text:
Computational logic: a method for formal analysis of the ICU knowledge base
- William P. Coleman, John H. Siegel, Ivo Giovannini, David P. Sanford, Andrea De Gaetano
- International Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing SCOPUS
- Elsevier in 1993
- Cited Count
- Springer MEDLINE®/PubMed® Crossref
The object of clinical computing is to support the making of clinical decisions. This takes place in an integrated context of care that involves processes of three different kinds: (1) the physiologic processes in the patient, (2) the processes of physiologic data as stored in, and moved within, a distributed computing system, and (3) the therapeutic and decision-making processes of the clinical staff. The clinical computing system is complex, and as we press it further to work as a partner in the complete care context, it tends to become unmanageably so. In this article, we try to suggest how one might begin using a formal mathematical theory, called 'computational logic,' to give theoretical analyses that might help one to understand the computing system and thereby to try to increase its ability to meet demands on it, and might help one to understand the care context as a whole. We examine the three levels, one at a time, looking for structural analogies between them, and trying to identify the ways that they are linked together. Computational logic provides us with a common set of notions for doing so.


text:
J.L. van den Berg
- A feedback fluid queue with two congestion control thresholds
- Mathematical Methods of Operations Research
- Volume | Issue number
- 70 | 1
- Pages (from-to)
- Document type
- Faculty of Science (FNWI)
- Korteweg-de Vries Institute for Mathematics (KdVI)
Feedback fluid queues play an important role in modeling congestion control mechanisms for packet networks. In this paper we present and analyze a fluid queue with a feedback-based traffic rate adaptation scheme which uses two thresholds. The higher threshold B 1 is used to signal the beginning of congestion while the lower threshold B 2 signals the end of congestion. These two parameters together allow to make the trade-off between maximizing throughput performance and minimizing delay. The difference between the two thresholds helps to control the amount of feedback signals sent to the traffic source. In our model the input source can behave like either of two Markov fluid processes. The first applies as long as the upper threshold B 1 has not been hit from below. As soon as that happens, the traffic source adapts and switches to the second process, until B 2 (smaller than B 1) is hit from above. We analyze the model by setting up the Kolmogorov forward equations, then solving the corresponding balance equations using a spectral expansion, and finally identifying sufficient constraints to solve for the unknowns in the solution. In particular, our analysis yields expressions for the stationary distribution of the buffer occupancy, the buffer delay distribution, and the throughput.
- go to publisher's site
If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library, or send a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.

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text:
Value Driven Purpose - The Lean Transformation Framework
posted on August 25, 2015
Many organisations and business leaders that practice Lean thinking make the mistake that Lean transformation and business improvement is all about running training sessions and improvement projects / events. If this was the case, we should be seeing many more world class businesses by now that always delivered exactly what the customer wanted when they wanted.
Instead most businesses still face a number of common challenges. Familiar examples include:
- Making time for improvement
- Sustaining improvement
- Patchy activity or pockets of improvement throughout the business
- Management support to improving the business
- Low overall business impact from improvement activity
To address these and a number of other common issues, we've developed a series of workshops around the Lean Transformation Framework (click here for the video).
The first of our 5 sessions explores how organisations can define purpose – and align their organisational improvement efforts to their purpose. A key part of this approach involves understanding the business problem(s) we are trying to solve and defining purpose in two dimensions: Firstly, customer purpose – by asking "What do your customers want that you are not currently able to supply?" And secondly organisational purpose – by asking "What does your organisation need to survive and even to prosper?"
As each company's circumstances are unique we need a situational approach to Lean transformation. However the distinctive feature about Lean is that implementation begins by thinking back from the perspective of value to the customer. Our first session called "Value Driven Purpose" (about the roof of the house in John Shook's Lean Transformation Framework) helps us to identify and address the real gaps within our purpose, capability, performance and our ability to manage change.
This aspect is key as the effectiveness of your Lean transformation approach is critical as it impacts: speed of change, achieving our goals and objectives, sustaining improvement and developing long term improvement capability.
Further details of the workshop are outlined below.
Workshop Title: Lean Transformation Framework
The workshop is designed for: leaders, managers, supervisor or Lean practitioners wanting to start or enhance their Lean journeys. The public workshop will be run over 5 Days and will be run at our office in Goodrich, Ross-on-Wye.
Dates: 28th September to the 2nd October & 14th to 18th December (early booking is highly recommended)
The purpose of this workshop is:
- To provide a framework for Lean Transformation
- To explore the five areas of the Lean Transformation Framework
- To develop organisational / team purpose
- To define the problem we are trying to solve and how it links to organisational purpose
- To develop personal and team action plans
Topics that will be examined include:
- Developing organizational purpose and defining the Problem
- Steps and activities organizations can take to improve the actual work
- Building organizational capability for Lean
- Understanding the leadership behaviours required to lead and support Lean transformation
- The basic thinking, mind-set and assumptions comprising culture
Through instruction, small group discussions, exercises and video workshop participants will:
- Learn about the key elements of a successful Lean transformation
- Learn how to develop organisational purpose
- Learn how to define the gaps and the business problems that impede Lean Transformation and Developing Capability to Improve the Work
- Discuss and reflect on how to go beyond where they are now – to close the next set of gaps in the organization
Join us in exploring what additional actions you can take to navigate your own Lean Transformation and deliver improved business performance and long-term improvement capability. More details and to register can be found here.


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The diagram below shows the path of the Sun across the sky in Melbourne for four important dates:
The outer circle on the diagram represents the horizon and the inner circles are lines of constant elevation, drawn at 15° intervals. The radial lines are lines of constant azimuth drawn at 15° intervals also.
The position of the Sun at each hour of the day is marked and the time indicated. All times are Australian Eastern Standard Time. Add one hour for daylight savings.
Hi, Fernando. The "Time and Date" website gives information about the length of days for several locations in regional Victoria, including Ballarat. Hope this helps!
Hi there John. As in the Northern Hemisphere the Sun rises in the East and sets in West (due to Earth's rotation from west to east), but its path as seen from the Southern Hemisphere is across the northern sky. You might find this link and this one useful.
Hi Steve - The Sun is at the centre of our Solar System, and all planets revolve about the Sun. The Sun at the centre of our Solar System, is in our galaxy called the Milky Way Galaxy amongst about 400 billion other stars. All the stars that can be seen with the naked eye are in our galaxy. It's important to remember at this point that our sun is not at the centre of the galaxy.
Because we revolve about the Sun, which is very close to us, all the other stars which are much further away, do not appear to move as we move around the Sun. So the constellations, such as The Southern Cross, look the same wherever we are. As the axis of the Earth is tilted, the south pole axis points towards the Southern Cross, so that constellation is always visible in the lower latitudes such as Victoria.
Hope that helps
We love receiving comments, but can't always respond.
Hi there Suradi - thanks for your question. According to the Museum's Planetarium Presenters, these days a Sun Path can be got using any good astronomy program or planetarium software such as Starry Night or Stellarium. Please note, if you would like to use our diagram for anything other than private use then MV copyright acknowledgement would be expected.
The link to this section of the NASA website gives a brief insight to the history of the evolution of the theory of the planets movement around the sun.
Hi Casper, the Sun's path is at its lowest in the sky on the Winter Solstice – 21st June, see here for more information.
Hi John,There are two websites that may help you determine the angle of the sun at your house on a particular date. The Rise and Set Times on the Planetarium website provides a calendar for the visibility of the sun in Melbourne. There is also an online resource about how to make your own Sun Angle Calculator.
Hi Jim, if you were at one of the poles during a summer equinox the Sun continues to make a circle in the sky, but now it would dip below the horizon for a while. It may appear to be an ellipse, but in actual fact it is still a circle. This YouTube clip, _URL_ shows what it would look like a little further away from the pole. This web link may also be helpful.
Try to think of it this way - If you were "on" the Southern Cross and looked towards Earth with a theoretical, highly powerful telescope, then Melbourne would always be visible, because the bottom of the Earth is pointing towards the Southern Cross. As the Earth spins on its axis, Melbourne would appear to rotate around the globe. As go further north from Melbourne, say to Sydney, then as the Earth spins, an observer on the Southern Cross would see Sydney disappear briefly on each rotation. The further you travel north the less time you will be able to see the Southern Cross, until you can never see the Southern Cross.
It is like that the Sun is at the centre of a globe of stars, and the Earth always points to one spot in the sky which is close to the Southern Cross. In reality this is not so, but the concept is true.
I hope this may clarify it a bit more for you.
Hi Mel, the Tropic of Capricorn is technically an infinitesimally thin line, although the uncertainty in the measurement of the Earth's obliquity corresponds to an error in positioning of the Tropic of about 3cm. We can't locate the Tropic any better than this, so this is a kind of width. At the moment the Tropic is at 23°26'16.7" S. But the obliquity of the Earth varies and is decreasing around a half a second of arc per year, so the Tropic is moving slowly northwards at the same rate. This corresponds to something like 13m per year. So depending on what kind a timeframe you want to look at this also puts limits on how precisely you can locate the tropic. Within a decade, for example, we can't locate the Tropic more precisely than a 133m band.
Hi Georgina - Several factors effect sunrise and set times, such as surrounding buildings or mountains, elevation above sea level, etc; however the main reason in this case is because Sydney is much further east than Melbourne, by approximately 700 km.
For advice about seating, you would probably be best to check with MCG staff directly - MCG contact details can be found here.
The only time that the Sun rises due east and sets due west is at the Spring and Autumn Equinoxes, 21st March and 21st September. After the Spring equinox the Sun gradually rises and sets further south until the solstice on 21st December, then starts moving northwards. So for your house to have the Sun shining on the south facing side, it needs to be between these two equinoxes. After the Autumn equinox the Sun rises and sets northwards of east and west, so no Sun on your south wall.
For more information, please see the following link: _URL_
Hi again Steve - The sun is not at any point directly 'between' earth and the Southern Cross. An important point to consider here is that unlike Earth, the Sothern Cross does not revolve around our Sun.
If you look at the diagram at the top of this page, you can see the path of the sun as it appears to us here in Melbourne throughout the year. If we were to factor into this diagram the relatively static position of the Southern Cross, it would be close to the southern horizon. Notice that the southern most path of the sun (in the Summer Solstice) does not intersect with the position of the Southern Cross.
This means the Sun does not obstruct our view of the Southern Cross - so, we are never on 'the other side of the sun' to the Southern Cross. As we've explained previously, the Sothern Cross may not be visible during the day due to brightness of the Sun, but it is still there.
Hello Cool - we ran this past our experts in the Planetarium, and their response is as follows:
In Australia, seasons begin on the first day of a particular calendar month – March for autumn, June for winter, September for spring and December for summer. This is also the convention followed internationally by meteorologists. One idea for Australia following this rule, is that during the early years of Australia's white settlement soldiers would change from their summer to winter uniforms on the first of the month.
Indigenous Australians have a more tactile view of the seasons. They link the seasons to the local conditions and environment, and also to the activities of the birds, plants and animals around them. With such a diverse climate across Australia, it's no surprise that the seasons vary greatly across Indigenous groups. Some regions have five seasons and others only three as the Bureau of Meteorology explains.
In other countries, such as Britain and the USA, the seasons are said to begin on the equinoxes and solstices – Spring Equinox, Summer Solstice, Autumn Equinox and Winter Solstice. These are the times when Earth reaches a particular point along its orbit around the Sun.
I hope this helps
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meters and are very resilient, easily withstanding temperatures below -15°C and lower.
In the Balkans, they are very often eaten raw or made into delicious jams due to their high pectin levels which allow for the fruit sauce to bind well. In Albania, Romania, Bulgaria or Hungary, they are often stored in cellars and baked during winter along with apples, while in Iran they are stewed or added to soups. In more modern cuisines, they are either used in tarts or pies or as a sweet-tart side dish to roast meat. Quinces are also used to make a sort of sweet brandy. All in all, they make a wonderful addition to any diet as they are flavorful, versatile and moderately nutritious. Most important, they can provide relief for a considerable number of mild to severe medical conditions due to their impressive curative properties and medicinal effects.


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Healthcare Quality Professional Certificate
About the course
The healthcare industry is under intense pressure to deliver high-quality care within fiscally responsible budgets. Bryant's Healthcare Quality Process Improvement Certificate is designed to facilitate the transformation of healthcare by learning and applying tools and techniques to improve, measure and manage quality. Our skills-based program focuses on key concepts, language, and analytical tools essential for effective management and decision making. It offers three areas of focus to address the critical deficiencies within the healthcare delivery system model: Quality in Healthcare, Reengineering in Healthcare, Project Management in Healthcare.
Who should attend
- Healthcare professionals or business/practice managers
- Healthcare consultants
- Hospital administrators
- Healthcare process improvement team members
- Create plans to produce positive improvement results
- Identify areas to reduce medical errors
- Discussion of relevant healthcare examples and case studies
Please note that instructors are subject to change and not all instructors teach in each session of the program.


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Thermal and Phase Evolutions of As-Milled Powders Fabricated by Mechanical Alloying in the TiH2-C System
Nano-TiC powders were fabricated for mechanical alloying (MA) by shaker mill using the TiH2 powders mixed carbon powder. For mechanical alloying, titanium hydride was easily breaking alloy and easily decomposed titanium particles and hydrogen gas. The decomposition titanium powders in TiH2 powders were very fine particle size and unstable phase. And it easily reacted to carbon ;(TiH2 + C TiC + H2). The effects of mechanical allyoing, morphology, phase and particle size were evaluated with X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), TG/DTA and particle size analyzer. As-milled powders for 10 hours were successfully synthesized powders of TiC phase, mean particle 300nm size. And as-milled powder for 1 hour was included unstable phase, was annealed for 1 hour at 400°C-1300°C in 1x10-3torr vacuum atmosphere. Unstable phase was changed to recrystallize phase by heat treatment. After heat treatment for 1hour using as-milled powders, it was included many types of titanium oxide at temperature below 1000°C, was formed single phase of TiC at temperature over 1000°C.
Hyung Sun Kim, Yu Bao Li and Soo Wohn Lee
S. Y. Bae et al., "Thermal and Phase Evolutions of As-Milled Powders Fabricated by Mechanical Alloying in the TiH2-C System", Materials Science Forum, Vols. 510-511, pp. 366-369, 2006


Take the 2-minute tour ×
A column of troops one km long is moving along a straight road at a uniform pace. A messenger is sent from the head of the column, delivers a message at the rear of the column and returns. He also moves at a uniform pace and arrives back at the head of the column when it has just covered its own length. How far did the messenger travel?
I can't get any ideas on how to start.
Thanks for any help.
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How far did the messenger travel means the distance traveled or the displacement? If its displacement then the answer should be 1km. – Saurabh Jul 3 '12 at 6:10
It means distance. – Matt Jul 3 '12 at 6:12
You just need to organise the information carefully and use distance = speed x time. Write down what you know about the movement of the column - say speed $u$ and the messenger say speed $v$ taking total time $t$. Split the movement of the messenger into two obvious parts. Then identify the total distance $d$ you want to find, and use the information you have to find an equation for $d$. – Mark Bennet Jul 3 '12 at 6:19
A trivial answer to the question would be $1$km, the length of the column. After all, the messenger starts out at the head of the column, and ends up again at the end of the column, at the point in time when it has covered its own length, and she then has advanced as much as the column has. This is probably not what the question intends, but it could be made clearer. – Marc van Leeuwen Jul 3 '12 at 6:50
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3 Answers
up vote 7 down vote accepted
Let us assume that the speed of the column is $1$ km per unit of time. For convenience, call that unit an hour. The column took $1$ hour to cover its own length.
Let $v$ be the speed of the messenger. When she is travelling to the back, the combined speed of approach of the messenger and the column rear is $v+1$, so the time it takes is $\frac{1}{v+1}$. Going the other way, the speed at which the messenger gains on the head is $v-1$, so the time it takes to gain the whole $1$ km is $\frac{1}{v-1}$. The whole task took $1$ hour, and therefore $$\frac{1}{v+1}+\frac{1}{v-1}=1.$$ This gives $v=1+\sqrt{2}$. The time taken is an hour, so the distance travelled is $1+\sqrt{2}$.
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Let the speed of troop is $u$ kmph and that of messenger is $v$ kmph.
So the relative speed when messenger is going backward is $v+u$ kmph.
And relative speed while going forward is $v-u$ kmph $(v>u)$.
So the total time taken is $$t=\frac{1}{v+u}+\frac{1}{v-u}$$ but in this time troop had moved $1$km so the $t=\frac{1}{u}$
$$\frac{1}{u}=\frac{1}{v+u}+\frac{1}{v-u}$$ $$v^2-2uv-u^2=0$$ which give us the following relation $$v=u(1+\sqrt2)$$
so the distance traveled is $$\begin{align*} d= &\underbrace{\frac{v}{v+u}}_{backward}+\underbrace{\frac{v}{v-u}}_{forward}\\ &=\frac{2v^2}{v^2-u^2}\\ &=\frac{2v^2}{2uv}\\ &=\frac{v}{u}=1+\sqrt{2}\text{ km}\end{align*}$$
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Mostly ok, but why did you give the answer using units of speed? Mind you, I've never seen it abbreviated "kmph". At least locally "km/h" is the only way to write it. This is different from, e.g. U.S.A., where "mph" is always used. I guess there are local variations :-) – Jyrki Lahtonen Jul 3 '12 at 7:27
_USER_ Oh that was a mistake.I have corrected it.Thanks – Saurabh Jul 3 '12 at 7:32
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Let $x$ be the troops' speed and $y$ be the messenger's speed.
Total messenger travelling time is $1/x$ (as the troops moved 1km forward).
In the troops frame of reference, the messenger first moved backwards with the speed of $y+x$, and then moved forward with the speed of $y-x$ so that in the $1/x$ total time he returned to the initial position.
Let $z$ be the time messenger spent to reach the rear of the column. Obviously, $z = 1/(y+x)$ (as messenger moves with the speed of $y+x$ relative to the column and has to travel $1$ km relative to the column to reach its rear).
From the other side, we have $z \times (y+x) + (1/x - z) \times (y-x) = 0$, from which follows $2zx + y/x - 1 = 2/(y/x+1) + y/x - 1 = 0$.
Note that the total messenger travelling distance is $d = y/x$. From the previous equation we get $2/(d+1) + d - 1 = 0$, $d^2-3 = 0$, and thus $d = \sqrt{3}$.
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text:
Webinar: How to Leverage Digital Technologies in Your HazLoc
As more companies explore deploying digital technologies in their hazardous locations to advance plant safety, increase efficiency, and improve productivity, they find that it takes more than just picking the right equipment.
In this webinar, our Aegex digital mobilization expert explores the 5 things you need to support digital computing in hazardous environments:
- Selecting the right equipment
- Identifying the right hazardous area applications for your workforce needs
- Understanding your workforce demographics
- Aligning IT and OT priorities
- Developing an implementation plan
This webinar is for professionals in purchasing, IT, OT, Safety, and plant operations in energy, utilities, mining, construction, oil and gas, chemical, pharma or aviation, who are exploring how to safely mobilize the workers in their hazardous areas.


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When applying a constraint to HibernateGridDataSource which reduces the number of rows an java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException is thrown because getAvailableRows() does not take into account the number of rows with the additional criteria applied.
Lets say we have a table named foo with 10 entries in it and we extend the datagrid like so:
// for simplicity this would only return only 1 record in the table
protected void applyAdditionalConstraints(Criteria criteria)
criteria.add( Property.forName("id").equals(new Integer(1) );
so we end up with getAvilableRows() returning a value of 10 and the results of prepare() retrieving only 1 row.


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carnage /kάɚnɪdʒ/ : 大量虐殺
原義はラテン語のcarnaticum (動物を屠ること)です。同義語はmassacre, genocide, mass murderです。
Carnage means "killing many people during war". The etymology comes from carnem (meat). The original meaning is Latin carnaticum (slaughter of animals). Its synonyms are massacre, genocide and mass murder. Let's see examples of carnage.
In the Middle Ages, Europeans carried out carnage to Native Americans and Indigenous Australians. During WW2, Nazis carried out carnage to Jewish people.
carnal /kάɚnl/ : 肉体の
Carnal means "relating to one's body". The etymology comes from carnis (of the meat). The original meaning is Latin carnalis (natural). Its synonym is sensual. Let's see example sentences of carnal.
All human has carnal desire for species preservation (or conservation). Female's plump body excite male's carnal desire. It is unwise to live only for carnal pleasure.
carnation /kɑɚnéɪʃən/ : カーネーション
Carnation means "a red flower". The etymology comes from caro (meat). The original meaning is Latin carnationem (meat).
Carnation is the perennial plant which makes bright red flowers. It is indigenous to from Southern Europe to Mediterranean coasts in Western Asia. In Islamic countries where the worship of idols are banned, they use a carnation as Arabesque's patterns. The red carnation's flower language is "the love for mother", and so Japan has the culture where children gives red carnation to their mother in Mother's Day.
carnival /kάɚnəv(ə)l/ : 謝肉祭・カーニバル
carnivalは「謝肉祭」を意味し、語源はcaro(肉)とlavare(離れる)に由来します。原義はラテン語のcarne vale (肉よ、さらば！)です。
Carnival means "a kind of festival". The etymology comes from caro (meat) and lavera (to leave). The original meaning is Latin carne vale (meat, farewell!).
Carnival is a festival hold before Lent (click here for more detail of Lent). During Lent, people should have an abstemious diet, so they eat meat as they like in Carnival. Carnival literally means festival to "say farewell to meat". During carnival, people have a fancy dress parade or events of throwing sweets and flowers. After carnival, Lent begins, and people have a simple meal until the Easter after 40 days.
carnivore /kάɚnəv'ɔɚ/ : 肉食動物
Carnivore means "animals which feed on other animals". The etymology comes from caro (meat) and vorare (devour).
Carnivore is an animal that feed on other animals. Carnivorous animals eat meat and organs, which is easily digested, and so their digestive organs have more simpler structure than those of herbivorous animals. Carnivores eat animals similar to themselves, so they can take enough nourishment and salt.
However, carnivores have difficulty with getting their foods. Animals preyed by carnivores are always running away, so they have to maintain an ability to catch them. Otherwise, carnivores will starve to death.
incarnation /ìnkɑɚnéɪʃən/ : 受肉
Incarnation means "the act of God forming into a human". The etymology comes from in (within) and caro (meat). The original meaning is Latin incarnationem (the act of being made flesh).
Incarnation is the act of God coming in the form of human. Especially in Christianity, incarnation means that the God's child, Christ appear as human named Jesus.
reincarnation /rìːìnkɑɚnéɪʃən/ : 転生・輪廻
Reincarnation means "living again after one's death". The etymology comes from re (again) and incarnation (forming into flesh).
Reincarnation means to living things died live again after their death. The idea of reincarnation exist not only in Buddhism, but also in Hindu and Jainism. Buddhism regard reincarnation as suffering, and their goal is to be liberated from it.
In recent Japan, reincarnation is used in fantasy novels. Reincarnation to another world is the popular genre in a certain novel-sharing website. It is common story that uncool NEET or shut-in people are suddenly hit by a truck, reincarnate into cool and competent guy, and get popular with many young women.


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How do I use Person Code to limit access to a survey?
You can a limit who is able to respond to a survey by setting a person code within a survey. Person code is simply set by setting the variable p= on the URL of a survey. So an example survey URL might be like
You substitute you own value for [p_value], so the actual link might look something like this.
The actual value you use after the p= does not matter. You can use the p code to match survey responses to customer ids in other systems.
SurveyTown treats the "p" variable in a couple special ways.
- SurveyTown will store the value automatically with the survey response.
- If you check to limit taking of surveys by person code, SurveyTown will look to see if there is a response with that personcode already attached to that survey it will block the respondent from taking the survey again.
In sum, by adding a p= variable onto the end of your survey URLs you can match your survey responses to customers and limit the ability for customers to take a survey more than one time.


Question: How Much Does Plastering Walls Cost?
How much does it cost to plaster a wall?
Plastering walls costs between $2 and $10 per square foot.
If you have high walls, you can expect to pay an additional $0.40 to $2 per square foot for scaffolding..
How do I calculate plastering costs?
Subtotal material cost = cement cost + sand cost = 28 + 25 = INR 53. step 4 :- labour rate and charges:- labour rate and cost for internal wall plastering is INR 15 to 18 per sq ft or INR 161 to 193 per sq m, consider labour rate and cost in this calculation is INR 180 per sq meter. Total cost = 233 + 35 = INR 268.
How much do plasterers charge UK?
On average, a plastering project in the UK will cost between £150 – £500. The total plastering cost will vary depending on the size of your room. Remember that any additional items, such as the need for scaffolding, can add on to the cost.
What's the difference between plastering and skimming?
Skimming is the name provided to a plastering method where a wall is plastered with a layer of thin coat. It is usually applied to an existing plaster to smooth the surface area. … Another difference between skim and plaster is that plaster surface areas are constantly rough whereas a skimmed surface area is smooth.
How much does it cost to plaster a brick wall?
The cost of plastering typically costs between $2-$10 per square foot, so you can expect to pay a renderer anywhere from $500 to $20,000 depending on the size and complexity of the job.
How long does it take to do a plastering course?
around two yearsAn intermediate plastering apprenticeship takes around two years to complete. If your employer can provide you with the right experiences you can progress onto a Level 3 qualification.
Is it easy to plaster over Artex?
Is plaster more expensive than drywall?
Because it is hand applied by skilled artisans, it is a higher quality, more expensive material. When building a new house, real plaster walls are more expensive than drywall.
How much do plasterers charge per day UK?
How much do plasterers charge per hour? Plasterers don't only charge per job or per day. They also charge by the hour as well. A typical hourly rate, depending on whereabouts you are in the country but can be from £8 to £19 per hour, with a median of about £12 per hour.
How much do plasterers charge per hour?
In New South Wales plasterers charge $48 per hour and in South Australia and Western Australia, they charge $50 per hour, so they will be closer to the $20 per square metre rate.
Can I plaster a wall myself?
Anyone can plaster a wall (really, anyone), but you need to follow a formula. You can't just pick up a trowel and start throwing plaster on the walls. … Knowing what plastering tools and general DIY tools to use. Correctly preparing your walls for plastering (failing to do this can cause chaos)
How much does a plasterer charge per day?
Replastering Walls Repairing or re-skimming over existing plaster to correct blemishes in plaster. For a small room, prices range between £380 and £500. For medium rooms, you can expect to pay from £420 and £550 respectively. Average duration is between 1 and 2 days depending on the size of the room.


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Scientists believe in an evolutionary reason behind cuteness. Cute babies are healthy babies and cute babies get more attention from mom. Let's say someone has a set of fraternal twins; whoever has the most symmetrical face, the biggest eyes, and the nicest smile is going to get more attention. Same with animals. Endangered species that are considered cute have a better chance of surviving than more homely species simply because more people will care (Leonard 2007).
In order to understand why cats are so cute, it's important to explain what makes a baby anything so appealing in the first place.
In terms of evolution, there are certain subtle characteristics about a person that indicate just how healthy it is. It's not that there's some checklist or anything, it's simply that the bigger a human baby's eyes or the smaller it's mouth, the more healthy it is (healthy meaning fewer genetic mutations). Symmetry is also a big factor; it plays a role in not just how we react to babies, but how we find mates attractive, as well.
Large and symmetrical heads, big eyes, and a small mouth and nose make babies very appealing to us. These traits also apply to cats - and to the extreme. Proportionate to size their bodies, cats have the biggest eyes of any land mammal. Include soft fur and you excessive cuteness stuffed into a small, purry package. The cuter something is, the more we want it in our homes and on our laps.
And you know what? They know it's our weakness and they use it against us. A kitten could go into a store and demand that you put all the tuna into the duffel bag and nobody gets hurt and you'd be all like "Okie-dokie, but only if you let me rub your little tummy-wummy first!"
Cats don't just manipulate us in appearance, though. Oh, no - cats have learned to work us into a puddle of obedient mush with meowing and purring. A study by behavioral ecologist Karen McComb found that, as with babies, humans can distinguish between the different kinds of purrs from a cat. We know the difference between a hungry/whining (pleading) purr and one of content (Peeples 2009). To persuade us to fulfill their desires, cats can also employ a high-frequency meow that is incredibly similar to the cry of a human baby.
Have you fallen victim to feline adorability?


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Let $f, \hat{f}, g,$ and $\hat{g}$ be continuous probability densities. Define probability densities $p \propto fg$ and $\hat{p} \propto \hat{f}\hat{g}$. Is it true that \begin{align*} ||p - \hat{p}||_{1} \le || f - \hat{f}|| _{1} + ||g - \hat{g}||_1 \end{align*}
share|improve this question
Why would this inequality imply something of interest, if true? In short, what are your motivations for asking this? – Did Oct 29 '11 at 7:13
1 Answer 1
up vote 1 down vote accepted
Here is a real counterexample, as verified by mathematica: so we take the same discrete two point space as below, and let $f=(u_1,u_2), \hat{f} = (v_1,v_2), g = (a_1,a_2), \hat{g}=(b_1,b_2)$, with the relation that $x_1 + x_2 = 1$ where $x \in \{u,v,a,b\}$. So your claim becomes in this special case
$$ |\frac{u_1 a_1}{u_1 p_1 + u_2 a_2} - \frac{v_1 b_1}{v_1 b_1 + v_2 b_2}| + | \frac{u_2 a_2}{u_1 a_1 + u_2 a_2} - \frac{v_2 b_2}{v_1 b_1 + v_2 b_2}|$$ $$\le |u_1 - v_1| + |u_2 - v_2| + |a_1 - b_1| + |a_2 - b_2|$$
Now using the relation that if $x + y = 1$ and $w + z = 1$, then $|x - w| + |y - z| = 2 |x -w|$, we can simplify the above inequality to
$$ |\frac{u_1 a_1}{u_1 a_1 + u_2 a_2} - \frac{v_1 b_1}{v_1 b_1 + v_2 b_2}| \le |u_1 - v_1| + |a_1 - b_1| $$.
What I then did is to subtract the square of the right hand side from the square of the left hand side, and call the resulting function $h(u,v,a,b)$, where $x := x_1$ for $x \in \{u,v,a,b\}$. Then I did some brute force search of maximum and found the following point:
$$u=v =0.456239, a = 1/5, b = 1/2$$ If you plug it in to $h$ you should get $0.000652285 > 0$. So that means the left hand side is not always $\le$ the right hand side. Here are the mathematica code so that you can help me verify:
q[u1_, u2_, a1_, a2_, v1_, v2_, b1_, b2_] := (u1 a1/(u1 a1 + u2 a2) - v1 b1/(v1 b1 + v2 b2))^2 - ( (u1 - v1)^2 + (a1 - b1)^2 + 2 Abs[(u1 - v1) (a1 - b1)]);
h[u_, v_, a_, b_] := q[u, 1 - u, a, 1 - a, v, 1 - v, b, 1 - b];
h[0.456239, 0.456239, 2/3, 2/5]
= 0.000652285
Edit: below was my earlier false counterexample.
I believe it's false. Here is an argument. It suffices to consider discrete probability space, say the two point space $\Omega = \{ 0,1 \} $. Now let $f =(u_1,1-u_1)$ be the probability mass function, so that means $f(0) = u_1$ and $f(1) = 1-u_1$. and similarly $\hat{f} = (u_2,1-u_2)$. Also I will let $g = \hat{g} = (p, 1-p)$. Then $\|g - \hat{g}\|_1 = 0$, so your inequality amounts to
$ |\frac{p u_1}{p u_1 + (1-p)(1-u_1)} - \frac{p u_2}{pu_2 + (1-p)(1-u_2)}| \le |u_1 - u_2|$.
Now take $u_1 = 2/3$ and $u_2 = 1/3$, and let $ 1-p >> p$. Then you get a contradiction.
share|improve this answer
I don't think this counter example is true. The left hand side should be |P_1 - \hat{P}_1| + |P_2 - \hat{P}_2|, (P \propto fg not to confuse with your p) currently you are only considering the term |P_1 - \hat{P}_1|. Also the left hand side is 2|u_1 - u_2|. Moreover, when g is highly biased (p \to 0 in your example) then the right hand side of my inequality (||P - \hat{P}||_1) goes to zero so it's true. – Nima Oct 29 '11 at 3:42
Thanks for the counter example. I appreciate it. Do you think some inequality like that might be true perhaps with some prefactor? I want to somehow bound the tv distance of the product of some probability densities in terms of the individual tv distances – Nima Oct 29 '11 at 5:57
That's a good question. I have no intuitions whatsoever, just pure luck. Can you state the original problem you are trying to solve? My first impression was that the inequality does not scale appropriately on the two sides, which led to my disbelief. – John Jiang Oct 29 '11 at 6:01
I was trying to prove convergence of a low-complexity variant of belief propagation algorithm which we call it stochastic belief propagation. Belief propagation has various applications in signal and image processing, computer vision, etc. This statement or something like that would be helpful. Thanks anyway – Nima Oct 29 '11 at 21:14
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Use the Yearbook Suite curriculum the way you want
Written by Evan Blackwell, CJE
Walsworth's Yearbook Suite curriculum is a powerful resource that yearbook advisers are using to engage their students with collaborative learning activities. Now is the perfect time to learn how to use the Suite in your classroom.
The Yearbook Suite covers it all in 11 units, from Theme and Design to Writing and Photojournalism. There are student workbooks for each unit, as well an all-encompassing Adviser Edition.
In the Yearbook Suite section here at walsworthyearbooks.com, you get all of the following:
- Detailed descriptions of every unit
- "Look Inside" links that provide a sneak preview of each unit
- An easy-to-use form that allows you to place online orders


I am in the process of finalizing an academic research paper and I am struggling to identify the correct hyphenation for the title:
Option 1: Adaptive Chirplet Transform-Based Machine Learning for P300 Brainwave Classification
Option 2: Adaptive Chirplet Transform Based Machine Learning for P300 Brainwave Classification
I have attempted to ascertain the correct or acceptable version of the title based on other academic papers that have a similar phrasing, but it seems as though both are commonly used.
Is one more correct than the other? For reference, I am at a Canadian University submitting to a conference hosted in Malaysia run by an international professional association (the IEEE).
'Machine learning' is modified by a two-word adjective. An adjective consisting of two or more words is called a compound adjective, and the individual components have to be joined with a hyphen.
'Transform-based' i.e. option #1 is the correct choice.
 - … except that it's actually a four-word adjective (see my answer). – Wrzlprmft Sep 3 '20 at 6:26
First of all, just so we are on the same page, you are doing machine learning that is based on a chirplet transformation, which is adaptive, right? I am asking this because for spelling (and understanding your actual writing) it is crucial to see which parts of your construct actually specify which other parts. Another way to see this is to bracket everything as much as possible. I here understand the correct bracketing to be:
{[Adaptive (Chirplet Transform)] Based} Machine Learning
So, the chirplet transform is adaptive, the entire thing describes based which in turn describes machine learning. Now, a simple rule of thumb is this: If any bracket closes before the end of the subject or object, everything within that bracket has to be hyphenated – unless it's an adverb ending on ly or a proper name. Here, the curly braces close before Machine Learning, and thus everything inside has to be hyphenated:
Adaptive-Chirplet-Transform-Based Machine Learning
That is of course very difficult to read (and not just because of the hyphens), so I suggest to change it to:
P300 Brainwave Classification with Machine Learning based on the Adaptive Chirplet Transform
Your Answer


Month Day
July 31
Hurricane sinks Spanish treasure ships
From 1701, Spain sent fleets of ships to the Western Hemisphere to bring back natural resources, including gold and silver. These groups of ships were heavily fortified against pirates, but there was little that could be done to protect them from bad weather.
On July 24, 10 Spanish ships and one French ship left Havana, Cuba, on their way to Europe, carrying tons of gold and silver coins, about 14 million pesos worth. The Spanish ships stayed very close to the Florida coast, as was the custom, while the French ship, the Grifon, ventured further out from the shore. A week later, as the ships were between Cape Canaveral and Fort Pierce, in modern-day Florida, the winds picked up dramatically.
The hurricane advanced quickly and, one by one, the ships were wrecked. The Nuestra Senora de la Regla sank, sending 200 people and 120 tons of coins to a watery grave. The Santa Cristo de San Ramon went down with 120 sailors aboard. In all, somewhere between 700 and 1,000 people lost their lives in the wrecks. Meanwhile, the Grifon was able to ride out the storm; most of its crew survived.
In the following months, Spanish officials in Havana sent ships to salvage the treasure. About 80 percent had been recovered by April 1716, but the rest remained lost until the 1960s.
READ MORE: 6 Famous Shipwrecks Still Waiting to be Discovered
Ranger 7 photographs moon
Ignatius of Loyola, founder of the Jesuit order, dies
Labor leader Jimmy Hoffa is reported missing
Marquis de Lafayette becomes a major-general without pay
Third Battle of Ypres begins in Flanders
Preparations for the Final Solution begin


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Star Party 3-22-19
March 22, 2019 @ 7:00 pm
Talk topic: Supernova! Ever wonder where the iron in our blood came from? From the Earth, of course. But where did the Earth get it? The surprising answer is that all the elements heavier than helium were formed in stars. Iron was formed in the core of a massive star and was spread into space when that star exploded in a supernova. What about the carbon in our tissues, the calcium and other minerals our bodies need? Those came from stars, too. The oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere? Yup, from stars. Why do stars explode? In this talk we'll explore these questions and many more.
This is an interactive talk, with activities for participants.
March 22, 2019
7:00 pm
Event Category:
White Memorial Conservation Center
80 Whitehall Rd
Litchfield, CT 06759 United States
Litchfield Hills Amateur Astronomy Club


text:
Cut out a circle about the size of a paper plate from a sheet of brown construction paper.
Write a very common word on the brown paper that your students may overuse, such as good, nice, said, run, etc.
Help your students brainstorm synonyms for the chosen word and write their ideas on yellow Post-it® Super Sticky Notes. Then, tape the brown circle to the wall or the side of your desk and post your student's ideas around the brown circle.
You have created a Synonym Sunflower!


text:
Forest Communicators' Network
The UNECE/FAO Forest Communicators' Network (FCN) is mandated by the UNECE Timber Committee on Forests and the Forest Industry and the FAO European Forestry Commission (EFC) with the overall objective to improve the ability of the forest and forest products sector to communicate effectively, within and outside the sector, through:
1. Providing a forum for international interaction and cooperation in forest related communications;
2. Strengthening the ability of the Committee, the Commission and the Working Party on Forest Statistics, Economics and Management to reach out to relevant constituencies, within and outside the forest sector, including through cooperation with other Teams of Specialists;
3. Developing the professionalism of forest communicators by introducing and encouraging state of the art and innovative communication approaches, strengthening networking and supporting capacities in the region.
Participation in the FCN is open to all sharing the concern about its common objectives and tasks.


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Join the Montana State Reading Council to promote lifelong literacy. Your membership provides you with valuable literacy opportunities, which include:
- Annual MSRC Literacy Conference – featuring exceptional education speakers from across the nation, and outstanding presentations from some of the finest Montana educators.
- Literacy Voices – Online source for sharing informational articles written by educators.
- Awards, Grants and Scholarship - several opportunities offered to members.
- Local Councils – enriching communities across the state.
- Treasure State Books – providing nominated books for small schools.
To join or renew your MSRC membership: by mail - download membership form; online - click here to join or renew your membership online.


B. Nassersharif
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Current interest in the application of nuclear reactor driven power systems to space missions has generated a need for an accurate systems model which is capable of handling the nonlinear transient simulation of such systems [1],[2]. A project to develop a code specifically designed to model and analyze space reactor systems is currently ongoing at Texas(More)
Real-time access to large scientific and heterogeneous environmental data has prompted the need for the development of tools allowing efficient data storage, data compression, interactive data browsing, data manipulation, data visualization, searching, and downloading. In this paper we discuss some of the implementation requirements involved in the design(More)
CATALISP (Computer Aided Transient Analysis coded in Lisp) is a prototype expert system which is the result of a project investigating and implementing event confidence-levels (used by reactor safety experts in reactor transient analysis) in the form of an expert system. Currently, CATALISP is designed to diagnose reactor transients by analyzing simulated(More)
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On the Number of Latin Squares
McKay, Brendan; Wanless, Ian
We (1) determine the number of Latin rectangles with 11 columns and each possible number of rows, including the Latin squares of order 11, (2) answer some questions of Alter by showing that the number of reduced Latin squares of order n is divisible by f! where f is a particular integer close to 1/2n, (3) provide a formula for the number of Latin squares in terms of permanents of (+1, -1)-matrices, (4) find the extremal values for the number of 1-factorisations of k-regular bipartite graphs on...[Show more]
CollectionsANU Research Publications
Date published: 2005
Type: Journal article
Source: Annals of Combinatorics
DOI: 10.1007/s00026-_PHONE_-7
File Description SizeFormat Image
01_McKay_On_the_Number_of_Latin__2005.pdf138.74 kBAdobe PDF Request a copy


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6. The angle of elevation of the sun, when the length of the shadow of a tree √3 times the height of the tree, is:
7. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a certain point is 30°. If the observed moves 20 m towards the tower, the angle of elevation the angle of elevation of top of the tower increases by 15°. The height of the tower is
8. On the same side of tower, two objects are located. Observed from the top of the tower, their angles of depression are 45° and 60°. If the height of the tower is 150 m, the distance between the objects is-
9. The angle of depression of a point situated at a distance of 70m from the base of a tower is 60°. The height of the tower is-
10. A man on the top of a vertical observation tower observes a car moving at a uniform speed coming directly towards it. If it takes 12 minutes for the angle of depression to change from 30° to 45°, how soon after this will the car reach the observation tower?
Read More Section(Height and Distance)
Each Section contains maximum 70 questions. To get more questions visit other sections.


How to Build Dog Steps?
To build a set of dog steps take two boards and cut them zig zagged 3 times making sure they are the same size. now take flat boards and nail it onto the top of each zig zag making the stair.
1 Additional Answer Answer for: how to build dog steps
How to Build Dog Steps
As your canine companion ages, you may notice that he has difficulty getting up onto taller surfaces such as couches and beds. Elderly pets and small breeds are often unable to reach their favorite sitting spots and need to be lifted up, which can injure... More »
Difficulty: Moderate
Q&A Related to "How to Build Dog Steps?"
1. Lay your foam out on a flat surface and measure out three sections that will make up your steps. The largest section of foam should measure 6 inches tall by 18 inches long by 12
There are many ways to build steps. You can either use stone of wood. It is best to level the area out before placing steps, this will help keep the steps level.
1. Measure the height of the deck from the ground. This will give you the general idea of the height of the riser of the box step. Although the standard vertical distance of a rise
1. Clear the area where you are going to place the precast concrete steps with the shovel. You want to clear an area that is slightly larger and wider then the base of the steps and
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How to draw a dog step by step starts with drawing the body. Then draw the shapes of the ears nose and feet. After that begin to add details and connect the parts...
To build a really good one is an extensive task. There are pages online that will give you a list of hardware, parts and step by step instructions....
To build a computer step by step, consult a manual or guide. Gather your tools, at least a Phillips-head screwdriver. Purchase your components: a motherboard and...


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Combined Influence of Landscape Composition and Nutrient Inputs on Lake Trophic Structure
Kreakie, B., Bryan Milstead, AND Jeff Hollister. Combined Influence of Landscape Composition and Nutrient Inputs on Lake Trophic Structure. Presented at U.S. Regional Association of the International Association for Landscape Ecology (US-IALE), Anchorage, AK, May 18 - 22, 2014.
The concentration of chlorophyll a is a measure of the biological productivity of a lake and is largely (but not exclusively) determined by available nutrients. As nutrient inputs increase, productivity increases and lakes transition from low trophic state (e.g. oligotrophic) to higher trophic states (e.g. eutrophic). These broad trophic state classifications are good predictors of ecosystem health and the potential for ecosystem services/disservices (e.g. recreation, aesthetics, fisheries, and harmful algal blooms). Thus, a common goal of lake managers is to control the factors that drive chlorophyll a and trophic state. Typically, nutrient levels alone have been used to model chlorophyll a and trophic state; however, the surrounding landscape structure may also impact chlorophyll a concentration and could be used to improve predictions. In this presentation, we discuss preliminary results comparing the improvement in prediction of trophic state (based on chlorophyll a) with models of nutrients alone, and models of nutrients plus landscape composition. We use random forest modeling to determine the out of bag (OOB) error for both sets of variables. The random forest models also provide a comparison of the additional error accounted for by each variable. Our preliminary results suggest that nutrients alone have an OOB error rate of 42.0%. Adding landscape variables improve that to 36.1%. Of the landscape variables percent agriculture, percent developed, and percent forest explained the most additional variation. These results suggest that predictive models of lake trophic state may be improved with additional information on the landscape surrounding lakes.
This abstract is summarizing work to be presented at the US-IALE conference in Anchorage, AK. The research explores how landscape predictor variables when used with water quality variables improve predictions of lake trophic status.
Record Details:Record Type: DOCUMENT (PRESENTATION/SLIDE)
Organization:U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
NATIONAL HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS RESEARCH LAB
ATLANTIC ECOLOGY DIVISION
POPULATION ECOLOGY BRANCH


text:
|European Social Classes
An unknown poet in the medieval times described the three social classes of European society of his time in this way: "One toils, one prays, and one defends." Let us examine these social classes, their lives and what part they played in building their Europe.
The common place peasants were referred to as toilers, because they held the base positions of workers (farmers, welders, herders, barbers). Their lives consisted of ever changing working assignments that were dictated by season and need by superior officials (clergy or political). Their homes were of simple design made of wood frames, which were stuffed with straw and rubber then plastered over with clay. The roof was simply thatched together. Homes of the poorer had but one room, while others consisted of two, one for eating and activities and one for sleeping. Their food was adequate if resources permitted, grown from their own backyard and meat was only consumed on special o...


QC Deo Textile (50ml)
Deodorises your clothes and shoes safely and for a long time. The first 'prewash' that prevents odours, even at a low temperature.
Deodorises your clothes and shoes safely and for a long time. Sweat obtains an odour after bacteria (Corine bacteria) turn fatty acids (sweat) into volatile fatty acids. The amount of bacteria determines the strength of the sweat odour given off by the clothing.
Bacteria are killed at a temperature of around 80°C. Delicate clothing is washed at a temperature lower than 30°C, however. This means that the bacteria are not killed. After drying, these bacteria will remain present but inactive in our clothing. The next time the clothing comes into contact with a body and the moisture and temperature rise, the bacteria become active again. This explains why you might start to notice an odour with one blouse quicker than another.
QC Deo Textile contains zinc and silver ions. These eliminate bacteria that cause the typical sweat odour and keep your clothes fresh and odour free for a long time.
Use: can be used as pre-wash: allow QC Deo Textile to soak in for 30-45 minutes before washing the clothing. Deo Textile can also be used during the day, to freshen up clothing (and shoes). To do this, mist QC Deo Textile over the area you want to deodorise.
The main components and their effect
 - Zinc and silver ions: keep odours under control.
Artikel QC-100.12 Categorie Tags,,,,,


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How to Use Volume in Your Piano Playing
5 of 7 in Series: The Essentials of Bringing Expression to Your Piano Playing
Volume is perhaps the most easily recognized and executed technique in bringing your piano playing to life. Varying degrees of volume give your piano music a different dynamic. And that's exactly what volume levels are called in music: dynamics.
As with TVs, car stereos, and crying babies, the world of volume has a wide range: from very soft to very loud. Composers are quick to realize this and tell performers exactly where to play in the volume spectrum. Of course, to make things a bit fancier, all dynamics in music are Italian words.
Starting with basic volume changes
When you talk about volume, you say something is loud or soft. From there you can explain how loud or how soft. Music uses the same principle: You start with two little Italian words, piano (soft) and forte (loud), to describe the volume of notes. Abbreviations for these words are now the norm. You see soft and loud marked simply as p and f, written in fancy, stylized fonts.
When you see a dynamic marking, whatever the requested volume may be, you continue to play at this volume level until you see a new dynamic marking.
Widening the range
If soft and loud were the only volume levels available, home stereos would just have two volume buttons, not a turning knob. But, in real life, you have a variety of volume levels. Rather than keep track of some more highly descriptive but multi-syllable Italian words, you need only remember one abbreviation for the in-between volumes: m, which stands for mezzo (medium). Place this word before piano or forte, and you get two more shades of volume.
For extreme volumes like "very soft" and "insanely loud," just throw a few more p's or f's together. The more you have, the more you play. That is, pp means "very soft" (no jokes, please). The written word isn't piano-piano, however. Instead, you use the Italian suffix -issimo, loosely translated as "very," and you end up with pianissimo. The symbol ff would be "very loud," or fortissimo.
The whole range of volume abbreviations is shown here:
Making gradual shifts in volume
Two dynamic symbols that you encounter quite often are those that tell you to gradually play louder — a crescendo (cresc.) — or to gradually play softer — a diminuendo (dim.). Thinking of the symbols as bird beaks can help you remember which is which: A bird gets louder as it opens its beak; softer as it closes its beak:
You can also think of crescendo and diminuendo as the opposite of the math symbols: The arrow points to the softer, smaller sound.
Whether they appear as words, abbreviations, or symbols, these instructions are almost always preceded and followed by dynamic markings that tell you to play from volume A gradually to volume B. Maybe the composer wants you to gradually go from very soft (pp) to very loud (ff), or perhaps the music indicates a subtle change from mezzo piano (mp) to mezzo forte (mf). Whatever the case, it's up to you to decide exactly how to play these volume changes.


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DBSync's "Sage 100 & PocketAdvantag Bidirectional Integration" is easy to use solution template which integrates data both ways between the Sage 100 & PocketAdvantage app. The template is also useful in migrating historical Sage 100 data into PA and can also be used to do a periodic swipe of historical accounting data into PA. This template provides Bi-directional the flexibility for more complex and dynamic mapping capability.
One of the most important prerequisite prerequisites of Sage 100 and PocketAdvantage system is to setup set up the ODBC data source connection on the server where Sage 100 is hosted. The below steps explain how to setup set up the ODBC connection so that Sage 100 opens a connection to DBSync.
- Go to Control Panel -> Administrative services of the server on which the Sage 100 is hosted.
- Select the service ODBC data source 32-bit/64-bit based on server configuration. This will open a pop up as shown in the image below.
- Choose the Tab user DSN and click on the Add button. This will open a pop up with various drivers.
- Choose MySQLODBC5.3 unicode Unicode driver. This will pop open a window to enter connection properties.
- In the MySQL connection window, enter the following Parameters Data Source Name: dbsyncqueue, TCP/IP server: dbsync-queue.cvglyvvn64dx.us-east-1.rds.amazonaws.com, user:dbsync, Password:, DatabaseDatabase: Sage.
The steps below show how to import the job file script provided by DBSync - it is mandatory for the integration to work.
- Login to Sage 100 with valid credentials.
- On the left navigation, select a visual integrator. This will provide a list of options.
- Choose the "Job Import" option from the available values.
- Choose the file provided by DBSync. The file can be downloaded by clicking on the following link.
- From the file dialog box, choose the file. It will show the list of all the jobs that are required for DBSync to perform the integration.
- Select all. And then, click on the Accept button as shown in the following screen shotscreenshot.
- Login to Sage 100 with valid user credentials.
- Search for the Task Scheduler from the search. It will return the search results.
- Clicking on the search result name of Task Scheduler will open a popup - as shown in the image below.
- Key in the desired job name. Moving the cursor to next text box will auto-populate the company code, Sage 100 user logon login, and server user logon.
- The user will have to key in the Sage 100 Account Password and Server Password. Then, s/he will have to choose the type to "Visual Integrator ".
- Set the schedule job intervals by choosing the appropriate options.
- Choose the tab "Tasks".
- Select the V/I Job Type to to Export, in case of reading data from Sage 100. Or, choose Import in case of writing to Sage 100. Then, choose the V/I Job Name as appropriate.
- Click on Accept to save the job.
A question may arise - what happens to the Sage data after it being is read from the Sage 100 application? How does DBSync process the data and write to the PocketAdvantage? Below steps explain how Sage Data is being processed to the PocketAdvantage.
- The Scheduled jobs within the Sage 100 application, helps to read from Sage and processes to DBSync.
- The DBSync holds the Sage data in a queue - i.e. a buffer - before applying the required transformations and writing to the PocketAdvantage.
- The workflows - with the naming convention "Merge" within the DBSync - will help DBSync to sort any duplicate records that are processed into the DBSync's buffer.
- DBSync internally uses a chaining technique for the merging process. The technic enables DBSync to identify unique records and separate duplicate records from the unique ones.
- Then, another workflows workflow will process the data from DBSync buffer to PocketAdvantage.
DBSync Integration of Sage & PocketAdvantage can be triggered by:
- Clicking on the Run-now button from the process listing page of DBSync.
- Using DBSync Scheduler.
Clicking on Run-Now Buttons From DBSync platform
The user can login log in to DBSync with his/her valid credentials and click on the Run-now button from the process listing page or from the workflow listing page. The order of execution, of the process, must follow the following path:
- Scheduler available in DBSync Account can be used to schedule the integration. For further details on the scheduler, please click on the following link _URL_
PockeAdvantage Configuration steps link: PocketAdvantage Connector (How to do the connector configuration in DBSync Platform)
Sage 100 Configuration steps link: Sage 100 Connector (How to do the connector configuration in DBSync Platform)


Bad or Badly: Instead of Feeling Badly, Just Feel Bad
Bad is an adjective that is used with linking verbs (verbs of being, such as be, become, seem, feel, taste, look, smell).
 - Don't feel bad about slamming my hand in the car door; it happens all the time.
 - I feel bad about dropping you off in the middle of the highway, but I'm running really late.
 - He looks bad; it must be the flu.
 - This soup tastes bad; it reminds me of my grandmother's cooking.
Badly is an adverb, and it describes how you do something (or, as some would say, it modifies a verb–as long as it isn't a linking verb). She sings badly means that you cover your ears whenever she breaks into her operatic rendition of I Will Survive. He swings the bat badly could mean that he swings it so erratically that he has to yell heads up! every time he steps up to the plate.
To feel badly means that your sense of touch is, as the phrase goes, out of whack. This tastes badly means that the food you're talking about is actually what's doing the tasting, and it's somehow doing it in a bad way. Talk about bad taste!
Paul's book–Literally, the Best Language Book Ever;
Sherry's Grammar List


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3D Facet Joint Kinematics In-vivo and Spinal Degeneration and Its Correlation to the Lower Back Pain
2013-10-31T00:00:00Z (GMT) by
The facet joints play a major role in lumbar segmental motion that is susceptible to morphological changes, eventually leading to segmental instability. Recent advancements in medical imaging enabled the development of innovative methods to study in-vivo three-dimensional kinematics and morphology of the facet joint. The aim of this study was to describe facet motion in-vivo using image-based methods. This study demonstrates coupled motion for the facets during axial torsion. Eigenvector analysis allowed identification of each vertebra's principal orientation. This reference datum determined a local coordinate system for the individual facet joint surfaces. This work contributes to the field with high-accuracy in vivo baseline data.


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This Vowel and Consonant Mail worksheet also includes:
Clarify the difference between a consonant and a vowel with an activity inspired by mail. Learners help out a confused mail carrier by categorizing and alphabetizing words by writing them on the corresponding mailboxes. One mailbox is labeled double consonants and the other double vowels. An answer key is included.


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- SEE ALSO
Mac::Apps::Anarchie - Interface to Anarchie 2.01+
use Mac::Apps::Anarchie; $ftp = new Mac::Apps::Anarchie; _TAG_ description for the rest
This is a MacPerl interface to the popular MacOS shareware FTP/archie client, Anarchie. For more info, see the Anarchie documentation.
Also required is the Mac::Apps::Launch module, which requires MacPerl 5.1.4r4.
NOTE: for some explanations of methods, drop Anarchie on Script Editor, and check the Anarchie docs.
Before using, you must autosplit the module. See version notes for 1.4 below.
$ftp->open(ALIAS); $ftp->quit; $ftp->showabout; $ftp->close; $ftp->closeall; $ftp->undo; $ftp->cut; $ftp->copyclip; $ftp->paste; $ftp->clear; $ftp->selectall;
NOTE: * denotes compatability with Fetch. Fetch does not use the variables SOCKS, FIRE, BINARY, or TYPE. Fetch implements some of these methods differently than Anarchie. To use Fetch instead of Anarchie for these methods, call the method:
There are two forms of each of the following methods: "method" and "methodURL". The methodURL version takes the user name, password, host and path in the URL instead of separately. URLs are usually in the form:
See Anarchie docs for more info on URLs.
Also, the host, username, password, proxy firewall and socks firewall can be preset and then omitted during the method call. This saves a lot of code writing if you are going to make multiple calls to the same host. If a method explicitly names any of those strings, it overrides presets. If username and password are not specified anywhere, FTP is done anonymously.
$ftp->host(HOST); $ftp->user(USER); $ftp->pass(PASS); $ftp->fire(FIRE); $ftp->socks(SOCKS);
If you don't want MacPerl to wait for Anarchie to finish what it is doing, then call this with the value 0. You can change it back to 1 if you do want it to wait. The initial setting is 1.
- fetch *
$ftp->fetch(FILENAME [, PATH, BINARY, TYPE, HOST, USER, PASS, FIRE, SOCKS]); $ftp->fetchURL(FILENAME [, URL, BINARY, TYPE, FIRE, SOCKS]);
Fetches file and saves to FILENAME on local drive. BINARY is boolean for whether file is binary or ascii. TYPE is the creator code to link file to. NOTE: for Fetch, FILENAME must be an existing directory name, NOT a filename. For Anarchie, FILENAME must be a file if the fetched item is a file or a directory if the fetched item is a directory. Anarchie will create FILENAME on the local drive if it does not exist.
- store *
$ftp->store(FILENAME [, PATH, BINARY, HOST, USER, PASS, FIRE, SOCKS]); $ftp->storeURL(FILENAME [, URL, BINARY, FIRE, SOCKS]);
Stores file FIELNAME from local drive to remote location specified.
- rename *
$ftp->rename(NEWNAME [, PATH, HOST, USER, PASS, FIRE, SOCKS]); $ftp->renameURL(NEWNAME [, URL, FIRE, SOCKS]);
Renames file NEWNAME to value in PATH or URL.
- remove *
$ftp->remove([PATH, HOST, USER, PASS, FIRE, SOCKS]); $ftp->removeURL([URL, FIRE, SOCKS]);
Removes file/directory specified in PATH or URL.
- mkdir *
$ftp->mkdir([PATH, HOST, USER, PASS, FIRE, SOCKS]); $ftp->mkdirURL([URL, FIRE, SOCKS]);
Make directory specified in PATH or URL.
- sendcommand *
$ftp->sendcommand([PATH, HOST, USER, PASS, FIRE, SOCKS]); $ftp->sendcommandURL([URL, FIRE, SOCKS]);
Send raw FTP command.
- index *
$ftp->index([PATH, HOST, USER, PASS, FIRE, SOCKS]); $ftp->indexURL([URL, FIRE, SOCKS]);
Display index listing. SITE INDEX command must be implemented on host.
- list *
$ftp->list(FILENAME, [PATH, HOST, USER, PASS, FIRE, SOCKS]); $ftp->listURL(FILENAME, [URL, FIRE, SOCKS]);
List files in a directory, put into file FILENAME. Fetch apparently only lists to the screen, while Anarchie lists to a file. For Fetch, just put any old text in place of FILENAME and it should work just fine.
$ftp->nlist(FILENAME, [PATH, HOST, USER, PASS, FIRE, SOCKS]); $ftp->nlistURL(FILENAME, [URL, FIRE, SOCKS]);
List names of files in a directory, put into file FILENAME.
Anarchie Suite, Part Deux
NOTE: These methods are NOT supported at all by Fetch.
$ftp->find(FILENAME [, SERVER, MAX, CASE, REGEX, URL]);
Find file containing text FILENAME in Archie SERVER with maximum matches MAX. CASE is boolean (0 or 1) for case sensitive. REGEX is 0, 1 or 2 for denoting that FILENAME is a substring, pattern, or regular expression.
Find Mac file containing text FILENAME on Ambrosia's Mac server.
$ftp->showtranscript; $ftp->showarchie; $ftp->showget; $ftp->updateserverlist; $ftp->showlog; $ftp->showmacsearch; $ftp->showtips;
$ftp->geturl(URL [, FILENAME]);
- v.1.4, January 3, 1998
Basic cleanup. Requires MacPerl 5.1.4r4 or better now.
- v.1.4, November 3, 1997
Pulled out main functions as autosplit/autoload files. Before using, you must run a script such as the following, in order to AutoSplit the routines:
#!perl -w use AutoSplit; $dir = 'HD:MacPerl:site_perl'; autosplit("$dir:Mac:Apps:Anarchie.pm","$dir:auto",0,1,1);
This also means that the
Mac::Apps::Anarchieclass is no longer aliased to simply
- v.1.3, October 15, 1997
waitreplymethod. Fixed error catching. Erorrs still are not descriptive, but now they are reported. :-)
- v.1.2, October 13, 1997
Get app launching from Mac::Apps::Launch, fixed descriptor disposing.
- v.1.1 May 4, 1997
Whoops, fixed something I broke in the AEPutParamDesc stuff.
- v.1.0 May 4, 1997
Finally got around to cleaning it up. Only minor changes.
- v.0.2 March 20, 1997
First 'public' beta.
- regex find
Still having problems with the substring/pattern/regex option on "find". I am not sure what the problem is.
- Anarchie Home Page
Chris Nandor _URL_
Copyright (c) 1998 Chris Nandor. All rights reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. Please see the Perl Artistic License.
Version 1.50 (03 January 1998)
2 POD Errors
The following errors were encountered while parsing the POD:
- Around line 495:
You forgot a '=back' before '=head2'
- Around line 499:
'=item' outside of any '=over'


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Israel's biotechnology industry is relatively new and an offspring of its American counterpart. Its creation in the late 1960s resulted from the establishment in Israel of subsidiaries of foreign pharmaceutical companies. The first of these was a subsidiary formed by Miles Laboratories with the Weizmann Institute of Technology, called Miles-Yeda. This was followed by the Hebrew University-Weizmann Institute subsidiary, Ames-Yissum. Over time, these firms became wholly Israeli-owned entities. Gradually, foreign venture capitalists began to initiate other independent biotechnology entities in Israel. As of the early 1980s, Israeli venture capitalists had begun creating their own science-based entities.
Many economists call biotechnology a "natural" Israeli industry. Its primary input has been data from research and university laboratories. The only other major ingredient has been American capital to support research and development activity. The main areas of research in the mid-1980s included genetic engineering, human and animal diagnostics, agricultural biofertilization, and aquatic biotechnology.
|Country Studies main page | Israel Country Studies main page | Celebrity|


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The Canadian Genetic Heart Rhythm Network: Innovative Strategies to Reduce the Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death using Novel Clinical and Population Approaches
The goal of the Canadian Genetic Heart Rhythm (CGHR) Network is to harness the expertise available across Canada to develop a strategy that will prevent deaths from Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD). It is a unique opportunity to connect patients and their family members, health policy decision-makers, collaborators from medical industry, and health care providers to work together to help reverse the tide of the ravaging effects of SCD.
The overall goal of the program is to engage those known to be at risk, identify new patients that are at risk, understand their values and preferences, and develop detection and prevention strategies.
Phase one of the project, is detection of at-risk individuals with unrecognized inherited channelopathies, hypertrophic and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy in the community through an active program to screen and identify disease in family members with these disorders. Individuals who test positive will undergo a standardized assessment that includes novel risk marker analysis coupled with lifestyle and medical/surgical intervention assesment. With consent, email-delivered patient questionnaires will be used to expand family pedigrees and obtain disease-related data for risk factor analysis. Phase two of the project will include monitoring of high risk individuals identified in phase one using an implanted cardiac monitor to identify asymptomatic non-sustained arrhythmias or symptom-related rhythms.
IMPACT: The impact of sudden cardiac death is second only to all cancers in terms of life-years lost. Among the causes of SCD, cardiac channelopathies and hereditary cardiomyopathies are the predominant causes of SCD in young adults and children, and this contributes disproportionately to life-years lost. Although these conditions are individually rare or uncommon, when taken together it is estimated that 1 in 300 individuals are at risk.
Dr. Andrew Krahn
University of British Columbia
Dr. Robert Hamilton
University of Toronto


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The Exo Terra Repti Glo 10.0 is a UV Strip Light for reptiles that features a very high UVB output, similar to the desert environment your bearded dragon or other desert reptile is used to, so it's perfect for reptiles like bearded dragons.
Deserts get more direct sunlight than any other reptile habitat because of fewer clouds, less air humidity and no shade - so desert reptiles are more exposed to UV and have evolved to use it, becoming an essential factor for their health and wellbeing.
The UVB light emitted by this Exo Terra Repti Glo 10% UV is used by your reptile to synthesise vitamin D3 to turn dietary calcium into strong bones.
For an even higher light output we recommend combining a Repti Glo 2.0.
- Ideal for all desert dwelling reptiles.
- Ultra High UVB output.
- Effective up to 50 cm (20").
- Provides necessary UVB rays for optimal calcium metabolism.
- Recommended for use with screened terrariums. Terrariums with dense screen covers (screens can filter out UVB rays).


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What Are Counts Per Minute in Radioactivity?
When you get a Geiger counter and are learning how to use it, you'll need to know about CPM, which is the counts per minute that you'll see displayed on the analog meter in addition to the corresponding level of radiation. You might sometimes see counts per second, or CPS, instead, or you can easily convert from CPM to CPS if you'd like by dividing your CPM value by 60. So what is the CPM reading all about?
How Does CPM Work?
The counts per minute measurements are generally used to pick up the number of particles around, which could include alpha or beta particles. A different level of measurement tends to be used for rays, including gamma rays and X-rays.
Instead of showing how much radiation something is giving off, the CPM radiation levels tell how many detection events the meter picks up. So the CPM amount doesn't show you the amount or strength of the radiation. The device that you're using to measure radiation can then also tell you the dose rate, although the conversion from CPM to dose rate will vary based on your specific device and some other factors, such as the kind of radiation. A Geiger meter uses energy compensation to create a reading of the dose.
While the measuring rate is "counts per minute," the device often takes a sample from less time than the full minute and then determines what the total would be for the minute based on that sample.
What Does the CPM Value Mean?
Once you get your CPM reading from your device, you then need to figure out what that reading means. What are normal radiation levels CPM and what are dangerous ones? If you have your Geiger counter calibrated to Cs137, which most are, 1 milliRad per hour would equate to 1,200 CPM on your counter. At the same time, 1 microSievert per hour would equate to 120 CPM on the reading. These are more universal units of measurement that can help you better understand your radiation exposure.
A CPM reading of at least 100 is considered a warning level by the Radiation Network, although the length of time you're exposed to the radiation is an important factor. If you're concerned about staying within safe radiation levels, Ken Jorgustin explains on the Modern Survival Blog that it would take 432 days at a CPM of 100 to up your chance of getting cancer to odds of 1 in 1,000. At higher exposure rates, it would take less time. For instance, it would only take four days to increase your rate to those odds if you're exposed to a level of 10,000 CPM.
When you use a Geiger Mueller detector, you'll be able to easily see the counts per minute of radiation in a certain area. This can help you understand more about your environment and your exposure.


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Nttheng means to divine; ma, with, of; yonggo is a Mendi word referring to the apparatus; le is the article [ Sherbro]. The pieces are thrown on the ground, and certain ones selected and arranged in lines of differing lengths and directions; from these the ttheng no [ diviner] foretells good or ill fortune.
Museum Expedition to Sierra Leone, _PHONE_; Henry Usher Hall
Current & Past Exhibitions:
African Gallery ( Aug 1995)
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Posted in Health Libido and sex
How to have sex several times a day! Having a second erection after an orgasm
How to have sex several times a day! Having a second erection after an orgasm Posted on 10 October 2018Leave a comment
Many men feel frustrated at not being able to satisfy their partner because of the difference in the time it takes a man to enjoy and that of a woman. Often, to make a woman enjoy, men end up with their fingers or leave their partner to fend for themselves. Yet all men would like to assure and say that they are able to have a new erection and put the cover back.
If men are unable to have a second erection after cumming, it is because of the refractory period. It is this phenomenon that happens just after having enjoyed. Man produces hormones of well-being and satisfaction, which prevent him from being aroused again and to get a boner directly. All this is also a question of testosterone. We tell you everything!
How long does it take to get a new erection?
Unfortunately, answering this question is difficult because you know it better than us. It depends on everyone, and age. As the refractory period depends on your hormones and your testosterone, this period of time increases with age, since hormonal imbalance occurs with age. A 50-year-old man produces testosterone less quickly than a 20-year-old man.
For example, in a young man of 20 years, the refractory period is 2 to 15 minutes, while for a man of 40, he must wait 1 to 2 hours before having an erection again after doing the love. And when you're 70 years old, you have to wait 24 hours before having sex again. That's why mechanically, without viagra, without any help, a man of 70 years without erection problems makes maximum love 7 times a week.
What is the refractory period?
The refractory period in physiology is the moment immediately preceding the activity of a nerve or a muscle. After intense activity, the muscle ignores any stimulation, then after a while, we start a second phase, which is the recovery phase during which the muscle regains sensitivity but is still weak.
For sex, it's pretty much the same thing. Except that the mechanism is different. The refractory period refers to the length of time between two periods of sexual activity. Put another way and simply, it's the time it takes for your penis to get hard again.
Is it impossible to get hard again after an orgasm?
Knowing why we lose our erection after sex is the same as asking ourselves what causes this refractory period. The main causes are two hormones: prolactin and oxytocin. Prolactin is a hormone that like testosterone plays a role on the libido. This hormone is produced in quantity when reaching orgasm. Its role is to provide a feeling of well-being and a bliss. We can thank that hormone! Except that our body is so tired, that it kills the effect of arousal that causes testosterone. Oxytocin is a neuropeptide that is a bit like the magic wand that makes you fall in love. It also gives a feeling of confidence, rest, zenitude and love.
We do not say that love is bad and that to be sexually active you must not be in love. Besides, love is not only due to these two hormones, but the high presence of these hormones after orgasm induces the body to feel good. You are no longer looking for something else. Simply, you are not arroused.
How to decrease the refractory period?
The basic answer is very simple: you have to increase your testosterone level. The longer answer is also to have a much healthier lifestyle: quit smoking, drinking, playing sports, eating balance.
 - Testosterone cure
For the testosterone level, fortunately, there are solutions. Just take a course of testosterone supplements. These natural capsules are studied to increase the rate of testosterone, which obviously allows to band faster. This is why a teenager or a young man has a much shorter rest period. This is because it is at its peak of testosterone production. Unfortunately, the testosterone level decreases with age.
produit pour avoir plus de testostérone⇒ We advise you to start a TestRX cure!
It also contains many vitamins such as B6 or vitamin D. But that's not all! You will understand with the following point why it is advisable to buy this product.
 - Cure of vitamins and dietary supplements
Again, for vitamins there is a solution. Zinc is very good for sexual performance, especially to increase sperm production. Some vitamins help maintain muscle shape and tone.
⇒ We told you to buy TestRX because it is twice a solution to the problem of testosterone.
In addition to having all the natural components to increase testosterone, it includes many vitamins and dietary supplements. There is magnesium, zinc, D-aspartic acid, fenugreek, vitamin K2, B6 and D.
 - Improve your lifestyle
For the other points, there is no cure, it's up to you to make an effort. Eating fat is bad for the body and being overweight has destructive effects on sexuality. Eating too much sugar can have inhibitory effects on the excitement. The cigarette is very bad for sexual performance. If you are used to watching porn frequently, reduce the dose a little. Porn has a negative effect on long-term sexual arousal.
Reducing stress is obviously very important. Everyone knows that when you're stressed you can have trouble to have a boner. Try to find a way to reduce stress, relieve tension, think of something else.
Eat products rich in nitric oxide (NO). These are nitrates that are found in a series of foods and that promote the influx of blood. Since the penis is full of blood and erection is possible because of cavernous bodies that are filling with blood, it is wise to find a way to improve the flow of blood. Citrulline, arginine and nitrates promote the production of nitric oxide. The rich foods are watermelon, rhubarb, beets, spinach and celery.
 - Avoid too much tenderness
As we have seen, we already produce enough hormones that make us feel good and soothed. In fact, everything is done so that we look at each other with love and sweetness. Unfortunately, this behavior also indicates to our body that it has had its dose of sex. So to avoid falling into too much romance that would cut the carnal desire for sex, do your best to stay in an atmosphere more sexual than romantic.
For example, do not stay in bed doing cute hugs. Do not get into burning statements. Jump from bed, try to think of things that excite you. See your partner as a fantasy and not as the loving person who makes your heart beat. Yes … it's easier said than done!
Sources: 12
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text:
How to Saw on a Jigsaw
Jigsaw is one of the most common hand-held electric tools. They can process a wide variety of materials: wood, plastic, ceramics, metal, etc. However, the main material that most jigsaw masters work with is plywood.
Using a narrow file, this tool allows you to carry out not only a direct cut, but also perform intricate patterns. And in this article we will consider some tips from specialists working with a jigsaw.
An example of drawings for sawing with a jigsaw.
Features of working with a jigsaw
An electric jigsaw for sawing plywood in appearance is a very simple tool and almost every beginner will be able to make an even cut with it. However, if we talk about beautiful curly patterns, then it is necessary not only to have certain skills, but also to choose the right file.
The main nuances
Carrying out electric sawing from plywood with your own hands, you should know the following:
- The main condition for obtaining an even cut is the correct choice of the file for the tool. In order for the cut to be on the front side without burrs, it is necessary to use a thin file, the teeth of which are directed downward.
- The workpiece needs to be firmly fixed, otherwise a smooth cut will not work
- A few words about the nail files. For jigsaws a large number of saws are produced, which differ from each other, both in thickness and design features.Depending on this, they distinguish:
- Saw or side scam. The teeth are bent to the right and left in turn, as with hand saws. In this way, files with relatively large teeth are made. They are used for quick direct cutting. Propyl is obtained with rough edges, so it should be treated with sandpaper.
- Canvas with undercut. In this case, the teeth do not have a divorce at all. Such files allow you to make very thin and clean cuts. Naturally, the speed of this drops. If such a file has a small divorce, then the work will go slightly faster. However, in this case, the main emphasis is not on speed, but on the quality of the cut.
- Wave-like divorce. In order for very small and narrow files to be able to make wider cuts, the cutting edge of the blade is made wavy. For the most part, such files are used when working with metal, but are often used when working with plywood to produce narrow and clean cuts in a fairly short time.
Types of files.
Sawing patterns with a jigsaw
Like a regular hand jigsaw, this power tool allows you to cut various curly patterns on the material. Most often, sketches are taken by masters from magazines. (see also the article Plywood do-it-yourself rocking chair: drawings to help)
How to Saw on a Jigsaw
Advice!You can use patterns from magazines for embroidery, knitting or paper cutting.
In order to transfer the drawing to plywood, do the following:
- We translate the pattern onto thick paper.
- Using a sharp clerical knife or scalpel, we cut out the stencil.
- We apply the stencil to the surface of the material, circling it with a simple pencil.
- Now you can start cutting out the pattern.
Drawing a picture on a material through a stencil.
In contrast to the implementation of direct cut, sawing from plywood with a jigsaw has its own characteristics.
This instruction will help you understand all the intricacies of the work:
- For cutting along a curve, use a file with a narrow blade.
- To cut a circle in plywood, you need to use a special nozzle. A circular cutter. The cutter is fixed in the center of the circle, after which you can begin to work.
- If you need to choose grooves in a wooden blank, then a rasp can be used instead of a saw. It is also used to strip uneven cuts.
- In order to achieve perfectly accurate and even cuts, use the parallel stop. It must be attached to the jigsaw with screws.On the "ski" can be installed a special guide line, thanks to which the cut is parallel to the straight edge. Before you begin, you must make sure that the ruler is firmly fixed and aligned with the canvas. Otherwise, the movement of the file will be incorrect, and it may break, or "burn" the processed material.
Use of a parallel emphasis.
- If you need to make a straight long cut, you can use the auxiliary guide. In this case, the jigsaw will move along the firmly fixed strap.
- With the help of this tool it is possible to carry out cuts at an angle of up to 45 degrees. The angle of inclination is set on a scale.
The implementation of an inclined cut.
- Sawing a hole. Very often, cutting ornaments, the master needs to make a hole in the plywood.There are two options for this:
- The first option is the simplest. You need to drill a hole with a drill, after which you introduce a file into it and continue to cut out the necessary pattern.
- The second option involves the use of mortise or plunger sawing technology. Do not drill the start hole. To do this, put the tool on the front edge of the "ski", without touching the workpiece with the canvas.
Next, turn on the engine and gradually lower the fork, smoothly introducing the saw into the material until the saw takes a vertical position, and the "ski" does not come into contact with the workpiece.
Advice!Cutting should always start at the waste of the material.The saw should not enter the plywood too close to the cutting line so as not to spoil the material.
- In the event that you need to cut a board of large thickness and the file length is not enough for this. You need to use a file with a pointed end. First, we saw it with a workpiece on one side, then we turn it and saw it on the other.
- To cut a curly part, you can fix the tool from the bottom of the desktop. In the case of a uniform and smooth feeding of the workpiece, you can get a cut with clean, even edges.
In the photo. A tool attached to the bottom of the desktop.
From this article, you learned how to saw plywood with a jigsaw. Here we examined the basic principles of working with this tool, which will help you in the implementation of various construction and design solutions.
Having understood the features of the jigsaw, you will soon realize how simple and convenient the appliance is. And although its price is higher than a conventional jigsaw, you will not regret that you purchased such a tool. (see also the article Cutting with a jigsaw from plywood. Success drawings)
In the presented in this article, you will find additional information on this topic.


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The Riksdag approved new cultural policy objectives in 2009. Culture is to be a dynamic, challenging and independent force based on the freedom of expression. Everyone is to have the opportunity to participate in cultural life. Creativity, diversity and artistic quality are to be integral parts of society's development.
The objective of media policy is to support freedom of expression, diversity, the independence and accessibility of the media, and to counteract harmful elements in the media. Media policy covers radio, TV, daily press and film, among other things.
State support for sport is based on a child rights perspective and aims to support activities that help to develop the interest of children and young people in physical exercise and sport, enable everyone to engage in sport and physical exercise, and to actively combat doping in sport. The "Boost for Sport" initiative amounts to SEK 500 million annually and aims to create new opportunities for Swedish sport to develop its activities on its own terms and under to its own conditions.


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Merge Sort: Conceptual
When merging larger pre-sorted lists, we build the list similarly to how we did with single-element lists.
Let's call the two lists left and right. Bothleft and right are already sorted. We want to combine them (to merge them) into a larger sorted list, let's call it both. To accomplish this we'll need to iterate through both with two indices, left_index and right_index.
At first left_index and right_index both point to the start of their respective lists. left_index points to the smallest element of left (its first element) and right_index points to the smallest element of right.
Compare the elements at left_index and right_index. The smaller of these two elements should be the first element of both because it's the smallest of both! It's the smallest of the two smallest values.
Let's say that smallest value was in left. We continue by incrementing left_index to point to the next-smallest value in left. Then we compare the 2nd smallest value in left against the smallest value of right. Whichever is smaller of these two is now the 2nd smallest value of both.
This process of "look at the two next-smallest elements of each list and add the smaller one to our resulting list" continues on for as long as both lists have elements to compare. Once one list is exhausted, say every element from left has been added to the result, then we know that all the elements of the other list, right, should go at the end of the resulting list (they're larger than every element we've added so far).
Why is it important that we only merge pre-sorted lists?
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Approximate Verification of the Symbolic Dynamics of Markov Chains
A finite state Markov chain M is often viewed as a probabilistic transition system. An alternative view - which we follow here - is to regard M as a linear transform operating on the space of probability distributions over its set of nodes. The novel idea here is to discretize the probability value space [0,1] into a finite set of intervals. A concrete probability distribution over the nodes is then symbolically represented as a tuple D of such intervals. The i-th component of the discretized distribution D will be the interval in which the probability of node i falls. The set of discretized distributions is a finite set and each trajectory, generated by repeated applications of M to an initial distribution, will induce a unique infinite string over this finite set of letters. Hence, given a set of initial distributions, the symbolic dynamics of M will consist of an infinite language L over the finite alphabet of discretized distributions. We investigate whether L meets a specification given as a linear time temporal logic formula whose atomic propositions assert that the current probability of a node falls in an interval. Unfortunately, even for restricted Markov chains (for instance, irreducible and aperiodic chains), we do not know at present if and when L is an (omega)-regular language. To get around this we develop the notion of an epsilon-approximation, based on the transient and long term behaviors of M. Our main results are that, one can effectively check whether (i) for each infinite word in L, at least one of its epsilon-approximations satisfies the specification; (ii) for each infinite word in L all its epsilon-approximations satisfy the specification. These verification results are strong in that they apply to all finite state Markov chains. Further, the study of the symbolic dynamics of Markov chains initiated here is of independent interest and can lead to other applications.