historically been difficult because hospitals have varying methods to identify them in their systems. In a new study led by John Neff, MD, of Seattle Children's Research Institute, researchers developed a unique method to identify children with serious lifelong chronic conditions using hospital discharge data that will enable children's hospitals to improve the quality of care for these patients and reduce costs. The study, "Identifying Children with Lifelong Chronic Conditions for Care Coordination Using Hospital Discharge Data," published online November 15 in Academic Pediatrics. (For a full copy of the study, please contact the media contact listed below or Academic Pediatrics.)
"In the long run, if we can identify these children, their cost patterns and needs, hospitals can then work with the state and health plans to provide support for the care coordination that they need. This should result in better quality of care and hopefully lower costs for these children," said Dr. Neff, clinical director at The Center for Children with Special Needs at Seattle Children's Hospital.
"One of the big barriers in the past is that hospitals have not known who their patient population is and have not been able to systematically identify them," added Neff. "Categorizing children with complex or multiple chronic conditions is particularly difficult because of the general infrequency and variable nature of their conditions. Because hospitals haven't had a reliable method to identify these patients, they haven't been able to effectively coordinate their care or know the cost implications to their own hospital."
Findings suggest that children with lifelong chronic conditions require a disproportionate share of resources in children's hospitals and when measured over several years are likely to accrue a high percentage of health costs. The study reviewed one hospital's records from 2007; these children represented 41.1 percent of Seattle Children's Hospital total patients and 71.4 percent of patient days.
Neff and co-investigators combined the use of hospital discharge data from Seattle Children's Hospital and its primary care clinic, Odessa Brown Children's Clinic (OBCC) over seven years from 2001 through 2007. They selected patients whose primary care occurred at OBCC and hospitalization and emergency department care were likely to be at Children's. Using Clinical Risk Groups (CRGs) software to analyze the data - CRGs is a risk adjustment method that has been used with health plan data to identify and stratify individuals into condition and severity groups, but has not previously been used to analyze patients in hospital discharge data - patient information was classified according to complexity of diseases and primary chronic conditions. That data was merged with hospital discharge data to identify what hospital services those patients used.
As a result of this data and methodology, Seattle Children's Hospital is launching a study that will examine how to improve the coordination of care for patients with lifelong chronic conditions, decrease their need for hospitalization and improve their quality of life. The study will follow approximately 600 of these medically complex patients for two years in a clinic that will work with patients' primary care providers to develop care plans and other interventions to improve their care and reduce the need for hospitalization.
"This will be the most comprehensive study of its kind," said Mark Del Beccaro, MD, pediatrician-in-chief at Seattle Children's Hospital. "If we succeed in showing we can improve care and lower costs for the patients and their families, this will also have tremendous implications nationally as these most complex and fragile of patients utilize a significant portion of health care expenditures in every community and state."
Neff's study collaborators were Seattle Children's Holly Clifton, MPH, Kathleen J. Park, MD, MPH, Caren Goldenberg, MPH, Jean Popalisky, DNP, RN, James W. Stout MD, MPH, and Benjamin S. Danielson, MD.
About Seattle Children's Research Institute
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Australian Water Information Dictionary
The infiltration or ingress of water to the saturated part of a geological layer. Infiltration of precipitation and its movement to the watertable is a form of natural recharge. Other forms arise from flooding and irrigation. Artificial recharge can also occur through various means including bore injection.
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text: Korean: there are four Chinese characters used for the Yang surname, but only two are common enough to consider here; they have between them eight clans. The founding ancestor of the Ch'ŏngju Yang clan was Chinese and stayed in Korea after escorting Koryŏ, King Kongmin's future queen to Korea. The first historical ancestor of the Cheju Yang clan was a Shilla figure named Yang T'ang, but according to legend, his distant ancestor was one of three men who ascended from a cave on the north side of Cheju Island's Halla Mountain. These three men were the founders of the Yang, Pu, and Ko clans. The legendary founder of the Yang clan was named Yang Ŭl-la. Some days after their emergence, a box washed up on the shore of the island. In the box were three women, horses, cows, and agricultural seed. From these beginnings, the three established Cheju's T'amnaguk kingdom and ruled peacefully for 900 years. Later, descendants of the three men settled throughout Korea, although 40 percent of the Yang clan still live on Cheju island and in Chŏlla province.


DNP Awarded the 26th Grand Prize for Global Environment Award, Japan Business Federation Chairman's Prize for DNP Lighting Film
Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. (DNP) has been awarded the 26th Grand Prize for Global Environment Award, Japan Business Federation Chairman's Prize.
DNP was recognized for its development of DNP Lighting Film that by effectively reflecting and dispersing natural light brightens an entire room to reduce power consumption and create pleasant spatial expressions.
[DNP Lighting Film]
DNP has positioned the Environment and Energy as a growth area, and is promoting the development of new products and services with the objective of achieving a balance between economic growth and environmental preservation. One example is the development of various functional films capable of controlling light, heat, liquid and gas through the application and development of printing technologies, including photolithography technology that configures fine patterns on metals, and coating technology that ensures uniform coatings of ink and other components.
In particular, DNP Lighting Film controls the light by taking light entering a room from a window, and effectively reflects and disperse it onto the ceiling and others, to brighten the entire room. The award winning film utilizes optical design and micro-processing technology developed through optical film for displays. By optimizing the optical attributes and structure of the materials used, DNP Lighting Film is designed to capture natural light all year round in an effective manner, facilitating reduced power consumption and creating pleasant spatial expressions as a result.
DNP has developed two types of lighting film; one that is inserted between two sheets of glass, and another that is attached to the surface of the glass. Both have found uses in a variety of venues, including housing, offices, schools, healthcare facilities, and others, for not only new construction but also remodeling.
Since the establishment of the Company 140 years ago, DNP has consistently pursued technology at the leading edge of each period in which it has been active, and as a result has successfully raised the level of in-house technology to the highest global standards. On this occasion the Company has been recognized for the development of a functional film, but looking ahead, will continue to propose new values through all business operations, aiming to contribute to the development of a sustainable society.


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A Dance with Dragons: A Song of Ice and Fire: Book Five Summary & Study Guide Description
A Dance with Dragons: A Song of Ice and Fire: Book Five Summary & Study Guide includes comprehensive information and analysis to help you understand the book. This study guide contains the following sections:
This detailed literature summary also contains Topics for Discussion on A Dance with Dragons: A Song of Ice and Fire: Book Five by George R. R. Martin.
A Dance with Dragons: A Song of Ice and Fire: Book Five Plot Summary
Preview of A Dance with Dragons: A Song of Ice and Fire: Book Five Summary:
George R. R. Martin's A Dance with Dragons, is book five in the fantasy series A Song of Ice and Fire. The book, a work of fiction, is by no means a stand alone book. For those who are not familiar with the characters and various complex scenarios, the book will prove to be nearly impossible to follow. For those who do manage to follow it, there will be numerous trips to the lengthy and complicated appendices to learn about characters, places, and situations.
The story opens with the introduction of Varamyr, a human who is able to "warg" into other life forms, including wolves. Many characters throughout the story can leave their bodies and force their spirits into another for various purposes. This causes some conflict for humans who turn into animals since they are often required to hunt other humans for food.
Varamyr is a powerful...


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Let $A$ be a non-empty set and consider $S(A)$ the set of all bijective functions from $A$ to itself, with composition as group operation. Fix $a_0 \in A$. Define $H = \{f \in S(A): f(a_0) = a_0\}$. Prove that $H$ is a subgroup of $S(A)$.
does this tell me $a_0$ is an identity or that $f(a_0)$ is an identity? I am assuming I need to use something to do with subgroup theorems but I am having trouble understanding how to use these.
Ok that makes more sense since $f(a_0)$ = $a_0$ and $g(a_0)$ = $a_0$ we can conclude that $f^{-1}$ $f(a_0)$ = $f^{-1}$ $a_0$ so we know $f^{-1}$ is in the set? So $f^{-1}$ $g(a_0) $= $a_0$ and the by the theorem we may conclude $H$ is a subgroup of G?
As a side note would love to know WHERE you guys find the element signs and how to put subscripts on things if you could link me to a list of stuff you can put into here with some instructions.
Someone has pointed me a direction a few times but i have never found something I understood. I am not a programer but if I can find a lost of things I am sure I can figure it out usually I just search until I find a post with what I want click edit and take the symbols I want but if theirs instructions somewhere I would very much appreciate that.
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1 – Jim Feb 3 '13 at 20:07
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up vote 2 down vote accepted
$H = \{f \in S(A): f(a_0) = a_0\}$ is the set of bijective functions in $S(A)$ such that $f$ maps $a_0$ to $a_0$.
Here, $a_0$ is a fixed element which every bijective function in $S(A)$ that maps $a_0$ to itself is a member. $H$ includes the identity map/function, but not all $f \in H$ are the identity function.
To prove $H$ is a subgroup of $S(A)$:
 - Clearly, $H$ includes as its identity $f_I$, the identity map of $S(A)$, since $f_I(a_0)$ is clearly $a_0$.
 - Now show that for any $f, g \in H$, $f\circ g \in H$: i.e., show that $H$ is closed under the function composition.
 - Show that for any $f \in H, f^{-1} \in H$. Hint: This must be the case, as every $f \in H$ is bijective, and if $f \in H$, then $f^{-1}$ exists, and since $f\in H$, $f(a_0) = a_0$ and $f^{-1}(f(a_0)) = f^{-1}(a_0) = f_I(a_0) = a_0$, since by definition, $f^{-1}\circ f = f_I$, so $f^{-1} \in H$
Then you will have shown $\,H\,$ is a subgroup of $\,S(A)$.
As for your second question (or aside), you might want to visit MathJax/LaTeX: a tutorial and "bookmark" it as a favorite!
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Hint: To check something is a subgroup, it suffices to show that $H$ is nonempty (this clear since the identity function is an element [why?]), the composition of two functions is an element of the group (also easy to argue since every function fixes $a_0$), and that the inverse of a function is an element of the group (which follows because each element is a bijection).
I leave the details to you, but hopefully with what is given above, you can work through this mostly on your own.
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The standard way to show that something is a subgroup is to show:
 1. It is nonempty
 2. If $f, g \in H$ then $fg^{-1} \in H$
I'll leave (1) to you and give you a hint for (2). If $f, g \in H$ then you know $f(a_0) = a_0$ and $g(a_0) = a_0$. Apply the function $fg^{-1}$ to $a_0$. The result should be $a_0$ and once you've shown this you can conclude that $fg^{-1} \in H$.
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