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Skip Navigation LinksNASP Home Publications Communiqué Volume 37, Issue 7 10 Things State Associations Can Do
Advocating for School Psychologists in Response to the APA's Proposed Model Act for State Licensure of Psychologists: 10 Things State Associations Can Do To Help
By Anastasia Kalamaros Skalski
NASP has created a roadmap for state associations to respond to the model act. This roadmap contains extensive information on the model act, checklists for assessing your state's risk for exposure to these proposals, and suggestions for working to combat them. The full roadmap is available at _URL_
Exhibt E in this roadmap details the top 10 essential advocacy activities for state associations. These activities include:
 1. Identify leaders and a clear set of procedures for monitoring and responding to the introduction of potentially harmful state legislation, regulations, or policies. Suggested leaders include: State Association President, NASP Delegate, State GPR/legislative chairperson, SPAN Coordinator, state lobbyist, etc.
 2. Conduct a needs assessment of the advocacy skills and knowledge of leaders and members. Prepare school psychologists as needed so that they clearly understand key advocacy messages and specific strategies that they can personally use in responding to this issue. Consult the NASP GPR Committee as needed in building this capacity.
 3. Conduct a 'risk' assessment of how vulnerable your state is to potential policies or legislation that would remove the right of nondoctoral school psychologists to use the 'psychologist' title and to engage in psychological practice in school settings.
 4. Complete the NASP Advocacy Roadmap for States: Profile of School Psychology Credentialing and Psychologist Licensing (Exhibit D).
 5. Respond to needs assessment, risk assessment, Profile of State Credentialing, and other NASP Advocacy Roadmap for States materials by developing a State Action Plan (Exhibit I). To be most useful, the state plan should have concrete recommendations of specific actions (e.g., advocacy training, developing a legislative alert system, setting up a phone tree for contacting legislators, etc.) to be taken to improve awareness, communication and message development, and advocacy skills.
 6. Set up an ongoing State Action Plan (Exhibit I) monitoring and evaluation system to ensure that all activities are completed on time and all pertinent information is communicated to state school psychology leaders and grassroots advocates.
 7. Establish communication methods with state school psychologists where regular updates are posted, questions answered, and time-sensitive action requests can be made. Suggestions include: website bulletin boards, blogs, brief e-mail announcements, and 'alert systems' that include e-mails, phone calls, or other types of announcements. Appoint specific leaders as responsible for managing all communications.
 8. Identify and reach out to key stakeholders and allies. Inform nonschool psychology colleagues and stakeholders about the model act issue and solicit their support in responding to any potential threatening legislation. Focus on the how disruptive potential legislation could be to services, policies, and procedures. Build coalitions that can be helpful in responding to this crisis while also building collaborative relationships and promoting shared missions regarding advocacy for essential student services.
 9. Prepare information packets or an 'issue kit' that can be accessed easily and quickly. Select key materials and information that succinctly explains the problem and how it can be resolved. Consult the NASP Advocacy Roadmap for States materials for ideas of key materials and resources.
 10. Work with state administrators, psychology licensing boards, state credentialing boards, and other public policy agencies and personnel to work out agreements that articulate why school psychologists are essential to the mission and purpose of schools. Be patient and never give up. Your colleagues and students are counting on you.
Several state associations have made a significant effort to inform their members about the impact that the model act could have on practices within their state and have also developed tools and strategies to help their members respond. Exhibit P in the Advocacy Roadmap provides examples of some of these products.
Anastasia Kalamaros Skalski, PhD, is NASP Director, Public Policy.


Category:Polar Bear Expedition
The Polar Bear Expedition (also known as the Northern Russian Expedition, the American North Russia Expeditionary Force - ANREF or the American Expeditionary Force North Russia - AEFNR) was a contingent of about 5,000 U.S. troops that landed in Arkhangelsk, Russia as part of the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War and fought the Red Army in the surrounding region during the period of September 1918 through July 1919.


Niobella humfrayi Trilobite
Trilobites Order Asaphida, Suborder Asaphina, Superfamily Asaphoidea, Family Asaphidae
Geologic Age: Lower Ordovician
Trilobite is 40 mm long
Table Head Formation, Random Island, Newfoundland, Canada
Remarks: This is a very rare trilobite. So rare, you are unlikely to see a picture of another. The genus Niobella is more commonly seen from the lower Ordovician near Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Also see: Canadian Trilobites
Rare Niobella humfrayi Canadian Asaphida Trilobite
Trilobites Home Trilobites Site Map


marketing professionals Tag
By Mark Rose
Content creation + distribution = PR for lasting impact
Most finance companies by their nature produce steady streams of valuable content – market research, investment analysis, economic forecasts, etc. This is valuable intelligence that advisors, investors and asset managers crave. How do you get it to them? In the old days (5 years ago) you might send a letter or an email. These days finance companies have myriad opportunities through the web to distribute content that precisely targets their audience. The impact is immediate and long-lasting. Content that lives on the web increases in value over time as it is cross-referenced, searched, and accessed by a growing audience. Most of the time, these distribution channels are free. You need to know how to identify them, access them, and track the benefits.
Welcome to the new financial PR
In this equation (content creation + distribution = PR for lasting impact) the first part, content creation is the most difficult. Can you add value to the conversation about the markets, investing, the economy? If so, it's valuable to content that could be of interest to the media and your target audience. Then it becomes a matter of packaging and distributing that valuable content.


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Here's a word or two about Best Practices and SCALE in TurboCAD. If you are an old codger like me, who started on drafting boards with T-squares and triangles, and you still can't forget the acrid chemical smell of the blueprint machine, you were taught to draw to by scaling to fit. Then you carefully noted the scale factor (1:10, 1" = 1', 2cm = 1km etc.) down in the corner of the drawing. You may even have had a special set of rulers that short-cut the mathematical metal gymnastics. So it is completely natural that you would continue scale this way when drawing in CAD. Simply put, DON'T.
SIDEBAR: Along the same line you should be doing ALL of you primary drawing in the Model Space. Paper spaces are for printing; a word on that later.
DRAW TO SCALE, by which I mean full scale 1-to-1, 1:1, 1 = 1. It is true that TurboCAD has a wide range of controls that allow you to scale the drawing (Model) space and apply scale factors to dimensions, and you can always just brute force the issue by going old-school and drawing as I described above. There simply is no reason to do so in the modern world of CAD.
Drawing 1-to-1 has many advantages. It makes drawing faster. It makes it easier for other people to work with the drawing in the future. It reduces the probability of scale errors, and information errors. There are drawing which have come my way, were the drawing space has one scale set, the user has drawn within that space to an additional scale factor, and dimensions are scaled to another factor, and all of this is further compounded by viewports also scaling into paper spaces which also have a non-1-to-1 scale. What a mess. Even the author could not use the drawing a year after creating it.
So why does TurboCAD come with all of these features when I am sitting here telling you not to use them? I can answer that question in two words: Legacy and Compatibility. CAD today is not what CAD has always been, and best practices and standards have evolved over that last few decades. However, it is still necessary to support legacy drawings. By the same token, not all CAD and drawing applications use the same methods of scaling. So TurboCAD contains features which support both.
Today, most of the time, drawings are transferred, viewed, and reviewed electronically and we are not limited by the size of our paper, or printer/plotter. The Model space where we do most of our drawing is effectively infinite. Draw a city, at full scale, or a draw complex nanite at full scale. You aren't likely to run out of room.
Of course, sometimes we have to print, and there we are limited by both printer and paper. However, if you use viewports and scale only via the viewport you reduce the scaling complexity to a single point of failure, easy to identify, easy to fix.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Plant Creation Wizard
The Plant Creation Wizard can be used to create a new plant
using the appearance of the currently selected plant. This is useful for when
you wish to use an existing plant as a starting point for your own
Note: Due to their complexity, you cannot
currently create custom variations of UltraRes Plants®.
To create a custom plant:
Add the plant that you would like to use to your landscape design. For
instructions, see Adding a Plant.
Modify the color and brightness of the plant as needed. Either adjust the Color and Brightness of the plant, or
edit it using the Realtime
Ensure that the plant is selected.
Click Tools and Plant Creation Wizard.
Click the Next button.
Click the Set File Name button, enter the desired Common Name for
the new plant, and then click the Next button.
Enter the desired information for your plant and then click the Next
button. This information is optional, but it is recommended to accurately enter
the Mature age and Mature height as they affect how the plant is
sized when it is added to your landscape design.
Click the Finish button to complete the wizard.
Your new plant will appear in the Custom category of
the plant library.
you wish to import a 3D plant in 3ds or skp format, use the Model Import Wizard.
Variations of 3D plants can also be added using the Model Creation Wizard.
import a picture of a plant, use the Picture
Custom plants are saved to the following directory:
\Users\user\Documents\Realtime Landscaping Plus version\Custom
is your Windows user name, version is the software version number, and
type is "plant" for 3D plant models, and "plant_picture" for 2D plant
Model Import Wizard
Model Creation Wizard


Skip to Main Content
In the Introduction to the previous edition of this textbook, the senior editor, David Sugarbaker, presented an elegant history of the emergence of thoracic surgery. Our field evolved from general surgery in the early 1900s, largely as a response to chest morbidities prevalent at the time, including pulmonary tuberculosis and World War I–related trauma. Over the course of the twentieth century, thoracic surgery experienced a series of dramatic and tumultuous changes that initially threatened but ultimately strengthened the integrity of the discipline. In 1953, the first successful application of extracorporeal circulation in humans began an era of precipitous innovation in chest surgery in the United States, resulting in a paradigm for cardiothoracic training that married cardiac and thoracic surgery. In the 1990s, transformative developments in cardiovascular disease diverted funding in cardiothoracic programs in favor of cardiac training; however, it was not long before this model was recognized as suboptimal for training leaders in thoracic surgery.
Meanwhile, events transpired somewhat differently in Canada, where thoracic surgery emerged as an independent discipline with dedicated training programs and surgical services. Dr. F. Griffith Pearson, a pioneer in lung transplantation and thoracic oncology, was the first chief of the Division of General Thoracic Surgery at Toronto General Hospital. Dr. Pearson is widely regarded as the father of modern thoracic surgery. He mentored countless surgical leaders around the globe and was known for his role in establishing thoracic surgery as an independent discipline in North America. American surgeons with an interest in noncardiac thoracic surgery sought training in Canadian programs and brought their experiences and commitment back to the United States. The first independent division of thoracic surgery in the United States was founded in 1988 at the Brigham and Women's Hospital and was led by David Sugarbaker following his training with Dr. Pearson. It was there, in 1993, that the first training program in the United States with a track dedicated to general thoracic surgery was approved by the Residency Review Committee of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), the body that oversees the accreditation of all residency programs in the United States.
Since the start of the twenty-first century, there has been a vast increase in the number of thoracic surgery training programs, driven by a wave of surgical innovation in our specialty. Technological advances have been rapid in recent years, including improvements in minimally invasive thoracic surgery, endoscopic therapies such as per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), and techniques to facilitate lung transplantation, such as ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP). As a specialty, thoracic surgery is viewed as a leader in minimally invasive surgical technique with the widespread application and advancement of thoracoscopic, robotic, and uniportal approaches. Two decades ago, most surgeons would not have foreseen that more than half of all lobectomies or one-third of all esophagectomies among participants in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons database would be performed via minimally invasive approaches.1,2...
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»Home » Products center» Powder Production Equipment
Plasma Atomization and Chemical Composition Methods Manufacturing Composite Powder Material Equipment
Type: Powder Production Equipment
Input Size: powder, wire or melt
Processed Materials: metals or alloys
Applications: Plasma Atomization Equipment's output powders are mainly acting as raw materials of powder metallurgy products and also can be used for catalyst, painting, pigment, etc.
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1. The plasma, as a technology under ultimate conditions, is an advanced and new technology in the application for the synthesis and production of powdered material, and currently prevails among studies in many countries.
2. Its working principles refer to several steps.
Firstly, injecting solid particles into inert gas plasma and completely evaporate them under the high temperature of the plasma, existing as steam.
Secondly, cooling them fast with gas quenching cooling technology.
Finally, allowing saturated steam to be rapidly condensed, nucleated, grew and formed into superfine powder.
Owning to its cutting-edge technology, the equipment series are commonly applied to the production of superfine/nano-powdered material with highly chemical purity:
1.Metals: Cu, Fe, Al, Mo, W, Ni, Re, Ta, Ti and their alloys;
2.Oxides: Al2O3, MgO, TiO2, ZrO2, SiO2 and so on;
3.Carbides: WC, TiC, B4C, SiC and so on;
4.Nitrides: AiN, TiN, BN, Si3N4 and so on.
Powder production
Quenching Other:
1000kg/batch Other:


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The Orange-Senqu River Basin (ORB) Study provides details of the data, sources, methodology, and maps for 14 water-related indicators across the Orange-Senqu River Basin in Southern Africa. The ORB Study is primarily designed for research organizations for analysis and research purposes.
Prior to the creation of the global Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas, indicators were developed and tested in a number of river basins worldwide. The results of the Orange-Senqu River Basin Study helped inform and shape the global Aqueduct Water Risk Framework. The Orange-Senqu River Basin study contains 14 indicators of water quantity, water variability, water quality, public awareness of water issues, access to water, and ecosystem vulnerability.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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A road out of the marsh
At some point in the early Iron Age (500 BC – 0 AD), a road was laid in the marshlands of Ellemosen at the foot of Tibirke Bakker in North Zealand. The road runs from solid ground across the wetlands of Ramløse River, where two islets reach out to each other. This…
Roadway on 600 hazel stakes
Although the road is ancient, it is not the first to have been built on this site. A more than 4,500-year-old road made of stakes runs alongside and in some places under the Iron Age road. In the Neolithic period, around the time of the construction of the large passage graves, Ellemosen was a shallow fjord connected with the Kattegat sea area. At that time, one of the islets was a small island, and it was to this island that a road was built from more than 600 hazel stakes. The stakes had been sharpened and hammered into the bed of the fjord in three rows. The stakes presumably supported several layers of branches or a row of planks, but if so, there was no evidence of them at the dig in 1943. The road led to a settlement on the island, but this has not yet been excavated.
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Contribute with a story about this place?
Contribute with one or more pictures
Contribute with videos
Contribute with links


Hey Managers and Entrepreneurs, Can You Influence the Knowledge Sharing Processes?
Knowledge Management as a process yields tremendous potential for innovation, growth and increased profits and other KPIs. However, it is far from being simple, and the mixture of skills and expertise that provides benefits to the experience can also cause barriers.
In an organisational ecosystem, where knowledge sharing and active participation are important and the diversity of contributors is often high, these barriers can be substantial.
The environment of an ecosystem raises business and people-related issues that can limit or prevent knowledge sharing among the different groups of participants. In order to bypass these issues, managers and entrepreneurs often ask themselves:
 - How transparent should we be with confidential business information, and with whom can we share it without risk? How can we address privacy issues?
 - How should we work with participants worldwide, where cultural contrasts may influence our interactions?
 - How can we get people to participate more
Manager thinking about improving knowledge sharing
The issues these questions highlight may create barriers to successful knowledge sharing processes if managers and entrepreneurs don't succeed to understand and overcome them.
So what advice can we give?
There are three essential recommendations for managers and entrepreneurs who are looking to overcome both general and unique barriers to effective knowledge sharing in an ecosystem.
When we speak of barriers to collaboration in an ecosystem, we commonly include barriers common to all participants in the ecosystem and barriers unique to specific groups of participants who have their specific roles in the organisation. The specific barriers are influenced by the unique circumstances of your ecosystem, however, we have identified barriers common to all groups:
 - Balancing privacy - is creating silos the best way to handle this?
 - Businessand people-related issues that arise when simple collaboration process is elevated from a collaboration system to a knowledge sharing ecosystem, including a possible lack of transparency that can hinder success.
 - Growth
Balancing privacy
This requires identifying access to information early in the process, separating the ones that may be offered to the members of the ecosystem from the ones that should be kept confidential. Copyrights, patents, designs and potential inventions included.
Sensitive data available to C-level members also come to mind. However, many believe that silos are hindering knowledge sharing. The answer is yes and no. We've written an article about it and you can also read what Dave Snowden, a well-known name in the field of knowledge management says on the topic. At the end, you need to be able to move quickly and make informed business decisions with the help of the ecosystem.
Collaborate successfully with the core community
Collaborating with the core community
Every ecosystem is built around a core community. Appreciate the core community and its informal or formal rules that relate to equality, team structures, leadership, cultural differences, and new member integration. Be fair. Try and recognise the leader, or if there isn't one, assist in developing a leader in the community.
Make sure that you have suitable team structure to assist the knowledge sharing process within and with the help of the core community and assist with integrating new participants into the community. The members of this core community are your champions and they are the ones who drive the process.
Acknowledge the challenges of diversity
Acknowledge the challenges of diversity
Acknowledge the diversity in your organisation. The diversity is beneficial, but it can also introduce knowledge sharing challenges. When we say diversity, we mean different levels of knowledge, expertise, and skills.
The diversity may also rise from cultural barriers as the participants come from different parts of the world. Those barriers relate to objectives, responsibilities, roles and shared values.
It would be a mistake not to engage all participants in an ecosystem so make sure you have clearly defined roles, objectives, responsibilities, and values. Negotiate an appropriate understanding of joint roles and responsibilities in order to yield maximum benefits of your ecosystem.
We know that it's not easy
Successful knowledge sharing process demands a carefully planned approach to all communities in an ecosystem based on informed business decisions and an understanding of the barriers. If entrepreneurs and managers can't identify or understand the collaboration barriers both common and unique to participants in this ecosystem they will have difficulties in overcoming them and harnessing the benefits of an ecosystem.
The only thing they need is software support, so we've created Tallium, and written many resources on our blog to help you do that. We also offer trainings and consultations as we have successfully built an ecosystem ourselves. Contact us for a demo.
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- Built in 1933, Thao Suranari Monument was built in the memory of the Thai Heroine 'Khunying Mo' who is also popularly known as Yo Mo. This grand monument is built over her ashes and has a 1.85 metres high statue holding a sword and facing the city of Bangkok. Every year people offer prayers to this lady known for her valor who was honored the title of Thao Suranari by King Rama III on the success in the battle against Chao Anuwong. The Thao Suranaree Fair is celebrated every year to commemorate her victory and most residents of the city and nearby villagers flock here to seek her blessings.
- © wcities.com 2013


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Why should we focus on human rights in the aftermath of a natural disaster? Governments and the international community are obligated—legally, politically, and morally—to undertake recovery efforts in ways that are consistent with the human rights of those most affected by disaster.
The December 26, 2004, Indian Ocean tsunami took the lives of more than 200,000 children, women, and men. Hundreds of thousands more were injured and millions displaced. Recognized as one of the worst natural disasters in recorded human history, the Indian Ocean tsunami remains a global issue. People in fourteen countries were directly affected as well as thousands of tourists from other parts of Asia, and from the European Union, Australia, the United States, and Canada. Like the 2005 Katrina disaster in our own country, the Indian Ocean tsunami marked a turning point for some in the human rights movement. The world is beginning to recognize that human rights protections must be an integral part of disaster prevention and planning, humanitarian assistance, and rebuilding efforts.
Indian Ocean tsunami, discrimination, right to work, rights of vulnerable groups, displaced persons
Indian Ocean Tsunami (2004), Human rights, Right to health, Right to housing, Right to labor, Refugees
Human Rights Law
Author retains copyright
Lewis, Hope, "Human rights and natural disaster : the Indian Ocean tsunami" (2006). School of Law Faculty Publications. Paper 3. _URL_
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The shrine of knowledge.
Deities & Heros >> Roman
mythical king, latium, deities, hellenic
Fauna and Faunus
Author: Obsidian
Suggested News Resources
San Valentino: la vita del Santo protettore degli innamorati e patrono di Terni
Fauna's celebration was held on the first night of May. It was a hallowed event restricted to women, as the men honoured Fauna's masculine consort, Faunus, instead. More..
Of goats and men
Ancient Roman mythological belief includes a god named Faunus and a goddess named Fauna. Then there's the Greek equivalent of Faunas, Pan. He is connected to fertility and the season of spring, as well as theatrical criticism.
RAZARAJUĆI EFEKTI Stižu oluje, suše i poplave
Ulcinjska Solana u Veneciji


'Worst-case scenario': Blue Mountains blazes threaten to combine into mega-fire
Updated October 22, 2013 15:14:20
There are fears unpredictable weather conditions could cause a mega-fire in the Blue Mountains if a number of existing large blazes join together.
The front of the State Mine fire near Lithgow already extends across hundreds of kilometres, and this morning authorities deliberately join the blaze with the Mount Victoria fire to the south.
Under what they said yesterday was the "worst possible scenario", it could possibly merge with the Linksview Road fire in Springwood, to the south-east, which destroyed almost 200 homes on Thursday.
Dr Owen Price, a senior research fellow at the Centre for Environmental Risk Management of Bushfires at the University of Wollongong, says there is a risk that a combined fire could produce so much energy it could create its own weather conditions.
"You can get these conditions, what you call a pyrocumulus, where a fire is producing so much energy it punches up through the troposphere a huge plume of smoke, essentially creating a thunderstorm with lots and lots of energy in it," he said.
"Then it starts to suck in air from all around, so there's more oxygen and it feeds back on itself so the fire behaviour goes really extreme.
"Unfortunately under those conditions when it's creating its own weather you can get things like tornados occurring.
"If two big fires coalesce together they're sort of pooling their energy together, so you can get feedback that makes them even more intense."
Dr Price says fires that serious can become impossible to fight.
But he also says the Blue Mountains fires could join up without necessarily getting much worse.
"It's not a given that if these two fires will meet that that's what they will do, they could just continue the way they're going. But there's a risk," he said.
Fire crews employ high-risk strategies
Firefighters are now employing what they call "high-risk" back-burning strategies to fight the fires, including back-burning, working with bulldozers and working with hand tools to create fire breaks.
"Imagine lighting up 10 to 15 kilometres of countryside along a very windy road in some of the most steepest, scenically beautiful rugged terrain, against a prevailing, hot, dry wind and expecting it to go away from you. It's a challenge," Commissioner Shane Fitzsimmons said this morning.
Dr Price says much depends on weather conditions over the next few days, which are difficult to predict.
But he says there are two main possibilities.
"One is that it's going to be dry for days and possibly weeks, similar conditions to what we've had over the last several weeks, in which case [the fires] are just going to keep expanding," he said.
"There's a fair chance that tomorrow evening we might get some fairly heavy rain - 20 or 30 millilitres - which might not be enough to extinguish them but certainly to put the brakes on them for a while. Rain is what will eventually put these fires out.
"When we get a really good fall of rain, something in the order of 60 to 100 millimetres, is hard to predict."
Perfect storm of fire conditions
Scientists at the Bushfire Cooperative Research Centre predicted in September that parts of southern Australia could have above normal bushfire activity this season.
Higher-than-average temperatures over the past year mean grasslands and forests have dried out, providing plenty of fuel to burn once fires start.
"We know that bushfires will occur every year," Bushfire CRC chief executive Gary Morgan said in an email.
"When the conditions are right, hot and windy days, with dry vegetation, fires will occur. We all must be vigilant about our local conditions."
In many parts of New South Wales, the high temperatures also mean hazard-reduction burns could not occur at the scale necessary before the fire season began.
Dr Price says recent dry weather and high winds made conditions in the Blue Mountains especially dangerous on Thursday.
"We haven't had any serious rain for two or three months and it's been unusually warm for this time of year," he said.
"Last Thursday, the wind speed was very, very high; 80 kph winds really drive fires and any spark would have set them off."
That combination of high temperatures and winds, he says, is what makes the coming Wednesday so risky.
"Not only do we have the possibility of new fires starting like they did Thursday, but we have all those fires that are already alight, with a 300-kilometre fire front already established," he said.
What turns a spark into a bushfire?
About half of all bushfire ignitions come from lightning, but those deliberately or accidentally lit by humans tend to be closer to populated areas and more likely to damage property and infrastructure.
Sometimes the high winds that contribute to dangerous fires spreading are also responsible for starting them.
The bushfire that started at Linksview Road in Springwood was reportedly sparked after winds knocked over a power line.
"If you get some sort of spark on the ground, if it's sufficiently dry and there's sufficient energy in that spark, it can cause the litter that's lying there, usually grass litter or dead litter, to ignite," Dr Price said.
"That can spread. Some of the factors are to do with the amount of moisture in the dead leaves. If there's low moisture it can spread with a certain intensity. If it's below a certain intensity it will just self-extinguish, but if it's above a certain intensity it will spread.
"With conditions like we had on Thursday, short-term drought plus very dry air, windy air, it didn't take much; the intensity that required it to spread was instantly available."
Bushfires travel at different speeds depending on the terrain and the kind of vegetation growing, but eucalypts are especially adapted to spread fires.
"In eucalypt forests throughout Australia you can get lofted pieces of bark and sometimes leaves that travel a long way," he said.
"Eucalypts evolved in Australia 15 million years ago, under a fire-prone environment. They are perfectly adapted to survive the fire and to spread the fire. We have a fire-prone continent and it's all part of the system."
Topics: bushfire, fires, disasters-and-accidents, emergency-incidents, lithgow-2790, nsw, australia, bell-2786, bilpin-2758, springwood-2777
First posted October 21, 2013 18:54:22


The Blob object represents a blob, which is a file-like object of immutable, raw data; they can be read as text or binary data, or converted into a ReadableStream so its methods can be used for processing the data.
Blobs can represent data that isn't necessarily in a JavaScript-native format. The File interface is based on Blob, inheriting blob functionality and expanding it to support files on the user's system.
Using blobs
To construct a Blob from other non-blob objects and data, use the Blob() constructor. To create a blob that contains a subset of another blob's data, use the slice() method. To obtain a Blob object for a file on the user's file system, see the File documentation.
The APIs accepting Blob objects are also listed in the File documentation.
Returns a newly created Blob object which contains a concatenation of all of the data in the array passed into the constructor.
Instance properties
Blob.prototype.size Read only
The size, in bytes, of the data contained in the Blob object.
Blob.prototype.type Read only
A string indicating the MIME type of the data contained in the Blob. If the type is unknown, this string is empty.
Instance methods
Returns a promise that resolves with an ArrayBuffer containing the entire contents of the Blob as binary data.
Returns a new Blob object containing the data in the specified range of bytes of the blob on which it's called.
Returns a ReadableStream that can be used to read the contents of the Blob.
Returns a promise that resolves with a USVString containing the entire contents of the Blob interpreted as UTF-8 text.
Creating a blob
The Blob() constructor can create blobs from other objects. For example, to construct a blob from a JSON string:
const obj = {hello: 'world'};
const blob = new Blob([JSON.stringify(obj, null, 2)], {type : 'application/json'});
Creating a URL representing the contents of a typed array
The following code creates a JavaScript typed array and creates a new Blob containing the typed array's data. It then calls URL.createObjectURL() to convert the blob into a URL.
This example creates a typed array containing the ASCII codes
 for the space character through the letter Z, then converts it
 to an object URL. A link to open that object URL is created.
 Click the link to see the decoded object URL.
The main piece of this code for example purposes is the typedArrayToURL() function, which creates a Blob from the given typed array and returns an object URL for it. Having converted the data into an object URL, it can be used in a number of ways, including as the value of the element's src attribute (assuming the data contains an image, of course).
function typedArrayToURL(typedArray, mimeType) {
 return URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([typedArray.buffer], {type: mimeType}))
const bytes = new Uint8Array(59);
for(let i = 0; i < 59; i++) {
 bytes[i] = 32 + i;
const url = typedArrayToURL(bytes, 'text/plain');
const link = document.createElement('a');
link.href = url;
link.innerText = 'Open the array URL';
Click the link in the example to see the browser decode the object URL.
Extracting data from a blob
One way to read content from a Blob is to use a FileReader. The following code reads the content of a Blob as a typed array:
const reader = new FileReader();
reader.addEventListener('loadend', () => {
 // reader.result contains the contents of blob as a typed array
Another way to read content from a Blob is to use a Response. The following code reads the content of a Blob as text:
const text = await (new Response(blob)).text();
Or by using Blob.prototype.text():
const text = await blob.text();
By using other methods of FileReader, it is possible to read the contents of a Blob as a string or a data URL.
Specification Status Comment
File API
The definition of 'The Blob interface' in that specification.
Working Draft Initial definition.
Browser compatibility
BCD tables only load in the browser
See also


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What does mean stuck?
Stuck describes something that's frozen or fixed in one place and can't be moved. If your foot gets stuck in the mud, it means you can't get your foot out of its messy trap. The lid of a jar can be stuck, and your car can get stuck in traffic; either way, the thing that's stuck isn't going anywhere.
What do you do if you get stuck in a traffic jam?
You can use time stuck in traffic to learn something new or enjoy this alone time instead.
- Listen to music and sing your heart out.
- Read your favorite book.
- Take a nap.
- Post something online about the traffic jam or things you see while stuck in traffic.
- Make a to-do list.
- Call a friend.
Are stuck with meaning?
Forced to tolerate, deal with, or manage someone or something. The executives want this in the final product no matter what, so it looks like we're stuck with it. Once you have kids with someone, you're pretty much stuck with that person for the rest of your life, even if you don't stay in a relationship.
How do you use stuck up in a sentence?
Use "stuck-up" in a sentence | "stuck-up" sentence examples
- His wife was a bit stuck-up.
- We thought his wife was stuck-up.
- Too stuck-up, considering what she was.
- Daughter Amanda is more stuck-up than a chimney sweep's brush.
- Tanya is so stuck-up.
- I can't stand her – she's so stuck-up.
What does struck by a car mean?
Struck is a person or thing that has been hit or attacked, or affected by a labor strike. An example of struck is a deer that's been hit by a car. An example of struck is a company with their employees on strike. verb.
What are the ways to strike a friendship with someone?
to become friends (with someone). I struck up a friendship with John while we were on a business trip together. If you're lonely, you should go out and try to strike up a friendship with someone you like.


text:
The Queensland character is a literary and political devise. But did it really exist? I argue that putting aside groups of 'characters' that happen to live in Queensland, the Queensland character is an imagining of society where the history is very different. The key point is that the 'Queensland character' is not the 'character' of philosophical traditions, but has evolved, as elsewhere, into an excuse for character deficiencies.
I am exploring the subject in a new book with the working title of 'Horizon Worldviews in Queensland: Re-Imaging the Society Beyond the 'Queensland Character'. I am making the drafting process open as a series of post on one of my blogs, 'Was There Ever A Queensland Character?' This site houses selected extracts of the drafting, as follows:
Even among Queensland historians the opportunity to rigorously examine the thinking behind the commonly used phase 'Queensland character' has never before been taken up. It is not that Queensland historians have not alluded to the use of the phrase. The much more common usage among historians and other scholars is in reference to the material construct known as the 'the Queenslander'. The discussion of the allegedly uniquely-designed Queensland house spins around on the idea of 'character', and more precisely 'heritage character' and value. Social historians have frequently used the phrase in other ways. The idea of 'Queensland character' has two other major applications, in references to folklore and to literature more broadly, to the characterisation of Queensland regions in short stories, essays, poems, and novels. In this latter case, the literary function of the 'Queensland character' crept into the common Australian historiography. The history of Queensland was defined by a personable character.


During Applied Felts' multi-stage production process, we continually test a number of criteria including density, thickness, fiber distribution evenness, strength and weld-ability of the finished product. Once the liner has been constructed, the material is then coated, using a "single pass" extruded process to ensure there are no pinholes present. During this phase, tests are again conducted to monitor coating uniformity, mass and weight distribution.
Continually checked throughout the process to ensure the product satisfies the specification of your order, the finished liner is then sampled and destructively tested across a variety of quality characteristics, including density at various pressures, tensile strength, coating distribution and more. Finally, samples are cut and tested across several additional criteria to make sure the circumference, density, length, coating integrity, weld strengths and other properties have not been compromised.


text:
Mental health disparities higher for older African American adults
A new, revealing literature review suggests that older African American adults are more likely to be diagnosed with depression, anxiety, and dementia than others. The study reviews the mental health issues among the rapidly growing African American older adult population. Given the existing disparities in mental health treatment and the projected growth of the African American older adult population, a dire need for further research to into assessment and treatment with a focus on cultural context is obvious, authors say.
View full story


Lake Wind Advisory:
Lake Wind Advisories are issued when sustained winds of 25 knots or greater are expected for several hours during the first 12 hours of the forecast. Typically wind forecasts are expressed in ranges. Thus for example a wind forecast of 15 to 25 knots, or 20 to 30 knots would both constitute advisory level conditions. Winds of this magnitude typically create choppy to rough water in exposed areas, leading to potentially hazardous conditions for those operating small craft.


text:
of Political Socialization and Political Change: Political Orientation of Japanese Law Students. Human Organization,1965 Vol.24:328-331.
Kuroda begins his article with a brief overview of the history and relevance of the findings of the American studies on the correlation between the political affiliation of a student and that of their parents. The general findings of these studies being: in a stable, non-changing political system, the major source of political socialization is the family. Yasumasa then applies this logic to the opposite side of the political system, hypothesizing that in the case of a rapidly changing, or unstable, political system, the parents' political affiliation and party involvement would have little to no influence on that of their student.
Kuroda tested his hypothesis by polling law students at the University of Kyoto, the University of Tokyo, and the Legal Training Institute. These Universities were chosen for their history of producing political leaders, variety of political beliefs, and law programs. His questions covered three basic categories: political affiliation, political involvement (whether apolitical, spectator, or political), and the correlation between the students' answers and their parents.
Kuroda's findings are presented in this article in a standard table form, displaying the percentages of students and parents per category. His first table touches on the relationship between the political involvement of students and their parents. It shows there is no significant relationship between the political involvement of the students and their parents. The relationship is neither negative nor positive, although there is a slight correlation between those students whose parents were involved in politics to wish to go into politics.
Table 2 displays the relationship between preference of political party between parents and students. Again there is not a significant correlation between the two, however, there does seem to be some correlation between students who have no particular party preference and those of their parents. The results of this particular poll raise certain questions about the generational effects of a rapidly changing political system ( i.e. Does type of government in place at the time of first political involvement play a significant role?).
Finally, in Table 3, Kuroda combines these two graphs into one displaying the correlation between political involvement and party preference. Table 3 identifies that "having no specific party preference is not a good indicator of political involvement" (p330), this eliminates the problem found in Table 2, and benefits his hypothesis that a parent's political preference has little to no influence on a students political preference or involvement in an unstable political system. Unfortunately, the question of why there is a positive correlation between political party preference of the students and that of their parents.
For the most part, this data will be of benefit to the hypothesis that political affiliation and involvement of students in an unstable political system will not be highly influence, thus not the same as, that of their parents. This questions the source of the influence on students in changing political environments' views, whether it is a generational influence or an organizational, and questions the effects on political variation during stabilization of a political environment.
HALEY ROE University of Wisconsin-Madison (Larry Nesper).
Langenderfer, Harold Q.. The Egyptian Executives: A Study in Conflict. Human Organization 1965 Vol.24:89-95
In 1952, Egypt experienced a political revolution followed by an economic revolution in 1962. The revolutions were accompanied by a cultural movement which reformed beliefs and attitudes of Egyptian society. In 1961, the United Arab Republic (UAR) decreed all private enterprises to enter into a socialist society. All large industries would be owned by the government. The goal of the new socialist government was to redistribute the wealth of the society more equitably. This act would therefore create a higher standard of living for the majority. The government would achieve success in running these industries by appointing managers to run them. Langerenderfer address the issue of the institutional and personal barriers that are inhibiting the manager's ability to improve and accelerate economic development. If economic development ceases, the standard of living cannot
The evidence Langenderfer provides for explanation of the lag in economic development lies within the barriers that effect management. The first barrier is, "The lack of guiding principles and clear objectives." At the formation of public companies, the government offered no assignment of responsibility to the managers running the industry. There was much confusion over which organizations are responsible for certain policies. Because of this chaotic organization of responsibility, the opportunity for growth was deterred. National objectives for industries were needed to continue economic progress.
Secondly, "The bureaucratic nature of the government superstructure," needs to be reformed to permit successful management. The bureaucrat does not seem to understand the problems of the business executive. The executive management skills are developing much faster than the public administration. The public administration is also a one-way link of communication. It is a delegation over the executive managers. Langenderfer suggests a two-way form of communication, so the executives may know what problems managers may be experiencing.
Thirdly, "(t)he lack of criteria for evaluating performance," causes barriers that impede effective management. The government believes the intelligent workers do not need incentives to work. Their intellect should allow them to realize that they should do their best for the, "general welfare of the country." The problem in lies that there is no actual proof the workers feel this way. If they don't, they will not work as hard, therefore not improving the economic development of the country.
Langenderfer makes the argument clear, certain barriers need to be breached before the standard of living in Egypt has the opportunity to improve. If not, the economy will come to a standstill and no progress can be made.
SARAH D. GANTZ University of Wisconsin-Madison (Larry Nesper)
Levy, Jerrold E. Navajo Suicide Human Organization, Vol. 24: 308-318
Jerrold Levy looks closely at increasing Navajo suicide rates, making links between the data he has collected and the behaviors he has studied within the Navajo culture. To try and understand the motivation for this particular people, he looks at age, marital status, method, location, level of acculturation and the consequences of suicide in their culture in terms of their understanding of the spiritual world and shame within the community. Levy notes that his data may be affected by the fact that until the 1950s, the Navajo groups he studied did not see any reason to report suicides to the U.S. government, giving him a small sample size. The suicide rate is increasing for Navajos, but this may just be part of the overall trend nationally. He hints at his theory that the acculturative process may play a large role in the stresses of these people and therefore a cause of the increased suicide rate.
Levy begins by looking at the overwhelming fact that nationally the male to female ratio of suicide victims is 4:1. In the Navajo groups he studied, however, the ratio is approximately 13:1. This extreme difference leads him to say that the stresses of the community and family structure appear to fall mostly on the men. This makes more sense when he explains that the Navajo have a matrilineal descent system and matrilocal residence patterns which suggest that it is easier for the female to cope with integration. When looking at age in combination with sex, we see that the young male bears the brunt of stress in balancing his economic responsibility with his unstable role in integration.
When looking at method, motive and the role of alcohol, Levy concludes that these suicides are mostly impulsive and the "result of spontaneous eruptions of violent emotions." He notes that only one victim dressed up and only one victim left a note. He sees the growing accessibility to alcohol as an explanation for the increase in suicides because of the way alcohol can intensify preexisting insecurities, leading to encouraging impulsive actions.
When looking next, as Levy does, at the belief system of the Navajos, one can find conflict in Levy's proposals. He emphasizes the impulsive nature of these Navajo suicides but then describes the impact of their belief system on the actual act of suicide and there is a definite conflict. Most of the suicides occur away from the home because of the belief that seeing a dead body can be very harmful spiritually and physically. This belief is sometimes used as revenge on one's enemies, by committing the act where they are sure to find the body. The evidence of the thought going into these beliefs shows that sometimes the Navajo is in fact not impulsive at all in their suicide but very thoughtful of the consequences of their death. This is reflected in Levy's report of their external moral system. They only see something as wrong if it negatively affects the outer world. This externalization of their morals is reflected in Levy's observations of shame instead of guilt.
Levy makes the interesting observation that where the suicides rates were the highest, was also where there were the smallest reservations, surrounded by white communities. This is consistent with his theory that the economic and acculturational stresses of the young male cause him to lead the suicide rate. Levy also observes that most of the causes sited stemmed from conflicts within the family. He says that this is a new pattern emerging from the disintegration of the traditional Navajo social organization.
A problem I found with Levy's article was the broad generalization that the "Navajo personality" is by nature moody, therefore making the impulsive nature of their suicides logical. I found this quite surprising, that an anthropologist would make such a sweeping generalization about a people even after studying them. I understood his saying that he saw a pattern of impulsiveness in the suicides he found record of, but to then make the next leap of saying that this is a characteristic of the Navajo personality was a little too much of a


text: What was the climate like at Lake El'gygytgyn in the past? The opened sediment cores give a rough idea of the cold and warm periods, but only the results of the many different analyses will allow them to be deciphered. Using state of the art technology, the researchers hope to be able to reconstruct the past in detail over the next two years, and ideally even be able to look at individual years. In Cologne, the core logger measures the so-called magnetic susceptibility – the magnetisability of the material – and the colour spectrum of the cores. Every sediment has its own "fingerprint", an individual combination of density, electrical resistance, sound wave velocity, natural gamma radiation and magnetic properties. What conclusions can be drawn?


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There is ample evidence from different research disciplines that location factors such as employment opportunities or the availability of amenities and facilities are a powerful predictor of settlement behaviour. Recent research suggests that citizens' mean personality traits could be an additional predictor of where young people settle. We therefore explore 1) the extent to which recent graduates in the Netherlands are geographically clustered with respect to five different personality traits, 2) whether the geographical clustering of graduates is intensified as they grow older, 3) how regional environmental characteristics are related to personality traits, and 4) the extent to which personality traits play a role in graduates' location choices. Our results reveal a distinct geographical clustering of personality traits among the different regions in the Netherlands. We also show that this geographical clustering becomes more blurred as graduates age. The results furthermore show robust associations between personality traits and several environmental characteristics with respect to demographic, economic, health, political, sociocultural, crime, and religious outcomes. In addition, we show that personality traits play a role in graduates' location choices. Economic factors seem to have a larger impact in determining location choices than personality traits.
|Series||ROA Research Memoranda|
- j61 - "Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers"
- r23 - "Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics: Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population; Neighborhood Characteristics"
- d91 - "Intertemporal Consumer Choice; Life Cycle Models and Saving"
- personality traits
- geographical psychology
- recent graduates
- settlement behaviour


text:
You are here
River of No Return
The Salmon River is often called the River of No Return, made famous by Native American tales that those who go down the river never come back. The rapids were so wild, and the cliffs so steep that those who ventured through were never seen again.
These tales, the deep canyon walls, and the awesome whitewater of Pine Creek rapids caused the Lewis and Clark Expedition to turn back and abandon the Salmon River as a route to the sea. Now, with the advent of the inflatable raft, these River of No Return rapids are great fun for recreation. What was perilous and deadly to wooden canoes is now a thrilling family adventure vacation!
The Salmon River was also made famous in the 1950's with the Marilyn Monroe movie of the same name: River of No Return.


What's the name for the elision of a consonant between two vowels? Syncope is usually used for vowel elision (resulting in consonant clusters) but what about consonant elision? I couldn't find any term for it.
Syncope is actually a particular kind of rhythmically-governed vowel elision. There is no general word that refers to intervocalic consonant deletion. The closest you can get is "lenition", which often results in deletion, but is not restricted to "intervocalic", and it has other outcomes (such as /k/ → [g]).
 - Well then what about 'deletion'? – Mitch Oct 18 '16 at 20:38
 - 1
 Likewise, "deletion" can refer to any kind of segment, in any context. – user6726 Oct 18 '16 at 21:01
Your Answer


Model Railroad Signaling
Our model railroad signaling system has been designed to provide the most operational realism possible while ensuring that the hobbyist can remain focused on building the railway and not the signal system.
The DBM signal controller has been designed to understand all types of realistic signal applications and recreate these functions without the aid of a computer. The DBM is named aptly for its purpose. The Digital Bungalow Module (DBM) performs all tasks that would be performed at a real railroad house (bungalow) at the wayside.
Various available I/O modules make the DBM very versatile, enabling the type of I/O that is necessary for the layout specific conditions needed. The DBM can interface to our standard switch control interface which allows a wide range of switch machine motors to be used for control of switches in turnouts.
Various types of signaling system can be created with the DBM and none of them require a computer for the system to operate. A computer is only used to configure the DBM originally and can optionally be used as a dispatcher interface if needed. No traditional computer programming is required to create a powerful signal system from simple Automatic Block Signaling (ABS) and Absolute/Permissive Block (APB), to Centralized Traffic Control (CTC) from single track with dark sidings, up to multi-track systems with complex speed-signaling.
CTC is possible by using the Operations mode of our configuration freeware Signal Suite. Full CTC functionality is available including train tracking and 'NX' routing.
Showing all 10 results


Does colored mulch affect the growth rate of a plant?
Purpose: To determine if different colored plastic (or mulch) on the soil surface affects the temperature of soil.
Materials: Digital thermometer; potting soil; 8 pots; colored mulch in black, white, and red; window sill with full sun; tape. For the colored mulch, you can use different paint colors to paint black plastic, or you might use different colored plastic bags or mulch from the store.
Procedure: Fill pots with equal amounts of soil. Place 2 uncovered pots on the window sill where there is full sun. Cover 2 pots with black plastic, 2 pots with white plastic, and 2 pots with red plastic. Make sure the plastic covers the top of the pot, and tape it to the pot. Place these pots on the window sill. In 24 hours, record your first temperature measurements. You can do this by sticking the temperature probe in the drainage hole of the pot. For 10 days, record the temperatures for each pot in the morning and afternoon. Note the differences in temperature among the colors, and record observations.
Think About This:
1. Which pot had the highest soil temperature?
2. What color kept the soil the coolest?
3. Why do you think that some mulch colors make the soil hotter or cooler?
Return to: Ways to boss around a plant – experiments for middle schoolers
USDA-ARS. Does Colored Mulch Affect Soil Temperature? June 2009l


text:
Jak Kirman, Kenneth Basye, Thomas Dean
We present an approach to building hlgh-level control systems for robotics based on Bayesian decision theory. We show how this approach provides a natural and modular way of integrating sensing and planning. We develop a simple solution for a particular problem as an illustration. We examine the cost of using such a model and consider the areas in which abstraction can reduce this cost. We focus on one area, spatial abstraction, and discuss the design issues that arise in choosing a spatial abstraction. Finally, we discuss an abstraction that we have used to solve problems involving robot navigation, and give a detailed account of the mapping from raw sensor data to the abstraction.


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You can make miniature lapel pins that resemble the flags of the world with safety pins and seed beads. Because the beaded pins hang freely from a larger pin, any motion gives the illusion of a proudly waving flag.
1 - 1 1/2 inch safety pin
12 - 7/8 inch safety pins
seed beads of various colors, as needed
small paring knife or nail file
pair of pliers
Use the point of the paring knife or nail file to gently separate the circle of the larger safety pin, then set aside. Slip seed beads onto the smaller pins, following the chosen pattern. Follow the charts from top to bottom when you are arranging the beads. For example: to make the flag of Chile: arrange the first pin with: 4 blue then 8 white beads (row 1)
When all 12 small pins have beads arranged, slip the circle end of the small pin (Row 1) onto the larger pin. Work it around the larger pin's circular loop and slide it to the head of the larger pin. Continue with the other 11 smaller pins. When all 12 pins have been arranged in place, squeeze the larger pin's loop shut with the pliers.
The large pin can now be opened and closed without the risk of the smaller pins slipping off. Fasten your pin to your shirt, jacket or hat and watch it "wave" with each motion you make.
I'm adding patterns and making the patterns easier to read. Click on the button to go to the new page:


text:
The Portland Harbor Superfund Site in Portland, Oregon, is the result of more than a century of industrial use along the Willamette River.
Water and sediments along Portland Harbor are contaminated with many hazardous substances, including heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), dioxin, and pesticides. These compounds have been found to be harmful to human health and the environment. Because of the contamination, some types of fish found in Portland Harbor, such as bass, carp and catfish currently pose a health risk to those who eat them.
Portland Harbor was added to EPA's National Priorities List in December 2000. The current study area extends from the Columbia Slough to the Broadway Bridge.
EPA and the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality are working with potentially responsible parties to clean up contaminated sediment and control sources of additional contamination.
The Final Human Health Risk Assessment for Portland Harbor Superfund Site is available for review (PDF) (141 pp, 1.2MB). The general conclusions from the assessment are:
- eating resident fish such as catfish, bass, and carp from Portland Harbor is a health risk especially for recreational and subsistence fishers, and infants that are breast fed by mothers who eat resident fish;
- PCBs are the primary contaminant associated with most of the risk from eating Portland Harbor fish; and
- the health risks are great enough for cleanup to be needed under the Superfund law.
We are working with the Lower Willamette Group to finalize the draft ecological risk assessment, remedial investigation and the feasibility study which evaluates cleanup alternatives for Portland Harbor. We will use the final remedial investigation and feasibility study to develop a proposed cleanup plan by 2014. When released there will be a series of public information sessions to discuss the proposed plan and the opportunity for formal public comments. Until then, we will continue to meet with the community to provide updates, answer questions, and listen to concerns.
- Notice of Assessment and Stipulated Penalties Letter to Lower Willamette Group (PDF) (3 pp, 243K) - April 10, 2013
- Final Human Health Risk Assessment (PDF) (141 pp, 1.2MB) - March 28, 2013
- Note: To review appendices please contact Alanna Conley (_EMAIL_) via email or at _PHONE_ for a CD of the full report. You can also visit Multnomah County Central Library's Government Documents section.
- Proposed Confined Disposal Facility Questions and Answers (PDF) (19 pp, 100K) - January 13, 2013
- EPA comments on the RI/FS Draft Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment (PDF) (44 pp, 937K) - December 21, 2012
- EPA comments on the March 2012 Draft Study Feasibility Study (PDF) (24 pp, 1MB) - December 18, 2012
- Portland Harbor Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment (BHHRA) Dispute Decision (PDF) (10 pp, 924K) - December 6, 2012
- Portland Harbor BHHRA Dispute Decision Memo - Partial Resolution (PDF) (2 pp, 94K) - October 25, 2012


text:
The use of radiotelemetry in small laboratory animals: recent advances.
Kramer, K., Kinter, L., Brockway, B.P., Voss, H.P., Remie, R. and Van Zutphen, B.L.M.
Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science, 40(1), 8-16 (2001).
Radiotelemetry provides an alternative means of obtaining physiological measurements from awake and freely moving laboratory animals, without introducing stress artifacts. For researchers, especially those in the fields of pharmacology and toxicology, the technique may provide a valuable tool for predicting the effectiveness and safety of new compounds in humans. In light of studies described in the literature, it is concluded that there is ample evidence that the use of radiotelemetry for measuring blood pressure, cardiac activity, heart rate, body temperature, and locomotor activity in rodents has been validated sufficiently. Today, this technology is an important tool for the stress-free collection of these physiologic data in small rodents, including mice.


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I have defined event handlers according to their classnames in the latest project that I'm working on.
for ex. all element with the class name "foo" should respond in a particular way on change event. and all elements with the class name "bar" should respond in some other way.
Now some of my elements fall under both classes i.e. class="foo bar" and they should respond in both ways. Right now, only one of the event handler function is being called.
How can I make both the responses execute simultaneously.
share|improve this question
Short answer, you can't. One will execute before the other. Simultaneous isn't possible, but, both should be executing in the order in which they were raised. Can you give us some code to look at? – The Internet Oct 2 '12 at 5:16
you can not execute both events "simultaneously". by the way what are these events, somehow it also depends on the events – diEcho Oct 2 '12 at 5:31
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2 Answers
up vote 8 down vote accepted
It depends on how you are binding the events. If you are binding them via jQuery and not overwriting the handlers via x.onchange = function() {... } - all the bound event handlers will get executed. This is because jQuery queues the event handlers instead of overwriting the previous binding(s).
Check this fiddle to see multiple events getting fired:
Check this fiddle to see how the event handlers are overwritten causing only the last bound handler to fire
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What you want is a variation of "behaviors" pattern.
It lets you to automatically process events on elements with given classes or other attributes.
The usual implementation is to listen to events on "document", and then, by event.target, define the action.
For example:
$(document).on('click change', '.foo.bar', (function(e) {
 var classes = this.className.split(/\s+/);
 $.each(classes, function(i, cls) {
 handle(e.type, this, cls);
function handle(e.type, elem, cls) {
 // example: Event type click on elem DIV with class foo
 alert("Event type " + e.type + " on elem " + elem.tagName + " with class " + cls);
Here function handle with process all events on elements with classes of your choice. If you wish to add other events or classes, just append them into the "on" list.
share|improve this answer
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Your Answer


August 2, 2015
Posts by chinthaka
Total # Posts: 2
Two machines A and B produce respectively 60% and 40% of the total number of items of a factory. The percentages of defective output for A and B are 3% and 2% respectively. Suppose an item is selected at random, and is found to be defective. The probability that the item was...
July 23, 2012
A pair of fair dice is tossed once. If the sum of the two numbers is greater than 9, the probability that one of the numbers is a 6 =
July 17, 2012
 1. Pages:
 2. 1


The Daughters of Carrawburgh
Sam Layton, a respected psychic medium, is called upon by a reclusive landowner to determine how a murder at a prehistoric stone circle relates to human sacrifices that have occurred there through antiquity. He joins forces with Emma, an archaeologist grieving for her husband recently killed at the site, but events begin to affect him on a personal and dangerous level …
Whilst investigating the paranormal occurrences in the area, and with the discovery of more gruesome archaeological finds, Layton believes they relate to events locked away in his childhood memories. He is also desperate to discover the fate of the woman he loves.
Set against the atmospheric backdrop of ancient landscapes, stone circles, Roman ruins and ghosts, forests and moorland, The Daughters of Carrawburgh is a thrilling paranormal adventure.


Status Handling Best Practices
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This paper will explain the best practices a developer should follow to exploit this new framework appropriately using the IStatus class. The second part will explain to plug-in provider how to exploit the new 'StatusHandler' model, allowing them to contribute to the user interface as well as managing the IStatus we are about to show or log.
Eclipse UI best practices about Common Error Message []
Message content
Provide additional information in your message
Attempt to use a unique identifier
Developing messages in eclipse: using the NLS.bind method
Developing Message Bundles in Eclipse []
Internationalization best practices [] []
About logging and Error Dialog
The concept of a LogRecord
Eclipse does not provide the concept of a record in itself yet. So we usually end up writing our own method like debug(String) or warn(String) in our plug-ins. The equinox team is working on proving a full fledge logging framework, including the concept of a LogRecord in future releases.
Best practices for logging
There is a lot of debate about what to log and what not to log.
 1. If you log too little, it will be difficult to troubleshoot a problem. In some cases we will have to reproduce the problem in debug mode (allowing trace to be persisted). In the worse case scenario, if you cannot reproduce the issue, you will have to ship an instrumented version of your code to the client.
 2. If you log too much, a couple things can happen
 1. You could fill the hard drive with information and slow the process of your application
 2. You will scare the product administrator who will see tons of 'possible' errors fill the log.
Rule #1: if you show it, log it The rationale is that if you do not log it, we have no persistence of the issue. If the user closes the Dialog and closes support, we will have to reproduce the problem. Of course, in the case of a client-server environment, you do not have to log it in both places. If the message comes from the server, the client part can *just* present the message that will contain information about the real log record in the server log, so the administrator can retrieve it. Still I would recommend you save the message only (not the whole record) in the client environment, in case the clients forgets the correlator identifier to the server log. Another possibility is to log the message at a DEBUG or TRACE level. Remember to be cautious or you will end up in Scenario #1 : Logging too little.
Rule #2: Log even expected exception Some exceptions are expected in your environment. For instance, if you connect to a database using JDBC, you may encounter the java.sql.SQLException. It may be an exception you can recover from (i.e. StaleData) or one you cannot recover from (Server is down). You should not log the StaleData exception or the log will contain too much information. The user/administrator is not interested about your internal code and how you recover. Yet you should log the unexpected exception. We recommend you log the message of an expected exception only, not the whole stackTrace, but at a WARNING or DEBUG level.
Other technique exists that keep a statistic view of your expected errors. This allow an administrator to realize, for instance, that the application is getting a lot of StaleException between 8pm and 9pm on Friday.
There is tons of information and documentation on the web. On interesting paper about logging exception is the following: []
The Eclipse IStatus
 * ILog.log(IStatus status)
 * IProgressMonitorWithBlocking.setBlocked(IStatus reason)
Calling the Status API
You should investigate the Status and MultiStatus classes. We recommend you use the following constructor:
public Status(int severity, String pluginId, int code, String message, Throwable exception)
Implementing your own Status
You should consider the following when creating an IStatus instance.
public class CVSStatus extends TeamStatus {
/*** Status codes ***/
public static final int SERVER_ERROR = -10;
public static final int NO_SUCH_TAG = -11;
public static final int CONFLICT = -12;
public static final int SERVER_IS_UNKNOWN = -22;
public CVSStatus(int severity, int code, String message, Throwable t, ICVSRepositoryLocation cvsLocation) {
 super(severity, CVSProviderPlugin.ID, code, message, t,null);
 this.cvsLocation = cvsLocation;
The Eclipse 3.3 Status handler framework
In Eclipse 3.3 we added a new framework to handle statuses. The goal was triple:
 1. Providing consistency about Logging and ErrorMessage from an Eclipse UI point of view. The work in the core is in progress in the Equinox subproject (as of March 07)
 2. Allow products based on eclipse a central way to handle statuses before they are rendered or logged
 3. Allow products based on eclipse to extend the ErrorDialog for specific errors
Check the following link to learn more about the StatusHandler project []
In the first part of this paragraph, we will describe the best practices a developer should use to log or render an IStatus. In the second part of this paragraph, we will explain the best practices to create your own StatusHandler.
Using the new Eclipse status handler API
First we will present the new StatusManager class and its API. Then we will explain how you could modify your existing code to use the new features of the framework.
Calling the StatusManager handle method
Calling the new framework is straight forward. Once your IStatus is created, you pass it to the singleton instance of the class StatusManager. You can specify if you want the message to be logged (LOG) and.or shown (SHOW).
Remember the Handler has the last decision about showing and logging. Consider the previous information as a hint to the handler, but do not rely on them for your execution.
public void run(IAction action) {
 // Throw an error to be handled
 File aConfigurationFile = obtainConfigurationFileFor(authenticatedUser);
 FileInputStream aStream = null;
 try {
 aStream = new FileInputStream(aConfigurationFile);
 //... if no error, then continue
 } catch (IOException exception){
 // Build a message
 String message = NLS.bind(Error_Accessing_Configuration, aConfigurationFile);
 // Build a new IStatus
 IStatus status = new CompanyStatus(IStatus.ERROR,Activator.PLUGIN_ID,CompanyStatus.CONFIGURATION_ERROR,
 message,exception, aConfigurationFile);
 // Let the StatusManager handle the Status and provide a hint
 } finally {
 if (aStream!=null){
Replacing your call to ErrorDialog, MessageDialog
Eclipse provide different API for logging and showing an error message. Here is a list of the Available API and their replacement using StatusManager
Replacing your call to ILog
Developing a StatusHandler
In this section, we will explain how to extend the Status handler framework. There will be a unique extension per application.
A StatusHandler is the counterpart of StatusManager. As a developer, you will call the StatusManager code, passing the IStatus. The StatusHandler will handle the IStatus based on its policy. For instance, a StatusHandler can determine if they need to be shown and/or logged. A StatusHandler can decide to send an email to an administrator.
Implementing the extension point
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ link to the extension point ??? ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
Implementing the handle method
public void handle(StatusAdapter statusAdapter, int style) {
 // Retrieve IStatus and message
 IStatus oldStatus = statusAdapter.getStatus();
 // Verify we do not have a CompanyStatusWithID
 if (!(oldStatus instanceof CompanyStatusWithID)){
 String message = oldStatus.getMessage();
 //All our ID start with DYNA
 //Remove any unique identifier to not show it to the user
 int lengthOfUniqueId = message.indexOf(' ');
 String uniqueID = message.substring(0,lengthOfUniqueId);
 message = message.substring(lengthOfUniqueId);
 // Create a new CompanyStatusWithID
 // check the Style. We still want to trace even if we do not log
 if ((style & StatusManager.LOG)==0){
 super.handle(statusAdapter, style);
Developing an ErrorSupportProvider
Registering your ErrorSupportProvider
To Register your SupportArea, you must call the following code
Policy.setErrorSupportProvider();
We recommend you do it in the Activator class of your bundle, in the start method. Of course you can change it later, for instance in your handle method. In that case, there is no contract that the ErrorSupportProvider you set will be the one receiving the IStatus your are processing.
Implementing the createSupportArea method
Implement the createSupportArea method, returning the control you want to show the user.
public Control createSupportArea(Composite parent, IStatus status) {
 // if the dialog is too short, make it taller
 toolkit = new FormToolkit(parent.getDisplay());
Here is a simple example that will open a web page.
public Control createSupportArea(Composite parent, IStatus status) {
 viewer = new Browser(parent, SWT.NONE);
 viewer.setLayoutData(new GridData(SWT.FILL,SWT.FILL,true,true));
 viewer.setUrl();
 return viewer;
We highly recommend you implement an IDisposeListener to clean up after yourself, when the ErrorDialog is closed.
The flow
When a IStatus needs to be handled, the StatusManager will retrieve the StatusHandler associated with the application. It will pass the


text:
iPDC is a free Phasor Data Concentrator based on IEEEC37.118 synchrophasor standard. It also has Database Server for iPDC and PMU Simulator modules. The objective of iPDC project is to create a IEEE C37.118 Synchrophasor standardized Phasor Data Concentrator
and PMU Simulator, on which research students and developers can develop and test their algorithms and applications. The purpose of iPDC released as a Free Software to its availability for users without any restriction regarding its usage and modification,
also to get the contribution from community users and developers all around the world.
- iPDC is compliant with IEEE C37.118 Synchrophasor standard.
- iPDC capable of receiving the data from
PMU and iPDC.
- iPDC would generate combined data frame by performing time aligning, sorting for each timestamps.
- iPDC able to send data frames to other iPDC's as well as other applications.
- iPDC directs the received data frames to MySQL database server for storage.
- The iPDC-database server may run on the local or remote machine.
- iPDC has option to connect via TCP or UDP.
- iPDC has a file structure, that stores all the connection and CFG details as being iPDC status.
- iPDC Setup File can be reload at restarting of iPDC.
- iPDC is a multi-threaded application, hence the performance is optimistic.
- iPDC has user friendly Graphical Interface.
- iPDC is built on free and open source technologies.
- PMU Simulator is compliant with IEEE C37.118 and successfully tested with the
PMU Connection Tester.
- PMU Simulator is configurable for both TCP and UDP communication protocols.
- PMU Simulator has option to read the PMU measurements from the
csv file and generate Data Frames.
- PMU Simulator has options to introduce different errors in STAT Word at run time.
- With single installation multiple PMU simulators can be run on a single machine simultaneously.
- PMU Simulator could be configurable for both 50 & 60 Hz of frequency system.
- It also has the configuration modification option like add/remove phasor channels at run time.
- PMU Simulator is a multi-process and multi-threaded application, hence the performance is optimistic.
- PMU Simulator has user friendly Graphical User Interface.
- PMU Simulator is built on free and open source technologies.
- iPDC on SourceForge, and
- Wide Area Frequency Measurement system (WAFMS) by
- If you get into problems, find this application useful or find bug in the software, just feel anything except nothing about it. Please feel free to contact us through bug report on
ISSUE TRACKER or email. Our motivation for further work grows with every mail.
- Subscribe the iPDC project to get the latest updates about iPDC and PMU Simulator.
- For report any issue regarding project or websites please email


text:
Type of Document Dissertation Author Ning, Puqi URN etd-05172010-170211 Title Design and Development of High Density High Temperature Power Module with Cooling System Degree PhD Department Electrical and Computer Engineering Advisory Committee
Advisor Name Title Ngo, Khai D. T. Committee Co-Chair Wang, Fei Fred Committee Co-Chair Boroyevich, Dushan Committee Member Centeno, Virgilio A. Committee Member Lin, Tao Committee Member Keywords
- SiC devices
- high temperature
- high power density
- planar package
- wirebond package
Date of Defense 2010-05-04 Availability unrestricted AbstractIn recent years, the SiC power semiconductor has emerged as an attractive alternative that pushes the limitations of junction temperature, power rating, and switching frequency of Si devices. These advanced properties will lead converters to higher power density. However, the reliability of the SiC semiconductor is still under investigation, and at the same time, the standard Si device packages do not meet the requirement of high temperature operation. In order to take full advantage of SiC semiconductor devices, high density, high temperature device packaging needs to be developed.
In this dissertation, a high temperature wirebond package for multi-chip phase-leg power module using SiC devices was designed, developed, fabricated and tested. The details of the material selection and thermo-mechanical reliability evaluation are described. High temperature power test shows that the presented package can perform well at the high junction temperature.
In order to increase the power density, reduce the parasitic parameters, and enhance the electrical, thermo-mechanical performance over wirebond packages, planar package is utilized to better take advantages of SiC device. This dissertation proposed a novel package, in which the interconnections can be formed on small dimensional pads and enclosed pads that may baffle the regular solder based connection in other planar packages. Electrical and thermo-mechanical tests of the prototype module demonstrate the functionality and reliability of the presented planar packaging methodology.
In this dissertation, together with the design example, the manual module layout design and automatic module layout design process are also presented. Furthermore, a systematic optimal design process and parametric study of the heatsink-fan cooling system by applying the analytical model is described. This dissertation also established a systematic testing procedure which can rapidly detect defects and reduce the risk in high temperature packaging testing. Finally, a wirebond module and a planar module are designed for 175 ºC junction temperature and 250 ºC junction temperatures. All the key concepts and ideas developed in this work are implemented in the prototype module development and then verified by the experimental results.
Filename Size Approximate Download Time (Hours:Minutes:Seconds)
28.8 Modem 56K Modem ISDN (64 Kb) ISDN (128 Kb) Higher-speed Access Ning_P_D_2010.pdf 2.76 Mb 00:12:45 00:06:33 00:05:44 00:02:52 00:00:14
If you have questions or technical problems, please Contact DLA.


Fujitsu develops facial detection AI to quantify concentration levels of people
It has touted that the technology can detect concentration across various tasks.
Fujitsu has developed a new AI model that it claims can capture and quantify how much a person is concentrating when performing tasks.
Conventionally, AI models that are designed to quantify concentration have been created by training algorithms to recognise the expressions and behaviours of people performing specific tasks, such as e-learning, Fujitsu explained.
Facial Recognition with business man
But since facial expressions and behaviour differ depending on the tasks involved and the cultural background in which each person grew up, this meant that it has been difficult to develop AI models that could analyse different, specific situations, the company said.
With its new AI model, Fujitsu claimed that it can detect a person's concentration across various tasks due to it identifying common features and separating analysis by each muscle group so it does not become easily influenced by the subjects' cultural backgrounds.
"The technology captures changes over a short period of a few seconds, such as a tense mouth, and long-term changes over periods of tens of seconds, such as staring intently, with time frames optimised for each action unit," Fujitsu said.
When building the AI model, Fujitsu collected data from 650 people across China, Japan, and the United States as part of its machine learning dataset. The dataset included information focused on people engaging in tasks, like memorisation and searching, that require concentration.
Using the newly developed AI model, the concentration levels of participants in each country was estimated for a series of tasks, and it was possible to estimate the degree of concentration with more than 85% accuracy, Fujitsu claimed.
In addition, when the developed AI model was evaluated using data that included both concentration and non-concentration due to drowsiness, Fujitsu said it was able to confirm declines in concentration due to sleepiness indicators.
Fujitsu hopes the latest AI model can be applied across various services such as online classes, online meetings, and sales activities, which have expanded due to the uptick of remote learning and working.
Across the globe, organisations such as the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) have condemned the use of faulty facial recognition systems. In a blog post last year, ACLU senior staff attorney Ashley Gorski said: "Over the last couple years, it's become increasingly clear that facial recognition technology doesn't work well, and would be a civil liberties and privacy nightmare even if it did."
Meanwhile, the Council of Europe published new guidelines at the start of the year that criticised the deployment of facial recognition technologies in workplace and learning contexts.
The watchdog advised that where the technology is used exclusively to determine an individual's skin colour, religious belief, sex, ethnic origin, age, health or social status, the use of facial recognition should be prohibited, unless it can be shown that its deployment is necessary and proportionate.
Under the same conditions, the Council of Europe said the ban should also apply to digital tools that can recognise emotions, detect personality traits, or mental health conditions, as they could be used unfairly in hiring processes or to determine access to insurance and education.
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text:
Hypertension, unassociated with cardiac or renal disease, so common in other countries, is uncommon in China. Attention has been called to this by Cadbury,1 Cruickshank,2 Kilborn3 and others, who have also shown that the average blood pressure of the Chinese is lower than the average for persons in other countries. In the Hunan-Yale Hospital, of more than 4,000 cases in the medical service department during the past four years, there has been only one diagnosed as essential hypertension, and, including the cases of nephritis and cardiac disease, not more than twenty with blood pressures over 160. During two years, 1918 and 1919, of 4,940 patients in the medical service of the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital,4 Boston, there were 236 cases of essential hypertension and 146 cases of chronic nephritis with hypertension.
It has been my impression and that of others on our staff that less hypertension is seen among the


text:
; adj. cameral or camaral)
One of the chambers within a chambered mollusc, e.g. a nautiloid (Nautiloidea) or ammonoid (Ammonoidea). In living cephalopods (Cephalopoda), e.g. Nautilus, the chambers contain gas at pressures ranging from about 0.3 to 1 atm (30–100 kPa). Some of the chambers may contain 'cameral fluid' which can be extracted by the siphuncle, allowing the animal to adjust its density according to the depth at which it is living.
Subjects: Earth Sciences and Geography.


a mantra
Attach One, Publish Many
Attach One
Every Berylium object can have exactly one data file associated with it, whether it be an HTML file, PDF, JPEG image, or WAV audio.
This seems like it might be a limitation, but it's really not. We could create an application using Berylium that allowed an author to attach a Word document, PDF, and Flash version of the same document to that document's object record.
But not just yet. In my ideal world, an author attaches a single content-rich file -- the raw materials, shall we say, that all other versions can be made from.
Then, using a combination of Berylium contexts (and/or the e99o media server, coming soon!) other versions are generated from the master file.
This works better for some things (images, audio) than others (Word to HTML conversion is nasty), so I may have to burst my bubble and allow multiple attachments someday. But, um, let's try not to.
Publish Many
This is the flip side of the single-master-attachment strategy. Because conversion from one format to another is often time-consuming, my goal is to convert the master data to oft-needed formats right up front, and publish static caches of that converted data in known locations.
For example, when you upload an image file, a thumbnail is generated and published alongside the static cache of the full-size image.
Berylium will automatically keep track of as many different versions of an object as you feel it necessary to publish.
Attach one, publish many. Let's see if it works.
By Chris Snyder on June 6, 2003 at 12:42am
jump to top


Posted On: Dec 8, 2020
Today we are introducing Amazon SageMaker Clarify to help machine learning developers achieve greater visibility into their training data and models so they can identify and limit bias and explain predictions.
Amazon SageMaker Clarify detects potential bias during data preparation, after training, and in your deployed model by examining attributes you specify. For instance, you can check for bias related to age in your initial dataset or in your trained model and receive a detailed report that quantifies different types of possible bias. SageMaker Clarify also includes feature importance graphs that help you explain model predictions and produces reports that can be used to support internal presentations or to identify issues with your model that you can take steps to correct.
Amazon SageMaker Clarify is available in all regions where Amazon SageMaker is available and comes at no additional cost. Visit the SageMaker Clarify product page or documentation to learn more.


You are here
Budgeted Optimization with Concurrent Stochastic-Duration Experiments
TitleBudgeted Optimization with Concurrent Stochastic-Duration Experiments
Publication TypeConference Paper
Year of Publication2011
AuthorsAzimi, J., A. Fern, and X. Z. Fern
Secondary AuthorsShawe-Taylor, J., R. S. Zemel, P. Bartlett, F C N. Pereira, and K. Q. Weinberger
Conference NameAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems 24
Date Published12/2011
Conference LocationGranada, Spain
Budgeted optimization involves optimizing an unknown function that is costly to evaluate by requesting a limited number of function evaluations at intelligently selected inputs. Typical problem formulations assume that experiments are selected one at a time with a limited total number of experiments, which fail to capture important aspects of many real-world problems. This paper defines a novel problem formulation with the following important extensions: 1) allowing for concurrent experiments; 2) allowing for stochastic experiment durations; and 3) placing constraints on both the total number of experiments and the total experimental time. We develop both offline and online algorithms for selecting concurrent experiments in this new setting and provide experimental results on a number of optimization benchmarks. The results show that our algorithms produce highly effective schedules compared to natural baselines.


Chemical weapons suppliers of Sardasht attack must be tried: Iran's Zarif
Iran has called on the international community to prosecute those responsible for supplying former Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein with chemical weapons which were used during the chemical bombardment of Iran's Sardasht during the IraqIran War.
Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif made the call on Sunday, which coincides with the 28th anniversary of 1987 chemical bombardment of the northwestern city of Sardasht, which killed over 100 Iranian civilians and injured hundreds of others.
Zarif called on the international community to carry out their "legal and moral responsibility" towards the victims and their families and facilitate the punishment of the perpetrators and supporters of such inhumane acts.
As an active member of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, the Islamic Republic of Iran, along with other member states, will keep on trying for the "total annihilation" of all chemical weapons in the world, Zarif said.
He added that Iran is one of the main victims of chemical weapons.
Sardasht was the third populated city in the world, after Japan's Hiroshima and Nagasaki, to be deliberately targeted with weapons of mass destruction.
It was also the first town in the world to be attacked with poisonous gas.
The actual death toll is far greater than announced. Nearly 5,000 residents of the town, which had a population of 20,000 at the time of the attack, are still suffering from serious respiratory and skin ailments and disorders.
Iraq once possessed a huge arsenal of chemical weapons, the production of which was partly facilitated by exports of chemicals from the United States and other Western countries.
There is no doubt that Iraq acquired the technology and the materials to develop chemical weapons from the US and a number of Western countries, which not only equipped the Iraqi regime with the tech but also supported it financially.
By Press TV


text:
Quartz grains were examined under a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to determine the geographic distribution of sediments from different sources in the western part of the Gulf of Gdańsk. Main source areas for sediment supply in the Gulf of Gdańsk are coastal cliffs bordering the western part of the Gulf, and the Vistula river entering the Gulf at the southern coastal border. Twelve samples of sediments from the Gulf of Gdańsk sea floor, five samples of Tertiary and Pleistocene deposits from eroded cliffs and three samples of sands from the Vistula river mouth were analyzed. All samples were sieved over 63 microns and 35 quartz grains of each sample were selected and analyzed usinga checklist of 40 grain parameters, including grain surface textures and grain shape. Frequencies of observed checklist variables were statistically analyzed and used to determine the transport history of the grains in each sample. The cliff samples and the river samples served as two end members in the analysis. The core samples were separated into different textural groups related to one of the two main source areas. The distribution of Vistula fluvial material and material eroded from cliffs in the western part of the Gulf of Gdańsk was determined. Results show that transport of sandy fraction material is not very strong within the gulf. Despite long shore currents sedimentation near the Vistula river mouth is dominated by the input of fluvial material. In the westernmost part of the gulf material eroded from the cliffs with admixtures of material of other origin predominates. It is evident that transport of sediments by waves and currents is responsible for the admixture of grains exhibiting subaqueous surface features. Sediments from several sources may have been redistributed during storms by waves and currents and on ice floes during heavy winters, however a strong local component is present.
|Journal||Prace - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego|
|State||Published - 1 Dec 1997|
- Baltic sea
- Gulf of Gdańsk
- Quartz grain surface textures
- SEM analysis
- Sediment sources