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Can anything be said about the measure of the topological boundary of a Cacciopoli set in $R^n$? Of course, the reduced boundary has finite (n-1)-dimensional Hausdorff measure, but this does not say anything about the topological boundary, for instance, points with density 0 or 1 can still be part of the boundary.
My precise question: if $E$ is a Caccioppoli set, does there exist a measurable Cacciopoli set $F$, such that $E\triangle F$ and $\partial F$ are both Lebesgue null sets?
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The answer is no. Take countably many disjoint closed balls $B_i$ contained in the square $Q=[0,1]\times [0,1]$ and such that:
(i) Sum of areas of $B_i$ is less than 1
(ii) Sum of perimeters of $B_i$ is finite
(iii) $\bigcup B_i$ is dense in $Q$
Since the series $\sum \chi_{B_i}$ converges in BV norm, the set $E=Q\setminus \bigcup B_i$ has finite perimeter. It also has positive measure and empty interior. Any representative $F$ of the set $E$ also has empty interior and therefore $\partial F$ is not Lebesgue null.
By the way, any Lebesgue measurable set E has a representative F with the property
(*) $0<|F\cap B(x,r)|<|B(x,r)|$ for all $x\in\partial F$ and all $r>0$.
The proof is straightforward: add the points x for which $|E\cap B(x,r)|=|B(x,r)|$ for some r, and throw out all points x such that $|E\cap B(x,r)|=0$ for some $r$. (See Prop. 3.1 in "Minimal surfaces and functions of bounded variation" by E. Giusti.) By virtue of (*) the set $F$ has the smallest (w.r.t inclusion) topological boundary among all representatives of $E$, so if this representative doesn't help you, nothing does.
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Thanks! This was the kind of answer I was looking for. My question actually came from the result of E. Giusti you mention. I was hoping to sharpen it, but clearly this is not possible. – Martijn Jan 8 '10 at 11:45
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text:
by François Leroy, Jean-François Mangin, François Rousseau, Hervé Glasel, L. Hertz-Pannier, Jessica Dubois, Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz
The segmentation of the cortical interface between grey and white matter in magnetic resonance images (MRI) is highly challenging during the first post-natal year. First, the heterogeneous brain maturation creates important intensity fluctuations across regions. Second, the cortical ribbon is highly folded creating complex shapes. Finally, the low tissue contrast and partial volume effects hamper cortex edge detection in parts of the brain. Methods and Findings
We present an atlas-free method for segmenting the grey-white matter interface of infant brains in T2-weighted (T2w) images. We used a broad characterization of tissue using features based not only on local contrast but also on geometric properties. Furthermore, inaccuracies in localization were reduced by the convergence of two evolving surfaces located on each side of the inner cortical surface. Our method has been applied to eleven brains of oneto four-month-old infants. Both quantitative validations against manual segmentations and sulcal landmarks demonstrated good performance for infants younger than two months old. Inaccuracies in surface reconstruction increased with age in specific brain regions where the tissue contrast decreased with maturation, such as in the central region. Conclusions
We presented a new segmentation method which achieved good to very good performance at the grey-white matter interface depending on the infant age. This method should reduce manual intervention and could be applied to pathological brains since it does not require any brain atlas.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: Water may be the main sculptor of rock and the surface of the planet, but wind is also a carver and shaper. On a beach, wind can scoop out a hollow in hours, pushing and tossing away one grain of sand at a time until a bank or ridge or dune appears hollowed out, deﬂated. Inland, wind also carves a slope to its fancy, as sure as it can carve a drift of snow. Wind abrades and blasts one particle of the slope at a time, over centuries, over millennia, until the soil or rock is hollowed out by the prevailing draft of air armed with abrasive grit, tiny wind-carried teeth. On the high mountain peaks of the southern Appalachians prevailing winds not only bend and stunt the growth of trees, but also hollow out bins and wallows, sometimes called tumbles by the local people, on the balds and high unprotected ground. The largest deﬂation hollow in the contiguous United States is Big Hollow in Albany County, Wyoming. It's forty square miles and a perfectly suitable sight in a state known for wind.


Cutback Bitumen
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text:
Part II - Problems with Current Gait
Problems with Current Gait Analysis Work:
- Carry-line has not been recognized
- Foot offset has not been recognized
- Stride specifics are not understood
- Inaccurate measurement of the step
- Line of progression is not an
appropriate reference line for angular measurements
- No standard reference position
- Conflicting and inaccurate
- Measurements are taken at the
- Aberrations aren't measured as a
1. Carry-line has not been recognized.
Stride = carry + step (vectors).
person takes a step with the left foot, as they walk the
right foot has to be brought up to and then pass the
left foot while in the air, in order to take its own
step. This action is called the "carry".
discussions question how a person can walk with
radically different step lines and still show no
problems in gait. Disregarding the carry is the critical
error which leads to the confusion. Carry is the
distance equalization mechanism for the total distance
traveled by each foot.
Thus, when the left foot
takes a 15" step, the right foot is "carried" for 15".
Then, the right foot moves forward with a step of 20",
followed by the 20" carry of the left foot. For one full
stride, the left foot moves forward by a step of 15"
PLUS a carry of 20", for total of 35", and the right
moves forward with a carry of 15" PLUS a step of 20",
for a total of 35". (Note: These numbers come out even
because I assume there are no turns over the step. If
there are, as is probably the usual case, opposing step
and carries are not equal, and accounts for left/right
foot distance variations when turning.)
can be easily controlled, but carry-line changes as a
consequence of the other foot's previous step-line, foot
offset and foot angle, as well as the current step's
push-off angle, aberrations, pelvic stretch (and
straddle-line). So, distance and direction variations in
one foot are reflected by changes in the corresponding
carry-line for the other foot.
must be included as a distinct distance unit.
2. Foot offset has not been recognized.
Foot offset describes how far a person puts their
foot to the side of the straight line for that foot,
entails a rotation of the step-out line, and shows the
contribution from pelvic joint rotations to direction
control. Rotation at either pelvic joint results in foot
It's a direction parameter with a
side-step part, resulting in a lateral mass shift, as
well as a direction change via rotation of the foot-line
along with the step-out line. This foot-line rotation,
however, is not a foot angle change, since foot angle
uses the step-out line as its 0 reference.
may be why foot offset hasn't been defined until now. It
took a logical analysis, not a measurement, to discover
it. Measures using the "line of progression" read all
foot-line rotations as from foot angle, with no way to
distinguish the contribution from foot offset.
Foot offset and foot angle are separate direction
parameters which have different characteristics and
controls. Foot offset is changed by real or apparent
lateral rotation at either pelvic joint, as well as
lateral movement at the knee and ankle joints. Foot
angle is changed by real or apparent foot-line rotation
around the 3D step-out-line axis.
must be included as a separate direction entity.
3. Stride specifics are not understood.
Comparison of right and left heel to heel stride
measurements is not valid as the sole determinant of
direction change. The right stride is related to
different parts of two consecutive left strides (The
step of the first plus the carry of the second.), and
vice versa. Several consecutive measurements would
minimize this error.
And, measured equality of
stride lines doesn't guarantee the person is walking
a) The paths of 2 people both "walking
straight" may diverge if they're not walking straight in
the same way.
b) A person walking a straight
stride may be turning with every step ( I think this is
how everyone normally walks. Walking is a controlled
stagger. A person is virtually always engaged in
turning, according to the lower frame, even if walking
Stride-line (and walking base) is a
product of 9 distance and 5 direction elements, and is
also the vector sum of the step and carry lines. It is
not equivalent to 2 steps. Stride = carry + step
4. Inaccurate measurement of the step length.
First, it has to be clarified what's being described
with the step length (line). To this method, it's an
accurate measurement of the distance traveled by the
foot over the step, measured from heel-points.
Current literature shows 2 main ways to measure "step
1) Left heel-edge to right heel-edge,
and vice versa. (This measurement does not accurately
describe the total distance traveled by the foot over
the step. It includes a part from the pelvis, and shows
a different variation with respect to foot offset than
the accurate measurement. I call this L/R-line (but,
taken from heel-points) see Fig.6)
2) Step =
Stride/2. This is a measure that splits stride length in
two. And, that's all it is.
step-(carry-) line are wrt the appropriate heel-point in
the standard start position. This accurately defines the
distance traveled by the foot over the step (carry).
Also, even in the clinical literature there's the
occasional reference to step length with respect to
direction change, saying that different right vs left
step lengths will cause a person to change direction.
This does not happen. Differences in step length for the
left and right feet can not change direction, only
However, since L/R-line is changed by
foot offset (as is the step-line), and L/R-line is what
many currently define as "step length", direction
changes associated with foot offset may appear to result
from the change in the L/R-line. But, change in the
L/R-line is a consequence of the foot offset, not the
5. "Line of progression" is not an
appropriate reference line for angular measurements.
The "line of progression" is a decision about
direction based on the motion of a mass unit or the
position of footfalls. It's a very inaccurate reference
line for the measurement of direction parameters like
If based on a mass unit, it's motion
is what it shows, and if based on footfalls, it varies
with foot offset and aberrations.
inhibits the recognition of foot offset, since foot-line
rotations due to foot angle vs foot offset appear as all
from foot angle.
There are 5 consecutive
"straight lines forward" which are used as references
over the course of a step. These allow the tracking of
direction change over the entire step, as contributions
from each of the 4 parameters relevant for direction.
6. No standard reference position.
There are two separate distance units involved when
the foot is in swing phase, the carry and step lines.
Since the foot is in the air, and it could have any
number of different paths while in the air, how can the
two be separated?
This requires the application
of an arbitrary, theoretical reference position. The
most logical choice for this is the "standard start
position", which is based on the pelvic joint positions
and start heel-point at heel-contact.
"reference-heel-point", where the step-foot is in the
air in the standard start position, is the stop/start
point for carry/step lines, resp.
But, the foot
never has to pass over the standard position, and the
person never has to take up the orientation of the
standard grid except at the snapshot. Those details are
matters for observation, not definition.
reference position is valid because of the vector nature
of all the measured distances.
7. Conflicting and inaccurate definitions.
While I'd like to conform to definitions that are in
current use, it's not possible. The same terms are used
to describe different things, and vice versa, depending
who you talk to. Unfortunately, literal terms like step
length and stride length have been used to describe
In order to have any
kind of discussion, terminology has to be standardized,
even for just this paper. All the definitions I've
created are unique, and many are accurate versions of
currently used terms. So, there was a bit of a dilemma.
Question: How can the new terms be distinguished
from current, inaccurate versions of the same ones?
Answer: I use the designation "line" when referring
to an accurate quantity.
Any measured distance
can be connected with a straight line. Every line has a
length. So, reference to the step "line" is a reference,
ipso facto, to the step "length", and vice versa. This
avoids the vast majority of conflicts, and highlights
the vector nature of all the measured distances.
8. Measurements are taken at the heel-edge.
Heel-edge measurements are not accurate.
They're easier, but always introduce a variation in both
distance and direction with respect to the accurate
heel-point measurement. Heel-edge measures do not
accurately describe the distance the foot travels over a
step or stride,


text:
Definition of prefatory
a. - Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a preface; introductory to a book, essay, or discourse; as, prefatory remarks. 2
The word "prefatory" uses 9 letters: A E F O P R R T Y.
No direct anagrams for prefatory found in this word list.
Adding one letter to prefatory does not form any other word in this word list.Words within prefatory not shown as it has more than seven letters.
All words formed from prefatory by changing one letter
Browse words starting with prefatory by next letter


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Title:Recent archaeological discoveries in Buganda and their implications for heritage management policies
Author:Reid, Andrew
Periodical:Uganda Journal (ISSN 0041-574X)
Notes:biblio. refs., ills., maps
Geographic terms:Uganda
East Africa
Subjects:conservation of cultural heritage
cultural heritage
History, Archaeology
Cultural property
Archaeological sites
External link:_URL_
Abstract:While Ugandans are just beginning to consider their ancient cultural heritage - which is far older than any European country - and its value, the cultural resources attesting to this heritage are being destroyed before they are even recorded. The author first presents the results of recent archaeological research in Buganda, where oral and archaeological surveys were conducted from 2000 onward. The evidence, including the recovery of Urewe pottery, suggests a long-term (500 BC-AD 1000) and widespread tradition of agriculture. The research also reveals that moves toward specialization of production, coinciding with the replacement of Urewe pottery by roulette decorated pottery, took place around AD 1000, thus predating the Buganda Kingdom. Finally, the fact that numerous iron-smelting sites were discovered indicates a previously unrecorded and unnoticed precolonial technology, distinct from other smelting sites in the Great Lakes, which continued into the 20th century. The author extrapolates that up to 99 percent of Uganda's archaeological resources are undiscovered, most of them lying buried beneath the ground. In conclusion, the author expresses his concern about Uganda's heritage legislation, which fails to protect these resources. Bibliogr. [ASC Leiden abstract]


text:
Hush Puppies Recipe
A fish fry and barbecue staple, hush puppies are made from a six-ingredient batter, which is dropped by spoonfuls into hot oil to cook. You can make them yourself—we walk you through the steps.
History of Hush Puppies
So, how did hush puppies get their name? They were perhaps the original treat (aka bribe) for Fido. Legends tell how Southern fishermen and Civil War soldiers first made the golden nuggets from scraps just to toss to barking and begging dogs with the command to "Hush, puppy."
1. The Batter: Stire 10 times around the bowl—just until the dry and liquid ingredients are barely combined together. Overmixing causes a tough texture.
2. The Pot: Use a pot that is at least 6 inches deep and fits the largest element on your cooktop. Our Test Kitchen had excellent results frying this hush puppy recipe in both a 6-qt. Dutch oven and in a deep cast-iron skillet. We also tried an electric deep-fat fryer with a temperature control dial and found that the batter stuck to the basket, and the temperature did not get hot enough to properly fry the hush puppies. So stick with the old-fashioned pot-on-a-stove method.
3. The Oil: A clean ruler placed in the pot can help you determine the line for a 2- to 3-inch depth of oil. Don't skimp; the batter needs to submerge in the oil. For great results, the oil needs to maintain 375°. Too low and the hush puppies absorb oil; too high and the outside burns before the inside is done. Plan to adjust the temperature dial on your range slightly up or down throughout the frying to keep the temperature at 375°. A candy/deep-fat fry thermometer is a must.
4. The Drop: You can drop the hush puppy batter using two soup-size spoons sprayed with vegetable cooking spray or a 1 tablespoon-measure ice-cream scoop.
5. The Flip: Sometimes hush puppies will flip themselves over. Use a slotted spoon or frying utensil to turn the rest so they cook evenly.
6. The Finish: Hush puppies are usually done at the point you think they might need to cook longer—when the rough bumps or high spots are rich golden brown. Oil may be used for one more fry job if stored properly. After all the hush puppies are cooked, let the oil cool thoroughly. To remove cooked particles, strain the oil through a fine wire-mesh strained lined with cheesecloth or a coffee filter. Use a funnel to pour the oil into an empty vegetable oil bottle or a disposable plastic container with a lid. Label, date, and store in the fridge; use within one month.
Browse our How to Cook category for a full collection of recipes for all meal types and from all locations around the world!


text:
Idaho's WWAMI is a partnership between the University of Washington School of Medicine and the states of Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana and Idaho. Since 1972, the University of Idaho has partnered with the UW School of Medicine to help educate Idaho's future physicians.
Each year, a cohort of 40 medical students that are residents of the Gem State complete their first and second year of medical training at U of I. Students are dual-enrolled at the University of Idaho and the UW School of Medicine while completing their Foundations Phase (18 months). The Clinical Phase can be completed in Idaho, Seattle or across the five-state WWAMI region.
The curriculum taught at each WWAMI site, including the Seattle site, is a joint product of the UW School of Medicine. While each site has its own unique instructors and may have specific offerings, such as the wilderness medicine elective offered to Idaho and Seattle students, all WWAMI students learn the same core curriculum at the same time.
Idaho WWAMI has five primary goals for the State of Idaho:
- Provide publicly supported medical education
- Increase the number of primary care physicians
- Provide community-based medical education
- Expand graduate medical education (residency training) and continuing medical education
- Provide all of this in a cost-effective manner
Idaho WWAMI has an excellent rate of return: 51% of our graduates choose to practice in Idaho — well above the national average of 39%.


text:
message like this, try changing the words in your grammars/key phrases by splitting up the words or using to similar words, e.g. changing "natlink" to "nat link".
I hope to eventually have words and phoneme strings dynamically added to the current dictionary and language model using the Pocket Sphinx ps_add_word function (from Python of course).
Spoken Language Support¶
There are a only handful of languages with models and dictionaries available from source forge, although it is possible to build your own language model using lmtool or pronunciation dictionary using lextool. There is also a CMU Sphinx tutorial on building language models.
If the language you want to use requires non-ascii characters (e.g. a Cyrillic language), you will need to use Python version 3.4 or higher because of Unicode issues.
Dragonfly Lists and DictLists¶
DictLists function as normal, private
rules for the Pocket Sphinx engine. On updating a dragonfly list or
dictionary, the grammar they are part of will be reloaded. This is because
there is unfortunately no JSGF equivalent for lists.
This isn't a limitation of CMU Pocket Sphinx; text-to-speech is not a project goal for them, although as the natlink and WSR engines both support text-to-speech, there might as well be some suggestions if this functionality is desired, perhaps utilised by a custom dragonfly action.


text:
nose's test loader implements the same basic functionality as its superclass, unittest.TestLoader, but extends it by more liberal interpretations of what may be a test and how a test may be named.
TestLoader(config=None, importer=None, workingDir=None, selector=None)¶
Test loader that extends unittest.TestLoader to:
- Load tests from test-like functions and classes that are not unittest.TestCase subclasses
- Find and load test modules in a directory
- Support tests that are generators
- Support easy extensions of or changes to that behavior through plugins
Override to select with selector, unless config.getTestCaseNamesCompat is True
Load tests from the directory at path. This is a generator – each suite of tests from a module or other file is yielded and is expected to be executed before the next file is examined.
Load tests from a non-module file. Default is to raise a ValueError; plugins may implement loadTestsFromFile to provide a list of tests loaded from the file.
Lazy-load tests from a generator function. The generator function may yield either:
- a callable, or
- a function name resolvable within the same module
Lazy-load tests from a generator method.
This is more complicated than loading from a generator function, since a generator method may yield:
- a function
- a bound or unbound method, or
- a method name
loadTestsFromModule(module, path=None, discovered=False)¶
Load all tests from module and return a suite containing them. If the module has been discovered and is not test-like, the suite will be empty by default, though plugins may add their own tests.
loadTestsFromName(name, module=None, discovered=False)¶
Load tests from the entity with the given name.
The name may indicate a file, directory, module, or any object within a module. See nose.util.split_test_name for details on test name parsing.
Load tests from all names, returning a suite containing all tests.
Load tests from a unittest.TestCase subclass.
Load tests from a test class that is not a unittest.TestCase subclass.
In this case, we can't depend on the class's __init__ taking method name arguments, so we have to compose a MethodTestCase for each method in the class that looks testlike.
Given the yield value of a test generator, return a func and args.
This is used in the two loadTestsFromGenerator* methods.
Resolve name within module


text:
International journal of environmental research and public health article relationship between burnout and body mass index in senior and middle managers from the mexican. How can i differentiate between a junior employee and a senior i am looking to see if there are definable attributes between a junior employee and senior.
Policy on consensual sexual relationships between senior and the university has taken a middle into an official counseling relationship 3 all other senior. Iii abstract deborah albright santiago a study of the relationship between middle school and high school teachers instructional and behavior management practices and demographic variables. Achieving coherence in district improvement focuses on a problem of practice faced by educational leaders across the nation: how to effectively manage the relationship between the central office and schools.
What's the difference between entry level/jr/sr developers [closed] what's the difference between junior, middle, and senior developers related 32. What is the grammatical difference between old english, middle english and early modern english can a modern english speaker understand spoken middle english. Leadership and innovation senior executives say that the top three ways they spend time making decisions about innovation involve largely middle managers.
Relations between senior officers and junior officers the twin foundations of military courtesy among officers are precedence and deference to seniors. Middle management is the intermediate management of a hierarchical organization that is a middle manager is a link between the senior management and the. Balancing teaching and management thinks that the key to a successful relationship between middle and senior management is cooperation.
Overcoming disconnect between middle & upper senior managers report to the executive officer of the what is the current relationship between management. What is a liaison between the upper management and the 3 the relationship between hr & a there might be several middle managers between an employee's. America's seniors have historically been late adopters to the world of technology compared to their younger compatriots, but their movement into digital life. Running head: self-efficacy and work experience 1 relationship between self-efficacy and work experience in baccalaureate junior and senior.
What are the differences between the middle and middle class is the vast space between that amount and a what is the relationship between poverty and. Recommended citation hopkins, treg, the relationship between well-being and technology among senior citizens in indiana (2018) doctoral dissertations and projects. The uneasy relationship between church and state dominated the middle ages and has continued into modern times.
The west and the middle east the china–north korea relationship by eleanor albert read foreign affairs in your inbox more from foreign. The present study sought to investigate the relationship between cultural capital of senior high school english teachers and their self-efficacy in iran's english language classrooms using a mixed methods approach. Read consumer reports' investigation of risky drivers and see what the similarities are between old than that for middle that the senior can. In a six-part series, the middle east and the west, a troubled history, npr's mike shuster examines the nearly 1,000-year history of western involvement in the middle east.Download


two people speaking in a video conference
Technology can help you to make a Will during the current measures to manage the coronavirus outbreak.
Here are some things to think about.
Video conferencing
This is certainly one way that technology can help you to prepare your Will. It's so much easier to discuss things when you can see someone.
The process, known as 'taking instructions', can be done via a video conference, and your Will can then be drafted and sent via email or post. Once you have reviewed your draft Will you can have another video conference to go through it in detail and to agree any amendments before the final version is sent to you.
Before taking part in a video conference with your Will writer it is a good idea to collect as much information as you can. This could include a list of your assets such as property, your car, any collections of jewellery or art for example. It's also worth checking your bank accounts, ISAs, investments and savings, because many of us forget what we have.
You will need to appoint someone as your executor to carry out the terms of your Will. Think about who this should be and, ideally, check with them to make sure they are happy to act on your behalf.
Write down any questions you would like to ask, so that you can tick them off as they are covered in the video conference, and so that you remember to ask them at the end if they haven't been answered.
However, your Will can't be witnessed during a video conference. Your witnesses must by physically present when you sign your Will.
Validity of your Will
This is the part of the process that can't yet be replaced by technology. To make a valid Will you must sign and date it and this must be witnessed by two people who are present at the same time. While there have been discussions about changing this requirement during the coronavirus outbreak, it hasn't yet been changed.
Your witnesses must be independent and not related to you. If beneficiaries of your Will or their spouses or civil partners are witnesses, they will lose their inheritance.
However, there are a lot of different ways to make sure your Will is properly signed and witnessed while still following the social distancing rules
Proof of identity
Whoever is helping you to prepare your Will must confirm your identity. This might involve sharing the details of your:
birth certificate
driving licence
armed forces ID card
HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) tax document (such as a self-assessment tax return)
police or other government department ID card
benefit book or notification letter outlining your right to benefits.
They will also need proof of residency. As long as you haven't already used them as proof of your identity, you can do this with:
a household utility bill (gas and electricity, dated within the last three months)
driving licence
bank statement
benefit book or notification letter, outlining your right to benefits
house or car insurance certificate
Council Tax statement
local authority rent card or tenancy agreement.
While it's important that you can prove who you are and your address, this information could also be used by criminals to steal your identity, so you must be confident that you are working with a legitimate, trained and regulated professional. Check the company's registration at Companies House and look for independent reviews and testimonials.
If you or anyone you know would like more advice on creating or amending a Will during the coronavirus outbreak, please do get in touch
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text:
Java and Sumatra
The first Mennonites to enter Asia permanently were representatives of the Dutch Mennonite Mission Board which established work in East Java in 1851 which has developed into a Chinese Mennonite church and a Javanese Mennonite church, later independent of the mission board. The Mennonite Central Committee began a relief work in this area in 1948, which is still continuing. In 1869 missionaries of the Dutch Mennonite Mission Board also established a work on Sumatra, which had to be abandoned after World War I because of lack of support. The 1950 Mennonite membership in Java was about 10,000.
The next Mennonite mission work in Asia was that established in India in _PHONE_ by the Mennonites of North America: (a) by the Mennonite Church (MC) in the Central Provinces in 1899, (b) by the General Conference Mennonite Church in the same area but 150 miles (240 km) farther south a year later, _PHONE_, (c) by the Mennonite Brethren Church in 1899 in the far south in Hyderabad, the first two being preceded by relief work by each group in the great famine of _PHONE_. All three of these missions developed into large and vigorous enterprises, with well-established indigenous churches with a total membership in 1950 of almost 20,000. The Mennonite (MC) mission established a daughter mission in 1940 in Bihar, some 600 miles (1000 km) to the north of the original mission in the Central Provinces. The Mennonite Brethren in Christ Church had earlier entered India in 1924 in Bihar. The Mennonite Central Committee carried on relief work in India in _PHONE_, chiefly in the great famine of 1946 in the region near Calcutta. An inter-mission relief agency, called the Mennonite Committee for Relief in India, called forth by this effort, was still in existence in 1955.
China had been entered by several American Mennonite mission boards during the first half of the 20th century, but by 1951 all work had been suspended and all missionaries recalled as a result of the intolerable conditions and pressure imposed by the Communist government established in 1949. H. C. Barthel (Krimmer Mennonite Brethren (KMB) Church) arrived in China in 1901 and founded in 1904 an independent organization, the China Mennonite Missionary Society, which carried on an extensive work in Shantung. H. J. Brown started work independently in Hopei province in 1909 which was taken over by the General Conference Mennonite Mission Board officially in 1914. The Mennonite Brethren Mission Board in 1919 took over the work in Fukien province which had been established by F. J. Wiens in 1911. The KMB Conference established a work in Mongolia in 1924. The Mennonite Board of Missions and Charities entered China after World War II in 1948. The total membership of all the Mennonite churches in China in 1950 was probably less than 10,000.
Mennonites did not enter Japan until after World War II. Then in rapid succession the Mennonite Church (MC), 1949, the General Conference Mennonite Church, 1950, and the Mennonite Brethren Church in 1950 entered. The first Japanese Mennonites (12) were baptized in the Mennonite Church mission in Hokkaido in 1951.
Meanwhile Mennonites from the older colonies in European Russia began to migrate to Asiatic Russia. The first group settled in Turkestan 150 miles (250 km) northeast of Tashkent in _PHONE_, establishing a colony which lasted at least until 1930. The total number never exceeded 1,500 souls. The migration into what is known as Siberia began in 1899 and resulted in the establishment of large and prosperous colonies in the region of Omsk and Slavgorod-Barnaul before World War I. After World War I in 1926 a small colony was established in the Far East on the Amur River border of Manchuria near Blagoveshchensk. Increasing pressure led to the liquidation of most of this colony by flight into Manchuria (Harbin) in 1930, from which ultimately (_PHONE_) all emigrated either to California (Reedley) or to Paraguay, with a few reaching Brazil. A smaller number fled from western Russia across the Siberian border into "Sinkiang province, finally reaching Shanghai and emigrating to California in 1949. One family of the Sinkiang group crossed the Himalayas into India, joining the Mennonite Brethren mission there. The western Siberian Mennonite colonies still exist in modified form, having apparently suffered the least of any of the Mennonite settlements in Russia.
Mennonite Relief Work in Asia.
The Mennonite Central Committee entered the Far East with its relief work first in India (_PHONE_), then China (_PHONE_) with the Hong Kong relief unit operating until 1952, then the Philippines (1946-50), Japan (1948- ), Java (1949- ), and Taiwan (1950- ). Far Eastern Headquarters were established at Hong Kong in 1950. The peak number of workers in Asia was in 1949 with an average of 65.
Mennonite Membership in Asia
The maximum total baptized Mennonite membership in Asia, including both mission churches and Russian Mennonite settlements in 1925 was an estimated 60,000 distributed as fellows: Java and Sumatra 10,000, India 20,000, China 10,000, Turkestan and Siberia 20,000. In 1950 the number was probably less than 45,000 because of heavy losses in China and Asiatic Russia. The maximum number of Mennonite missionaries in Asia was reached about 1935 with nearly 150 persons, all but six North Americans. In 2006 the total population in Asia and the Pacific was 240,000 as listed in the table below.
Mennonite World Conference 2006 figures
Adapted by permission of Herald Press, Harrisonburg, Virginia, and Waterloo, Ontario, from Mennonite Encyclopedia, Vol. 1, pp. 176-177. All rights reserved. For information on ordering the encyclopedia visit the Herald Press website.
©_PHONE_ by the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. All rights reserved.
To cite this page:
MLA style: Bender, Harold S. "Asia (1955)." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1955. Web. 24 May 2013. _URL_
APA style: Bender, Harold S. (1955). Asia (1955). Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 24 May 2013, from _URL_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Workshop focuses on Robotics and Pollution in relation to oil spills
Two maritime Thematic Networks have hosted a 'Workshop on Robotics and Pollution' in the wake of the Prestige oil spill. Topics included new technologies for clearing spills from the surface of the sea and robotic systems for pumping oil out of wrecked vessels.
Prestige breaks up; Image: Guardian Unlimited
Prestige breaks up; Image: Guardian Unlimited
The ERASTAR and ROBMAR Thematic Networks joined forces on 4 March 2004 to organise the Workshop. Participants from around Europe discussed ways to improve prevention and cleanup of catastrophic oils spills through the use of advanced robotics systems.
Presentations by leading maritime robotics experts were followed by a brainstorming session. Each of the participants outlined potential contributions by his or her own group to a consortium submitting a proposal in response to the second call for proposals under FP6 Priority 6.2 'Sustainable surface transport'. A list of possible proposals was also drawn up.
The Workshop was one in a series of events being organised by Thematic Networks funded under FP5, aimed at stimulating proposals in response to upcoming FP6 calls.


text:
For all practical purposes, the story of American terrier work begins in 1971
with Patricia Adams Lent, who founded the American Working Terrier Association to promote working terriers and dachshunds.The American Working Terrier Association (AWTA) was, and is, a modest organization
with fewer than 100 members. It has no headquarters or paid staff, and produces a simple Xeroxed newsletter four times a year. Its web site (as of 2005) has no information about actual hunting or wildlife, and is focused almost entirely on go-to-ground trials.That said, AWTA is a very important organization in the history of American working terriers
, not only because it was the first "club" devoted to the sport, but also because Ms. Lent invented go-to-ground trials, and the basic set of rules governing them.Since 1971, go-to-ground trials have served as a kind of "on ramp" for actual field work
. The basic AWTA
format has been widely copied, first by the Jack Russell Terrier Club of America (1976) and then by the American Kennel Club (1994).The origin of the American go-to-ground tunnel can be found in the artificial fox earths first constructed in the UK in the 1920s
, but which came into their own in the 1950s and 60s with the collapse of so many ancient rabbit warrens under the onslaught of myxomatosis.Artificial earths are generally constructed of two parallel rows of brick stacked three bricks high and topped by overlapping slates
, or out of 9-inch clay or concrete drainage pipe laid end-to-end. The result is a very spacious and dry fox earth. If sited within 200 feet of a water source (it does not have to be large), far from residences, and on the edge of fields and small woods, the chance of a fox taking up residence is excellent.The first artificial fox earths were constructed in order to guarantee that a fox could be found on hunt day,
and to encourage fox to run along known courses away from roadways. That said, they also found favor because they proved easy locations for a terrier to bolt a fox from. Even an overlarge dog could negotiate the straight or gently curving unobstructed nine-inch pipes of an artificial earth.The go-to-ground tunnels devised by Patricia Adams Lent were constructed of wood instead of stone
, brick or clay pipe, but were equally commodious, measuring 9 inches on each side with a bare dirt floor for drainage and traction.From the beginning AWTA's goal was to be inclusive.
Scottish Terriers with enormous chests were encouraged to join AWTA
, as were owners of West Highland Whites, Cairns, Norfolks
, Border Terriers, Fox Terriers, Lakelands
, Welsh Terriers and Bedlingtons
. All were welcome, with the simple goal of having a little fun with the dogs, and perhaps giving American Kennel Club terrier owners some small idea of what actual terrier work was about.In AWTA trials, wooden den "liners" are sunk into a trench in the ground.
The tunnels are up to 35 feet long with a series of right-angle turns, false dens and exits. The "quarry" at the end of the tunnel is a pair of "feeder" lab rats safely protected behind wooden bars and wire mesh. The rats are not only not harmed, but after 100 years of breeding for docility, some lab rats have been know to go to sleep!Without a doubt, go-to-ground trials have been a huge hit with American terrier owners.
dimensions of the den liners -- 81 inches square -- means even over-large terriers are able to negotiate them with ease. With nothing but a caged rat to face as "quarry," the safety of dogs is guaranteed, and since the dogs only have to bay or dig at the quarry for 90-seconds, most dogs end up qualifying for at least an entry-level certificate or ribbon.Though the die-hard hunter may sneer, the increasing popularity of go-to-ground terrier trials is a welcome thing,
for it has brought more people a little closer to real terrier work.Owners of dogs that do well in go-to-ground trials should take pride in their dog's achievements.
Like all sports that emulate real work (lumber jack contests, bird dog trials, and sheep dog trials, to name a few), a go-to-ground trial is both harder and easier than its real-world cousin.A dog that will exit a 30-foot tunnel backwards in just 90 seconds and on a single command
(a requirement for earning an AKC
certificate) is a dog that has been trained to a fairly high degree of proficiency.Having said that, it should be stressed that a go-to-ground trial has little relationship to true hunting.
In the field dogs are not rewarded for speed. In fact, if a hunt terrier were to charge down a real earth like it were a go-to-ground tunnel it would quickly run into quarry capable of inflicting real damage.In addition, in a real hunting situation a dog must do a great deal more than "work" the quarry for 90 seconds.
A good working dog will stick to the task for as long as it can hear people moving about overhead – whether that is 15 minutes or three hours.The real division street between go-to-ground and earthwork, however, is size.
And the real problem with a go-to-ground trial is not that it teaches a dog to go too fast down a tunnel (dogs understand the difference between fake liners and real earth), but that it suggests to terrier owners that any dog that can go down a cavernous go-to-ground tunnel is a dog "suitable for work."To its credit, the American Working Terrier Association recognizes the difference
between a go-to-ground tunnel and real earth work, and implicitly underscores this difference in its rules for earning a Working Certificate.AWTA rules note that a terrier or dachshund can earn a working certificate
on woodchuck, fox, raccoon, badger, or an "aggressive possum" found in a natural earth, but that "this does not include work in a drain or otherwise man-made earth."In short, a drain is not a close proxy for a natural earth,
and terriers that are too large to work a natural earth do not meet the requirements of a working terrier.The American Working Terrier Association issues Certificates of Gameness
to dogs qualifying at their artificial den trials. Working Certificates are awarded to dogs that work groundhog, fox, raccoon, possum, or badger in a natural den provided that at least one AWTA
member is there as a witness. AWTA
also issues a Hunting Certificate to a dog that hunts regularly over a period of a year.Six years after the American Working Terrier Association was created
, Mrs. Alisia
Crawford, one of the first Jack Russell Terrier breeders in the U.S., founded the Jack Russell Terrier Club of America (JRTCA
)Ms. Crawford and the early founders of the Jack Russell Terrier Club put a lot of thought into structuring the JRTCA so that work remained front and center.
Towards that end, the club decided that its highest award -- the "bronze medallion" -- would not go to show dogs, but to working dogs that had demonstrated their ability in the field by working at least three of six types of American quarry -- red fox, Gray fox, raccoon, groundhog, possum, and badger -- in front of a JRTCA
-certified field judge.In the show ring the JRTCA decided to ban professional handlers
as it was thought this would keep the shows fun and less important than the essential element of work.Instead of mandating the kind of narrow conformation ranges demanded by the Kennel Club
for their terrier breeds, the JRTCA
divided the diverse world of the Jack Russell Terrier into three coat types (smooth, broken and rough), and two sizes (10 inches tall to 12.5 inches tall, and 12.5 inches tall to 15 inches tall)."Different horses for different courses" became a watch word,
with overt recognition that the world of working terriers required dogs able to work different quarry in different earths, and in different climates.Unlike the Kennel Club the JRTCA also decided to keep their registry an "open" registry
so that new blood might be infused at times. At the same time, the Club discouraged inbreeding and eventually restricted line breeding to a set percentage.To balance off an open-registry with the desire to keep Jack Russell-type dogs looking like Jack Russells,
decided not to allow dogs to be registered at birth or to register entire litters. Instead, each dog would be photographed from each side and the front, and admitted to the registry on their own merit, and as an adult. In addition, each dog had to be measured for height and chest span.What this meant is that at the time of registration, the height and chest measurement of an adult dog could be recorded.
Over time, both height and chest size could be tracked through pedigrees -- an essential element of breeding correctly-sized working terriers.The JRTCA was not shy about their rationale for these rules:
they openly and emphatically opposed Kennel Club registration, maintaining that time had show that dogs brought into the Kennel Club quickly grew too big and often lost other essential working attributes such as nose, voice, and prey drive.Today the Jack Russell Terrier Club of America is the largest Jack Russell Terrier club and registry in the world,
and its Annual National Trial attracts approximately 1


Quartic function
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Graph of a polynomial of degree 4, with 3 critical points.
In mathematics, a quartic function, is a function of the form
where a is nonzero, which is defined by a polynomial of degree four, called quartic polynomial.
Sometimes the term biquadratic is used instead of quartic, but, usually, biquadratic function refers to a quadratic function of a square (or, equivalently, to the function defined by a quartic polynomial without terms of odd degree), having the form
A quartic equation, or equation of the fourth degree, is an equation that equates a quartic polynomial to zero, of the form
where a ≠ 0.
The derivative of a quartic function is a cubic function.
Since a quartic function is defined by a polynomial of even degree, it has the same infinite limit when the argument goes to positive or negative infinity. If a is positive, then the function increases to positive infinity at both ends; and thus the function has a global minimum. Likewise, if a is negative, it decreases to negative infinity and has a global maximum. In both cases it may or may not have another local maximum and another local minimum.
The degree four (quartic case) is the highest degree such that every polynomial equation can be solved by radicals.
Lodovico Ferrari is credited with the discovery of the solution to the quartic in 1540, but since this solution, like all algebraic solutions of the quartic, requires the solution of a cubic to be found, it could not be published immediately.[1] The solution of the quartic was published together with that of the cubic by Ferrari's mentor Gerolamo Cardano in the book Ars Magna (1545).
The Soviet historian I. Y. Depman claimed that even earlier, in 1486, Spanish mathematician Valmes was burned at the stake for claiming to have solved the quartic equation.[2] Inquisitor General Tomás de Torquemada allegedly told Valmes that it was the will of God that such a solution be inaccessible to human understanding.[3] However Beckmann, who popularized this story of Depman in the west, said that it was unreliable and hinted that it may have been invented as Soviet antireligious propaganda.[4] Beckmann's version of this story has been widely copied in several books and internet sites, usually without his reservations and sometimes with fanciful embellishments. Several attempts to find corroborating evidence for this story, or even for the existence of Valmes, have failed.[5]
The proof that four is the highest degree of a general polynomial for which such solutions can be found was first given in the Abel–Ruffini theorem in 1824, proving that all attempts at solving the higher order polynomials would be futile. The notes left by Évariste Galois prior to dying in a duel in 1832 later led to an elegant complete theory of the roots of polynomials, of which this theorem was one result.[6]
The Cassini oval, which is the locus of points all of which have the same product of distances to a pair of foci, is a quartic in two variables.
The Cartesian oval, which is the locus of points all of which have the same weighted sum of distances to two foci, is a quartic in two variables.
Limaçons are quartics in two variables.
Each coordinate of the intersection points of two conic sections is a solution of a quartic equation. The same is true for the intersection of a line and a torus. It follows that quartic equations often arise in computational geometry and all related fields such as computer graphics, computer-aided design, computer-aided manufacturing and optics. Here are example of other geometric problems whose solution amounts of solving a quartic equation.
In computer-aided manufacturing, the torus is a shape that is commonly associated with the endmill cutter. To calculate its location relative to a triangulated surface, the position of a horizontal torus on the Z-axis must be found where it is tangent to a fixed line, and this requires the solution of a general quartic equation to be calculated.
A quartic equation arises also in the process of solving the crossed ladders problem, in which the lengths of two crossed ladders, each based against one wall and leaning against another, are given along with the height at which they cross, and the distance between the walls is to be found.
In optics, Alhazen's problem is "Given a light source and a spherical mirror, find the point on the mirror where the light will be reflected to the eye of an observer." This leads to a quartic equation.[7][8][9]
Finding the distance of closest approach of two ellipses involves solving a quartic equation.
Inflection points and golden ratio[edit]
Letting F and G be the distinct inflection points of a quartic, and letting H be the intersection of the inflection secant line FG and the quartic, nearer to G than to F, then G divides FH into the golden section:[10]
\frac{FG}{GH}=\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}= \text{the golden ratio}.
Moreover, the area of the region between the secant line and the quartic below the secant line equals the area of the region between the secant line and the quartic above the secant line. One of those regions is disjointed into sub-regions of equal area.
Solving a quartic equation[edit]
Nature of the roots[edit]
Given the general quartic equation
with real coefficients and a \ne 0, the nature of its roots is mainly determined by the sign of its discriminant
\Delta\ =\ &256 a^3 e^3 - 192 a^2 b d e^2 - 128 a^2 c^2 e^2 + 144 a^2 c d^2 e - 27 a^2 d^4 \\
&+ 144 a b^2 c e^2 - 6 a b^2 d^2 e - 80 a b c^2 d e + 18 a b c d^3 + 16 a c^4 e \\
&- 4 a c^3 d^2 - 27 b^4 e^2 + 18 b^3 c d e - 4 b^3 d^3 - 4 b^2 c^3 e + b^2 c^2 d^2
This may be refined by considering the signs of four other polynomials:
P = 8ac - 3b^2
such that \frac{P}{8a^2} is the second degree coefficient of the associated depressed quartic (see below);
Q= b^3+8da^2-4abc,
such that \frac{Q}{8a^3} is the first degree coefficient of the associated depressed quartic;
\Delta_0 = c^2 - 3bd + 12ae,
which is 0 if the quartic has a triple root; and
D = 64 a^3 e - 16 a^2 c^2 + 16 a b^2 c - 16 a^2 bd - 3 b^4
which is 0 if the quartic has two double roots.
The possible cases for the nature of the roots are as follows:[11]
 - If \Delta < 0 then the equation has two real roots and two complex conjugate roots.
 - If \Delta > 0 then the equation's four roots are either all real or all complex.
 - If P < 0 and D < 0 then all four roots are real and distinct.
 - If P > 0 or D > 0 then there are two pairs of complex conjugate roots.[12]
 - If \Delta = 0 then either the polynomial has a multiple root, or it is the square of a quadratic polynomial. Here are the different cases that can occur:
 - If P < 0 and D < 0 and \Delta_0\not =0, there is a real double root and two real simple roots.
 - If D > 0 or (P > 0 and (D ≠ 0 or Q ≠ 0)), there is a real double root and two complex conjugate roots.
 - If \Delta_0 = 0 and D ≠ 0, there is a triple root and a simple root, all real.
 - If D = 0, then:
 - If P < 0, there are two real double roots.
 - If P > 0 and Q = 0, there are two complex conjugate double roots.
 - If \Delta_0 = 0, all four roots are equal to -\frac{b}{4a}
There are some cases that do not seem to be covered, but they can not occur. For example \Delta > 0, P = 0 and D ≤ 0 is not one of the cases. However if \Delta > 0 and P = 0 then D > 0 so this combination is not possible.
General formula for roots[edit]
Quartic formula written out in full. This formula is too unwieldy for general use, hence other methods or simpler formulas are generally used.[13]
The four roots x_1, x_2, x_3, x_4 for the general quartic equation
ax^4+bx^3+cx^2+dx+e=0


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Focus on Fitting: Innovations in Sound and Cognition
[Tuesday, December 15 at 12pm EST/11am CST/10am MST/9am PST]
There is greater recognition of the role that sound amplification plays in improving the hearing aid wearer's cognition and general well-being. Specific hearing aid features are also important in this process, as they can help improve the ease of understanding. In this seminar, Dr. Kuk will use a cognitive model to explain why processing delay in a hearing aid can affect the user's overall experience with amplification.
Webinar is over, you cannot register now. If you have any questions, please contact Webinar host: Widex Seminars.


text:
Statewide, the number of students proficient in English increased by 2.1 percentage points. In 2011, 54.4 percent of students were considered proficient in English, based on the Standardized Testing and Reporting (STAR) results, compared with 52.3 percent proficiency in 2010.
Statewide, the percent of students proficient in math increased by 2.2 percentage points, from 48.1 proficiency in 2010 to 50.3 in 2011.
State Superintendent of Education Tom Torlakson called the scores a "very positive result."
"California's students continue to improve," he said. "A greater share
On average, students in Los Angeles County improved slightly more than the state, gaining 2.7 percentage points in each category, though the actual percentage of students proficient in English and math was a few points lower than the state.
In the San Gabriel Valley, gains fell in between the county and state, coming in at about 2.4 percentage points for both math and English.
But those gains varied considerably from district to district. On the high end were districts such as Azusa Unified and Covina Valley Unified.
According to the state database, Covina Valley posted gains of 3.1 percent in English - a full percentage point higher than the state average. In 2011, 54.6 percent of students in the district were proficient in English, compared with 51.5 in 2010. The increase in math proficiency was 6.4 percent - almost three times the state average. In 2011, 46.6 percent of students in the district were proficient in math, compared with 40.2 in 2010.
"We're thrilled with our gains," said Lynn Carmen Day, assistant superintendent of educational services for Covina Valley. "We've had growth, and we think it will be continued growth."
"It's making sure kids are getting it the first time and not having to go back," she said.
In Azusa Unified, English proficiency increased 3.5 percentage points - from 39.5 percent of students proficient in English to 43 percent - and math proficiency increased 4.7 percent - from 34.3 to 39 percent.
Vince Jantz, director of secondary curriculum and instruction for Azusa Unified, wasn't surprised by the results.
"We spent the entire year with what we call benchmark assessments. They're targeted on all core areas," he said.
But even with those increases, the district has a lot of room to improve, Jantz said. Its overall proficiency scores still lag about 11 percentage points behind the state average and are some of the lowest proficiency in the valley.
"We have grown, but we need to continue to grow," Jantz said. "While we're happy with the improvement, we're not satisfied."
El Monte High School District also registered some of the lowest 2011 proficiency scores in the valley, with 43.1 percent of students proficient in English, and 30.9 percent proficient in math.
Montebello Unified had the lowest English proficiency in the region, at 41.1 percent.
Overall, Walnut Valley and Glendora posted the highest percentage of students proficient in English in the San Gabriel Valley, with 79.4 percent and 73 percent, respectively.
Walnut Valley also posted the highest math proficiency in the region, at 76.2 percent, followed by Rosemead School District, at 70.7 percent.
While a large majority of San Gabriel Valley school districts posted gains, four districts bucked the trend and experienced small declines in one or more categories. They were Charter Oak Unified, Valle Lindo, Bassett Unified and Rowland Unified.
Maria Ott, superintendent of Rowland Unified, disputed the accuracy of the state's online database, which indicated that her district declined half a percentage point in English and 1.9 points in math.
Ott said the numbers the district received directly from the state actually show small improvements in both areas.
"When you look at what's statistically significant, we've probably had one of those years where we've been climbing, and now we've been flat this year," Ott said.
Ott said she believes the reason for that is the closure last year of three schools due to budget cuts and declining enrollment
"In some ways we feel our baseline has changed," she said.
_PHONE_, ext. 2718


text:
Young Geun Kim, Minyong Kim, and Sung Woo Chung, "Enhancing Energy Efficiency of Multimedia Applications in Heterogeneous Mobile Multi-core Processors", IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 66, no. 11, pp. _PHONE_, November 2017.
Recent smart devices have adopted heterogeneous multi-core processors which have high-performance big cores and low-power small cores. Unfortunately, the conventional task scheduler for heterogeneous multi-core processors does not provide appropriate amount of CPU resources for multimedia applications (whose QoS is important to users), resulting in energy waste; it often executes multimedia applications and non-multimedia applications on the same core. In this paper, we propose an advanced task scheduler for heterogeneous multi-core processors, which provides appropriate amount of CPU resources for multimedia applications. Our proposed task scheduler isolates multimedia applications from non-multimedia applications at runtime, exploiting the fact that multimedia applications have a specific thread for video/audio playback (to play video/audio, a multimedia application should use a function that generates the specific thread). Since multimedia applications usually require a smaller amount of CPU resources than non-multimedia applications due to dedicated hardware decoders, our proposed task scheduler allocates the former to the small cores and the latter to the big cores. In our experiments on an Android-based development board, our proposed task scheduler saves system-wide (not just CPU) energy consumption by 8.9%, on average, compared to the conventional task scheduler, preserving QoS of multimedia applications. In addition, it improves performance of non-multimedia applications by 13.7%, on average, compared to the conventional task scheduler.


The Court Process
The Court Process
The initial Stages
If a driver has been charged with a road offence or refused a Fixed Penalty the police will send a
report to the Procurator Fiscal (PF). The PF is responsible for the prosecution of crime in Scotland and will decide if the case should proceed to court. If further proceedings are to be taken the Procurator Fiscal's office will issue a Compliant which sets out the charge(s), together with a Court Citation. The citation will identify the relevant court where the proceedings will be held and the date on which the case will be heard.
Where a driver is arrested, the police will either release the person on an Undertaking to appear at court on a future date or keep the person in custody to appear at court on the next lawful day.
There are three types courts which can hear a road traffic case.
Where Cases Take Place:
Justice of The Peace Courts
The overwhelming majority of road traffic cases, such as speeding, running a red light and careless driving will be heard at Justice of the Peace Court.
Sheriff Courts
More serious road traffic offences, such as drink driving and dangerous driving are heard at Sheriff Court.
In general cases in the JP Court and the Sheriff Court are held in the court closest to where the offence is said to have been committed. These courts are located in every region throughout Scotland.
The High Court of Justiciary
The High Court hears the most serious cases, such as causing death by dangerous driving. These cases are usually held in the High Court buildings located in both Glasgow and Edinburgh. The High Court can also sit within a Sheriff Court building close to where the offence took place.
Court Hearings and Procedure
Pleading Diets & Undertakings
When a case first calls for a Pleading Diet or Undertaking at a Sheriff or JP Court, the court simply wants to know if the accused person is pleading guilty or not guilty to the charge or charges that have been raised.
Plea of Guilty
If the accused person pleads guilty the court will usually proceed to sentence there and then. For the majority of road traffic offences the court will deal with the case by penalty points, fine or disqualification. In some cases sentence may be postponed for up to 4 weeks for further information that may assist the court in selecting a suitable sentence. Where a plea of Guilty is tendered at an early stage of the proceedings the court consider a discount on sentence because of the early plea.
If a solicitor has been instructed it is not always necessary for an accused person to appear at a Pleading Diet. However, if a person has been released by the police on an Undertaking that person must appear at court. If they fail to do so a warrant for their arrest may be issued by the court.
Continued Pleading Diets
A Pleading Diet and Undertaking can be Continued Without Plea for a short period of time, usually 4 or so weeks. This is common and will arise if the accused person wants to get legal advice or if further information is required before a plea is tendered.
Plea of Not Guilty
Where a person pleads Not Guilty to the charge or charges the court will fix two further court dates. The first date is called an Intermediate Diet and the second is the Trial Diet. These dates may be several months ahead. During this time the prosecution and defence are expected to properly prepare for the Intermediate and Trial Diets.
Intermediate Diet
An Intermediate Diet is usually fixed a few weeks before the Trial Diet. The purpose of the Intermediate Diet is to find out if the trial is ready to go ahead on the allocated date. No witnesses will be present at this hearing/diet. If the trial can not go ahead the original trial date will be adjourned and will be a new date for the trial will be fixed. Another Intermediate Diet may also be fixed. A case may be adjourned for any number of reasons, such as witnesses not being traced, illness or that further information or investigation is required.
At this stage most, if not all, of the evidence against an accused will have been obtained. Having regard to all the evidence an accused person may decide to change their plea of Not Guilty to Guilty. Indeed an accused person can change a plea of Not Guilty to Guilty at any stage of the proceedings.
If a plea of not guilty is maintained and the defence and prosecution are ready to proceed the case will be continued to the Trial Diet.
Trial Diet
At trial diet the accused will be asked to confirm their plea to the charge. If the accused maintains a plea of Not Guilty the the prosecutor (Procurator Fiscal Depute) will call witnesses to give evidence about the incident/offence. These witnesses are known a Crown witnesses. After each witness has been questioned by the prosecutor the defence can cross exam the witness. Evidence against an accused can also take the form of documents, photographs and video footage. The defence can also introduce this type of evidence and call defence witnesses to give evidence to support their version of events.
In the normal course of events, once all the evidence has been heard and the prosecution and defence have summed up, the Sheriff or Justice of the Peace will decide on the guilt or innocence of the accused. In Scotland there are three possible verdicts: one of conviction – Guilty and two of acquittal – Not Guilty and Not Proven.
In all cases there is an appeal process. If can accused person believes that their trail was unfair and that they were wrongly convicted they can appeal against the conviction to the High Court on certain grounds. An accused person can also appeal against a sentence that they believe was unduly harsh. Strict time limits apply to lodge an appeal against conviction, sentence or both. Time limits vary but usually an appeal must be lodged within 7 days from the date of conviction or sentence.
Getting Advice
The court process can be very confusing and daunting, especially to people who have had no experience of the criminal court process. We understand that and will do our best to ensure you are fully informed about each stage of your case.


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I had always thought low pH foods had a noticeable sour (acid) taste, and vice-versa.
But when reading The Bread Builders by Daniel Wing & Allan Scott, on page 54, it says:
The sour taste of especially sour naturally leavened bread comes more from the total amount of acid in the bread than from the pH of the bread.
After knowing that, someone I know made the following experiment:
- Measured the pH of vinegar with a ph-meter.
- Prepared a solution of Spirits of salt with the same pH.
- Drink both.
Pure vinegar tastes much more acid than spirits of salt. In fact, the last one has almost no acid taste.
So, it seems my initial thoughts were wrong. Why? Also, what makes we perceive foods as acid tasting?
After some research (thanks to rumtscho's comment) I have found that taste buds detect the presence of H+ ions (as cited in the Wikipedia article on Gustatory system).
But still don't know why when drinking Acetic Acid (vinegar) sourness is sensed more than when drinking HCl (Spirits of salt), if both of them are diluted to have the same pH.
Update 2: After _USER_ Stranger's answer it is clair that sour taste is given by anions (and not H+ ions), as written in this question's last update.


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Dear France, wrap their bodies in the carcasses of pigs.—
Erick Erickson (_USER_) January 09, 2015
Update from a reader:
Erickson's recommendation is doubly offensive (and doubly dumb) considering that he's actually repurposing a trope of old-timey anti-semitism. As Zaid Jilani points out here, using pork products to taunt those who don't eat them has been a staple of Jew-baiting in Europe for centuries:
In the book Anti-Semitic Stereotypes: A Paradigm of Otherness in English Popular Culture, _PHONE_, the author notes that English schoolboys would taunt Jews with a chant, "Get a bit of pork/Stick it on a fork/And give it to a Jew boy, a Jew." In German culture, there was a popular concept of the "Judensau," depicting Jews suckling from a pig; the bigoted imagery was so common it was even placed on churches to keep Jews away. Pope Leo VII called Jews "pigs," and during the Inquisition, the Spanish Jews were actually called "marrano" referring to a one-year old pig.
I wonder if Erickson realizes just what tradition he's drawing on here. I suspect not.


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Our Kindergym program involves participation by you and your child in a fun, safe environment with qualified coaches.
The 45 minute program teaches children aged 18 months to 5 years, movement skills and develops overall coordination. Kids will enjoy free play as well as structured activities making learning fun.
- Creatively explore and practise skills safely, building self-confidence and self-esteem.
- Positive experiences influencing a child's outlook on physical activity for life.
- Child and parent/carer interact in a fun environment.
- Activities are safe, stimulating and challenging.
- Parent/Carer involvement reinforces the healthy lifestyle message.
- Free Play – children have the opportunity to explore and interact at their own pace.
- Group Activities – music is used to encourage movement and rhythm in combination with hand held apparatus.
- Circuit Activities – incorporate climbing, balancing, swinging, rolling and jumping.
We are endorsed by Gymnastics Australia as a Kindergym Australia Provider.


Рефрактометр PR-23-AC Pharma
K-Patents Process Refractometer PR-23 meets the pharmaceutical industry standards and guidelines. These include PAT, GMP, CIP/SIP, 21 CFR Part 11 and validation. The ability to understand and continuously control Refractive Index nD contributes significantly to the development of effective drugs and efficient manufacturing processes.
K-Patents Pharma Refractometer PR-23-AC fulfills the pharmaceutical drug production regulations for process wetted part materials, sealing, and surface roughness. No animal originated media are used in the machining and polishing processes.
Each sensor is provided with a calibration certificate comparing a set of standard liquids to the actual sensor output. Therefore, the calibration and accuracy can be routinely verified with the traceable standard Refractive Index liquids.
Validation often includes the qualification of systems and equipment. It is a requirement for Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) and other regulatory requirements. K-Patents provides a validation procedure and equipment that help the user to prove the suitability of the refractometer for its designated function. These include an optional laboratory test cuvette for easy off-line testing of drug samples in the laboratory.
С более подробной информацией о фитинге ARI 106 можно ознакомиться на сайте компании производителя «Knick», перейдя по ссылке.


Facts about Skunk cabbage
Skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus) is a member of the arum lily family, which is unique in the fact that some of its members are thermogenic. In terms of plants, this infers the ability to provide heat in excess of ambient temperatures. The skunk cabbage is able to accomplish this increase in temperature due to the large quantity of respiratory tissue in the spadix, as well as from the deep fleshy roots. The spadix is a fleshy spike, which carries dense clusters of small, inconspicuous flowers, enclosed by a leafy hood, the spathe. Early in the spring, skunk cabbage will begin to push its green and purple spathe and spadix up through the cold mud and snow. Due to this anatomical and physiological adaptation, skunk cabbage has the ability of temporarily maintaining a core temperature in the spadix that is 15 to 30 degrees Celsius higher than ambient temperatures (Knutson 1974). Even during cold nights skunk cabbage can maintain
this unusual warm temperature. This heat is produced by sterile male flowers through a regulated rate of oxidative metabolism. However, due to this excessive heat production, the flowers must consume oxygen at a rate much higher than normal. In fact, this rate of oxygen consumption is comparable to that of a homoeothermic animal the size of a shrew or a hummingbird. What this heat accomplishes is, it serves to volatilize odoriferous compounds (often amines or indole) that mimic decomposing flesh and attract certain pollinating insects.
Facts about Shunk-cabbage
Materials and Methods
Results and Discussion


Leading with Wellbeing: A Guide To Leading Like a Chief Wellness Officer
Article by Ayla Langer, SFive Contributing Writer
Workplace wellness is more important than ever. As we all face continued stress as a result of COVID-19, it's necessary for employers to take a wide-lensed approach towards monitoring and improving employee wellbeing. Through acknowledging that health spans mental, physical, emotional, and financial factors, companies can integrate ways to provide employees with the tools to better cope with life's many challenges. Here are some ways that organizations can stay ahead of the health curve, enhancing company culture, and promoting longevity along the way.
Dedicate a Chief Wellness Officer role.
Wellness is gaining new attention in the C-Suite. In the healthcare sector specifically, clinics across the country have already started adopting a C-Suite position to address physician burnout: Chief Wellness Officer (CWO) or Wellbeing Officer.
In the role, a CWO constantly asks the question: How does this affect the health and wellbeing of our community? In this position, born out of the notion that health is the wealth of an organization, the CWO has the authority, budget, and staff to integrate wellbeing initiatives and evaluate policies and procedures for identifying and reducing burnout. Initiatives like providing enhanced mental health education and resources, offering flexible workplace policies and compassionate leadership training are powerful steps towards creating a culture of wellness.
In order to help individuals map out how to scale the CWO's duties, Stanford University offers a workshop to prepare leaders in the role to have expertise in change management, strategic planning, and leadership development. During this class, students learn the necessary skills to spearhead wellness efforts and customize strategies towards cultivating efficient practice environments based on hospital-specific needs. Learning objectives are achieved using the Stanford Physician Wellness framework, enabling students to clearly define the scope of wellness efforts through understanding their organization, building a team, identifying gaps, and establishing a communication method to meet desired performance metrics.
In the field, the CWO role not only impacts the day-to-day wellness of employees but also clients. By creating and maintaining system-wide cultures of wellness, physicians are able to provide better care, leading to enhanced client satisfaction. When clinicians are taken care of, they are able to provide patients with better care. The CWO role ultimately reveals how the new competitive advantage in business is wellness. Happy employees build better businesses and produce more efficient outcomes. Let's explore how this C-Suite role can transfer directly to your business structure.
Lead like a Chief Wellness Officer (CWO)
If the CWO role is not in the company budget, advocating for wellbeing specialization in various roles in your company will certainly have a return on investment. A few ways for an HR or community manager to continually ask "How can we better support ourselves and others within our businesses?" and lead like a CWO are:
1.) Define the current wellness state of the organization.
As previously featured in an SFive Blog, the culture audit can be a great method to take a company-wide "wellness temperature check". Through utilizing focus groups, entity-level interviews, and anonymous surveys, organizations can gain insight into how current management styles, dedication to diversity and inclusion, and approaches to decision making are shaping company culture. Ultimately, these markers of culture have a direct effect on employee satisfaction and well-being. The culture audit will provide the framework to identify a baseline for what metrics will be used to gauge the impact of specialized wellbeing campaigns.
2.) Establish why wellbeing is important
Defining a clear sense of purpose for wellbeing initiatives in line with company-wide value systems will contribute to a stronger organizational culture and happier employees. At SFive, our Core Values are the driving force behind our passion, mission, and purpose. We incentivize authenticity, slow growth, trust, commitment, and positive energy, and continuously work to ensure that our team feels taken care of on all fronts. Merging purpose-driven characteristics with day-to-day activities promotes a success-driven and comfortable environment for all. Personalized snail-mail, diversity and inclusion check-ups, and long-term personal and professional growth conversations are ways that SFive aligns our value system with daily organizational structure.
3.) Get to action
Digging into wellness means more than just encouraging openness about mental health and offering stress-relieving resources like counseling and healthy activities. Managers have the additional option to:
 - Customize wellness initiatives to the needs of your workforce. Know your demographic when creating wellness initiatives. Team-specific health metrics recognized through culture audits will provide the framework to implement team-specific programs. Wellness to a group of CAs will look different than a company-wide initiative- a TikTok dance challenge may be fun for one team but might not fit well with another. Being in tune with the needs of employees across experience levels, teams and sites will be necessary for understanding nuanced needs and creating strategies to meet them.
 - Create excitement for wellness. The increased positive conversation around wellness goes beyond lunchtime yoga sessions; making work a place of humanity and compassion where individuals can accept themselves is something to embrace with enthusiasm. In order to foster positive health conversation, managers themselves will need to be in tune with tone and be sensitive to atmosphere changes to explore and embrace challenges with resilience, patience, and welcome. Wellness meetings, email check-ups and scheduled individual time with employees are great ways to share excitement and commitment to your company's health.
 - Create human culture rather than corporate culture. The power to decide to participate in wellness initiatives should always be in the hands of the employees. Rather than demanding a need to participate in wellness initiatives, creating an environment that promotes autonomy on wellness fronts promotes a human culture versus a corporate culture. Clearly identifying and branding wellness initiatives will allow your team to know when a message is health-related over the general day-to-day business, allowing them to participate at will and be able to access the resources more easily.
Community managers can simultaneously act as wellness managers by integrating these considerations into day-to-day operations procedures. As your company plans for years to come, wellness initiatives are a legitimate cause to budget for and will facilitate more productive business in the short and long term. More than ever, the property management industry is focused on wellbeing, and allocating for more resources on the front is more important than ever.
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Power electronics group to build converter for superconducting magnetic energy storage
In the VPEC laboratories, Kunrong Wang (G) works on a design of a power conditioning system to be used for Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES).
The Virginia Power Electronics Center (VPEC) has received a contract from Westinghouse Inc. and the Office of Naval Research to develop a system that will convert electrical energy for magnetic storage by utilities. Under the three-year $700,000 contract, VPEC will develop a prototype power conditioning system for Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES), which is a state-of-the-art method for storing electrical energy.
A SMES unit consists of superconducting wire wound into a huge coil, which is cooled with liquid helium to minus 458 degrees Fahrenheit so that the flow of electricity meets no resistance. Direct-current (DC) electricity is fed into the coil, creating a magnetic field that can store the energy indefinitely.
The power conditioning system being developed by VPEC will convert excess AC electricity from utility lines to DC electricity that can be stored in SMES units. When the stored energy is needed, the power conditioning system converts the DC electricity into AC for utility line use.
Utilities can store excess energy in SMES units during the night and retrieve energy for use during peak-demand periods of the day. The storage-retrieval process is expected to be more than 95 percent efficient, which will enable utilities to realize significant cost-saving benefits.


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The PHOTON Projects
In 1994, the National Science Foundation (NSF) awarded the first Advanced Technology Education (ATE) grants with the goal of improving technician education at two-year colleges and forming partnerships between academic institutions and industry. In 1995, the New England Board of Higher Education (NEBHE) in Boston, Massachusetts received its first ATE grant, a project to prepare teachers to introduce fiber optic technology to secondary and postsecondary students in the six New England states. The work of the first grant was adapted and expanded by three subsequent ATE grants. The impact of these projects has grown in technical breadth and geographical extent to include all of photonics technology and teachers and faculty from Maine to Hawaii. Through our work with the optics/photonics societies OSA and SPIE, our impact has spread throughout the globe.
Fiber Optic Technology Education Project (FOTEP) 1995 – 1998
The first of the NEBHE photonics-related ATE projects increased the number of secondary schools and colleges (primarily two-year community colleges) prepared to introduce fiber optics technology to their students. Over a period of 30 months, FOTEP worked with teachers and faculty from more than 40 schools in a series of workshops, providing curriculum, materials, technical assistance and a unique opportunity to network with other educators and fiber optic industry personnel.
Key FOTEP Outcomes:
- Modules, courses and programs in fiber optic technology were developed at New England high schools and colleges
- Over 60% of FOTEP faculty participants built contacts and partnerships with local fiber optics businesses.
- Strong collaboration between high school and college level instructors promoted.
- A lab kit was developed for fiber optic laboratory experiments and a set of fiber optics instructional materials was developed.
PHOTON 2000 – 2003
PHOTON addressed photonics education on a number of fronts. Of primary importance was increasing the number of teachers who had the knowledge and skills to teach photonics technology. Although ATE programs are focused on two-year colleges, PHOTON recognized that the pipeline of college students starts well before college admission, perhaps even before secondary school. For this reason, project PHOTON included middle and high school teachers as well as college faculty. This cross-grades collaboration resulted in the development of educational pathways in science education to help students achieve as they progressed through the educational system. Project PHOTON also included guidance counselors in the professional development workshops. Counselors gained new knowledge on available career options and provided outreach to students interested in math, science and technology careers.
Key PHOTON Outcomes:
- 39 New England schools participated, with teachers from middle schools, high schools and community colleges.
- A mentored email Listserv was established that is still active today with more than 100 education and industry members.
- The FOTEP lab kit was expanded to include components for experiments with lasers and 25 laboratory experiments in basic & applied optics were developed and field-tested.
- A series of 13 optics-focused "Explorations" suitable for middle school science labs were developed.
- High schools, community colleges and local industry created stronger bonds leading to joint activities such as field trips, job
PHOTON2 Project (2003-2006)
PHOTON2 gave educators the necessary skills and resources to implement and teach photonics courses by producing an introductory textbook and other materials and a distance-learning program for educators. Like PHOTON, PHOTON2 established Alliances between local high schools and colleges to provide seamless integration between their STEM curricula. Educators from eight geographic locations were brought together to facilitate photonics technology education in their local institutions to develop educational pathways for students.
Key PHOTON2 Outcomes:
- Web-based professional development course, "Introduction to Photonics."
- Instructional materials, including a 15 chapter textbook, Light – Introduction to Optics and Photonics. _URL_
- A field-tested, industry-quality laboratory equipment kit, with 25 exercises and lab demo videos.
- Support by local industry for instructors and students.
Local,paid summer internships in the photonics industry during 2005 and 2006 for teachers and counselors.
- A capstone "Showcase" workshop in 2006 held in collaboration with SPIE.
This project developed materials for teaching optics/photonics through Problem-Based Learning, a student-centered pedagogy that teaches structured problem-solving at the same time as content.
Find out more about PHOTON PBL and Problem Based Learning here PHOTON PBL


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by anthony on 08/10/11 at 12:50 am
Checkboxes and radio buttons are an essential part of forms. But most of the time, they're not easy to click. This is because their click targets are small. The smaller a click target is, the more difficult it is to click it. Luckily, there are three things you can do to your checkboxes and radio buttons to make them easy for users click.
1. Use label tags
At the most basic level, your checkboxes and radio buttons should have label tags on them. This allows users to click the label to toggle the checkbox or radio button. This is easier for users to do because the label is usually a larger target to click than the checkbox or radio button itself. It also makes your checkboxes and radio buttons accessible to users who use screen readers.
2. Add hover effects to them
A checkbox or radio button may have label tags, but most users won't know that they can click the label unless there's a visual affordance that tells them that. A hover effect is a clear visual affordance that lets users know they can simply click the labels to toggle the controls.
3. Place them on a button zone
The last way to make your checkboxes and radio buttons easy to click is possibly the best way. Placing them on a button zone clearly tells users where they can click to toggle the controls. Not only can users click the label, but they can also click outside the label. This makes their click targets even bigger and easier to click. When users click on a checkbox or radio button, the button zone should highlight in color to tell users that it's selected. This gives users the clear visual feedback they need when they're looking at a dense area of checkboxes and radio buttons.
There's a lot you can do to make your checkboxes and radio buttons more usable and accessible. If your form has a lot of them, try using these techniques to take the burden off your users. Making your checkboxes and radio buttons easier to click will increase the chances of users completing your form. This is exactly what you want to do if you have a long form that asks for a lot of information.


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Is there a smooth function $f:\mathbb{R}^2 \to \mathbb{R}$ such that $f(x,n)$, where $n\in\mathbb{N}$, is the truncated Taylor series of $e^x$, namely $1+ x + \frac{x^2}{2} + \dotsb + \frac{x^n}{n!}$, in a fashion similar to the gamma function?
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You probably mean not only smooth but analytic? – Slaviks Mar 29 '12 at 5:30
1 Answer 1
up vote 6 down vote accepted
Sure; we have the relationship
$$\sum_{k=0}^n \frac{x^k}{k!}=\frac{\Gamma(n+1,x)}{\Gamma(n+1)}\exp\,x=Q(n+1,x)\exp\,x$$
where $\Gamma(n)$ is the usual gamma function and $\Gamma(n,a)$ is the (upper) incomplete gamma function, and $Q(n,a)$ is the regularized (upper) incomplete gamma function; see that link as well as this link for more on its properties. The expression on the right definitely makes sense not only for integer values of $n$...
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The Aswan High Dam, when it was build created Lake Nasser, Lake Nasser Streches back 270 kilometres from the Dam. The Lake has also created alot more land for people to farm on. This is because a lot of water is stored in the lake, and in turn this water can be used to irrigate land around the lake. Lake Nasser has also created a big fishing industry, which produces 25,000 tonnes of fish a year, the fishing industry is aiming to produce 100,000 tonnes by the year 2000.
Unfortunately this dam has caused a big change to the lifes of farmers downstream from the dam. Usually when the river flooded once a year before the dam was built. It deposited fertile soil from upstream on its banks downstream. This washed up soil was extremely furtile, and renewed itself every year at in flood season. But now, since the dam was built the annual flood has been stopped. Causing all the farmers downstream to have to use fertilizers to grow their crops, which makes it more expensive.
The Aswan High Dam is also used to create hydro-electricity for Egypt,


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To be a great basketball shooter, it is not just enough to be able to stand at the three-point line and catch and shoot. You also need to be able to shoot the basketball on the move and off of screens. This means that you need to use different basketball drills to get used to moving, cutting, and coming into your shot from different angles and spots on the floor.
This basketball shooting drill is great for simulating game speed shot off of down screens. This basketball drill is named after Ray Allen, who was one of the best at moving without the basketball and shooting off screens. As much as this drill will work on shooting, it is also going to work on footwork. This means that you need to really lock-in on the correct footwork for setting up your defender, using the screen, and then, finally, using the fade cut.
Basketball Drill Overview
Drill Name: Ray Allen Fade Cut Basketball Shooting Drill
Equipment Needed: 1 basketball, 2 chairs, and a partner.
Similar Basketball Drills and Resources
- Reaction Inside Pivot Basketball Shooting Drill
- Ray Allen Straight Cut Basketball Shooting Drill
- Ray Allen Curl Cut Basketball Shooting Drill
Goals of the Drill
- Improve shooting and work on the fade cut footwork.
- Set your man up on each cut and mix in slow to fast on your cuts.
- Visualize how you would do it in a game.
- Jump straight up and down on your shot, don't drift.
Basketball Drill Instructions
- Set a chair on each side of the paint about 2 feet outside of the lane.
- Passer stands at the top of the key, and shooter stands under the basket.
- There are three different types of cuts.
- 1. There is the regular fade cut off of one of the chairs.
- 2. There is the figure 8 cut where you curl off of the first chair and then come back down in the paint and immediately fade cut off of the other chair for the shot.
- 3. Is the curl around the chair, cut back into the paint, pause in the middle, and then fade cut around the same chair for the shot.
- Set your man up each time and fade cut before every shot.
- Do 10 shots in a row and mix in all three different cuts as you do.


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An ordinary astronaut's answers to sometimes extraordinary questions
written and signed by Clayton C. Anderson
Having spent over 150 days on his first tour of the International Space Station, it's safe to say that Clayton C. Anderson knows a thing or two about space travel. now retired and affectionately known as "Astro Clay" by his many admirers on social media and the internet, Anderson has fielded thousands of questions over the years about spaceflight, living in space, and what it's like to be an astronaut. Written with honesty and razor-sharp wit, It's a Question of Space gathers Anderson's often humorous answers to these questions and more in a book that will beguile young adults and space buffs alike.
Covering topics as intriguing as walking in space, what astronauts are supposed to do when they see UFOs, and what role astronauts play in espionage, Anderson's book is written in an accessible question-and-answer format that covers nearly all imaginable aspects of life in space. From living in zero gravity to going to the bathroom up there, It's a Question of Space leaves no stone unturned in this witty firsthand account of life as an astronaut.


Książ Castle – Walbrzych, Poland - Atlas Obscura
Książ Castle
A fairytale Gothic castle steeped in Nazi treasure conspiracy theories.
Shrouded in secrets within the Owl Mountains of southwestern Poland, there sits a magnificent castle where many Nazi conspiracy theories find their roots.
Ksiaz Castle is an impressive fortress rising up on a cliff embankment and surrounded by lush forests and immaculate gardens. With a history that dates to the 12th century, the imposing complex has had a wide variety of important owners and architectural acknowledgments that are worth a visit in their own right. Today, however, it is what lies under the castle that draws people's attention.
Ksiaz was confiscated by the Nazis during World War II, and tens of thousands of Nazi prisoners, mainly Jews from Hungary and Poland, were forced to build a massive subterranean complex with 12-meter high ceilings beneath the Gothic and Baroque ramparts that rose above.
Most of the network of underground structures lie unfinished directly beneath the castle and in the surrounding area, all part of the mysterious Project Riese (German for "giant"). One of the largest Nazi construction projects during the war, Project Riese continues to baffle historians and scholars due to it's top-secret status and the few documents that remain detailing it's purpose. One thing is for certain: Upon completion of Project Riese the castle was to become Adolf Hitler's personal headquarters.
It never did though. The project was never finished and Ksiaz was eventually captured by the Red Army which stole, destroyed, and secreted much of the information relevant to the project. To this day, little but word of mouth rumors and stories can be gleaned from locals who tell of secret atomic weapons or hidden Nazi trains that are laden with valuable art and treasure, said to be booby trapped with extensive weaponry and lying within the soil around the complex.
Every year, treasure seekers from around the globe can be found hunting the hills around the castle with metal detectors and dowsing rods, hoping to be the one to find a cache of Nazi gold or any sort of hint to the secrets the castle's underground complexes may hold.
Know Before You Go
From Wroclaw, the castle is easy to get to by public services. Take a train from Wroclaw to Walbrzych-Miasto station which will take around an hour and thirty minutes and cost 14.60 zloty, and then jump on the number 8 or 12 bus. Alternatively you can drive the 70km from Wroclaw. Taxis from Walbrzych-Miasto are usually around 20-30 zloty.
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speak v1.1
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