How might GIS help plan a mass vaccination programme?
8th December 2020
The first batch of the Covid-19 vaccine has reached the UK and the first vaccinations are underway. The initial availability of the vaccine will is limited, but the hope is that as other vaccine programmes move from trials to release the supply will steadily increase. But how do you efficiently vaccinate a population of 66 million?
Understanding the geography of the pandemic and being able to share that knowledge with the public has been key to the management of the pandemic. The vaccination programme that began today will be on a scale that the nation has never faced. GIS can help with the planning, delivery and reporting of this logistically challenging health care programme. Este Geraghty wrote a really informative view of the role GIS can play in this blog.
I'm going to focus on some of the challenges more specific to the UK. Please note that the examples and maps in this blog were created to illustrate the types of analysis that might be useful.
Identifying the best locations for vaccination centres
The first vaccine available requires careful storage and handling. It is initially being managed and distributed from hospitals. Some hospitals may already have the capacity to act as a vaccination hub but it's important to understand what area those hospitals can cover. Looking at planning questions using administrative boundaries doesn't always give an accurate view of the connections between locations. GIS allows us to understand how places are connected by transport networks. A useful first look is to calculate the service area for a set of locations. I've used hospitals as the vaccination hubs, derived from the Ordnance Survey Points of Interest data, but the approach could equally be applied to GP practices. Assuming there is a practical journey time that defines the reach of a vaccination hub we can generate service areas for candidate locations.
Do the selected vaccination sites provide the coverage required?
For the example below I used the proximity analysis tools in ArcGIS Online to generate service areas for a thirty minute drive from a selected set of hospitals in the area around Derby (check the credit use before running). The service area for Nottingham City Hospital (highlighted) extends less far to the west and the hospital in Derby might also be needed.
Calculated service areas for a 30 minute drive from some hospitals
Calculated service areas for hospitals based on a thirty minute drive. The area for Nottingham City Hospital is selected.
As the programme progresses it might be possible to open up new locations as vaccination centres. How reachable are candidate sites and how would they supplement the existing locations? This can easily be modelled for road, pedestrian and – thanks to one of our data partners – public transport connections.
Calculated service areas for a 30 minute public transport journey to some hospitals
Areas within a thirty and sixty minute public transport journey of selected hospitals. These were generated using a partner solution from TravelTime.
What population would be served by a vaccination centre?
We've used a practical geography to define the area that a vaccination hub will serve and we can combine this with data on the local population. The ArcGIS Living Atlas gives us access to the 2011 census data which details population size and key demographics for a range of geographies. One way to get more up to date data is to add demographic data from Michael Bauer Research (this uses credits). This can be done for specific geographies so we can quickly add demographic data to our service areas:
A hospital service area polygon enriched with demographic data
The ArcGIS Online Enrich Layer tool was used to add 2019 population data to a 30 minute drive service area.
Another valuable data repository is Instant Atlas and if you have access to this you can add data layers to your maps. As we move towards mass vaccination planners will need to understand where different parts of the population are located and how this relates to the locations they can use as vaccination centres – whether that's delivery through GPs in rural areas or the setting up of mass vaccination centres to serve areas of high population.
How do you gradually vaccinate a population and manage the geographically variable spread of a pandemic? As the pandemic has progressed we have moved between managing it at a national level to managing at a local level – with national lockdowns recurring in some parts of the UK. Will the vaccination programme be targeted at areas with high case numbers or focus on population characteristics such as the age distribution, population density or economic conditions? GIS allows us to view and understand the spatial patterns and relationships between different data sets. We recently added a data service to the ArcGIS Living Atlas for the UK Covid-19 cases.
A bivariate map showing the relative value of two statistics for local authority areas
A bivariate map allows the relative value of two statistics to be displayed. Here the cumulative Covid-19 cases and a health indicator are show for local authority areas.
Modern GIS uses web services and easy to use, focused web apps to put the data and analysis tools directly into the hands of practitioners. The service areas and data enrichment examples above are both accessible through a web app. A colleague created this example of dynamically adjusting criteria for three population statistics to identify key areas using Community Analyst:
GIS allows us to view and understand the spatial patterns and relationships between different data sets, using a range of tools, and present that in different ways to different stakeholders. The example below shows an infographic style report for a potential location in Belfast:
An infographic summarising data for an area around a candidate site
An infographic that summarises data for an area around a candidate vaccine centre. Created using Community Analyst.
Delivering vaccination where its needed
The vaccines will come online in limited quantities and with different handling requirements. The vaccination program will be targeted at key groups at different stages of the program. Where are these groups located? Can they reach a vaccination centre, or do they need to be targeted by a mobile team? For each phase the patterns will shift.
With the vulnerability to Covid-19 of people in care homes they will be targeted early in the vaccination programme. Since they aren't in a position to come to a vaccination centre they will need mobile units to come to them. We need to be able to understand how the care homes in an area are distributed in relation to the vaccination hubs.
What's the most efficient way to allocate care homes to vaccine hubs?
GIS allows us to tackle scenarios like this using the connectivity of places through the road network. In ArcGIS Online the Find Nearest tool can help to identify which hub should serve a care home based on drive time. For a more sophisticated optimisation tool I switched to ArcGIS Pro and the Network Analyst extension. In the example below I have set up a Location-Allocation analysis to optimise the assignment of care homes to vaccination hubs. The care home data is a subset from the GEOLYTIX Care Homes 2020 layer in the ArcGIS Living Atlas and is included as part of ArcGIS. Location-Allocation allows you to mark key facilities as required and others as candidates. The optimisation can then identify additional sites that would be needed to serve the demand locations within a travel cut off.
Optimised allocation of care homes to vaccination hubs based on drive times
The example output from running Location-Allocation suggests which care homes would be assigned to which hospitals to fulfil the requirement they are within a 40 minute drive.
How quickly can the planned mobile units visit the care homes assigned to them?
Moving to this more local scale, the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) tools allow you to plan the work of mobile vaccination teams to visit the care homes in their area. To illustrate this I set up a VRP with two mobile teams working over six days (using a Route for each team for each day). With data about the number of patients and staff in each care home you could model the amount of time different homes would take to vaccinate. I resorted to a fixed value and also assumed each team can take enough vaccine to cover more than one care home in a single trip.
Optimised schedules for two mobile teams visiting care homes local to a hospital
An example optimised schedule for two teams working over six days to vaccinate care homes.
How much quicker would it be with more teams?
I could add additional sets of Routes to represent the deployment of more vaccination teams. Repeating the analysis would show how many more care homes could be vaccinated in the modelled time. Questions like this can only be accurately answered by understanding location connections using their connectivity on the road network. For a planning exercise on the scale the country faces the potential for efficiency savings could be significant.
Monitoring and sharing progress
As the vaccination programme runs its course the proportion of the population vaccinated will vary between different areas. How do you track vaccination levels and monitor these alongside changing case numbers? How do you keep the population reassured of the progress being made but informed about the ongoing risks before vaccination is complete? Maps and dashboards – like the John Hopkins dashboard – allow information to be presented in an informative and up to date way. I'm sure they are going to continue to help us all understand how the pandemic unfolds.
Within the ArcGIS platform we have range of options to make accessing and understanding interactive maps easy for different audiences. The platform also supports the secure sharing of data between teams and even between stakeholders in different organisations. For more examples of how GIS can help with vaccine planning have a look at this resource site. For UK resources and information please visit our Covid-19 site. Or if you want to talk to us about how ArcGIS might help with the challenges you face please reach out to your Esri UK contact or email us at


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Is your contractor compliant – and are you?
11 April 2018
Would you allow your dentist to perform open heart surgery on you just because they're a medical professional and have lots of certificates on the wall? That's the question BAFE chief executive Stephen Adams put to delegates attending his session on contractor competence in the Fire Safety Keynote Theatre at the Fire Safety Event this morning (11 April).
Since the Grenfell disaster, the spotlight has been well and truly focused on how competent responsible persons and duty-holders are, said Stephen. "Contractors must be trained and certificated to ensure a quality and safe service. The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 states that every commercial building in the UK must have a responsible person/duty-holder to ensure a competent person is implementing fire safety measures."
He went on to quote the BSI's definition of competence, which describes it as the "distilled wisdom of people with expertise in their subject matter and who know the needs of the organisations they represent". Under the RRFSO, the responsible person must:
- Carry out a fire risk assessment of the premises and review it regularly
- Tell staff about any risks identified
- Put in place and maintain appropriate fire safety measures
- Plan for an emergency
- Provide staff with information, fire safety instruction and training
"It all starts with the fire risk assessment," Stephen emphasised. "Is the person doing it competent? Remember, different competencies will be required to risk-assess different premises. And the people doing it need to know and declare what they are and are not competent to do. General competence covers all aspects – passive, active, means of escape, etc. Specific competence is to do with particular buildings and premises. And competence must be ongoing, as all buildings and use thereof change all the time."
The first report from the ongoing Hackitt review into the Grenfell disaster, published before Christmas, spoke about the need to raise levels of competence and establish formal accreditation of those engaged in the fire-prevention aspects of the design, construction, inspection and maintenance of high-rise residential and complex buildings.
Said Stephen: "Grenfell happened because of a failure all the way through – what Dame Judith Hackitt has called 'the golden thread of competence' has been broken so many times it ended up in this terrible fire."
He then went on to discuss third-party certification, which, according to Stephen, "provides the fullest possible assurances regarding quality, safety and reliability". In the real world, he explained, you need competence for the following reasons:
- Increasing demand from major customers in both the public and private sector
- Insurers and the HSE are increasingly looking at competence "after the event" to ensure all reasonable risks were assessed
- The Fire & Rescue Services are taking legal action in more and more cases against responsible persons and fire risk assessors, with significant fines and jail terms now common
- There must be no more disasters like Rosepark, Lakanal House and Grenfell Tower
But the challenge in terms of third-party certification is how to assess it across the board – Dame Judith Hackitt's "golden thread". Stephen explained: "Bafe is a register of competent companies, and some individuals, principally the field of active fire protection. It introduced a fire risk assessment scheme after Lakanal House but five years on, only 62 companies have been registered to it. That's pathetic! Why are end-users not more demanding with regarding to being sure the contractors they are using are competent?"
Stephen wound up his presentation by urging the delegates always to source competent suppliers and providers, and to start by searching for them on the BAFE registers, which states clearly what services they are certified to provide.

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No English translations is provided for the songs' names and lyrics, but you can listen to a song's melody by clicking on
the icon (with a typical computer configuration,
a song should start playing automatically following the click).
(1) The Palmach's hymn.
(2) The unforgettable short poem by
Lord, may it never
The sand and the sea,
The water swishing,
The lightning in the sky,
The prayer of man.
(3) This poem - "A Response [Speech] to
an Italian Captain" by the famous Israeli poet Nathan Alterman - is undoubtedly the most famous
poem written in praise of Aliya Bet. Click here for more details on this poem and an English translation of its lyrics.
(4) The hymn (in Yiddish) of the Exodus 47 ma'apilim at their internment camps in Germany


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Monitoring, Transparency and Accountability
Abstract: A monitor is hired by a principal to oversee an agent's activity and to report on the agent's result. The monitor first collects information about the agent so as to develop an expertise in the agent's activity. This expertise makes her more likely to learn the result's value in the future. The agent observes the level of expertise of the monitor and makes a productive effort. Once the result is realized, the monitor decides whether to report its value to the principal (if she knows it). The principal uses the report to form an expectation of the result's value and subsequently rewards or punishes both the monitor and the agent as a function of his expectation. The monitor then is accountable for the result in the sense that she is punished if the agent's result is bad. In this model, the monitor faces a commitment issue, which undermines incentive provision. Ex ante, she would like to disclose the result's value any time she observes it so that her oversight disciplines the agent. Ex post however, she wants to inflate the principal's expectation and therefore hides bad results. This paper studies the monitor's incentives and asks whether incentive provision benefits from the principal observing the expertise level of the monitor (transparency). We show that the answer involves a trade-off between making expertise valuable to the monitor and making expertise deterrent for the agent.


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By Chris Roberts
By Joe Eskenazi
By Albert Samaha
By Mike Billings
By Rachel Swan
By Erin Sherbert
By Joe Eskenazi
By Albert Samaha
Does distant healing actually work? If it works, can scientists really study it? The jury is still out on both questions. Critics of distant healing research question whether a clinical trial should study spirituality, and whether it can measure something so ephemeral and unexplainable. But scientists like Targ say it is possible to use accepted methodologies and "rigorous science" to determine the answers.
"Rigorous science" means subjecting a hypothesis to the Western "gold standard" of clinical trials -- a randomized, controlled, and double-blinded trial, commonly known as an "RCT."
As an example, a simple RCT might be used to test a new medicine. Participants would be split randomly into two groups so external factors wouldn't skew the data. One would be given the medicine and the other "control group" would be given a "placebo" pill (something that looks, smells, and tastes identical to the active medicine), so that true comparisons between these groups could be made. The placebo is also used so that the participants in the study don't know which group they are in -- and their expectations won't interfere too much with the data. None of the participants or researchers knows who is in which group, a safeguard known as "double-blinding," to limit bias or cheating. Both groups would then take the pills, and the researchers would look for objective differences between the two groups to see if the medicine had been effective.
But even if an experiment is designed and executed perfectly, there are many ways in which a trial can be complicated. One is the trial size. An experiment needs to use enough participants to make sure that the study is "statistically significant" -- meaning that the findings didn't happen just by chance.
Dr. Charles Vincent, who co-wrote a book on alternative medicine research methodology, says distant healing research is a viable area of study, though it has its limits. It will never be 'gold standard' in the sense that a drug trial can be, but then neither can many forms of hands-on treatment such as surgery," says Vincent, a professor at University College London.
Though Targ's experiment follows the "gold standard," skeptics raise questions about her methodology. They say researchers will never be able to create a "pure" control group. Even if someone is assigned to a group that does not receive healing, how do the researchers prevent someone's grandmother in Texas from praying for her granddaughter and diluting the control group?
Targ says she expects that most people in the study will have a "baseline" of prayer from friends and family. She says her study is looking at whether an extreme amount of distant healing (20 weeks' worth) has any effect above the prayer the participants may already receive.
There are also questions about consistency of "dosage." With pills, the dosage in an experiment is clear. But with distant healing, how do researchers know that all the healers in the study are as effective as each other? Targ says she anticipated that question by designing her experiment so each patient receives healing from 10 different healers.
Dubious endpoints is another criticism. Are the differences being looked at between the two groups objective? Targ's brain tumor study will be more clear-cut -- comparing whether patients have died or not. But the AIDS study is looking at factors such as hospitalization in a very diverse population, some of whom are IV drug users, homeless, and smokers.
Questions like these are the major stumbling blocks for distant healing research. To explore these issues, an alternative medicine research group has been developed at the Cochrane Collaborative, an international nonprofit organization that provides scientifically sound information about health care.
"There are some challenges and flaws related to clinical trial design for alternative medicine," says Dr. Brian Berman, who heads the Cochrane Collaborative's alternative medicine group. "But you certainly can look into these things scientifically."
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Home > Topics > Premier Wen Jiabao Pays Official Visit to Nepal
China, Nepal Issue Eight-Point Joint Statement on Relations, Cooperation
Visiting Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao on Saturday, Jan. 14 2012 paid an official visit to Nepal, during which China and Nepal issued an eight-point joint statement on boosting bilateral ties and strengthening cooperation in various areas.
During the visit, Premier Wen met with Nepalese President Ram Baran Yadav and held talks with the country's Prime Minister Baburam Bhattarai.
The leaders of the two countries had an in-depth exchange of views and reached broad understanding on China-Nepal relations as well as on international and regional issues of mutual interest.
The two sides agreed that the China-Nepal diplomatic relations, established in 1955 and characterized by equality, harmonious co-existence, ever-lasting friendship and comprehensive cooperation, are of great importance to both nations.
"Further enhancement of the ties is in accord with the fundamental interests of the two countries and is conducive to peace, stability and development in the region and the world at large," the joint statement said.
Firstly, the two sides decided to further promote China-Nepal friendly relations of Comprehensive Partnership of Cooperation Featuring Ever-Lasting Friendship on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.
Secondly, the two sides agreed to share development experiences and technological advancement, and enhance all round cooperation so as to achieve mutual development and prosperity.
The two sides also agreed to maintain the momentum of high-level mutual visits, and have meetings between the leaders on the multilateral occasions.
The two nations will also make full use of existing mechanisms including the diplomatic consultations and the China-Nepal Joint Economic and Trade Committee Meeting. The two sides agreed to form a Consultation Mechanism at the level of Ministers for Foreign Affairs.
Thirdly, the Nepalese side expressed its firm support for China on its efforts to uphold state sovereignty, national unity and territorial integrity.
"Nepal does not allow any forces to use its territory for any anti-China or separatist activities," the joint statement said.
Fourthly, the two sides agreed to further intensify cooperation in socioeconomic development, promotion of trade and tourism, hydropower, and transportation infrastructure development, as well as other fields on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.
At the request of the Nepalese side, the Chinese side assured of increase in the volume of regular grant aid for the implementation of various infrastructure development and other projects.
Both sides agreed to improve connectivity, particularly the land transportation infrastructure between the two countries, to facilitate bilateral exchanges, cooperation and business ties.
The two sides maintained that the Tibet Autonomous Region of China and Nepal should make full potentials and take their respective advantages to strengthen people-to-people exchanges in the border areas, and to promote trade, tourism, and the flow of goods and services to expand mutually beneficial cooperation.
The Chinese side said that it encourages and supports competent and well-established Chinese companies and enterprises to promote investment and joint ventures in Nepal, and will provide financing assistance, including concessional loans, to mutually agreed projects.
In the rest part of the joint statement from the fifth to the eighth points, China and Nepal agreed to improve the meeting mechanism between law-enforcing authorities of the two countries, and to deepen cooperation on border management and law-enforcement capacity-building, so as to uphold peace and stability of China-Nepal border areas.
The two countries also announced the year 2012 as "the China-Nepal Year of Friendly Exchanges," saying the two sides will continue to promote exchanges and cooperation in the areas of culture and education and between youths, media, think tanks, scholars and friendly groups of the two countries.
The two sides believed that China and Nepal have identical or similar positions on major international issues, such as global financial crisis, energy and food security, among others.
The two sides agreed to maintain close coordination and cooperation in this regard, so as to uphold the common interests of China, Nepal and other developing countries.
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Why Video Compression Is Necessary
When students create a video on an iPad for assessment purposes there should be no issues when submitting this to your teacher.
- A raw 2 minute video captured initially using your iPad camera = 218Mb
- This raw video edited in iMovie and exported to the camera roll at HD 720p = 155Mb
- Uploading your HD 720p video to YouTube = 38.3Mb
If you are using SEQTA, TEAMS or OneDrive for your video submission, it is strongly recommended that you use the Compress App to reduce file size before submitting.
Make sure you have access to the following Apps on your iPad.
Video Submission Summary


Skip to definition.
Verb: ensure en'shûr or in'shûr [N. Amer], en'shor or in'shor or en'shûr [Brit]
 1. Make certain in the future
 - guarantee, insure, assure, secure
 2. Be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something
 "ensure that the curtains are closed";
 - see, check, insure, see to it, control, ascertain, assure
Sounds like: elusive, illusive, allusivee, insure, inshor
Derived forms: ensured, ensures, ensuring
Type of: verify
Encyclopedia: Ensure


text: Dissociation can be broadly understood as alterations in consciousness where integrated processing of psychological and/or sensory information is disrupted. Following Schumaker's (1995) suggestion that dissociation elicited by religions ritual provides the basis for religious beliefs, the current aim was to empirically assess the relationship between dissociation, religious ritual, and religious beliefs. Four samples with varying levels of religious commitment were administered the Dissociative Experiences Scale, the Francis Scale of Attitude Toward Christianity-short form, and the Maranell Religious Ritual Scale. Dissociation scores were highest in the young Catholic sample and lowest in the Fellowship group. However, these results are largely affected by the covariate of age. No relationship was found between dissociation, religious attitude, and religions ritual in the student sample. However, small to moderate significant correlations were found in the Catholic sample. Results are discussed with reference to Schumaker's theoretical proposal and directions are suggested for future assessment of the dissociation-religiosity relationship.


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The Gig Economy
What is a Gig Economy?
The Gig Economy is the new trending global economy. It is the underground economy that is now becoming the dominant economy, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Gigs are the new temporary jobs that suit the anti-nine-to-five work preference.
Check out an excerpt from a Fortunly article, written in 2020, which discusses the Gig Economy and it's evolution since the 1980s.
The gig economy is taking over the world, and the United States is no exception. An increasing number of American businesses and workers are opting for the gig model, primarily because of more flexible working conditions. Younger generations are leading the way, although there's a significant number of gig workers who were born well before the 1980s.
There are many factors influencing the growth of the gig economy. Companies are turning to freelancers to do jobs that are not directly related to their industry (such as marketing, design or content creation) in a cost-effective way.
A growing number of online platforms offer excellent earning opportunities, and with a decreasing need for physical presence in the workplace, it's easier than ever to work for multiple employers simultaneously.
Still, being a gig economy worker comes at a price. Gig workers enjoy a flexible lifestyle and the freedom of being their own boss, but many sacrifice their financial security and income predictability.
According to one study, the freelance economy is growing three times faster than the traditional workforce in the United States. What was once considered a fringe employment model has now become mainstream…
This is a link to the article for your reference:


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It takes just over three weeks: flush a toilet in Didcot, England and 23 days later, it has produced biomethane that heats about 200 homes—through the national grid.
The BBC explains how the project goes beyond existing waste-to-energy facilities:
The practice of using anaerobic digesters - carefully managed bacteria - to turn faeces into a means of generating electricity is already well established across the country. But the additional plant that British Gas has installed at the Thames Water sewage treatment works in Didcot cleans up the spare biogas that is produced and turns it into biomethane suitable for household hobs and in gas central heating.
The project is a joint effort by British Gas, Thames Water and Scotia Gas Networks, which collectively hope to replicate the process across the UK.
Expanding beyond Didcot
British Gas already has four other biogas-to-grid projects planned, but it's not the only company going down this path.
Projects that feed biogas into the grid are not new, and even exist in the U.S., but this is thought to be the first time people are using their own human waste to power homes through the natural gas grid.
United Utilities and Ecotricity also have plans in the works to feed biomethane into the grid, and if the company's estimate is accurage, United Utilities could by powering 500 homes this way as soon as next summer.
NewNet quotes an official from Thames Water: "For decades we've generated electricity by burning sewage sludge or methane derived from it, saving £15m in power bills last year alone."
Using biomethane from sewage as another source of gas was just the next step on their "renewable energy hit list."


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Teachers either lead their students on a field trip to a
local pond, river, etc. or bring fresh water samples to
This project is simply an enhanced method of presenting a traditional class
experiment since many classes analyze water samples each
Students from New Jersey took photos from their field trip to collect water samples.
Take a look:
Photos can be taken with a digital or ordinary camera
and digitally processed or scanned and then placed online.


Rambo 1st Blood twenty fifth Anniversary Knife Evaluation
Knives can be found in homes, workplaces, activities, hobbies, and entertainment. There are butter knives, steak knives, cleavers, and paring knives in kitchens. Hikers carry pocket knives, soldiers carry utility knives, and hunters carry hunting knives. Knives, such as switchblade and daggers are used as weapons. Some entertainments consist of throwing knives. Knives are also used in some sports. Harvester knives are used for harvesting agriculture. There are also Rambo Survival Knives.
Rambo, first blood
Used in the movie, 'Rambo', where the character of Rambo used it quite often to save his own life. Rambo used the materials out of his survival kit to sew up his own wounds, other items he used from his survival kit were matches (to build fires), light torches, defending himself, and hunting. It was his preferred weapon, and the most important one.
It served as a multi-purpose tool. The franchise later created an identical knife and sold them to those who wanted to possess the trademark knife of the character 'Rambo'.
Once the movie 'First Blood' had been released, people rushed out to purchase a Rambo knife, everyone wanted one. They manufactured a crude version, with its handles available in many colors, also in camouflage. With real blades, and came with a survival kit. However, a huge controversy started over the knives being dangerous for children.
Check A Machete For A Bigger Slice of The Action.
A variety of blades & knives
With a variety of knives types used around the world, some that are considered as famous, and are collectible items. Some of them are the Long Skinny Bolo, from the Philippines (used for working with sugar cane), Machetes, from South America, American Bowie, Swiss, Curved Ghurkha, from the Ghurkha fighters in India, and more.
In today's modern world, knives are used more as a utensil, or for utility, rather than for survival like they had to in the old days.
Today they have a variety of different blades for sale. There are the Straight Back blades (normal blades), Clip Point, Curved Trailing Point, Spear Point, Drop Point, Spay Point, Needle Point, Tanto Style, Sheep's Foot, the Ulu, and the Wharncliffe blade. All of which were create with a specific use in mind, and several of them are still in use today. Any of the above knives should only be used by someone with the correct knowledge of how they are to be used, as they can otherwise be very dangerous and harmful to the user.
There are two different fashions of knives, the Fixed Blade knife, and Folding knives. Both of these are common, but, each one will have advantages and disadvantages of its own.
How to care for knives
In order for them to last, knives to be properly taken care of. They need sharpened with a wet grit stone, they should not ever be sharpened using an electrical grinding wheel, as this will leave the edges brittle. They also have to be held at a particular angle when sharpening. Always make sure your blade is sharp for a dull blade can cause injuries or accidents. To keep the edges from becoming dull they must be clean on a regular basis, and also properly stored.
Chcek for more.


Australian Catholic Superannuation's Reconciliation Action Plan
Today, we interview Leah Bennett, our Indigenous Liaison Officer about reconciliation with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and what Australian Catholic Superannuation is doing to help in this area.
What is reconciliation?
"Reconciliation is about acknowledging the past and traditional custodians of the land, understanding the disadvantages they face on a daily basis, and finding ways to improve that situation."
Why pursue reconciliation?
"We're doing this because we believe it's important to participate in the greater reconciliation journey to improve the lives of all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people of this nation. It's not up to just one organisation; we all need to own a part of it."
Why is Australian Catholic Super involved in reconciliation?
"The core mission of Australian Catholic Super is to help enable our members to live their best possible retirement, but importantly being a Catholic organisation we do this in a way which is consistent with Catholic Social Teachings.
As we have many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander members and one of the core components of Catholic Social Teaching is upholding the dignity of the human person it is only natural that we would focus on reconciliation for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders.
I believe that compassion, understanding and trust will enable more meaningful conversations, and drive better outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander members (and non-members) around Australia."
What is a Reconciliation Action Plan?
"A Reconciliation Action Plan (RAP) is a plan to help achieve our vision for reconciliation. The vision is to enable Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to better understand their finances, and empower them to have a financial plan, both today and for their future."
How does it work within Australian Catholic Super?
"We've put together a team of people from across the business to address these issues. We've intentionally found people who work in many different areas of our business, like our administration team and call centre, who have experience providing services to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander members. It was important for us to have the process be organic to foster growth and change, and we've had fantastic support from all levels of our organisation."
What are the next steps?
"Some organisations focus on specific goals or targets for employment or getting involved in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Because we're a financial services organisation with many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander members, we want to improve how we serve that community and focus on expanding financial literacy. We have set some goals. They don't all have to change the world. Some can be small, like starting meetings with an Acknowledgement of Country to pay respect to the Traditional Owners and custodians of the land."
We encourage members with any comments or ideas to get in touch with the fund.


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MA2C (Model-based Analysis of 2-Color Arrays) is a model-based algorithm for analyzing 2-color microarrays.A novel normalization method based on the GC content of probes is developed for two-color tiling arrays. The proposed method, together with robust estimates of the model parameters, is shown to perform superbly on published data sets. A robust algorithm for detecting peak regions is also formulated and shown to perform well compared to other approaches. The tools have been implemented as a stand-alone Java program called MA2C, which can display various plots of statistical analysis for quality control.
- Linux / Mac OsX / Windows
:: MORE INFORMATION
Song J, Johnson WE, Zhu X, Zhang X, Li W, Manrai AK, Liu JS, Chen R and Liu XS
Modelbased analysis for 2-color arrays (MA2C).
Genome Biology 2007, 8:R178


TY - JOUR T1 - ADHA's Focus on Advancing the Profession: Minnesota's Dental Hygiene Educators' Response JF - American Dental Hygienists Association JO - J Dent Hyg SP - 53 LP - 53 VL - 81 IS - 2 AU - Monson, Angela L AU - Engeswick, Lynnette M Y1 - 2007/04/01 UR - _URL_ N2 - Purpose. Developing degree-completion programs to enable associate-prepared dental hygienists to complete a baccalaureate degree is essential to help advance the profession. This study determined current associate degree dental hygiene students' interest in degree completion, preferred educational venue, and examined if current interest in course topics supports the ADHA's Focus on Advancing the Profession. Methods. A 55-item survey was designed and distributed to 296 first-year and second-year dental hygiene students enrolled in 8 Minnesota associate degree programs during fall 2004. Seven of the 8 schools participated for a reponse rate of 69% (N=206). The survey included items to elicit interest in degree completion, preferred educational venue, and interest in course topics. Researchers grouped course topics according to the ADHA focus areas for advancing the profession (research, education, practice & technology, licensure & regulation, and public health). Results. Results of the survey revealed that 66.0% of dental hygiene students are currently interested in completing their baccalaureate degree. The top 2 educational venues for program delivery include evening classes held in off-site locations near their home communities (50.4% very interested) and complete online class format (35.6% very interested). Students were least interested in completing coursework during traditional daytime hours (12.6% very interested). Interest in course topics related to technology (58.3 highly interested) and advanced clinical hand instrumentation (55.7% highly interested) were the strongest, while students were least interested in the design and implementation of research (8.3% highly interested), evaluating scientific literature (7.6% highly interested), and statistics (7.6% highly interested). Conclusion. This study reveals a strong demand for degree-completion programs, with preferred educational venues in nontraditional formats, such as evening classes in off-site locations or online course delivery, to attract the highest number of applicants. Students indicate the highest interest in course topics in the ADHA focus area of practice and technology, with the least interest in research. Development of degree-completion programs should design curriculum in a format that meets the needs of their targeted population, while including course topics that advance the profession as suggested by the ADHA focus areas. ER -


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5 benefits of storing your food in beeswax wraps
This Blog was written by Sarah from Primrose and Co
Bees wax wraps are a reusable alternative to plastic wrap. Change your habits for good by changing to reusable bees wraps for wrapping your food instead of single-use plastic! Then at the end of your bees wraps life, either compost it at home, use it as a natural fire starter or re-wax it using one of our DIY wax blocks to refresh it! The average family uses 24 rolls of plastic cling wrap per year. Unfortunately cling wrap isn't reusable and is rarely recycled.
5 benefits of storing your food in beeswax wraps:
1. Beeswax wraps last ages + save you money
The average cost of a kitchen three-pack of bees wraps is $25-$30.
Picnic Basket
2. Beeswax wraps help food stay fresh for longer
Fabric being cut for beeswax wraps
3. Beeswax wraps are home compostable!
Unlike plastic cling wrap, beeswax wraps will break down into compost.
Girl at a picnic using beeswax wraps
4. Beeswax wraps reduce waste + protect wildlife
beeswax being poured over fabric to make a beeswax wraps
5. Beeswax has antimicrobial properties
Like honey, beeswax has been shown to have antimicrobial properties that help keep things clean which is great when dealing with food. Beeswax also has antifungal properties preventing the growth of yeasts and other fungi.
With so many beneficial properties, beeswax is a healthy and harmless alternative to plastic for storing food in. Beeswax wraps use the natural power of beeswax to protect and store your food in a safe way as a plastic wrap alternative. Since beeswax is waterproof, it keeps unwanted moisture out of food while trapping the food's natural moisture in.
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When you want to make the most of your computer, you might think that buying a new computer is the best remedy, but this is not always the case. Instead, you need to look into software that will help you make the most of your system, no matter how sluggish it is now. Sometimes you just need to have a little help when you are on your computer, and sometimes that means you need to think outside of the box. With OpenBox applications, you can begin to create a computer that doesn't make you want to throw it out the window.
What is OpenBox?
OpenBox is a window manager, specifically designed for the X11 windowing system. What the heck does that mean? What this means is that this software works to help you manage the windows you have open on your desktop. When you have many windows on your desktop, your computer will run harder than it normally does. In order to speed up the functionality of the windows so that each of the programs can work at their maximum capability and efficiency. Written in C++, the OpenBox system is able to run without any dependency on libraries outside of X11.
The Benefits of OpenBox
When you utilize the OpenBox system, you will be able to create a computer expreince that actually listens to what you 'tell' it. For example, when you are running more than one window and then you need to open another, this function will happen quickly, without reducing the functionality of the other windows. This is rarely the case with more computer systems. Most of the time, the first window will work well, but when other windows are opened, slowly the windows began to slow down and some might even crash in the process.
OpenBox wants to be able to help users:
- Have the access they need – When a user is able to access the programs they need when they need them, the user will be able to do what they want, when they want to do it.
- Enjoy a simple system – OpenBox is designed to be simple enough for anyone to use, computer geek and non-computer geek alike.
- Make the most of their computer – If you think you need a new computer, it might be better to look into OpenBox to see if you just need a better windows manager.
- Improve their work efficiency – Those who are able to use as many windows as they like can work more efficiently.
When you create a better running system, you control your computer. Your computer doesn't have to control you anymore.
With OpenBox, you might just feel like your computer is on your side again. These systems are especially important when your work requires that you perform multiple tasks at the same time. And with the OpenBox system, you can create a better performance for everyone who uses the computer – well, anyone that you actually let touch your computer.


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As cities and counties across Southeast Florida strive to build a sustainable, resilient, and prosperous region, public policy efforts must produce benefits that are shared by all. The Compact recognizes that climate vulnerabilities are exacerbated by inequities and injustice. RCAP 2.0 seeks to address the socioeconomic challenges to building resilience in high-vulnerability communities, often limited-income communities and/or communities of color.
The Compact shares the Southeast Florida Regional Partnership's definition of equity, as outlined in the Seven50: SE Florida Prosperity Plan:
Equity: Just and fair inclusion. The goals of equity must be to create conditions that allow all individuals and communities to reach their full potential to the benefit of the individual and the larger regional community. An equitable region is one in which all can participate and prosper in their communities and in the regional economy, and where benefits and burdens are shared fairly.
Within Southeast Florida, individuals, neighborhoods, and communities may experience geographic vulnerability if they have proximity to a current or future hazard (e.g., if they live in a low-lying area prone to flooding or a heat island). These groups have socioeconomic vulnerability if they lack the resources, financial or other, to be able to mitigate the hazard or to move away from it. Many residents within the region's high-vulnerability communities may have also been left behind by recent economic booms, resulting in increased challenges to achieve the financial stability needed to safely weather more intense storms, heat, and floods fueled by climate change.
Equity should be an integral part of policy making at every level of government within Southeast Florida, and should be understood as a policy objective in developing plans, budgets, and in prioritizing and designing climate projects. Historically disadvantaged communities will continue to be the most vulnerable to climate change threats, unless action is taken to create targeted policies and resources. In addition, efforts to create more resilient and sustainable communities, if not designed thoughtfully, can benefit some residents while harming others. The recommendations within this section represent tangible actions that local governments can take in meeting these responsibilities.


Kamus Online
suggested words
Hasil cari dari kata atau frase: Emergently (0.01426 detik)
Found 3 items, similar to Emergently.
English → Indonesian (quick) Definition: emergent muncul
English → English (WordNet) Definition: emergent emergent adj : coming into existence; "a nascent republic" [syn: emerging, nascent]
English → English (gcide) Definition: Emergently Emergent \E*mer"gent\, a. [L. emergens, p. pr. of emergere.] 1. Rising or emerging out of a fluid or anything that covers or conceals; issuing; coming to light. [1913 Webster] The mountains huge appear emergent. --Milton. [1913 Webster] 2. Suddenly appearing; arising unexpectedly; calling for prompt action; urgent. [1913 Webster] Protection granted in emergent danger. --Burke. [1913 Webster] Emergent year (Chron.), the epoch or date from which any people begin to compute their time or dates; as, the emergent year of Christendom is that of the birth of Christ; the emergent year of the United States is that of the declaration of their independence. -- E*mer"gent*ly, adv. -- E*mer"gent*ness, n. [R.] [1913 Webster]
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Bintari 90 MM
Bintari was inspired by the combination of kawung batik and flora batik. In Javanese culture, the geometrically arranged Kawung motif is interpreted as a symbol of the occurrence of human life. The hope is that humans will not forget their origins. In addition, the Kawung batik motif is also known as a symbol of wisdom, self-control, and a clean heart. The flora is the rose guava flower, where rose guava is one of the typical flora of Yogyakarta.


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10 Mar Teaching Science as Inquiry
Implementating the No Child Left Behind Act has resulted in great challenges for teachers, and by extension, a greater need for professional development, than ever before.
CRDG's Science Section has responded to this need by creating a series of twoand three-day workshops on teaching science through inquiry. Research has shown that learning through inquiry enhances students' capacity to understand the concepts and skills of science. Our science faculty drew on their thirty-five years of experience supporting teachers and schools K–12 as they implemented inquiry strategies in their classrooms to create this series of workshops. The first session was held on Guam in the summer of 2005 where twenty-four elementary teachers from Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) focused on teaching astronomy through inquiry. Other modules developed in 2005 are Simple Machines (elementary), Why Do Things Sink and Float? (middle school), and Aquatic Science (high school).


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This year's ESA's Φ-week event started on September 28 and would last until October 2. It showcases a series of stimulating speeches about Digital Twin Earth, an update on Φ-sat-1, and an exciting novel initiative that involves quantum computing.
ESA's 2020 Φ-week gives people to connect and form networks with experts, scientists, educators, students, developers, global industries, start-ups, and institutions in the field of space. It aims to explore the latest applications of transformative technologies and inspire early-career scientists, citizens, entrepreneurs.
Digital Twin Earth
The Φ-week event goes virtual this year and focuses on how Earth observation contributes to Digital Twin Earth. The Digital Twin Earth provides a precise representation of Earth's past, present, and future changes.
Through Digital Twin World, human and nature activity on the planet will be visualized, monitored, and forecasted. Digital Twin Eart will monitor the Earth's health and conduct simulations of the interconnected system of Earth with human behavior, and support viable development that reinforces Europe's efforts for a better environment in response to Green Deal's the urgent challenges and targets.
Experts will discuss the concept, practical implementation, and infrastructure of the Digital Twin Earth and exhibit insights on the way industries. The community contributes to making the project successful during the ESA's 2020 Φ-week.
Updates on Φ-sat-1
On September 3, the first artificial technology (AI) was launched onboard the European Earth Observation Mission. The Φ-sat-1 is the first of its kind and the first experiment in improving the efficiency of sending vast quantities of data back to Earth.
ESA and cosine remote sensing are delighted to reveal on the first day of ESA's Φ-week event that the Deep Convolutional Neural Network has performed the first-ever hardware-accelerated artificial intelligence inference Earth observation images on an in-orbit satellite. It was the University of Pisa that developed the Deep Convolutional Neural Network.
The ɸ-sat-1 was successful in prefiltering Earth observation data. Only the essential usable part of the image is downlinked to the ground, which improves the bandwidth utilization and significantly reduces the aggregated costs of the downlink.
Initial data coming from the satellite showed that that the automatic cloud detection algorithm operated by the AI has correctly filtered hyperspectral Earth observation imagery from the sensor of the satellite into cloudy and non-cloudy pixels.
As mentioned in the opening speech, the novel initiative involving quantum computing exploits quantum phenomena like superposition, entanglement, and tunneling to improve performance, decrease computational costs, and solve intractable problems in Earth observation.
The novel initiative uses artificial intelligence to support programs like Digital Twin Earth and Corpenicus in creating a quantum capability that can solve the demanding Earth observation problems. Quantum computing will be developed at ESA's Φ-lab at ESA's center for Earth observation in Italy that embraces transformational observation.
ESA and CERN collaborated on many projects before, and this will be extended to the CERN Quantum Technology Initiative announced last June this year by Fabiola Gianotti, CERN Director-General.
Through this, both ESA and CERN will make new synergies and build on their shared experience in data mining, big data, and pattern recognition.
Check out for more news and information on ESA at Science Times.


The editor allows a user to choose components from a list of predefined and highly customizable HTML and AMP elements. The left side of the editor contains a list of all the element types that can be added in an email. Click on an element type to browse through a list of all available elements. Click on the element you want in your email to insert it to the workspace.
Once you have inserted the element you need, you can modify its properties such as content, colours, size, margin size in the right-side panel. Select the element to access the panel.
Adding actionable forms
Forms are part of the AMP element type. You can select forms from the left side panel of the editor. You can change the design, question components and their type from the right-side panel. You can also add multiple pages to these forms and customise the Success and failure outcome pages of the forms.
You can always 'Preview' your design using the button on the top-right. Once your design is finalised you are ready to send out the email campaign. If you plan to send the campaign later you can save the draft using the button on the top-right corner.
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Now that you're a soldering pro, let's fix a banging pipe.
That irritating noise when you shut off a tap is often caused by automatic valves — like your dishwasher's — which shut abruptly. Air chambers, which are capped-off pipes about 12 inches long extending above the supply stub tees of a fixture, trap air to cushion the shock felt by the pipes. Use pipe one size larger than the supply pipe.
Here's a typical configuration and what you'll require:
Solder the entire assembly together first, instead of trying to do it in a tight place. Always dry fit all parts to ensure a perfect fit.
Then, shut off the water system, drain it completely with a faucet, and leave a nearby faucet open so steam can escape. Cut the existing pipe, insert the assembly, and solder, being careful to keep the flame away from surrounding wood.
The heat draws any water in the pipe, and if you find the solder won't take because of steam, try stuffing some white bread down the offending pipe to block it. This will dissolve when you turn on the water. (Make sure you remove mesh aerators in faucets before opening them.)
Note: If you attach new copper pipe to old galvanized steel pipe (called iron pipe for some reason), use a special fitting, such as solid brass, otherwise galvanic action between the metals will corrode the copper.


Russian Hackers Modify Chrome and Firefox to Spy on Users
Russian Hackers Modify Chrome
A Russian hacker group has been spotted using a patch to modify Chrome and Firefox to spy on users. But how were they able to spy on websites having a secured HTTPs connection.
By the way, Google has long been pushing for more websites to use HTTPS. This also, they have considered and implemented as a criteria for ranking on Google search result list.
HTTPS purpose simply is to help prevent attackers from interfering with the data transferred between a website and your browser.
Nonetheless, the hackers did spy on HTTPS websites and had access seemingly secured information using Chrome and Firefox browsers.
The Cyber-espionage Hacker Group Responsible
Russian Hackers Group Turla
The novel attack is blamed on the infamous hacker group "Turla". Its latest exploit on Chrome and Firefox was revealed by Kaspersky with details of findings.
Turla with other given names such as Snake, Uroburos, Krypton, Venomous Bear, Waterbug, Group 88, and Turla Team. With many names comes many faces and yes, the faces are always fierce and ugly. Nonetheless, Turla is a well-known hacker group believed to operate under the protection of the Russian government. Also, the Estonian Intelligence Services linked Turla with the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB) and Foreign Intelligence Service SVR.
Turla has been known to be associated with Agent.btz and believed to be behind several infamous cyber attacks. Just to list a few; they were behind the RUAG espionage incident, an attempted compromise of the Swiss Defense Ministry. Also, the group has been known to hijack and use telecommunication satellites to deliver malware to remote areas.
Turla has also been involved in the social media cycle. Consequently, by using a Turla's watering hole campaign (an updated Firefox extension abusing Instagram). They were able to insert a malware on the comment section of popular pages of celebrities' Instagram handle. This was seen on a photo posted by Britney Spears on Instagram.
How the Russian Hackers were able to Modify Chrome and Firefox
According to the report done by Kaspersky, Turla uses a remote access trojan named Reductor for the attack. The process involves two steps.
Step 1: First, they install their own digital certificates to each infected host. Once done, it would allow the hackers to intercept any TLS traffic originating from the host.
Step 2: Next, they modify the browser installation to patch their pseudo-random number generation (PRNG) functions.
These functions are used when generating random numbers needed for the process of establishing new TLS handshakes for HTTPS connections.
In other terms, the attackers first infect the system with remote access trojan and thereafter modifies the browser using the same trojan. As a result, Turla starts installing its own certificates in order to intercept TLS traffic from the host. Finally, it patches the pseudo-random number generation that establish TLS connections.
Likewise, after a successful operation, a fingerprint to every TLS action is added and can track encrypted traffic passively. This was what grant the Russian hackers access to modify Chrome and Firefox.
How to remove the trojan
Turla Hackers
Certainly, the Turla hackers are both sophisticated and smart and did anticipate a user approach to removing the malware. Probably, once a user discovered the trojan, the next point of action is to uninstall. Doing so will not get rid of the malware entirely.
Hence, the only way to actually remove the trojan completely would be to do a fresh install of the browser. Because, by uninstalling just the malware, the attackers can still access the user encrypted connection.
Although, the intended targets are located in Russia and Belarus which maybe politically motivated. Still, the attack could be use for other aims and anyone using Chrome or Firefox is prone.
Final words
Consequently, Turla has been one of today's most sophisticated cyber hacker group, by a wide margin. Moreover, their skills and techniques are years ahead of their competition. Notwithstanding, this is not the first time Turla has alters a browser component to deploy malware on infected hosts. And probably, this also might not be their last.
Truly, Turla is sophisticated but having a government backing makes them formidable.
First of all, what really can you do to protect yourself from Turla?
First, always read security updates and tips from your Antivirus provider and security experts. Do also earnest on the power of information to keep yourself abreast of the latest threats and precautions.
Above all, always try to keep yourself safe and updated on the latest threats out there on the public domain.
Additional resource: To know more on why hackers do the things they do and where they usual hang out. The dark web is sure a place to explore and find out more about the hackers ecosystem. But before you should dive into the dark web, please read first this article.
For questions or suggestions, we are a click away.
Please leave a comment below.
Team techablaze
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19 February 2020
Billions of liters pouring from waterworks pipes: New invention uses AI to solve the problem
Water wastage
Every year, billions of liters of clean water are lost by Danish waterworks due to broken pipes. An innovative water meter from the University of Copenhagen uses big data and artificial intelligence to make it easier for water suppliers to monitor consumption, detect leaks and reduce water wastage.
 Person points to computer screen showing overview of where there is water spillage
Water loss from leaky pipes can be difficult to detect. Especially for the more than half of Danish water supplies who don't perform daily monitoring of how much water is pumped versus the amount that is consumed. According to the Danish Water and Wastewater Association, eight percent of all water pumped from Danish waterworks is lost annually. This corresponds to about 18 billion liters of drinking water, that, for one reason or another, are lost somewhere between the waterworks and households.
Now, an ambitious group of young University of Copenhagen entrepreneurs has devised a monitoring system for water suppliers. Using artificial intelligence and machine learning, the system can warn a water utility of a suspected leak in the event of a sudden spike in water being pumped.
"Having analyzed large amounts of water data from previous years, our water meter knows exactly how much water is typically used on, for example, a Tuesday in January. If there is a deviation from the amount of typically pumped, the water works will be notified so that they can address the issue," explains Mathias Stephensen, co-founder of Sense Analytics, a start-up with roots in the SCIENCE Innovation Hub at the University of Copenhagen.
A year to detect broken pipes
82 million liters of clean water recently gushed into the ground through a broken pipe operated by a Danish water supplier. It took more than a year before the waterworks discovered that their accounting was off. This example is far from an anomaly.
170 major municipal water utilities and 1500 smaller private waterworks lack an intelligent system to continuously monitor the amount of water being pumped from their plants and the amount being consumed. Continuously comparing these two figures allows water suppliers to get an indication of whether or not water is reaching consumers as it should.
"But many water utilities lack the tools needed to detect leaks. They must make do with reviewing their annual water accounts, thereby risking that it is only then when large leaks will be revealed," explains Mathias Stephensen, an economics student at the University of Copenhagen.
Cheaper solution for smaller waterworks
Roughly half of Danish municipal water supplies have a smart solution that makes use of remotely read meters which constantly send data to the waterworks about how much water is being consumed. However, the solution is expensive and can cost as much as 10-15 million kroner. This is a large sum for a small waterworks, and it is a cost that may eventually need to be passed along to consumers.
"Our solution is a subscription scheme costing way less than the current options. The solution runs through a web platform that allows waterworks to see their data. The amount of water pumped out by the water utility is monitored. If we suspect a leak, we'll notify them," explains Mathias Stephensen.
Sense Analytics has developed intelligent water monitoring in collaboration with five water utilities and is fully operational with one.
Alongside the water suppliers, the small company is currently working to review and further develop the solution so as to make it an attractive one for customers abroad, where there is much greater potential than here in Denmark.


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Objective: To determine the prevalence of infant exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) among infants attending child health clinics in regional NSW; the association between such exposure and household smoking behaviours; and the factors associated with smoking restrictions in households with infants. Methods: Parents completed a computer-based questionnaire and infant urine samples were collected. Information was obtained regarding the smoking behaviours of household members and samples were analysed for cotinine. Results: Twenty seven per cent of infants had detectable levels of cotinine. Infant ETS exposure was significantly associated with the smoking status of household members, absence of complete smoking bans in smoking households and having more than one smoker in the home. Smoking households were significantly less likely to have a complete smoking ban in place. Conclusions: This study suggests that a significant proportion of the population group most vulnerable to ETS were exposed. Implications: Future efforts to reduce children's exposure to ETS need to target cessation by smoking parents, and smoking bans in households of infants where parents are smokers if desired reductions in childhood ETS-related illness are to be realised.
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health Vol. 34, Issue 3, p. 269-273


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The East Ithaca Depot
The building AGAVA resides in was known as the East Ithaca Railroad Depot, built as part of Ezra's investment in 1876. The Depot was a stop on the Utica, Ithaca & Elmira Railway Line. Ezra wanted a station as close to campus as possible to make travel to this remote campus easy on faculty, and students. The original location was down the street at the current Coal Café and Coal Apartments on Maple Avenue.
During the 1850s and 60s, railroads were booming in the United States. The Ithaca and Owego Railroad had opened in 1834, but it was more of a horse drawn trolley on wood planks than a steel rail locomotive line. It wasn't until after the Civil War that Ezra Cornell used an estimated $2 million of his own fortune to put Ithaca on the railroad map. Ezra recognized that the railways would help not only secure future trade but also provide travel facilities for members of the University he was in the process of forming.
Today the only active line is a train that runs from Gang Mills yard (west of Corning) over the ex-Erie to Waverly line and then up the Ithaca & Athens line to Ithaca & Cayuga Lake. Cargill and NYSEG account for most of the car loads
Utica, Ithaca & Elmira Railroad. First Train out over Deep Gorge between Van Etten and Horseheads, November 11, 1873. Ezra Cornell, wearing top hat, has one foot on timber guard.
The History Center
Winton G Rossiter and John Marcham: "History of Railroads in Tompkins County"


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Use the Login Page Settings page to customize your login page.
To navigate to the Login Page Settings page, click the gear wheel, select Users & System Administration, and click Login Page under Customize.
Here, you can change the background image and the welcome text that displays above the Login credentials. The default text for the welcome text is your company name as registered in kintone Store.
To customize your login page:
- Enter desired Welcome Text in the box. To display nothing in this area of the Login Page, just leave this field blank.
- Click Browse, locate a file from your device, and select a background image.
- To delete the image, click the Delete icon.
- Click Save.
- When you logout and log back in, you will see the new image and text.
You can use the following file types for the background image:


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Capital Chips (Part 2)
This lesson printed from:
Posted July 30, 2002
Author: Council for Economic Education Technology Staff
Posted: July 30, 2002
Updated: June 10, 2009
Through the use of a historical timeline of the capital investments made by the company the resulting benefits will be examined. The benefits from the capital investments of Herr Foods, Inc. will be related to their effect on the standard of living. Then students will visit one of three websites, select an innovation/invention of their choice to analyze in terms of its impact on productivity and the standard of living. Finally, the teacher will select one invention/innovation from a designated website and have students analyze it in the same economic terms as the focus of this lesson and write an essay summarizing the innovation/invention.
Productivity is a measurement of output resulting from the use of productive resources or inputs. It refers to the amount of output per unit of input over a period of time. An increase in productivity may mean producing the same amount with fewer inputs, producing more output with the same inputs, or a combination of the two. Companies look for ways to maintain and increase the level of productivity in order to remain competitive while maintaining profits. One way of accomplishing this is through investing in capital goods such as machines, tools, and new ideas used in the production process. Technological improvements in capital goods are a leading cause of increase in productivity.
After completing the following activities, your students will develop a better understanding of the economics associated with productivity. In the first activity your students will explore the concepts that are connected to productivity. In the second activity your students will investigate the Herr's Potato Chips, a company that is constantly working at incorporating new techniques to satisfy the customer. Finally, in the third activity your students will use the Internet to search for inventors and inventions. Their task is to find an invention they would like to learn more about and learn how that invention improves its environment. After your students complete all three parts to this lesson they will find a series of questions that will explore what they have learned from Capital Chips about productivity.
Part 2 Introduction:
The students are going to take a tour of the Herr's Foods Inc in this lesson. Herr's Potato Chips have been on the market for the past 50 years. The company is constantly working at incorporating new techniques to satisfy the customer. The students' job will be to see how these new techniques improve the company and benefits the customer.
- Point out to the students that they will learn about some actual investments in capital resources that have increased productivity for one company in particular. They will learn how Herr's Foods, Inc. increased its productivity over the years through a variety of investments in capital resources.
- Divide the students into 10 groups. Assign each group a year (or point on the Herr's Foods timeline).
- Direct all groups to click on the first entry of the timeline and read it so that each group understands the beginnings of the Herr's Potato Chip factory business.
- Direct the students to click on the point on the Herr's timeline that corresponds to the date(s) that they were assigned.
- Tell the students to answer the following questions using the information they obtain from the timeline for the year assigned.
- What was the capital investment, new idea, or innovation that occurred during this time frame on the Herr's timeline?
- How did this change increase the productivity of the Herr's potato chip business?
- What was the impact of this change on the consumer, producer, and worker?
- Direct all groups to click on the last entry of the Herr's Foods timeline and explore it so that each group has an understanding of the progress Herr's Foods, Inc. has made.
- At the end of this part of the lesson involving Herr's Foods lesson (or at the end of the entire lesson), plan to have a variety of Herr's products for the students to enjoy.
The students have now applied the concepts from the previous activity to a real-life business. Next the students will get a closer look at an innovation or invention, to see how they can be used in a business.


CLion 2020.2 Help
Import a local directory to Subversion repository
You can import an entire directory to your Subversion repository provided that you have access rights. This is helpful for putting a whole project under version control.
Import to the repository is always available, even if Subversion integration is not enabled for your project.
To import a directory to a Subversion repository, do the following:
 1. From the main menu, choose VCS | Import into Version Control | Import into Subversion.
 2. In the Import into Subversion dialog that opens, select the target Subversion repository. If the desired target repository location is not in the list, click the icons.general.add.svg button to add it (for more details, see Configure Subversion repository location). Click Import.
 3. In the Select Path dialog that opens, specify the directory you want to import and click OK.
 4. In the SVN Import Options dialog that opens, check the Import to and Import from paths and specfiy the following options:
 - Depth: use this list to specify the range of recursion into Subversion subdirectories. The available options are:
 - infinity: select this option to enable full recursion.
 - Include ignored resources: select this option to include files that have been added to the Subversion ignore list and are not subject to version control into the import.
 5. Optionally, enter a commit message, or select one from the Recent Messages drop-down list and click OK.
Last modified: 19 August 2020


Helpful Tips For Refrigerating Banana Bread Batter
Despite what you might assume or may have read about refrigerating banana bread batter. We have found that you can still successfully store the batter overnight or longer in a refrigerator. There are just a few things you should know first.
So if you are planning on making the batter ahead of time, here is what you should know first.
It would be fine to store your banana bread batter in the fridge for up to 48 hours. The longer the batter is stored the more it will oxidize and turn a dark brown or grey color. This will not effect the flavor or texture but will turn the finished product a darker color.
Now that we know there isn't much to worry about when it comes to storing banana bread batter in the fridge.
We can go into slightly more detail to help you understand further. Then we will also share how exactly you need to go about storing your banana bread batter.
Can You Refrigerate Banana Bread Batter?
Banana bread belongs in the quick bread category and the batter is usually meant to be baked right after mixing. Meaning you don't have wait for any rising period.
This is also why banana bread recipes use simple batter mixtures instead of yeast based dough's.
When it comes to refrigerating batter vs dough, you don't have to worry as much about over rising. With other breads time plays a big role in how the bread turns out.
Banana bread batter isn't as delicate to time and temperature. So you can leave it sit for longer periods of time and the taste will not be affected.
Still if you do plan on storing your banana bread batter in a refrigerator overnight or longer. There is one thing to know about one of the ingredients used to make banana bread.
Can Banana Bread Batter Be Made Ahead of Time?
As mentioned you can make banana bread batter a day or two ahead before baking. Despite being aware of changes in the color of the final product.
You should as an extra precaution use a specific type of baking powder. Baking powder is a leavening agent used to help the bread rise and become lighter.
Baking powder begins to work as soon as it comes in to contact with liquid. Releasing carbon dioxide and creating bubbles that help leaven the batter.
In the case of banana bread batter, as soon as you combine the two main mixes, one being dry (the flour, salt and baking powder) the other wet (eggs, butter, sugar and bananas) the powder becomes activated.
Most folks are afraid that after the baking powder works. The effects are ruined by storing the batter in the fridge overnight. The situation is the batter returns to its normal condensed state.
Here is where the type of baking powder you use makes a difference. If you didn't already know there are actually 6 types of baking powder. But the most common is single and double-acting baking powder.
The popular brand is Rumford and they make both types of baking powder. You can pick up double-acting baking powder on Amazon here.
So what is the difference?
Single-acting baking powder works by being activated only by liquid. So single meaning one time activation.
Double-acting works by reacting with liquid at first and then another time by heat.
Really double acting is better to use for banana bread anyways, but you should especially use it for when you plan to store your batter in the fridge.
This way you get the first reaction of the baking powder, then you can count on the second activation when you actually begin to bake the bread.
Remember baking powder does expire and will not be as effective after sitting in the shelf for too long.
How Long Can You Store Banana Bread Batter?
Keeping banana bread batter in the fridge should be no longer than 3 days. After that you can expect the quality to degrade. As the ingredients will begin to partially separate.
Also the best bananas to use for banana bread are over-ripe. So there's only a small window before they break down further.
Make sure to store the batter in a sealed container or wrap the baking pan with plastic wrap. Keep it near the back of the refrigerator.
Coat the pan or container with butter or cooking spray to prevent sticking.
Can You Freeze Banana Bread Batter?
Freezing banana bread batter can be done but we don't recommend it. Only because it actually takes longer to thaw the dough after than it does to mix a new batch.
There are a few helpful tips for freezing batter. If you are going to make a couple loafs or more. Do not freeze these batters together, as they will be nearly impossible to break apart.
Instead freeze both of them separately in the baking pan. Then you can bag each one separately.
Also its best to keep them in a even shaped formation, that way they thaw out evenly. Remember to date the package to keep track of how long its been frozen.
You should thaw the batter out in the baking pan you intend to use. This way if the batter rises slightly if will keep its shape.
How Long Can You Freeze Banana Bread Batter?
You don't want to keep frozen batter for longer that three months. As any bread dough the freezing and thawing makes the rising take longer. Which begins to affect how the bread tastes.
Always thaw out your dough or batter in the refrigerator. As you don't want any part to become warm or room temperature first.
Banana bread batter will take about just as long to thaw as bread dough. About 12 hours in the refrigerator should be enough time.
Cheesecake-Filled Banana Bread
In case you haven't tried making cheesecake filled banana bread. Its actually very simple, so check out the quick video to see how.
Eric M Wilkens
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Do bananas contain starch?
Bananas and plantains (cooking bananas) are nowadays grown in all humid tropical regions. The bananas are picked green from the trees, shipped and kept from ripening until they reach the shops. Imperfectly ripened bananas are composed of starch; but as the natural ripening proceeds, the starchy material is converted into dextrin and glucose.
The cooking banana is larger, coarser and less sweet than the kinds that are generally eaten raw. Its starch content is about 25%.


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What is the difference between therapeutic diet and fad diet?
Topic starter
People diet for various reasons like for reducing weight, gaining weight or due to lifestyle diseases like diabetes, hypertension or thyroid. In the mainstream of diet, mostly people tend to fall for fad diets which are mostly unhealthy. Instead of opting for fad diets, therapeutic diet (balanced diet as per the medical conditions) is better and is always tailored according to you and your body's nutritional status and requirements. Ever confused between types of diet and their uses? Here we are to explain the benefits of these two diets, difference and which is more effective. Have a look!
What is it?
Therapeutic diet is a type of personalised diet which comprises of meal plan prescribed by nutritionist or doctor. It is a mode of treatment and is customised according to the type of disease, preferences, likes and dislikes of the person. It generally requires you to limit, substitute or eliminate certain types of food, eat more of certain types of foods, change the consistency of your foods or alter your eating pattern.
Fad diets are the type of diet which is mostly promoted because they are popular for quick weight loss. It's considered as a quick-fix remedy with little effort. Many of these diets include eliminating certain foods that has essential nutrients and sometimes even cut entire food groups.
Classification of diet under therapeutic and fad diet
Diets made for conditions like diabetes, high cholesterol, hypertension and thyroid are some of the types of diet that come under therapeutic diet.
Diets like Keto diet (is for patients dealing with Atkins syndrome), Liquid diet (recommended or patients who have recently undergone surgery) and Paleo diet are few examples of fad diet.
Therapeutic diets are generally used for a specific health condition and are tailored according to the patient's condition.
Therapeutic diets are purposely designed to correct, maintain and restore the nutritional status, to decrease calories for weight loss, for weight management, to increase calories for weight gain, to exclude foods that may lead to kinds of allergies or food intolerance, and to balance the amount of protein, carbohydrates, and fats to maintain a healthy body.
Fad diets target quick weight loss and often lead by people who want to follow crash diet for specific family events and any other events.
Therapeutic diets include well balanced diet with desired modifications according to the condition of the person and disease which has all of the green vegetables, fruits, cereals and millets, whole grains, and eggs in required quantity. It has all the sources of crabs, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals, roughage and water.
Fad diets may include those that are fat-free, very-low-carbohydrate, or high protein. Some fad diets focus on a particular food, such as just fruits or just protein.
Fad diets are more popular than therapeutic diets because it claims to give quick results within a shorter period of time. Fad diet is influenced from film stars, social media and internet. Actors do follow these fancy fad diets but under the proper guidance and nutritionist.
Therapeutic diets have more desired effects on the other hand fad diets generally have short-lived effects which means that the moment you stop following the diet, you tend to regain the weight. And one should always consider the fact that this type of diet can later have adverse effects on the person's body.
What is wrong with fad diets?
It is claimed that these fad diets blame a particular hormones for weight gain, or suggest that food can change body chemistry or they may hype or ban a particular food. The food groups that these diets do permit, the amounts are either well above or well below those recommended by doctors or dieticians. Fad diets provide a temporary solution and so once the diet is stopped, the lost weight is regained quickly since none of these diets teach behaviour modification.
Over to you
Hope now you know what type of diet to be followed during what conditions. Make sure you're consulting the best dietitian or doctor and follow diets recommended by them under their guidance only. Don't fall for fad diets or internet diets. If you are going for therapeutic diets, make sure they are designed by nutritionists/dieticians and not blindly follow them after referring the internet.
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National flags, national flag colors, and the well-being of countries
AbstractThis paper utilizes a simple production function model to assess the relative importance of national flags and national flag colors on the well-being of 93 nations in 2007. It finds that the existence of national flags affects well-being positively. Well-being is inelastic with respect to national flag colors. In other words, it is far more important to well-being to have a national flag than whether the flag is a certain color combination. There is considerable regional variation, but the effects of national flags on well-being are invariant with respect to region.
Download InfoIf you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
Bibliographic InfoPaper provided by University Library of Munich, Germany in its series MPRA Paper with number 11304.
Date of creation: 29 Oct 2008
Date of revision:
National well-being; human development index (HDI); national flags; national flag colors;
Find related papers by JEL classification:
- C51 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Model Construction and Estimation
- O11 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
- D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
- O15 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
- C21 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models
- D60 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - General
This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:
Please report citation or reference errors to, or, if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Robert E. Hall & Charles I. Jones, 1999.
"Why Do Some Countries Produce So Much More Output per Worker than Others?,"
NBER Working Papers
6564, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Robert E. Hall & Charles I. Jones, 1999. "Why Do Some Countries Produce So Much More Output Per Worker Than Others?," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 114(1), pages 83-116, February.
- Jones, Charles I, 1997.
" Convergence Revisited,"
Journal of Economic Growth,
Springer, vol. 2(2), pages 131-53, July.
Blog mentionsAs found by EconAcademics.org, the blog aggregator for Economics research:CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
- Amavilah, Voxi Heinrich, 2009. "National symbols, globalization, and the well-being of nations," MPRA Paper 14882, University Library of Munich, Germany.
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Instructions for Certified Information Security Manager-CISM Practice Test 5
This page show the instructions for Certified Information Security Manager-CISM Practice Test 5. Please read it carefully before attempting the test.
Number of Questions:
The test has 20 questions for practice
Type of Questions:
This test format is multiple choices. Each question has 4 to 10 options.
- The passing score does not mean that you must answer 80 percent of the questions correctly in order to pass the exam. The actual percentage varies from exam to exam and may be more or less than 80 percent.
- If a question specifies that you must choose multiple correct answers, you must choose the exact number of correct answers specified in the question in order to earn a point for that item.
- Attempt all questions since there are no penalties for guessing. No points are deducted for incorrect answers.
- You must answer each question before proceeding to the next question.
- If you leave the test midway through your session, you cannot resume it where you left off by returning to this page.
Click below to start:
The test is best viewed using Internet Explorer 6.0+, Mozilla Firefox 2.0+ or Google Chrome.
This practice test is included in CISM Certification Prep course. Following are all practice tests available in this course:
This course includes practice tests and articles, but it does not cover every exam question. Only the ISACA exam team has access to the exam questions for CISM exam, and ISACA regularly adds new questions to the exam, making it impossible to cover specific questions. You should consider this course a supplement to your relevant real-world experience


While it's not illegal to pack a laptop in your checked baggage, the Transportation Security Administration advises against doing so. Your sensitive electronic devices weren't made to withstand the abuse that checked bags often endure. This means that if you plan to fly with a laptop, you should carry it on the plane with you – and there are a few simple rules for doing so.
Items you will need
 - Checkpoint-friendly bag
Step 1
Use a "checkpoint-friendly" laptop bag to make the screening process easier when you go through security checkpoints. These bags allow X-ray machines to get an unobstructed look at your laptop so you don't have to remove the device from the bag. Checkpoint-friendly bags include laptop sleeves and butterflyor trifold-style bags that have a laptop-only section that can lie flat on the scanning belt.
Step 2
Check that your checkpoint-friendly laptop bag doesn't have metal buckles, zippers or snaps on top of, underneath or inside the bag's laptop-only section; and don't put anything else in the laptop compartment beside your laptop. For a clear view on the X-ray machine, the laptop needs to be visible without any obstructions.
Step 3
Place power cords, zip drives and other laptop accessories in a separate compartment or in another bag. The laptop must get scanned separately from its other components.
Step 4
Prepare to take your laptop out of your bag if you don't have a checkpoint-friendly bag. It's perfectly fine to use a bag with straps and zippers that block the laptop; but, if this is the case, you'll have to place your laptop on the scanning belt separately. If you're using a bag that isn't checkpoint-friendly, make sure your laptop is easily accessible so you can remove it from the bag when the time comes.
 - Fully charge your laptop before you pack it for flight to get the most out of your battery once you're on board.
 - Don't store your laptop in an overhead bin when flying — it could sustain damage during turbulence. Instead, place your laptop under the seat in front of you to keep it safe.
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Author: Erica Sullivan
How to Plumb a Dishwasher
A man in blue overalls showing a woman how to plumb a dishwasher in her Boca Raton, FL.
From commercial centers to family homes, dishwashers are an efficient way to save time and remove germs. In addition to saving utility costs, they also contribute to a green ecosystem, thus making one an ideal option for your home. If you have been thinking of installing one, this article explains how to plumb a dishwasher... Read more »
How Does Air Conditioning Work?
Two hands assembling parts on air conditioner, posing the question, How does air conditioning work in Boca Raton?
There are several misconceptions about the air conditioning system and how it works. This post will correct some of those misconceptions as we answer your question, How Does Air Conditioning Work? We will also explain some of the components involved and the essence of each in the cooling and heating process. From a layman perspective,... Read more »


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Definition of Ventriculopleural shunt
Ventriculopleural shunt: A shunt that drains fluid from a cerebral ventricle into the pleural (chest) cavity. The shunt is designed to relieve hydrocephalus ("water on the brain").Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionary
Last Editorial Review: 6/14/2012
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Noun: whirlpool 'wurl,pool
 1. A powerful circular current of water (usually the result of conflicting tides)
 - vortex, maelstrom
Verb: whirlpool 'wurl,pool
 1. Flow in a circular current, of liquids
 - eddy, purl, swirl, whirl
Derived forms: whirlpooled, whirlpooling, whirlpools
Type of: course, current, feed, flow, run, stream
Encyclopedia: Whirlpool