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The Light Sussex Chicken
Light Sussex Hen, 30 x 24 painted paper collage on panel
Chickens were first domesticated in Southeast Asia some ten thousand years ago and from there spread to nearly every part of the world. They reached the borders of Europe around 3000 BCE and arrived in Britain sometime during the Iron Age around 500 BCE. But chickens did not become truly popular there as food until the Romans arrived a few hundred years later, and then chickens became VERY popular indeed. One of the oldest handwritten documents ever found in Britain was a shopping list given by a Roman commander to his slave instructing him to buy twenty chickens at the market and "if you can find nice ones, a hundred or two hundred eggs, if they are for sale there at a fair price." 1
The Vindolanda Tablets, found near Hadrian's Wall
The British Museum, UK. Photo by Michel Wal ©2008 (Wikimedia Commons)
In the southeast of England – Sussex, Kent, and Surrey –there were regional varieties of chickens which were commonly found on the small farms and in the villages of that area for a very long time. The Sussex breed of chicken was developed in the early nineteenth century from some of these very old varieties of chickens. The Sussex was initially developed as a meat bird, with crossbreeding to Dorking, Brahma, and Cochin to produce a chicken that would fatten readily in order to supply the ever expanding market of urban nineteenth century London. The demand for Sussex chickens was so great that they even had their own train to the city!
Although the Sussex was acknowledged as a breed in the first half of the nineteenth century, no formal breeders' club formed until 1903.
The very first poultry show, held in England in 1845, recognized these native birds: the Dorking, the Surrey, and the Kent or Old Sussex Fowl. Although the original Sussex Fowl was probably speckled, several color varieties were already developed, including the Red. The Sussex was mainly used as a table bird. 2
The Light Sussex was one of the first three standardized colour varieties, the others being the aforementioned speckled and the red. The Light was developed as a dual purpose bird by cross breeding with prolific egg-laying Mediterranean breeds, and is thus prized both for its table weight and good egg production. A hen from a productive line can lay more than 250 eggs per year.
Light Sussex Hen and Rooster, owned by Kevin MacFarlane
The Light Sussex is a stocky bird with soft feathers. Its plumage is mainly white with an attractive black pattern on the hackle feathers at the base of the neck. The wing tips are black, and so is the tail. The bird's skin colour is white. The legs are pale, as is the beak, but the comb and wattles are bright red. Roosters can weigh up to 4 kg (9 lbs). Hens are a bit smaller at approximately 3 kg (7 lbs). The birds are good foragers and do well in free range situations, but also adapt to confinement.
The Sussex came to Canada with settlers from Britain in the early nineteenth century. It is reputed that they were exported to Canada in large numbers at the behest of British bankers who were fearful of losing their investments when Canadian grain farmers suffered hard years and mass foreclosures on farms were a very real threat. Once the wheat crop had been removed, the Light Sussex chickens gleaned the harvested grain fields. Sometimes this second chicken 'crop' brought in more money than the wheat. For a time, the Light Sussex was the most popular dual purpose breed of chicken in both Canada and England. The Light Sussex never did take off in quite the same way in the United States, except on those farmsteads along the Canadian border. Its lack of popularity in the U.S. (and to some extent also in Quebec) was due to its white skin – the very reason it was prized by the British. 3
The Light Sussex was particularly popular in Canada during the 1940's when large numbers of the birds were imported to the country to be raised here in order to supply the desired white-skinned birds for the British market during Wartime. The Light Sussex, along with the Rhode Island Red, were the most significant commercial birds in Canada until the transition was made to modern hybrids in the mid-twentieth century. The Light Sussex is still used in the creation of some commercial hybrids. But the Light Sussex's status as most popular breed has long since gone and it is now found on the watch list of many livestock conservation groups, including that of Rare Breeds Canada, and what Sussex chickens remain are of limited genetic lineage.
1. Andrew Lawler, Why Did the Chicken Cross the World? P. 117, Atria Books
2. Janet Vorwald Dohner, Historic and Endangered Livestock and Poultry Breeds, p. 427, Yale University Press
3. Correspondence with Emily Robertson of True North Hatchery
Additional Sources:The Cambridge World History of Food (by K.F. Kiple & K.C. Ornelas, Cambridge University Press); Rare Breeds Survival Trust (_URL_)


text:
Two transgender women have been sexually assaulted while behind bars in male prisons.
Despite official guidance that states transgender women should not be placed in male general population, trans women in the UK are frequently forced to serve time in men's prisons.
According to reports, police are investigating two sexual assaults on trans women that took place in at HM Prison Littlehey, a Category C male sex offenders prison in Cambridgeshire.
According to The Sun, one of the women was sexually assaulted in her cell on September 3, while the second was propositioned by another prisoner and asked to perform a sex act.
A source told the newspaper: "Two allegations of very serious sexual assault in a short period is unprecedented.
"The prison is investigating and considering changes to the way it deals with transgender inmates."
A Ministry of Justice official said: "It would be inappropriate to comment further while investigations are ongoing."
In 2015, the government carried out a review the way trans people in prisons are dealt with, after two female prisoners died within weeks of each-other while being held in all-male facilities.
A third prisoner, Tara Hudson, was moved to a female facility after a public campaign.
The review, overseen by Peter Dawson of the Prison Reform Trust and Jay Stewart of Gendered Intelligence, led to reforms to National Offender Management Service procedures.
It directs: "People who are living in a gender different to that of their assigned sex at birth should, as a general presumption, be treated by offender management services according to the gender in which they identify.
"Clear, reasonable criteria should be applied from the outset for all transgender people who receive a binary (i.e. either a male or female) service from NOMS, where it is required.
"This process should be free from bias, follow a clear, recorded process and be undertaken by staff who have a sound basic awareness of transgender identity, with access to specialist advice."
However, despite the guidance, campaigners say little has changed – and there are still a number of trans women serving time in male prisons.
The NOMS document states that trans women can be sent to men's prisons if there is a 'lack of evidence' of their gender identity or if they are judged to be a threat.
It states: "There will be circumstances when a transgender person's location cannot be straightforwardly reconciled with their views.
"This may be due to a lack of evidence (or the presence of counter evidence) relating to the gender in which they identify and/or concerns raised via an assessment of all known risks, indicating they cannot be safely managed in a prison that does match their self-identified gender.
"Guidance on how NOMS staff weigh evidence and risk should accompany any new instruction.
"Decisions on the allocation of transgender people to binary services, especially custody, must include the possibility of a review and rapid remedy if it appears that the initial allocation might have an unforeseen and detrimental impact on the person's mental health or wellbeing, their social integration and access to services, or an impact on safety to themselves or the safety of others."
However, it directs: "Regardless of where prisoners are held, they should be respected in the gender in which they identify, being provided with those items that enable their gender expression."
In a previous statement, the MoJ said: "It is apparent that the treatment of transgender people in courts, probation and prison services has not kept pace with the development of a more general understanding of the issues surrounding gender in society.
"Policy in this area needs to evolve and take as its starting presumption a wish to respect someone in the gender in which they identify, once in the care of the criminal justice system.
"Allowing transgender offenders to experience the system in the gender in which they identify will, in the great majority of cases, represent the most humane and safest way to act.
"We believe it will also assist successful rehabilitation. In the minority of cases where that is not possible, the reasons for departing from this starting presumption must be clear, explicit and made known to the person they affect, especially when it involves assigning someone to a male or female prison."

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Using tip for Serial Terminal Access
tip command can be used to allow one Unix workstation to act as a serial
terminal for another Unix system. The following must be in place to allow
this to work between two Sun systems:
- The system to be observed should be halted. If a keyboard needs
to be removed from the system, the system should be powered off. (Some
older models will blow a keyboard fuse if the keyboard is removed while
the system is powered up.)
/etc/remote file on the observing machine needs to
hardwire line pointing to the correct serial port.
- By default, the file points at port b. In this case, the line should
- If serial port a is to be used, change the line to look like:
- A null modem cable should be run between serial port a on the system
that is under observation and the serial port configured in the
hardwire line on the observing
system. (A null modem cable interchanges wires 2 and 3 on one end.)
On the observer system type "
tip hardwire" in a window.
(It is best to use a windowed environment so that control of the system
can be regained in case of a session hang.) A "
message should be echoed to the window. If not, use admintool or
another utility to see if the serial port is already in use.
tip session should not be closed by killing the process,
the shell, or rebooting the observer machine. In these cases a
/var/spool/locks/LCK file may not be cleaned up properly,
which may prevent further
tip commands are:
(Other commands may be found on the
- ~. (end session)
- ~# (break--same as STOP-A)
- ~? (list all tip commands)
tip man page.)
The system to be observed/controlled can be powered up. If the
diag-switch? PROM environment variable is set to
true, hardware diagnostic data will be displayed to the
tip window. (See the
page for further information.)


text:
Here is a transcript from a recent 60 second science report from the Scientific American:
Groups with Good Social Skills Outperform the Merely Smart
Groups of two to five members who interacted with each other best outperformed groups whose individual members had higher intelligence scores.
Karen Hopkin reports:
If Alice is smart, and Bob's even smarter, working together they would A) be twice as smart, B) be half as smart or C) form a task force and get nothing done. According to new research, the answer is none of the above. It would actually depend on how well they get along.
What makes a group good at what it does? A team of scientists put their collective heads together and divided volunteers into groups of two to five. And they asked these groups to perform a variety of tasks, from brainstorming answers to questions like "What can you do with a brick?" to team typing blocks of complicated text.
What the researchers found is that the intelligence of individual group members was not a good predictor of how well the group as a whole performed. The teams that did best rated high in social sensitivity: their members interacted well, took turns speaking and included more females than groups that did poorly. The study is in the journal Science. [Anita Woolley et al., citation to come.]
So if you're looking for a recipe for group smart, don't automatically reach for the biggest brains. Try adding some heart. And at least one person who knows what to do with a brick.
Thank you Frédéric Domo for sharing this via Linked In.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Tour Fenghuang Ancient Town
Located in the southwest of Hunan province, at the foot of a mountain and along the banks of Tuojiang River, Fenghuang is an ancient town with long history. The town is named after the mountain shaping like a flying phoenix behind the town. With quite a long history, the town is particularly well-preserved with many distinctive architectural remains of Ming and Qing styles. There are well-preserved ancient residential buildings with the history over 200 years, ancient lanes and alleys, as well as ancient town walls in the Fenghuang Ancient Town. Besides, the town harbors many unique ethnic languages, customs and folk arts.
What to See in Fenghuang Ancient Town
Tuojiang River
The Tuojiang River is the largest river within Fenghuang County. It is the mother river for the ancient town Fenghuang. It would make you feel like traveling in a scroll painting to get on the local boat, enjoying the folk songs sung by the helmsman, watch the unique stilted houses of Tujia Nationality all along the river bank.
The ancient town
The town is with long history. You can feel its history in every corner of the town. The city wall along the south bank of the Tuojiang River is built with mauve stones and sands, presenting an elegant and marvelous style. Tow ancient towers with distinct Qing Dynasty style sit at the east and north part of the city wall respectively.
Gate Towers
There are four ancient city gates in the town, protecting the town from ancient times.
Museums, Temples and Former Residences of Celebrities
You can find many mesuems, temples and formaer residences of celebrities in the ancient city. They are all free tickets.
Hongqiao Bridge
With a classic designing of three arches, the bridge is also called Wind and Rain Bridge.
 Fenghuang Old Town
Things to do in Fenghuang Ancient Town
Tasting ginger candy
The ginger candy is a well-known local snack in Fenghuang. The procedure of it is all man-made, with a history of more than 100 years.
Trying local dish
One of the most famous local dishes is the Xuepaya, a dish made by sticky rice, duck blood and duck meat.
Rafting on the Tuojiang River
There are many local style buildings (they call Diaojiaolou, a kind of stilted building of Miao, Buyi, Dong and Tujia minorities) along banks of the Tuojiang River. Some of these building are with the history of more than 100 years. You can take a closer look at the real life of local people and culture of the ancient town by rafting on the Tuojiang River.
Fenghuang Old Town
Weather of Fenghuang Ancient Town
Fenghuang has a subtropical monsoon humid climate featured distinct four seasons, sufficient rainfall and abundant sunshine. With an average temperature of 16 Celsius degrees, it is a place that suitable for travel in all seasons. In spring, the weather is quite fine with a temperature of about 20 Celsius degree. The plants turn to green and the beautiful Tuojiang River is often under the mist and fog in the early morning. In autumn, the temperature decrease to cool from the hot summer and at the same time, all tasty wild fruits are ripe and sold in the streets. In winter, if it snows, the whitening Fenghuang is of great charming.
 Fenghuang Ancient City Dragon Boat Race
How to Get Fenghuang
By air
There is no airport in Fenghuang now. However, you can take flights to the three airports near Fenghuang, and then take bus to Fenghuang Ancient Town. These airports are: Zhangjiajie Hehua International Airport, Changsha Huanghua International Airport and Tongren Fenghuang Airport.
By train
There is no train station in Fenghuang. You have to transit through the nearby cities of Jishou, Huaihua or Tongren in Guizhou. Jishou is the closest and it seems that most travelers arrived by train from Changsha, Zhangjiajie or Nanning.
By bus
Fenghuang is directly connected by bus to most cities of Hunan province including Changsha (mostly from Changsha West Bus Station), Changde, Wulingyuan (Wulingyuan Bus Station is in Wulingyuan District of Zhangjiajie), Zhangjiajie (Zhangjiajie Central Bus Station is in Yongding District), Huaihua and Jishou. Jishou is the main town near Fenghuang, just taking 45 minutes of driving to arrive at Fenghuang Ancient Town.
Fenghuang Old Town
Travel Tips
1. Coins can not be used in the ancient town so please bring paper money. All the shops, restaurants, inns and hotels accecpt Alipay and Wechatpay.
2. Don't accept the free services or gifts like the joss sticks and candles burning at a temple as you will finally pay a lot for it.
3. Take care for the butter-tonsiled drivers, service suppliers and never trust on cheap tickets or the so-called perfect extra itineraries.
4. Never open your umbrella while visiting the local peoples' houses and don't step on the door sills.
5. Take a coat, umbrella or raincoat when you visit Fenghuang as it often rains and there is still wind at night due to the location and climate in Fenghuang.
Fenghuang night view
Sample Fenghuang Tours
6-day Fascinating Zhangjiajie & Fenghuang Tour
9-day Shanghai Zhangjiajie Fenghuang Tour
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I'm having problem with an SqLite and metro8 application. How can i execute a query (Select) on the SqLite database?
Insert work fine (its just db.Insert(something)), but have no idea how to select values that where just inserted.
var db1 = new SQLite.SQLiteConnection(dbpath);
there is a method called :
db1.Execute(TableMapping map, string query, params object args)
But what are the tablemapping and params arguments in that method?
Thank you for any answer!


Pre-Shot Golf Routine
Home / Golf Tips / Pre-Shot Golf Routine
Pre-Shot Golf Routine
Pre-Shot Golf Routine: How Important Is It?
If you've read any golf psychology books you'll notice how each stresses the importance of a consistence pre-shot golf routine. Bob Rotella, a famous writer about golf psychology talks about the pre-shot golf routine in much detail. So if you're unfamiliar with a what a pre-shot routine in golf is, it is basically a sequence of steps or actions that you take before every single shot during your round. Every golfer has their own particular pre-shot routine, this can include alignment, the number of practice swings, waggles over the ball, as well as the timing of each movement or event. This all happens before actually hit your golf shot.
Why is a pre-shot golf routine important? A pre-shot routine basically makes you only focus on each step of your pre-shot routine. It helps to eliminate any bad or negative thoughts, nervousness, etc. before hitting your shot. A lot of golfers will step up to the tee and see white out of bounds stakes right or maybe there is a lake you need to carry and then you only start to focus on avoiding those obstacles. So if you see out of bounds stakes right, you may make a swing that overcompensates and you end up in the left woods. Or if you're thinking about hitting it over a lake 200 yards away when you're average carry is 220 yards away you may swing to hard to make sure you hit it over the lake when you really just needed to get up to the ball and take your normal swing. The pre-shot golf routine helps prevent these negative thoughts. It forces you to focus and only focus on the certain steps of your pre-shot routine and if you're focusing on those simple, yet relevant tasks you're not thinking about the lake you have to carry or preventing yourself from slicing the ball out of bounds to the right.
If you watch any golf professionals during a PGA Tournament on television you'll notice they all have a pre-shot routine. Each one has different steps and mannerisms before they step up and begin their actual backswing of the shot at hand.
Pre-Shot Golf Routine
So what can a pre-shot routine actually consist of? There can be very few steps you take during your pre-shot routine or there can be more. It all depends on the type of golfer. Once you have your club selection and you're confident you have the correct club you can start your pre-shot routine. This can start with alignment. Some golfers prefer 1-3 practice swings and some take their practice swings behind the ball, while others may take their practice swings right next to the ball lining up to the target. It can also include any current swing thoughts you have. Maybe you've been working on a move in your backswing that you repeat three times for muscle memory right before you step up to the ball. Once you step up and actually rest your club behind the ball, you may have a certain number of waggles, and you may also have a certain number of times you look at the target.
A good example of a pre-shot golf routine to start with if you've never had one before would be as follows. Choose your club selection and be confident with it before you start your pre-shot routine. If you go through your pre-shot routine and are about to swing but feel a wind gust, step back, re-think your golf club selection and start your pre-shot routine all over. This also includes any distractions during your pre-shot routine, just step back and start it over. So now that you have your club, take 1 or 2 practice swings. Then stand behind the ball and pick your alignment, a lot of golfers will pick a blade of grass 1 foot in front of the ball. That way when you step up to the ball you're only aligning your clubface to a blade of grass 1 foot in front of the ball. This is much easier than looking back and forth and at a target and trying to line up correctly. Then you take one waggle, one last look, at the target, visualize your perfect shot and take your swing.
This is just an example but it's a starting point to developing your own pre-shot golf routine. You can alter it in any way you want. You can also watch your favorite PGA Tour player on TV for tips as well. Also a lot of golfers will develop their pre-shot routine based how quickly they play. If you typically are a fast player on the course your pre-shot routine might be very simple. Sometimes this also helps with you giving you less time for negative thoughts. Or if you are a slower player who is very meticulous and likes to take your time, you may take a few more relaxed practice swings and take your time with each detail of your pre-shot routine. If you're that type of golfer a fast-paced, quick pre-shot routine probably doesn't make sense. You do not want to feel rushed during your pre-shot routine, you should feel relaxed and focused only on the next step of your routine.
It is also worthy to note that some players have different pre-shot routines for full swings, chipping, sand shots, or putting on the green. However, it's still important to have a solid consistent pre-shot routine for every type of shot. For chipping, one part of your pre-shot routine you may walk up to the green and determine exactly where you want the golf ball to land. You may take extra practice swings to get the feel of the shot so you hit it with the correct force and achieve the correct distance. For putting you may read a putt from behind the ball, then behind the hole. You may stand over the ball once to get a feel for the putt, then step back from the ball and focus on alignment. Regardless of all of this make sure all of your pre-shot routines are consistent and literally become second nature.
You may also find that over time you add steps or remove steps from your pre-shot routine. This is perfectly fine, you may be working on take your club back low and slow, so you add that move in and repeat it 3 times for added confidence and muscle memory. Developing a solid pre-shot routine may take some time before you are 100% comfortable and confident you have it perfected. You want it to mimic your style as a golfer, but once you have it down and consistently apply it to each shot you'll continually see improvement. You also should practice it and not only make sure you apply it to every single shot on the course but you should also go through your pre-shot routine while on the driving range. This will force you to not only solidify your pre-shot routine but also makes sure you are practicing properly on the range and thinking about every shot. It's important to practice with a purpose and rushing through a bucket of balls just to say you practiced today isn't helping. So start to begin forming and practicing your pre-shot routine today and you'll begin to notice a lot of improvement in your scores as well as your course management and the mental aspects of golf.
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Question from munaz_rahman
What are zone points for?
What are zone points for and what do they do?
Accepted Answer
BadProfessional answered:
Zone points increase your In The Zone multiplier, which makes the speed breaker more effective as well as increasing it's duration. They also add to the Wheelman points when you win a race, increasing your wheelman level.
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Possible Duplicate:
Why is it "geometric" but "theoretical"?
A Google search was not immediately helpful, but I found this document: _URL_
According to this, a Standards Guide by the American Academy of Neurology, neurologic is preferred over neurological.
Is there any difference between these two words? If so, what is it? When should I use which and why?
share|improve this question
marked as duplicate by J.R., MετάEd, tchrist, Marthaª, Mahnax Aug 28 '12 at 16:30
For what it's worth, I read neuroscience literature occasionally and have taken a graduate class in it, and I can't recall ever seeing neurologic, though neurological is used often. I can't think of an instance where the meaning changes. – Rachel Aug 25 '12 at 5:52
Interesting. I work in Pharmacy & often see both. In newer materials, I feel as though I see neurologic much more frequently than neurological. – aelephant Aug 25 '12 at 5:54
After some more thought, I've probably seen neurologic disorder, though not as often as the other. Other places where neurological seems a bit wrong or clumsy, e.g., to modify pathways, neural or even neuronal come to mind as more apt and common (though the latter two have very slightly different meanings from each other). – Rachel Aug 25 '12 at 6:00
It might be a usage bias of mine (which is perhaps affecting my memory). I highly prefer to say neurological myself. I have also noticed that I habitually use morhpological instead of morphologic. But I don't say semantical or syntactical, so who knows. Maybe there's no method to my madness. – Rachel Aug 25 '12 at 6:05
I don't get some of our close-voters: not constructive??? WTF? – Marthaª Aug 25 '12 at 14:27
3 Answers 3
In my experience with the medical community and scientific literature, neurological is a far more common adjective than neurologic. However, as far as I can tell, both words are equally correct when used to refer to the study of, or anything pertaining to, the nervous system. But a quick example might help to illustrate the relative prevalence of the two.
A pubmed.org search for scientific papers with titles containing neurological yields about 20,000 responses; an identical search for neurologic yields 10,000. By that token, neurological is twice as common as neurologic.
The bottom line is: you can't go wrong with either.
share|improve this answer
Thanks for the research, it didn't occur to me to search for prevalence on pubmed. I think I have a personal preference for "neurologic" just because it is shorter. If the 2 words mean the same thing & "neurologic" saves space & keystrokes, why not use it? – aelephant Aug 25 '12 at 6:45
_USER_: I'm not sure that "saving two keystrokes" is a good reason to choose one over the other. It might be best to do some additional research first – like this – and see if those in the field follow conventions. I believe you can go wrong – if, at a conference for neurologists, you pick one that's seldom used, or opt to save two keystrokes in the title of a paper, thereby taking a credibility hit. – J.R. Aug 25 '12 at 8:22
Searches on google (for lone words or phrases) return even wider disparities. If are curious about speakers' preferences, it occured to me that their prosodic patterns might play a role. This seems to hold true for my own case. It also could explain why you might find preferences varying depending on the surrounding words (when this isn't explained by something else like a phrase becoming fixed). – Rachel Aug 25 '12 at 8:23
Very cool J.R.! I didn't even know Google Ngram existed! I added "neurologic toxicity" & "neurological toxicity" to the search here & found that neurologic toxicity is more commonly used, so it appears to be context-specific. – aelephant Aug 25 '12 at 8:29
_USER_: A pubmed.org search for papers with neurological research in the abstract/title returned 142 papers, while those with neurologic research returned only 25. I won't argue that you're wrong, because I don't know enough about the subject, but I will point out that your bottom line seems like a hastily-drawn conclusion after so little research. – J.R. Aug 25 '12 at 8:41
As you point out, in the American Academy of Neurology Writing Styles And Standards Guide, available online at _URL_ there is the entry on page 11:
Neurologic vs. Neurological — The word neurologic is preferred to neurological when used as an adjective.
I don't think it gets any more authoritative in this field than that. It is a preference, a style decision.
For what it's worth, we use neurologic in our veterinary publications, too. We consider it a style decision. When we copyedit manuscripts, we change neurological to neurologic (unless the word is part of a cited reference title, of course.) Neither form is "wrong," it's just a preference, and we try to be consistent.
We also use, for example, endocrinologic instead of endocrinological and radiologic instead of radiological.
share|improve this answer
As I understand it, this is similar to the historic/historical situation.
Neurological is the adjective for the discipline of neurology - neurology-cal, and neurologic is the adjective for neural. The medical problems are neurologic diseases, possibly discovered by a neurological examination
Curiously, my unabridged Collins doesn't even list neurologic, but has neurological for both neural and neurology. Princeton Wordnet lists both, but with identical definitions.
share|improve this answer
I don't think you can make the distinction you make in your sentence with the links. You link to two different organizations' sites. They probably have chosen one over the other for their style. – JLG Aug 25 '12 at 14:19
That is true only if you assume that the distinction is purely one of style. You describe the style guide below as not getting 'any more authoritative in this field than that', but I see style guides as being inherently un-authoritative, partly because they are frequently contradicted by academic writing (which I see as more authoritative), and partly because they invariably contradict each other. As they can't all be right, what grounds do you have for saying any particular one is the ultimate authority? – Roaring Fish Aug 25 '12 at 14:29
I do think it is a matter of style. And I think if you want to be in line with the "big dog" in a field, then in the field of neurology, the AAN is it. Your use of links from two different sources doesn't prove your assertion that one term is for the discipline and one is for the disease (or whatever your distinction between the terms was meant to be). It just shows that two different organizations chose different styles. If you search the Boston Children's Hospital site (your link for neurological examination), you'll also find "neurological disease" used. – JLG Aug 25 '12 at 14:38
Interesting factoid: Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 30th Edition, doesn't list neurological at all. It just has neurologic: pertaining to neurology or to the nervous system. – JLG Aug 25 '12 at 14:44
As I said earlier, Collins Unabridged has it the other way - they can't both be right. I agree that if you want to submit material you follow the style guide. The point I was making is that a style guide is not an academic authority that can be used as 'proof' of anything. – Roaring Fish Aug 25 '12 at 15:05


text:
In marketing, a coupon is a ticket or document that can be exchanged for a financial discount or rebate when purchasing a product.
Customarily, coupons are issued by manufacturers of consumer packaged goods or by retailers, to be used in retail stores as a part of sales promotions.
They are often widely distributed through mail, magazines, newspapers, the Internet, and mobile devices such as cell phones. Internet coupons have become popular recently, because there is no postal cost, and the printing cost is borne by the user (who prints the coupons) rather than the businesses issuing them.
With the help of Coupons tab, you can manage your VirtueMart consumers Coupons.
The main operations you can perform in the corresponding section of Store Manager are Refresh, Add, Edit, Delete Coupons:
When you press Add or Edit buttons Store Manager calls 'Edit Coupon' window:
'Coupon Properties' form includes:
- Coupon ID.
- Published - you can tick this checkbox if rule works or leave blank, if it does not work. Can be used for seasonal changes in prices.
- Coupon Code - unique number, that is automatically is provided by Store Manager.
- Value - enter your coupon value or calculate it.
- Percent or Total - establish the percentage or total equivalent of your coupon.
- Coupon Type - specify the type of coupon as a permanent or one-time gift.
- Minimum Total Order.
- Start and Expires date of the coupon.
Press 'Apply' button to save changes.


text:
theoretical and percent yield
You learned how to calculate theoretical yield and percent yield in general chemistry lab. Since chemistry is a cumulative discipline, we expect students to remember topics from previous chemistry course. Anyway, here is a brief recap:
write the balanced chemical equation of the reaction
if there is more than one product, determine which one (or ones) are the products of interest. If one of the products is organic and the other is inorganic, in an organic chemistry synthesis the product of interest will be the organic compound (duh...). If you are not certain which is the desired product, read the introduction to the procedure again.
determine the moles of each reactant you will use using literature physical constants (i.e. density, MW). This includes any inorganic reactants, but not any catalysts used or reaction solvents.
determine which reactant is the limiting reagent
determine the moles of product expected using the balanced equation of reaction and the moles of limiting reagent. This is the theoretical yield, expressed in moles. This can also be expressed in units of mass using the literature MW of the product.
use the mass of product obtained to determine the percent yield:
percent yield = grams of product obtained X
theoretical yield (in grams)
or convert the mass of product obtained to the moles of products obtained (using the MW of the product) to determine the percent yield:
percent yield = moles of product obtained X 100%
theoretical yield (in moles)


text:
This fun Peppa Pig activity book series are perfect for young readers who are learning from home and are beginning to write, this book will help children to practise pen control and the correct formation of letters, including help for left-handers.
Each page has shiny, wipe-clean pages and a special pen to make practising as easy as A, B, C!
Each page provides practice of themed words that children will come across, both at school and in the Peppa world, to help support school and home learning.
Help your child to trace over the words/numbers/times or write them out, then wipe the pages clean using the special eraser on top of the pen and practise again!
This book is perfect for helping to support children as they learn to spell simple English words or numbers at home.
- Paperback | 16 pages
- 215 x 297 x 11mm


Quick Answer: How Many People Did Bubonic Plague Kill?
Did anyone recover from the Black Death?
What was the last pandemic in the USA?
How long did the 1918 flu last?
Has the US ever had a pandemic?
There have been multiple pandemic and epidemic outbreaks in recent history, including the 1918 influenza pandemic, the 2003 SARS-CoV outbreak, and most recently, the COVID-19 pandemic.
What made the 1918 flu so deadly?
How did bubonic plague end?
Does bubonic plague still exist?
But as long as you don't touch an animal that has the plague bacteria, your chances of getting it are incredibly low. The plague is extremely rare. Only a couple thousand cases are reported worldwide each year, most of which are in Africa, India, and Peru.
How many cases of bubonic plague were there in 2018?
What stopped the Great Plague?
How long did the last plague last?
The Black Death (also known as the Pestilence, the Great Mortality, or the Plague) was the deadliest pandemic recorded in human history. The Black Death pandemic resulted in the deaths of up to 75–200 million people in Eurasia and North Africa, peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351.
How long did bubonic plague last?


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If we assume space is flat the volume of Earth is:
$$ V = \frac{4 \pi R^3}{3} = \frac{4 \pi (6378.1 km)^3}{3} = 1.086 \times 10^{21} m^3 $$
The Einstein field equations, however, predict that the presence of matter warps space-time. As I understand it, the hyperbolic geometry means that the actual volume will be smaller than that predicted by the radius with the above equation, because the space in the center of the Earth (and around the Earth) is "dimpled". How much will these two volumes differ by?
There would be different ways to answer this question, depending on how you define "radius". There is one sense, where you could drop a measuring tape from the surface to the center of the Earth, and I think this would be the "proper" length. This is my preferred definition, but I think it would be the most complicated to answer. Otherwise, you could use the universal coordinates from someone far from Earth, which would give a smaller measure of radius. Another, more meaningful, way might be to take radius from the circumference as measured by us on Earth $R=C/(2 \pi)$, in which case the real volume would be greater than the naive $4 \pi R^3/3$ number. I welcome correction on any of these predictions.
I thought it could be done easily after discovering Flamm's paraboloid, but my attempts have so far failed. For reference, this shape describes the shape of space if the "extra" space were extended out into another dimension, $w$.
the space curvature
$$ w = 2 \sqrt{r_{s} \left( r - r_{s} \right)}. $$
Specific to Earth:
$$ r_s = \frac{2 GM}{c^2} = 8.868 \text{mm} $$
This shape, however, is only valid past $R$, and some kind of clever corrections would be needed to get around this fact. I originally wanted to ask what the added volume would be over the entire Schwarzschild metric compared to flat space (meaning from $r=R$ to $r=\infty$). It looks like that would be infinity, so I didn't ask that question.
So in short, how much does general relativity math change the volume by Earth by? Is it really tiny? Is it huge? This is exciting to know!
share|improve this question
Love the question! My first thought is that an accurate answer to this would require a determination of the metric inside the Earth, which is not Schwarzschild; it would have to be a non-vacuum solution to the Einstein equation. I'm not sure how much is known about such solutions. But since the curvature is so low it might (should?) be possible to make a perturbative estimate of the factor you're asking for without knowing the exact metric. – David Z Sep 13 '12 at 17:25
_USER_ I don't know if you can easily turn this into the field equations, but the obvious Newtonian form for gravity in Earth is $\propto r$. Funny enough, due to the crazy distribution of Earth's matter, gravity actually increases as you go down into the crust. Obviously, I think we should seek the homogenous sphere answer. IMO, first thing I think someone should do is trash $w(r)$ and only use $dw/dr$, which I hope would be unaffected by the symmetrically distributed matter everywhere $>r$. But that's part of my problem, I don't know what rules still apply. – AlanSE Sep 13 '12 at 18:33
add comment
1 Answer
To start out, we can quickly simplify the equation for the surface. The $r_s$ metric is laughably small compared to Earth-scale dimension, so when we add those two it can be simply ignored.
$$ w(r) = 2\sqrt{ r_s (r+r_s) } \approx 2\sqrt{ r_s r}$$
We would like to apply this to the interior of the Earth but obviously we can't. GR only gives the curvature of space, the equation above is a constructed form of the surface that satisfies that curvature. So I'll work backwards here to get an equation for the curvature. That's not all though. If we're looking at some point in the interior of the Earth, only the matter below that point contributes to the gravitational field, and thus the curvature.
$$ \frac{dw}{dr} = \frac{\sqrt{r_s}}{2 \sqrt{r}} $$
$$ r_s = \frac{ 2 G M(r) }{ c^2 } $$
$$ M(r) = \rho \frac{4}{3} \pi r^3 $$
$$\frac{dw}{dr} = \sqrt{\frac{2G \pi \rho}{3 c^2} } r = \alpha r = (2.9 \times 10^{-12} 1/m ) r $$
Here, $\alpha$ comes out to a physical constant that is easy to calculate. This metric is for curvature. It is the rise to run for the surface in the extra dimension.
$$ ds = \sqrt{1+\left( \frac{dw}{dr} \right)^2 } dr \approx \left( 1 + \frac{1}{2} \left( \frac{dw}{dr} \right)^2 \right) dr = \left( 1 + \frac{\alpha^2}{2}r^2 \right) dr$$
The Volume of a normal sphere is:
$$ V = \int_0^R 4 \pi r^2 dr = \frac{4 \pi R^3 }{3}$$
In doing the correct integral with GR we integrate about $ds$. I should note, the radius is a difficult value to pin down, as I discussed in the question. I'll use $R'$ notation, but I'm really going to continue from this point with $R'=R$. If you disagree with this, this would be the point you'd want to pick the calcs up. My position for making these radii the same is to get the circumference the same. Keep in mind, the w-axis offset of $w(r)$ is arbitrary, so I can claim it intersects the r-axis at the surface of Earth. In this way, $R$ is a straight line in 4-dimension space (3 space plus the fictitious buckling dimension) from the surface to "under" the center of the Earth. The thing that is preserved with this method is the circumference and the surface area of Earth, which are the only values Earthlings have direct measurement of. I also made an illustration to convince you of this (I needed it myself).
The Earth is a bowl
$$ V' = \int_0^{R'} 4 \pi r^2 ds = \int_0^{R} 4 \pi r^2 \left( 1 + \frac{\alpha^2}{2}r^2 \right) dr $$
Subtract the normal volume to find the difference.
$$ \Delta V = V' -V = \int_0^R 4 \pi r^2 \frac{\alpha^2}{2}r^2 dr =\frac{4 \pi \alpha^2}{2} \int_0^R r^4 dr $$
$$ \Delta V = \frac{4 \pi \alpha^2 R^5}{10} = \frac{4 G \pi^2 \rho R^5}{15 c^2} = \frac{ G M \pi R^2}{5 c^2} = 113 km^3 $$
This comes out to 113.33 km^3, or 1000 Strategic Petroleum Reserves (I stand corrected on this point). This is a common size for lakes around the world.
Coincidentally, the same calculation for the sun yields about half the volume of the Earth.
share|improve this answer
The SPR contains 110,640,000 m^3 ~= 0.11 km^3. But there are lots of things that must remain hidden... :P – mmc Sep 14 '12 at 15:46
Your comment 'laughably small' made me look up the Schwarzschild Radius of the Earth. Turns out $r_s = 8.87*10^{-3} = 9mm$ – Ehryk Sep 14 '12 at 15:52
The formula for the integral should be $\int \epsilon_{abcd}\sqrt{|det(g)|}t^{a}dr^{a}d\theta^{b}d\phi^{c}$, where $t^{a}$ is the unit timelike normal. For most of the Schwarzschild-y coordinate systems, det(g) = -1, so this will come out to $\int \frac{4\pi r^{2}}{\sqrt{|g_{tt}|}}dr$ after you use the spherical symmetry to your advantage, which differs from the expression you use. – Jerry Schirmer Dec 13 '12 at 21:48
_USER_ I was returning to the basics of Einstein notation to get what that means in terms of $r$, but it's still beyond me. What is $g_{t,t}$ in


text:
IMHU: The Oxford Workshop
Wednesday, August 10th and Thursday 11th, 2016 8:30-17:00
Venue: Quaker Meeting House, Oxford
Improv for Humanity was established in 2014 at the Applied Improvisation Network Conference in Austin by a small group of members who were interested in creating a forum for people to discuss how improvisation is being applied to address the vast array of challenges facing us––from refugee crises and climate change, to disaster preparedness and working with vulnerable populations. This year at the AIN conference we will be partnering with the Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre to organize a specially-convened professional workshop. The workshop will bring together members of AIN, the Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, those working in the humanitarian sector, and others interested in using applied improvisation pro-social impact and innovation.
With the increase in both natural and human driven disasters, the need to tackle some of our most entrenched humanitarian issues is growing. In a world characterized by increasing complexity and uncertainty, there is a need for new and creative ways to increase our capacity to positively impact communities at risk. Humanitarians are often seeking different ways of responding to our most serious issues, hoping to more successfully anticipate, absorb and adapt to the range of events around us. One innovative method, increasingly used in non-governmental organisations, community settings, academia, private industry, and governmental sectors is called Applied Improvisation.
To increase awareness of and capacity in this dynamic methodology, Improv for Humanity, in collaboration with the Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre and the Applied Improvisation Network invite you to a specially-convened professional workshop to explore how you and your organisation can become more adaptable, flexible, spontaneous and resilient and can use these new tools and strategies for increasing these capacities in the communities with whom you work. A wide range of humanitarian contexts will be explored and there will be a particular focus on linking the humanitarian sphere with the climate resilience agenda.
Workshop objectives include:
- Developing a common understanding of the humanitarian context and the benefits and challenges of using applied improvisation techniques,
- Exploring how improvisation techniques can build resilience amongst humanitarian workers, and affected communities, before, during, and after disasters,
- Designing and implementing creative and dynamic activities that engage communities and partners and illuminate even the most serious issue,
- Learning facilitation tips, tricks, techniques relevant for engaging diverse groups within and beyond humanitarian sector,
- Applying improvisation techniques in facilitation, capacity building and training, monitoring and evaluation, and learning events.
The workshop will also include a Design Lab, where you can bring actual, real-world situations and issues to see how improvisation techniques might be helpful. You will interact with other professionals from the humanitarian sector and experts in creativity and applied improvisation.
Keywords: humanitarian, pro-social, climate change, innovation


text:
This 298-acre preserve contains outstanding Chesapeake Bay beach, dune, and maritime forest communities, migratory songbird habitat, and an exemplary population of northeastern beach tiger beetles.
There is a parking lot at the entrance to the preserve and three marked hiking trails with interpretive signage.
Savage Neck Natural Area Preserve with its mile of Chesapeake Bay shoreline is special for its unusual bay-side dunes and associated plant communities, and because it supports one of the most important conservation areas in the world for the federally threatened northeastern beach tiger beetle (Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis). The diverse maritime plant communities on the preserve represent highly important habitats for migratory birds.
Visitors can take a 0.75-mile, marked trail through some of the highest sand dunes on the Eastern Shore. In the fall, the annual Eastern Shore Birding and Wildlife Festival provides a wonderful opportunity for birdwatchers to visit Savage Neck Dunes and see a variety of neo-tropical warblers and other migratory songbirds.
Last Updated: 4/9/2013 11:52 AM


text:
|NATIONAL PARKS QUICKLINKS|
Backpacker Magazine – October 2008
When a storm comes out of nowhere, learn how to handle the unexpected.
3. Reading the weather
WRONG: Ignore those clouds building on the horizon–the summit is just an hour away!
RIGHT: Watch for thick, dark, anvil-shaped clouds. If bad weather seems to be blowing in, stop and do a "pre-mortem": If a storm obscures visibility, will you be able to find your way back down? Will you be exposed to lightning? Keep track of warning signs, such as dropping temperatures and increased winds, and use them to convince summit-fevered partners to turn back.
How to spot a coming storm
A. Altostratus: These high, gray clouds often cover the entire sky and indicate prolonged rain or snow is on the way.
B. Nimbostratus: These low, thick, gray clouds block most sunlight and usually bring steady, lightto mediumintensity rain or snow.
C. Cumulonimbus: These towering, anvil-shaped clouds can produce lightning, snow, heavy rain, and hail.
4. Deciding to stay or go
WRONG: Strike out blindly into the storm, trying to feel your way to safety in a whiteout–you have to get outta there, no matter what!
RIGHT: "If the weather's so bad that you can't see the trail, you should wait it out," says Brown. Mark your location on your map or GPS, put on extra layers, then find or build shelter.


IFD Principles
 1. Facilitate dermatological education and training at all health care levels in disadvantaged communities.
 2. Continue to support the RDTC in Moshi, Tanzania, and develop other means of achieving this mission.
 3. Improve the quality of care in dermatology and venereology in resource poor countries.
 4. Develop a cadre of experienced dermato-venereologists and health workers willing to serve on a short or long-term basis as visiting teachers, lecturers, advisers, or practitioners of dermatology; and to provide mentorship for those wishing to develop such a role.
 5. Document the needs of patients with dermatological disease in such areas and the current status and future requirements for trained manpower and resources.
 6. Develop rational treatment protocols and procedures which can be used widely in the developing world.
 7. Promulgate collaborative programmes between institutions from developing and developed countries of the world, non-governmental organisations and industry.
 8. Encourage and carry out appropriate research designed to improve the care of patients with dermatological disease.
 9. Promote dermato-venereological education and communication needs in developing countries at national and international meetings.
 10. Contribute to other programmes whose aim is to help patients with dermatovenereological diseases in resource poor settings.


Secondary Transfer FAQ
 - When is the Open Transfer Period for the District?
 The transfer request window is March 1st – March 31st. The district has communicated the window on the District webpage.
 How does a parent initiate a transfer? Fort Worth ISD has created an online application process to apply for a transfer. Families will submit an online transfer application indicating their 1st and 2nd choice. Please note that the District has implemented a lottery system for the 2021-2022 Student Transfer process.
 Can a parent pick any campus to request a transfer?
 A parent may choose a campus that has space available and is not a "School of Choice".
 Are parents guaranteed the transfer on behalf of the student if they picked a school not "LIMITED"? No, transfers are based on board policy (FDB Local), eligibility criteria and campus capacity by grade level. Transfers will be selected utilizing the lottery system.
 1. A PEG student applying from a school within the District.
 2. A resident sibling of a resident student currently enrolled at the requested school.
 3. A child of a resident District employee.
 4. A resident of the District, but residing outside the attendance area of the requested school.
 5. A child of a nonresident District employee.
 6. A PEG student applying from a school outside the District.
 7. A nonresident student, subject to tuition.
 Provided that a school or grade level has not reached capacity, a transfer request shall be considered and granted based on the following characteristics of each applicant, in this order of priority:
 If a student did not get into a POC or SOC and wants to transfer, what is important to know?
 Fort Worth ISD promotes the student distribution model of neighborhood and choice lottery schools. As a process, each school in the district serves a specific neighborhood within that school's attendance zone. The requested transfer campus must have available space and your request must meet eligibility requirements outlined in board policy, FDB Local. A transfer request is not automatically granted.
 Can a parent's non-POC or non-SOC student participate in a choice program?
 No, a student accepted through a transfer will not be under consideration to participate in the POC offered at the campus. POC participation is through the Choice application and waiting list only.
 When will parents know if their child's transfer request is granted?
 The initial assignment will be completed by April 19, 2021. However, the process will remain open, for rolling placements, until approved number of enrollment slots are filled or waiting list is complete. The final day to assign a student by transfer is June 11, 2021. On June 11, 2021 the transfer process for the 2021-2022 school year will close. No more assignments will be made.
 What happens if a student is not granted a transfer? Who does the parent need to speak to?
 Transfer request approvals are very limited due to capacity parameters at our campuses. Your student will remain at their home campus for the 2021-2022 school year.


text:
Species Name: Satyrium favonius
Species Distribution in Massachusetts
Federal Rank: None
Massachusetts State Rank: Special Concern
Xeric and open woodland and barrens on rocky uplands and sandplains.
Threats to Survival
Loss of habitat, fire suppression, introduced generalist parasitoids, insecticide spraying and clear-cut timber harvest.
Actions Recommended to Ensure Survival
Limit the effect human development has on their habitat.


Verification Central
A Strategy to Verify an AXI/ACE Compliant Interconnect (2 of 4)
In the last post of this series, we focused on the first level of testing required for verifying an AXI/ACE Compliant Interconnect — Integration/Connectivity testing. In this post, we will focus on basic coherent transaction testing. We use the term basic to signify something that is a prerequisite before we move on to more advanced testing. Coherent transactions are a set of transactions used in the AXI/ACE protocol to perform load and store operations. Each of these transactions have a different set of response requirements from the Interconnect. Further, each of these transactions can be used in multiple configurations. We need to verify that the Interconnect works correctly for each of these transaction types. We will first give an overview of the protocol before moving on to a testing strategy for these.
Overview of the ACE Protocol
The ACE protocol provides a framework for system level coherency. It enables correctness to be maintained when sharing data across caches. It also enables maximum reuse of cached data. The protocol is designed to support different coherency protocols such as MESI, ESI, MEI and MOESI (where M stands for Modified, O for Owned, E for Exclusive, S for Shared and I for Invalid). The ACE protocol is realized using:
 - A five state cache model to define the state of any cache line in the coherent system as shown in the diagram below:
The defined states are:
– Valid, Invalid: When invalid, the cacheline does not exist. When valid, the cacheline is present in the cache.
– Unique, Shared: When unique, the cache line exists only in one cache. When shared, the cacheline might exist in more than one cache.
– Clean, Dirty: When clean, the cache does not have responsibility to update main memory. When dirty, the cache line has been modified with respect to main memory and this cache must ensure that main memory is eventually updated.
 - Additional signaling on existing AXI4 channels that enables new transactions and information to be transmitted.
 - Additional channels, know as snoop channels, that enables an Interconnect to access information that is stored in the cache of masters connected to it.
We will shed more light on the ACE protocol with an example of a load operation and a store operation from a shareable location.
Performing a Load Operation
Consider the system given below with two masters connected to an Interconnect. Both masters have a cache. The Interconnect is also connected to the main memory. Consider the scenario where Master 1 needs to read the value stored in a variable u. Also assume that this value is already stored in the cache of Master 2. The following sequence is used to retrieve the value of u:
 - Master 1 issues a read transaction on the read address channel (1)
 - Interconnect issues a snoop transaction on the snoop address channel of master 2 (2)
 - Master 2 returns the snoop response and data information (3a)
 - If master 2 did not return data, the Interconnect reads it from main memory (3b). Note that it is permissible for the Interconnect to read from main memory even before receiving a response to the snoop transaction
 - Once the data is received it is returned to master 1 through its read data channel (4).
A ReadClean, ReadNotSharedDirty or ReadShared transaction is used for a load operation from a shareable location. A ReadClean transaction is used when an initiating master does not want to accept responsibility to update memory. A ReadNotSharedDirty transction is used when a master wants to load data and can accept the cacheline in any state except the SharedDirty state. A ReadShared transaction is used when a master wants to load data and can accept the cache line in any state. If no cached copy is required, a ReadOnce transaction is used. A ReadNoSnoop is used to read from a nonshareable location.
Performing a Store Operation
In the above system consider that Master 1 wants to write a new value to the variable u. The following sequence is used to store the new value into Master1's cache:
 - Master 1 issues a transaction indicating that it would like a unique copy of the cacheline storing u. This is done by sending a MakeUnique transaction (1).
 - The Interconnect sends a snoop transaction to Master 2 to invalidate its cacheline. This is done by sending a MakeInvalid transaction (2).
 - Once the invalidation is complete, Master 2 responds on its snoop response channel (3).
 - The Interconnect now responds back to master 1 indicating that all other masters have invalidated the cacheline storing value of variable u (4).
 - Master 1 now writes the new value of u in its cache. At this point the cacheline is in a unique state for master 1 and this cacheline does not exist in master 2.
Depending on whether a full cacheline store or a partial cacheline store is required, and whether the master already has a copy of the cacheline, a MakeUnique, CleanUnique or ReadUnique transaction is used for a store operation. If the master that is storing does not have a cache, but would like to write into a shareable memory location, a WriteUnique or WriteLineUnique transaction is used. A WriteNoSnoop transaction is used to write into a nonshareable location.
Other transactions used in ACE
 - Memory Update Transactions which are used to write a dirty line into memory. A WriteBack or WriteClean is used for this.
 - The Evict transaction is issued by a master to indicate the address of the cacheline being evicted from its local cache.
 - Cache maintenance transactions are used to access and maintain caches of other master components in a system. A CleanShared, CleanInvalid or MakeInvalid transaction is used for this.
 - Barrier transactions are used to provide guarantees about the ordering and observation of transactions in a system. This is dealt with in detail in a subsequent post.
 - Distributed Virtual Memory (DVM) transactions are used for virtual memory system maintenance.
Basic Coherent Transaction Testing
As described above, a number of different transactions are used in ACE to maintain coherency. Since each of these transaction types have different response and coherency requirements, it is good to test each of the transaction types individually to make sure that the Interconnect meets all the specification requirements. We will take the example of ReadShared transaction to describe the verification requirements for these transaction types in general.
Below is a table from the specification showing the cacheline state changes for ReadShared transaction:
In the above table, the Start State refers to the state of the cacheline in the master before the transaction was issued. RRESP refers to the response given by the Interconnect to the master that initiated the transaction. The Expected End State refers to the state of the cacheline after the transaction is complete. The last two columns refer to other possible end states based on whether a snoop filter is present or not, the details of which we will not get into in this post. The second table refers to speculative read. This represents a transaction that was issued even before the master could read the status of the cacheline. Basically, a Read transaction need not be sent out of the master if its cache already has an entry for that address. However, to improve performance, a master might choose to send out a transaction even before it gets information on the status of a cacheline. If the transaction was sent out in such a state, it is represented in the second table.
As seen from the tables above, there is a fairly large verification space for a single transaction. An important aspect to take note of is that the stimulus requires traffic from multiple masters. This is because the state space to be covered demands that all different response types and cache states are tested. The different response types can be created in the system only if the masters have cachelines in certain cacheline states relative to each other. For example, a response type (RRESP) of 10 indicating that the cacheline is shared by another master, requires that the cacheline is present in a master that is snooped by the Interconnect. The figure below summarizes the key requirements for testing this sequence:
 - The sequence must initialize the system to a random, but valid state before a transaction of a certain type is initiated. This ensures that all different response types and cacheline states are exercised.
 - Initialization must ensure that the rules of the states of cache are adhered too. For example a cacheline can be unique or dirty in only one cache. If a cacheline is present in two masters and both cachelines are clean, then their data should be the same. Similarly, if all the cachelines of a location are clean, then the contents of the cacheline must match that of the memory.
 - A sequence must be configuration-aware: it must be aware of the number of masters in the system, the interface types of these masters and so on. Making sequences configuration-aware ensures that the sequences are portable across systems with varying topologies.
Key Verification Points
 - Coherency across master caches: at any given point of time all masters must have the same view of data.
 - Coherency across master cache and memory: if all cachelines are clean, then the contents of the cacheline must match that of memory.
 - Snoop transactions: each transaction initiated by a master has a corresponding snoop transaction that will be initiated by the Interconnect. We need to ensure that the snoop transactions issued by the Interconnect are correct.
 - Data integrity between snoop and coherent


text:
Information contained on this page is provided by an independent third-party content provider. WorldNow and this Station make no warranties or representations in connection therewith. If you have any questions or comments about this page please contact _EMAIL_.
SOURCE Ford Motor Company
DEARBORN, Mich., March 22, 2013 /PRNewswire/ --
Ford reduced the average amount of water used to make each vehicle by 8.5 percent between 2011 and 2012 – putting the company more than halfway toward its current goal of using an average of just 4 cubic meters per vehicle globally by 2015.
Since 2000, Ford has reduced the amount of water it uses in everything from cooling towers to parts washing and paint operations by 10.6 billion gallons, or 62 percent. That's equal to the amount of water used by nearly 99,000 U.S. residences annually, or enough to fill 16,000 Olympic-size pools. Ford's reduced consumption rates mean even more to regions around the world struggling with water-related issues like drought and extensive population growth.
Ford's water reduction success is a result of the company's commitment to reduce the amount of water it uses by aggressively monitoring and managing just about every drop of water going into and out of its facilities and properties, says Andy Hobbs, director, Environmental Quality Office.
Since 2000, Ford decreased the total amount of water used around the world annually from 64 million cubic meters to 24 million cubic meters.
"That's about 10.6 billion gallons of water that was conserved and went to use somewhere else," says Hobbs.
Ford voluntarily launched its Global Water Management Initiative in 2000, putting in place ways to manage water conservation, quality and reuse of storm and process water. Ford's water strategy complements the company's overall Code of Human Rights, Basic Working Conditions and Corporate Responsibilities.
"Ford recognizes the critical importance of water, and is committed to conserving water and using it responsibly," says Robert Brown, vice president, Sustainability, Environment and Safety Engineering. "Many vehicle manufacturing processes require water and the resource is used at every point in our supply chain."
Ford aims to use an average of 1,056 gallons of water to make each vehicle globally – consistent with its overall goal of a 30 percent reduction in the amount of water used per vehicle between 2009 and 2015. That is slightly more than the 1,000 gallons fire engine tankers in the U.S. are required to contain in their tanks. One cubic meter of water is equal to 264 gallons.
Continuing the progress
Ford had a positive impact on the world's water supply in many ways during 2012. The Ford Fund, for example, supported 19 different water-related projects in China, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, India, Germany and South Africa.
One project in arid Southwest China, for instance, involved 60 Ford employees from Nanjing, who helped eight families build water cellars designed to capture water during the rainy season to store and use during drier times of the year.
At the same time, Ford's biggest water-related projects were within its own facilities and included:
These accomplishments reflect Ford's overall approach to water use, which emphasizes several goals:
More information about Ford's water use-related efforts can be found in the company's annual sustainability report that is released annually every June. The most recent version can be found here.
About Ford Motor Company
Ford Motor Company (NYSE: F), a global automotive industry leader based in Dearborn, Mich., manufactures or distributes automobiles across six continents. With about 171,000 employees and 65 plants worldwide, the company's automotive brands include Ford and Lincoln. The company provides financial services through Ford Motor Credit Company. For more information regarding Ford and its products worldwide, please visit _URL_.
©2012 PR Newswire. All Rights Reserved.


text:
In 1985, Medical Engineering and Development started developing veterinary surgical equipment that would help veterinarians dealing with wildlife and endangered species.
The first product designed and produced was an arterial blood pressure monitor for lions, elephants and other wildlife on game farms. The wildlife veterinarian performed an arterial stick, then monitored blood pressure fluctuations to determine the animal's plane of anesthesia while the testing, tagging and physical examination was performed. This was followed in 1986 by the introduction of the first electronic respiration monitor which directly measured the mass flow of air to and from the patient (i.e. tidal volume). Over the following three years additional sensors were developed to allow respiration monitoring of all avian, reptile and mammal species - from parakeets and white mice to reptiles and elephants.
In 1990 the company introduced the first of their lifting transport tables and stretchers for small animal practitioners. The Lifting Table product line soon expanded to include lifting and surgical tables for wildlife and large animals. A more complete line of stretchers capable of carrying large zoo cats, bears and gorillas followed.


text:
Eggplant Functional is Eggplant's test automation tool. As you use Eggplant Functional, you will have many tasks that you return to frequently. Although your workflow might vary, the following outline describes the tasks that form the core of your testing with Eggplant Functional and points to the additional pages where you can find detailed information about each topic.
Connecting to SUTs
The connection method you use varies based on what type of system you're connecting to—that is, whether they're mobile devices, desktop computers, or something else. The Connecting to SUTs section includes information on how to use the Eggplant Functional interface to connect to Android devices, iOS devices, as well as different desktop operating systems.
Most of your time is likely to be spent in creating and working with scripts. The Creating Scripts section includes information about working in Eggplant Functional's Script Editor, including the different modes of script creation that are available to you. Because image searching is at the heart of Eggplant Functional, you'll also find information about capturing and working with images, including image capture best practices. The basics of the SenseTalk scripting language and debugging techniques are introduced in this section as well.
You can run scripts from the Eggplant Functional interface as well as from the command line. You can also set schedules to run multiple scripts. In the Running Scripts section, you'll also find information about reading test results, about using keyword-driven testing with Eggplant Functional, and about using Eggdrive to incorporate external tests with Eggplant Functional.
Go to the Preferences section to learn about customizing the Eggplant Functional environment by adjusting the Preference settings.
Using Source Control Management (SCM)
Go to SCM to understand how to use Eggplant Functional to work with repositories in SCM.


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|Rountree Branch Watershed Study|
Location of Rountree
**Please open in Internet Explorer for best graphics.
This site was created by two University of Wisconsin-Platteville (UWP)
students as a central location for data collected by all different parties
working with the Rountree Branch. These parties include UWP Civil
and Environmental Engineering Department, UWP Chemistry Department, the
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR), Friends of the Rountree
Branch (FORB), Trout Unlimited, Southwest Badger RC & D, and the City
of Platteville. The
Reclamation and Biology Departments at UWP are also becoming more
Some areas of the watershed are woodlots and prairies, however most of the land has now been converted to agricultural land and commercial property. Some land within the watershed is enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) sponsored by the DNR. The CRP gives farmers money to not farm a particular plot of land for 10-15 years and instead allow grass and trees to grow. This program increases wildlife habitat along with decreasing erosion off the land into rivers and streams.
We hope this site will serve as a valuable resource to engineers and
environmentalists, as well as concerned citizens of the area. For
more information refer to the Grant-Platte
River State of the Basin Report. In this report you can find
more detailed history, research, and current activities in the watershed
and surrounding areas.
If you have questions or concerns regarding this web site contact Dr. Max Anderson at _EMAIL_.


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Slide 13 of 78
The facilitator is a specialized server agent that is responsible for coordinating agent communications and cooperative execution of tasks.
Client (non-facilitator) agents may be categorized as follows:
User interface agents accept multimodal input and present results.
Natural language agents translate users' requests into ICL.
Application agents provide services, which may be domain-independent or domain-dependent. Application Agents are frequently wrapped versions of legacy programs.
Meta agents apply domain knowledge to help coordinate the efforts of other agents.
Larger systems can be assembled from multiple facilitator/client groups, each having the sort of structure shown above.
All OAA agents publish their capabilities and communicate requests among themselves using the Interagent Communication Language.


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_PHONE_ Julia Eckel Born: Washington, District of Columbia 1907 Died: Washington, District of Columbia 1988 oil on canvas 40 1/8 x 55 5/8 in. (102.0 x 141.2 cm.) Smithsonian American Art Museum Transfer from the U.S. Department of Labor 1964.1.66 Not currently on view
Gathering around microphones as in Julia Eckel's painting, actors and musicians of the 1930s created drama, comedy, and musical performances enjoyed by radio audiences across the country. During the Great Depression Will Rogers's humor, Bing Crosby's crooning, Graham McNamee's news coverage, and series like "Fibber McGee and Molly," were part of the American scene. President Franklin Roosevelt explained his decisions to the nation through his famous radio broadcast "fireside chats."
Artist Julia Eckel used tightly spaced figures and controlled gestures to illustrate the close cooperation among star actors, secondary players, and musicians performing live on the air. The painting shows musicians playing during an interlude in the action as the leading lady, dressed in red and green, stands poised to speak her next line. Viewers of the painting, like radio listeners, feel the tension as they wait for the action to resume. Eckel kept her visual drama taut by leaving out such distracting practical details as the scripts and sheet music, which are prominent in publicity photographs of radio performances.
1934: A New Deal for Artists exhibition label
Object - other - microphone
Occupation - communication arts - broadcaster
Performing arts - music - saxophone
Performing arts - music - trombone
Performing arts - music - voice
New Deal - Public Works of Art Project - Washington, D.C.
paint - oil
fabric - canvas
About Julia Eckel
Born: Washington, District of Columbia 1907 Died: Washington, District of Columbia 1988


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Q.19:- A hoop of radius 2 m weighs 100 kg. It rolls along a horizontal floor so that its centre of mass has a speed of 20 cm/s. How much work has to be done to stop it?
Radius of the hoop, r = 2 m
Mass of the hoop, m = 100 kg
Velocity of the hoop, v = 20 cm/s = 0.2 m/s
Total energy of the hoop = Translational K.E. + Rotational K.E.
ET = (1/2)mv2 + (1/2) I ω2
Moment of inertia of the hoop about its centre, I = mr2
ET = (1/2)mv2 + (1/2) (mr2)ω2
But we have the relation, v = rω
∴ ET = (1/2)mv2 + (1/2)mr2ω2
= (1/2)mv2 + (1/2)mv2 = mv2
The work required to be done for stopping the hoop is equal to the total energy of the hoop.
∴ Required work to be done, W = mv2 = 100 × (0.2)2 = 4 J.


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sex-and-relationships - relationships -
The psychology of relationships: Life Script
Life script is another major theoretical concept within transactional analysis. Basically, life script is the idea that we tend to have an unconscious life plan - like a story - that we make up as children about ourselves and our lives, which we tend to keep to and follow even when we are adults. In other words, life script is a personal life plan developed under parental, familial, social, cultural and religious pressure. It is mostly complete by the age of seven.
To make this process a bit more understandable, here is an example: let's call our case illustration Jane. Jane grows up as the fourth child in a family of five, her mum and dad are busy people, trying to make ends meet. Jane doesn't get a lot of attention at home, but learns to read very early on and develops a good rapport with her oldest sister reading children's books. In response to this scenario, Jane will make specific script decisions about herself, other people and the world in general around her. For example, she might decide that she really always needs to be a good girl, quiet, studious and compliant to make the most of the relationships around her. She might also decide that the way to be is to work loads, just like her parents. She might take on board a sense that the world is a place in which people struggle and that you have to work really hard to make ends meet.
These script decisions are made in response to family and cultural messages but based on the child's very limited information and reality processing skills. Such a decision becomes an emotionally laden commitment to live in a certain way (in Jane's case possibly laden with all the loyalty and love she feels for her family and parents). This "certain way" becomes an unconscious life plan or a narrative, a story that we tell ourselves about what's possible for us. This life plan is built to make sense out of the world and to protect us: for example, Jane could have perhaps complained about the lack of support in her family, but as a child might then have been excluded from her family as complaining wasn't part of the family culture. But any script can become self-limiting in adult life. It might mean we don't take up opportunities even if they are there, because they are outside our script.
Let's imagine what happens to Jane as an adult. Let's say she achieves well at work and develops her career in an outstanding way. She marries a man who is also very invested in his work and they get along fine. So far Jane has stayed within her script of "work hard", "life is a struggle", "men like my dad who do well are attractive". You could say she is doing well too. However, there are also blind spots which her script has created. She doesn't spend a lot of time socializing and she doesn't notice when people want to spend time with her. The only friend she has is someone she met at a book club. They still spend a lot of time talking about books (like she did with her sister), but actually Jane and her friend are neither emotionally open nor do they feel close to each other. Jane married a man who was more invested in his career than in spending time with her and she often feels lonely beside him. She may have broken up with an earlier boy friend, who was much more loving, because she thought he was lazy (or what the parent ego state in her head would have called lazy), because he wanted to sit around and have a good time with his friends on the weekends.
Jane may also not have been able to appreciate his warmth and kindness, because it was completely off her radar. Jane may suffer from physical pain due to overworking, like back pain or frequent infections. She would be a prime candidate for depression as she neglects her emotional and psychological well-being and gives out a lot more energy than she takes in.
To reiterate, life script is an ongoing process of a self-defining and sometimes self-limiting psychological construction of reality. As long as we stick with it, life seems to be more predictable. However, the price we pay for a sense of certainty is that we are excluding new possibilities - even the good ones. The question you might want to ask yourself now is: what might your own script look like? One way to determine this is to look at your favorite fairy tales or mythological stories.
Which story did you like best as a kid? Often children use fairy tales as a model for their own life stories or they experiment with different scenarios. For example, Jane might have liked the story of Odysseus, who endured a lot of hardship over the 10 years he needed to travel home after the Trojan war. It is a story that involves hardship, endurance, persistence, intelligence, loyalty and ultimate victory over ongoing difficulties.
You could let your mind run free and think about how you expected your life to turn out as a teenager. Some people think that they will never meet anybody (a script decision about being alone) or they expect to do well in the world or in relationships. One can see that some people's script allow for more happiness than others. We can therefore classify scripts in three different categories: winners, losers and banal scripts. A winner's script allows for the person who designed it to get what he or she wants in the end (like in the story of Odysseus, who does find his way back home). So someone might think as a child that one day they will be happily married and they fulfill this expectation in their lifetime.
Loser scripts are those that end up with the person who lives them getting what they want. In some way Jane's script might be a losing script. She might have added on as a child that she really didn't think she could keep up all the good work and that things would tend to fall to pieces despite all her hard work. If Jane lives out this script, she may get fairly seriously depressed, lose her job, and end up sitting at home on her own for the rest of her life.
A banal script is one which is built on mediocrity, nothing much is gained and nothing much lost. Jane could have also designed this sort of ending for herself: she might work quite hard for the rest of her life, but feel like she never really made it. Her husband and friends might stay emotionally distant and she might feel unfulfilled and alone.
Whatever type of script you have written for yourself as a child, even if it is a winning script, it is still a pattern of thinking and behaving in the world which restricts some of your options. The ideal, therefore, is to become script free, or be able to apply the strengths in your script consciously. For instance, Jane could keep her drive to work hard and use it to be successful, but might also learn how to be emotionally close and have fun. We talk about being script-free as being autonomous. Autonomy is behaving, thinking or feeling in direct response to here and now reality rather than reacting to things based on a script belief. Imagine, if Jane didn't have all this baggage, she might take time out for herself in response to feeling low, rather than working even harder to be able to ignore the feelings for a little while longer. Autonomy is manifested by the release or recovery of three capacities: awareness, spontaneity and intimacy.
And of course, once you know what your unconscious life plan is you can change it. You decided on it as a child, but you can now change your mind as an adult. Remember that whatever you decided about yourself and your life as a child, it was done from a very limited perspective. What seemed a generalized truth about life then might not be true for you anymore today.
The emphasis on the decision of the child in script formation is based on the premise that "what has been decided can be re-decided". Re-decision is an emotional, cognitive and behavioral process. Scripts can be changed and disbanded all together. As an adult you are free to write your own story - and have fun doing it!
If you want to find out more about how this applies to your relationship, have a look at applying scripts. Other related psychological topics are games, relational needs, life positions, and transference.


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Import duplicate company data to use for testing [AX 2012]
Updated: February 1, 2013
In Microsoft Dynamics AX 2009, the duplicate company feature was used extensively to copy data from one company to another. The feature was also used to build development or test environments, and deployment scenarios that moved data from one environment to another. However, this feature became obsolete in Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012.
We recommend that you use the Microsoft Dynamics AX data export and import feature to support scenarios that previously required the duplicate company feature.
Company, or DataArea, can no longer be used as a data security boundary. Because of changes that were made to the organization model in Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012, data is no longer related to a company or legal entity in a simple relationship that is defined by setting the SaveDataPerCompany metadata property of a table to Yes. Because data relationships are now defined through the Relations metadata property, it is not easy to duplicate all data that is related to a legal entity. Therefore, it may not make business sense to duplicate the data that is related to a legal entity. For example, we created organizational hierarchies in which legal entities and business units have a complex relationship. There is no parent/child relationship between business units and legal entities. Therefore, the duplication of business units based on legal entities in the system is erroneous.
Follow these steps to use an existing legal entity as a template for other legal entities.
 1. Create a legal entity to use as a template.
 For more information, see Create or modify a legal entity.
 2. Set all configuration data for the legal entity.
 3. Use the Microsoft Dynamics AX data export and import feature to export the legal entity to a.dat file, such as TMP.dat.
 1. Before you export data, you must create a definition group.
 For more information, see Create definition groups for import and export.
 2. To export configuration data, include the following table groups: Reference, Parameter, Group, Framework, and Miscellaneous.
 To export master data, you must also include the tables that are in the Main table group.
 Do not include the tables that are in the Transaction, Transaction header, Transaction line, Worksheet, Worksheet header, and Worksheet line table groups. These tables include transaction data.
 For a detailed list of all the tables in a table group, see Table group reference.
 4. In the new environment, create new legal entities, and then import the.dat file that you created into each entity individually.
 Shared and per-company data is imported. When other legal entities are subsequently imported into the new legal entities, the shared data is merged.
 For more information, see Import data from another instance of Microsoft Dynamics AX.
You can use the Microsoft Dynamics AX data import and export feature to import and modify transaction data. However, it can be difficult to create a duplicate environment for transaction data if the SaveDataPerCompany property of tables is set to No. Instead, we recommend that you use the backup and restore functionality in Microsoft SQL Server to build demo environments in which minor configuration changes can be made to illustrate specific Microsoft Dynamics AX features.
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Confidentiality—training materials
 - Confidentiality—training materials
Confidentiality—training materials
These training materials contain template PowerPoint slides and associated notes for use by a trainer when outlining the law relating to the protection of confidential information. Topics covered include: the meaning of confidential information; the effect of breach of confidentiality; laws governing confidentiality; confidentiality agreements; definitions of confidential information; authorised recipients; purpose and duration of confidential information; remedies; handling breaches of confidentiality; arrangements with subcontractors.
The training materials are customisable.
Click the link below to download the PowerPoint presentation.
 1. Law:
 1. Meaning of confidential information
 2. Effect of breach of confidentiality
 3. Laws governing confidentiality
 2. Confidentiality agreements:
 1. Format
 2. Defining confidential information
 3. Parties and recipients
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The challenge: Emergency wards are overcrowded
Emergency departments are increasingly overcrowded and can struggle to respond to day-to-day arrivals in a timely manner.
Most hospitals would currently have difficulty meeting the four-hour National Emergency Access Target set by the Australian Government in its 2012 MyHospitals report.
Contrary to conventional wisdom that emergency patient volumes are unpredictable, we have found that the number of admissions per day can be predicted with remarkable accuracy.
Our response: Developing tools to predict hospital demands
Hospital patient admission prediction tool: Dr James Lind describes how this tool helps hospitals manage patient load.
We have developed new software tools to accurately forecast demand and help ensure access to emergency care and a hospital bed.
These tools use a hospital's historical data to provide an accurate prediction of the expected patient load, their medical urgency and specialty, and how many will be admitted and discharged.
We are investigating how they can be used to help an entire hospital run more smoothly and efficiently, from reducing 'bed block' in emergency departments to minimising waiting time for elective surgery.
The first technology is called the Patient Admission and Prediction Tool (PAPT) and was developed at our Australian eHealth Research Centre in partnership with Queensland Health, Griffith University and Queensland University of Technology.
We are extending PAPT to predict diseases such as influenza and the hospital admissions of patients with chronic diseases.
Demand Prediction Analysis Tool is our second prediction technology and an adaptation of PAPT. It is being trialled in Victoria for the first time through the Victorian Government Technology Innovation Fund.
The results: Improving health outcomes
The tools have been shown to have a 90 per cent accuracy rate in forecasting bed demand. If the entire country was to adopt prediction tools like this, a huge $23 million in annual savings could be made across Australia.
PAPT is being used by more than 30 Queensland hospitals to assist with:
- bed management
- staff resourcing
- scheduling of elective surgery.
For patients the system has delivered improved health outcomes such as:
- timely delivery of emergency care
- improved quality of care
- less time spent in hospital.
PAPT also received the 2012 CeBIT Business Award for Innovation.


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Builds are programs. Let's start treating them that way.
Most build tools are declarative, and for a long time they worked well for us. The problem is that the increasing number of platform, framework, and library combinations have made it impossible for these tools to be both declarative and comprehensive. Instead of a special-purpose DSL, Boot supplies abstractions and libraries you can use to automate nearly any build scenario with the full power of the Clojure language. It's not a build tool - it's build tooling.
- Managed filesystem tree provides a scoped, immutable, append-only interface for communicating between tasks.
- Easy classpath isolation with pods. Provides separate Clojure runtimes without separate JVMs.
- Compose build pipelines in the project, in the build script, in the REPL, or on the command line.
- Write quick Clojure scripts without a project context using shebang support.
- Tasks are not coupled via hardcoded file paths or magical keys in a global configuration map.
Artifacts can never be stale.
There is no need for a