Debugging Memory Issues with Open vSwitch DPDK
Debugging Memory Issues with Open vSwitch DPDK
This article is about debugging out-of-memory issues with Open vSwitch with the Data Plane Development Kit (OvS-DPDK). It explains the situations in which you can run out of memory when using OvS-DPDK and it shows the log entries that are produced in those circumstances. It also shows some other log entries and commands for further debugging.
When you finish reading this article, you will be able to identify that you have an out-of-memory issue and you'll know how to fix it. Spoiler: Usually having some more memory on the relevant NUMA node works. It is based on OvS 2.9.
As is normal with DPDK-type applications, it is expected that hugepage memory has been set up and mounted. For further information see set up huge pages.
The next step is to specify the amount of memory pre-allocated for OvS-DPDK. This is done using the Open vSwitch Database (OVSDB). In the case below, 4GB of huge-page memory is pre-allocated on NUMA node 0 and NUMA node 1.
# ovs-vsctl --no-wait set Open_vSwitch. other_config:dpdk-socket-mem=4096,4096
The default is 1GB for NUMA 0 if dpdk-socket-mem is not specified.
Now, let's look at the times when we can run out of memory.
You can run out of memory when DPDK is initialized, which happens when ovs-vswitchd is running and the OVSDB entry dpdk-init is set to true.
A useful log entry to watch for during initialization is this:
|dpdk|INFO|EAL ARGS: ovs-vswitchd -c 0x1 --socket-mem 4096,4096
This will confirm that the dpdk-socket-mem you thought you were setting was actually set and passed to DPDK (thus avoiding the embarrassment of someone else pointing out that your scripts were wrong).
The most likely way to run out of memory during initialization is that huge page memory was not set up correctly:
|dpdk|INFO|EAL: 32 hugepages of size _PHONE_ reserved, but no mounted hugetlbfs found for that size
Another way is that you are requesting too much memory:
|dpdk|ERR|EAL: Not enough memory available on socket 0! Requested: 32768MB, available: 16384MB
Or you request none at all:
|dpdk|ERR|EAL: invalid parameters for --socket-mem
All these issues can be fixed by correctly setting up huge pages and requesting to pre-allocate an appropriate amount.
Adding a Port or Changing the MTU
These situations are grouped together because they can both result in a new pool of buffers being requested for a port. Where possible, these pools of buffers will be shared and reused, but that is not always possible due to differing port NUMA nodes or MTUs.
For new requests, the size of each buffer is fixed (MTU-based) but the number of buffers can be variable and OvS-DPDK will retry for a lower number of buffers if there is not enough memory for initial requests.
When DPDK cannot provide the requested memory to any one of the requests, it reports the following:
|dpdk|ERR|RING: Cannot reserve memory
While that may look serious, it's nothing to worry about because OvS handles this and simply retries for a lower amount. If however, the retries do not work then the following will be in the log:
|netdev_dpdk|ERR|Failed to create memory pool for netdev dpdk0, with MTU 9000 on socket 0: Cannot allocate memory
This case is an issue for functionality.
 - If you were adding a port, it will not be usable.
 - If you were changing the MTU, the MTU change fails but the port will continue to operate with the previous MTU.
How can you fix these errors? The general guide would be just to give OvS-DPDK more memory on the relevant NUMA node, or stick with a lower MTU.
Starting a VM
It doesn't seem obvious why you would run out of memory when starting a VM, as opposed to when you are adding a vhost port for it (previous section). The key is vhost NUMA reallocation.
When a VM is started, DPDK checks the NUMA node of the memory shared from the guest. This may result in requesting a new pool of buffers from the same NUMA node. But of course, there might be no memory pre-allocated with dpdk-socket-mem on that NUMA node, or else there might be insufficient memory left.
The log entry would be similar to the add port/change MTU cases:
|netdev_dpdk|ERR|Failed to create memory pool for netdev vhost0, with MTU 1500 on socket 1: Cannot allocate memory
The fix for this is having enough memory on the relevant NUMA node, or changing the libvirt/QEMU settings so VM memory is from a different NUMA node.
Runtime, Adding a Port, or Adding Queues
Didn't we already cover adding a port? Yes, we did; however, this section is for when we get a requested pool of buffers, but some time later that proves to be insufficient.
This might be because there are many ports and queues sharing a pool of buffers and by the time some buffers are reserved for Rx queues, some are in flight processing and some are waiting to be returned from Tx queues, so there just aren't enough buffers to go around.
For example, the log entries when this occurs while using a physical NIC could look like this:
|dpdk|ERR|PMD: ixgbe_alloc_rx_queue_mbufs(): RX mbuf alloc failed queue_id=0
|dpdk|ERR|PMD: ixgbe_dev_rx_queue_start(): Could not alloc mbuf for queue:0
|dpdk|ERR|PMD: ixgbe_dev_start(): Unable to start rxtx queues
|dpdk|ERR|PMD: ixgbe_dev_start(): failure in ixgbe_dev_start(): -1
|netdev_dpdk|ERR|Interface dpdk0 start error: Input/output error
For vhost ports, buffers are not reserved but you could see at runtime that you cannot get a new buffer while polling vhost ports. The log entry could look like this:
|dpdk(pmd91)|ERR|VHOST_DATA: Failed to allocate memory for mbuf.
If all the ports are needed, the easiest way to resolve this is to reduce the numbers of Rx queues or reserved buffers for the physical NICs. This can be done with the following command:
# ovs-vsctl set Interface dpdk0 options:n_rxq=4
or with this command:
# ovs-vsctl set Interface dpdk0 options:n_rxq_desc=1024
Alternatively, memory could be increased to ensure that a large pool of buffers will be available (that is, avoiding retries for lower amounts) but that approach scales only so far.
Further Debugging
If you run out of memory, there will be an error message in the log. If you want further details about the pools of memory being allocated, reused, and freed, you can turn on debug mode:
# ovs-appctl vlog/set netdev_dpdk:console:dbg
# ovs-appctl vlog/set netdev_dpdk:syslog:dbg
# ovs-appctl vlog/set netdev_dpdk:file:dbg
Allocated, reused, and freed messages will look like this:
|netdev_dpdk|DBG|Allocated "ovs_mp_2030_0_262144" mempool with 262144 mbufs
|netdev_dpdk|DBG|Reusing mempool "ovs_mp_2030_0_262144"
|netdev_dpdk|DBG|Freeing mempool "ovs_mp_2030_0_262144"
The name of the pool of buffers (that is, mempool) gives us some information:
2030 : Padded size of the buffer (derived from MTU)
0 : NUMA node the memory is allocated from
262144 : Number of buffers in the pool
There is also a command to show which mempool a port is using, as well as lots of other details (not shown):
# ovs-appctl netdev-dpdk/get-mempool-info dpdk0
mempool _USER_
If you have read to here, it probably means you've hit an issue with OvS-DPDK. Sorry to hear that. Hopefully, after reading the above guide you'll be able to identify if the issue was due to running out of memory and you'll know how to fix it.
Some guidance on how much memory is required and how to configure OvS-DPDK for multi-NUMA (including dpdk-socket-mem) can be found in the OVS-DPDK: How much memory and OVS-DPDK: Multi-NUMA articles on this blog.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have
class Cab(models.Model):
 name = models.CharField( max_length=20 )
 descr = models.CharField( max_length=2000 )
class Cab_Admin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 ordering = ('name',)
 list_display = ('name','descr', )
 # what to write here to make descr using TextArea?
admin.site.register( Cab, Cab_Admin )
how to assign TextArea widget to 'descr' field in admin interface?
In Admin interface only!
Good idea to use ModelForm.
share|improve this question
add comment
6 Answers
up vote 45 down vote accepted
You will have to create a forms.ModelForm that will describe how you want the descr field to be displayed, and then tell admin.ModelAdmin to use that form. For example:
from django import forms
class CabModelForm( forms.ModelForm ):
 descr = forms.CharField( widget=forms.Textarea )
 class Meta:
 model = Cab
class Cab_Admin( admin.ModelAdmin ):
 form = CabModelForm
The form attribute of admin.ModelAdmin is documented in the official Django documentation. Here is one place to look at.
share|improve this answer
For simply replacing a form widget, you don't have to create your own entire form. You can just override formfield_for_dbfield on your ModelAdmin, see my answer below. – Carl Meyer Dec 2 '13 at 20:25
add comment
For this case, the best option is probably just to use a TextField instead of CharField in your model. You can also override the formfield_for_dbfield method of your ModelAdmin class:
class CabAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 def formfield_for_dbfield(self, db_field, **kwargs):
 formfield = super(CabAdmin, self).formfield_for_dbfield(db_field, **kwargs)
 if db_field.name == 'descr':
 formfield.widget = forms.Textarea(attrs=formfield.widget.attrs)
 return formfield
share|improve this answer
is there any downside in this compared to the selected answer? this looks cleaner to implement as we don't need to create a new ModelForm... – Filipe Pina Feb 23 '12 at 10:30
replaced formfield.widget = forms.Textarea() with formfield.widget = forms.Textarea(attrs=formfield.widget.attrs) to keep all attributes automatically generated for the TextField, Thanks! – Filipe Pina Feb 23 '12 at 10:53
I don't know why the other answer is accepted over this one; I think if all you're doing is replacing a widget this is simpler. But either will work fine. – Carl Meyer Feb 23 '12 at 15:20
add comment
Ayaz has pretty much spot on, except for a slight change(?!):
class MessageAdminForm(forms.ModelForm):
 class Meta:
 model = Message
 widgets = {
 'text': forms.Textarea(attrs={'cols': 80, 'rows': 20}),
class MessageAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 form = MessageAdminForm
admin.site.register(Message, MessageAdmin)
So, you don't need to redefine a field in the ModelForm to change it's widget, just set the widgets dict in Meta.
share|improve this answer
This does retain more "automatic" properties than Ayaz's answer, but any tip on how to keep the field length validation as well? – Filipe Pina Feb 23 '12 at 10:44
add comment
You can subclass your own field with needed formfield method:
class CharFieldWithTextarea(models.CharField):
 def formfield(self, **kwargs):
 "widget": forms.Textarea
 return super(CharFieldWithTextarea, self).formfield(**kwargs)
This will take affect on all generated forms.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Instead of a models.CharField, use a models.TextField for descr.
share|improve this answer
Unfortunately, max_length= is totally ignored by Django on a TextField, so when you need field length validation (such as letting secretaries enter event summaries) the only way to get it is to use a CharField. But a CharField is way to short to type 300 chars into. Hence the ayaz solution. – shacker Apr 21 '09 at 23:45
Absolutely! Thanks. – Dan Jan 26 '12 at 0:58
This isn't a good answer because it changes the database. The point of changing the widget is to change how the field is displayed, not to change the database schema – omouse Feb 14 '13 at 21:11
add comment
If you are trying to change the Textarea on admin.py, this is the solution that worked for me:
from django import forms
from django.contrib import admin
from django.db import models
from django.forms import TextInput, Textarea
from books.models import Book
class BookForm(forms.ModelForm):
 class Meta:
 model = Book
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 form = BookForm
admin.site.register(Book, BookAdmin)
If you are using a MySQL DB, your column length will usually be autoset to 250 characters, so you will want to run an ALTER TABLE to change the length in you MySQL DB, so that you can take advantage of the new larger Textarea that you have in you Admin Django site.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer


text:
I consulted Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry (John Leonard) and Practical Organic Synthesis (Reinhart Keese). Both have useful paragraphs on dry loading, but one point is not clear. Does one use sand, and if so, is the sand above or below the sample-impregnated silica?
Sand on top of the sample loaded silica. So I make up the column, either wet or dry load, then add a bunch of sand, enough to protect the sample loaded silica so my cack-handed pouring of solvent doesnt disturb the sample layer.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Ana Maria Santacreu, Saint Louis FED
"International Technology Diffusion: A Gravity Approach"
This paper investigates empirically the determinants of international technology licensing using data for 61 countries during _PHONE_. A multi-country one-sector model of innovation and diffusion with perfect enforcement of IPR yields a structural gravity equation for bilateral royalty payments as a function of economic fundamentals. The gravity equation is estimated using nonlinear methods. The model's fundamentals account for 45% of the variation in royalty payments. Other factors such as imperfect IPR protection and a country's production structure account for a substantial fraction of the unexplained variation, especially in developing countries. A back-of-the-envelop calculation suggests that perfect IPR enforcement in China would have led to 20% more technology transfers from the United States.
Contact person: Birthe Larsen


text:
Wednesday, 19 July 2006
Nursing Education Best Practice Strategies for Student Success: A Statewide Survey
|Learning Objective #1: Describe best practice strategies for nursing student retention and success from pre-entry into the nursing program to program completion.|
|Learning Objective #2: Compare similarities and differences in best practice strategies identified by nursing faculty with those identified by graduating nursing students. |
High student attrition from nursing programs contributes to the national nursing shortage. The Mississippi Office of Nursing Workforce initiated the Nursing Education Barriers Study to identify common barriers to nursing education and devise replicable strategies for increasing student retention. One goal of Phase III was to identify best practice strategies for student retention and success.
With assistance from the Council of Dean and Directors of Schools of Nursing a survey was distributed to faculty in state associate and baccalaureate degree programs. Faculty were surveyed to identify best practice strategies and resources for student success (return rate 30%). 136 strategies were identified and subsequently categorized under broad headings: Pre-entry, Program Orientation, Advisement, Study Skills, Test Taking Skills, Remediation, Clinical Skill Development, Evaluation, NCLEX Preparation, Faculty and Learning Environment.
To determine congruence of student identified success strategies with faculty identified strategies, a student survey tool was developed based on results of the faculty survey, distributed to all Mississippi nursing programs, and administered to associate and baccalaureate students in their last semester. Student response rate was 36% (n=547). Data on student demographics, educational background, academic difficulty areas, and best practice strategies for success were analyzed.
Student and faculty responses were compared with interesting differences. Faculty identified Advisement and Study Skill strategies as best practices while students identified Faculty and Learning Environment as most significant to success. Positive faculty attributes identified by students were professional role modeling, teaching expertise, caring behaviors, commitment, and accessibility. Students ranked multiple means of communication as essential in the learning environment.
While recruitment of students into the nursing profession is important, nursing faculty should remain committed to recognizing and implementing strategies to assist current students. Utilization of common best practice strategies, such as described in this study, can lead to enhanced student success and increase in the nursing workforce.
See more of Techniques for Nursing Education
See more of The 17th International Nursing Research Congress Focusing on Evidence-Based Practice (19-22 July 2006)


text: Between 1890 and 1914 Australia became the world's largest market for wool. Wresting this title from London required local brokers to create an ordered market with a central auction room, a uniform sale contract and standard arbitration procedure across a number of separate selling centres. This paper explores the various governance structures created by the Associations in Melbourne, Brisbane and Sydney, to bind co‐operative behaviours. We argue that the dual objects of the Associations, adherence to a uniform price and the operation of a central auction, provided different levels of incentives to firms to co‐operate in each centre. Firms took calculated rational decisions whether to co‐operate with respect to 'price', and different behaviours between centres depended heavily on structural and environmental situations. However, co‐operative behaviours towards supporting the auction system were driven by a combination of pecuniary and altruistic factors. The latter arose from a deep rooted sense of service to promote the wool trade and a belief in its over‐riding national importance.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Turning GitHub Into A URL Shortening Service
URL shortening services like TinyURL or Bitly have long become an essential part of the modern web, and are popular enough that even Google killed off their own already. Creating your own shortener is also a fun exercise, and in its core doesn't require much more than a nifty domain name, some form of database to map the URLs, and a bit of web technology to glue it all together. [Nelsontky] figured you don't even have to build most of it yourself, but you could just (ab)use GitHub for it.
Using GitHub Pages to host the URL shortening website itself, [nelsontky] actually repurposes GitHub's issue tracking system to map the shortened identifier to the original URL. Each redirection is simply a new issue, with the issue number serving as the shortening identifier, and the issue's title text storing the original URL. To map the request, a bit of JavaScript extracts the issue number from the request, looks it up via GitHub API, and if a valid one was found (and API rate limits weren't exceeded), redirects the caller accordingly. What's especially clever about this is that GitHub Pages usually just serves static files stored in a repository, so the entire redirection logic is actually placed in the 404 error handling page, allowing requests to any arbitrary paths.
While this may not be as neat as placing your entire website content straight into the URL itself, it could be nicely combined with this rotary phone to simply dial the issue number and access your bookmarks — perfect in case you always wanted your own website phone book. And if you don't like the thought of interacting with the GitHub UI every time you want to add a new URL, give the command line tools a try.
11 thoughts on "Turning GitHub Into A URL Shortening Service
 1. That's a great reason not to use a link shortener for technical discussions like we might have here ore really anything that someone might want to reference later. On the other hand, if you are having a less serious discussion with a friend (think Facebook, not Stack Exchange) you might want to show them something but you want it to have the full impact when they see it. You don't want the punchline given away but the url. Of course, with the FB example, if you use any of the well known link shorteners FB's software will scrape it and generate a preview but that could be a great reason to use this github hack.
 2. Best practice is for a URL redirection system to always return a 301 "Resource moved permanently" response code with the destination URL.
 Best practice for a crawler is to follow 301's and store the URL that finally returns a 200 OK.
 IMHO this should even be what is done with intermediary services, and some do.
 If something is going to present a user-supplied link to others, I do like seeing it present some combination of the target link along with the anchor text. Even if it's just the final domain name. Sites doing that (IMHO) should be using the final URL for this, not any of the URLs returning 301's.
 It's a minor safety thing, and yes very minor, but also a curtesy thing too. As well as completely removing the link breakage problems that URL shorteners add in.
 1. I hate these shortened URL's.
 It's just a completely unnecessary extra layer of indirection and on top of that the links break all the time and are probably also used to track people over the 'net.
 Just yuck.
 2. Using a shortener is like using some stranger's warp calculation. You would't know the destination until you are there. Also the Universe is in flux so when it expires, you might be somewhere else. It could be the middle of a star or a black hole.
 It is one of those noobie things that should not be encouraged.
 1. what a ridiculous statement. Sometimes obnoxiously long URL's need to be shortened. If you use itty.bitty for example (where the content is stored in the url) link shortening is a god send.
 3. My company (ISP provider) actively discourages customers from using URL shorteners, and more specifically, avoid clicking on them, because they're too easy to abuse. One has to go through extra steps to find out where they ultimately go without clicking on them first. Just a bad thing all around.
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In this article, we go over:
 1. How PostBeyond user accounts can be generated via SSO
 2. The solution to ensure these accounts are organized within your company's instance
 3. How to set up the SSO Default Group
How are PostBeyond user account's Generated via SSO
If an employee is found within the IdP group of the PostBeyond SSO application and they do not have a PostBeyond user account, clicking SSO from the PostBeyond login page will generate an account:
If a user's account is created in this method, they are automatically put into the Core/All group of the instance, which might not be ideal for a program as this is typically the group that has access to all content.
To avoid this, admins have the ability to create and/or label a group the SSO default group.
Benefits of the Default SSO group include:
👉🏽 Regrouping the users when the time is convenient
👉🏽 Easily identifying SSO generated users
👉🏽 Ensuring that SSO users have access to general content and not all content
How to Set up SSO Default Group
Step 1: Create an SSO Default Group
You can call this anything, but make sure it is an obvious group for you and your team to quickly identify
Step 2: Apply the Default to the SSO Default Group
You will notice a little person icon beside the All/Core group. This is automatically applied to the Core group of all instances and indicates that SSO-generated users will be moved here.
Click the 3 dots of the group you would like to make the default group, and select Make Default Group for New Users:
Once this is done, you will notice the icon beside the group you've selects as the New user's default group.
If you have any questions, please contact your CSM or
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text: The National Museum of the American Indian on the National Mall opened in September 2004. Fifteen years in the making, it is the first national museum in the country dedicated exclusively to Native Americans. The five-story, 250,000-square-foot, curvilinear building is clad in a golden-colored Kasota limestone that is designed to evoke natural rock formations that have been shaped by wind and water over thousands of years. The museum is set in a 4.25-acre site and is surrounded by simulated wetlands. The museum's east-facing entrance, its prism window and its 120-foot-high space for contemporary Native performances are direct results of extensive consultations with Native peoples. The museum's architect and project designer is the Canadian Douglas Cardinal (Blackfoot); its design architects are GBQC Architects of Philadelphia and architect Johnpaul Jones (Cherokee/Choctaw). Disagreements during construction led to Cardinal being removed from the project, but the building retains his original design intent, and his continued input enabled its completion. The museum's project architects are Jones & Jones Architects and Landscape Architects Ltd. of Seattle and SmithGroup of Washington, D.C., in association with Lou Weller (Caddo), the Native American Design Collaborative, and Polshek Partnership Architects of New York City; Ramona Sakiestewa (Hopi) and Donna House (Navajo/Oneida) also served as design consultants. The landscape architects are Jones & Jones Architects and Landscape Architects Ltd. of Seattle and EDAW Inc., of Alexandria, Virginia.


Grandparents Can Affect Grandchildren in Divorce
If you're getting a divorce and your children are close to their grandparents, that's great. Especially considering how these days, not all families are as close as they were in generations past. Sometimes though, when children of divorce visit their grandparents it can be a double edged sword.
If your soon-to-be ex's parents don't like you, their attitude towards you may bother your children. As their mother or father, seeing your child distraught can be hard, especially when your child wants to feel good about loving their grandparents.
It's Natural to Take Sides
We suppose it's only natural to take sides when a son or daughter divorces. But, just as you and your spouse shouldn't be dissing each other in front of your kids, the same goes for the grandparents; this is often overlooked.
While your former mother-in-law may believe that she's only hurting you when she makes hurtful remarks about you to your kids, she is causing her grandchildren distress.
Should you take the high road?
If you are the grandparent and your son or daughter is getting a divorce and you cannot stand your former daughter or son-in-law, should you refuse to talk about them? Unfortunately, that's not the best strategy.
If you never talk about your former son or daughter-in-law, or if you change the subject when your grandchild mentions their name, it could make your grandchild feel bad.
Whatever your thoughts or feelings about your grandchildren's parents, you should speak of their good qualities to the kids. "Your mom is a great cook," or "Your father can fix anything," or "Your mother loves you very much."
If you don't like your son or daughter's ex, there's no point in making it clear to the kids – by your actions or your words – that you strongly dislike their mother or father.
Even if your former son or daughter-in-law is a terrible person, your grandkids will figure it out. In the meantime when they are with you, it's important that they don't feel like they have to choose sides.
If your words or actions cause them distress, they will resent that, or they may not want to spend so much time with you so they can avoid feeling that way.
It's best to empathize with your grandkids. If you are divorced or a child of divorce, try to remember how it made you feel and do your best to be accommodate their needs.
Need family law advice? Call Claery & Green, LLP for a free consultation.


Latest news
Bushcraft Day Inspires Year 7
Writing a History of Skipton's Aireville School was a labour of love for former teacher John Tomlinson. In the book John tells how the school started its education journey at its current site in April 1958 and how over the years it has changed, developed, and adapted to meet the needs of a changing community, changing demographic, and a changing need for the school site.
Mr Tomlinson said he had wanted to write a history of the school for some time, as it had played a large part in his life. Another former teacher, David Eager, who taught history at the school, had produced a leaflet some years ago, but he felt it was time to 'expand on David's work'. Through the process of writing the book, Mr Tomlinson talked to many former headteachers, past colleagues, and former students. The work involved collating photos, trawling archives of documents, and reading through many Craven Herald archives from over the years. The book explored how national and local events have moulded the school and its development, how the site and its buildings have changed, as well as the staff and pupils, the many changes in education over the years.
All copies of the book have now sold out and Mr Tomlinson has very generously donated £500 from the sales. Principal Richard McManus commented how appreciative the school were with the very generous donation, which was going to be used to enhance students' experience. After a challenging year for many pupils, it was decided that the money would be used to help support the youngest students in the school. The year group missed out on a traditional transition and due to the many restrictions placed on schools due to Covid19, the money helped them take part in a Bushcraft day.
The day provided students with the opportunity to supplement their standard curriculum with opportunities to learn bushcraft, wilderness, and survival skills, such as fire lighting, shelter building, outdoor cooking, and afforded them the opportunity for pupils to develop their hard and soft skills. Students also developed their confidence, team-working, and leadership skills. On the day, the students had the opportunity to take advantage of the extensive grounds, an opportunity to enjoy the glorious weather, and complete the many activities offered to them. Students commented how enjoyable the day was, the chance to make and meet new people in their year group and work together to complete all the challenges set.
Reviewing the day, Richard McManus commented, in addition to having an amazing time with their friends, learning to work in teams, and building new skills, the students have recognised how they can contribute to the well-being of others by acquiring important and lifelong life-saving skills
< Back to all news stories


Outstanding places in Northern Ireland (Part 3)
Let's see where I'm going to take you this time.
 1. The Old Bushmills Distillery
Despite not being a person who likes whiskey I enjoy visiting those places that are culturally and economically so important for the development of the areas where they are implemented. This time I visited the oldest distillery in the world, located in county Antrim, Northern Ireland, the Old Bushmills Distillery. This Irish distillery has been transforming "water into gold" since 1608. To make whiskey you only need three things: barley, starch and water. This process has five stages: malting (where the barley is soaked in water), mashing (the process of extracting sugars from the barley originating what is called wort), fermentation (the wort goes into stainless steel tanks to turn the sugars into alcohol, this liquid is called wash and the percentage of alcohol is very small, only 8%), distillation (the wash is distilled three times and the liquid at this stage has an alcoholic strength of 80%) and maturation (where the spirit is put into oak casks of three types: bourbon, sherry and Madeira casks, all of them are second hand casks. The ones that are going to produce older whiskeys and therefore more expensive are stored in Port Wine (sherry) and Madeira casks). The Bushmills Single Malt Whiskey 21 year old can cost £150 per bottle!
For more information visit: _URL_
 1. Marble Arch Caves
Located in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland the Marble Arch Caves are a UNESCO Global Geopark. Those limestone caves are the longest known cave system in Northern Ireland with 11.5 Km. Located in a stunning area here you will have the chance to see and explore the formation of stalactites and stalagmites. Although the caves were only found in the 19th century by Édouard-Alfred Martel, these limestone caves are millions of years old.
If you are planning to visit the caves don't forget to book in advance.
The guides will take you down to the underground caves where the journey starts with a boat trip through the chambers. The rest of the journey you will be walking so make sure you bring comfortable shoes. Some of the caves' formations are amazing. Did you know that a stalactite can take 100 years to grow just one millimetre?
Be prepared to do some stepping and the journey ends with a climb of 150 stairs. Don't complain, it's good to keep you fit!
For more information: _URL_
IMG_20170415_155025IMG_20170415_155220IMG_20170415_155929OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERAIMG_20170415_160534IMG_20170415_160906IMG_20170415_164011IMG_20170415_165654IMG_20170415_160032IMG_20170415_155739
 1. The Gobbins Cliff Path
Located in County Antrim, Northern Ireland the Gobbins Cliff Path is in a spectacular, dramatic location overlooking the Irish sea.
The original path opened in 1902 thanks to a visionary called Berkeley Deane Wise, a chief engineer from the railway company who saw the potential of this area in attracting visitors to this beautiful location. But due to the high costs of maintaining the path it was closed during the second world war. The new path re-opened in 2014.
The journey starts at the Gobbins visitor centre. Don't forget to book in advance. There you will watch a video explaining the place. You will be provided with a helmet and if you don't have appropriate boats don't worry, they will provide that as well. A short bus journey will take you with your guide to the Gobbins. The tour has a duration of approximately 2,5 hours. A steep descend will take you to the Wise's Eye, a narrow entrance that will unravel a magical world with paths (some narrow), bridges, the crashing waves, a cave and the climax, the bird watching. This place harbours puffins, guillemots, razorbills, kittiwakes and shags.
In a clear day you have views to Scotland and the Rathlin Island (you can see my post about this mesmerizing island: _URL_
Then get ready for the way back and climb 100 stairs and a steep path that will bring you back to the mini bus. A very good workout for your heart!
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For more outstanding places in Northern Ireland, have a look at the following posts:
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text:
From the series: Developing Wind Power Systems Using MATLAB and Simulink
Steve Miller, MathWorks
The number and complexity of control systems in wind turbines is expanding rapidly, and their design can be the difference between an immensely profitable system and a dormant or damaged system. Designing a robust control system requires an accurate model of the plant, and tools that enable rapid iteration to find the best design, not simply the first design that works. The control system must be as optimized as possible, while meeting multiple (and sometimes conflicting) system requirements. Pitch and yaw controllers must also interact with supervisory logic controllers in order to operate and protect the turbine under a wide range of operating conditions.
The model of a complete wind turbine (including mechanical, electrical and hydraulic systems) will be used to show:
- How to easily apply linear control theory to rapidly design controllers for nonlinear systems, and to verify their performance on the nonlinear system
- How to use optimization algorithms to optimize system performance with respect to multiple design requirements
- How to define supervisory logic using state machines
- How to integrate and test all of these models in a single environment to test for integration issues and test overall system performance
These points will be illustrated with demonstrations using the model and the simulation software. Experience with MATLAB and Simulink is helpful, but not required to learn from this webinar.
You can download the model used in this webinar from MATLAB Central.


text:
Paper is an important part of the human ecosystem and paper products are still widely used all around the world in every country. Paper gets moisture from its environment and bad moisture affects the quality of the paper. During the production process of paper, it is crucial to know how much water is there in the product and for this purpose Moisture Meter is used by paper and wood pulp manufacturers.
The paper industry uses the following three methods to measure the moisture content of the paper:
Moisture Meter: Some Moisture Meters use electrical resistance and contact pins to measure the content of moisture in the paper pulp while others use special electrodes with rolling contact heads that allow the meter to get a reading of the moisture content of paper pulp during production. If the water content is high in paper pulp, the paper may fall apart and the high content of moisture can affect the efficiency of the instruments involved in the paper-making process.
Oven Dry Method: This is the most accurate method to check the moisture of paper and wood pulp and serves as the reference for any instrumental measurements. A paper sample after weighing is exposed to 221 degrees Fahrenheit oven. When the samples are weighed again after cooling, the gravimetric difference is calculated as 'percent moisture'.
Moisture Saber: This is a common method of testing paper moisture in offset printing. The sword-like instrument is inserted into a stack of paper and it reads the paper's RH to calculate moisture content. The degree of accuracy is acceptable for approximate measurements and paper mills often deploy this method to retain exact moisture data for the lots of paper they manufacture.
Measures to manage paper moisture content
- Always prefer buying paper with the right moisture content whether offset or digital.
- Maintain stable moisture content through good paper handling within recommended guidelines.
- Use appropriate technology to ensure proper moisture levels by deploying moisture meters suited for paper, paperboard, corrugated boxes and wood pulp.
- Keep your current paper products at the optimum moisture content.
- The paper should get enough time to acclimatize to the environment's temperature.
- The paper should not be stationed near a heating or cooling unit as these devices can interfere with the paper's acclimatization process.
- During paper production, the packaged paper should be kept wrapped until the time it has to be processed.
- The use of vapor-proof wrappers is highly recommended during paper production as it helps the paper to remain fresh and tightly-knit, keeping the excess and unwanted moisture out of the final product.
Precautions for papers for digital printing
To ensure optimum performance for digital printing papers store paper in the original wrapper. Locate the press in a controlled temperature and humidity environment should be 65-75 degrees Fahrenheit. To eliminate temperature differences between the paper and the environment, acclimatize paper in its wrapper at print room conditions for 24 hours before printing.


text:
E-Navigation – a tool for safe navigation
E-Navigation is one of the tasks within the EfficienSea project. The E-Navigation scheme aims to create an integrated intelligent navigation system that provides navigators with the essential information that they need – and only that.
Better collection and exchange of information
The aim of E-Navigation is to create a tool that can collect, optimise and sort the information. Today there are many medium and large quantities of information on the bridge. E-Navigation will put all this into a system that shows only the relevant information for each ship, and automatically generates the administrative information that the ship has to send to the authorities or suchlike.
Increased safety, locally and globally
As a result, E-Navigation is a tool that improves navigation safety both in our own waters and around the world.


text:
In this post I want to write about a discussion paper that I have been working on in collaboration with Lucho Osorio, facilitator of the Market Facilitation Initiative (MaFI), which is an initiative of the SEEP Network (more about MaFI, more about SEEP). The paper can be found here on Slideshare.
The paper tries to answer the question What do we need to do differently if we want to make development – and specifically economic development – more effective and inclusive? The basic assumption is that if we facilitate the market systems to change from within rather than through a number of direct and distorting interventions, we have better and more sustainable results. Therefore, the title of the paper reads:
The MaFI-festo: Boosting development effectiveness through facilitation of inclusive markets and private sector engagement.
The paper is based on an extensive online discussion in the LinkedIn group of MaFI as well as a number of face-to-face meetings. Although not explicit, the basic principles of complexity theory had a strong influence on the discussions and consequently on the contents of the paper.
The MaFI-festo will build the basis of a 2012 MaFI-initiative called 'the MaFI-festo dialogues'. The goal of the dialogues is to "build a process of trust, dialogue and collaboration between inclusive market facilitators and donors to improve or change the principles, rules and procedures of international aid (or international cooperation)."
The six section of the MaFI-festo discussion paper represent the basic fields of action within the the process.
1 Guiding principles. Collaboration, engagement and practicality are the basic aspects underpinning the design and implementation of the MaFI-festo. In the process we want to include donors, practitioners and other key stakeholders in a process that is guided by trust, dialogue and mutual understanding.
2 Changing the way we work. This section spells out the basic principles of how to improve ones work in project implementation, i.e., 'focus on root causes, not symptoms', 'focus on resilience and adaptability of the system', 'invest more in field-based, pre-design phase', and 'test and promote co-volutionary experimentation'.
3 Flexibility and accountability: the ultimate balancing act. Taking into account both the need for flexibility when working in complex systems and the need for accountability to the donors and further up parliaments and tax-payers, but also towards receiving countries.
4 Building capacity: speeding up the paradigm shift. This section promotes both the establishment of capacity building systems instead of individual training courses as well as the need for the recognition of capacity building as development strategy instead of 'overhead' costs.
5 Building up the evidence: what and how we measure. This section advocates for a monitoring system that focuses on structural and deeper, systemic change instead of single universal indicators such as increased income.
6 Activities. This section lines out a number of activities that can be started based on the MaFI-festo discussion paper.
For me, the MaFI-festo incorporates an important move towards a development system that is more conscious of the system it works in and tries to work with the system instead of against the system. It also communicates the realization that this represents a paradigm shift and will need a lot of common efforts of the many actors of the development system itself to be realized.
It is my interest to further contribute to this process in the hope that I can contribute to positive change that leads to an improved way of how we interact with the people in developing countries.


New machine learning method generates unique faces for video game characters
Researchers from the Netease Fuxi AI Lab and the University of Michigan have created a machine learning method called MeInGame that can automatically generate faces by analyzing a single portrait.
We offer an automatic method for creating a character's face that predicts both face shape and texture from a single portrait. It can be used for most of the existing 3D games.
Research text
In order for 3D Morphing Face Models (3DMMs) to accurately reproduce the profile of a person, they must be trained on large sets of image and texture data.
Compiling these datasets can be quite time consuming. Also, such a system can only work stably with the regular loading of new data. To overcome this limitation, the authors of the work, Lin, Yuan and Zou, did not use generated photographs, but images of real people.
They first reconstructed the face based on a 3D face morphing model (3DMM) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and then transferred the shape of the 3D face onto a grid of templates. As a result, the network receives a face image and an unrolled UV texture map as input, and then it predicts the light factors.
The authors tested their deep learning technique in a series of experiments: they compared the quality of the game characters with other generated models.
Author: John Kessler
Function: Director
128 number 0.245335 time


text:
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
- n. A pad of paper used for sketching. Also called sketchpad.
- n. A book of literary sketches.
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. A book made with blank leaves of drawing-paper, adapted for use in sketching; hence, a printed book composed of literary sketches or outlines.
- n. A book in which a musical composer jots down his ideas, and works out his preliminary studies.
GNU Webster's 1913
- n. A book of sketches or for sketches.
- n. a book containing sheets of paper on which sketches can be drawn
"When you think about it, a sketchbook is often the only place an artist can truly be him - or herself, with nothing to prove to anyone else."
"The issue includes a sketchbook from the upcoming First Wave series, and while I like Phil Noto's work, I really want to see more of Brian Azzarello's take on the characters."
"For artist Iris HÃ¤ussler, keeping a sketchbook is a primary means of experiencing the expedition as a sculptor, as an observer, and as a traveler."
"For artist Iris Häussler, keeping a sketchbook is a primary means of experiencing the expedition as a sculptor, as an observer, and as a traveler."
"You can use watercolor paper in a separate sheet or a Moleskine watercolor sketchbook, which is perfect."
"I find it funny that I feel that a sketchbook is the most private of places, yet I am willing to spill my guts on this blog."
"But now I'll have to either start using the giant sketchbook, which is unwieldy but has many blank pages left; or buy a new one."
"Turns out the sketchbook is a common phenomenon at shows like the MoCCA Art Fest, so much so that there are genres, like the kiss book, where the drawings are lined up to look like they're smacking each other on the lips or the ass."
"His sketchbook was a curiosity, because he not only made sketches in it, but jotted down his travelling expenses, what he thought about things that he saw, and all the gossip he heard in the towns through which he passed."
"The sketchbook is a tool for thinking as much as a wrench is a tool for pipe-fitting."
These user-created lists contain the word 'sketchbook'.
A collection of book words.
an immense, grandiloquent list that loads like a thousand years sentence in stone. new words are in the other lists.
Looking for tweets for sketchbook.


DIPHERELINE® (Triptorelin embonate)
What is Diphereline® used for?
Diphereline® is used to treat prostate cancer that has spread into surrounding tissue and/or to other parts of the body. It is not a cure for prostate cancer.
Diphereline® belongs to a group of medicines called Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone analogues (GnRHa).
Most prostate cancers need a supply of the hormone testosterone to grow. Testosterone is produced by the testes and the adrenal glands.
Production of testosterone by the testes is stimulated by another hormone called luteinising hormone. This is produced by the pituitary gland, which is situated in the brain. Triptorelin, the active component of Diphereline®, reduces the production of luteinising hormone, which leads to a reduction in testosterone levels. This may shrink or slow down the development of the cancer.
Ask your doctor if you have any questions about why it has been prescribed for you. Diphereline® is available only with a doctor's prescription. Diphereline® can only be given by a doctor or a nurse.
What does Diphereline® look like?
Each pack contains 1 vial of Diphereline®, 1 ampoule, and 1 blister pack containing 1 empty polypropylene syringe and 2 needles.
The vial contains a small pellet of white to slightly yellow powder which must be mixed with the contents of the ampule (solvent) before injection.
How is Diphereline® given?
Diphereline® is given as an injection into your muscle (intramuscular) by your doctor or nurse.
How much and how often is it given? Diphereline® is available in three dose formulations:
 - 3.75mg injection usually given once a month
 - 11.25mg injection usually given once every 3 months (4 times a year)
 - 22.5mg injection usually given every 6 months (2 times a year).
Your doctor will prescribe which dose formulation is most suitable for you.
What are the common side effects?
Tell your doctor, nurse or pharmacist as soon as possible if you do not feel well while you are receiving Diphereline®.
Diphereline® helps most people with prostate cancer, but it may have unwanted side effects in a few people. It can be hard to work out whether side effects are caused by Diphereline® or prostate cancer.
Generally the side effects are mild but you may need medical attention if you get some of the side effects.
If you get any side effects, do not cancel your follow-up dose of Diphereline® without first talking to your doctor. Tell your doctor, nurse or pharmacist if you notice any of the following side effects and they worry you.
Very common side effects affecting more than 1 in 10 patients:
 - hot flushes
 - feeling weak
 - back pain
 - pins and needles sensation in the legs
 - excess sweating.
Common side effects affecting more than 1 in 100 patients:
 - nausea
 - tiredness
 - mood changes, depression
 - redness, swelling, pain and /or bruising at the injection site
 - swelling of the hands and feet (oedema)
 - muscle and bone pain, pain in arms and legs
 - dizziness, headache
 - impotence, loss of libido.
What are the less common side effects?
Tell your doctor immediately, call an ambulance or go to an Emergency Department at your nearest hospital if any of the following rare side effects happen as you may need urgent medical attention:
 - sudden signs of allergy such as rash, itching or hives on the skin
 - shortness of breath, wheezing or trouble breathing
 - chest pain
 - sharp, stabbing pain or swelling in your lower leg
 - swelling and redness along a vein which is extremely tender when touched
 - seizures or convulsions.
Tell your doctor, nurse or pharmacist as soon as possible if you notice any of the following side effects which may be serious and require medical attention:
 - sudden headaches
 - severe back pain
 - difficulty breathing
 - temporary worsening of symptoms of your cancer (tumour flare)
 - high blood pressure
 - gout (a disease with painful swollen joints, particularly in the big toe)
 - inability to pass urine.
Macmillan 2013, Triptorelin (Decapeptyl ® SR, Gonapeptyl Depot ®), Macmillan Cancer Support, viewed 2nd July 2013.
TGA Consumer Medical Information (CMI), Oct 2012, Diphereline, Therapeutic Goods Administration, Canberra, viewed 2nd July 2013.


text: The observations in geodetic networks are measured repetitively and in the network adjustment step, the mean values of these original observations are used. The mean operator is a kind of Least Square Estimation (LSE). LSE provides optimal results when random errors are normally distributed. If one of the original repetitive observations has outlier, the magnitude of this outlier will decrease because the mean value of these original observations is used in the network adjustment and outlier detection. In this case, the reliability of the outlier detection methods decreases, too. Since the original repetitive observations are independent, they can be used in the adjustment model instead of the estimating mean value of them. In this study, to show the effects of the estimating mean value of the original repetitive observations, a leveling network that contains both outward run and backward run observations were simulated. Tests for outlier, Huber and Danish methods were applied to two different cases. First, the mean values of the original observations (outward run and return run) were used; and then all original observations were considered in the outlier detection. The reliabilities of the methods were measured by Mean Succes Rate. According to the obtained results, the second case has more reliable results than first case.


Energy fields Impact assessment (CARES)
Project: Research
Project Details
The Energyfields project will assess the impact of reusing derelict land for renewable heat and /or power to benefit neighbouring communities whilst, at the same time using environmentally sound remediation techniques to bring the land into productive use.
This approach has the potential to deliver a step change in Scotland's low carbon heat trajectory by unlocking the development of energy that is secure, local, low carbon and community based providing opportunities to reduce fuel poverty, provide local employment and community ownership within some of Scotland's most disadvantaged communities.
Cities such as Glasgow and Dundee have already recognised the potential of reusing vacant and derelict land for renewable generation purposes to good effect. However, whilst individual technology deployment will undoubtedly provide a contribution to carbon reduction and renewable generation targets, a more integrated system approach is required if the full potential of the derelict sites are to be realized.
The Energyfields project will adopt an innovative cross-sectoral approach to land reuse bringing together specialists from renewable energy, environmental services and civil engineering disciplines with the aim of developing a methodology that can provide a step change in the speed of renewables deployment within Scotland.
The project will:
-use GIS-based energy masterplanning techniques to classify and prioritise site deployment
-work with landowners to develop beneficial business models that encourage investment
-combine energy generation and storage with smart grid techniques to develop a local energy economy
-work with local communities to provide innovative, replicable, engagement models
-develop a zoned approach to planting schemes
-Improve both the land value and visual amenity to deliver significant socio-economic benefit within some of Scotland's most disadvantaged areas.
The team includes leading land restoration experts who will advise and direct remediation activities to ensure that the land is restored effectively within the life of the generation equipment.
Layman's description
Imagine an urban environment where local low cost energy is provided by a network of shallow geothermal pipes hidden beneath a community woodland; solar arrays under planted with nettles that remove nitrogen from the soil whilst providing a potential textile fibre and wind turbines situated within a field of sunflowers, which are actively removing contaminants as they grow.
Key findings
Derelict land, especially that affected by former shallow coal mining in the Scottish Central Belt is an under-utilised resource capable of addressing the fuel and energy poverty that its prevalent in the neighbouring communities. Combinations of renewable technologies, including bioenergy, ground source heat pumps, solar PV or community wind turbines can be developed in combination to best address the aspirations of the community to their economic, social and environmental benefit.
Community And Renewable Energy Scheme (CARES) Infrastructure and Innovation Fund, administered for Scottish Government by Local Energy Scotland
Short titleEnergyfields
Effective start/end date1/09/1631/03/17
 - Scottish Government: £28,000.00


Channels ▼
AdaCore Buzzes Gnat Pro 7.0 and CodePeer 2.1
AdaCore, a commercially focused Ada programming language company, recently announced the availability of its Gnat Pro 7.0 development environment product with support for the upcoming Ada 2012 language revision.
The new Gnat will feature improvements based on user suggestions and supports several new platforms. It also includes a new testing tool (GNATtest) and sits alongside the rest of the firm's Freely-Licensed Open Source Software (FLOSS).
NOTE: The WG9 committee, after discussions with the ARG and with members of the Ada community, has instructed the ARG to complete the Amendment to Ada 2005 so that ISO standardization of the new version can be completed by 2012.
"It is interesting to compare this latest Gnat Pro release to the first ones, 15 years ago," commented Cyrille Comar, MD of AdaCore's European arm. "It used to consist of a bare Ada 95 compiler for a few native platforms. Now we offer a modern, comprehensive development environment and toolset dedicated to the sound software engineering of long-lived, highly-reliable systems, including those with strong safety requirements."
AdaCore's US chief Robert Dewar has suggested that the Ada programming language is reaching the final stages of a major revision. The new Ada 2012 standard will be sent to ISO (International Organization for Standardization) for ratification and to analyze its capabilities in terms of reliability, safety, and security.
The most important enhancements relate to the concept of "contract-based programming" and the introduction of more powerful assertion mechanisms in the language, such as preand post-conditions for subprograms, global assertions, and type invariants, encourage programmers to better specify the meaning of their code, and allow runtime verification to guarantee that their intent is, in fact, obeyed.
NOTE: Microsoft's much-revered Larry Osterman used his space on the MSDN pages to write the following on the contract-based approach:
"A function's software contract, simply put, defines the behavior of a function. It allows the caller of a function to know what the function does, how it fails, and (in general) what happens when the function executes. Contracts can be both explicit and implicit — an explicit contract is expressed directly. A function's explicit contract is embodied in many forms, and is expressed in different places. It's embodied in the documentation of the function (either in official published documentation or just in the comments in the function header). It can be embodied in annotations applied to the function definition. It can be embodied in the names of the parameters to a function. And some contracts are expressed by some well-known conventions."
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text:
Turbocharging is the single most popular method for adding brute power to an engine, but this video shows the manufacturing of a turbocharger is anything but brutal. Instead, the process combines precision machining with ancient methods of metal shaping.
The manufacturing process inside the Turbonetics factory starts with molten aluminum being poured to form the sandcast housings and progresses through exacting CNC processes and unhurried assembly. The human touch is the most notable part of the process: The making of these devices, which spin at 100,000 RPM and help hurl two-ton machines past 200mph, depends largely on the skilled hands of the company's technicians.
(Hat tip to EngineerDIVO at Reddit!)


text:
|Oracle® Fusion Applications Extensibility Guide
11g Release 1 (126.96.36.199)
Part Number E16691-02
This chapter describes how you can customize or extend user assistance help in your Oracle Fusion application to match any customizations.
This chapter contains the following sections:
When you customize an Oracle Fusion application, you may find you also need to customize or extend the existing help to match your changes. Oracle Fusion applications provide two different types of help.
Oracle Fusion Applications Help
Embedded static page-level help
This type of help is displayed directly on a page, using attributes of a component. The help text is included in the application.
Tip:Help text is stored in resource bundles, and so can be translated. For more information, see Chapter 16, "Translating Custom Text."
Embedded help includes the following:
Static instruction text: displayed by panel components that normally contain forms or tables. This instruction guides the user in filling out the form or using the table, as shown in Figure 18-2.
In-field help note: displayed by input components and guides the user in entering data into the component. Figure 18-3 shows an in-field note.
Terminology definition: displayed by input components and defines terms used on the page, as shown in Figure 18-4.
Bubble help: displayed when the end user mouses over a button or link component, as shown in Figure 18-5.
Help window: displayed when a user clicks the help icon, as shown in Figure 18-6. This type of help is generally brief context-sensitive help, and can also provide links to help files in Oracle Fusion Applications Help.
In Oracle Fusion Applications Help, you can change the content in existing help windows or you can create new help windows. Within a page of an application, you can customize or create bubble help, static instructions, in-field notes, terminology definitions, and help windows. This help text is stored either as a value for an attribute, or in translatable resource bundles.
Before you customize help, you should be familiar with the Oracle Fusion application architecture that enables customization, as described in Chapter 1, "Customizing and Extending Oracle Fusion Applications." You should also understand the typical workflows for working with customizations, as described in Chapter 2, "Understanding the Customization Development Lifecycle."
You will also need to do the following before you can begin customizing help:
If you will be adding or customizing Oracle Fusion Applications Help, you will need the correct privileges. Please contact your security administrator for details.
Install JDeveloper and set up your development environment. For more information, see "Chapter 2 Setting Up Your Development Environment" of the Oracle Fusion Applications Developer's Guide.
Create a customization application workspace. For more information, see Chapter 10, "Using JDeveloper for Customizations."
Launch JDeveloper in the Oracle Fusion Applications Administrator Customization role.
Select a layer value. When customizing application artifacts in JDeveloper, you first need to select the layer and layer value to work in. You use the Customization Context window to make this selection. For more information about customization layers, see Section 1.2, "Understanding Customization Layers.""
You can customize existing help files in Oracle Fusion Applications Help, or you can extend Oracle Fusion Applications Help by adding custom topics.
Once created, custom help files are distinguished by an icon in search results, and they are displayed at the top of help listings when you navigate.
Task: Customize Oracle Fusion Applications Help Windows
When you have the correct privileges, help windows in Oracle Fusion Applications Help display a Manage Custom Help link, which allows you to change the content and specify in which help windows in the application your custom help will appear, and where it will appear in the help site navigators. For more information, see the "Define Help Configuration" section in the Oracle Fusion Applications Common Implementation Guide.
Task: Add Custom Help Files to Oracle Fusion Applications Help
You can add new custom help files to Oracle Fusion Applications Help. Custom help files will appear like standard help files and can be searched and included in help windows and navigators. For more information, see the "Define Help Configuration" section in the Oracle Fusion Applications Common Implementation Guide.
For bubble help, you can use CRM Application Composer or Oracle Composer to customize or create the help text.
The following components use bubble help.
Task: Customize or Add Bubble Help
The text displayed in bubble help is the value of the component's
shortDesc attribute. Normally, the value resolves to a key in a resource bundle. If your are customizing a CRM application, you can use CRM Application Composer to customize the value of the attribute. For more information, see Section 4.2, "Editing Objects." For other applications, you use Oracle Composer to customize the attribute. For more information, see Section 3.3, "Editing Component Properties in Oracle Composer."
Oracle Fusion Applications embedded help (aside from bubble help) uses two types of ADF Faces help: instruction and definition. Instruction-type help displays static text, either in a specified area on a component (like static instruction help, shown in Figure 18-2), or in a note window, as in-field notes do, shown in Figure 18-3. Definition-type help displays a help icon, and is what terminology definition embedded help uses, as shown in Figure 18-4. When the user mouses over the help icon, the help text displays in a message box. UI components display the instruction and definition help text using the
helpTopicId attribute. For more information about the ADF Faces help framework, see the "Displaying Help for Components" section of the Oracle Fusion Middleware Web User Interface Developer's Guide for Oracle Application Development Framework.
It is important that for the type of help you want to add or customize, you understand which component actually displays the help, and which type of ADF Faces help is being used. Table 18-1 shows the different types of Oracle Fusion Applications embedded help, the corresponding ADF Faces help, and the components that display that type of help.
Table 18-1 Oracle Fusion Applications Help and Corresponding ADF Faces Help and UI Components
|Oracle Fusion Application Help Type||ADF Faces Help Type||Component|
You perform the following tasks in JDeveloper in the Oracle Fusion Applications Administrator Customization role.
Note:You cannot directly customize the existing help text strings. If you want to change text that currently appears, you need to create a new text string and associate the component with that new text.
Task: Add Help Strings to Resource Bundle
Add custom help text strings to an existing custom resource bundle or create a new resource bundle to hold your customized help text (Oracle Fusion applications use XLIFF files for resource bundles). If you create a new resource file, you must register that file with the project. For information about creating and using resource bundles for an Oracle Fusion application, see Section 11.10, "Customizing or Adding Resource Bundles."
The help text must use the following syntax:
: Enter the topic ID. This must contain a unique prefix, the topic name, and the help type, either INSTRUCTION or DEFINITION.
Note:You prefix must unique. You must use this prefix for all your custom help strings.
In this example, MYCUSTHELPis the prefix used to access the XLIFF file. NEWHELPTOPIC is the topic name, and DEFINITION is the type of ADF Faces help.UI components access the help content based on the topic name. Therefore, if you use the same topic name for two different types of help (instruction and definition), then both types of help will be displayed by the UI component.
: Create as a direct child of the
 element and enter the help text.
: Create as a direct child of the
 element and leave it blank. This will hold translated text populated by translation tools.
: Create as a direct child of the
 element and enter a description for the help text.
Example 18-1 shows an example of a resource file that contains two topics.
Example 18-1 XLIFF Resource Bundle
 Credit Card Definition This is the credit card definition text. Credit Card Instructions This is the credit card instruction text.
Task: Associate the Component with the Help Strings
In JDeveloper, select the component to display the help. Associate that component with the
 element in the resource bundle, using the component's
helpTopicID attribute. Ensure that the component supports the type of help (that is, definition or instruction) defined in the trans-unit id. For instructions, see the "How to Access Help Content from a UI Component" section of the Oracle Fusion Middleware Web User Interface Developer's Guide for Oracle Application Development Framework.


An undercover investigation by Animal Liberation NSW
Animal Liberation receives no government funding and is totally reliant on donations to continue its work for the animals. Your donation will go directly towards fighting for the rights of animals through campaigning, political lobbying, education, advertising and outreach.
Specifically, donations may be used for the following purposes:
 - Computer equipment including hard drives
 - Website domain and hosting fees
 - Printed campaign materials (fliers, posters, etc)
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The study of rhythmic electrical activity in slice preparations has generated important insights into neural network function. While the synaptic mechanisms involved in the generation of in vitro network oscillations have been studied widely, little is known about the modulatory influence exerted on rhythmic activity in neuronal networks by neuropeptides and biogenic amines. Gamma oscillations play an important role in cognitive processes and are altered or disrupted in disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia. Given the importance of gamma oscillations for learning, memory and cognition processes as well as the recent interest in histamine H3 receptors in the development of pro-cognitive drugs to treat disorders such as AD and schizophrenia, it is relevant to study the impact of histaminergic mechanisms on network gamma oscillations. Here we show for the first time a modulation of gamma oscillation by histaminergic mechanisms. Selective activation of the H3 receptor by R-α-methylhistamine significantly reduces the power of kainate-induced gamma oscillations, but not carbachol-induced gamma oscillations, in the rat hippocampal slice preparation without affecting oscillation frequency. This effect is neither caused by a decrease in excitatory or inhibitory postsynaptic currents, nor a decrease in cellular excitability. Instead, we find that the decrease in oscillation power following H3 receptor activation results from a desynchronization of pyramidal neuron action potential firing with regard to the local field potential oscillation cycle. Our data provide a possible mechanism of action for histamine in regulating gamma oscillations in the hippocampal network.


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Title:Ink tablet in the form of a turtleArtist:Artist UnknownDate:Eastern Han dynastyCreation Place:Asia, ChinaCredit Line:The William Hood Dunwoody FundAccession Number:32.54.4a,b
This charming Han dynasty (206 b.c.- 220 a.d.) ink stone, modeled in the form of a turtle, features "the eight trigrams" pa-kua carved into the top of its removable shell. The eight trigrams are among the earliest and best-known images associated with Taoism. These visual symbols are the basis for the sixty-four hexagrams of the ancient divination text, the I-Ching or The Book of Changes which was formulated during Western Chou (1050-772 b.c.). In addition to divination, the eight trigrams played a vital role in Taoist alchemical practices and helped explain the cosmological principles of transformation. The eight trigrams and their symbolism are one of several Bronze Age traditions that coalesced during Han to form the basis of religious Taoism.


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Animal Tales The Journey Begins by Rhia Roberts
Price: Free! 8370 words.
Published on February 29, 2012..
Animal Tales is a series of 12 controlled readers bringing Dr. Phil McGraw's Life Strategies to 3rd-5th graders. Students are taken on an African adventure where the life strategies are presented as fables. The Journey Begins is the first book in the series; readers are introduced to the main characters (Jake, Nia, and Elena), and their reasons for helping each other.


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The existential void in learning: Juxtaposing mathematics and literature
The University of Montana
Ottawa Township High School, IL
In this chapter unusual relations between mathematics and literature are examined in the context of a number theory problem and contemporary literary work. Lakatosí proofs and refutations is employed as a methodology for the purposes of classroom implementation.
Keywords: interdisciplinarity; proofs and refutations; philosophy of learning
AMS Subject Classification: 97
Pdf: Preprint of chapter to appear in B. Sriraman, V. Freiman & N. Lirette-Pitre (Eds). Interdisciplinarity, Creativity and Learning. Information Age Publishing, Charlotte, NC.


Woodland Management at Oakley Wood and Frequently Asked Questions
Oakley Wood family walk Steven Cheshire
Steven Cheshire
Woodland Management
Oakley Wood
Managing Oakley Wood
Woodlands have been essential to people for thousands of years. They are used for timber, fuel and shelter, and more recently for public recreation as well. We know woodlands play an important functional role in securing carbon, purifying the air we breathe and also helping prevent flooding.
Historically much of the woodland in Britain and across Warwickshire has been lost. That which remains may have suffered through both lack of management or wholesale removal of trees. In addition the planting and or colonisation of non-native trees may have reduced the native wildlife that woodlands can support.
Warwickshire is now among the least wooded counties in the UK, which as a country is one of the least wooded in Europe. This makes the woodlands of Warwickshire precious and important within the landscape.
Warwickshire Wildlife Trust is committed to maintaining and enhancing the woodlands under our management, and where appropriate restoring those woodlands, which may have suffered in the past, to be more in keeping with native British broadleaved woodland. In the case of Oakley Wood, which is managed by the Wildlife Trust in partnership with the owner Warwick District Council, and supported by the Friends of Oakley Wood, there is an increased emphasis on the value of the site as an amenity and wildlife resource for the local community.
Oakley Wood is managed with an overall ambition to restore the site to native broadleaves. Recent management has focused on thinning to reduce the proportion of conifers and promote natural regeneration. Other works include widening of rides and clearing around ponds aimed at improving the wildlife value of the site.
Frequently Asked Questions
Read on for answers to your questions about how we manage our woodlands.
Why are trees being cut down?
All woodlands in the UK have been managed through felling trees at some stage in their life. Indeed, the reasons people and wildlife may benefit from a particular woodland could be due to the way it has been managed in its past. For example, large veteran oaks provide much visual and wildlife value, but would not exist without the felling of trees around them over their life time.
One of the main aims of our woodland management is to create woodland that is made up of trees of varying heights, ages and species. By doing this we are creating a wide range of places (habitats) where different plants and animals can co-exist.
Woodlands made up of similar sized and aged trees with little variation in tree species can only support a limited number of plant and animal species. By actively managing woodlands through tree felling we are able to create light and shade, wetter and drier areas and ensure varied structure to the woodland, which will support a much greater range of woodland species. Native British broadleaf woodlands also support much more wildlife than non-native conifers, which is why conifers will slowly be thinned out at Oakley Wood. We are also protecting woodlands for the future by allowing space for the next generation of trees to replace those that exist now. We will be planting a mix of native broadleaved species which will help make the woodland resistant to diseases and pests that target individual tree species.
Why can't woodlands be left alone to be "natural"?
Much of the woodland wildlife that is now endangered used to rely on key natural processes to survive. These could include trees naturally falling over to create light for wildflowers and shrubs, large herbivores keeping areas open through grazing, and dead and decaying wood providing habitat for insects.
The woodlands that remain in the UK are only fragments of huge sprawling woodlands of the past, and many important species that drive natural processes have been lost. This means that the conditions that endangered species used to rely on occur less frequently in individual woodlands. This has contributed to a significant decline in woodland wildlife.
Our work aims to recreate the right conditions to prevent the further loss of wildlife. We do this through a variety of traditional techniques including felling trees, creating and cutting open areas, encouraging dead wood, and planting new trees. Science has shown that well managed woodlands hold a greater diversity of wildlife than unmanaged woodlands.
Of note, the woodland at Oakley Wood is not natural woodland. Most of the ancient woodland that existed here was felled to support the efforts of the first and second world wars. The woodland was then planted up as a non-native pine crop resulting in what we see today. This is known as a Plantation on Ancient Woodland Site (PAWS). Warwickshire Wildlife Trust and Warwick District Council are working to restore the site to resemble more closely what it previously would have looked like.
How does the use of machinery to fell trees impact the woodland and its important features?
Traditionally, woodlands were managed using low impact techniques such as felling by hand and moving wood with horses. This way of working is now no longer economical or sustainable and so where appropriate, machinery may be used to provide the required woodland management. Whilst the use of machinery can cause disturbance, not managing our woodlands to provide the right conditions would be more damaging to the wildlife that lives there. We also take many precautions to minimise the disturbance caused by machinery.
Before any work commences, areas are checked for sensitive wildlife, and workers are made aware of places to avoid. Tree felling is takes place outside of the bird nesting season and potential bat roosts are marked and left alone. Dedicated routes for moving machinery are also used to minimise disturbance to the soil, and any deep rutting is repaired before work is finished.
Oakley Wood includes the scheduled monument of Oakley Wood Camp, (a historic hillfort), which will eventually be managed as an open area with scattered feature trees. Any work within here will be carefully and sensitively planned with agreement from Historic England to ensure no damage is caused to the monument.
Why does it look so different after management?
Whilst the management of woodlands can cause a significant visual change in the short term, we must remember the importance of undertaking the management to ensure are woods are healthy for the long term. An area that has been managed may not return to how it looked for several decades as woodlands are slow growing and change over far longer periods. Whilst as humans we see the change and expect it to return to how it was quickly, woodlands work in centuries and therefore the work that we undertake now will be for the benefit of wildlife and people for generations to come.
Why do paths have to be closed?
Some paths may have to be closed temporarily as the work cannot be done safely without the exclusion of people. Workers operating machines may have limited visibility and trees being processed have the potential to fall on unaware pedestrians (or their dogs). We apologise for any inconvenience and try to make sure there are alternative routes available.
How is it decided which trees are cut down?
The woodland management carried out has been planned out in woodland management plans and felling licenses that have been approved by the Forestry Commission (the statutory body responsible for authorising this kind of work). These plans were created with the advice of the Forestry Commission and Natural England and with the help of woodland management consultants. They detail the different types of management (including tree felling selection) to be carried out throughout the woodland for the benefit of people and wildlife.
What impact does woodland management have on climate change?
To provide any form of useful carbon storage, woodlands need to exist and be protected in the long term, not just in the present. We recognise this, and sustainable management that protects and enhances our woodlands is the basis of our long term vision in our woodland strategy.
What this means is that the rate at which carbon is removed through tree felling is less than the rate at which it is stored in the trees, soils and other organic matter throughout the woodland. Furthermore, the tree felling work that adds resilience and wildlife benefit to our woodlands does not result in deforestation. This way the woodlands will not only contribute to tackling climate change now, but they will be around to do so over centuries to come.
Where is the timber going?
In order to sustainably manage our woodlands for people and wildlife in the long term, it is necessary to cover the costs of management. Timber generated from management is sold and money is reinvested into the woodland nature reserves. As a charity, we do not make a profit from selling timber or biomass. The money that is brought in pays for the tree felling itself as well as a range of activities such as improving access and signs, tree planting, tools and equipment, as well as other habitat management work that comes at a cost. Warwick District Council will be agreeing where any income is spent on Oakley wood.
A proportion of the wood is also left as standing and fallen dead wood which provides habitat to a range of wildlife, including birds, fungi, bats and insects. The dead wood further decays over a longer time period to provide the soils of the future.
How is ash dieback being dealt with?
Ash dieback is a disease that has been sweeping its way across the country killing off a majority of ash trees where it hits. The disease is spread by fungal spores and results in branches dying back and falling off and the eventual death of the tree in almost all cases. We recognise the damage to people, property and wildlife that this disease has the potential to cause and follow expert advice to take proactive steps that mitigate the effects.
Over time, ash trees infected with the disease become unpredictable, making them more dangerous and expensive to deal with the longer that they are left. Where ash trees in infected woodlands pose a threat to people and property, particularly on the sides of busy roads, we will


The Argument Against Fake Pee And Alternative Methods
The Argument Against Fake Pee And Alternative Methods
The Argument Against Fake Pee And Alternative Methods
If you're going to be a suspect in any type of investigation, whether it's an organized crime sting or a simple job interview, there is no doubt that you will be asked to submit to a drug test. It might sound like a no brainer and you may be tempted to just sign your name and go so far as to include the date of birth to prove your identity; however, doing so can have severe consequences if discovered by the investigative team. This is why many people choose instead to use a fake urine drug test, which you can obtain very cheaply and easily from any number of sources. With so many different suppliers around and so many different types of tests available, you can surely find a type that fits your needs.
In order to use a fake urine drug test, you first have to gather some information. A lot of people assume that they can simply take a few pills, show up at their job interview, and somehow pass a drug test. The reality is that while taking fake urine can help you pass a drug test, it also has serious legal implications. You are essentially using another person's life to try to pass a drug test. Even worse, these tests are subjective, meaning that what you think may be a false positive can easily be proven false after the fact.
Because of this, a lot of people choose to use fake urine drugs instead of taking the real thing. While a fake urine drug test won't help you pass your drug test and can even cause more legal problems if discovered, it is still a perfectly valid alternative to taking the real thing. If you have concerns about getting caught with a false urine drug test, it may be better to keep your mouth shut rather than to try and pass a drug test at all.
There are many reasons why someone might want to try using fake pee. For example, someone may be caught by a drug test at work and fired, only to find out that they used illegal narcotics. Instead of finding a new job, they turn to drugs. However, is using fake pee actually effective at getting people hooked on illegal drugs?
 Synthetic Urine Won't Help Drug Abuse!
No! That's not true at all. Excessive intake of illegal narcotics will in no way help someone pass a drug test. In fact, it can even make things worse. People who use narcotics excessively run the risk of getting arrested and convicted for possession of drugs, even if they're not actually addicted to them.
Does Using Fake Pee Work To Pass A Drug Test? So, if no one is actually impaired by drugs and they don't get arrested or convicted, does fake urine work as a means of getting people hooked on drugs? Yes, it does.
One of the best places to try fake urine is at your local strip club. If you go to a place that allows patrons to urinate on a "piss bank," which is just a large sheet of plastic with a hole in the center, you'll find that a lot of men and women are inclined to try this method. It's easy to perform, and no one has to know that you're trying to trick them. All it takes is a small amount of fake urine, which can be purchased at a drugstore. You simply drop the fake urine into the hole in the center of the pail, wait for a few seconds, and then catch it with your mouth before blowing it out.
The downside to this technique is that it doesn't actually fool the drug tests that are run at the drugstore. They know that there's no urine left in the can, so they won't look for it. Of course, if you try this at a jail house, it might fool them as well, but it won't fool the legal system. It might not even fool the jail nurse who examines you to ensure that you've actually taken drugs, but it will fool the court reporter who will transcribe the testimony of the police officer.
Another way that fake urine can be used at a strip club is at a day spa where you sign in and then go to the showers and spas where you relax while listening to music and soaking your feet in hot water. While in these hot tubs, you'll likely pass out in the dark if there isn't any real urine in your can. This can be an effective way to avoid a drug test at a day spa. Unfortunately, this technique also allows a pharmacist to mix some fake medication with the fake urine to give you a drug test while at the spa.
If you're wondering how to do this in a court of law, you can ask the pharmacist to mix a small amount of the fake urine with the actual urine that would have been in the can. This won't fool the court, and it won't fool the pharmacist. However, if you're trying to get a speeding ticket dismissed because of a DUI arrest, it could be worth a shot. You should discuss this option with a lawyer.
So, is it possible to pass a drug test by using fake urine? It's possible but not likely. It would probably fool one court house, but it might not fool every single court house. There are far too many other ways for a chemist or drugstore clerk to catch you in the act. Unless you really want to play the "snake oil" game, I suggest staying away from this option.
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jQuery Tests
These jQuery tests/quizes will help you to check how much you know, or don't know, about jQuery to prepare for the interviews. You may also go through jQuery tutorials before giving tests.
Each test contains MCQs, and you will get 1 point for each correct answer. There is no time limit for the tests.
jQuery selectors, methods, animation, DOM traversing, events, ajax, etc.
No of Questions: 20
Level: Easy
Start jQuery Test


surcoat, also spelled surcoteA man (left) wearing a surcoat with hanging sleeves and a woman (right) wearing a loose surcoat that reveals the sleeves of the garment underneath.Archives Photographiques, Parissleeved or sleeveless outer garment worn by European men and women during the 13th and 14th centuries. The surcoat for men was usually a tunic, or simple piece of material with a hole for the head, often worn over armour. For women, the surcoat was a more significant and characteristic garment, which originated in the 13th century as a voluminous outer cloak.
At the beginning of the 14th century, the armhole became a long vertical slit open to the hips, and the neck was cut low to create a narrow strip over the shoulders. The neck and armholes were frequently edged with fur or embroidery, sometimes elaborately. The skirt fell in loose folds from the hips. The sideless surcoat, popular for more than 90 years and often decorated with a row of buttons or jewels, offered an attractive contrast to the garment showing underneath.


Set a default area code or country code
You can use smart dialing to set a default area code and country code that's applied automatically to the contacts that you call, so you don't have to include a country code or area code with phone numbers that you add to the Contacts app.
 2. Tap Settings > Smart Dialing.
 3. Do any of the following:
 - To change the default country code, tap Country Code. Tap a country.
 - To change the default area code, in the Area Code field, type an area code.


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Text Frequency Stats: kiskisankiskisan
Click to view example texts found »
String frequency counts:
kiskisan :: 0
kiskisang :: 0
There is not enough data for this entry to determine if it is more common in formal or casual speech.?
About this Page:This page indicates the frequency of the related string(s) of text in a large sample text (24 million words) in the Tagalog language.
Caveat: This page counts the frequency of these strings with no regard to accent/stress in pronunciation (since accents and stresses are not indicated in our sample Tagalog texts). This means that words with different meanings for differently stressed syllables will show up with the same frequency indicator count. Use the frequency indicator with caution for words where the spelling is the same for multiple meanings or stress locations: it is likely one meaning is more frequent than the others, even though the frequency indicator posted here is the same.