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Graph Paper Printable Free Template Samples
Graph paper can be defined as a form of writing paper which has a prearranged grid. The grid is useful universally for different subjects. A graph paper lets you write science data accurately or perform math equations. So, you may need the following graph paper printable free we provide in this article below.
The Uses of Free printable Graph Paper
Free printable graph paper has so many uses. One of them is for length measurement. Besides that, it can also be used for bar graphs. Then, you can also use it for line graphs. In addition, a graph paper may also work as charts. Fractions, decimals & proportions also belong to the common uses of graph paper.
Many cases found that it is used for linear equations & functions, too. Some people also use it for slopes & intercepts. It is also often used for equation system. Other uses of graph paper include for computer science, programming, calculus & limits, drawing, sketching, art practice, angle & coordinate planes, etc.
Types of Free Printable Graph Paper
Graph paper is available in different types. One of them is a rectangular graph paper. Besides that, there is also a blank computer screen. Then, you can also find a trigonometric graph paper. A number line graph paper also belongs to one of the types. Next, graph paper may also come in form of a dot paper.
The next type is a polar graph paper. You also need to know that there is an isometric graph paper, too. Another type is an engineering graph paper. Different graph papers have different functions. So, in this article, you should carefully find the free printable graph paper templates that can meet your needs.
Where to Find a Free Printable Graph Paper
If you want to have a graph paper, you can make your own template. In this case, you can consider using a computer program such as Ms. Word or Ms. Excel. If you want the manual method, you can directly make it on a sheet of paper. However, it seems & sounds too complex so that should find an alternative.
Alternatively, you can ask for help to a professional. There are many services that can help you. Even more, you can find it online. In this way, you will get good & satisfying results. You just need to request about the template design of the graph paper you want. However, it requires you to pay some money.
Another way is to look for a graph paper template on internet. If you are looking for it, you are on the right site. We provide a collection of graph paper that comes with different designs of template. So, you have to make sure that you choose one that meets your needs.
Our graph paper printable free is easy to download. Besides that it is also easy to use because the graph paper is user-friendly. With nice design, the graph paper templates look eye-catching. Hopefully you find the most appropriate one.
Graph paper printable free is available in different template designs here. There are some types of graph paper and it has various uses.


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Plant Speedup Stability Tips
The speedup of a plant's response can cause loops to go from a smooth to an oscillatory response. In actual plants, the faster rate of change of a process variable important for product quality such a temperature or composition occurs for various changes in operating conditions. Principal sources of speed up in an actual plant are a smaller mass due to minimization of inventory or at the start of fed-batch operations, an increase in heat transfer coefficient from a cleaner surface or higher fluid flow, and an increase in catalyst activity from fresh catalyst or higher fluid flow. In virtual plants, an increase in integration step size in first principle models is used for simulation speedup so scenarios take minutes instead of hours to complete. This speedup of simulations is essential for training operators and developing/prototyping control strategies. The bottom line is that the product of two terms can be used to detect and prevent instability in plant speed up.
The first term as you might expect is dead time in seconds. The second term is the maximum ramp rate in % of PV scale per second divided the change in % PID output that caused the ramp. The ramp rate should reach a maximum in 4 dead times after the change in PID output. The change in output can be due to a remote or manual output change or a setpoint change. This second term is an integrating process open loop gain and has units of %/sec/% or 1/sec. The product of the two terms is dimensionless.
The temperature and composition response of nearly all liquid column, vessel, and tank volumes can be characterized by the product of these two terms. For continuous operations, the second term is effectively the self-regulating process open loop gain divided by the primary process time constant in a near-integrating response.
The maximum PID gain is inversely proportional to the product of these two terms; the product of the total loop dead time and the integrating process open loop gain. A simple check of this product during the speedup of a process can show whether the response will become oscillatory. Assuming the reset time is not too fast for slower operation, process speedup should not cause oscillations from integral action since the minimum reset time is proportional to the primary time constant and/or dead time that has been decreased during speedup. A simple check of whether the reset time is too small at the start for a given PID gain should be done since PID gain settings are often reduced without realizing the reset time must be proportionally increase. The PID gain multiplied by the reset time should be greater than the inverse of the integrating process open loop gain to prevent slow rolling oscillations with a period 10 times or more the ultimate period.
In the speedup of a virtual plant, an increase in integration step size will generally increase the integrating process open loop gain. If the virtual plant dead time is small enough that the product of the two terms is less than reset time divided by the PID gain, the response will be smooth. Most virtual plants don't have as much dead time as actual plants. Also, automation system dead time in the virtual plant such as thermowell lags and analyzer cycle times can be decreased so the product does not exceed the maximum for plant stability. Note that process speedup normally does not affect the pipeline pressure and flow response except through changes in the origination and destination volume pressures. The speedup for gas volumes does not need to be anywhere near as fast as the liquid volume speedup because the gas volumes are already quite fast. Thus, the focus in a virtual plant is on the speedup of temperature and composition response of liquid volumes and the check is simple in terms of the product of two easily and quickly identifiable terms.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


What are the top 5 wheelchair facts that are important? For individuals who are disabled or physically challenged, an electric wheelchair can prove to be very useful if they wish to regain some of their mobility.
In addition to the top 5 wheelchair facts is our top 10 Karman wheelchairs.
Furthermore, a wheelchair provides the disabled individual with the opportunity to enjoy life with their friends and family doing otherwise impossible activities.
Electric wheelchair users can enjoy going to the parks or partaking in regular chores like grocery shopping. As electric wheelchairs do not require a lot of physical exertion, they are quite easy to use and provide individuals with greater freedom.
Below we have mentioned the five most interesting electric wheelchair facts that you should know about:
1. Alright, let's begin with wheelchair facts by learning about the inventor of the wheelchair, who is known by the name of George Klein. This is one of the top 5 wheelchair facts we will go over.
During World War II, George Klein saw several veterans as well as civilians with severe injuries.
Furthermore, after seeing all the injured people there like that, later on, inspired him to work on creating the world's first-ever wheelchair.
2. Modern electric wheelchairs have several benefits. They can also be adjusted as per the needs of the user. For instance, some of the wheelchairs have tilting seats that can help the user in standing up.
Whereas other electric wheelchair models are designed with the ability to recline.
However, some of them even support the elevation of the seat as well as the legs.
3. Speaking of the wheelchair facts, let's not forget that the record for the longest distance covered by a motorized wheelchair in just 24 hours was achieved by Jackie Weeden.
Moreover, he tracked 13 hours while it took him 50 minutes to cover 154 miles.
Moreover, another world record of the fastest wheelchair marathon racer. It was set by Josh Cassidy. He rode his wheelchair round the Boston Marathon in 1 hour, 18 minutes, and 25 seconds.
4. A 47-year-old disabled UAE citizen, Haidar Taleb, designed a solar-powered wheelchair for a 200-mile trek. Taleb's journey began on November 22, 2010. He traveled across all of the seven emirates. He developed the solar-power wheelchairs in collaboration with a renewable energy company based in Abu Dhabi by the name of Masdar. The wheelchair can function at a maximum speed of about 9 to 12 mph. This is pretty fast. Typically 5 mph is recommended.
It has been designed with enough battery capacity to continue functioning for up to six hours. Even after the sun sets behind the clouds. Most wheelchairs now go 15-20 miles. We are now rounding up to our top 5 wheelchair facts.
Lastly, as our last and final top 5 wheelchair fact
5. Here is number 5.
Another interesting wheelchair fact is related to the international wheelchair sports.
It wasn't until the Rome Olympics in 1960, where the very first sports event for disabled athletes was organized.
Previously, the athletes used old conventional wheelchairs.
Moreoever, the races were only organized to cover a distance of up to 200 meters. It was in the year 1975 in a Boston Marathon were the first-ever wheelchair marathon competitor raced
Top 10 Karman Healthcare Wheelchairs of 2020 - Best Reviews Guide
We hopt that adding our topo 10 Karman wheelchair it is a compliment to our top 5 wheelchair facts.
For individuals that are physically challenged, an electric wheelchair is an amazing tool for strengthening personal mobility.
In addition, it is important to provide appropriate wheelchairs to not only enhance mobility but also to begin the process of setting up a world of education, social, and work life.
Moreover, all thanks to the wheelchairs, disabled individuals can now also, along with other people, enjoy going to the parks and take part in regular activities such as grocery shopping and much more.
Along with providing mobility aid to the user, an appropriate electric wheelchair benefits the physical and mental health.
It also benefits the quality of life of the users by reducing common issues such as blisters, pressure sores, a progression of any deformities.
Furthermore, it will be improving the respiratory and the digestive systems of the user.
In addition, an electric wheelchair provides the disabled with a chance to appreciate mobility. It really helps. The reason is because the energy can be substituted. We all need a little help sometimes. For the weak, this help translates to better health. Even take part in events and exercises with their friends and family.
Furthermore, electric wheelchair users can now do tasks that were once considered to be impossible because of their disability.
Whether it is as simple as going on a long walk or climbing on accessible trails. You want to stay healthy. You want to be outside. These things matter.
The invention of electric wheelchairs has made life significantly easier for disabled individuals, and the above facts prove just that. We also can go into power standing.
buy NOW!!!
let's save the world together


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Oculomotor selection exerts a fundamental impact on our experience of the environment. To better understand the underlying principles, researchers typically rely on behavioral data from humans, and electrophysiological recordings in macaque monkeys. This approach rests on the assumption that the same selection processes are at play in both species. To test this assumption, we compared the viewing behavior of 106 humans and 11 macaques in an unconstrained free-viewing task. Our data-driven clustering analyses revealed distinct human and macaque clusters, indicating species-specific selection strategies. Yet, cross-species predictions were found to be above chance, indicating some level of shared behavior. Analyses relying on computational models of visual saliency indicate that such cross-species commonalities in free viewing are largely due to similar low-level selection mechanisms, with only a small contribution by shared higher level selection mechanisms and with consistent viewing behavior of monkeys being a subset of the consistent viewing behavior of humans.
Keywords: human macaque comparison; low-level salience; oculomotor control; overt visual attention.
© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press.


can hamsters eat salmon
Can Hamsters Eat Salmon?
Salmon is a popular food.
Classified as an oily fish, salmon is considered to be healthy due to the fish's high protein, high omega-3 fatty acids, and high vitamin D[85] content.
According to reports in the journal Science, farmed salmon may contain high levels of dioxins. (source)
So can hamsters eat salmon?
Unfortunately they can't eat salmon. Fish is not good for them to eat, plus the fact that salmon contains small bones which are hard to decipher in amongst the flesh and can get lodged in their throats.
A food to avoid.


Why do I hear trucks or voices on the cam?
If you hear voices, vehicles, etc., it is because this cavity is in the heart of our headquarters (see photo below; cavity at top of ladder). Children, adults, volunteers and researchers are frequently nearby participating in the entire range of activities offered at Starr Ranch. In any case, the owls are used to all this.
Comments are closed.


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The latest weapon unleashed to battle California's growing energy demand comes in the form of free software. The State of California Energy Commission's Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) program is responsible for the development of a free software package dubbed the Sensor Placement and Orientation Tool (SPOT). The purpose of this software is to help designers establish correct photosensor placement relative to a given daylighting and electric lighting design.
Daylighting systems, which use natural lighting to supplement electric lighting, are sensitive to photosensor placement and performance. However, until now, there have been no easy-to-use tools to help designers predict performance and determine optimum sensor positioning. Using an Excel worksheet interface, SPOT accounts for variables such as room geometry, surface reflectances, solar orientation, electric lighting layout, and window design to help determine the best location for photosensors. It also helps designers comply with the daylighting requirements in California's Title 24 energy code, which calls for separate controls for daylit areas and offers substantial energy budget credits for automatic daylighting controls.
This software may be downloaded for free at _URL_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Definitions for "Sum"
Keywords: ziua, iauar, noah, shem, priestly
(bar Nu) Shem (the son of Noah); Sum Iauar Ziua name (Shem-Iauar-Radiance) of the priestly ring.
Keywords: supercardioid, resistor
Summing Resistor Supercardioid
(SQL) Aggregate function to sum the values in a column. functions.php
The sum of all values in column in all rows returned by the select statement
SUM is an interbank network network in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. It is comprised largely of smaller local banks and credit unions. Account holders at member institutions do not pay ATM usage fees for using ATMs of any other financial institution within the network.
Keywords: stereo, mix, phase, channels, equal
An audio signal that is the combination (mix) of two stereo channels at equal levels and in phase.
A signal that is the mix of the two stereo channels at equal level and in phase.
the whole amount
to add up.
The addition of 2 or more numbers. You can add a series of cells in a spreadsheet, which adds the numbers in those cells.
Keywords: plumage, furnish, feathers, grown, full
Sum, sumu, sumon, and sumuud are a type of administrative district used in Mongolia and nearby areas.
Keywords: utmost, completion, height, degree
Height; completion; utmost degree.
Service Unit Manager; a volunteer appointed by the membership specialist to manage Girl Scouting in the service unit
Keywords: uzbekistan, basic, money, unit
the basic unit of money in Uzbekistan
Returns the sum of a repeated Computation variable.
Returns the sum of a repeated Number variable.
Keywords: fog, noun, mass
(Mass noun) Fog.
Keywords: adding, result, numbers, example, two
the result of adding numbers Example: 6+7=13 13 is the sum
(1) The result of adding two or more numbers.
Keywords: question, total, values
The total of all the values for a question.
Keywords: let, union, members, containing, sets


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required to neutralize the soda is added, because when it gets to around 70 degrees C it begins to evolve carbon dioxide even without acid. This property makes baking soda useful for putting out kitchen fires, particularly grease fires. Remember, NEVER use water on a grease fire. The best thing to do is just to put the lid on the flaming vessel, but if this is not possible, throw some soda on it. It decomposes so fast that it does not have time to cause the grease to splatter unless you use a whole lot and it can stay relatively cool in the middle of the mass, so do not throw a whole box into a deep fryer!
I neat trick to clean silver or copper of tarnish is to wash the item(s) thoroughly in detergent and water to remove dirt and grease, then put the items in either an uncoated aluminum pan or in any pan after first putting in a piece of aluminum foil. Add some baking soda and put the pan on the heat. This sets up a battery that electrolytically reduces the tarnish (copper or silver sulfide) back to the metal. This is preferable to silver polish because the polish removes the silver sulfide, whereas the soda method regenerates the silver. This is particularly important for silver plate since the plating is quite thin and repeated use of polishes will wear it away.
Baking soda is famous for being used in tooth cleaners, and it has real merit. It is a mild abrasive, but not so much that it damages tooth enamel, a mild antiseptic to kill bacteria, and a mild base that neutralizes the acids that bacteria produce that DO attack enamel. It is also a fair whitener. My grandmum used it (with a frizzled sweet gum stick as a toothbrush) until the she was around 50 or so and still had many of her natural teeth when she died at 101 and a half years!
The mild abrasive properties make soda great for cleaning items around the house without scratching them, but do not use it on really delicate items like laptop screens or lacquered surfaces. Also, do not use it on aluminum because it is basic enough to dissolve the protective oxide layer on aluminum. By the way, aluminum is so reactive that without this oxide layer (which forms immediately when aluminum is in contact with air) aluminum items would corrode away in minutes or weeks, depending on the size and geometry of the item. Aluminum foil would not exist with this protective layer, being destroyed by the air instantly. Remember, aluminum is produced by dissolving aluminum oxide in molten cryolite, sodium hexafluoroaluminate, a more basic and lower melting sodium salt. Sodium bicarbonate can not be used because it decomposes when it gets hot as mentioned earlier.
Many people use soda as an antacid, and for me it has no peer. Since I cut way back of fatty foods I rarely use it any more, when when I got heartburn half a teaspoon of soda in water would instantly, within 10 seconds, begin to give me relief. For those on sodium restricted diets it should not be used unless specifically directed by a medical professional. Alka-Seltzer is a combination of soda, citric acid, and aspirin. When the tablets are put into water, the citric acid reacts with the sodium bicarbonate to form carbon dioxide, water, and sodium citrate, itself a good antacid. Some of the aspirin also reacts with the soda to form sodium acetylsalicylate, a water soluble form of aspirin. That is why the aspirin gets into your system much faster than when taking tablets, because aspirin itself has a low water solubility.
Another common sodium compound is sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, or washing soda. It is present in almost all laundry detergents because it not only helps to soften water. It is also basic enough to saponify fat, turning it into soap and thus making fat water soluble. It is more basic than baking soda but not nearly as caustic as lye. Just do not get strong solutions in your eyes, but you CAN wash out washing soda solutions quickly enough to prevent corneal damage.
Sodium carbonate is used in enormous quantities as a raw material for glassmaking. Common glass is essentially a mixture of sodium carbonate, calcium oxide, and white sand, heated until it melts and then molded into glasses, bottles, and similar things, floated on molten tin to make window glass, or rolled into thicker plates for plate glass. All three of the raw materials are incredibly cheap, and that makes glass cheap as well. Now, there are hundreds of different glass formulations, but unless special properties are required, the soda lime glass is used because of its low cost. The next time you are at the hardware store look at the edge of a piece of window glass. You will see that it is quite green! That is because the glass is contaminated with trace amounts of iron, and iron in the 2+ oxidation state is green. The thin sections of the glass are too thin for the tint to be perceptible, but the edges of a piece a couple of feet wide are quite noticeable. For some applications even those traces are unacceptable so specially purified starting materials are used, increasing the cost of the glass considerably.
Another commonly used sodium compound is sodium borate, or borax, Na2B4O7. It is an excellent laundry booster and I use some in every load. It is also germicidal, and the former Mrs. Translator and I used it in the diaper pail to reduce odor of rinsed, soiled diapers. It is also an excellent and relatively nontoxic (to mammals) insecticide, and is safe to use around children and pets. People building or renovating houses are wise to put borax in the framing for drywall to act as a long lasting, nontoxic roach preventative.
Yet another commonly encountered sodium salt is monosodium glutamate, or MSG. This is used as a flavor enhancer in many salty and savory dishes. One of the reasons that soy sauce tastes like soy sauce is that soy beans are very high in the amino acid glutamic acid. As the protein is hydrolyzed, glutamic acid is released and combines with sodium, forming this material. Contrary to popular belief, real sensitivity to MSG is almost unknown and it IS a natural product. Almost any cheese has lots of it, except for unripened ones like cottage cheese and cream cheese. As a matter of fact, the scientific consensus is that MSG is the specific trigger for the fifth human taste umami (roughly translated from the Japanese as "delicious"). So go ahead and do not feel bad about using it. It really does make savory foods taste better, but works best with foods that are a little salty in the first place.
There are thousands of compounds with sodium in them, and we can only scratch the surface here. Therefore, we shall consider only one more.
Chlorine bleach is a water solution of sodium hypochlorite, NaClO. It is an oxidizing agent that is used to render colorless (and often water soluble) stains on fabric. It is made by reacting chlorine with sodium hydroxide, another product of the chloralkali process mentioned earlier. Bleach also contains a little sodium hydroxide to keep the pH high, because hypochlorite is unstable in neutral or acidic conditions, releasing chlorine. That is why it bleaches. When you add bleach to laundry, the pH decreases and chlorine, the real bleaching agent, is liberated. It is important to rinse garments thoroughly after using chlorine bleach because if the hydroxide is not removed it will damage the fabric. Weak bleach solutions are also excellent disinfecting solutions on hard surfaces that are not damaged by it.
Well, you have done it again! You have wasted many more einsteins of perfectly good photons reading this salty piece. And even though Huckabee realizes that making jokes about Chris Matthews wetting his pants when he reads me say it, I always learn much more than I could possibly hope to teach by writing this series, so please keep those comments, questions, corrections, and other feedback coming. Tips and recs are also always quite welcome. Remember, no science or technology issue is off topic here.
I shall stay around tonight for as comments warrant, since A***** is out of town. Tomorrow I shall return around 9:00 PM Easter for Review Time.
Doc, aka Dr. David W. Smith
Daily Kos, and


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Dept. of Computer Sc. » Pattern Recognition » Courses » WS 18/19 » Seminar Advanced Algorithms in Medical Image Processing [SemAAMIP]
Seminar Advanced Algorithms in Medical Image Processing [SemAAMIP]
Deep Learning-based algorithms showed great performance in many fields of image procession and pattern recognition and compete with technologies such as compressive sensing and iterative optimization. The basis for the success of these algorithms is the availability of large amounts of data (big data) for training and of high computing power (typically GPUs). In this seminar we try to answer the question how typical problems in medical imaging might profit from deep learning concepts. The discussed fields are computer aided detection (CAD), image reconstruction, image denoising, and image registration. The seminar will give an insight into the newest results in literature. Additionally the participants will have the opportunity to implement example code and learn the usage of typical open source deep learning libraries.
Dates & Rooms:
Monday, 8:15 - 9:45; Room: KH 1.021


System Administration Guide: Basic Administration
Turning Off Power to All Devices
You need to turn off power to all system devices when you do the following:
Turn the power off for system devices, including the CPU, the monitor, and external devices such as disks, tapes, and printers.
Before you turn off power to all system devices, you should shut down the system cleanly, as described in the preceding sections.
ProcedureHow to Turn Off Power to All Devices
 1. Select one of the following methods to shut down the system:
 2. Turn off the power to all devices after the system is shutdown. If necessary, also unplug the power cables.
 3. After power can be restored, use the following steps to turn on the system and devices.
 1. Plug in the power cables.
 2. Turn on the monitor.
 3. Turn on disk drives, tape drives, and printers.
 4. Turn on the CPU.
 The system is brought to run level 3.


TaxProf Blog
Editor: Paul L. Caron
Pepperdine University School of Law
Monday, September 23, 2013
Osofsky Presents Beyond 'Worst-First' Enforcement Today at Loyola-L.A.
Osofsky 2Leigh Osofsky (Miami) presents Beyond "Worst-First" Enforcement, Toward Better First Solutions at Loyola-L.A. today as part of its Tax Policy Colloquium Series:
When enforcement resources are limited, how should the scarce enforcement resources be allocated to maximize compliance with the law? The answer to this question is crucial in determining to what extent the law on the books translates to the law in practice. A dominant school of thought in the tax literature regarding the allocation of scarce enforcement resources suggests that they should be allocated based on a "worst-first" method, whereby the individuals likely to be most noncompliant are targeted. However, "worst-first" methods suffer some underappreciated weaknesses. While "worst-first" methods can encourage all individuals to increase compliance so as not to be deemed the "worst," they can also provide cover to engage in noncompliance that is perceived moderate for the relevant population. This dynamic can become most problematic in highly noncompliant populations. In such populations, existing, high levels of noncompliance, and underlying, structural causes of the high noncompliance can serve as a means of coordinating on mutual, high noncompliance. Moreover, on top of potential, operational difficulties, "worst-first" theories do not provide a comprehensive explanation for the group and project-based enforcement practices that are found in a number of actual enforcement settings. In response to these deficits in existing theory, I draw on work from across different disciplines to develop a new layer of analysis regarding the allocation of scarce tax enforcement resources. I suggest that, under certain conditions, deterrence can be enhanced by allocating scarce enforcement resources among a low-compliance population of taxpayers through a process I call microdeterrence. After setting forth the theoretical case for microdeterrence, I examine how it might apply in the cash business tax sector, a setting that presents particular challenges for "worst-first" methods. I conclude that certain aspects of the cash business tax sector suggest potential benefits from application of microdeterrence. More fundamentally, I suggest that moving beyond the dominant focus on "worst-first" methods may help improve compliance with the tax law.
Jonathan Kalinski (Office of Chief Counsel, IRS) is the commentator.
Colloquia, Scholarship, Tax | Permalink


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Astro-Navigation from Square One to Ocean Master
Authors On Line Ltd
Publication date: August 2012
Digital Book format: ePub (Adobe DRM)
You save: $1.00 (14%)
Astro-navigation from Square One to Ocean-master begins at the very beginning of this relatively complex subject and progresses logically through all the required "astro skills". Each new concept builds on UNDERSTANDING with no "learning by rote". A 130-word glossary, 160 diagrams and 40 worked examples, all using 2011 Sun, Moon, planet and star data, are contained in 308 pages. The parts relevant to the RYA Yachtmaster Ocean syllabus are identified. In nine sections the book begins with the basic concepts of great circles, Greenwich Hour Angle and Declination, describing a heavenly body's position on the celestial sphere which, with the observer's zenith, a body's geographical position and a measured altitude of that body, produces a unique position circle. Greenwich Mean Time and its link to longitude and then latitude estimation from the Sun's meridian passage are explored. Section 2 details the correction to achieve an observed altitude and the need for a calculated from a chosen position, permitting an intercept to be found on the azimuth of the observed body, using the mathematical solution to the PZX triangle. Section 3 explores the design, use and error-correction of the sextant and Section 4, the myriad of navigation tables including Rapid (Air) and Marine Sight Reduction Tables. Section 5 details the Sun, time, GMT and the equation of time. Sections 6,7,8 and 9 each detail the particularities of using the Sun, Moon, planets and stars, using specific examples including Sun-run-Sun, Rapid Sight Reduction Tables for seven chosen stars and Polaris for latitude estimation. The Appendix explores the mathematics of the cosine navigation formula, its conversion for calculator and plotting sheets for ocean position-plotting.


Case study: Your startup beta has new requirements—can your codebase handle them?
The Background
A healthcare startup offering an innovative idea for shift assignments with one beta location was looking to roll out to a second location to continue their market validation.
The Need
During their market validation, the startup had uncovered issues within their solution that needed to be resolved. Their original development had started three years before, and the original developers were not in a position to update/upgrade the existing system.
To be able to meet regulatory compliance and functional needs that would allow them to support multiple beta sites and achieve market validation of their product, Softjourn undertook a technical assessment of their existing mobile-first solution.
Doing so would give the client much-needed information about what was immediately necessary to add or fix, and what could be planned for a future update or upgrade.
The Solution
Once Softjourn had access to the code, we proceeded with a technical assessment using the following criteria:
 - Assessment of the core code/database, including:
 - Are versions out of date?
 - Are basic must-have features achievable?
 - What is its current maintainability level?
 - What is the current database structure?
If we found that the current code was capable of supporting must-have features, we then would attempt to answer the following questions:
 - How could the must-have features be added?
 - Are nice-to-have features attainable with the current codebase, without significant modification?
 - Production Environment(s)
 - Apps, any web interface? Located where?
 - Does any test environment exist?
 - System structure:
 - Is the architecture scalable?
 - Review security for immediate obstacles to getting more beta sites; recommended that, if existing codebase is kept, penetration testing is needed (Softjourn performs penetration testing through a partner company)
 - Is the performance capacity sufficient to significantly increase the client base?
The Benefits
Once we completed the technical assessment, our client gained the following benefits:
 - Written assessment of the code.
 - Thorough opinion on the existing state of the application.
 - Our recommendations on next steps.
 - If the current codebase could handle the new requirements, we fully defined the must-have and nice-to-have features in terms of architecture, UI/UX design, and time/cost estimate.
As a result of Softjourn's technical assessment, our client was able to understand what was realistic from a business perspective. They gained a deeper understanding of their existing product, as well as what next steps were absolutely necessary to reach projected milestones and goals. They also gained an understanding of which requirements could wait.
Partnership & Recognition
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Monday, March 1, 2010
Jean-Charles de la Faille
Today in 1597 is the birthdate for Jean-Charles de la Faille [Flemish mathematician]. He was a contempory of Galileo and one of many Jesuits involved in the sciences. His most famous work is Theoremata de centro gravitatis [Theorems of Centers of Gravity].
The portrait above by Van Dyck was done just prior to de la Faille's move to the court of Phillip IV in Madrid in 1629 and considered the only portrait that Van Dyck did of a scientist.
Jean-Charles de la Faille [Wikipedia]


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Instructions are - K3, sl1 pwise, yarn in front, K2I can do K3, sl1 pwise - now I'm confused. should I have yarn in backas if to purl when moving pwise stitch and then move yarn back to front and K2 or what? Help! Than ks
The comma shouldn't be there between sl 1 and yarn in front. Slip the st with the yarn in front, then move it back to k2. Slipping purlwise refers to how you insert the needle to slip it, not where the yarn is. Usually it should be left where ever it was for the previous stitch unless the pattern specfically says front or back which it does in this case.


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College Internships and Fellowships
The Schiele Museum's college internship and fellowship program is designed to provide an educational opportunity for students in the area of museum practice, research and programming through guided work/research experiences using the resources of the museum. An internship at The Schiele Museum is a prearranged, structured learning experience scheduled within a specific time frame under the direct supervision of Schiele staff and may apply toward academic credit.
Opportunities for Research and Study
Click the links below to learn about specific opportunities, as well as deadlines, addresses and other specific information regarding various internship programs.
Projects vary by department and past projects include:
- Archaeology: fieldwork on prehistoric sites and artifact analysis
- Education: assist with developing, presenting and evaluating public programs and workshops
- 18th Century History and Backcountry Lifeways: researching and presenting living history programs
- Aboriginal Studies and Primitive Skills: learning primitive skills and assisting with programs and workshops
- Exhibits: fabricating and installing exhibits, developing databases for exhibitions, developing press kits and editing label text
- Visitor Services: developing and evaluating visitor guides and giving tours
- Collections: organizing and cataloging photos, monitoring museum environmental conditions and assisting with upgrading collections storage
Most interns work 15 to 25 hours a week. Some interns choose to find a part-time job to help support their stay.


text:
What Is It?
Social Studies, History, Information Technology
Change, Ways of life
- Mail-order catalogues on this site
- Photographs of artifacts from Eaton's catalogues (links
- Teacher hints (below)
- Ask students to select an object from the list of photographs below.
- By using the historical catalogue pages
from this site, and with the help of the indexes, students must find out
it was used, what it was used for, and what it cost.
- Foot warmer
- Shoe and harness repair kit
- Pair of sad iron handles and bases
- Meat grinder
- Foot-powered sewing machine
- Electric toaster
- Electric washing machine.
Foot warmer, ca?
On a cold winter's night in a home heated by a
a stoneware foot warmer filled with hot water would have been a welcome
to a bed. Foot warmers were also used in carriages and in early
didn't have heaters.
Shoe and harness repair kit, ca 1900
This "Combination Family Cobbler/Tinker &
contained the tools required to perform repairs to shoes and horse
in this kit were childrenand adult-sized lasts, or shoe forms, a
hammer, a tack hammer, a leather punch, and a variety of nails.
Pair of sad iron bases and handles, ca 1900-50
Before women used electric irons to press clothes and
they used sad irons. Sad irons were usually sold as sets with one
wooden handle and three cast iron bases. Women heated two or three bases
wood stove at a time. They attached the handle to one preheated base, used
to iron until it cooled down, and then replaced it with a heated base from
Meat grinder, ca 1910-50
At a time when people raised their own livestock and did
own butchering, many people made their own sausages and ground meats by
a hand-powered meat grinder. After clamping the grinder to a table, they
drop chunks of meat into the funnel-like hopper and turn the handle. An
blade inside would grind up the meat and the resulting ground meat would
out through the opening on the side into a sausage casing or a bowl.
Foot-powered sewing machine, ca 1910-50
Eaton's offered its own brand of sewing machine in
catalogues. This Eatonia sewing machine would have been fastened to a
cabinet with a foot-pedal underneath. By pumping the pedal with her foot
guiding the fabric with her hands, a woman could have sewn clothing that
modeled on the latest catalogue fashions.
Electric toaster, ca 1920
This electric "turn-over" toaster was used to
one piece of bread at a time. When one side was toasted, the user flipped
bread over so the other side could be toasted too.
Electric washing machine, 1926
"All the old, wearying, back-breaking rubbing and
of wash-tub days done away with for you," boasted the advertisement
this electric washing machine in the Eaton's spring-and-summer 1926
However, most Canadian homes did not yet have electricity in 1926 and
continue to do the laundry using washtubs, washboards, and their own
for a few more decades.


text:
In this work, we interpreted gravity data to determine the structural characteristics responsible for high-gravity anomalies in Bagodo, North Cameroon. These anomalies had not previously been characterized through a local study. Thus, we undertook a regional–residual separation of the gravity anomalies by using the polynomial method. Geophysical signatures of near-surface small-extent geological structures were revealed. To conduct a quantitative interpretation of the gravity anomalies, one profile was drawn on a residual Bouguer anomaly map and then interpreted by spectral analysis, the ideal body solution, and 2.5-dimensional modeling. Our results showed that the intrusive body in the Bagodo area consists of two trapezoidal blocks. The first and second blocks have roofs approximately 7.5 and 14 km deep, respectively, whereas their bases are approximately 17 km deep. These values are in agreement with those obtained by the ideal body solution, which showed two cells with a density contrast of 0.3 g·cm−3 in comparison with the surrounding rocks. The density of this body was estimated to be approximately 3 g·cm−3. The topography of these rocks showed that they are basaltic rocks that would have cooled in fracture zones as an intrusion.
We present a statistical study of "trunk-like" structures observed in He+ and O+ in the inner magnetosphere. The main characteristic of these structures is that the energy of the peak flux decreases earthward. Using observations from the Helium Oxygen Proton Electron (HOPE) instrument onboard Van Allen Probe A, we identify the trunks observed from November 2012 to June 2019 and obtain the universal time, L shell, magnetic local time (MLT), and energy information of each trunk's root and tip. We then investigate the behavior of trunks in terms of their frequency of occurrence, temporal evolution, spatial and energy distribution, and trunk dependence on different geomagnetic indices. We find that (1) the trunks are always located at L = 1.5−4.0 and have a preferential location mainly concentrated at MLT = 18−24, (2) the sector within MLT = 14−16 is a forbidden zone without trunk roots, and (3) the energy of He+ trunks is the largest near dusk and gradually decreases in the counterclockwise direction, whereas the energy of O+ trunks is relatively evenly distributed with MLT and L. The differences between He+ and O+ trunks are probably due to the different charge exchange and Coulomb collision lifetime. The dependence on different geomagnetic indices indicates that the trunk structures occur more frequently during relatively quiet periods.
Water is essential for the formation of a magmatic arc by lowering the melting temperature of materials in the mantle wedge. As such, it is logical to attribute the absence of a magmatic arc to insufficient water released from the subducting plate, although a number of other factors may cause volcanic arc quiescence as well, such as a slab window or flat slab subduction. In this contribution, we present a possible but testable correlation between the occurrence of a magmatic arc and seamount subduction in light of bathymetric data obtained near trenches. This correlation, if it holds true, in turn means that a magmatic arc is unlikely to occur when the subducting slabs have not been severely fractured and that one of the main reasons for excluding effects such as the slab window or flat slab subduction may be that the plate is not accompanied by seamounts. Therefore, the role that seamount subduction plays in recycling water back into the mantle deserves more attention from the earth sciences community.
During an experiment involving the alternating O / X mode pump, the Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) observation demonstrated that the high frequency enhanced ion line (HFIL) and plasma line (HFPL) did not immediately appear, but were delayed by a few seconds after the pump onset. By examining the initial behaviors of the ion line, plasma line and electron temperature as well as ionosphere condition, it is shown that (1) the HFIL and HFPL are delayed not only in the X mode pump but also in the O mode pump; (2) the HFIL can not be observed until the electron temperature is enhanced. The analysis suggests that (1) the leakage of the X mode to the O mode pump may not be ignored; (2) the spatiotemporal uncertainty, the spatiotemporal change in the profiles of ion mass and electron density, may play an important role in the lack of the Bragg condition; (3) nevertheless, the absence of parametric decay instability can not be ruled out due to the lack of matching condition caused by the spatiotemporal uncertainty.
It is widely believed that the electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves play an important role in influencing the radiation belt and ring current dynamics. Most studies investigated the effects or characteristics of EMIC waves assuming their left-handed polarization. However, recent studies found that the polarization reversal, which occurs at higher latitudes along the wave propagation path, can change the wave-induced pitch angle diffusion coefficients. Whether such a polarization reversal can influence the global ring current dynamics remains unknown. In this study, we investigate the ring current dynamics and proton precipitation loss in association with the polarization reversed EMIC waves using the Ring current - Atmosphere interactions Model (RAM). The results indicate that the polarization reversal of H-Band EMIC waves truly can decrease the scattering rates of protons of 10 to 50 keV or > 100 keV by comparing with the scenario where the EMIC waves are considered as purely left-handed polarized. Additionally, it is found that the global ring current intensity and proton precipitation can be slightly affected by the polarization reversal, especially during the prestorm and recovery phase, but the effects are not that large during the main phase. This is probably because the H-Band EMIC waves contribute to the proton scattering loss primarily at E < 10 keV, an energy range that is not strongly affected by the polarization reversal.
The plasma density is an important factor in determining wave-particle interaction in the magnetosphere. We develop a machine learning-based electron density (MLED) model in the inner magnetosphere using a data set of electron density from Van Allen Probes between September 25, 2012 and August 30, 2019. This MLED model is a physics-based nonlinear network that employs fundamental physical principles to represent the variation of electron density. It predicts the plasmapause location under different geomagnetic activities and models the electron density of the plasmasphere and trough separately. We train the model using gradient descent and backpropagation algorithms, which can be widely used to deal effectively with nonlinear relationships among physical quantities in space plasma environments. The model gives explicit expressions with few parameters and describes the association of electron density with geomagnetic activity, solar cycle, and seasonal effects. Under various geomagnetic conditions, the electron densities calculated by this model agree well with the observation and provide a good description of the plasmapause movement. This MLED model, which can be easily incorporated into the previously developed radiation belt model, would be very helpful in modeling and forecasting the radiation belt electron dynamics.
In the last decades, global seismic observations have identified increasingly complex anisotropy of the Earth's inner core. Plenty of seismic studies have confirmed the anisotropy presents hemispherical variations in inner core. Here we report the effect of light elements on the anisotropy of hcp iron under inner core conditions based on ab initio molecular dynamics calculations. We found that light elements have significant effects on the density, sound velocities, and the anisotropy of hcp-Fe-X (X = C, O, Si, and S) binary alloy. For these binary alloys, the anisotropy depends on combined effects of temperature and the type of light element. Furthermore, there is a certain increase of the anisotropy strength with the increasing temperature. Alloying iron with some light elements such as C or O actually does not improve but reduces the strength of anisotropy of pure iron at high temperatures. Oppositely, light element S can significantly enhance the elastic anisotropy strength of hcp-Fe.
The role of Moonquake hazard distribution (peak ground acceleration, PGA; instrumental intensity Moonquakes scale, IIM) on the co-seismic moment is critical for understanding the lunar quake (including the shallow and deep lunar quakes). Here, we use Lagrangian analysis methods and lunar surface image extraction-calibration technologies to investigate the relationship between the co-seismic induced ground motion (PGA and IIM) and the rolling trajectories of the lunar boulder on the lunar slope. First, the inverse algorithm, the validation of IIM (00.18g_m), the certain critical rolling condition between the PGA and the IIM, and the falling boulder are obtained. Then, the correlation between IIM scale (scale I, ~ 0 m⁄s^2 ; scale II, ~ 0.0017g_m; scale III, 0.0017g_m0.014g_m; scale IV, 0.014 g_m0.039g_m; scale V, 0.039 g_m0.092g_m; scale VI, 0.092g_m0.18g_m) and different parameters (e.g., lunar slope 1°44°; lasting time, t, 0.12s ; fixed PGA coefficient, the ratio of the vertical component to the horizontal component of PGA amplitude, A_y0⁄A_x0 =2) is simulated and discussed. All these results play an important role in understanding lunar quakes' mechanism and the internal structure evolution. The elevation extraction-cal


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The AWR Design Environment comes with over 400 examples projects. These are to help users see what is possible and how to do specific types of simulations. The AWR knowledgebase has one page per example provided to preview the example before you open it. Each page will have a description of the example and images that help explain what is in the example. Some sample images below for a power amplifier design.
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
When trying to solve the Schrödinger equation for hydrogen, one usually splits up the wave function into two parts:
$\psi(r,\phi,\theta)= R(r)Y_{l,m}(\phi,\theta)$
I understand that the radial part usually has a singularity for the 1s state at $r=0$ and this is why you remove it by writing:
$R(r) = \frac{U(r)}{r}$
But what is the physical meaning of $R(r=0) = \infty$. Wouldn't this mean that the electron cloud is only at the centre of the atomic nucleolus?
Thanks in advance!
share|improve this question
5 Answers 5
The infinitesimal probability for the electron to be in the volume $dV$ around a point $(r,\theta,\phi)\leftrightarrow (x,y,z)$ is given by $$ dP = dV\cdot |\psi(x,y,z)|^2 = dV\cdot |R(r)|^2\cdot |Y_{lm}(\theta,\phi)|^2 =\dots$$ as you can see if you substitute your Ansatz for the wave function. However, the infinitesimal volume $dV=dx\cdot dy\cdot dz$ may be rewritten in terms of differentials of the spherical coordinates as $$ dV = dr\cdot r^2 \cdot d\Omega = dr\cdot r^2 \cdot \sin\theta\cdot d\theta\cdot d\phi $$ where the small solid angle $d\Omega$ was rewritten in terms of the spherical coordinates. You see that for dimensional reasons (or because the surface of a sphere scales like $r^2$), there is an extra factor of $r^2$ in $dV$ and therefore also in $dP$ which suppresses the probability. There is simply not enough volume for small values of $r$.
So $|R(r)|^2$ may still go like $1/r^2$ for small $r$ and in that case, $dV$ will be proportional to $dr$ times a function that is finite for $r\to 0$. Such $dP$ may be integrated and there's no divergence at all near $r=0$.
That's why one should allow the wave function to go like $1/r$ near $r=0$ which is the true counterpart of one-dimensional wave function's being finite near a point. However, Nature doesn't use this particular loophole because the wave function $\psi$ for small $r$ actually scales like $r^l$ where $l$ is the orbital quantum number and the wave function actually never diverges even though it could.
share|improve this answer
The physical observable is not the wavefunction, but its integral over a finite area. In spherical coordinates, this is:
$P({\vec x})=\int dr\, d\theta\, d\phi r^{2}\sin\theta \psi^{*}\psi$
This integrand is manifestly finite at $r=0$, even if $R(r)$ has a $\frac{1}{r}$ divergance.
share|improve this answer
Dear _USER_, you were a minute faster but shorter ;-). I think that $\sin^2\theta$ should be just $\sin\theta$. – Luboš Motl Apr 26 '12 at 16:32
Indeed! I'm so used to writing the metric that I forgot the square root. – Jerry Schirmer Apr 26 '12 at 17:16
Good way to phrase the priorities. ;-) – Luboš Motl Apr 26 '12 at 18:09
For a hydrogen-like atom in 3 spatial dimensions, the rewriting of the radial part
is not performed to keep the $u(r)$ part regular, as OP suggests, but usually because the 3D radial equation in terms of the $u$ function has the same form as a 1D Schrödinger equation.
Imagine that the radial wave function goes as a power
$$R(r) ~\sim ~ r^{p} \qquad {\rm for} \qquad r~\to~ 0, \qquad p~\in~\mathbb{R}.$$
On general grounds, one can impose the following list of consistency conditions, listed with the weakest condition first and the strongest condition last.
 1. Normalizability of the wave function $$\infty~>~\langle\psi|\psi\rangle~=~\int d^3r~|\psi(\vec{r})|^2 ~\propto~ \int_0^{\infty} r^{2}dr~|R(r)|^2.$$ Integrability at $r=0$ yields that the power $p>-\frac{3}{2}$. In other words, this normalizability condition does not by itself imply that $R(r)$ or $u(r)$ should be regular at $r=0$, which is also the conclusion of many of the other answers.
 2. The expectation value of the potential energy $V$ should be bounded from below, $$-\infty~<~\langle\psi| V|\psi\rangle~=~\int d^3r~V(r)|\psi(\vec{r})|^2~\propto~-\int_0^{\infty} rdr~|R(r)|^2. $$ Integrability at $r=0$ yields that the power $p>-1$. In other words, $u(r)$ should be regular for $r\to 0$.
 3. The kinetic energy operator (or equivalently, the Laplacian $\Delta$) should behave self-adjointly for two wave functions $\psi_1(\vec{r})$ and $\psi_2(\vec{r})$, $$\langle\psi_1| \Delta\psi_2\rangle~=~-\langle\vec{\nabla}\psi_1| \cdot\vec{\nabla}\psi_2\rangle,$$ without picking up pathological contributions at $r=0$. A detailed analysis shows that the powers of the radial parts of $\psi_1(\vec{r})$ and $\psi_2(\vec{r})$ should satisfy $p>-\frac{1}{2}$.
In comparison, the actual bound state solutions have non-negative $p=\ell\in \mathbb{N}_0$, and therefore satisfy these three conditions.
share|improve this answer
In addition to the simply geometric constraints that Jerry and Lubos talk about, the derivation used to illustrate the problem almost always assumes that the proton is a point particle which is a pretty good approximation but not strictly true. Working the problem again with a realistic proton charge density function (roughly constant inside a radius of about 1 fm) would be another way to remove the singularity.
Mind you, you this argument does not hold true for the positronium so you still need the geometric constraint.
share|improve this answer
Re:positronium: wouldn't sub-Compton-wavelength renormalization of the Coulomb law soften the singularity? – Slaviks Apr 26 '12 at 19:28
_USER_: I'm a little on thin ice here, but I think that renormalization does solve the problem, but that's in the context of QFT, while this question seem to be phrased in the language of introductory QM. – dmckee Apr 26 '12 at 19:53
Sure, I was just entertaining the concept :) There is no singularity in the w.f., worrying in about the radial part is just staring at a singularity if the coordinate system, imho. – Slaviks Apr 26 '12 at 19:56
For Hydrogen, $R(r)$ does not diverge, as $U(r)$ vanishes as fast as (or faster than) $r$ as $r\rightarrow 0$. In fact, it's only for the $s$ orbitals that the wavefunction is non zero at $r=0$. But as pointed out before, a non-zero radial wavefunction does not mean a non-zero probability of finding the electron at the center.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


Immigration Lawyer.Blog
Home » Posts tagged 'Deportation'
Tag Archives: Deportation
Temporary Protected Status Ended for Haitian Citizens
Acting Secretary of Homeland Security Elaine Duke recently announced that tens of thousands of Haitians living in the United States under Temporary Protected Status have until July 22, 2019, to return to Haiti.
The Haitian citizens were given protected status to live and work in the United States after Haiti's infrastructure was heavily damaged in a 2010 earthquake. Since then, the status of those protected and their ability to safely return to their country was evaluated periodically and the status extended. After the most recent review, the Department of Homeland Security announced its decision to end the protected status for the Haitian citizens, who must now return to Haiti by the July 22, 2019, deadline or face deportation.
Temporary Protected Status may be granted to citizens of a foreign country who are already in the United States and cannot return to their countries due to temporary conditions that make it unsafe to return, or because their government cannot handle their return. The status is granted by the Secretary of Homeland Security. Even undocumented immigrants in the country illegally when a Temporary Protected Status is designated for their countries are protected.
Haitian citizens are not the only group that is protected under the Temporary Protected Status. In addition to Haiti, there are other large groups from nine other countries that are allowed to live and work in the United States without fear of deportation. Citizens of El-Salvador living the United States under Temporary Protected Status are reported to represent the largest group of people living in the United States under this status, and will be next to hear if their status will be extended.
As the name suggests, the program is supposed to offer temporary relief for humanitarian reasons. The situations for which Temporary Protected Status may be approved for citizens of a foreign country include:
 - Ongoing armed conflict,
 - An environmental disaster, or an epidemic, and
 - Other extraordinary and temporary conditions
Depending on the country in question however, these situations may not be temporary, and may impact the ability of the foreign government's' ability to receive its citizens for a long time. This is part of the criticism against the program, that it is not temporary, and is used as a back door to allow immigrants to settle in the country.
Because most people who are granted the chance to live and work in the United States under this program have children and otherwise settle into their lives here, going back to their countries of origin is not an easy task. For those with children who were born in the United States and are therefore citizens, the decision to take their children back or leave them in the United States will be a very difficult one to make. The parents will either have to find others who are willing to take care of their children, or stay beyond the deadline and face deportation. People who are facing this choice should explore their options in terms of adjusting their status in order to stay in the United States legally.
Contact an Experienced Immigration Attorney
For more information on how an experienced immigration attorney can assist you in reviewing your options to change your status and stay in the United States, contact our multi-lingual staff to speak to an experienced immigration attorney from Strassburg, Gilmore & Wei, LLP, in Pasadena, California.
How the Issue of Competence Affects an Immigration Proceeding
In criminal proceedings in which a person is charged with a crime, the prosecution cannot go on if a person is found to be incompetent or suffering from a mental illness. This is usually done in order to protect the defendant and ensure that the person is afforded constitutional due process rights. In immigration proceedings, a person's incompetence due to a mental illness or condition can affect a person's removal or deportation, but not in the same way as in a criminal trial.
In a deportation hearing, the person to be deported is presumed to be competent for purposes of the proceedings. However, if there is an indication that the person is not competent, for example because the person shows signs of mental illness, then the immigration judge has to make a determination of the person's competency before the proceedings can go on.
A person who is able to communicate with his or her attorney and rationally understand the deportation proceeding is generally deemed to be competent, and the immigration proceedings can proceed without a legal challenge.
Once the judge makes a determination that a person who is facing deportation is not competent, the deportation proceedings do not stop as a criminal case would if the judge found a defendant incompetent to stand trial. The immigration judge is supposed to ensure that certain safeguards are in place, and then the removal proceedings can go on.
Some of the safeguards include ensuring that the person facing deportation is assisted by another person in presenting his or her case, not accepting admissions or other incriminating confessions from the person, and closing the hearing to the public. These safeguards do not truly address the issue of the person's incompetence, and are therefore inadequate to offer real protections for a person suffering from mental illness and facing deportation.
Immigration judges make determinations of whether or not someone is incompetent by reviewing the evidence provided by the person facing deportation, as well as by the government. Neither the government nor the person facing deportation has a formal burden to provide the evidence upon which the judge relies. The judge also reviews all the evidence under a standard of proof that is lower than that required in a criminal case. This means that the person facing deportation cannot rely on the fact that the government has not produced evidence of competency to prove incompetency.
A person can prove that he or she has a mental illness that makes that person incompetent for purposes of the proceeding by calling witnesses to testify on his or her behalf, or by introducing medical records and evaluation reports that support the claims. If there is a long history of treatment and an indication that the treatment should be ongoing, it is likely that the immigration judge may find the person incompetent for purposes of the immigration proceeding.
Contact an Experienced Immigration Attorney
Having an attorney during an immigration proceeding is extremely important, especially for someone who cannot truly represent himself or herself due to mental illness. For more information on how a person's mental illness can affect him or her during deportation proceedings, you should contact our multi-lingual staff to speak to an experienced immigration attorney from Strassburg, Gilmore & Wei, LLP, in Pasadena, California.
ICE Sensitive Locations
The story of a young girl facing possible deportation after being apprehended by border patrol agents while she was on her way to a hospital to undergo surgery has raised questions about the so-called sensitive locations where immigration-based arrests are not generally conducted.
Sensitive locations refer to areas that the Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency has restricted immigration enforcement actions except in three situations:
 - If there are exigent circumstances;
 - The immigration officials are led to the sensitive location through other law enforcement investigations; or,
 - The immigration officials have prior approval to conduct the enforcement actions from a designated supervisory official.
In some cases, arrests and other enforcement actions can take place in a sensitive location as long as there is a prior agreement between the undocumented immigrant and immigration enforcement agents. For example, when an undocumented immigrant surrenders to immigration agents at a hospital or church.
Sensitive locations include hospitals, schools, daycare centers, rallies or demonstrations, and places of religious worship. Courthouses are not considered sensitive locations. The designation of these areas as sensitive areas is supposed to encourage people to seek the services offered at these locations without fear of deportation. It is also important to note that sensitive locations that are located near a border are treated differently. Sensitive locations near borders are afforded less protection that those away from borders, although immigration officers are supposed to use common sense in taking action in these areas so as to act within the spirit of the policy.
The young girl mentioned above was detained after being stopped at an immigration check point on her way to the hospital as opposed to being detained at the hospital. Therefore, and immigration officials argue that this distinguishes her from someone who would be arrested at a hospital after going there to seek treatment. While this seems like a hollow distinction, because the policy of not making arrests in sensitive locations is a government agency policy and not a law, there are few ways to challenge its application unless the agency failed to follow its own policies.
Because of deportation priorities, immigration agents do have some discretion when it comes to whom to detain and place in immigration proceedings, and this determination can be made on a case by case basis. In the past, undocumented immigrants who were convicted of crimes were priority targets for deportation. The priorities are less clear now.
Undocumented immigrants who need to go to sensitive locations for services should not rely on the designations of these spaces as sensitive spaces. Being improperly apprehended at a sensitive location is not a defense that will necessarily stop an undocumented immigrant from being deported.
Contact Our Team for a Consultation
If your family member has been detained pending deportation proceedings, you need an experienced immigration attorney to present your best case before the immigration judge. For legal assistance with seeking a change in your immigration status, contact our multi-lingual staff to speak to experienced immigration attorney Nathan Wei from Strassburg, Gilmore & Wei, LLP, in Pasadena, California for a consultation.
Proving Extreme Hardship for American Children When Undocumented Parents are Deported
When an undocumented immigrant who has American born children is in removal proceedings facing the possibility of deportation, the immigrant may seek a waiver from being deported because the immigrant's deportation would cause extreme hardship to his or her children. This is a recognized exception, and if the immigrant can meet certain factors, he or she may be able to avoid deportation.
In claiming that the children will face undue hardship, there is a difference in the kind of information required as proof of the hardship when the children have another parent present in the United States and that required when


Scouting Tips
1. Find your Huntables
Huntables are one of the fastest sources of Food available. When the match starts, try and find your nearby Huntables and kill them with your scout (they don't decay!). You can then bring your Villagers and build a Storehouse next to them and start gathering Food.
For the most efficient gathering possible, try and spread your Villagers so that you have one on each Huntable animal.
2. Scout your opponent's Base
Once you are done killing your Huntables, send your Scout towards your opponent's base. See where their resources are located, if they are gathering from Huntables or Berries, if they are making early Military Units, etc.
Knowing what your opponent is doing is extremely important in making your next decisions. Keep on Scouting!
3. Check the opponent's Stone
Keep an eye on your opponent's Stone deposit. If they are mining Stone, it is likely that they are going for an early 2nd Town Center. Knowing this can help you make a decision whether you want to respond with a Town Center of your own, or to try a more aggressive strategy.
Be careful, though! If your opponent only has 1-2 Villagers on Stone, it may mean that they are going for an aggressive Tower Rush strategy! In that case, make sure to opt for a more defensive strategy and be prepared for a Tower Rush.
4. Build Watch Posts
Watch Posts are very useful for getting vision on key parts of the map. Use your Scout to build them in strategic places (such as where your opponent might send a group of units to attack you, or a Gold Deposit that your opponent might start gathering from soon) so you're always one step ahead.
In case your Scout dies, you can still use your Villagers to build Watch Posts. Preparation is key!


text:
Next to bragging about which community enjoys or endures the most weather, Canadians like to boast how their province or territory compares with the warmest, snowiest or the windiest. To settle arguments as to which jurisdiction can legitimately lay claim to being tops in weather, David Phillips, Environment Canada's Senior Climatologist analyzed 30 years of recent weather data for each of Canada's ten provinces and three territories. His results are sure to provide for entertaining conversation but could also assist provincial and territorial governments, industries, tourism and recreational businesses and those seeking weather information to make decisions on where to reside for retirement or health purposes.
Province-Territory Weather Winners is a follow-up to the highly popular Canadian Cities Are Weather Winners site released in 2003. This new study looks at how each Canadian province and territory ranks in 70 different weather categories, including those groupings used in the city weather winners. Data for 30 years from 150 weather stations, representative of the geography in each province and territory, were used to compute averages for each jurisdiction. Among the categories included are: the warmest province or territory year-round, the hottest in summer, the coldest in winter, the sunniest year-round, the province or territory with the most freezing rain days, the most heavy snow days, the most thunderstorm days, etc. The website allows you to view how your province or territory ranks for each of the categories and includes the weighted-average value for the category in question.


text:
Construction paper (sugar paper) is a tough, coarse, coloured paper. The texture is slightly rough, and the surface is unfinished. Due to the source material, mainly wood pulp, small particles are visible on the paper's surface. It is used for projects or crafts.
The origin of the term "sugar paper" lies in its use for making bags to contain sugar. It is related to the "blue paper" used by confectionery bakers from the 17th century England onwards; for example, in the baking of Regency ratafia cakes (or macaroons).
The term "construction paper" was associated with the material in the early 20th century, although the general process for creating the paper began in the late 19th century when industrialized paper production and synthetic dye technology were combined. Around that time, construction paper was primarily advertised for classroom settings as an effective canvas for supporting multiple drawing mediums. The process for creating the paper involved a machine oriented process that exposed the paper to dyes while it was still pulp, resulting in a thorough distribution and brilliance of colour. The primary dyes involved in producing construction paper were abundant until Germany, the main producer of aniline for dyes at the time, became involved in World War I and ceased its exports. The shortage marked a period in which construction paper was created using substitute colouring methods.
One of the defining features of construction paper is the radiance of its colours. Before the methodology behind construction paper's colouring was introduced, most paper was coloured by pigments and vegetable oil, which had weaker staining capabilities. Synthetic dyes were later developed, which provided a wider range of colours, stronger dyeing strength, and had lower costs. However, the colours given by synthetic dyes tend to fade over short periods of time, an effect often seen in construction paper, noted by greying colours and brittleness.
- "Dictionary of Traded Goods and Commodities, _PHONE_". British History online. 2007. Retrieved 2007-11-24.
- Driver, Dustin (1999-03-26). "South Park Studios: No Walk in the Park". Apple.com. Retrieved 2011-11-18.
- _URL_ Construction Paper: A Brief History of Impermanence
|This material-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


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Free Search (10899 images)
Oxygen makes Venus glow at night
Rating: 5.00/5 (1 votes cast)
- Title Oxygen makes Venus glow at night
- Released 11/04/2007 2:35 pm
- Copyright ESA/VIRTIS/INAF-IASF/Obs. de Paris-LESIA
This grey-scale image was taken on 3 June 2006 by the Visible and Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer (VIRTIS) onboard ESA's Venus Express, at a distance of 68 000 kilometres from the planet's surface.
The image shows the oxygen airglow in the night-side of Venus, appearing as the bright features similar to 'clouds' visible at the bottom of the image, and also visible as the white ring surrounding the planet's disk (limb). The oxygen airglow is fully detectable only at specific infrared wavelengths. This image was obtained at 1.27 micrometres.
The fluorescence of the airglow is produced when oxygen atoms, 'migrating' from the day-side to the night-side of the atmosphere of Venus under the push of the so-called sub-solar and anti-solar atmospheric circulation, recombine into molecular oxygen (or 'O2') emitting light.
The view was obtained from south, with the south pole at the top of the image. The lower horizon is at about 20 degrees South latitude, while the image centre is at 60 degrees East longitude (coinciding with midnight local time).


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Database has large amounts of unused space (SharePoint Foundation 2010)
Published: November 15, 2011
Rule Name: Database has large amounts of unused space.
Summary: The database has large amounts of unused space allocated on the disk. This database uses a large amount of space on the file system unless it is shrunk down to a small size. This event occurs if the unused space is more than 20% of the disk space and the unused space is greater than the auto-growth size plus 50 megabytes (MB).
Cause: Many activities can create unused space in the database. These activities include running the Windows PowerShell Move-SPSite command, and deleting documents, document libraries, lists, list items, and sites.
Resolution: Ignore this event, or shrink the database if you have to.
Normally you can safely ignore this event. You shrink a database only if it proves absolutely necessary — for example, when you have performed an operation that removes a very large quantity of data from a database, and the free space is not expected to be used again. You can shrink the database by using the DBCC ShrinkDatabase command or SQL Server Management Studio. For more information, see DBCC SHRINKDATABASE (Transact-SQL) (_URL_ and How to: Shrink a Database (SQL Server Management Studio) (_URL_
The white paper Database Maintenance for Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Products (_URL_ provides very important guidelines for shrinking a database. We strongly recommend that you read this white paper before you shrink a database.
November 15, 2011


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Bringing to life aspects of Victorian times through music, songs and dances, with a combination of performance in costume and pupil participation. This can be adapted for both primary and secondary age pupils.
Songs and dances can highlight topics such as:
- Life and work in the countryside
- The effects of the corn laws
- Music hall entertainment
- Effects of the industrial revolution
- Life on the canals
- New pastimes eg cycling


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Meridian Manor is a significant example of the speculative middle-class apartment buildings that were constructed in the 1910s and 1920s along the 14th Street streetcar line. Noted architect George T. Santmyers' design is characteristic of the architecture and development in this area by developers who attempted to capitalize on the proximity to the streetcar line, as well as the demand for solid, modestly appointed middle-class apartment buildings. Designed between 1926 and 1927, Meridian Manor was constructed by the prominent building firm Biron & Son.
As an example of the conventional mid-rise apartment form, Meridian Manor reflects the acceptance of middle-class apartment buildings in Washington during the 1910s and 1920s and the success of moderate apartments developed along the upper 14th Street corridor during this period. Apartment design and planning were undergoing important innovations in the late 1910s and early 1920s in response to the pressing need for housing due to the city's rapidly expanding population. Developers saw the need to offer modestly appointed apartments that appealed to Washington's expanding middle-class population. The apartments of the upper 14th Street corridor were developed and promoted as solidly constructed apartments with the convenience of streetcar accessibility to downtown.
DC Inventory: September 26, 2001
National Register: March 29, 2001


can communicate telepathically with any creature that has a language and is within 30 feet of the psicrystal, while the psicrystal is also within 1 mile of the owner.
Flight (Su): If the owner is 9th level or higher, he can, as a standard action, will his psicrystal to fly at a speed of 50 feet (poor). The psicrystal drifts gently to the ground after one day (or sooner, if the owner desires).
Power Resistance (Ex): If the owner is 11th level or higher, the psicrystal gains power resistance equal to the owner's level + 5. To affect the psicrystal with a power, another manifester must get a result on a manifester level check that equals or exceeds the psicrystal's power resistance.
Sight Link (Sp): If the owner is 13th level or higher, the character can remote view the psicrystal (as if manifesting the remote view power) once per day.
Channel Power (Sp): If the owner is 15th level or higher, he can manifest powers through the psicrystal to a distance of up to 1 mile. The psicrystal is treated as the power's originator, and all ranges are calculated from its location.
When channeling a power through his psicrystal, the owner manifests the power by paying its power point cost. He is still subject to attacks of opportunity and other hazards of manifesting a power, if applicable (for instance, he becomes visible when manifesting an offensive power if invisible, as does the psicrystal).
Psicrystal Personality (Ex): Each psicrystal has a distinct personality, chosen by its owner at the time of its creation from among those given on the following table. At 1st level, its owner typically gets a feel for a psicrystal's personality only through occasional impulses, but as the owner increases in level the psicrystal's personality becomes more pronounced. At higher levels, it is not uncommon for a psicrystal to constantly ply its owner with observations and advice, often severely slanted toward the psicrystal's particular worldview. The owner always sees a bit of himself in his psicrystal, even if magnified and therefore distorted.
Psicrystal Personalities
PersonalityBenefit to Owner
+3 bonus on Craft checks
Bully+3 bonus on Intimidate checks
Coward+3 bonus on Hide checks
Friendly+3 bonus on Diplomacy checks
Hero+2 bonus on Fortitude saves
Liar+3 bonus on Bluff checks
Meticulous+3 bonus on Search checks
Nimble+2 bonus on Initiative checks
Observant+3 bonus on Spot checks
Poised+3 bonus on Balance checks
Resolved+2 bonus on Will saves
Sage+3 bonus on checks involving any one Knowledge skill owner already knows; once chosen, this does not vary
Single-minded+3 bonus on Concentration checks
Sneaky+3 bonus on Move Silently checks
Sympathetic+3 bonus on Sense Motive checks


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ISTANBUL - Anatolia News Agency
The Ottomans' popular drink, sherbet, known for its healing effects, has been increasingly forgotten over time and is now largely consumed ceremonially in Ramadan
The restaurant prepares some 100 types
of traditional Ottoman sherbet and offers 15-20 types a day to its customers. AA photos
Sherbet, once the most popular Ottoman drink, has been essentially relegated to symbolic consumption during the holy month of Ramadan even though it is a healthier alternative to today's soft drinks, according to one restaurant proprietor.
"People of all ages are drinking soft drinks which are very harmful. We are trying to keep the sherbet tradition alive in our restaurant," Abdullah Korun, general director of Istanbul's 123-year-old restaurant Hacı Abdullah Lokantası, recently old Anatolia news agency. "We prepare nearly 100 types of sherbet but we serve 15 to 20 types a day to our customers. Restaurants should keep such natural drinks rather than soda drinks."
During the time of the Ottomans, there were roughly 300 types of sherbets made from various fresh flowers and fruits such as rose, lily, jasmine, silverberry, lotus, violet and others. Today, this traditional drink is still kept alive in modern life but with fewer types. Korun said sherbet was one of the most important products both in the kitchen of the palace and the public in the past.
The director of the restaurant, which was opened during the era of Abdülhamit II, said sherbet, made from dried and cold stewed fruits, was a favorite and irreplaceable drink, particularly during the holy month of Ramadan. "In the past, there were no refrigeration systems like fridges and sherbet was prepared and consumed daily," he added. Forgotten through time
Korun said the Ottomans' sherbet began to be forgotten through time. "Almost all housewives in Ottoman times used to prepare canned foods, pickles and sherbet in their house, but today, since women are involved in social and business life, this tradition is disappearing," he said.
He said it was consumed both in winter and summer during Ottoman times since it had a significant place in social life. "People used to benefit from natural methods to avoid diseases in the past. But in Ottoman times, people used to drink sherbet to protect themselves from diseases. Of course, the medicine sector was not developed that much and there were not too many types of diseases. This is why sherbet was the most important medicine," Korun said.
Cranberry, quince, black mulberry and wild strawberry sherbets are particularly good for tonsil problems and cold, he said.


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Eclipsing binaries observed with the WIRE satellite*
II. β Aurigae and non-linear limb darkening in light curves
Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK e-mail: _EMAIL_
2 School of Physics A28, University of Sydney, 2006 NSW, Australia e-mail: _EMAIL_
3 US Air Force Academy, Department of Physics, CO, USA e-mail: _EMAIL_
Accepted: 13 March 2007
Aims.We present the most precise light curve ever obtained of a detached eclipsing binary star and use it investigate the inclusion of non-linear limb darkening laws in light curve models of eclipsing binaries. This light curve, of the bright eclipsing system β Aurigae, was obtained using the star tracker aboard the wire satellite and contains 30 000 datapoints with a point-to-point scatter of 0.3 mmag.
Methods.We analyse the wire light curve using a version of the ebop code modified to include non-linear limb darkening laws and to directly incorporate observed times of minimum light and spectroscopic light ratios into the photometric solution as individual observations. We also analyse the dataset with the Wilson-Devinney code to ensure that the two models give consistent results.
Results.ebop is able to provide an excellent fit to the high-precision wire data. Whilst the fractional radii of the stars are only defined to a precision of 5% by this light curve, including an accurate published spectroscopic light ratio improves this dramatically to 0.5%. Using non-linear limb darkening improves the quality of the fit significantly compared to the linear law and causes the measured radii to increase by 0.4%. It is possible to derive all of the limb darkening coefficients from the light curve, although they are strongly correlated with each other. The fitted coefficients agree with theoretical predictions to within their fairly large error estimates. We were able to obtain a reasonably good fit to the data using the Wilson-Devinney code, but only using the highest available integration accuracy and by iterating for a long time. Bolometric albedos of 0.6 were found, which are appropriate to convective rather than radiative envelopes.
Conclusions.The radii and masses of the components of β are RA = 2.762±0.017, RB = 2.568±0.017, MA = 2.376±0.027 and MB = 2.291±0.027, where A and B denote the primary and secondary star, respectively. Theoretical stellar evolutionary models can match these parameters for a solar metal abundance and an age of 450-500 Myr. The Hipparcos trigonometric parallax and an interferometrically-derived orbital parallax give distances to β which are in excellent agreement with each other and with distances derived using surface brightness relations and several sets of empirical and theoretical bolometric corrections.
Key words: stars: fundamental parameters / stars: binaries: eclipsing / stars: binaries: spectroscopic / stars: distances / stars: evolution / stars: individual: β Aurigae
© ESO, 2007


Question behaviours
From MoodleDocs
Revision as of 15:51, 5 February 2016 by German Valero (talk | contribs) (Added see also *[ this forum thread] about adding an 'all or nothing' behaviour for adaptive and deferred feedback)
How questions behave
The following question behaviours are available when creating a quiz (also when previewing questions):
Deferred feedback
Students must enter an answer to each question and then submit the entire quiz, before anything is graded or they get any feedback.
Adaptive mode and Adaptive mode (no penalties)
Allows students to have multiple attempts at the question before moving on to the next question. This behaviour requires that the "Whether correct" box is ticked under "During the attempt" in the "Review options" section, at a minimum.
Manual grading
Used for essay questions (irrespective of what the quiz is set to) but you can now choose to have every question in the quiz manually graded, if you wish.
Interactive mode
After submitting one answer, and reading the feedback, the student has to click a 'Try again' button before they can try a new response. They can be given hints to help them. Once the student has got the question right, they can no longer change their response. Once the student has got the question wrong too many times, they are just graded wrong (or partially correct) and get shown the feedback and can no longer change their answer. There can be different feedback after each try the student makes. The number of tries the student gets is the number of hints in the question definition plus one.
Immediate feedback
Similar to interactive mode in that the student can submit their response immediately during the quiz attempt, and get it graded. However, they can only submit one response, they cannot change it later.
Deferred feedback or Immediate feedback with Certainty-based marking (CBM)
With CBM, the student does not only answer the question, but they also indicate how sure they are they got the question right. The grading is adjusted by the choice of certainty, so that students have to reflect honestly on their own level of knowledge in order to get the best mark.
Conditional questions
If using the Interactive with multiple tries or Immediate Feedback behaviour and with the navigation method set to 'Free', it is possible to make the display of a question dependent on a previous question being answered first.
The question editing page will display padlock icons to the right of each question.
Certainty-based marking
When a student answers a question they also have to state how sure they are of the answer: not very (less than 67%); fairly (more than 67%) or very (more than 80%). Their grading is then adjusted according to how certain they are, which means that for example if they answered correctly but were only guessing, their mark is adjusted from 1 to 0.33. If they answered wrongly but were very sure, their mark is adjusted from 0 to -2.
For detailed information on how CBM works and how students can benefit from it, see Using certainty-based marking.
correct answer; very sure
correct answer; fairly sure
correct answer; not very sure
wrong answer; very sure
wrong answer; not very sure
Managing question behaviours
An administrator can manage question behaviours available across the site in Administration > Site administration > Plugins > Question behaviours > Manage question behaviours.
Deferred feedback with explanation
Deferred feedback with explanation is an additional question behaviour, available for Moodle 2.6+, that is just like deferred feedback, but with an additional input box where students can give a reason why they gave the answer they did. No attempt is made to automatically grade the explanation, nor is it required.
 - It may be used in various ways, for example:
 - The teacher may want to manually edit the grades where the student gave a wrong answer, to give partial credit if the student used the right method or approach.
 - The student might want to explain their thinking, so that later, when the results and feedback are revealed, they are reminded of what they were thinking at the time, and so can reflect more deeply.
 - You can use Language customization to change the default text string "Explain your reasons" in the file qbehaviour_deferredfeedbackexplain.php to a more specific text such as "Enter justifications below if you want partial credit in numerical problems by showing your steps, ignore otherwise." as described in
See also


Women prefer dominant-looking men and are more likely to have extramarital affairs around the time of ovulation, research has shown. Now, a University of Liverpool study suggests that men sense this. Men whose partners were in their most fertile monthly phases rated images of classic masculine faces—stronger jawlines, thinner lips, smaller eyes—as more dominant than did men whose partners were not ovulating or were on the Pill (which suppresses ovulation). Researcher Robert P. Burriss says that evolution has primed men to be jealous of rivals when the risk is greatest—a helpful defense, since chronic jealousy could "endanger their relationships."


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Article dans une revue
The Western Mediterranean Islands and the Various Uses of Independentism
Abstract : Since they promote separation from national frameworks, independentist parties are easily labelled as anti-system parties. This contribution shows how a study of party dynamics in three Western Mediterranean island jurisdictions (Sardinia, Balearic Islands, and Corsica) leads to a rather different conceptualisation of their nature and influence. Political parties favouring independence are still likely to influence other political parties and the political system as a whole. They do so mainly by adopting various, often ambiguous, accommodative strategies, which relate to their difficulty in attaining and/or maintaining a significant party status and electoral presence. Above all, the independentist parties' influence is highly variable, especially in relation to their closest rivals, and can only be evaluated by taking into consideration external factors, such as state organisation. Thus, one needs to examine the independentist parties' political interactions and influence on policies, and not just their teleological and ideological positioning.
Type de document :
Article dans une revue
Liste complète des métadonnées
Contributeur : Corinne Idda <>
Soumis le : lundi 3 juin 2013 - 14:29:38
Dernière modification le : jeudi 11 janvier 2018 - 06:23:04
 - HAL Id : hal-00829531, version 1
André Fazi. The Western Mediterranean Islands and the Various Uses of Independentism. Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, Taylor & Francis, 2012, 50 (n° 4), pp. 508-527. ⟨hal-00829531⟩
Consultations de la notice


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Environmental Monitoring in Antarctica
Environmental monitoring is essential in Antarctica to allow assessment of the impacts of human activities. Examples of the this monitoring work carried out by BAS are given below.
Sewage outfall monitoring, Rothera Station
Until 2003, untreated sewage was discharged into the sea from Rothera Station. Monitoring of the receiving water before and after installation of a biological treatment plant showed a dramatic reduction in the sewage plume as indicated by faecal coliforms.
Concentrations of heavy metals in lichens and marine bivalves around Rothera Research Station.
Concentrations of lead, zinc, cadmium and other heavy metals in lichens and marine bivalves are measured. The results are used to assess whether any observed pollution is due to station activities, and to determine the area of contamination.
Skua Population breeding success
The impact of Rothera Research Station on the local South Polar Skua (Stercorarius maccormicki) population has been monitored for over 12 years. The monitoring programme has recently been expanded to include measurements such as chick weight, survival and egg dimensions.