Caught on camera: The Greenland tunnels that could speed ice melt
Video footage taken hundreds of metres inside Greenland's ice sheet has revealed a complex subglacial network of tunnels that carry water from the surface
Unique video footage taken 100m inside the ice has revealed a complex subglacial network of interconnecting tunnels that carry water from the surface to deep inside the ice sheet.
Konrad Steffen, an ice expert at the University of Colorado, told a global warming conference in Copenhagen that the discovery could explain sudden and severe increases in ice movement seen during peak summer. Water channelled from the surface to the base of the ice sheet could speed up the way it slides across the bedrock. On a large scale, this could cause the ice sheet to break up much faster than expected.
Steffen worked with experts from Nasa to design a special camera that his team dangled inside the Greenland ice in summer 2007. They sent it down a "moulin" — a hole at the surface that carries away fast-flowing streams of surface water produced from melted ice. "I have lots of graduate students working on this project, but we couldn't find any volunteers who were willing to go down there to take a look," he joked.
Experts suspect such moulins carry melt water from the surface to the bedrock, but until now it had been impossible to track the flow to check where water went.
Combined with images from a ground-penetrating radar dragged across the ice surface, Steffen's results showed that the moulin quickly widened beneath the surface. Several side channels carried water away to other parts of the ice sheet and fed the moulin from other holes on the surface. "The whole ice sheet is connected with these open channels," he said.


text:
When it's time to say, "See you later", sing this short and simple song, perfect for at home or in the classroom!
- See You Later, Alligator
- See You Later, Alligator | featuring The Super Simple Puppets
- Hello, My Friends
- Knock Knock, Trick Or Treat? (Part 2)
- Hello, Reindeer
- Goodbye, Snowman
- Hello Reindeer, Goodbye Snowman
- Hello, Trick Or Treat?
- Goodbye, My Friends
- Five Little Pumpkins
- Give Me Something Good To Eat
- Make A Circle

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Nested Object Form Support
Nested This allows forms to have arbitrarily complex nested forms that can build multiple related objects together. Let's take a simple example of a person with an address. Here are the related pseudo models:
class Person < ORM::Base has_many :addresses, :class_name => 'Address' accepts_nested_attributes_for :addresses, :allow_destroy => true end class Address < ORM::Base belongs_to :person end
The model declarations are dependent on your chosen ORM. Check the documentation to understand how to declare nested attributes in your given ORM component. Given those models and enabling nested attributes for the association, the following view will allow nested form creation:
= form_for _USER_, '/person/create' do |f| = f.text_field :name = f.text_field :favorite_color = f.fields_for :addresses do |address_form| = address_form.label :street = address_form.text_field :street = address_form.label :city = address_form.text_field :city - unless address_form.object.new_record? = address_form.check_box '_destroy' = address_form.label '_destroy', :caption => 'Remove' = submit_tag "Save"
This will present a form that allows the person's name and color to be set along with their first address. Using this functionality, the controller does not need to change whatsoever as the nested data will be passed in and instantiated as part of the parent model.
last updated: 2018-07-12comments powered by Disqus


text:
What Doesn't Belong
or 4 payments of $8.24 with Afterpay
Something's not right here! Use sorting and reasoning skills to work out what items don't belong in the row. This game will help you teach your child about visual perception, classifications and vocabulary.
- Skills: Visual perception, classifications and vocabulary
- Contains 16 pieces
- Ages 4+ Years
- Measures 60cm(H) x 24cm(W)
Hape is a leading manufacturer in high quality bamboo and wooden resources. Each toy is developed to encourage play based learning at its best. Hape's innovative, sustainable designs represent the next generation of play reflecting Hape's strong belief in "Children don't play to learn, children learn because they play".
Out of stock


We raised some issues with the SAP migration tools during a replatforming project including Unicode conversion from SUN/Oracle to Windows SQL Server.
Our migration went well and all the log files from the technical migration reported no error, but during the application testing the customer claimed some missing data in a couple of tables.
What happened:
These tables were splitted in at least four parts from the R3TA tool and exported and imported without any errors. After a detailed investigation, we found that some of the packages a empty:
0 rows exported and 0 rows imported.
A cross check inside the source SAP system with the select patterns out of the WHR files showed the missing entries. The select statement with the select criteria out of the HWR files executed directly on Oracle using sqlplus resulted with 0 rows again.
After tracing the selection of SE16 with ST05, we found the issue:
The WHERE condition inside SE16 was like
 - SELECT COUNT(*) from "/BIC/ADC_CNT200" WHERE "CRM_OHGUID" <= '4909283A9B121CF6E10000000A31EA29' AND "CRM_ITMGUI" ='';
 Result: 238656 rows
The WHERE clause with the conditions of the WHR files was:
 Result: 0 rows
The difference is the blank in the second condition! So the error is caused by the '' in the where condition created by the R3TA tool.
After changing the WHR file and re-export/re-import the table, we got the same row count on both sides.
Now the customer raised the concern about the consistency of the migrated data. Therefore we checked the row count for all tables on the source and the target system and compared these values with the information recorded in the *.toc (export) and *.log files (import) to be sure we didn't lost any data on the way from Oracle to SQL.
Thereby we found two additional strange phenomena:
 1. The cluster table REGUC had app. 18.000 additional rows on the target side, but from the application point of view it was consistent.
 1. The row count information from the *.toc and *.log files was not consistent with the row count in the source and target DB
To 1.: The phenomena with REGUC was raised by the data-growth during the UNICODE conversion. The table is a table cluster resp. A physical cluster table with a VARDATA field containing compressed raw data. The content of the VARDATA field is extracted and converted during the migration/Unicode conversion. The length of the field (3.800 bytes) doesn't change - however after the Unicode conversion some data doesn't fit in one record only so you have more records on the target. So a continuation record is created and the table has more records after the migration. This could be verified with the following select statement, which needs to show the same values on the source and target:
 - Select count(*) from REGUC where PAGENO=0;
 (table records without continuation records)
To 2.: For some transparent tables (e.g. PA0000 in the HCM system) we had the same row count information in the *.toc (export) and *.log (import) files. Both files showed 145.189 rows, but a select count(*) on the source and target DB showed 142.615.
We reported all the issues to SAP. The issue with the R3TA is already corrected in version 7.20 and higher and will be back-ported to earlier versions (7.0x and 7.1x), too. The issue with the inconsistent row count is still under investigation from SAP. I will update the blog, if we get an response from SAP
Lessons learned:
Don't trust the log files of the SAP migration tools, you have to verify the consistency of the databases by additional checks.


Harold Watkins
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"watkins" family name, ancestry, and history
Watkins is an English and Welsh surname derived as a patronymic from Watkin, in turn a diminutive of the name Watt (also Wat), a popular Middle English given name itself derived as a pet form of the name Walter. It may refer to: *Aaron S. Watkins, American academic and politician *Alan Watkins, British journalist *Alfred Watkins, British proponent of ley lines, pioneer photographer, author *Allan Watkins, Welsh cricketer *Arthur Vivian Watkins, American politician *Barry Watkins (full name Randall Burnell Watkins), Welsh footballer *Ben Watkins, British musician *Beverly Watkins ("Guitar" Watkins), American blues guitarist *Bill Watkins, Canadian baseball manager *Bob Watkins, American baseball player *Calvert Watkins, American linguist *Carleton Watkins, American photographer *David Watkins (disambiguation) *Dean Watkins, American engineer and candidate for Vice-President *Doug Watkins, American jazz bassist *Dudley D. Watkins, British comics artist and Desperate Dan creator *Gloria Watkins, African-American writer known as bell hooks *Howie Watkins, British broadcaster *Ian Watkins (disambiguation) *J. Elfreth Watkins, American engineer *James Watkins, British anatomist *James D. Watkins, American admiral and politician *Jenny Watkins-Isnardi, Welsh singer *John Watkins (disambiguation) *Kit Watkins, American musician *Leonard Watkins, Welsh international rugby player *Matthew Watkins, Welsh rugby player *Maurice Watkins, American boxer *Maurine Dallas Watkins, American dramatist *Mel Watkins, Canadian economist *Melvin Watkins, American basketball coach *Michael W. Watkins, American celebrity *Michaela Watkins, American actress *Oscar Ferris Watkins, British colonial administrator *Peter Watkins, British film director *Ramon Watkins, American UFO prophet Prophet Yahweh *Ryan Watkins (disambiguation) *Sam Watkins, American Civil War soldier *Sammy Watkins, American bandleader *Sara Watkins, American musician *Sean Watkins, American guitarist *Sherron Watkins, American executive, Enron vice president *Sid Watkins, British surgeon and race doctor *Stuart Watkins, Welsh international rugby player *Tasker Watkins, Welsh soldier *Tionne Watkins, American singer *Torrance Watkins, American equestrian *Travis E. Watkins, American programmer *Trevor Watkins, Welsh rugby player *Tuc Watkins, American actor *Vernon Watkins, Welsh poet *Wes Watkins, American politician
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text:
Scheduling and practicing go hand in hand. With eFaqt, you can not only summarize, make flashcards and exchange these, you can also schedule when you have to do your reviews. Today, we will briefly show you how this feature works within eFaqt.
When you click on your account name top right, you can view your preferences.. Here you can choose how long your study sessions should take, and how long your breaks should take. Also, you can choose how often your reviews should be planned.
2. Chapters to practice
When you click: "Practice my summary", you see this toolbar on the left. This tells you how much you know per chapter, and when you should review it. In my case, I only know 2% of the first chapter, and have missed my review 6 days ago. Based on this information, I can start scheduling my study sessions. Oops! Time to get started!
3. Why should I schedule?
Proper scheduling is essential to proper practicing. This is because your brain doesn't retain everything easily. If you would remember everything, your brain would burst! Based on research on effective rehearsal, we have incorporated a recommended schedule for reviewing with our practicing tool. A little more info on this topic can be found in this blogpost, about how practicing works and why you should do it! Also, you can see how you can use our practice tool in this other tutorial blogpost. Now we believe, nothing can go wrong – Good luck!
Ready to schedule like a pro? In eFaqt you can find free summaries from other students, or you can create and practice your own summaries. Study faster, remember more, and connect with your study mates! Don't have an eFaqt account yet? Create a new account in one minute!


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My InsightCM™ CMS or MMS device is not online. How can I bring the device online?
For steps to bring a CMS or MMS device online, please refer to Troubleshooting Devices That Do Not Come Online.
A CMS or MMS device can fail to come online for several reasons, such as network configuration issues, application image issues, or failure of the device to authenticate itself with the server.The following conditions must be met for a device to come online:
The device must go through the following steps to successfully transition to an online state:
I. The server must be able to resolve the device's IP address. If the IP address is not visible to the server, then network configuration changes must be made to the network or the device's IP address must be changed.
II. The device must be running the InsightCM application. If the device is not running the application, the user can image the device from the server or use the Replication and Deployment Utility.
III. Once the device is running the InsightCM application image, the CMS device must pass several authentication and validation steps. The server sends connection information to the device, which includes the server's IP address and TCP port number. The device and server then perform a handshake to authorize the device. After the device has received authorization, the server then checks for configuration files on the device, which give application image and hardware configuration. The user then configures the device and saves the configuration.
IV. Once the device configurations are saved, the server sends the updated configuration files to the CMS devices, which causes the device to reset. For a detailed description of the connection process, see What is the Connection Process Between the InsightCM Server and CMS Device?
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Internal Link
What is an Internal Referral (Same Link Referral)?
When a customer commences a search on the internet, call tracking captures the journey from the initial referral, through to the pages that the customer browses, right down to the page that a phone call is made fromproviding Delacon call tracking code is present on all pages.
If the code is correctly implemented, we will see a clear snapshot of the customer journey from start to finish.
If, however one or more website pages do not have the Delacon code, this creates a break in the journey, and only the path re-starting from a page with code (after visiting one without) will be recorded as the new start point of the customer journey. When tracking code is missing from a page on a website, it breaks the chain.
For example, if tracking code is correctly implemented on all pages and a customer types the word "Delacon" into a search engine, clicks onto our Home page, then our Integrations page and then our Contact page– we will be able to capture all details including the keyword/search terms used to initiate the original search, name of search engine and all pages visited on the website before a phone call was made.
If for instance code is present on all pages other than our Integrations page, and the customer follows the same pattern, we will not see any tracking data other than the customer landing on the contact us page, losing valuable insights. The absence of code on a page breaks the tracking of the customer journey.
This is why it's important to ensure all pages contain the correct Delacon tracking code.
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text:
Objectives: To assess the Pre-bronchodilator criteria and the Post-bronchodilator criteria of FEV1/FVC ratio in diagnosing Airflow obstruction.
Methods: An observational study was conducted from 1988 to 2006 at the Aga Khan University Hospital Patients referred to the pulmonary function test laboratory for spirometry with bronchodilator reversibility at the hospital during the above said period were enrolled. Forced spirometry was performed according to ATS guidelines. All patients who had pre-bronchodilator criteria of airflow obstruction were analyzed and compared with the post bronchodilator criteria.
Results: A total of 4222 individuals underwent spirometry out of which 4072 individuals were studied. Using the pre bronchodilator criteria, 1375 (34%) patients had airflow obstruction. Applying the post bronchodilator criteria on the same patients, 1098 (27%) had evidence of airway obstruction. Out of these 1375 patients who had airflow obstruction by using pre-bronchodilator criteria, 277 (20%) patients had no airflow obstruction by using the post bronchodilator criteria. Out of these 277 patients, 52% had significant airways reversibility as evidenced by >12% increase in their FEV1 pre and post bronchodilator.
Conclusion: Pre bronchodilator criteria for detection of airflow obstruction overestimate the diagnosis of airflow obstruction and by using post bronchodilator criteria for airway obstruction on spirometry, decreases this over diagnosis of the condition


Manually placing text characters
Hi, I would like to create different parts of words separately so as to give them different colours, and then place them together so that they look natural. Unfortunately, when I try this, things are a little off.
local fontSize = 16
local abcd = display.newText{text = "abcd", fontSize = fontSize}
abcd.x, abcd.y = display.screenOriginX + abcd.width, display.screenOriginY + abcd.height
local a = display.newText{text = "a", fontSize = fontSize}
a.x, a.y = abcd.x - abcd.width*0.5 + a.width*0.5, abcd.y + abcd.height*0.7
local bcd = display.newText{text = "bcd", fontSize = fontSize}
bcd.x, bcd.y = a.x + a.width*0.5 + bcd.width*0.5, a.y
As you can see, there is a couple of extra pixels between the bottom a and the red bcd.
Could anyone please explain what's going on, or suggest a solution?
Your code is hard to read. As I can see you are trying to find the X position based on the width of "a", "bcd" or "abcd". But the width is always different, see width prints in my example.
So it's better to use one standard number, like the height, because it's the same. See height prints in my example.
Also try to make your code clean and easy to read otherwise you will be making mistakes that are hard to find.
I'm not sure if my example is the best, but this worked for me. Just play with the numbers and use prints to see output of the values.
local left = display.screenOriginX + 100
local top = display.screenOriginY + 100
local font = "Arial"
local fontSize = 60
local abcd = display.newText("abcd", left, top, font, fontSize )
local a = display.newText("a", 0, 0, font, fontSize)
 a.x = abcd.x - (abcd.height * 0.7)
 a.y = abcd.y + (abcd.height * 0.7)
local bcd = display.newText("bcd", 0, 0, font, fontSize)
 bcd.x = abcd.x + (abcd.height * 0.25)
 bcd.y = abcd.y + (abcd.height * 0.7)
print("abcd.width", abcd.width)
print("a.width", a.width)
print("bcd.width", bcd.width)
print("abcd.height", abcd.height)
print("a.height", a.height)
print("bcd.height", bcd.height)
Using a fixed width font will also make it easier. That is what I use for my word search app. There are plenty to choose from:
1 Like
Thanks for the replies. Sorry about the sloppy code, my brain was running out of steam when I posted and I wasn't thinking at my best (which isn't great at the best of times…).
I'm not sure I understand the problem with positioning things by width. If I place one object on top of another, and then move it left or right by half of each of their widths, they should be flush. I've done this lots of times with other display objects without problem.
I've tried it with a fixed-width font and it's the same problem.
Some investigation seems to suggest the issue only occurs when the first part of "conjoined" text objects is made from a single character:
local left = display.screenOriginX
local top = display.screenOriginY
local fontSize = 16
local function make(firstString, secondString, y)
 local whole = display.newText{text = firstString..secondString, y = y, fontSize = fontSize}; whole:setFillColor(1,0,0)
 local firstPart = display.newText{text = firstString, fontSize = fontSize}
 local secondPart = display.newText{text = secondString, fontSize = fontSize}
 whole.x = left + whole.width/2
 firstPart.x = left + firstPart.width/2
 secondPart.x = firstPart.x + firstPart.width/2 + secondPart.width/2
 firstPart.y = whole.y + whole.height*0.7
 secondPart.y = firstPart.y
 local combinedWidth = firstPart.width + secondPart.width
 print(whole.width, combinedWidth)
make("a", "b", top + fontSize/2)
make("a", "bb", top + 50)
make("aa", "b", top + 100)
make("aa", "bb", top + 150)
A quick test suggests I can resolve this by checking that the first part of a conjoined pair is a single character, and if it is, place the second part as normal, but move it back by an amount equal to half the difference between the width of the whole and the sum of the widths of the two parts. Sorry if that's confusing. Hopefully you can figure out what I mean.
I'll let you know how it goes.
I jumped the gun when I concluded that the problem only arises when the first part is a single character. Moreover, the particular letters involved make a difference. For example:
make("ab", "b", top + fontSize/2) -- fine
make("fb", "b", top + 50) -- not fine
I'll keep at it and see if I can make any sense of it, but most likely it's down to really nitty-gritty source code stuff that is way beyond me.
I don't think that you can accomplish what you are trying to accomplish via display.newText API. You'll need to use bitmap fonts.
Yeah, I was just looking into ponyFont as you said that. :slight_smile:


Pasaia (Basque Country)
Flat transom
Installing prefabricated structure
This is an important step in the building process, and in the sixteenth century it was the biggest prefabricated element made during the construction of a ship. This sturdy structure four meters wide and nearly six meters high should be strong enough to withstand the impact of the Atlantic waves. The great timber that runs from top to bottom in the middle of the structure is the sternpost; the spintles supporting the rudder will be added to it on a later phase.
The lower end of the flat transom is fitted into the notch created by the heel and the sternpost knee. Thick nails one foot long and sturdy iron bolts make sure the union is solid enough.
An improvement in shipbuilding
At the time of the San Juan most ships had a flat transom. However, that wasn't the norm a hundred years before. Back then it was an innovation that would transform shipbuilding. Up until the second half of the 15th century both the front and back ends of a ship were built in quite a similar way. The forward end of the side planks of the hull were nailed to the stem and the back end on the sternpost, the main difference being that the stem was curved and the sternpost was straight.
Creating a flat surface on the back of the ship (called a flat transom) made the construction easier, and the inner volume of the hull became bigger. Having a flat transom was an important improvement for Basque ships that had to go through the Atlantic carrying great loads.
Mounting the flat transom in place
The means available in the 16th century for lifting and putting the flat transom in its precise location were rudimentary: wooden cranes, block and tackle, and the effort of men and oxen. Instead, we will use a modern crane. Just trying to imagine the organizational effort needed to make it the old way makes us –once more– appreciate the skills of the technicians of that era.
More pictures of building process here


text:
Draw.io offers pre-built shapes, as well as raster and SVG images that you can pull in and use. This provides you with a lot of flexibility, but this approach has the downside that you can't style raster or SVG images, except these colors in SVG images. draw.io doesn't understand where to draw a shadow, which line(s) the line width applies to, etc.
Shapes can be edited by clicking the Edit shape button in the Style section of the Format Panel (Ctrl+Shift+P). Here is a description of the XML format. An instructional example that tries to demonstrate a number of elements and the XSD are also available.
The outer element is , that has attributes:
- "name", string, required. The stencil name that uniquely identifies the shape. Not used in draw.io currently.
- "w" and "h" are optional decimal view bounds. This defines your co-ordinate system for the graphics operations in the shape. The default is 100,100.
- "aspect", optional string. Either "variable", the default, or "fixed". Fixed means always render the shape with the aspect ratio defined by the ratio w/h. Variable causes the ratio to match that of the geometry of the current vertex.
- "strokewidth", optional string. Either an integer or the string "inherit". "inherit" indicates that the strokeWidth of the cell is only changed on scaling, not on resizing. If numeric values are used, the strokeWidth of the cell is changed on both scaling and resizing and the value defines the multiple that is applied to the width. Default is "1".
If you want to define specific fixed connection points on the shape use the element. Each element within connections defines a fixed connection point on the shape. Constraints have attributes:
- "perimeter", required. 1 or 0. 0 sets the connection point where specified by x,y. 1 Causes the position of the connection point to be extrapolated from the center of the shape, through x,y to the point of intersection with the perimeter of the shape.
- "x" and "y" are the position of the fixed point relative to the bounds of the shape. They can be automatically adjusted if perimeter=1. So, (0,0) is top left, (0.5,0.5) the center, (1,0.5) the center of the right hand edge of the bounds, etc. Values may be less than 0 or greater than 1 to be positioned outside of the shape.
- "name", optional string. A unique identifier for the port on the shape.
 and
The path of the graphics drawing is split into two elements, and . The split is to define which part any shadow applied to the shape is derived from (the background). This, generally, means the background is the line tracing of the outside of the shape, but not always.
Any stroke, fill or fillstroke of a background must be the first element of the foreground element, they must not be used within . If the background is empty, this is not required.
Because the background cannot have any fill or stroke, it can contain only one , , or element (or none). It can also not include , or .
Note that the state, styling and drawing in mxGraph stencils is very close in design to that of HTML 5 canvas. Tutorials on this subject, if you're not familiar with the topic, will give a good high-level introduction to the concepts used.
Rendering within the foreground and background elements has the concept of state. There are two types of operations other than state save/load, styling and drawing. The styling operations change the current state, so you can save the current state with and pull the last saved state from the state stack using .
The elements that change colors within the current state all take a hash prefixed hex color code ("_TAG_").
- , this sets the color that drawing paths will be rendered in when a stroke or fillstroke command is issued.
- , this sets the color that the inside of closed paths will be rendered in when a fill or fillstroke command is issued.
- , this sets the color that fonts are rendered in when text is drawn.
 defines the degree of transparency used between 1.0 for fully opaque and 0.0 for fully transparent.
 defines the integer thickness of drawing elements rendered by stroking. Use fixed="1" to apply the value as-is, without scaling.
 is "1" for dashing enabled and "0" for disabled.
When is enabled the current dash pattern, defined by , is used on strokes. dashpattern is a sequence of space separated "on, off" lengths that define what distance to paint the stroke for, then what distance to paint nothing for, repeat... The default is "3 3". You could define a more complex pattern with "5 3 2 6", for example. Generally, it makes sense to have an even number of elements in the dashpattern, but that's not required.
, and are best explained by the Mozilla page on Canvas styling (about halfway down). The values are all the same except we use "flat" for linecap, instead of Canvas' "butt".
For font styling there are:
- , an integer,
- , an ORed bit pattern of bold (1), italic (2) and underline (4), i.e bold underline is "5",
- , is a string defining the typeface to be used.
Most drawing is contained within a element. Again, the graphic primitives are very similar to that of HTML 5 canvas.
- to attributes required decimals (x,y).
- to attributes required decimals (x,y).
- to required decimals (x2,y2) via control point required decimals (x1,y1).
- to required decimals (x3,y3), via control points required decimals (x1,y1) and (x2,y2).
- , this doesn't follow the HTML Canvas signatures, instead it's a copy of the SVG arc command. The SVG specification documentation gives the best description of its behaviors. The attributes are named identically, they are decimals and all required.
- ends the current subpath and causes an automatic straight line to be drawn from the current point to the initial point of the current subpath.
In addition to the graphics primitive operations there are non-primitive operations. These provide an easy method to draw some basic shapes:
- , attributes "x", "y", "w", "h", all required decimals
- , attributes "x", "y", "w", "h", all required decimals. Also "arcsize" an optional decimal attribute defining how large, the corner curves are.
- , attributes "x", "y", "w", "h", all required decimals.
Note that these 3 shapes and all paths must be followed by either a fill, stroke, or fillstroke.
 elements have the following attributes:
- "str", the text string to display, required.
- "x" and "y", the decimal location (x,y) of the text element, required.
- "align", the horizontal alignment of the text element, either "left", "center" or "right". Optional, default is "left".
- "valign", the vertical alignment of the text element, either "top", "middle" or "bottom". Optional, default is "top".
- "localized", 0 or 1, if 1 then the "str" actually contains a key to use to fetch the value out of mxResources. Optional, default is 0, unused in draw.io.
- "vertical", 0 or 1, if 1 the label is rendered vertically (rotated by 90 degrees). Optional, default is 0.
- "rotation", angle in degrees (0 to 360). The angle to rotate the text by. Optional, default is 0.
- "align-shape", 0 or 1, if 0 ignore the rotation of the shape when setting the text rotation. Optional, default is 1.
- "placeholders", 0 or 1, if 1 placeholders of the form %name% will be replaced with their values. Optional, default is 0.
 elements can either be external URLs, or data URIs, where supported (not in IE 7-). Attributes are:
- "src", required string. Either a data URI or URL.
- "x", "y", required decimals. The (x,y) position of the image.
- "w", "h", required decimals. The width and height of the image.
- "flipH" and "flipV", optional 0 or 1. Whether to flip the image along the horizontal/vertical axis. Default is 0 for both.
Sub-shapes (only supported for built-in shapes in draw.io)
 allow stencils to be rendered within the current stencil by referencing the sub-stencil by name. Attributes are:
- "name", required string. The unique shape name of the stencil.
- "x", "y", "w", "h", required decimals. The (x,y) position of the


text:
Early forests tamed wild rivers
The evolution and spread of trees stabilised river banks and changed landscapes around the world forever, geologists say.
Before the switch, broad, shallow, braided river channels could spread and migrate endlessly from side to side.
Only when tree-like plants with deep roots took hold some 330 million years ago did river banks finally come under control, say researchers.
Their assessment is published in the journal Nature Geoscience.
When the change occurred, rivers became single, deeper channels that meandered slowly across the floodplain, and only occasionally breaking their banks and carving out new channels.
The landscape has never looked back - large meandering river channels have dominated the lowlands ever since.
These stabilised, fixed-channel flood plains are well watered and can develop deep, organic soil, supporting rich, forested ecosystems.
This new paradigm for landscape and ecosystem evolution comes from field work and an analysis of 330 published studies of river channels preserved in rock strata and exposed in cliff faces.
Neil Davies and Martin Gibling from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, describe the appearance of a distinctive pattern of river deposits in sedimentary rocks from the Carboniferous Period that persists in every subsequent geological period.
In some places, the team noted that fossilised trunks and log jams had been preserved in channel sediments, proof that trees were growing along the banks.
"The depth and diversity of rooting increased dramatically," write the authors. "This would have greatly boosted the stability of the entire floodplain."
The Carboniferous Period saw complex and varied plant life flourish on Earth. In this period, thick coal deposits formed as plants died and were buried in the swampy plains. These deposits are the basis of our current carbon-based economy.
Flood plains also provide the most fertile farmland on Earth. They allowed early human civilisation to develop, with settled populations and agriculture, and are now home to some of the largest and most densely populated cities.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English homepage
2 verb
assault2 [transitive]
1 to attack someone in a violent way:
Two men assaulted him after he left the bar.
sexually/indecently assault
He was found guilty of indecently assaulting a student.
2 literary if a feeling, sound, smell etc assaults you, it affects you in a way that makes you uncomfortable or upset:
The noises and smells of the market assaulted her senses.
3 to strongly criticize someone's ideas, plans etc
4 to try to do something very difficult:
a task force to assault the problems
Dictionary pictures of the day
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text:
Resource centre > News > New International Declaration for Ecological Restoration by Botanic Gardens
New International Declaration for Ecological Restoration by Botanic Gardens
11th April 2011
Above: Habitat recovery of scrub thorn vegetation in the Soan Valley, Punjab Province, Pakistan (March 2011). Planted seedlings of Acacia modesta and Olea ferruginea are protected with branches of Dodonea viscosa. A joint project of Government College University Lahore, Pakistan, and BGCI.
The Botanic Gardens Ecological Restoration Initiative ('The New York Declaration') was agreed by eleven organisations at a meeting in New York, USA in March 2011.
'Terrestrial ecosystems are being degraded and used unsustainably worldwide and are at risk of further degradation or imminent loss. Forty percent of the world's forests have been completely destroyed and much of what is left is fragmented. In many of the more seriously affected places, remaining habitats are not adequate for biodiversity conservation nor can they provide key ecosystem goods and services that supply fundamental economic benefits and contribute to poverty alleviation.'
The Declaration ends with a pledge to 'develop a global alliance of botanic gardens for ecological restoration with ambitious long term goals'.
Botanic Gardens Conservation International
Read the full text of The Botanic Gardens Ecological Restoration Initiative (PDF)
All botanic gardens that are interested in working together on ecological restoration are invited to contact Sara Oldfield at BGCI (_EMAIL_).
Read more about the joint ecological restoration project of Government College University Lahore, Pakistan, and BGCI.
10th May 2013
1st May 2013
26th April 2013
25th April 2013
23rd April 2013


What is cavitation?
What do beer bottles, the mantis shrimp and propellers have in common?
They are both good way to see a phenomenon called cavitation in action.
Cavitation happens when the pressure in a liquid suddenly drops. The drop in pressure is caused by pushing a liquid quicker than it can react, leaving behind an area of low pressure often as a bubble of gas.
Full video from Slow Mo Guys
In the above example the glass bottle is hit from the top, the glass moves down faster than the water, causing air bubbles and low pressure to form at the bottom. Once the bubbles collapse a shock wave breaks the bottle of the glass.
In general, objects like propellers are designed to avoid cavitation and the damage it can cause. However there is one animal that exploits the effect. The Mantis shrimp uses a punch strong enough to cause cavitation to stun prey. It can also be used to break down kidney stones, sterilise water, or break up dirt.
The folowing links are external


Starting a Session (Waterford UPSTART)
The Start Session button allows parents of Waterford UPSTART users to begin a session for their child. To start a session through Waterford Mentor:
 1. Log in to your Waterford Mentor account.
 2. Scroll to the name of the child whose session you are starting.
 3. Click on the Start Session button to the right of their name.
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text:
Harmful to someone or something; detrimental: the conclusions in the annual report of the commission are prejudicious
More example sentences
- The belief is widespread that uncleanness bears or contains some noxious power which is injurious to health and life and prejudicious to man's higher interests.
- In a letter, the bishop of Arequipa referred to independence as "irrational, prejudicious, injurious, and criminal before God."
- Sleeping on a post would be a good deal more sensible, unless there's a nail in it, which might be prejudicious for the uniform.
- More example sentences
- The possibility that various groups of poverty children might have other linguistic styles is discounted by simply and prejudiciously considering such children to be linguistically immature.
- There was no weapon possessed by organized labor that could successfully cope with the 'power of this judge-made law' which affected so prejudiciously the interests of the workers.
- Numerous human realities formed through human practice are often prejudiciously closed rather than open.


text:
ReLUs: An Alternative to the ReLU Activation Function
In an attempt to reduce the impact caused by the Dying ReLU issue on Neural Networks and improve accuracy, the Rectified Linear Unit with Sigmoid (ReLUs) does not flatten out negative weights to zero, instead, it combines them with a sigmoid call and an extra hyper-parameter, thus enabling differentiability. This approach is also superior to the Leaky-ReLU implementation due to the oscillations that it adds to negative weights. it uses the difference between the sigmoid of sine and cosine functions to create a wave, thus deactivating some neurons during the forward pass, but not all of them.
With a Computer Science background, 25 years developing standalone, distributed and mobile systems, plus a passion for Artificial Intelligence, Wilder has built a stronghold of knowledge which he loves to share with communities. His passion for AI, and being a contestant at the IBM Watson AI XPRIZE competition, has brought him to the AI for Good Summit, in Geneva at the United Nations, as a guest attendee. Wilder is currently Ambassador at the City.A, which is a large community present in 40+ cities.


The history of Peyo
Peyo, the very first smurf
A distant descendant of the pirate Robert Culliford, Peyo (whose real name was Pierre Culliford) was born in the Brussels commune of Schaerbeek, on June 25th 1928. No one knows if his first word was 'Schtroumpf'...
Peyo's passport
Peyo's passport
His real first name: Pierre
Last name: Culliford
Spoke: French (and a bit of Smurf)
Lived in: Brussels (Belgium) – the capital of waffles and Manneken Pis
Worked as: a comic artist
Biggest invention: The Smurfs
Is also the father of: Johan and Peewit, Poussy, a clumsy and mischievous cat; Steve Strong, a young boy with an incredible strength who loses this powers when he catches a cold.
The history of Peyo
Peyo's first job
The year is 1928... In New York the first 'talking' film is being projected and Walt Disney is drawing his first sketches of Mickey Mouse.
On June 25th of the same year a baby boy called Pierre Culliford was born in the outskirts of Brussels.
Due to his father's premature death, Peyo had to start earning a living at a young age. His first job was as a movie projectionist in the small 'Le Mirano' cinema. The medieval and science-fiction movies had a profound effect on him and inspired him throughout his career as an artist.
Fun fact: smoking was not allowed in the projection rooms so Peyo invented a technique to avoid getting caught: if his boss came into the room he would hide his lit cigarette in his mouth. An early sign of him being as mischievous as Jokey...
The history of Peyo
Peyo drawing
For his next job he almost became a dentist's assistant (thank goodness he didn't). Luckily, he was hired by a cartoon studio instead where he met and worked with some of Europe's most influential comic book artists such as Franquin (Marsupilami) and Morris (Lucky Luke). It was during a cartoon called 'Le cadeau à la fée' (The gift to the Fairy) that little blue imps with flowers as hats made an appearance as they put together a large cake in a very'smurfy' way! Unfortunately the studio closes down and Pierre Culliford decides to move into comics.
The history of Peyo
Peyo signature Smurfs - Johan and Peewit
Smurfly named Peyo
When he decided to become a full-time comic artist, Peyo, who was still signing his work with his full name, decided he needed a pen name. He found inspiration in his childhood nickname 'Pierrot' or, as one of his younger cousins (who couldn't pronounce the 'r') called him, 'Pe-yot'.
Captain Coky
After several unsuccessful attempts with pirate comics (Captain Coky), Peyo decided to draw what he really loved, stories based in the Middle Ages. He publishes strips in several dailies. He drew some Johan strips for the Belgian daily newspaper 'Le Soir' and then for 'Spirou' magazine.
Johan soon became a huge success and one of the magazine's main characters. The King's page, Johan, and his friend Peewit have fun and countless adventures defending the less-fortunate throughout the kingdom.
The history of Peyo
La flute a six Schtroumpfs
A Smurf is born!
For Johan and Peewit's ninth book of adventures, Peyo needed a group of imps to build a magic flute. He remembers a meal he had with his friend André Franquin (Marsupilami) when he'd wanted to ask Franquin to pass him the salt. But he couldn't remember the word so he says: "Pass me the... uhm... the smurf!". Franquin hands it over and answers: "Here's the smurf. Once you've smurfed with it you can smurf it back to me!" And so the name and language of the little imps were invented and on page 38 a small voice suddenly appears: "Can't you look where you smurf? You nearly smurfed me!" Then a blue skinned imp emerges from behind a rock. And that was the first time anyone ever saw a Smurf!
The history of Peyo
Le faux Schtroumpf
We want Smurf! We want Smurf!
The readers instantly fell in love with these mischievous and charming beings who love having fun, live in mushroom-shaped houses and speak a weird and wonderful language. The readers wanted to see them again in the following episodes.
The history of Peyo
Smurfandising in the 60's
Advertising departments rapidly saw the potential of the Smurf phenomenon and BP, Kellogg's, Côte d'Or and BN were some of the first companies to surf the incredible and increasingly popular Smurf wave.
But it is probably the PVC figurines of the little blue beings, first sold by Bully and then by Schleich, that had the most success.
Smurf toys
The history of Peyo
Smurf flute
The Magic Flute
The Smurfs were first seen on Belgian television in a series of short animated films, made by TVA Dupuis, the television animation studio of Charles Dupuis (the spiritual father of Robbedoes magazine). A couple of years later, in 1975, the Belgian Belvision studio produced a full-length feature based on 'The Magic Flute' which really triggered the Smurfs success. The movie was released in Belgium, France and the Netherlands.
The history of Peyo
Click on the image above to see the video
What's on the Smurf tonight?
In 1981, The Smurfs debuted on the American NBC TV Channel, thanks to the famous cartoons produced by the Hanna-Barbera Studios, who also made 'Tom & Jerry' and 'The Flintstones'. But the success didn't stop there - the Smurfs were quickly aired around the world, even in countries that didn't even know the Smurfs comics! Even now, 30 years later, the Hanna-Barbera cartoons (the Smurfs star in 256 different episodes!) are still broadcast everyday on major TV channels worldwide.
The history of Peyo
Peyo toy
Planetary success
The success of the Smurfs became planetary in the 80's because of the cartoons. There are few regions left where their silhouettes are not recognised at first glance, but their name changes in every country: the Smurfs, die Schlümpfe, Los Pitufos, I Puffi, de Smurfen, les Schtroumpfs...
They are no longer limited to the page and the screen. The merchandising business really explodes. The Smurfs have become techno-music stars, as well as inspiring a steadily increasing collection of popular figurines, video games, toys...and many other derived products. On top of that, many companies made use of their image to promote their own products.
The history of Peyo
The Smurfs movie - trailer Click on the image above to see the video
Where the Smurf are we?
In August 2011, the Smurfs make their return to the big screen again, this time in 3D! The Smurfs Movie - Columbia Pictures and Sony Pictures Animation hybrid live-action and animated family comedy - in which the Smurfs get lost in present day New York City - was directed by Raja Gosnell and produced by Jordan Kerner. This event will introduce the beloved blue characters to a whole new generation of kids.
The history of Peyo
Smurf to the limit
Peyo left us on December 24, 1992 but the Smurfs have continued their many adventures and are today looking forward to a bright and even more exciting future, always ready to take on new challenges.
Meet the Smurfs
The village
Each Smurf has his own mushroom shaped house. Seen from the outside they all look the same, but once you go inside you really notice the Smurfs' different personalities.
The village
Johan and Peewit
Johan is a pageboy who defends widows and orphans. Peewit is Johan's friend. He rides a goat called Biquette and enjoys playing pranks on everyone. They're both good friends with the Smurfs.
Homnibus is a great magician and a very good friend of Papa Smurf. They spend long hours together talking about magic and alchemy.
Mother Nature
Mother Nature makes the different seasons come and go in Smurfland. When she's asleep, winter takes over and when she wakes up, so does nature.
The animals
The Smurfs are friends with all the animals (except for Azrael and the Howlibird of course). But some of them are particularly good friends, like the storks and the squirrels.
Gargamel's hut
Gargamel's hut is dangerous for the Smurfs. It's a gloomy and unhappy place where bats swoop around at night. There is nothing much there, except for an old long-dead tree.
Gargamel is a wicked sorcerer who wants to capture the Smurfs to extract their essence. That way he can create the Philosophal Stone which turns metal into gold.
Azrael is Gargamel's cat. His main preoccupation is to catch Smurfs


text:
Morphology in WordNet uses two types of processes to try to convert the string passed into one that can be found in the WordNet database. There are lists of inflectional endings, based on syntactic category, that can be detached from individual words in an attempt to find a form of the word that is in WordNet. There are also exception list files, one for each syntactic category, in which a search for an inflected form is done. Morphy tries to use these two processes in an intelligent manner to translate the string passed to the base form found in WordNet. Morphy first checks for exceptions, then uses the rules of detachment. The Morphy functions are not independent from WordNet. After each transformation, WordNet is searched for the resulting string in the syntactic category specified.
The Morphy functions are passed a string and a syntactic category. A string is either a single word or a collocation. Since some words, such as axes can have more than one base form (axe and axis ), Morphy works in the following manner. The first time that Morphy is called with a specific string, it returns a base form. For each subsequent call to Morphy made with a NULL string argument, Morphy returns another base form. Whenever Morphy cannot perform a transformation, whether on the first call for a word or subsequent calls, NULL is returned. A transformation to a valid English string will return NULL if the base form of the string is not in WordNet.
The morphological functions are found in the WordNet library. See morph(3WN) for information on using these functions.
If the word is not found in the exception list corresponding to the syntactic category, an algorithmic process using the rules of detachment looks for a matching suffix. If a matching suffix is found, a corresponding ending is applied (sometimes this ending is a NULL string, so in effect the suffix is removed from the word), and WordNet is consulted to see if the resulting word is found in the desired part of speech.
Verb collocations that contain prepositions, such as ask for it, are more difficult. As with single words, the exception list is searched first. If the collocation is not found, special code in Morphy determines whether a verb collocation includes a preposition. If it does, a function is called to try to find the base form in the following manner. It is assumed that the first word in the collocation is a verb and that the last word is a noun. The algorithm then builds a search string with the base forms of the verb and noun, leaving the remainder of the collocation (usually just the preposition, but more words may be involved) in the middle. For example, passed asking for it, the database search would be performed with ask for it, which is found in WordNet, and therefore returned from Morphy. If a verb collocation does not contain a preposition, then the base form of each word in the collocation is found and WordNet is searched for the resulting string.
Morphy will allow non-words to be converted to words, if they follow one of the rules described above. For example, it will happily convert plantes to plants.
Table of Contents


McDonnell Douglas AIR-2A Genie Rocket
This page has hierarchy - Parent page: Engines & Weapons
The Air-2A Genie rocket is an unguided air to air rocket with a 1.5 kiloton nuclear warhead. It was designed to be used against enemy bombers.
Designed by the Douglas Aircraft Company (later to become McDonnell Douglas) in 1955, the Air-2A was originally known as the MB-1. The Genie became operational, January 1957. On July 19, 1957 a USAF F-89J Scorpion aircraft launched a Genie from an altitude of 18,000 feet. The rocket was detonated over the Yucca Flats, Nevada. This was the first and only test detonation of a U.S. made nuclear-tipped air to air rocket in North America.
The Genie was primarily carried on F-89J Scorpion, F-101B Voodoo, F-102A Delta Dagger and F-106A Delta Dart aircraft. The production of the Genie ended in 1962 and remained in USAF service until the mid- 1980s.
Museum Examples:
The Genie was the lcon weapon system of the CF-101 Voodoo. The Atlantic Canada Aviation Museum currently has two Genie rockets in it collection. Both are the training version of the Genie rocket. They have an inert rocket motor and no warhead. The training version is known as the ATR-2N.
ORIGIN – Douglas Aircraft Company, U.S.A.
TYPE – Unguided Air-to-Air Rocket
PROPULSION – Thiockol TU-289 solid motor with 16,600 kg (36,600 lb) thrust
DIMENSIONS – Length 2.946m (9ft 8in)
Span (fins extended) 1.016m (3ft 4in)
Body diameter (except warhead)
44.5cm (17.5in)
LAUNCH WEIGHT – 373kg (822lb)
RANGE – 8-10km (5-6.2 miles)


Montana Fare (No. 407)
First Aired Monday, November 02, 2009
How do Americans decide what food to eat? Examine contemporary food culture in rural Montana through the eyes of two women who try to feed their families while living 50 miles from the nearest grocery store. What is more important: quantity or quality, taste or price?


text:
By A. S. MICHAEL
BEEKEEPING IN THE UNITED STATES
AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK NUMBER 335
Revised October 1980
Pages 161 – 167
The Federal Government has no laws or regulations on bee diseases within the United States. However, on August 31, 1922, Congress passed a law, popularly known as the Honeybee Act, restricting importing living adult honey bees into the United States. This act was amended in 1947, 1962, and 1976. The 1976 amendment, Pub. L. 94-319, includes the following:
(a) In order to prevent the introduction and spread of diseases and parasites harmful to honeybees, and the introduction of genetically undesirable germ plasm of honeybees, the importation into the United States of all honeybees is prohibited, except that honeybees may be imported into the United States-
(1) by the United States Department of Agriculture for experimental or scientific purposes, or
(2) from countries determined by the Secretary of Agriculture-
(A) to be free of diseases or parasites harmful to honeybees, and undesirable species or subspecies of honeybees; and
(B) to have in operation precautions adequate to prevent the importation of honeybees from other countries where harmful diseases or parasites, or undesirable species or subspecies, of honeybees exist.
(b) Honeybee semen may be imported into the United States only from countries determined by the Secretary of Agriculture to be free of undesirable species or subspecies of honeybees, and which have in operation precautions adequate to prevent the importation of such undesirable honeybees and their semen.
(c) Honeybees and honeybee semen imported pursuant to subsections (a) and (b) of this section shall be imported under such rules and regulations as the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe.
(d) Except with respect to honeybees and honeybee semen imported pursuant to subsections (a) and (b) of this section, all honeybees or honeybee semen offered for import or intercepted entering the United States shall be destroyed or immediately exported.
(e) As used in this Act, the term "honeybee" means all life stages and the germ plasm of honeybees of the genus Apis, except honeybee semen.
Any person who violates any provision of section 1 of this Act or any regulation issued under it is guilty of an offense against the United States and shall, upon conviction, be fined not more than $1,000, or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both.
The Secretary of Agriculture either independently or in cooperation with States or political subdivisions thereof, farmers' associations, and similar organizations and individuals, is authorized to carry out operations or measures in the United States to eradicate, suppress, control, and to prevent or retard the spread of undesirable species and subspecies of honeybees.
The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to cooperate with the Governments of Canada, Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia, or the local authorities thereof, in carrying out necessary research, surveys, and control operations in those countries in connection with the eradication, suppression, control, and prevention or retardation of the spread of undesirable species and subspecies of honeybees, including but not limited to Apis mellifera adansonii, commonly known as the African or Brazilian honeybee. The measure and character of cooperation carried out under this subsection on the part of such countries, including the the expenditure or use of funds appropriated pursuant to this Act, shall be such as may be prescribed by the Secretary of Agriculture. Arrangements for the cooperation authorized by this subsection shall be made through and in consultation with the Secretary of State.
In performing the operations or measures authorized in this Act, the cooperating foreign county, State or local agency shall be responsible for the authority to carry out such operations or measures on all lands and properties within the foreign country or State, other than those owned or controlled by the Federal Government of the United States, and for such other facilities and means as in the discretion of the Secretary of Agriculture as necessary.
The first apiary inspection law in the United States was established in San Bernardino County, Calif., in 1877. By 1883, a statewide law was passed by the California legislature, and by 1906, 12 States had laws relating to foulbrood. At present, almost all States have laws regulating honey bees and beekeeping.
State laws and regulations relating to honey bees and beekeeping are designed primarily to control bee diseases. Therefore, they usually attempt to regulate movement and entry of bees, issuances of permits and certificates, apiary location control and quarantine, inspection, and methods of treating diseased colonies. These laws and regulations are summarized in tables 1, 2, 3, and 4. Tables 1 and 2 are compilations of the bee laws for intrastate regulation; tables 3 and 4 are compilations of bee laws regulating interstate movement of bees and used bee equipment in the United States.
Alaska has no intrastate or interstate laws, and Missouri has no intrastate laws (tables 1-4). Also, there is a lack of uniformity in State bee laws and regulations, but considerable agreement on specific points of law. Most States require registration of apiaries, permits for movement of bees and equipment interstate, certificates of inspection, right of entry of the inspector, movable-frame hives, quarantine of diseased apiaries, notification of the owner upon finding disease, prohibition of sale or transfer of diseased material, and use of penalties in the form of fines or jail or both. Although the destruction of American foul brood-diseased colonies is included in most State laws, table 2 shows that most States also allow the use of drugs for control or preventive treatment of this disease.
The key figure in the enforcement of bee laws and regulations is the apiary inspector. He may have the entire State, a county, or a community under his jurisdiction. His efforts are directed toward locating American foulbrood and eliminating sources of it whenever found.
The effectiveness of bee laws and regulations is based on the compliance of the beekeeper. In addition, responsibility for disease control remains with the beekeeper, who should routinely examine colonies for disease as a regular part of his management program and do what is necessary when disease is found.
State laws regulating interstate movement of bees and used beekeeping equipment vary considerably from State to State. More uniformity in interstate laws would be highly desirable and lead to a more efficient inspection service and more effective beekeeping.


text:
Answer to Question #1856 Submitted to "Ask the Experts"
Category: Policy, Guidelines, and Regulations
The following question was answered by an expert in the appropriate field:
Where would I find information regarding state regulations for radiation protective garments, such as a lead apron? Is this a state-regulated item? Does the Food and Drug Administration set the guidelines?
Regulations vary from state to state regarding protective garments such as lead aprons. Since a particular state was not specified in your question, a list of contacts for each state radiation control program can be found at the Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors website. For example, Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana all have similar requirements for possession and use of lead aprons for gonadal shielding and for shielding of individuals present in radiographic and fluoroscopy rooms. However, details and thickness requirements vary from state to state, and none of the states mentioned above lists requirements for testing intervals of protective garments. Information on lead aprons and recommendations for testing them are given below.
Ken "Duke" Lovins, MS, CHP
Lead Apron Inspection
Lead aprons are used in medical facilities to protect workers and patients from unnecessary radiation exposure from diagnostic radiology procedures. Due to standards set forth by the Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO), health care organizations must perform inspections on medical equipment, including lead aprons. The JCAHO standard does not dictate inspection frequency, method, or rejection criteria. This allows facilities to develop their own policies and procedures to evaluate their lead aprons. Typically, a facility will perform an inspection of each apron on an annual basis. Some facilities choose to survey their aprons on a more frequent basis, such as every six months. This may be recommended if aprons are heavily used and/or are not always properly stored after use (folded or piled up instead of placed on a hanger). The inspection consists of a visual check to look for obvious tears, cuts, or rips, etc., and a check using x rays to verify the shielding integrity of the apron. For facilities that have fluoroscopy, the apron is placed on the table and checked using the automatic brightness control. This is usually a fairly simple procedure since the equipment will adjust itself to "see through" the apron. Using fluoroscopy, defects such as pinholes, cracks, and tears show up as very bright (white) areas. If fluoroscopy is not available, then a radiographic unit may be used to x ray the apron one section at a time. In this method, a film cassette is placed under a part of the apron and an appropriate exposure is made and the film is examined for defects in the apron. On film, defects show up as very dark areas. For either method, try x raying over the seams to see the rows of pinholes caused by sewing the edge onto the apron. This will show that holes, etc., that go all the way through the apron will be very obvious (due to the extreme contrast seen). There are two recent articles that address lead aprons (referenced below). One addresses implementing an inspection program and includes techniques for testing aprons, and the other proposes a rejection criteria based on effective dose equivalent (essentially, whole-body dose based on dose to various critical organs).
Answer posted on 1 May 2002. The information and material posted on this website is intended as general reference information only. Specific facts and circumstances may alter the concepts and applications of materials and information described herein. The information provided is not a substitute for professional advice and should not be relied upon in the absence of such professional advice specific to whatever facts and circumstances are presented in any given situation. Answers are correct at the time they are posted on the Website. Be advised that over time, some requirements could change, new data could be made available, or Internet links could change. For answers that have been posted for several months or longer, please check the current status of the posted information prior to using the responses for specific applications.
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text:
File folders are the darling of homeschool moms, who love to turn these ordinary, commonplace office staples into all sorts of fun projects. Publishing with flap books is a simple but effective way for children to showcase their writing!
Let's look at two ways you can use manila file folders to help your children publish their stories and reports.
Reveal Parts of a Story
Try publishing your children's writing projects in lapbook-style flap books. Flap books work especially well when a child wants to reveal one part of the story at a time or hide a surprise ending. They're simple and fun! Even the least crafty among your kids will enjoy producing a final draft like one of these!
1. Numbered Flaps
A younger child's short story can be displayed in a flap book like this one. It contains one numbered flap or mini book for every sentence in the story.
Depending on the child's level of interest, you could cut the flaps from brightly colored scrapbooking or construction paper. Then, affix the sentence strips to the colored paper.
2. Lift-the-Flaps: Beginning, Middle, and End
Publishing with flap books like this one is perfect for revealing the beginning, middle, and end of a story or short report.
Cut the front cover of a file folder horizontally to form two or three flaps.
Then cut the story into strips and glue the strips into the file folder under the corresponding flaps. If the story is longer than one page, simply staple additional (uncut) pages onto the back cover of the file folder.
Your child may also enjoy gluing clip art, magazine pictures, or a small map on the inside of each flap.
Showcase a Report or Narrative
Open up a manila folder and fold the edges into the center to make a different type of flap book (also called a lapbook). Your student can publish a nonfiction report by stapling it in the center and adding photos, illustrations, charts, maps, tables, or graphs to the two outside flaps.
Your child could also use this idea to publish a narrative. Encourage using photos or drawings to illustrate parts of the story.
How do you use manila file folders to display your children's writing assignments?


Arthur Berson (1859 - 1942)
Arthur Berson und Umberto Nobile
Arthur Berson and Umberto Nobile (source: Bundesarchiv, picture 102-01-016, photographer: unknown, licence CC-BY-SA 3.0)
Arthur Berson (1859–1942) was a German meteorologist and a pioneering aerologist. He set a German track record as a balloonist in 1894, flying from Berlin to Denmark in 18 hours and 35 minutes. Berson completed several spectacular balloon trips to research the Earth's atmosphere. Amongst other things, he was the first balloonist to successfully cross the Baltic Sea. Berson saw meteorology as the physics of the atmosphere. He worked at the aeronautical observatory in Berlin-Tegel and the observatory in Lindenberg.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Why when I assign constant to variable and update it, constant is being updated to? Is it expected behavior or bug?
ruby-1.9.3-p0 :001 > A = { :test => '123' }
 => {:test=>"123"}
ruby-1.9.3-p0 :002 > b = A
 => {:test=>"123"}
ruby-1.9.3-p0 :003 > b[:test] = '456'
 => "456"
ruby-1.9.3-p0 :004 > A
 => {:test=>"456"}
share|improve this question
Note that this also shows that "constants" in Ruby are not actually enforced to be constant. – Andrew Marshall Apr 10 '12 at 7:12
possible duplicate of Constant Assignment Bug in Ruby? – Andrew Grimm Apr 10 '12 at 7:25
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2 Answers
up vote 6 down vote accepted
This is expected behavior, but why isn't always obvious. This is a very important distinction in languages like Ruby. There are three things in play here:
 1. The constant A
 2. The variable b
 3. The hash { :test => '123' }
The first two are both kinds of variables. The third is an object. The difference between variables and objects is crucial. Variables just refer to objects. When you assign the same object to two variables, they both refer to the same object. There was only ever one object created, so when you change it, both variables refer to the changed object.
share|improve this answer
+1 for mentioning references vs. data ("objects"). – Andrew Marshall Apr 10 '12 at 7:13
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This is because of the shallow copy mechanism. In your example A and b are actually references to the same object. To avoid that use:
b = A.dup
This will initialize b with a copy of A instead of pointing it to the same hash(i.e. this uses deep copy).
For more info see here what shallow and deep copy is.
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Thanks! That's what I wanted to know. – p0deje Apr 10 '12 at 6:00
It's probably not good that this answer doesn't mention references at all. – Andrew Marshall Apr 10 '12 at 7:12
Point taken. Thank you. – Ivaylo Strandjev Apr 10 '12 at 7:19
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text:
Random good picture Not show
1 Advance of freshet analysis is one of key measures of preventing or controlling flood, which have been widely applied on urban flood proofing, basin planning and engineering construction.
2 Freshet and power failure have an impact on construction for 2 hours.
3 Critical precipitation inducing freshet was analyzed and confirmed in this article through the relevant data of mountain torrent disaster and precipitation.
4 The basin information, the information and characteristic of the historical freshet disasters and the present situation of the rainfall information monitoring of Jian city were introduced.
5 This paper analyzed the reasons and the characteristics of the freshet disaster of Southern Jiangxi and put forword the main measures of the freshet disaster control.
More similar words: fresh, fresher, afresh, refresh, fresh air, freshman, freshness, freshwater, fresh water, refreshing, refreshment, foreshadow, threshold, fresco, reshuffle, foreshorten, foreshadowing, freedom of the press, house of representatives, mesh, flesh, enmesh, ice shelf, game show, flesh out, fleshly, whet, whether, fret, free.


text:
Double Identity is a neat project by photographer Caroline Briggs in which she photographs portraits of identical twins wearing the same clothing and striking the same poses, and then overlays one on top of the other to show their similarities and differences. She writes:
My series aims to avoid direct physical comparisons between twins while allowing the viewer to acknowledge and accept the twins? similarities and differences. For the twin, it gives them a different perspective on their double identities and poses questions about their relationship and their desire – or lack of desire – to live completely separate lives.
Double Identity by Caroline Briggs (via BBC)
Image credits: Photographs by Caroline Briggs and used with permission


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This paper discusses a quantitative method for the study of historical keyboard tunings that is based on a measure of the perceived dissonance of the intervals in a tuning and their frequency of occurrence in the compositions of Domenico Scarlatti (_PHONE_). We conclude that the total dissonance of a large volume of music is a useful tool for the studies of keyboard instrument tuning in a historical context, although it is insufficient by itself. Its use provides significant evidence that Scarlatti used French tunings of his period during the composition of his sonatas. Use of total dissonance to optimize a 12-tone tuning for a historical body of music can produce musically valuable results, but must at present be tempered with musical judgment, in particular to prevent overspecialization of the intervals.
This study of possible scales used by Domenico Scarlatti first appeared in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, in April 1997, and some of the ideas are further developed in Tuning Timbre Spectrum Scale,. John has made MIDI recordings of all 500+ of Scarlatti's sonatas, and has generously placed them in downloadable form here.
To get to my homepage, click here.


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The Hearing Rehabilitation Foundation (HRF) is a non-profit organization formed in 1996 to provide and promote speech communication training for children and adults with hearing loss.
The HRFs Board of Management includes some of the most influential figures in audiology, education, and aural rehabilitation, including: Myles Kessler, Harry Levitt, Joseph Montano, Geoff Plant, J. Michael Reynolds, Ted Simmons, and Tad Zelski.
Since its inception, the HRF has been an important provider of services and resources for people with hearing loss and related professionals. These contributions have included:
- Step by Step and Speech Stuff, two books on teaching speech to deaf children
- Hear at Home, a home training resource for adults with acquired hearing loss.
- Organization of ISAC-98, a conference on the use of sensory aids for people with hearing loss which was attended by 40 researchers and clinicians from the US and abroad.
- Organization of the First International Adult Aural Rehabilitation Conference first held in Portland, Maine in May 2001. Over 100 people from nine countries participated. This conference is held every two years.
- Low-cost speech communication training to children and adults with hearing loss. Clients have included adults and children fitted with hearing aids, cochlear implants, and tactile aids. Clients who cannot afford to make a contribution to the HRF are seen without charge.
- Speech communication training workshops for teachers and clinicians working with adults and children.
- Geoff Plant, the President of the HRF, is frequently an invited speaker at conferences and workshops in the US and internationally.


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Successfully complete the game to unlock Challenge mode.New Game+ mode
Successfully complete the game. You can now start a second playthrough with all your original upgrades; however, they will not be active until the Sand Army is released.Sarcophagus locations
Search the following locations to find all ten Sarcophaguses. Note When you get near a Sarcophagus, you will hear a sound and can identify them by their blue orb glow.
1. Near the exit of "The Stables", climb to the top of the octagonal-shaped room, to find the first Sarcophagus.
2. In "The Fortress Courtyard", jump to the platform beneath the circular switch you have to activate to progress.
3. After the spiked floors in "The Fortress Courtyard", drop off the main path, and slide along a series of ledges to reach the Sarcophagus.
4. Near the exit of "The Prison", activate the switch to open the gate. As you quickly run past the traps to roll under the closing door, before you exit the prison, go right to climb the wall, then go right again to find the Sarcophagus.
5. At the start of "The Sewer" when you are climbing the frozen water spout, jump towards the beam. Use the frozen water spout again to reach a second beam above the first one. Then, you will be able to jump over a gap to reach the Sarcophagus.
6. Near the exit of "The Sewer", walk along the side-path on the left. Then, freeze the water to swing across the gap and reach the Sarcophagus on the other end.
7. When you enter a room in "The Royal Chambers" with a water spout on the left with switches to its sides, freeze the water, and use it to jump towards each switch. The Sarcophagus is behind a door that opens after activating both switches.
8. In the middle of "The Royal Chambers", you will reach a room with a waterfall on both sides, and two accompanying water spouts. Freeze the water, jump up to the second water spout, and use it to jump towards the waterfall. While in mid-air, quickly unfreeze your ability so you will go straight through the waterfall and land on a ledge. Then, climb up to find the Sarcophagus.
9. Near the exit of "The Royal Chambers", jump on a ledge to the right of the water wheel room, and continue on the ledge without freezing the water. Then, perform a wall run up from the ledge to reach the wall. Jump off the wall to reach a pole. Jump off the pole to another ledge, and move left across it to find the Sarcophagus.
10. At the beginning of "The Throne Room", climb the wall on the left until you reach the balcony to find the last Sarcophagus.
When you reach Rekem, there will be an area where you fight three Glowing Sand Creatures (the ones that spawn other Sand Creatures). Use your power slash to kill the Sand Creatures they spawn. After you have a few hits, run around the area and repeat the process until you unlock the "Sand Nemesis" achievement.Achievements
Accomplish the indicated achievement to get the corresponding number of Gamerscore points:
- Memories of Azad (20 points): Reach the thick of the battle.
- A Warm Welcome (20 points): Catch up to Malik.
- Solomon's Army (30 points): Release Solomon's Army.
- Just us and them (50 points): Close the fortress gates.
- Not what it looks like (50 points): Defeat Ratash.
- Eye of the Storm (30 points): Reach the final fight.
- Prince of Tides (50 points): Complete the Enemy Tides Challenge.
- Power Boost (20 points): Find and break a sarcophagus.
- Got Walkthrough? (50 points): Find and break every sarcophagus.
- Completist (50 points): Purchase every item in the upgrade menu.
- Anger Management (15 points): Break 100 vases and sarcophagi.
- Sand Nemesis (30 points): Kill 50 enemies in a row without being hit and without using upgrade powers or the Power of Time.
- And King of Blades (20 points): Kill 500 enemies with the sword.
- Acrobat (30 points): Jump on enemies 30 times in a row without falling or using the Power of Time.
- Like Dominoes (15 points): Knock down 5 enemies with one kick.
- Floors are for losers (15 points): Wall run for a total of 1/2 mile (805 meters).
- Stay Dry (30 points): Move on solidified water for 1 minute without using the Power of Time.
- Untouchable (30 points): Defeat Ratash in the Throne Room wihout taking any damage.
- Death from Above (30 points): Finish off 10 enemies in a row using only the Aerial Slash.
- Invincible (20 points): Finish the final battle against Ratash without taking any damage.
- And stay down! (15 points): Use the finishing lunge 20 times.
- Air Time (15 points): Perform 20 Aerial Slash attacks.
- David and Goliath (15 points): Finish 5 titans with the Aerial Slash.
- This is Persia! (20 points): Kick 20 enemies off of ledges.
- Attack from all angles (15 points): Knock down 15 enemies using the aerial kick.
- Swift as the Wind (15 points): Defeat 30 enemies using the Power of Flight.
- Big Finish (10 points): Defeat an enemy by doing a power attack on the fifth hit in a combo.
- Elemental Control (20 points): Upgrade one power to level 4.
- Ding! Level Up! (15 points): Purchase your first upgrade.
- Close Call (15 points): Save the Prince's life by using the Power of Time.
- Not how it Happened (15 points): Use the Power of Time 20 times.
- Prince of Fire (15 points): Defeat 50 enemies using the Flame Trail.
- Prince of Earth (15 points): Defeat 50 enemies while using the Stone Armor.
- Prince of Water (15 points): Defeat 50 enemies using the Ice Blast.
- Prince of Wind (15 points): Defeat 50 enemies using the Whirlwind.
Additionally, there are five secret achievements:
- No longer human (50 points): Suffered defeat at Malik's hands.
- Welcome to Rekem (30 points): Arrived in Razia's city.
- Power of the Djinn (30 points): Razia becomes part of sword.
- End of the Army (50 points): Complete the game.
- Our Little Secret (5 points): Start the game on the Normal difficulty. Then, switch to the Easy difficulty at the very beginning, and play through the game.


text:
Begums of Bhopal
Bhopal was the second largest Muslim State of India in the British period. It saw four Muslim women rulers during the period from 1819 to 1926. As is expected, they faced a lot of opposition from both, male claimants and powerful neighbors. Even the British India Company was initially opposed to Bhopal being ruled by females. However, the Begums quoted Queen Victoria as their model and inspiration. This forced the British to finally give up their opposition. Each Begum left an indelible mark of her own personality on the role.
The population of Bhopal was mostly Hindu in those days. In a unique testimony to the Hindu-Muslim unity prevalent in those times, almost all the Begums had a Hindu Chief Minister to assist in their day-to-day administration.
The chronological list of the Nawabs who ruled over Bhopal is as follows. Kindly click on a name to know more details of the same.


text:
The "Ladybird Stitch" from Marianne Kinzel's lace knitting books has long interested me. Scroll down to Figure 6 in this embedded excerpt from The First Book of Modern Lace Knitting to see a picture of the fabric:
I have found it useful in graphing my own patterns to sometimes represent groups of stitches that usually are shown as several symbols as one symbol. This has helped me, for example, to understand better the stitch structure of the "Ladybird" pattern. If you replace the "yo, k1-b, yo" group with a single symbol, it makes for a more compact chart that more clearly shows the proportions of the knitted piece. Here's a graph of the ladybird mesh to show what I mean (edge stitches aren't graphed correctly):
A full repeat of the ladybird pattern (shown on the graph inside the heavy lines) when knitted really is approximately square. And using the "yo, k1-b, yo" symbol means that the placement of the yarnover symbols in the chart more accurately represents what is going on in the knitted piece. The "yo, k1-b, yo" group is approximately equal in size to the single yarnovers since the latter are strained horizontally by the sudden decrease in stitches on the rows in which they appear.
Here's the same pattern when graphed as Kinzel does it in her Modern Lace Knitting books:
Done this way, there's no way to tell from the graph that the yarn overs form 45˚ diagonals in the knitted piece, or that the proportions of the pattern when knitted are square, roughly the same as garter stitch (one stitch = two rows), though much less dense a fabric! The graph may be a little easier to read, but that is a matter of taste, I think. And on patterns like this one, where the stitch count changes from row to row, one square in the graph can't equal one stitch. Mrs. Kinzel uses blank squares to address the imbalance.
More of my idiosyncratic charting style here:
Image by fuzzyjay via Flickr


text:
Title: Postdoctoral Position in How Programming Languages Shape Thought @ the Knowledge Lab, UChicago
The Knowledge Lab at the University of Chicago seeks to hire outstanding candidates for a postdoctoral research project with support from the Sloan Foundation to explore the degree to which programming languages and data science environments shape how individuals, groups and communities "think"—how they construct code, analyze data and solve computational problems together. The project, titled "The Impact of Programming Languages and Datascience Frameworkson Thinking, Software, and Science" is inspired by the longstanding Sapir/Whorf Hypothesis that natural languages influence how speakers think, which has garnered new evidence with computational methods and large-scale language data. This project involves analysis of all public GitHub and other code repositories with statistical and machine learning approaches that generate insights that link programming language properties to individual and group behavior to coding and analytical outputs. Based on insights from these large-scale analyses and ongoing surveys of programming communities, we will generate programming experiments (e.g., with the Jupyter interface) to test whether discovered associations are causal—whether changing languages can predictably improve the efficiency, collaboration, and creativity of coders and coding communities.
Postdoctoral candidates will design and conduct independent research, in collaboration with UChicago Professor and Knowledge Lab Director James Evans, and Gary Lupyan, a computational psychologist from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Candidates much hold a PhD in Computer Science, or have substantial computational and data science background and a Ph.D. in Statistics, Applied Math, Sociology or another Social Science, Linguistics, Informatics, (statistical) Physics or a related field, and a strong publishing background.
Specifically, the successful candidate(s) will be responsible for managing and analyzing a massive collection of version controlled source code with Machine Learning (ML) and Natural language Processing (NLP) techniques. Candidates must understand and will need to maintain long running web scraping tasks, via APIs and HTML parsing and have knowledge regarding the state of the art in NLP (specifically neural language models, context free grammars and auto encoders), which they will extend to new domains, primarily programming code. This development of new techniques for understanding source code will likely benefit from knowledge of compiler design, static analysis, complex systems and network analysis. Candidates must have knowledge of Python and experience running large scale computational tasks on UNIX systems. Proficiency in multiple other programming languages, including a functional language, would be a benefit. Positions could begin anytime within the coming year, and as early as immediately.
To apply, please send CV and names for letters from at least two references to Candice Lewis, _EMAIL_.


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[en] Damage evolution in quasi-brittle rocks is a complicated procedure in which both the post-peak strain-softening behavior and the immobile residual strength play key roles. The post-peak behavior observed from existing experiments is critical for the determination of the complete constitutive relation of quasi-brittle rocks. Based on the test observation on the post-peak immobile residual strength of quasi-brittle rock specimens, a proper damage tolerance is defined in this study. Following this theme, a damage tolerance principle is presented by adopting an alternative methodology, which incorporates a loading function to represent the reaction to the stress state and a condition of damage tolerance based on the Mohr–Coulomb criterion without cohesive strength. Then, an iterative solution is proposed to identify the parameters of the proposed model. The identified constitutive law is employed to determine the load–deformation behavior of quasi-brittle rocks including sandstone and quartzite, and the calculated results are compared with the test results under different confinement stress levels. Results show that the developed constitutive law for quasi-brittle rocks with damage tolerance principle can be used to predict the post-peak behavior including the strain-softening behavior and the immobile residual strength with acceptable accuracy. Finally, a parametric study is conducted to essentially investigate the effect of parameters of the proposed model on the observed characteristics of quasi-brittle rocks.
[en] The traditional BCS superconductors AOs_2O_6 (A=K, Rb, and Cs) were investigated to find the relationship between their structures and superconducting transition temperatures. The T_c decreases with increasing the unit cell parameter of AOs_2O_6. This is in contrast to the case of conventional BCS superconductivity in a single bond model, where T_c may increase with increasing the the unit cell parameter since the DOS at Fermi level increases as the unit cell parameter increases. Instead, the T_c of a β-pyrochlore oxide is proportional to the lattice softness of the compound
[en] The effects of nitrogen on the nanomechanical property and localized plasticity of nitrogen alloyed 316 series austenitic steels were investigated by using nanoindentation. Slip steps around indentations have been imaged and have indicated that nitrogen increases slip planarity greatly. The load versus displacement curves show that the addition of nitrogen increases the first excursion load and the probability of occurrence of the second excursion, which is attributed to slip planarity caused by nitrogen and the local work softening on the operative slip plane. Additionally, nitrogen increases hardness and elastic modulus, while it promotes nanoindentation creep. Planar slip caused by nitrogen inhabits the formation of strain-induced α′ martensite and then promotes the creep deformation. (paper)
[en] The effect of rapid low-temperature heat treatment on properties of heavily deformed Steel 80 has been investigated. The establishment has been made of the dependences of ultimate and yield strengths, and relative elongation on heating temperature and rate and time of isothermal holding at the heating temperature. (authors).
[en] The shear-transformation-zone (STZ) theory of plastic deformation predicts that sufficiently soft, noncrystalline solids are linearly unstable against forming periodic arrays of microstructural shear bands. A limited nonlinear analysis indicates that this instability may be the mechanism responsible for strain softening in both constant-stress and constant-strain-rate experiments. The analysis presented here pertains only to one-dimensional banding patterns in two-dimensional systems, and only to very low temperatures. It uses the rudimentary form of the STZ theory in which there is only a single kind of zone rather than a distribution of them with a range of transformation rates. Nevertheless, the results are in qualitative agreement with essential features of the available experimental data. The nonlinear theory also implies that harder materials, which do not undergo a microstructural instability, may form isolated shear bands in weak regions or, perhaps, at points of concentrated stress
[en] The Fictitious Crack Method (FCM) is applied to determine the load-deflection diagrams of notched plain concrete bean's under 3-point bending using different forms of strain-softening in the form of stress-deformation relationship. The results indicate that there is a need to determine a more realistic relationship. (author)
[en] This paper presents the results of the three-dimensional (3D) discrete element method (DEM) simulations of undrained axisymmetric/triaxial tests on loose assemblies of polydisperse spheres with and without preshearing history using a periodic cell. Undrained tests are modelled by deforming the samples under constant volume conditions. The simulations show that the preshearing process will not induce initial structural anisotropy, and that the presheared and unpresheared samples follow the same initial stress path along a unique limiting boundary in the q–p space, as observed in the published experimental literature, which was not crossed over by any of the stress paths of the presheared samples. It is also shown that the presheared samples are denser compared with the original unpresheared one, and therefore exhibit higher resistance to (temporary) liquefaction. At the grain scale, such higher resistance is found to be attributed to the evolution of a redundancy factor, a microscopic definition of liquefaction (temporary liquefaction). The Lade instability (peak deviator stress) is found to correspond to a unique mechanical coordination number of 4.5, independent of preshearing history. It is also found that the onset of liquefaction (temporary liquefaction) in terms of the redundancy factor lags behind the onset of macroscopic strain softening in terms of the Lade instability for the presheared and unpresheared samples under undrained conditions. (paper)
[en] A deterministic model with material strain-softening has been employed to predict the failure process of quasi-brittle materials subjected to different strain gradients. The failures of beams in pure bending and L-shape specimens in tension are simulated using this model, and the influence of material damage rate on the failure process is studied. The effect of statistical variations in the material properties on the fracture statistics of the components is then considered. The model correctly predicts the changes in the magnitude and distribution of the failure loads of specimens with different strain gradients. The results can help explain the influence of strain gradient on the fracture statistics of quasi-brittle materials.
[en] A model reproducing strain softening behavior in ceramic materials is proposed. This model is base on a critical treatment of previous mechanical experimental results, mainly on uranium dioxide. The main hypothesis is that the strain softening phenomenon is related to an aging process, where some point defects move towards the dislocations and modify their velocity. This is different from most of models used up to now, as they were based on the hypothesis that only the initial lack of dislocations was responsible of the strain softening behavior. A model is first developed in a simple 1D framework. Evolution of the mechanical behavior with strain rate and temperature is well reproduced by this model. Then, the 1D model is extended to a 3D mechanical model, and mechanical compressive tests on UO_2 pellets are simulated. The 3D model well reproduces the observed asymmetrical shape of the compressed pellet if one considers that the material is not initially perfectly homogeneous, which highlights the importance of accounting for spatial heterogeneity of materials in models. (authors)
[en] The cyclic softening behavior in low cycle fatigue of disk-forged Alloy718 by direct aged process was investigated at high temperatures of 500.deg. C and 650.deg. C. It resulted that the softening phenomena during fatigue cycles should be related to precipitates and dislocation behavior in the microstructure of DA Alloy718. The slip bands by shearing matrix were composed of the main deformation mode in both of the an forged and the cyclic tested. The dislocations in the slip bands might get distangled in progressing the repeated cyclic motion, resulting the diffused configuration of the slip band lines. The precipitates of γmoreover, have made an appearance of shearing by the dissolved dislocations


text:
Definition of Fish odor syndrome
Fish-odor syndrome: An inborn error of metabolism that is associated with an offensive body odor whose scent is similar to the smell of rotting fish. Fish-odor syndrome is due to the excessive excretion of trimethylamine (TMA) in urine, sweat, and breath. This syndrome is caused by a mutation in the gene for the enzyme flavin-containing monooxygenase-3 (FMO3). Dietary modifications to reduce the consumption of triethylamine precursors may provide some relief of symptoms. Also known as trimethylaminuria.
Last Editorial Review: 3/19/2012
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text:
You are browsing a version that is no longer maintained.
DoctrineModule provides a bridge between Laminas and Doctrine 2. It gives you access to features that can be used across Doctrine 2 ORM as well as Doctrine 2 ODM. It provides an abstraction layer on top of Doctrine\Common which allows the end user to build functionality being completely unaware if he's currently working with Doctrine ORM or Doctrine MongoDB ODM.
You can find more details about the features offered by DoctrineModule:
- Authentication documentation: this explains how you can use the DoctrineModule authentication adapter and authentication storage adapter to provide a simple way to authenticate users using Doctrine.
- Caching documentation: DoctrineModule provides simple classes to allow easier caching using Doctrine.
- CLI documentation: learn how to use the Doctrine 2 command line tool, and how to add your own command.
- Hydrator documentation: if you are using Laminas Forms (and I hope you are!), doctrine-laminas-hydrator provides a powerful hydrator that allows you to easily deal with OneToOne, OneToMany and ManyToOne relationships when using forms.
- Paginator documentation: discover how to use the DoctrineModule Paginator adapter.
- Validator documentation: this chapter explains how to use ObjectExists and NoObjectExists validator, that allow you to easily validate if a given entity exists or not.


text:
Life on a Colonial New England Farm
Making a Class Presentation
Life on a farm in colonial New England was a real challenge. Using the library or the Internet, find accounts of how New England farm families lived. Then design a multimedia presentation about a typical New England farmer and his family. Be sure to include the social and economic contributions of women in your presentation.
- Create a map of the town in which the farmer and his family lived.
- Dress up like a farmer to discuss the challenges of New England agriculture.
- Create a chart that lists the differences between your family's lifestyle and the colonial family's.


text:
I. Introduction: Designer Discrimination Algorithms
A significant problem in developing a revolutionary new theory is the parallel development of methods and technologies appropriate to testing the theory. As I have said a number of times in response to criticisms of Multiple Designers Theory, the absolutely necessary first step in the MDT research program must be the development and validation of designer discrimination methodologies. In the Introduction to Multiple Designers Theory above I saidthat in developing a design discrimination methodology, MDT has the same task as mainstream ID. First the methodology must be systematized and formalized. Then it must be empirically validated on test materials for which we already know the histories. The first task of MDT is to develop a formalized researcher-independent methodology that, when it is eventually applied to phenomena whose provenance and history we do not know, it can be legitimately expected to reliably tell us something of interest about the phenomena. Mainstream intelligent design has so far avoided that task: there are no validation data at all on its principal design detection methods. MDT, however, has begun the task of validation and calibration of its methodologies.
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