text:
Under the direction of Chantal Desmarais, a rehabilitation researcher at Université Laval, Paméla Filiatrault-Veilleux, a doctoral student at the Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (CIRRIS), has developed a digital tool to measure the ability of children aged 3 to 6 to fully grasp the meaning of a text.
To understand a story, it is not enough to be able to decode words and sentences: one must also be able to interpret certain implicit information, such as a character's emotions and goals. This is known as "inference," a skill that causes a number of students to struggle with learning to read and is also a challenge for speech-language therapists. Unlike difficulties with oral expression—which are relatively easy to spot when listening to a child speak—inference problems are more difficult to identify and measure. However, there was no truly effective tool to conduct this type of assessment.
To understand a story, it is not enough to be able to decode words and sentences.
To remedy the situation, CIRRIS members, with the help of software engineering students from Université Laval qui who founded Logiciels Skyglow Inc, developed an application called Évaluation de la compréhension inférentielle en récit (ÉCIR). About 100 children, six speech-language therapists, researchers and other specialists contributed to the clinical validation of this application.
In this interactive tool, actors tell a story that includes sound effects. This helps students better visualize the narrative and grasp its meaning. They are then asked open-ended questions to measure their level of understanding and their ability to draw inferences.
Since its launch in 2017, nearly 100 speech-language therapists and clinics have acquired a license to use this tool with students. Teachers and other specialists can also benefit.


What is SCD legal? Definition, Legal/Illegal lists & Legal yogurt
When I first started out on the Specific Carbohydrate Diet one of the things that struck me as a bit strange was the term "SCD legal". In this article, I take a dive deep into the concept of foods being SCD legal. I'll also share my experience with making SCD legal yogurt, one of the first recipes many people make on the diet.
What is SCD legal? SCD legal is the term used for foods that can be eaten on the Specific Carbohydrate Diet, in contrast to illegal foods or ingredients that must be avoided on the SCD diet. This shorthand of legal/illegal ingredients was introduced by Elaine Godshall, after the death of originator Dr. Sydney Hass.
Let's go through a bit of the background and history of what these terms mean and how they came about, as well as where to find information on which foods are allowed on the diet. If you are starting on the SCD or know someone who is, it can be helpful to have a little background.
SCD Legal Definition
So the definition of SCD Legal are foods and ingredients that can be eaten when following the Specific Carbohydrate Diet. This is in contrast to illegal ingredients and foods which must be excluded completely while following the SCD diet. It is simply the terminology chosen for highlighting what you can and cannot eat on the diet.
Over the many years following the SCD diet, I have had a lot of people smirk or crack jokes about the terminology chosen for the "legal/illegal" list of foods for the diet.
No, no one will be coming to arrest you if you eat a pound of candy, so that wording can seem a bit silly. Still, I think the goal was to impart the seriousness and importance of following the diet 100% with no exceptions until you are healed.
no food should be ingested that contains carbohydrates other than those found in fruits, honey, properly prepared yogurt, and those vegetables and nuts listed.
I can see the reasoning behind trying to communicate how strictly you have to follow the diet. It tends to be human nature to assume that a cheat here and there is not going to be such a big deal. For example that a one time exception where you eat some cake at a party is just part of life or that even what you don't know can't hurt you with certain unknowns in an ingredient list. I think the purpose of calling these ingredients "illegal" is to emphasize that it IS a big deal, that one slip up can set your progress by many months.
I have heard interviews with people who had followed the diet strictly for a period of years with full healing and decided they can begin to add foods deemed illegal on SCD back into their diets and one day ended up in the hospital. These types of stories tend to scare you straight, or at least they did for me.
It appears that Elaine Godshall, who popularized the current incarnation of the SCD diet, is the one who came up with the term SCD "legal" and "illegal".
The most prevalent terminology used in Management of celiac disease by Dr. Sydney Haas, the original creator of the diet, appears to have been the terminology "forbidden" foods, for example in this excerpt:
The strictness of this diet cannot be overemphasized, nor should the difficulty of adhering to it be minimized. Faithful observance requires intelligence and vigilance on the part of the mother or the person taking care of the child with celiac disease. It is surprising how many a child will, despite the best parental supervision, manage to get hold of forbidden food.
Management of celiac disease – Sidney Haas
Other terminology commonly used by Dr. Haas were "prohibited" and "not allowed". For example in the following passage in Management of celiac disease: "Any cereal grain is strictly and absolutely forbidden, including corn, wheat, rye or rice in any form, whether it is bread, cake, toast, zweiback, crackers, cookies or breakfast cereals. Potato is prohibited. Sugar is forbidden as sweetening or in the form of candy, pastries, breads, etc, as well as dextrins such as are found in corn sirups and lollipops. Milk other than protein milk is not allowed.".
Having these multiple ways of describing illegal foods on the SCD may have been not quite as clear and to the point. This may have been Elaine Godshall's thinking when coming up with the term illegal in her guidance for those following SCD in her book years later.
Using such strong language, it's hard not to take notice of what is strictly off limits on the diet, or at least it does the best job possible of driving home this point.
Specific Carbohydrate Diet Legal List
The official specific carbohydrate diet legal list is available on the Breaking the Vicious Cycle companion website:
This is a great resource that everyone on the diet will use periodically.
Although some general concepts you tend to put to memory, such as that carrots are legal but cane juice/cane sugar is not – the SCD legal list is great for confirming some less common foods, such as whether Jicama is legal (it is not).
One limitation you will notice about the SCD legal/illegal list is that it does not have every ingredient in the world. Given that it was Elaine Godshall herself who studied the biochemistry of foods and maintained the evaluations for SCD legal and illegal lists, there were understandably limits to the amounts of ingredients she had been able to review.
Elaine Godshall passed away in 2005. Since that time, as new food trends have emerged there has been a bit of a void in terms of another source of truth for whether items should be allowed on the SCD.
Elaine always maintained that if there weren't enough resources to study a particular food, that it was probably not worth taking a chance. That concept applied now more than ever, as new exotic fruits and vegetables are available in North America, one has to make a judgment call for themselves as to whether to take a chance eating a food that has not been blessed as SCD legal or play it safe by sticking to those foods reviewed for the SCD legal list (I would definitely recommend playing it safe for those who are still healing and following the SCD).
What is SCD Legal Yogurt?
SCD legal yogurt is simply a homemade yogurt created from scratch at home using an SCD compliant yogurt starter like the one from Yogourmet, with one additional requirement of letting the yogurt ferment for a full 24 hours as opposed to the more standard 4 or 8 hours.
One of the more exotic elements of the Specific Carbohydrate Diet is the recommendation to make your own yogurt from scratch. In general other ingredients, like carrots, eggs, fish and meats are pretty common, but people can get a little nervous about the requirement of making homemade yogurt.
As a quick overview, the steps to make SCD compliant yogurt are to heat milk on the stove to a simmer, making sure it doesn't boil over, then cover it and let it cool until it is below 110F (can take a bit of time), transfer a bit of the simmered milk into the yogurt maker (which keeps it at a steady 100-110F), add the yogurt starter, then add the rest of the milk and turn on the yogurt maker for a full 24 hours.
I hope to do a more in-depth article in the future on SCD yogurt making, but here are more details on the steps as well as a helpful video showing the steps:
This is a helpful video tutorial on making SCD legal yogurt if you are new at it. Note that if you cannot find the exact Dannon yogurt she mentions you can also use the Yogourmet starter linked above.
Related Questions
What does "SCD diet" mean? SCD diet stands for the Specific Carbohydrate Diet, created by Sidney Valentine Haas, M.D. and made popular by Elaine Gottschall in her book Breaking The Vicious Cycle. Its goal is the management of Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, diverticulitis, cystic fibrosis and chronic diarrhea.
What is SCD legal bacon? SCD Legal bacon is any bacon that does not contain ingredients that are restricted from the Specific Carbohydrate Diet, such as refined sugar. Although in the book Breaking The Vicious Cycle, bacon cured with sugar is allowed once per week in small quantities, SCD legal bacon can be eaten liberally.
Recent Posts


Three-quarters of British people commit micro crimes
[Lifestyle ★★]
(P1) A new report says there is a "wave of micro crime" in Britain. Researchers were shocked by their findings. One researcher said three in every four people you see in the UK are hiding a criminal history. Up to 74 percent of British people are 'micro-criminals'. They have done at least one minor, 'micro' crime." The most common crime is paying someone cash when they know that person will not pay tax on it.
(P2) Men were the most likely to commit micro crimes. About 80 percent of middle-class people and 70 percent of working-class people admitted to micro crimes. The second-most common micro crime was illegal downloading or streaming. About 30 percent of people did this. Other micro crimes include not paying for bags in supermarkets, lying about your age to get a better deal, and eating things in a supermarket without paying.
WORDS: 147
VOCABULARY: shocked, criminal, commit, illegal, lying
 2. Are micro-crimes committed in your country? If so, which ones?
 3. Why do you think so many people commit micro-crimes?
 4. Do you think people who commit micro-crimes should be punished if caught? Why or why not?
 1. What percent of British residents have committed a small crime?
 2. Which micro crime occurs more often than others?
 3. Both men and women commit micro-crimes. (T or F)
 4. Around 70% of the middle and working class acknowledged they committed micro crimes. (T or F)
 5. Excluding the most common micro crime, what are three other micro crimes?
What do the following expressions or phrases mean?
 - "wave of micro crime" (P1)
 - three in every four people (P1)
 - middle-class (P2)
 - working-class (P2)
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text:
Fire Following Earthquake
The California Seismic Safety Commission has funded the PEER Center to conduct research related to fire following earthquakes. Prof. Charles Scawthorn, a Visiting Scholar at the PEER Center, is leading the study entitled Water Supply in Regard to Fire Following Earthquake. This work is supported from the Commissionís Research Program.
The purpose of the study is to review the current status of emergency water supply in California vis-a-vis needs for fires following earthquake and provide a series of recommendations for improvements if and where needed. Issues to be discussed include fire ignitions following earthquakes, the status of the stateís urban water systems, the status of urban fire departmentsí emergency water supply, and opportunities to enhance emergency water supply systems.
View the summarizing handout Fire Following Earthquake: Will water be there for firefighters? (PDF file - 2.9 MB)

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Main Content
Get Started with the Image Labeler
The Image Labeler app provides an easy way to interactively create a variety of shapes to mark as region of interest (ROI) labels. You can create rectangular, polyline, pixel, and polygon ROI labels and scene labels in an image or image sequence.
You can use labeled data to validate or train algorithms such as image classifiers, object detectors, and semantic and instance segmentation networks. Consider your application when choosing a labeling drawing tool to create ROI labels. For more details on how to select the right label type and drawing tool for your application, see ROI Labels, Sublabels, and Attributes.
 - Load unlabeled data
 - Manually label an image frame from an image collection.
 - Automatically label across image frames using an automation algorithm.
 - Export the labeled ground truth data.
ROI and Scene Label Definitions
 - An ROI label corresponds to either a rectangular, polyline, pixel, or polygon region of interest. These labels contain two components: the label name, such as "cars," and the region you create.
Load Unlabeled Data
Load Data Programmatically
To programmatically load images from a datastore:
 1. Create a datastore from a folder of images:
 imageFolder = fullfile(toolboxdir('vision'),'visiondata','boats.png')
 imds = imageDatastore(imageFolder)
 2. Load the datastore:
To programmatically load a folder of images:
Load Data Directly from the App
Open the app from the Apps tab, under Image Processing and Computer Vision. Click Import to load images or click Open Session to open a saved session.
Create Label Definitions
Create ROI Label
An ROI label is a label that corresponds to a region of interest (ROI) in an image. You can define these ROI label types.
 - Rectangle — Draw 2-D rectangular bounding box labels around objects in an image, such as vehicles, boats, buildings.
 - Projected cuboid — Draw 3-D bounding box labels around objects in an image, such as vehicles, boats, buildings.
 - Line — Draw linear ROIs to label lines, such as lane boundaries.
 - Pixel label — Draw pixels to label various classes, such as road or sky, for semantic segmentation. For more information about pixel labeling, see Label Pixels for Semantic Segmentation.
 - Polygon — Draw polygon labels around objects. You can label distinct instances of the same class. For more information on drawing polygon ROI labels for instance and semantic segmentation networks, see Label Objects Using Polygons
For more details about these ROI label definitions, see ROI Labels, Sublabels, and Attributes.
In this example, you define a Boat group for labeling types of boats, and then create a Rectangle ROI label for a Sailboat and a Tanker. To control showing the ROI label names during labeling, select On Hover, Always, or Never from the Show ROI Labels drop-down menu.
 2. Create a Rectangle label type named Sailboat.
 4. From the Group drop-down menu, select New Group... and name the group Boats
 5. Click OK.
 The Boats group name appears in the ROI Labels pane with the label Sailboat created. You can move a label in the list to a different position or group in the list by left-clicking and dragging the label up or down.
 6. To add a second type of Boats label, select the group Boats, then click Label. Name the label Tanker. Click OK.
 7. Select the Sailboat sublabel, then use the mouse to draw a rectangular ROI around the a sailboat. Select the Tanker sublabel to draw an ROI around the tanker ship.
 Sailboat in the foreground and tanker ship in the background
Create Sublabels
A sublabel is a type of ROI label that corresponds to a parent ROI label. Each sublabel must belong to, or be a child of, a specific label defined in the ROI Labels pane. For example, in the ocean scene, a sailboat label might have sublabels for sails. For more details about sublabels, see ROI Labels, Sublabels, and Attributes.
Define a sublabel for sails.
 1. In the ROI Labels pane on the left, click the Sailboat label.
 2. Click Sublabel.
 3. Create a Rectangle sublabel named sail and optionally write a description. Click OK.
 The sail sublabel appears in the ROI Labels pane. The sublabel is nested under the selected ROI label, Sailboat, and by default has the same color as its parent label.
 You can add multiple sublabels under a label. You can also drag-and-drop the sublabels to reorder them in the list and right-click any label for additional edits.
 4. In the ROI Labels pane, select the sail sublabel.
 5. In the image frame, select the Sailboat label. The label turns yellow when selected. You must select the Sailboat label (parent ROI) before you can draw a sublabel for it.
 Draw sail sublabels for each of the sails.
Sublabels cannot have their own sublabels and they can only be used with rectangular or polyline ROI labels.
Create ROI Attribute
An ROI attribute specifies additional information about an ROI label or sublabel. For example, in a driving scene, attributes might include the type or color of a vehicle. In the ocean scene, attributes might include the type of sailboat or number of sails. You can define ROI attributes of these types.
 - Numeric Value — Specify a numeric scalar attribute, such as the number of doors on a labeled vehicle or the number of sails on a sailboat.
 - String — Specify a string scalar attribute, such as the color of a vehicle or boat.
 - Logical — Specify a logical true or false attribute, such as whether a vehicle is in motion or a boat is making way.
 - List — Specify a drop-down list attribute of predefined strings, such as make or model of a vehicle or boat.
For more details about these attribute types, see ROI Labels, Sublabels, and Attributes.
Add an attribute to a Label.
 1. In the ROI Labels pane on the left, select the Sailboat label and click Attribute.
 2. In the Attribute Name box, type sailboatType. Set the attribute type to List.
 3. In the List Items section, type different types of sailboats, such as Monohull, Catamaran, and Multi-hull, each on its own line. Optionally give the attribute a description, and click OK.
 4. Select a Sailboat ROI label. In the Attributes and Sublabels pane, select the appropriate sailboatType attribute value for that vehicle.
You can also add attributes to sublabels. Add an attribute for the sail sublabel to indicate whether it is a foresail or a mainsail.
 1. In the ROI Labels pane on the left, select the sail sublabel and click Attribute.
 2. In the Attribute Name box, type sailRaised. Set the attribute type to Logical. Leave the Default Value set to Empty, optionally write a description, and click OK.
 3. Select a sail in the scene. In the right-hand pane, set the appropriate isOn attribute value, or leave the attribute value set to Empty.
 The "Attributes and Sublabels" pane showing the sailRaised attribute with "True" selected
Create Scene Labels
A scene label defines additional information for the entire scene. Use scene labels to describe conditions, such as lighting and weather, or events, such as lane changes or point of sail.
Create a scene label to apply to an image.
 1. In the left pane of the app, select the Scene Labels next to the ROI Labels tab.
 2. Click Define new scene label, and in the Label Name box, enter a scene label named daytime.
 3. Change the color of the label definition to light blue to reflect the nature of the scene label. Under the Color parameter, click the color preview and select the standard light blue colors. Then, click OK to close the color selection window.
 4. Leave the Group parameter set to the default of None and click OK. The Scene Labels pane shows the scene label definition.
 5. Click Apply to Image to apply the daytime label to the scene. A checkmark appears for the scene label.
Label Ground Truth
You can label images manually, use a suitable built-in automation algorithm, create a new algorithm, or import an algorithm.
Label Ground Truth Manually
The ROI and Scene labels are defined for your entire session and all images, but you must draw the labels, and sublabels for each image and update the attribute information.
Label Ground Truth Using an Automation Algorithm
To speed up the labeling process, you can use an automation algorithm to label the remainder of your images. Select one of these types of automation algorithms from the app toolstrip Automate Labeling > Select Algorithm section.
 - A built-in automation algorithm — Select a suitable algorithm. Follow the steps that appear in the right pane.
 - Add algorithm — Create an automation. For details on how to define your own automatino algorithm, see Create Automation Algorithm for Labeling.
 - Import algorithm — Import a custom automation algorithm. For more details about importing an automation algorithm, see Create Automation Algorithm for Labeling.
Export Labeled Ground Truth
gTruth =
 groundTruth with properties:
 DataSource: [1×1 groundTruthDataSource]
 LabelDefinitions: [2x6 table]
 LabelData: [531×3 timetable]
Data Source
ans =
groundTruthDataSource for a video file with properties
 TimeStamps: [


text:
Oyster mushrooms: these mushrooms commonly known as dhingri in India, grow in the tropical to temperate regions and are usually seen growing on the decaying wood logs and, dying trunks of coniferous trees etc. Oyster mushrooms have a quite different shell or spatula (oyster) looking body. The cultivation of this mushroom started in the mid seventies owing to the nutritional benefits of high protein content i.e. much higher that the compared vegetables, constituents vitamin C, B and significant folic acid content helping to cure anemia. High potassium and low fats, carbohydrate and sodium content and finally an antibiotic compound pleurotin obtained from oyster mushrooms.
Button mushrooms: these mushrooms are the most widely consumed mushrooms. Although earlier the production was limited to the winter season but technology has taken its toll to continue production throughout the year now. The usual variety grown is the white button mushrooms. The cultivation of button mushrooms started in the 16th century but the commercial growth took place in the 17th century in European countries while a high technological produce started in 19th century and has been successfully going for over 4 decades now. The button mushrooms protein content is quite absorbable and 60%- 70% of protein is assimilated which is maximum for any other. The high amount of retene in the mushroom has the antagonistic effect on some form of tumors resulting in the medicinal use of the mushrooms while the other high protein content makes it a food for the common masses.
Milky Mushrooms: these mushrooms have been gaining popular in terms of its consumption. This mushroom has a similar growing pattern of the oyster mushroom i.e. to be grown in high temperature regions of Karnataka or Tamil Nadu and the growth too is similar to oyster mushrooms. Nutritionally, milky mushrooms are high on the protein content whereas very low in the fats and quite low in the starch and sodium contents. It also contains 12 essential amino acids for the replenishing of the body. They are called milky mushrooms owing to the pure white look of the mushroom looking as if it is full of milk.
Hence all the three mushrooms differ only in a slight in the constituent elements, minerals and vitamins but are quite different in the appearance of each, the growing conditions and pattern of each and even the taste and flavor that they provide.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
This is a theoretical comparison between the costs involved in operating a diesel, electric or gas/petrol counter balanced forklift truck over a period of say 5 years. The comparison gives the cost for an activity cycle per forklift truck.
What is meant with activity cycle is a task for instance to pick up a load and transport it say 25 meters, place the load in a rack (2.5 meters high) and travel back to fetch another load. The cost comparison model has been so designed to calculate the cost involved in the performance of any combinations of activities to form an activity cycle.
This is a theoretical cost model and no environmental aspects are taken into account.
|THE COST COMPARISON MODEL|
The model is divided into the following sub sections.
These are the performance of the particular make and type of forklift trucks in use e.g. max travel speed, lifting speed, etc.
No detail is given here of the further stages of the model - it covers inter-alia the following:
This is the work cycle the forklift is doing. As mentioned in the introduction, each activity cycle is a combination of individual activities. For each activity you must give information such as distance to be travelled, percentage of max speed, etc.
These are the items such as the motor sizes driving the battery operated truck, fuel consumption and tank sizes. These variables are used to determine the power needed to perform each activity cycle.
This is where the fixed cost for the equipment is calculated. The model assumes the equipment would be financed by a 5 year period loan and that the equipment has a residual value at the end of the 5 years. The loan period can be adapted. Tax aspects are ignored but can be added to the model if required.
This is all the operating costs such as: fuel, tyres, maintenance and labour.
All costs are added to obtain a cost per activity cycle as performed in a 5 year period, with other words what that particular activity costs the user during the "life" of the forklift truck in present value rand terms per forklift truck and for the required fleet size.
|SOME COMPARISON RESULTS|
The model has been used for the three different activity cycles. For all three activity cycles the same performance and cost variables have been used, only the activities have been changed.
Activity cycle one: Is for small movements and lifting. Like order picking and truck loading type of activities where the forklift truck does not need to travel over long distances, but is doing a lot of load handling.
Activity cycle two: Is more medium travelling distances and moving. The type of activity were a pallet is moved from the palletisation area to for instance a cold store and placed in a rack.
Activity cycle three: Is for moving of loads over longer distances. Typical operations would be moving loads between warehouses or cold stores where trailer transfer is possibly called for.
It should be noted that this is just an example of what the model can do. End results are very much dependent on the variables entered into the model.
The time taken to complete an activity cycle therefore is very much dependent on the performance parameters of each forklift.
|Interesting to note that the running cost for activity cycle one does not differ very much between the forklifts.|
|Both the LP Gas and Electric forklift trucks do much better in smaller activities such as in activity cycle 1.|
Because the model can accept virtually any forklift task and operation cycle, it is an ideal program to use in order to determine the relative cost of the activity cycle when using each forklift propulsion type - even, within limits, different forklift makes, or more importantly when using larger or smaller capacity forklift trucks to do the same task.
If you should have the need to do a cost exercise of your particular circumstances, you are welcome to contact our office _EMAIL_ or:
Phone number: +27 (21) _PHONE_
|Click to go back to Seminar Page||Click to go back to the Home Page|


text:
Geopotential Height - 500 mb Height Current
This is a contour plot of 500 mb height in meters with a interval of 60 meters. The 500 mb level is often referred to as the steering level as most weather systems and precipitation follow the winds at this level. The winds follow the height contours and generally run from 30 to 100 knots. The speeds can be roughly estimated from the 300 mb winds as roughly 2/3rds their magnitude. This level averages around 18,000 feet above sea level and is roughly half-way up through the weather producing part of the atmosphere called the troposphere.


text:
observing in a sentence
Example sentences for observing
Because what we're observing now is an increase in the effectiveness of accommodative monetary policy.
It may seem to the reader that a rule with so many exceptions to it is not worth observing.
We were there with some amount of irony-or mockery: observing a relic.
She took responsibility for observing the inhuman uses of power and for summoning her generation to judgment and action.
Mice observing a cage mate suffering stomachache withdrew more quickly from the heat source.
Observing what they leave on their plates at home will accomplish the same thing.
After observing the pair for some time, a third dip in the system's light was seen happening at odd intervals.
Suppose that your philosophy was developed by observing and working with an outstanding teacher at your graduate university.
But these satellites focus narrowly and aren't useful for observing wide areas of terrain.
But given that this is close in astronomical terms, astronomers will be observing it carefully.
Observing the weather first-hand using one's own equipment is always interesting.
The interior ministry last month warned foreigners that observing was one thing, political meddling another.
Studying the official website and observing program schedules can avoid the common pitfalls.
There is a difference between perpetuating stereotypes and observing how they affect the lives of real people.
But as law enforcers never tire of observing, crime doesn't honor borders.
The logic of observing elections is that offenders should be punished.
There are multiple dimensions of observations, and depending on who is observing a specific event, the outcome will be different.
It's calmer than it was, but objects are still being thrown, and there are hundreds if not thousands of students observing events.
That's the question that physicists have been struggling with since observing this phenomenon during the last decade or so.
Both you and the sailor would have equal claim to being right-the motion of the rock is relative to whoever is observing it.
The earliest navigation methods involved observing landmarks or watching the direction of the sun and stars.
The plants, soberly observing their entertainment, seem wholesomely unmanipulated.
We are in the position of anthropologists observing the rituals and liturgy of an alien culture.
It might depend on where one is doing the observing.
These include hiking, fishing, climbing and observing wildlife.
The routine provided him with an opportunity to get a head start on his relentless observing, sketching, and note-taking.
Astronomers can be skilled observers and also expert in the theory of what they are observing.
For faculty striving to improve their teaching, they would be a lot better off observing and emulating good teachers.
Observing the effects of perigee on the moon itself can be a bit trickier.
He was observing mice when he put his coffee mug down.
It's easy to see why locating and observing the gentle giants is such a challenge.
The obvious problem is for astronomers, who have to fight this added light when observing faint objects.
The scientists will be observing several athletes to see how their bodies react to performance testing.
By observing their gestures she refined the experiment.
The threat can then be monitored by observing their swarming behavior.
By not observing the distinction between illegality and malice.
But it gives you global coverage, whereas the previous observing systems were spotty.
Other duties may include observing and mentoring candidates in school settings.
The only safe solar filter for a telescope is a full aperture filter specifically designed for solar observing.
In the process of observing the behavior and progress of these apes, the visitor is stimulated to think in news ways.
It is loss also in business to be too full of respects, or to be curious in observing times and opportunities.
By observing the highest standards of craftsmanship.
He started by observing the rising number of dubious mortgages being written.
Since the early twentieth century, two concepts have transformed the way astronomers think about observing the universe.
Supernovae occur all the time throughout the universe, but capturing and observing one is extremely rare.
As the one doing the observing, you have the opportunity to gather some new ideas about effective teaching.
Spend some time outdoors together observing wildlife.
Another way to use this lesson has to do with observing meteors.
Although the trial was held in the open, with reporters observing much of it, important chunks were kept secret.
The park provides guests with opportunities for fishing, observing marsh and swamp wildlife and boating.
And now we're observing it unfold on a national stage in a profoundly symbolic setting.
Perhaps also they are uncomfortable when they recognize what he was observing.
The idea that observing disorder can have a psychological effect on people has been around for a while.
Opportunities for studying the wonders that go on in nature are everywhere, and observing nature can be fun to do together.
One tenet of quantum physics is that the simple act of observing an event will alter the outcome of the event.
It continues shoving the object around, observing how its parts move in relation to each other.
Most extrasolar planets have been revealed by observing their host star, or sun.
Locating and observing these gliders in the wild was a challenge.
The jacket artist has the pleasure of observing this life-in stores, in people's hands, in their houses.
The main concern expressed by opponents of the commission's standards is that observing them will be too expensive.
Famous quotes containing the word observing
There will, however, be no one in need among you, because the LORD is sure to bless you in the land that the LORD your G... more
Neither look at nor listen to what is improper; do not speak or act without observing propriety.... more
Excellence or virtue is a settled disposition of the mind that determines our choice of actions and emotions and consist... more


text:
1H-NMR in YBa2Cu3O7−δHx
We report on 1H NMR experiments on protonated samples of YBa2Cu3O7−δ. Our spectra show a seperation of the sample into an antiferromagnetic (afm) phase with high 1H-concentration and a metallic resp. superconducting (sc) phase with a low 1H-concentration. Cooling experiments suggest that the phase separation already takes place during the protonation process. Investigation of 1H-NMR signals in our unprotonated samples show a high proton background (about 0.25 1H's per unit cell) already present in the as-received starting materials (commercially available). Comparison of the linewidth of the afm spectra with model calculations lead us to the conclusion that the protons in the afm phase are located within 1.5 Å above or below the Cu-chain layer.
KeywordsVortex Lattice Protonation Process Finite Correlation Abrikosov Lattice Protonated Sample
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
- T.Thio et al. Phys. Rev. B 41 231, (1990)Google Scholar


The 10 Biggest Cities In Maine
Bangor, Maine.
The US state of Maine is located in the northeastern part of the country. With an area of 79,882 square km and an approximate population of 1,328,361 inhabitants, Maine ranks as the country's 12th smallest state in terms of land area and the 9th least populous. The state is subdivided into 16 counties and contains 488 incorporated municipalities, which include cities, towns, and plantations. There are 23 cities in Maine, while the largest towns are Scarborough and Brunswick, which have populations of 19,524 and 20,441 people, respectively.
The Five Biggest Cities in Maine
1. Portland
With a population of 66,194 people, Portland is the largest city in Maine. In fact, more than one-third of the state's population inhabit the Greater Portland metropolitan area. Portland is located in Cumberland County and is Maine's most important economic center. Tourism and services form the backbone of the city's economy, and its marine industry, which includes commercial shipping and fishing, is also important to the state's economy. The Port of Portland is New England's biggest tonnage seaport.
2. Lewiston
The city of Lewiston is Maine's second most populated city, with a population of about 36,592 individuals. The city is located in Androscoggin County, south of the state capital (Augusta). Lewiston is considered to be one of the safest cities in the region and its cost of living is relatively low. Lewiston is also home to the country's largest French-speaking population.
3. Bangor
4. Auburn
5. South Portland
With a population of 24,002, South Portland is the fifth most populous city in Maine. The city is located in Cumberland County, is situated in Portland Harbor, and overlooks the skyline of Portland. South Portland is a regional center of retail and industry, and is home to the Maine Mall, which is the state's largest and busiest shopping mall.
Capital of Maine
The capital of Maine is not one of the state's most populous cities. The state capital, Augusta, which is also the county seat of Kennebec County, has a population of 19,136 and ranks as the 9th biggest city in Maine. Additionally, Augusta is the country's third least populated state capital.
The 10 Biggest Cities in Maine by Population
RankCityPopulation (2010 Census)
5South Portland24,002
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Creating a Website
Creating a Website
To minimize your efforts when creating a website, Presence Builder offers you a set of predefined website topics. When you start creating a website, choose a topic that is most appropriate for you, and Presence Builder will generate a website with the content relevant to this topic. For example, it will include a price list template for a retail store or an image gallery for an artist's site. If you cannot find a suitable topic, you can contact your service provider to ask them to create the corresponding template and add it to the list of available topics.
When you start creating a website, Presence Builder also prompts you to provide information about yourself or your company. Presence Builder will automatically add this information to certain pages as appropriate, for example, to the About Us and Contact Us pages.
Note: Presence Builder will not store or use the information you provide anywhere except for your website pages. You can change or remove this information later.
To start creating a website in Presence Builder:
 1. Go to Websites & Domains and click the desired domain name.
 2. Click Create Site under Presence Builder.
 3. Select a website topic.
 4. Type the website name and select website language.
 5. Provide the information to pre-fill your website.
 6. Click Create Site.
To return to editing a website created with Presence Builder after you closed the editor, go to Websites & Domains, click the domain name, and click Edit Website.


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The Excel IRR function has the syntax shown below.
Values = A range of cash flows
Guess = Initial guess at IRR
Use of the Excel IRR Function
The Excel IRR function is used to calculate the internal rate of return of a series of cash flows. The internal rate of return is the discount rate which produces a net present value of zero.
The cash flows can be unequal but must occur at the end of each period.
The Excel IRR function uses an iterative (trial and error) process to find the internal rate of return. If the argument Guess is omitted, then the Excel IRR function assumes a value of 10%, and in most cases the function will find a solution. If a solution is not found then entering a different guess may help the function to produce an answer.
As the use of the Excel IRR function relies on finding the discount rate which produces a net present value of zero, the cash flows must contain at least one positive and one negative value.
Internal Rate of Return of an Investment Project
The Excel IRR function can be used to calculate the internal rate of return of an investment project.
Suppose for example, a business plans to invest 2,300 today (start of year 1) and will receive cash flows of 1800, 600, and 300 at the end of each of the following 3 years. As numeric values cannot be entered directly into the Excel IRR function, a spreadsheet needs to be set up as shown below.
In this example spreadsheet, the variable arguments are entered in cells B5 to B10, and the Excel IRR function is entered at cell B13 as =IRR(B5:B8,B10).
It should be noted that the original investment is negative as it represents a cash flow out.
By changing any of the variables in B5 to B10, the internal rate of return of the cash flows can be recalculated without having to enter the Excel IRR function each time. It should be noted that if a cash flow is zero it has to be entered as zero (0), it cannot be left blank otherwise the Excel IRR function will return the wrong answer.
In this example the internal rate of return of the project is given by the Excel IRR function as 11.96%.
Excel IRR Function when Cash Flows Change Sign
To produce a meaningful answer, the Excel IRR function is expecting an initial investment (negative cash flow) followed by a series of cash receipts (positive cash flows). While is will provide solutions if the cash flows change sign multiple times throughout the period of the investment, they may or may not be meaningful solutions.
Consider the following example cash flows -200, 3000, -2,900, -400. The cash flows change sign throughout the term of the project. The Excel IRR function will produce a solution at 17.20% and 1,295.03% depending on where the initial guess is set.
Both answers are mathematically correct in that they produce a net present value of zero. However, from an investment point of view, if we ignore discounting and simply add the cash flows, they total -500. Whatever the discount rate, it cannot be possible to lose money but have a positive rate of return, the answers are not meaningful and should not be used.
The Excel IRR function is one of many Excel financial functions used in time value of money calculations, discover another at the links below.


Water vapor adsorption of 2D polysaccharide films to mimic the plant cell wall
Elina Niinivaara, Marco Faustini, Tekla Tammelin, Eero Kontturi
 Research output: Contribution to conferenceConference AbstractScientificpeer-review
 Biomimetic research typically focuses on a single aspect of the bigger picture in order to reproduce specific properties of biological materials. The intricacies that lead to such properties can often be attributed to hierarchical structures; technologies based on such structures include ultra-strong composites, self-cleaning surfaces and controlled adhesion. Here, a biomimetic approach has been applied to ultrathin cellulose films in order to imitate the water uptake behavior of the plant cell wall.
 The ultrathin film systems presented here comprise of consecutively deposited layers of entirely crystalline cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and primarily amorphous regenerated cellulose (from trimethylsilyl cellulose), which represent the semi-crystalline cellulose microfibrils and the dissipative hemicellulose-lignin matrix of the plant cell wall, respectively. Combining chemically identical components with distinctly different water vapor uptake capabilities provides an excellent platform with which to investigate the critical role of the crystalline-amorphous ratio of the cell wall.
 The water vapor uptake behavior of six two layered systems with varying crystalline-amorphous ratios was investigated using QCM-D and spectroscopic ellipsometry; three of the systems had ratios similar to that of the plant cell wall and three were predominantly amorphous. In the cell wall like systems, the presence of CNCs unexpectedly promoted water vapor uptake of the system; this finding concurs with previous studies describing an excess of water vapor adsorption at the crystalline/amorphous interface in plant cell wall models. Interestingly however, in the predominantly amorphous samples the presence of CNCs was found to inhibit the swelling of the system. It was found that the crystalline-amorphous ratio had a significant impact on the properties of the systems and as such the water uptake behaviors of two types of systems were incomparable to one another. The study further underlined the complexity with which nature has evolved and optimized the composition of the plant cell wall.
 Original languageEnglish
 Publication statusPublished - Mar 2016
 MoE publication typeNot Eligible
 Event251st ACS National meeting and Exposition - San Diego, United States
 Duration: 13 Mar 201617 Mar 2016
 Conference251st ACS National meeting and Exposition
 CountryUnited States
 CitySan Diego
 Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Water vapor adsorption of 2D polysaccharide films to mimic the plant cell wall'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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The getcontext() function accesses a different Context
object for each thread. Having separate thread contexts means that threads
may make changes (such as
getcontext.prec=10) without interfering with
Likewise, the setcontext() function automatically assigns its target to the current thread.
If setcontext() has not been called before getcontext(), then getcontext() will automatically create a new context for use in the current thread.
The new context is copied from a prototype context called DefaultContext. To control the defaults so that each thread will use the same values throughout the application, directly modify the DefaultContext object. This should be done before any threads are started so that there won't be a race condition between threads calling getcontext(). For example:
# Set applicationwide defaults for all threads about to be launched DefaultContext.prec = 12 DefaultContext.rounding = ROUND_DOWN DefaultContext.traps = ExtendedContext.traps.copy() DefaultContext.traps[InvalidOperation] = 1 setcontext(DefaultContext) # Afterwards, the threads can be started t1.start() t2.start() t3.start()...
See About this document... for information on suggesting changes.


1. Home
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 4. » Make provisions for college education when you divorce
Divorce, family law and appeals representation in Joliet, Illinois
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Make provisions for college education when you divorce
No matter how old your children are when your marriage ends, you want to make sure they get the best possible start in life. In Illinois, state law actually requires parents to provide for their children as they pursue education after high school.
When negotiating your divorce and child support agreement, review the requirements about support during the college years.
What types of expenses qualify?
Illinois courts can mandate that parents cover the costs of vocational school, college, professional school or university for children ages 18 to 23. In addition to tuition and fees, the court order can include food, transportation, textbooks, health care costs, housing and other reasonable living expenses based on the average cost of living for a student in the current academic year at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
What factors does the court consider?
When deciding on a fair contribution to college education costs, Illinois judges make sure that parents can save for their own retirements. They review the financial resources of both parents and the child, the child's performance in college, and the family's standard of living before and after the divorce. The court allows parents to end monetary support if the child completes a bachelor's degree program, marries or becomes ill and cannot continue schooling. They cannot discontinue support if the child receives a jail sentence, joins the military or becomes pregnant.
Parents can make their own decisions about providing support for college when they negotiate a prenuptial or divorce agreement. The judge will review these documents and make sure they adhere to state law.


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If you are caring
for an elderly loved-one, consider keeping their
refrigerator well stocked to keep them healthy. Sounds
strange? Well a newly published research letter in the
August 12, 2000 issue of The Lancet suggests this claim
According to the
report, "Elderly people with empty refrigerators are
more likely to be readmitted to the hospital after
assessment compared with patients with adequate
refrigerator content." Researchers from Geneva
University Hospital in Switzerland conducted the study.
A total of 132 elderly patients (aged 65 and older)
recently discharged from the hospital for various
aliments were studied. All received routine medical
visits in their homes at least once a month after their
release from the hospital. During the visits, medical
researchers did a thorough assessment of their
refrigerator content; classifying it as adequate,
inadequate or empty.
of adequate meant the seniors contained the appropriate
amounts of different food products to maintain proper
nutrition. An inadequate measure was based on
refrigerators containing rotten foods or outdated foods.
An empty classification proposed there were less than
three different food products in the fridge.
collected included variables such as body mass index,
biological markers and nutrition. In addition, social
data was collected and proved to be a valuable measure.
According to a report on Aging-Related Statistics
published in 2000 by the Federal Interagency Forum,
seniors who are socially active are more likely to have
better physical and mental health.
evaluated for at least three months, and the numbers and
exact dates of hospital admission were calculated within
the figure. The study recorded that of the 132
refrigerators assessed, 119 or 90% were classified as
having adequate or inadequate food content and 13 or 10%
were considered empty. The patients with an empty
refrigerator, compared to patients with a full
refrigerator, did not differ in age, gender, body mass
index, or socially.
According to the
findings, four or 31% of the patients with empty
refrigerators were admitted back into the hospital four
weeks following the conclusion of the assessments. Only
10 or 8% of those patients with a full fridge had to be
readmitted into the hospital.
concludes that the adjusted risk of being admitted was
increased threefold with an empty refrigerator.
suggests that future studies need to be completed in
other settings to help determine the impact on one's
health from an empty refrigerator. However, caregivers
may want to take notice of food content in their
loved-one's home. The report does not give direction as
to which food products should be kept stocked up, just
that the food product should not be spoiled or outdated.
The Food and Drug Administration's food pyramid is
normally recommended for an adequate source of nutrition
for most people, except those on special diets.
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Janet DukePrimary School
'Together We Learn, Together We Achieve, As One'
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History of the School
The Upper School building was originally opened in 1933 as the "Markhams Chase Primary School". At this time Laindon was a scattered rural community. Children came to the school from a large surrounding area.
It continued to serve the community until the building of the "Basildon New Town" caused a change to the intake area of the school. As the New Town reached Markhams Chase, hundreds of new families moved into the area and we became one of the largest schools in the town
The original Headteacher, Janet Duke, retired in 1964; this was when the current lower school building was opened as the Infant School. The schools were renamed Janet Duke Infant and Janet Duke Junior in recognition of the lifetime work and contribution that Miss Janet Duke had made to the school and community.
The Upper School building is traditional, being built of red brick with modern classrooms and the original hall. The lower school building is a more modern structure with large classrooms complete with cloakroom facilities. The school has a light, spacious hall that is used for assembly times, physical education lessons and as a dining hall.
The kitchen is an integral part of the school building. Meals are cooked here for the whole school.
There is a link corridor that was opened in April 2012 that joins the lower and upper school buildings allowing for free flow movement of pupils and staff across the school. This corridor is named 'Willets Walk Way' in recognition of Chris Willets, the school's site manager, on his retirement after 19 years service to the school.


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Jewish Federations of North America Overview
The Jewish Federations of North American (JFNA) brings together 148 Federations and 300 Network Communities to maximize their impact as the central address of North America Jewry. Collectively among the top 10 charities in the world, it secures and manages $16 billion in endowment assets. Each year JFNA raises over $900 million through the Annual Campaign and emergency campaigns, and distribute over $2 billion from foundations and endowments. JFNA provides services that build the capacity of local Jewish communities and help Federations learn from one another, build affinity groups, and provide training, collateral materials and seed funding for innovation.
Union for Reform Judaism Overview
The Union for Reform Judaism provides vision and leadership to Reform Jews and congregations on spiritual, ethical, social justice, and management issues. It provides programmatic support to Reform Jewish congregations and offers opportunities for individual growth and identity that few congregations could provide by themselves. This includes camps and Israel programs for youth, study kallot and North American and regional biennials.


Focused on rotor lateral modes, the paper discusses specifics of damping evaluation in rotating machines. Rotors force the fluid trapped in small rotor-to-stator radial clearances to rotate in circumferential fashion. The fluid in circumferential motion generates a tangential force acting in feedback on the rotor. This force direction is opposite to that of damping force. The "effective damping" is, therefore, reduced or even nullified by the fluid interaction effects. The classical measures of damping in mechanical structures, such as Logarithmic Decrement and Amplification Factor, which are used to evaluate machine susceptibility to instability based on documented vibration data, have to be adjusted to include the fluid interaction effects. These measures now represent the measures of Quadrature Dynamic Stiffness (QDS). It is shown that they contain the expression defined as Stability Margin (or Nondimensional Stability Margin), derived from the stability condition of the rotor system. A simple model of isotropic rotor lateral vibrations is used to obtain the QDS measures.
This content is only available via PDF.


text:
I've inherited a database that wasn't designed exactly optimally, and I need to manipulate some data. Let me give a more common analogy of the kind of thing I have to do:
Let's say we have a
Student table, a
StudentClass table keeping record of all the classes he attended, and a
StudentTeacher table that stores all the teachers who taught this student. Yes, I know it's a dumb design and it would make more sense to store the teacher on the Class table - but that's what we're working with.
I now want to clean up the data, and I want to find all the places where a student has a teacher but no classes, or a class but no teachers. SQL thus:
select * from StudentClass sc full outer join StudentTeacher st on st.StudentID = sc.StudentID where st.id is null or sc.id is null
How do you do that in Linq?


text:
Tutorial 1: Scalars
> Flow Scalar
A scalar is any dimension measured with respect to time. The three main types that we will discuss are Flow, Volume and Pressure.
Flow is defined as the volume of gas passing a certain point in a given amount of time. It is usually measured in Litres/minute. The video on the right simultaneously displays the tracing of the flow scalar and the movement experienced by the lungs. Notice that flow is positive during inspiration and negative during expiration. This is because the direction of air flow reverses.


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Unintentional drowning in northern Iran: a population-based study.
ABSTRACT The Iranian Ministry of Health documented that about 1500 people died from drowning annually in Iran between years 2000 and 2001. This study is a descriptive, retrospective, population-based analysis of 342 unintentional drowning deaths occurring to residents and tourists in Guilan and Mazandran Provinces in Iran over a 1-year period (2005-2006), using multiple data sources. The findings from this study demonstrate that the drowning rate for residents of the study population, 4.24 per 100,000, is much higher than drowning rates for populations in developed economies in Europe. Risk factors for drowning in the study populations include male gender, young age, and swimming in unsupervised areas. Drownings occurred most frequently in rivers, followed by canals and lakes. While much more remains to be done to investigate the problems associated with drowning deaths and injuries in Iran, the information obtained from this study can help point the way to targeted interventions.
- SourceAvailable from: Ali Davoudi kiakalayeh[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Drowning is a serious but neglected health problem in low-and middle-income countries. To describe the effectiveness of drowning prevention program on the reduction of drowning mortality rates in rural settings at the north of Iran, and guide its replication elsewhere. This interventional design included preand post-intervention observations in the rural area of the Caspian Sea coastline without a comparison community. Cross-sectional data were collected at preand post-intervention phases. Outcome evaluation was based on a four-year period (March 2005-March 2009) utilizing drowning registry data for the north of Iran. The implementation program increased the rate of membership in an organization responsible for promoting safety in high risk areas near the Caspian Sea. Compared to a WHO standardized population, drowning incidence in rural areas of the study demonstrated a continuous decrease in age-specific drowning rate among the oldest victims with a gradual decline during the implementation. In the study area, the epidemiological aspects of the study population were exposed and contributing factors were highlighted. This study showed that the promotion of passive interventions had a greater effect on drowning rate than that of active interventions.Archives of trauma research. 01/2012; 1(3):112-7.
- [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A household survey was conducted to determine the epidemiological characteristics of injuries among people living in Tehran, the mega capital of Iran. Using cluster random sampling in April 2007, survey was conducted seeking information about injuries occurred within families in past Persian year. All injury patterns and causes were classified according to ICD-10 and analysed using SPSS version 16. Out of 9173 household participants, 765 ones (8.3%) had injuries during the past Persian year, frequently open wounds and burns with a male to female ratio of 0.54 : 1. They occurred mostly due to 'exposure to the inanimate mechanical forces', followed by 'contact with heat or hot substances' and 'falls'. The common locations were home, and then streets. Approximately 15% of injuries required medical attention and the incidence rate was 175.5 per 10,000 person-year with male to female ratio of 2.37 : 1. They were frequently fractures and open wounds and mostly associated with falls and transport accidents that had been transpired on streets or at workplace. This study evidences the high rate of injuries in Tehran city and prevention priorities should be given to traffic and home injuries.International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion 04/2014; · 0.67 Impact Factor
- [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Background: To evaluate the present status of blood utilization and develop practice guidelines in teaching hospitals in Northern Iran. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the amount of blood prepared and used preoperatively for 11 elective procedures, from March 2010 to March 2011 in teaching hospitals in Northern Iran. Study variables included the crossmatch transfusion ratio, the transfusion index and transfusion probability. The crossmatch transfusion ratio and the transfusion index were also calculated for each type of elective surgery performed during the study period. Results: During the study period, 5981 units of blood were crossmatched for 1970 cases. Out of these1835 units of blood were transfused which means only 31% of blood was utilized while 69% was not needed. The overall crossmatch transfusion ratio for 11 procedures was 31.1 and many procedures were found to have a high transfusion ratio and a low transfusion index. Conclusion: The introduction of maximum surgical blood-order schedule will lead to a reduction of blood outdating and crossmatch workload. Although routine cross match seems necessary for two elective surgical procedures (coronary artery bypass graft and hysterectomy); in vast majority of elective surgical procedures type and antibody screening is recommended. Keywords: Blood, transfusion, crossmatch, ratio, probability, index.IJBC. 10/2013; 6(1):27.


A. No. When the Failover Clustering feature is enabled, a MAC from the machine is used for the fault tolerant (NetFT) network. If you used Sysprep to create an image of a machine after the Failover Cluster feature is enabled, all nodes created from this image would have the same MAC for the NetFT virtual adapter. This would break communications, and cluster validation would fail when this duplicate MAC for NetFT was detected—clustering won't work.
The solution is to use Sysprep before you enable the Failover Cluster feature, and enable the Failover Cluster feature after cloning through an unattended script.
As a best practice, you should have a minimal number of OS images and then customize them using unattended scripts and processes such as System Center Configuration Manager's task sequences. This is another reason you should have a Windows Server image and then automate the node joining a cluster through scripting, rather than having a specific "cluster node" image.
Related Reading:


text:
When you enter a URL in the Chrome Omnibar, that URL will be saved in the browser history and will show up when you type a similar query next time. This means that, if you have entered a wrong URL, that URL will be persistent and will always show up when you type a similar query. This can be rather annoying, and deleting the browser history doesn't clear it from the omnibar.
Here is a quick way to delete a URL from the Chrome omnibar.
Type the query in the omnibar and wait for the suggestion to show up. Use the down arrow key to select the wrong URL and press "Shift + Del" (In Mac, use "Fn + Shift + Del"). This will immediately remove the item from the omnibar.
1. This trick only applies to URL. You won't be able to remove search term with the "Shift + Del" key.
2. This trick applies to Firefox as well, except that you just need to press "Delete" instead of "Shift + Delete".


text:
The definition of autonomous is a person or entity that is self-controlling and not governed by outside forces.(adjective)
An example of autonomous is agovernment that can run itself without aid from an outside country.
See autonomous in Webster's New World College Dictionary
Origin: Gr autonomos, independent < autos, self + nomos, law: see -nomy
See autonomous in American Heritage Dictionary 4
Origin: From Greek autonomos
Origin: : auto-, autoOrigin: + nomos, law; see nemin Indo-European roots.
Learn more about autonomous


Tag: Petrol
British Scientists Invent Hydrogen Based and Cheaper Artificial Gasoline
British scientists are refining the recipe for a hydrogen-based fuel that will run in existing cars and engines which could cost just around $1.50 a gallon and is more energy effiicient than the nowadays petrol. The hydrogen-based fuel instead of carbon-based (as it is heavily used in nowadays petrol) doesn't emit any harmful greenhouse gases […]


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circuit riderArticle Free Pass
circuit rider, Methodist ministerial role that was originated in England by John Wesley. The first of the American circuit riders was Robert Strawbridge, who arrived in the colonies in 1764. A few years later Wesley sent missionaries to the American colonies, but most of them departed when revolution threatened. One who remained was Francis Asbury, who, as Wesley's general assistant, was responsible for organizing the circuits.
Each circuit of congregations—sometimes comprising as many as 25 or 30 meeting places—was under the supervision of a Methodist conference preacher who might have several lay assistants. Any young man who could preach and was willing to ride a horse for weeks over wild country might become an assistant and finally a circuit rider. Circuit riders numbered about 100 by the end of the American Revolution. The salary was $64 a year until 1800, when it was raised to $100, with the horse furnished. There were few actual meetinghouses; church services usually were held in cabins, in barrooms, or outdoors.
Circuit riders were a religious and moral force along the frontier and in rural areas of the South, and they were largely responsible for the propagation of Methodism throughout the United States. The practice was soon adopted by other denominations, too.
What made you want to look up "circuit rider"? Please share what surprised you most...


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A team of 13 LSU researchers and students, led by faculty at the LSU Center for Computation & Technology, or CCT, conducted a presentation and demonstration that won first prize at the SCALE 2009 challenge at CCGrid09, a premier conference for cluster and Grid computing. The SCALE 2009 competition, which took place in Shanghai, China, involved researchers demonstrating real-world problem solving using scalable computing, in which scientists use computer systems that can easily adapt, or scale up, to provide greater performance and computing power and give them greater capability to solve complex problems. The CCT-led demonstration showcased a scalable, interactive system to simulate and visualize black holes to study the physics of gravitational waves. This complex process involves many challenges that scientists are only now able to address with modern cyberinfrastructure, including scalable computing systems.
Click here for the video


Alberta Mountain forests
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Albert Mountains forest
View of Lake Moraine.jpg
Spruce forest around Moraine Lake in Banff National Park
Alberta Mountain forests map.svg
Biome Temperate coniferous forests
Bird species 179[1]
Mammal species 57[1]
Area 39,800 km2 (15,400 sq mi)
Country Canada
Habitat loss 56.25%[1]
Protected 63.85%[1]
The Alberta Mountain forests are a temperate coniferous forests ecoregion of Canada.
This ecoregion covers the grand Rocky Mountains of Alberta including the eastern outliers of the Continental Ranges. Located almost entirely in Alberta and taking in the Alberta-British Columbia border from Banff north to Jasper, Alberta and Kakwa Wildlands Park. This is an area of glaciers and high mountains covered with a forest of tall trees. The highest points are the mountains around the Columbia Icefield the largest ice field in the Rockies.
The mountain valleys have a mild climate with warm, dry summers and snowy winters but the high mountain sides have a harsher climate. Average summer temperatures are 12 °C going down to -7 °C in winter.[2]
Trees include Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta), Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), White spruce (Picea glauca) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa).
These mountains are home to good numbers of large mammals. All five species of North American deer inhabit this ecoregion including Caribou (Woodland Caribou subspecies) (Rangifer tarandus caribou), Elk (Cervus elaphus), Moose (Alces alces), Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and White-tailed deer (Northern Rocky Mountains/Tawny White-tail) (Odocoileus virginianus ochrourus). Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), and Mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus) can also be found here. Predators in the mountains and forests include Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), Grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis), American black bear (Ursus americanus cinnamomum), Cougar (Puma concolor), and Gray wolf (Canis lupus). Smaller wildlife such as Snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus), and American Pygmy Shrew (Sorex hoyi) can be found here as well and the Banff Springs snail (Physella johnsoni) which is endemic to Banff National Park. Birds include Townsend's warbler (Setophaga townsendi), veery (Catharus fuscescens), and bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus).
Threats and preservation[edit]
80% of these forests are intact although some is being removed for urban development and tourism in the valley areas. Large areas of natural habitat remain in Banff National Park, Jasper National Park, Kakwa Wildlands, Willmore Wilderness Park, Bugaboo Provincial Park and Ghost River Wilderness Area.
This ecozone corresponds to the human region called Alberta's Rockies.
 2. ^ "Alberta Mountain forests". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.


text:
An ASCII text version of this page is available here
The VMUX series of video switchers are designed for video installations in art museums and for routing video signals in small studios. They are matrix switchers with 8 inputs and either 8, 16, 24, or 32 outputs. They are controlled by an external computer, typically an IBM style PC though at least one customer has controlled them using a Mac (we do not provide Mac support ourselves). They are controlled by a stream of characters sent out of the computer's parallel port.
The inputs on the VMUX switchers are "loop-thru" style pairs of BNC connectors. This allows a signal to be connected to the switcher input and then looped to another device. If an input is not looped through to another device, it must be terminated by placing a 75 ohm teminator on the second BNC connector. The inputs accept any standard 1 volt peak to peak video signal in any of the world video standards (NTSC, PAL, SECAM, or industrial video).
Input number one of the VMUX switcher has a dual purpose. Besides being an input to the switching matrix like all other inputs on the VMUX, the sync signal of this input is used to define the vertical interval for vertical interval switching. You must have a video signal connected to input one even if you do not have signals that are synchronized to the vertical interval. Besides this special function, input number one is the same as all other inputs and the quality of this input is not affected by the vertical sensing circuitry in any way.
There are three jumpers inside the VMUX switcher for each of the inputs. These jumpers can be set differently for each input and each set of jumpers only affects that specific input. To set these jumpers you must remove the top cover panel of the VMUX switcher. For safety it is recommended that you disconnect the power cable from the switcher before removing the cover. This will prevent damage to the switcher if anything falls inside and any hazards to the person changing the jumpers from accidentally touching the power supply. It also reduces the chance of damage from static electricity damaging the switcher.
The three jumpers per input are:
- Input isolation
- Input coupling
- Settling time
The input isolation jumper is used to select if the input's ground signal is directly connected to the switcher ground or if the input has differentially received, isolated ground for noise reduction. There is a label at the top of the circuit board showing the position of the jumper for each setting. This jumper has three posible positions.
- None - There is no isolation. The input's ground is directly connected to the switcher's ground.
- Semi - There is a 200 ohm resistor connected between the input's ground and the switcher's ground. This is the default setting. It gives some isolation from ground loops and allows the input's ground to be used by the differential input receiver to remove noise that was picked up by the BNC cable. This is ideal for field setups where there might be long runs of cables to the switcher.
- Full - The input's ground is isolated from the switcher's ground by the 3000 ohm input impedance of the differential receiver. For all intents and purposes this is fully isolated from ground. The input's differential receiver will not only reject noise on the input ground but will also remove hum of up to about 5 volts peak to peak. This setting can be used for studios where there is a lot of crosstalk between cables lying in piles on the floor. It is not recommended for situations where the ground might have huge AC differences on them, like in field operations.
The input coupling jumper is used to select between directly coupled and either AC coupled or DC-restored coupling. The direct coupling setting can be used if your video signal is connected to a device with a known DC stable source since this will minimize any distortion to the signal from the DC restoration circuitry. This setting should only be used if you are an engineer and have confirmed that the video source has a stable DC level. The default setting is the AC/DC-Restored position. This position is used for both AC coupling and DC restoration.
The third input jumper is the Settling Time, or speed of coupling. This jumper has no effect if you have chosen direct coupling. It only has an effect if you have selected AC/DC-Restoration on the Input Coupling jumper. This jumper has three positions, Fast, Medium, and Slow. If you set this jumper to Slow, then the input is AC coupled. The DC restoration circuitry will still slowly adjust the DC level of the input so that over time a constant image will maintain a predefined sync tip voltage, but any rapid changes in the video will bounce the DC level around as if it were AC coupled. If the jumper is set to Medium then the input will be DC restored. This is the default setting and is best for normal switching. In this setting the DC restoration circuitry samples the sync tips over an average of several lines of video and stabilizes the sync tips to a defined DC level. If the video signal has single lines of video where the sync level fluctuates, this setting will ignore them and pass them through as is. The third setting is the Fast setting. This will sample the level of each line's sync tip and use it to adjust the DC level of the video signal. This clamps the video tightly to a DC level but can cause problems in the image if the sync level changes from line to line since the video black level will then change from line to line. This is only recommended for signals that have very stable sync level information. This setting can also cause a slight shade change from the left edge of the screen to the right edge of the screen. This slight darkening from left to right is only about 1 or 2 percent but can be noticable in critical applications.
Each input has one trimpot control that can be adjusted to set the DC level or "offset" of the input. This is used to match each of the inputs so that video black is at the same DC level for each. If this is set wrong then the sync and black levels of the output will jump each time the switcher is switched between different inputs.This should only be adjusted using an oscilloscope. Connect the oscilloscope to one of the outputs and switch between each input, then adjust each of the Offset trimpots so that the video black level is at zero volts on the output. If the sync levels of the inputs vary widely then you may want to adjust the Offset so that each of the sync tips are at the same level. That will prevent monitors from rolling when the switcher changes patches. If you don't have an oscilloscope, but notice that the monitor is rolling when you switch to a given input, you can carefully change the Offset control for that input until the monitor doesn't roll during switching. You do not have to move the Offset control very much, so do this with care.
The outputs of the VMUX switcher pass through the video directly from each input, they do not do any sync processing on them. The outputs of the VMUX switcher are designed to drive 75 ohm terminated inputs with one volt peak to peak video. The devices that each output is connected to must be terminated by 75 ohms or there may be oscillations on the outputs. Most video devices have either a single terminated input, or a dual connector "loop-thru" input. The loop-thru inputs may have a terminator switch. If so, and that device is the last input on a chain of devices, then it should be set to "75 ohms". If it does not have a switch then it should have a 75 ohm terminator placed on the second input. If you loop the output through several devices you need to make sure that only the last one is terminated. Any loop-thru inputs that have a terminator switch, and that are not the last device in the chain, should have that switch set to "Hi-Z". Only the last one shoud be set to "75".
The computer input on the VMUX switcher is normally connected to the parallel port of a computer using a special cable. These inputs are optically isolated from the rest of the video circuits of the switcher. This means that the noisy ground of a typical computer will not affect the video signals. This also means that there could be a dangerous voltage potential between the computer and the video circuitry. Because of this it is recommended that the computer's power cable be connected to the same power grounding system as the video devices in the system. This does not have to be the same power strip or even the same power line as the video circuitry, as long as they share a common ground within the building that they are installed in.
Which software you use will depend on your application. Simple patching and routing software for IBM style computers is included with each VMUX switcher. Advanced software for specific applications is also available, or you can write your own (see the page on writing software for the VMUX).
The VMUX switchers can run off of either 110 or 220 volts. The power inlet is an IEC international power inlet and uses the same type of power cable as most computers. A power cable can be purchased in almost any country in the world at a local computer or electronics store. Before power is connected you must make sure that the voltage selector switch on the back of the VMUX is set to the correct voltage. Insert a small screwdriver into the voltage selector switch and rotate it to either "110" or "220". If you feed 220 volts in while this is set to 110, you will blow the fuse


SAP XI certification questions, sample sap xi certification papers
SAP PI Interview Questions and SAP PI Tutorials
SAP PI Interview Questions and SAP PI Tutorials
Thanks to all contributors for these questions. If you have more questions to share, mail us at thomasv(at)
1. Which of the following design objects are part of Integration process scenario
a). Integration directory
b). Integration repository
c). Integration builder
d). Partner connectivity kit
e). Adapter engine
2. Which of the following are the components of Exchange Infrastructure (XI).
a). Integration Builder
b). Adapter Framework
c). Partner Connectivity Kit
d). Integration Repository
3. How to differentiate different components in SLD.
a). By Versions
b). By Namespace
c). By Using Software Catalog
4. You import objects from SLD to Integration Repository are:
a). Product versions
b). Software component versions
c). Business systems
d). Technical systems
e). All the above
f). None of the above
5. Java Web start is used
a). To start integration builder
b). To start the integration server
c). The load the JDK on client m/c
d). None of the above
6. When defining business system in SLD we define a logical system and the purpose of it is
a). To map with SAP ALE logical system name
b). for the integration repository to understand the sender system
c). It is mostly used in File to Idoc scenario.
7. When a custom idoc is used in SAP what pre-requisites are required in XI to process to Metadata need to be imported
a). The Idoc should be software component version compatibility
b). The user id used should have authorization to import
c). The SAP R/3 system parameters should be provide
d). All the above
e). Non of the above
8. SAP XI supports what kind of Proxies:
a). ABAP proxy
b). Java proxy
c). Neither ABAP nor java
d). Both Java and ABAP
9. Integration builder server will have the following services running?
a). User Management
b). Change List
c). Version Management
10. CPA cache gets refreshed when
a). Integration Server is restarted
b). When an object is activated
c). When an interface is maintained in the repository
11. What transaction code is used to refresh the CPA CACHE?
d). CACHE can not be refreshed
12. What can be done from SXI_CACHE transaction code?
a). CPA cache can be refreshed
b). CPA cache can be restarted
c). None of the above
13. When a message fails in XI while end-to-end monitoring the messages can be displayed using
a). Run Time Workbench
b). Integration server
c). Adapter engine
d). None of the above.
14. What are different views exist in End-to-End Monitoring:
a) Process overview
b) Instance overview
c) Status overview
15. For a File Scenario what need to be configured in sender file adapter?
a). Sender communication channel
b). File Protocol
c). Sender agreement
16. For an Idoc Scenario what need to be configured in sender business system in integration directory?
a). Sender communication channel
b). Sender agreement
c). All the above
d). None of the above
17. For an Idoc scenario what steps to be performed in the repository
a). Download metadata from sap
b). Define port in sender system
c). Define communication channel
18. When a soap client makes a call to a soap sender adapter what need to be configured
a). Communication channel
b). Sender agreement
c). Sender service
d). All the above
d). None of the above
19. When using RFC adapter to make calls to external systems in XI what is configuration required
a). RFC destination to be maintained in external system
b). Program Id to be maintained
c). No configuration is required
20. What is the advantage of having decentralized adapter engine as compared to centralized
a). Easy for maintenance
b). To log messages separately
c). It is advantageous if different protocols are used
21. What kind of adapters are supported in ABAP environment by XI
a). HTTP adapter
b). File
c). SOAP
d). IDOC
e). RFC
22. How to handle correct instance of process when multiple process instances are being executed
a). Using correlation
b). Using containers
c). Using control step
23. Significance of Process Flow Control relevant "Container operation "
a). To append messages
SAP PI Interview Questions and SAP PI Tutorials
SAP PI Interview Questions and SAP PI Tutorials
b) To assign the values
c). None of the above.
24. Exception flow what step need to be included to exit the integration process
a). Control step
b). Wait
c). While Loop
25. Significance of wait step in business process
a). To delay the process
b). To exit the process
c). Keep waiting till another message arrives to BPM engine
26. To receive multiple messages in a container what category types you would use
a). Receive
b). List details
c). Multi loop
d). Abstract interface with multi line check box checked.
27. Significance of BLOCK and when adding 2 blocks in a control flow the 2 blocks can
a). Overlap each other
b). Inner block is surrounded by the outer block
c). Inner block elements are with in process operation
28. What is meant by xi pipeline in integration server?
a). Routing -> mapping -> Channel determination
b). To queue the messages
c). To send the messages thru pipe
29. What transaction code is used to monitor all messages for a business process?
30. When java mappings to be used what java class is used
c). com.aii.api
31. What mapping types are supported in xi
a). abap,
b). java,
c). xslt,
d). message,
e). c#
32. For XI to support mappings in ABAP what is required
a). apply an oss note
b). this feature is not currently supported
c). an entry to be maintained in Exchange Profile
33. One source element mapped to one destination element — the target appears 3 times.
What could be the cause?
a). min occurs for source set to 3,
b). max occurs to target set to 3,
c). None of the above
d). All the above.
34. When the source has first name, middle name, last name to be concatenated to one
Destination, what function to be used
a). there is no standard function and a custom function to be written
b). there is a standard function.. Split by value can be used
c). Function 'copy by value' can be used
d). Contact function to be used
35. When a Boolean is used in the mapping it returns
a). true ( case sensitive ) returns as true-value
b). TRUE (case sensitive) returns as true-value
c). true or 1(case non sensitive) return as true-value
d). 1 returns as true-value
36. Using simple functions to log and display the message in xi monitoring log what
Need to be done
a). simple functions can't be logged
b). store to a global and retrieve
c). all the above
d). none of the above.
37. Context can have
a). multiple queues
b). no queue
c). internal processing of mapping done via queues
38. When a source node has 2 elements and one element has 2 values and other element
Have 4 values and when these 2 elements are concatenated and mapped to one target
Element how many values will be there in the target elements?
a).2, b).3, c).4, >2, d).<2 39. Advantages of using message mappings in xi over other mappings a). it is easy and have a graphical editor b). xslt is too complex c). Message mappings generate Java code. 40. Is it possible to reuse the user defined simple functions in another mappings? a). True b). False 41. When defining context based mappings where the conditions are defined a). using x path b). using the context objects c). All the above d). None of the above. 42.. when multiple message interfaces are used by a business process where the Interfaces are defined? a).everything to be built in the repository b). all of them need to be maintained in the integration directory c). all need to be defined in the SLD 43. If multiple messages need to be collected by receiver, then attributes of container element should be a). receiver, multiline b). abstract interface, multiline c). None of the above 44. When JDBC adapter is used for SQL query. What is the configuration of the adapter a) sender adapter comm. Synchronously with DB b) receiver adapter comm. Synchronously with DB c) sender adapter comm. Asych with DB d) receiver adapter comm. Asynch with DB 45. Receiver step in BPM a). first step in loop, block, fork b). mandatory after send step c). none of the above 46. SXMB_ADM transaction code is for a). Admin and Configuration b). Monitoring and configuration c). None of the above 47. Purpose of the "EXISTS" function in message mappings a). Check the existence of the element tag in XML b). Check the value exists or not in incoming file c). Not used in Message mappings d). None of the above 48. PCK is


Enhancements to back-sql
Here at Carnegie Mellon we're running the back-sql backend on our production master OpenLDAP server and we've reached a very stable environment. I have made about 10 enhancements to the backend and I would like to begin sending them back up to the repository. I have them in my source tree added to 2.2.18.
Two questions:
Is 2.2.18 a good tree to have them in, or is there a better tree, e.g. HEAD or the theoretical 2.3?
How would you like to see the changes? A series of unified diff's, each building on the previous? A tar of the whole back-sql?
Here's a summary of the enhancements, sorted somewhat in order of their code impact:
* Added an option to set the SQL query for the "id_query" operation.
* Added the backend API functions for the entry_get and entry_release
entry points. The functions are needed for performing ACLs which employ "dnattr", "group", and other clauses.
* Added an option to the SQL backend called "use_subtree_shortcut".
When a search is performed, the SQL query includes a WHERE clause
which says the DN must be "LIKE %". The LIKE operation
can be slow in an RDBM. This shortcut option says that if the
searchbase of the LDAP search is the root DN of the SQL backend,
and thus all objects will match the LIKE operator, do not include
the "LIKE %" clause in the SQL query (it is replaced
instead by the always true "1=1" clause to keep the "AND"'s working correctly). This option is off by default, and should be
turned on only if all objects to be found in the RDBM are under the
same root DN. Multiple backends working within the same RDBM table
space would encounter problems. LDAP searches whose searchbase are
not at the root DN will bypass this shortcut and employ the LIKE clause.
* Oracle has reserved the keyword "uid", and so tables cannot be
created with a column with that name. This is unfortunately a common
word for an LDAP server that stores information about computer accounts.
In order to have an LDAP attribute named "uid", a special exception was added for fetching a column named "uid". The SQL column can be
called anything, e.g. "username", but when the SQL query to fetch an attribute named "uid" is made, the "AS" clause changes the column name to
"uidtmp" instead of "uid". When ODBC is reading back results for the
"uid" attribute, it will seek the result column "uidtmp". This option is
shielded by a _TAG_ macro.
* Improved sr_text messages to tell what went wrong in backend,
instead of just "SQL-backend error".
* Added a "create_hint" column to ldap_oc_mappings table. Allows
taking the value of an attr named in "create_hint" and passing it to
the create_proc procedure. This is necessary for when an objectClass's
table is partition indexed by some indexing column and thus the value
in that indexing column cannot change after the row is created. The
value for the indexed column is passed into the create_proc, which
uses it to fill in the indexed column as the new row is created.
* When loading the values of an attribute, the count(*) of the number
of values is fetched first and memory is allocated for the array of
values and normalized values. The old system of loading the values one
by one and running realloc() on the array of values and normalized
values each time was badly fragmenting memory. The array of values and
normalized values would be side by side in memory, and realloc()'ing
them over and over would force them to leapfrog each other through all
of available memory. Attrs with a large number of values could not be
loaded without crashing the slapd daemon.
* Added code to interpret the value returned by stored procedures
which have expect_return set. Returned value is interpreted as an LDAP
return code. This allows the distinction between the SQL failing to
execute and the SQL running to completion and returning an error code
which can indicate a policy violation.
* Added RDBM connection pooling. Once an operation is finished the
connection to the RDBM is returned to a pool rather than closing.
Allows the next operation to skip the initialization and authentication
phases of contacting the RDBM. Also, if licensing with ODBC places
a limit on the number of connections, an LDAP thread can block waiting
for another thread to finish, so that no LDAP errors are returned
for having more LDAP connections than allowed RDBM connections. An
RDBM connection which receives an SQL error is marked as "tainted"
so that it will be closed rather than returned to the pool.
 Also, RDBM connections must be bound to a given LDAP connection AND
operation number, and NOT just the connection number. Asynchronous
LDAP clients can have multiple simultaneous LDAP operations which
should not share the same RDBM connection. A given LDAP operation can
even make multiple SQL operations (e.g. a BIND operation which
requires SASL to perform an LDAP search to convert the SASL ID to an
LDAP DN), so each RDBM connection now has a refcount that must reach
zero before the connection is returned to the free pool.
* Added ability to change the objectClass of an object. Required considerable work to copy all attributes out of old object and into
new object. Does a schema check before proceeding. Creates a new
object, fills it in, deletes the old object, then changes the oc_map_id and keyval of the entry in the "ldap_entries" table.
 -Mark Adamson
 Carnegie Mellon


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How to import notes from Evernote into Aml Pages
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 2. Select multiple notes for export.
 3. Right click under selection.
 4. Choose menu command "Export Notes".
 5. Choose option "Export as multiple notes" in dialog.
 6. Choose folder for export and press OK.
 7. Done!
 Stage #2: import notes into Aml Pages
 1. Start the Aml Pages.
 2. Choose menu command "Files\Import\Directory".
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Done. Import notes from Evernote complete.
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I know persistent lava lakes are rare, but do they occur in all volcanoes originally, and just not persist over time?
No, they do not.
Lava lakes require the lava to have low viscosity (that is, be very fluid or water like). If you look at the Wikipedia article for Lava lake, you will see that "basalt" or "phonolite" are mentioned. Those are indeed types of lavas (actually rock) that are very fluid. These are the kind of lava that end up forming lava flows.
On the other hand, there are other types of lavas that do not flow, because their viscosity is too high: rhyolite is one example. Explosive volcanoes (think Mt St Helens) are explosive (mostly) because of the high viscosity of the lava. Therefore, volcanoes erupting explosively (almost) never have lava lakes, because the lava itself is not fluid enough to make a lake.
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ I think you meant "high viscosity of the lava"? $\endgroup$ – jamesqf Mar 31 '16 at 17:34
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ of course. I should stop doing that. $\endgroup$ – Gimelist Mar 31 '16 at 21:25
A great many volcanoes have really deep magma chambers. At the surface they eject ash clouds or pyroclastics. There are also agglomerate type volcanoes, the deepest of which are kimberlite pipes. So no, don't expect to see lava lakes in many volcanoes.
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