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When Gunnar Ovstebo and Andrew Ensoll landed in El Paso on August 1, they traded in 60-degree highs in Scotland for a chance to search the scorching Chihuahuan Desert for plants most people would walk right past. The horticulturists from Scotland's Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, were on a mission to find ferns that included remnants of those dominating the Earth hundreds of millions of years ago, before mammals, birds – and even dinosaurs – existed.
With the guidance of Wildflower Center Plant Conservationist Michael Eason, they hit pay dirt over a three-week span, making 35 collections of these flowerless plants in four counties.
The sites they visited ranged from stark, open scrubland outside Presidio, Texas, the lush "sky island" of Mount Livermore in the Davis Mountains and the northern lip of the Rio Grande River, a melting 106-degrees F during their visit. Ensoll glimpsed a mountain lion off in the distance at Big Bend National Park and they both marveled at the tenacity of a drought-damaged fern found on their first collection excursion behind Sul Ross State University in Alpine.
"It felt very sacred, these places we've seen through Michael's contacts. They're really gems of nature," Ovstebo said. "And seeing desert ferns in the wild will help us while trying to cultivate them back in Scotland."
The Norwegian oversees glass houses at the Edinburgh botanic garden where desert and other plants from arid regions are kept to brave Scotland's cold climate. Among the offerings available to visitors is a glass house with a Southwestern U.S. exhibit where creosote, desert willow and Chihuahuan Desert cacti are already on display. To the Southwestern exhibit, they will begin adding more than 30 different species of ferns found in August.
"Most people don't expect to find ferns in the desert," Ovstebo said, noting that "we're trying to challenge the public to think beyond the expected."
A river fern or a Boston fern with delicate, saw-toothed fronds is likely what many people envision when they think fern. But more than half of Texas' ferns and related species (pteridophytes) exist in its arid Western half, where water-conserving needs rule all things.
Clambering inside limestone canyons, along granite outcrops and elsewhere, the horticulturists came across a range of ferns, from the snowflake-shaped leaves of star cloak ferns, whose fronds resemble hands when closed up, to the stubby, flat fronds of wavy scaly cloak fern, to spike moss with its scale-like leaves clustered in spikes.
As alien as some of the plants looked, the biggest surprise came from their habitat, which differed from the shady, cooler crevices some ferns favor. "You have an image of where things should be growing," said Ensoll, a Brit who oversees the propagation of ferns at the Edinburgh garden. "But you couldn't actually touch some of the rocks the ferns were growing on without burning your hand."
Eason was equally impressed with the horticulturists' skill at recognizing ferns. "I've learned so much from them about the identification of ferns and their terminology," he said. "It's just something I never focused on while collecting seeds in Texas." Not that the identifications always came easily. Many of the ferns had to be baptized in water before becoming lifelike enough to recognize, and in some cases, months of work will occur back in Scotland to grow them up and confirm identifications. "On a lot of the ferns, the pinnae (frond segments) had shriveled up and curled around, and they'd have just snapped if you'd touched them," Ensoll said, immediately adding that "as soon as it rains, they'll expand and within 24 hours, they start coming alive."
Spores, unlike seeds, are single-celled, making it easier for ferns to produce thousands of the lightweight reproductive packets on the back of their fronds. With ferns in water-rich areas, the spore germinates and develops into a sexual stage that undergoes a fertilization step involving sperm swimming to an egg to produce a new plant. However desert ferns have evolved a quicker life cycle that bypasses the fertilization step to form another, spore-producing fern.
The horticulturists look forward to showcasing for the public diverse attributes of desert ferns such as their reproductive strategy – after growing up the Texas plants from spores over the next year. "We'll plant them out in the glass houses, which have lots of space for the ferns to run around the cacti and the rocks," Ensoll noted, recalling their sun-baked homeland. "But we definitely need to add more rocks first."
All photos courtesy of Andrew Ensoll, Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh.


Common-Pool Resources
Goods that typically possess a natural or constructed system of resources
What are Common-Pool Resources?
Common-pool resources (CPRs), also referred to as common goods, are goods that typically possess a natural or constructed system of resources. CPRs are non-excludable, meaning that individuals or populations typically can't be prevented from using them, even if they aren't paying for them. They are, however, rivalrous, meaning that their usage makes it more difficult for others to subsequently utilize them.
Common-Pool Resources
Congestion and Overuse
Common-pool resources often suffer from being overused or becoming congested by use. It is largely due to the fact that such resources usually possess a primary resource, or stock variable, as well as smaller units that can be extracted and used, or the flow variable of the resource. There are a number of resources that fall into the common-pool category, including:
 - Fisheries
 - Pastures
 - Irrigation systems
Example of Common-Pool Resources
With common-pool resources, overuse occurs because of subtractability (rivalry). For example, consider a pasture. If the land isn't necessarily privately owned and is shared between multiple farmers grazing their cattle, then the pasture is a common-pool resource because it can't be effectively exclusive to any of the farmers.
However, as cattle are rotated between areas of the pasture, each area then becomes substantially less valuable to every farmer down the line, with the potential for overgrazing that will make the pasture not usable for any cattle, at least for a period of time. Here, the general acreage of the pasture space would be the primary resource or stock variable and the grass, then, would be the flow variable.
Controlling Common-Pool Resources
In order to make sure that CPRs retain their non-excludability and to work against the tendency toward overuse or congestion, protocols are typically established. The protocols include important items such as the following:
 - Establishing the boundaries of the resource, making it clear what space is part of the resource
 - Agreements between all users of the resource (planned or expected), or making assurances that all potential users are aware of the space and rules
 - Careful monitoring of the resource
 - Penalties put in place to sanction users who don't abide by established agreements on the proper use of the resource
 - Some forum or plan of action for resolution of conflicts if/when they arise
With most common-pool resources, legislation, the establishment of rules, and conflict resolution are done at a local level so that the resources aren't opened up further to overuse or exploitation. The government typically only steps in or is involved if the resources are part of a trade agreement or if disputes over the resources exceed the ability of local officials to control.
In some cases, the government must be included so that overuse of the resource – or exploitation of it – doesn't harm the broader community or the country, or create a global impact.
Final Word
Common-pool resources are important. They offer a set of goods or resources that can essentially be accessed by everyone. The danger comes when such resources are overused or abused and become at least temporarily unusable or significantly less valuable to other users.
Additional Resources
 - Consumption
 - Giffen Good
 - Supply and Demand
 - Veblen Goods
Financial Analyst Certification


How the Nation of New Zealand Is Mourning
After a white supremacist gunned down nine African Americans attending a prayer service at a church in Charleston, South Carolina, President Barack Obama engaged the country in a moment of national mourning when he sang Amazing Grace at the memorial service.
Cultures all over the world have different ways of coming together to both grieve and celebrate the lives of those they have lost. Just a few days ago, a white supremacist attacked Muslims worshipping at a mosque in Christchurch, New Zealand, killing 50 people and injuring 50 more. The Māori people of that island nation have provided the people of New Zealand with traditional way of coming together to mourn their loss. It is called "haka," and various groups have been performing it in recent days, including everyone from students to bikers. Take a look:
The word that comes to mind as I watch those videos is "fierce." There is a reason for that, as is explained in this video.
The haka is a statement of national pride in the face of adversity and a celebration of the triumph of life over death. When performed by the people of New Zealand in the face of the recent terrorist attack, it obviously allows mourners to bundle everything from grief to rage and express themselves physically in a very powerful way.
There are obviously some issues involved with all of this when it comes to cultural appropriation. But it is fascinating to see that the majority culture in New Zealand has appropriated such a fierce statement of rebellion from the Māori people. Students from a school affected by the recent attack even performed a haka for Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern when she visited.
By contrast, the United States attempted in the past to wipe out native cultures, fueled primarily by a fear of that kind of ferocity. To this day, nothing threatens many white people more than a fierce (i.e., angry) black or brown person.
It is incredibly moving to watch the people of New Zealand incorporate the haka into their mourning process. There might be some things for all of us to learn from their practice.
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FOLKLORE PROJECTIONS OF THE HOLY SPIRIT FEAST
Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies
(Bulgarian Academy of Sciences)
Abstract: In the ecclesiastical Christian calendar, Holy Trinity or Holy Ghost is a moveable feast and is celebrated on the Monday after Pentecost, in May or June. In the folk calendar, this holiday marks the beginning of the so-called Whitsuntide or Midsummer Week (in Bulgarian Rusalska nedelya). It is believed to be the period of wood nymphs' special activity – during the week those supernatural creatures, who personify vegetation and greenery in the fields and the woods, provide the fertility of crops and vineyards. The analysis focuses on those notions and the respective practices, outlining that to a great degree Whitsuntide corresponds to the Dirty or Pagan days in the winter – the period between Christmas and Epiphany. As this is one of the most important periods in the agricultural calendar, it is bound with people's efforts to ensure fertility and water balance in their inhabited territory by offering sacrifices and propitiating the supernatural powers who are owners and hosts of vegetation and water resources.
Keywords: Whitsuntide, Wood Nymphs, Kurban, Water Source, Water Host

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Efficiency survival level builds on the Core level and makes you:
- More effective in planning
- Improves your time management
- Decreases your energy use, saves calories
- Extends the time you are able to survive
- Improves safety
- Enhances ability to get out or get rescued
Gear in this Level, some examples:
- Personal Survival Blanket – for enhanced safety
- Sven Saw – Small lightweight and very effective
- Personal Survival Tarp – Much faster shelter and is mobile
- Personal Survival Shelter – The most effective personal shelter available
- Speedy Stitcher – For easy lasting repairs to clothing, packs, shelter
- Basic purchased and configured hunting devices
The Efficiency level does not take anything away from the Core, but rather builds upon it, in other words when you build an Efficiency level of gear you don't leave the Core home, the Core is part of both the Efficiency level and the Comfort level. As these levels are built you will see that most items have several uses or purposes or can be used in assistance to another item.
The Efficiency survival items are very critical, particularly if the time out is extended or if conditions are brutal. One of the purposes of this level is to conserve energy, which lessens the quantities of food needed. Every action the body performs causes muscles and organs to burn calories, which of course are obtained from food or energy storage in the body itself. If you have a saw you are able to cut firewood or build shelter while burning much less energy. A byproduct of this conservation is avoidance of exhaustion. A person may build a personal shelter of raw materials in 3 or 4 hours, expending perhaps 1000 calories, or a Personal Survival Tarp or Personal Survival Shelter may provide the same shelter in 15 minutes burning 100 calories.


User account
Enter your College of Europe username.
Enter the password that accompanies your username.
Log in using your email address or your username.
For students this is your studentnumber, 2020xxxx, where xxxx is your number.
For staff this is either a number, or firstname.lastname, or flastname, where f is the first letter of the firstname. Or if you were a student before it could also be your number.
In case of problems, please consult the ICT helpdesk to find out what is your sam-accountname.


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From our friends at the BPL Southern History Department:
Getting the Most Out of the Census: Finding Ancestry Clues in Census Records, 1790 – 1940
The Birmingham Public Library (BPL) Southern History Department is hosting a workshop presented by Frazine Taylor on digging deeper into the information found in the censuses that even seasoned researchers overlook.
Ms. Taylor is the retired Head of Reference for the Alabama Department of Archives and History with over twenty years of experience as a librarian, archivist, lecturer, and writer. She is the author of "Researching Your African American Ancestor: A Resource Guide." One among Taylor's many honors is working on Tom Joyner's and Linda Johnson Rice's segments in the PBS series, "African American Lives 2."
This workshop does not require registration. Contact the Southern History Department of BPL at _PHONE_ for more information.
Event: "Getting the Most Out of the Census: Finding Ancestry Clues in Census Records, 1790 – 1940"
Presenter: Frazine Taylor
Date: Saturday, June 30, 2012
Time: 9:00 a.m. – 12:00 p.m.
Place: Central Library, Arrington Auditorium
Registration: Not required

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Malaysia – Protecting The National Cuisine
The Malaysian Tourism Minister's statement that Malaysia intends to stake its claim on recipes synonymous with the country's identity, has sparked controversy among the public. Reaction is especially high in Singapore, where people dispute the origins of certain dishes Malaysia intends to claim.
The Minister later said that Malaysia has no intention to patent local food: "We have to claim ownership on some dishes but I never said we must patent them."
This summarizes the state of IP awareness in Malaysia – confusion and ignorance. The Minister intends to claim proprietary ownership of the recipes, but maintained that the ownership will not mean domination of the product.
However, she was right in saying that Malaysia has no intention to patent the food, as it is impossible to patent food, although the Malaysian Patents Act 1983 does not actually prohibit the registration of a patent of a recipe. With the amount of variation and combination possible to prepare a dish, it is unlikely that it can be patented successfully.
This raises the question: how do we protect a recipe?
Lawyers and food consultants commented that it would be difficult for any country to lay claim to a certain dish. Generic names such as "chicken rice" would be rejected by the patent office. It is possible to stake a claim to a dish by geographical indication (GI) – Hainan, for example, can stake a claim for Hainanese chicken rice as it originated there.
This, however, does not offer any protection at all for recipes. The rationale is the same as patents. The amount of variety available for a dish will make it impossible for one to pin-point exactly the description of a dish which would enable it to be used as a GI.
The most appropriate way to protect a recipe is by a trade mark. Trade marks are not new in the food business. Trade marks like Coca-Cola, McDonalds and Subway have in fact gained international recognition, resulting in an indirect dominance of the recipes that they provided. Brands like Kentucky Fried Chicken, The Manhattan Fish Market and Old Town White Café do indicate the uniqueness of the dishes they provided, and the successful registration of the trade marks has resulted in what the Minister actually wanted – ownership of the dishes.
In light of this, it would be interesting to see how Malaysia goes about branding these famous dishes.


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An audio pioneer who has worked with the likes of Stevie Wonder, Bon Jovi and Pink Floyd, Stephen Ambrose is on a quest to perfect sound quality. His most recent innovation is a modification for ear buds, hearing aids and other in-ear devices that alleviates pressure and its subsequent "listener fatigue"—the discomfort and even pain some people experience with devices that seal the ear canal.
To better understand what led to this discovery, we must look back to Ambrose's musical career, which led to his founding of Asius Technologies. As a musician, Ambrose wanted an alternative to temperamental stage monitors, which required very particular volume controls to function properly, and gave distracting feedback.
His solution was to invent the Micro Monitor, the first in-ear sound monitor. Each Micro Monitor was custom-fit for each ear. The device helped to prevent feedback and ultimately replaced bulky sound equipment. A circuit in the Micro Monitors allowed each monitor to adapt to a musician's given environment.
"This circuit was an acoustic path that allowed the reverse pressures created in the back of the speaker to mitigate the harmful pressures caused in the ear canal," said Ambrose.
Ambrose also developed Micro Mics—microphones that could be mounted on instruments, replacing mics that picked up superfluous sounds.
Not only were the Micro Monitors and Mics efficient, they made costly stage equipment and transport unnecessary. They quickly gained popularity as well as high-profile users such as Diana Ross and Guns N' Roses.
"Very few concert goers realize that deafening sound volumes commonly experienced on stage sound horrible compared to performing the same music in a recording studio," said Ambrose. "My Micro Monitors brought studio fidelity to live performances."
But Ambrose came to realize that in-ear monitors caused discomfort after prolonged use. He purchased sound equipment to remove the audio fatigue and over-excursion caused by the devices, only to learn that these issues could not be engineered out of the sound mix, because their root was physiological.
In a paper presented at the Audio Engineering Society Convention in May 2011, Ambrose and his colleagues addressed the adverse effects of in-ear listening devices. They said that in-ear devices affect the natural acoustics of an open ear system:
"Audio speakers, when inserted and sealed in the human ear, can produce large oscillations in pressure within the ear canal, even when the speakers are operated at what would normally be considered modest input power. These pressures differ from the acoustical sound pressures as they normally exist in open air or in larger confined volumes."
The oscillating static pressures in the confined space of the ear canal cause an increase in sound pressure, which in turn activates a defense mechanism called the stapedius reflex (also known as the acoustic reflex). Ironically, the reflex dampens the incoming loud sound, which in turn causes the listener to turn the volume even higher, thus further increasing pressure in the ear.
The oscillating static pressures also strain the tympanic membrane (the ear drum). To make matters worse, there is an occlusion effect that causes a person's voice to boom in his or her own head. If you want to know what that might feel like, cover both of your ears and talk. Now, multiply that many times over and you have what musicians and hearing-aid users experience.
Ear strain solution
Ambrose's proposed solution is a synthetic membrane placed over a vent. The membrane is made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, Ambrose said, a material popularized as Teflon and Gore-Tex.
The membrane is designed to circumvent the pressure in the closed ear canal. It is made of flexible material that can change formation to help relieve the pressure. When the researchers tested the membrane within an ear bud, they observed decreased levels of static pressure oscillations, which in turn reduced sound pressure, therefore helping to avoid the activation of the acoustic reflex. Over-excursions of the ear drum were also reduced.
Building on this idea, Ambrose and his colleagues created a separate corrective device, the Ambrose Diaphonic Ear Lens. The ear lens is a seal that is inflated using the Asius Diaphonic Pump, another innovation by Ambrose and his colleagues. The inflatable seal expands to fit any ear and helps alleviate pressure on the ear canal. The pump harnesses power from the motion of the in-ear device itself, whether an iPod or a hearing aid.
A second paper presented by Ambrose and his colleagues at the meeting, explains how the diaphonic pump manipulates a small orifice known as a synthetic jet. A normal synthetic jet moves fluid, such as air, to exert force and is normally an open system. The fluids traveling between an energy source and a standard synthetic jet are not isolated, preventing the static pressure buildup necessary to power the pump.
To counter this, the researchers created a closed system. It encloses the opening from which the jet pumps its fluid, in this case air. "This closed system contains fluid pumped by the device and also contains the static pressure which the device generates," the paper said.
The resulting sequence is as follows: Music turns on, pressure from sound volume stimulates the pump, fluid is pumped through the synthetic jet and the seal inflates comfortably in the ear. There is no risk of over-inflation, or the pump being thrown off by quick volume adjustments.
The ear lens and the pump work together to provide a more comfortable feel than many standard hearing aids provide. The original devices Ambrose invented, which are still in use, seal both ears, decrease space and increase the amount of pressure in the ear canal. However, the pressure in the ear canal constricts the ear drum's movement, while the speaker increases strain on the ear drum, activates the acoustic reflex and encourages the occlusion effect. The Ambrose Diaphonic Ear Lens, which functions with the aid of the Diaphonic Pump, removes these negatives as well as the original problem, listener fatigue.
For Ambrose, this innovation has been a long time coming. He gives a lot of credit to Stevie Wonder for helping guide development of the initial innovation, and the influence Wonder has had on Ambrose so many years later in the quest for the perfect sound.
"His perception, music-wise and fidelity-wise, guided me for the first five years. He's the guy that made this happen," said Ambrose.
Explore further: Student-built innovations to help improve and save lives


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Definitions of act:
- noun: something that people do or cause to happen
- noun: a legal document codifying the result of deliberations of a committee or society or legislative body
- noun: a short theatrical performance that is part of a longer program
Example: "He did his act three times every evening"
- noun: a subdivision of a play or opera or ballet
- noun: a manifestation of insincerity
Example: "He put on quite an act for her benefit"
- verb: perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)
Example: "Think before you act"
- verb: be engaged in an activity, often for no particular purpose other than pleasure
- verb: be suitable for theatrical performance
Example: "This scene acts well"
- verb: discharge one's duties
Example: "She acts as the chair"
- verb: behave in a certain manner; show a certain behavior; conduct or comport oneself
Example: "You should act like an adult"
- verb: play a role or part
Example: "She wants to act Lady Macbeth, but she is too young for the role"
- verb: perform on a stage or theater
Example: "She acts in this play"
- verb: pretend to have certain qualities or state of mind
Example: "He acted the idiot"
- verb: have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected
Example: "How does your idea work in practice?"
- verb: behave unnaturally or affectedly
Example: "She's just acting"
Search for act at other dictionaries: OneLook, Answers.com, Merriam-Webster
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Animal therapy used to treat mental health inpatients
10 October 2017 13:05
Stroking rats provokes curiosity and questions
Stroking rats provokes curiosity and questions
Animals are successfully being used to treat Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder at a Manchester hospital.
A seven-week "animal magic" course of therapy uses dogs, rabbits and rats to treat patients with severe and long-term mental health conditions at North Manchester General Hospital.
Noah's ART (Animal Rescue Therapy) assists people in opening up about their problems.
Anyone with long-term mental health issues is reminded of the importance of pre-existing medical travel insurance.
Novel and engaging
Sharon Hall, 54, who set up the scheme, says: "A lot of the time the animals can be a real comfort - and the simple physical connection of holding or cuddling an animal can bring profound relaxation even at a time of major mental or emotional anguish."
Noah's Art is one of 35 mental health and well-being initiatives funded by £330,000 in grants from Manchester Health and Care Commissioning.
Ms Hall, a former mental health nurse, says the project helps patients break down barriers and start conversations.
"A lot of the session is non-verbal - and people can just sit and spend time with the animals enjoying a quiet bond," she says, adding that the feedback so far has been "quite magical".
The novel therapy even appeals to disengaged patients.
Occupational therapists at the hospital say the sessions are attracting men who wouldn't normally get involved in group activities.
'A ray of light'
Playing with Moose - a King Charles Cavalier Spaniel puppy - helped Ms Hall cope with the grief of losing her parents, prompting her to set up Noah's ART.
Moose is now used in the sessions along with Maggie - a Jack Russell - rabbits, guinea pigs, rats and even a mouse.
"When people can enjoy animals it can be that small ray of light that gives hope for enjoying other things in life too," Ms Hall added.


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From the point of view of Green Chemistry, polymer-based catalysts are very environmentally friendly. These catalysts can be used and recycled in green solvents such as liquid polymers and supercritical carbon dioxide. They can also be very selective.
In our recent studies, a series of α-w pyridyl-imine terminated polydimethylsiloxane ligands have been synthesized and characterized. It is interesting that these carbon dioxide miscible ligands form metallocyclic complexes when coordinated with copper(I) salt. Meanwhile, they provide perfect binding sites for copper (II) ions which then work as catalysts for more efficient aerobic oxidations of primary and secondary alcohols.


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- To teach people that people who are homeless are just like you and me. They just need us to love them and care for them.
- To teach everyone to treat people who are homeless like family because if you do that you will love them in all the right ways and you will treat them in all the right ways and care for them in all the rights ways.
- To teach people that no one should ever eat from a garbage can or live without a bed or a home and let them know that there are people that have to because they have no choice.
- To ask every person who will listen to help however they can to make life for people who are homeless better.
- To teach people that everyone can make a difference in the lives of others.


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- Available Now
September 3, 2008 Headliners Music Hall, Louisville, Kentucky
Moonalice poster by Alexandra Fischer
According to Moonalice legend, the tribe in Kentucky was especially talented. Kentucky nomads played incredible music. And the local hippies grew fantastic hemp. Unfortunately, they were all colorblind. That's why they used the same name for their hemp that they used for their music: Bluegrass. Smoke it if you've got it!
According to Moonalice legend, there is far more to the history of Louisville than you read in books. History books say that the first Europeans settled on Corn Island. What they don't say is that the Europeans actually bought Corn Island from the Moonalice tribe for $24 and a bag of microwave popcorn. Of course, it had a different name then. The tribe had named the island after their favorite crop — Hemp — but practiced crop rotation. It just happened that the fields were full of corn when the Europeans arrived. As a result, the Europeans missed out on the opportunity to invent hemp liquor. Fortunately, they went on to discover bourbon, instead. The rest, as they say, is legend.


Dog Growling When Sleeping
Our dogs look peaceful and adorable when they sleep until we hear them growling. You've probably seen it happen because all dogs do this.
They're in deep slumber and suddenly let out a scary growl as their legs twitch.
What could be the cause of your dog growling when sleeping? For one, it could be because they are having a nightmare.
We share with you if it's normal for dogs to growl when sleeping and whether dogs do dream.
We also discuss sleep startle reflex in dogs and what to do when your dog is growling when asleep.
dog growling in sleep
Is It Normal for Dogs to Growl When Sleeping?
Yes, it is perfectly normal for dogs to make noises such as growling when they are asleep.
Aside from growling, they may also be whimpering, barking, snorting, making licking and chewing noises, and howling as signs of dreaming.
Aside from vocalizations, they may also show gestures that indicate dreaming. These include twitching their legs, moving their legs, flickering eyes, wagging their tail, and an increase in breathing.
Both vocalizations and physical manifestations are considered normal when they are dreaming.
It's alright to wake them up if it seems like they are under a great amount of distress due to a nightmare.
You also want to wake them up when they start acting weird while they are sleeping just to make sure they are safe.
Do Dogs Dream?
Dogs sleep similarly to the way we humans sleep.
They do dream. And they have both good dreams and nightmares, replaying everyday activities like chasing, eating, and playing.
They enter a deep sleep stage where their breathing becomes more irregular and they have rapid eye movements (REM). This is when dreaming occurs.
It should also be noted that some dogs dream more than others, depending on breed and age.
However, dogs do not experience sleep paralysis. This condition is usually caused by sleep deprivation, one which is very rare in our furry friends.
In sleep paralysis, we get conscious before the brain "switches on," resulting in our inability to move. Thankfully, our furry friends won't have to experience this horror!
Sleep Startle Reflex in Dogs
When your dog growls in their sleep and wakes up immediately, this is called sleep startle reflex. It's instinctive in animals because of their tendency to react quickly to dangers.
Dogs always assume that the disturbance is an enemy rather than a friend since being wakened up could mean a matter of life or death for them in the wild.
It's normal for domestic dogs to carry wild traits like this. They can suddenly bite you when they are startled by your touch, so it pays to be careful if you need to wake your dog up.
This is also normal since dogs enter into REM quicker than humans. They also sleep more than humans do.
Like us, they cycle through stages of wakefulness, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and non-rapid eye movement sleep.
Studies also show that dogs can spend 44% of their time alert, 21% drowsy, and 12% in REM sleep. They also spend 23% in the deepest stage of non-REM sleep, called slow-wave sleep.
It's impossible to know how deep your dog's sleep is, so their startle reflex can be surprising.
In normal cases, your dog will come to their senses in a second or two and stop any sudden aggression
You should take note this aggression is not a conscious attack. They don't mean to harm you, it is just their instinct.
What to Do if Your Dog Is Growling When Sleeping
Here are some things you can do to help your dog when they are growling in their sleep.
Wake Them Up Gently
If you have to wake your dog up, call their name or clap your hands so they wake up before you even touch them.
Then, lightly tap them. You can do this with your hand if they're already awake, or with a stick.
Lastly, throw them a treat. This will allow them to wake up more peacefully every time.
Make Sure Your Dog Gets Enough Sleep
Dogs need about 14 hours of sleep daily to be active and healthy. As much as possible, don't disturb their nap time.
Otherwise, it could ruin their sleep cycle.
Let Your Dog Sleep in a Separate Room
If you sleep with your dog and they growl every time they dream, it might be time to put them in a separate room.
This will help you stay safe from sudden bites at night in case you touch them intentionally or unintentionally.
It's also better for them if they are light sleepers and get interrupted easily with your movements.
You can also crate them at night. Make sure their crate is big and comfortable enough, like this Life Stages Folding Crate, because this is their safe place.
Do Not Punish Them
Your dog's growling and sleep startle reflex cannot be resolved by shouting, scolding, or even being physical.
It will just create more anxiety and fear in them which they may exhibit when they are both asleep and awake.
Again, when they growl in their sleep, just call their name calmly and quietly.
Go to the Vet
If your dog seems to be in huge distress when they are asleep, it could be because they have anxiety, cognitive dysfunction, or are in pain.
Fears and aggression can be a result of a traumatic event in their lives. On the other hand, your dog may also be growling at night to protect themselves from further physical pain.
As dogs age, they also develop cognitive dysfunction that disrupts their sleep cycles. They can be more alert, nervous, and aggressive because of it.
Go to your vet so they can determine if there is a physical or cognitive reason behind the growling in their sleep.
Your Dog Isn't Aggressive!
It is normal for dogs to growl in their sleep because they are simply dreaming. Like us, dogs can have good dreams and nightmares too.
Getting woken up and being aggressive for a second or two is also normal for dogs.
If you wish to wake them up, you must be incredibly careful. Call their name before touching them. And gently soothe them.
You can also manage this by moving them to a crate or another room. This helps them get uninterrupted sleep while you stay in bed without worrying about being bitten by your dog.
If your dog seems to be in huge distress while sleeping or if the behavior is ongoing then seek the advice of your vet.
Find out more about puppies growling and other dog body language so you can understand your pup more.
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How does First to File affect multiple inventors?
How does first to file affect multiple inventors?
It used to be that if an author/inventor was not listed on the patent the author could lose the patent rights due to the multiple inventor rule.
For example, Advanced Magnetic Closures, Inc. v. Rome Fasteners Corp., 607 F.3d 817 (Fed. Cir. 2010).
Posted 2015-04-17T17:51:51.683
Reputation: 141
1entire case was misrepresentation by inventor and not allowing the original inventor its right. first to file is something different, good question we need some time to comeup with quality answer. – Pushpak – 2015-04-18T11:25:09.380
First to File doesn't have any impact.
Magnetic Closures was about inequitable conduct, effectively deliberately lying to the Patent Office about the inventorship of an application. Inequitable conduct can invalidate a patent. This rule hasn't changed.
Another part of the AIA did impact inventorship, and made correction of inventorship simpler: However, this doesn't enable correction of inventorship where the initial false claim was deliberate.
Posted 2015-04-17T17:51:51.683
Reputation: 166


text: Yawed flow conditions introduce unsteady loads in a wind turbine that affect generated power quality and fatigue life. An unsteady phenomenon of special concern is dynamic stall, due to the significant load fluctuations associated with it. Although the assumptions underlying blade element momentum (BEM) models are totally inadequate in yawed flow conditions, these models, modified with engineering models, are still widely used in industry. It is therefore relevant to assess the capabilities of BEM models in predicting the location of dynamic stall on the blade for a rotor in yawed flow conditions. A rotor model is placed in an open jet wind tunnel and tested in yawed flow conditions. The locations of dynamic stall on the blade of a rotor model as a function of the blade position are observed. Two experimental techniques are used; tufts glued to the blade and hot-film anemometry in the near wake. The results from the two techniques are compared and possible causes for differences are identified. Furthermore, the rotor model in yaw is modeled with a simple BEM model, utilizing a Gormont dynamic stall model. The regions of dynamic stall on the blades predicted by the BEM model are compared with the experimental results. The BEM model seems capable of a crude prediction of the dynamic stall locations found for the rotor model in yawed flow conditions.


Specify time structure for Heath-Jarrow-Morton interest-rate tree
TimeSpec = hjmtimespec(ValuationDate, Maturity, Compounding)
Scalar date marking the pricing date and first observation in the tree. Specify as serial date number or date character vector.
Number of levels (depth) of the tree. A number of levels (NLEVELS)-by-1 vector of dates marking the cash flow dates of the tree. Cash flows with these maturities fall on tree nodes. Maturity should be in increasing order.
(Optional) Scalar value representing the rate at which the input zero rates were compounded when annualized. Default = 1. This argument determines the formula for the discount factors:
Compounding = 365
Compounding = −1
TimeSpec = hjmtimespec(ValuationDate, Maturity, Compounding) sets the number of levels and node times for an HJM tree and determines the mapping between dates and time for rate quoting.
TimeSpec is a structure specifying the time layout for hjmtree. The state observation dates are [Settle; Maturity(1:end-1)]. Because a forward rate is stored at the last observation, the tree can value cash flows out to Maturity.
collapse all
Set the Number of Levels and Node Times for an HJM Tree
This example shows how to specify an eight-period tree with semiannual nodes (every six months) and use exponential compounding to report rates.
Compounding = -1;
ValuationDate = '15-Jan-1999';
Maturity = datemnth(ValuationDate, 6*(1:8)');
TimeSpec = hjmtimespec(ValuationDate, Maturity, Compounding)
TimeSpec =
 FinObj: 'HJMTimeSpec'
 ValuationDate: 730135
 Maturity: [8x1 double]
 Compounding: -1
 Basis: 0
 EndMonthRule: 1
Related Examples
See Also
Introduced before R2006a
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text:
Abstract Author: Han-Cheol Lim, Suhee Park, Hyun-Suk Kang, and Won-Tae Kwon
Abstract Title: A Diagnostic Case Study of the Extreme Summer Drought over East Asia in 1994
Abstract: East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is the largest, the most complex and energetic monsoon system in the world. It is basically caused by thermal contrast between land and ocean, but governed by a lot of factors due to not only the geographical uniqueness but also the nonlinear multi-scale interaction of atmospheric disturbances from mesoto planetary scales. Most countries in East Asia usually suffer from severe flood/droughts due to the interannual and/or intraseasonal variability of the EASM rainfall. During the last few decades since the late 1970s, East Asia experienced a record-breaking severe drought in 1994 summer. Previous studies demonstrated that a cause of this severe drought results from the absence of monsoon rainfall during July 1994 over the East Asia. In our study, the spatial and temporal characteristics of 1994 summer drought over East Asia were analyzed. A large-scale circulation as well as global SST anomaly pattern associated with the drought was also investigated. Furthermore, the relationship between the EASM activity and drought occurrence over East Asia for the 29-yr period of _PHONE_ will be shown. Based on our analyses, impacts of the EASM on drought over East Asia will be discussed at the workshop.


Open, closed, open
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Open, closed, open is a technique of playing snare drum rudiments, especially used during auditions.
Open, closed, open technique consists of beginning the rudiment very slow and controlled, speeding up evenly until at the maximum speed for the drummer, then slowing back down after maintaining that speed. Optimally, the drummer should end on the opposite hand as started, in case of alternating rudiments such as paradiddles. Also, the speed ended at should be approximately the same speed as the drummer began.


text:
EUFOR personnel in the Multinational Battalion are drawn from the armed forces of Austria, Hungary and Turkey. They continually train for a wide range of scenarios and maintain their high level of performance in a wide array of situations. The EUFOR Multinational Battalion recently completed a successful exercise confirming their ability to conduct medical evacuations of personnel via helicopter in a number of complex scenarios.
The Battalion Commander Lieutenant Colonel Daniel Wilfing commanded the Multinational Battalion during the exercise;
"The purpose of this exercise, is first of all to train our ability to react on different situations within the country (BiH)".
The Multinational Battalion is configured to respond to different situations as well as to train and exercise with the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina. If the situation requires, EUFOR can be reinforced by reserves provided by EU nations and NATO. This is exercised on a yearly basis through the exercise series 'Quick Response'.


text: However, it turns out that this loss of the sense of smell, known as anosmia, occurs for two very different reasons. Since the sense of taste is closely linked to the sense of smell, both take a steep dive during the plugged-up phase of an illness. When it comes to COVID-19, researchers have recently uncovered the surprising reason for anosmia as one of the earliest symptoms of infection. Rather than congestion, as with a cold or the flu, the loss of smell in people with COVID-19 occurs due to how the virus affects the nervous system. The good news is that for most patients, recovery from COVID-19 includes a return of their sense of smell.


text:
Young people involved in the P+L+U+S
(Please Let Us Stay) campaign
© D. Speirs
Hidden Children: the Story of State Care for Separated Children
During the past ten years, over 5,300 children have come to the attention of the authorities in Ireland, having arrived here without the company of either of their parents. Many of these children, referred to as 'separated children' or 'unaccompanied minors', have experienced war and violence; some have been trafficked or smuggled into Ireland. They come from a wide range of countries, including Nigeria, Somalia, Ghana, Angola, Rwanda, China and parts of the Middle East and Eastern Europe.


text:
New thesis investigates older adults' use of Everyday Technologies and its impact on everyday life
Hi there, Sarah Wallcook, PhD student at the Division of Occupational Therapy! On June 10 you will defend your thesis "Conditions of everyday technology use and its Interplay in the lives of older adults with and without dementia". What is the main focus of your thesis?
This thesis focuses on Everyday Technologies (e.g. travel ticket machines and systems, smart devices i.e smartphone, internet banking) as an inevitable, increasing and changing part of life at home and in society. These technologies may make aspects of everyday life more convenient for some people but more challenging for others. This thesis focusses upon older adults, especially people with dementia, to investigate what shapes the use of these technologies and how different aspects of everyday life outside home are impacted.
Which are the most important results?
This thesis found everyday technology use to be highly variable between different contexts: internationally, geographically (i.e. rural and urban) and personally (i.e. whether a person has dementia, lives alone, is reliant upon driving, has access to quality telecommunications infrastructures). These conditions and how they shaped a person's use of technology were found to impact upon people's participation outside home in ways that could both stabilize, but could also destabilize and threaten everyday life.
How can this new knowledge contribute to the improvement of people's health?
This knowledge is significant for improving people's potential to be included in society and to continue participating in all aspects of life outside home, for example shopping, banking, healthcare. To achieve an improvement in inclusion and participation it is important that technology is considered as a potential cause of problems in everyday life rather than as the solution to problems. Reducing the challenge of Everyday Technologies and the pressure to use them in society will better uphold the rights of older adults with and without dementia to participate producing societies that are more friendly for everyone.


text:
Looking for Cramster? Cramster is now Chegg Homework Help. Learn More
Fringe width in wavelength and frequency of a Fabry-Perot resonator for a laser given reflectance and distance of seperation.
The mirrors of a Fabry-Perot resonator for a laser are coated to give a reflectance of 0.99 and they are separated a distance of 1 m. Find the value of the fringe width in wavelength and in frequency at a wavelength of 633 nm.


text:
Hold up, buddy.
Johnson Hall was built in 1763 by the servants of William Johnson who at the time was the largest slaveholder in the north. It was made with a sawmill and a grist mill and had several tenant farmers working in the area.
It was made to look like it was made of stone but actually it was just painted to give that illusion; however houses on the other side were made of stone. It was believed that William Johnson was paranoid, since around this time was the end of the French and Indian War, so it was assumed it was his way of defending himself from an attack. The specific reason was unknown.
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Which famous people have you outlived?
Ernst Specker
Swiss mathematician
Died when: 91 years 302 days (1101 months)
Star Sign: Aquarius
Ernst Specker
Ernst Paul Specker (11 February 1920, Zurich – 10 December 2011, Zurich) was a Swiss mathematician.Much of his most influential work was on Quine's New Foundations, a set theory with a universal set, but he is most famous for the Kochen–Specker theorem in quantum mechanics, showing that certain types of hidden variable theories are impossible.
He also proved the ordinal partition relation ω2 → (ω2,3)2, thereby solving a problem of Erdős.Specker received his Ph.D. in 1949 from ETH Zurich, where he remained throughout his professional career.


text:
Rinish the Keep it Simple worksheet.
Read "The Meaning of Sarah Palin" (.pdf file).
Write a journal entry on the Sarah Palin article including at least one sentence answering each of these questions:
1. What is the main idea?
2. Where does the author state the main idea?
3. What evidence does the author give to support the main idea?


text:
Dec. 5, 2012 Carp stored in large tubs at Czech Christmas markets align themselves in the north-south direction, suggesting they possess a previously unknown capacity to perceive geomagnetic fields, according to a new study published December 5 in the open access journal PLOS ONE, led Hynek Burda from the University of Life Sciences (Prague), Czech Republic and colleagues from other institutions.
The authors photographed and analyzed the positions of fish in the traditional Czech Christmas market, where carp are stored live in large tubs prior to being sold for the holiday feast.
Their study included over 14,000 fish in 25 markets, and the majority of these fish were found to align themselves along the north-south axis. The fish were accustomed to human onlookers, and street lights and other potential disturbances seemed to have no effect on the orientation of the fish.
In the absence of other common stimuli for orientation like light, sound or the flow of water, the authors suggest that the fish most likely align themselves to geomagnetic cues.
Other social bookmarking and sharing tools:
The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Public Library of Science.
- Vlastimil Hart, Tomáš Kušta, Pavel Němec, Veronika Bláhová, Miloš Ježek, Petra Nováková, Sabine Begall, Jaroslav Červený, Vladimír Hanzal, Erich Pascal Malkemper, Kamil Štípek, Christiane Vole, Hynek Burda. Magnetic Alignment in Carps: Evidence from the Czech Christmas Fish Market. PLoS ONE, 2012; 7 (12): e51100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone._PHONE_
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.


What is the function of the hair shaft?
Quick Answer
Hair shafts have various functions, including regulating body temperature, protecting sensitive parts of the body from harm and facilitating the evaporation of sweat, according to Dartmouth University. Hair shafts are the visible part of hair on the surface of the skin.
Know More
What is the function of the hair shaft?
Credit: STEVE GSCHMEISSNER/SPL Science Photo Library Getty Images
Full Answer
Hair shafts protect the skin in a variety of ways. For example, the hair on the top of a person's head serves to protect the skull from excessive heat and cold. Hair shafts provide warnings in some instances. If an insect alights on a person's body, the individual often feels the presence of the insect due to the tingling of a hair shaft. Hair shafts in the form of eyelashes help to protect our eyes as well.
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What Connect the Dots Flexiboards Can Teach Your Children?
What Connect the Dots Flexiboards Can Teach Your Children?
Yuriy RubanikJanuary 15, 2020
At Smarty Dots, we want to help you improve upon the cognitive skills development of your children. We do so by providing you with fun connect the dots flexiboards, which are better than traditional whiteboards, that help nurture a sincere interest in learning under the guise of playtime. Kids love getting to draw things, particularly if they can never run out of space. That has made dry erase our chosen approach. How can this teach kids new concepts? Here's a quick guide.
Blank Dry Erase With A Trace Glueless Transparent Flexiboard
Letters and Numbers
ABCs and 123s are the basis for all sorts of aspects of our everyday lives. We perceive our world, our communication with others, and our own selves by way of letters and numbers, so it's very important to ensure that your kid has the right tools to develop a proper understanding of these. That is why our connect the dots flexiboards are available with patterns for numbers and letters (uppercase and lowercase) so that kids can practice these, while also enjoying a high degree of interactivity and creativity with the task. Kids tend to wander off the moment they realize they are being formally taught something, so these flexiboards give them the sense that they are actually playing, as they learn vital life skills.
Music Bases
Every parent wants to cultivate musical skills in their children. It's like wanting them to grow up to be a doctor, everyone wants their kids to be able to play musical instruments. Music is, simply put, a life skill that never fails to be important. That is why so many parents make sure that their kids are exposed to music at an early age and sign them up for lessons as soon as possible. A great way to complement their musical journey is to provide them with musical information they can actually interact with in a way they understand. A dry-erase music staff for them to practice writing and reading music will encourage them to learn music beyond their lessons, as well as provide them with a useful tool during the lessons themselves.
World Map Dry Erase With A Trace Glueless Transparent Flexiboard
You'd be surprised (or maybe not) at how much a kid can actually enjoy a map, especially one with which they can actually interact with and play with. A quest-like approach to learning geography, one in which kids can go over the different countries of the world themselves, is the perfect way to nurture that interest in the physical world that will be key in them wanting to learn more about it. Our Smarty Dots world map will be the best way to do so!
Connect the Dots Flexiboards
The interactive aspect of Smarty Dots connect the dots flexiboards can help kids remain focused on their own learning by making the task interesting, inviting, and exciting. By browsing through our varied selection, you will be able to find all sorts of interesting new ways for your children to keep learning beyond the classroom.
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text:
The Impact of L2 Students' Self-Efficacy on the Perception of and Approach to Their Academic Writing Practices in Their First Year of Study at an EMI University: A Longitudinal Case Study
Academic writing is a key skill through which students demonstrate knowledge of their subject areas and is most often the basis for assessing students' work (Uysal, 2010). Unfortunately, international second language (L2) students often find academic writing challenging and confusing. Students need to be able to deal with these challenges by drawing on their resources, that is by demonstrating self-efficacy. The current research aimed to explore how self-efficacy impacted on L2 students' perception of, and approach to, their academic writing practices, in their first year of study in New Zealand (NZ) universities. The study employed a longitudinal case study as its research methodology. Four study participants were interviewed regularly during the academic year. They also provided the researcher with their assignment instructions, marking criteria, and later, with the graded assignment and lecturer feedback. Findings indicate that the L2 learners' self-efficacy fluctuated throughout their first year of study, which, in turn, was reflected in the ways the participants approached and responded to the challenges of their written assessments at different stages of their studies.


text:
FISHHOLE CREEK. Fishhole (Fishole) Creek, also known as Jackson Branch, rises three miles north of Afton in extreme north central Dickens county (at 33°49' N, 100°48' W) and runs northeast for five miles to its mouth on the South Pease (or Tongue) River, in south central Motley County a mile north of the Dickens-Motley county line (at 33°51' N, 100°46' W). The local terrain is characterized by moderately steep slopes with locally high relief, surfaced by shallow to moderately deep silt loams that support mesquite and grasses.
The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article."FISHHOLE CREEK," Handbook of Texas Online (_URL_ accessed May 26, 2013. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.


text:
ANOTHER space "first" takes place in February when the space shuttle carries chilled Coca-Cola and Diet Coke into orbit. Astronauts will be asked to give opinions on flavour and carbonation.
Coke has flown in space twice before, but only at room temperature. In this case, the drinks will be chilled to 4 °C. The makers of Coca-Cola say the test will measure how taste perceptions change in space. "The Coca-Cola Company has always assumed the leadership role in the development of new technology," says the company.
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.


text: History can be studied at Buckingham as a Major. This means that you study two-thirds History and one-third Economics (or English Literature, Journalism or Politics). This is not a pick-and-mix degree; the minor subjects are designed to integrate with the History modules. The History Major is a new programme. It has been carefully designed and fine-tuned by Buckingham's team of experienced and high-calibre historians. The History Major offers outline and conceptual modules which concentrate on the period from 1800 to the present day – though we do study some earlier periods too. Students progress to study the history of history and to reflect on historical method. In the last part of the course we study historical documents and texts, and develop research and writing skills through a long essay and a dissertation. So the programme not only teaches history; it also teaches you to think historically and to research and write history. History is one of the five most popular subjects among UK university students, and with good reason. Having a historical perspective enables people to make sense of today's rapidly changing world. Employers like it, because history teaches you to think for yourself, to work under pressure, and to construct a coherent argument from the evidence. Historical research has never been more exciting than it is today, with the Internet making available so many treasures from the archives. The Economics modules examine decision-making in the context of a market economy, and the institutional supports for such an economy to operate effectively. They deal with cutting-edge issues, such as the problems of achieving macroeconomic and exchange-rate stability, and also issues from the wider economic field: the allocation of resources to health, and raising environmental quality, for example.


text:
v.lidar.mcc - Reclassifies points of a LiDAR point cloud as ground / nonground using a multiscale curvature based classification algorithm
MetadataShow full item record
v.lidar.mcc is a modified implementation of the Multiscale Curvature Classification (MCC) algorithm proposed by Evans and Hudak 2007. The aim of the MCC-procedure is to filter non-ground returns caused by vegetation cover from point clouds produced with any kind of LiDAR instrument (e.g. also instruments without intensity information). The basic principle of the algorithm is to classify those points as non-ground points which deviate more than a user-defined threshold (t) from a surface which was interpolated from the full point cloud as a thin plate (here implemented with a bilinear spline interpolation with Tykhonov regularization through v.outlier). Tension (f) and spline steps (s) parameter are passed to the relevant parameters in v.outlier. On each scale domain v.lidar.mcc calls v.outlier repeatedly until the algorithm converges, i.e. less than the amount of points (percentage of input points to the iteration) defined in the convergence threshold (j) are classified as non-ground points. Scale domains are defined in relation to the current region. With a number of scale domains (nl) greater than 1 scale domains are distributed evenly "around" the current region. With the default number of three scale domains, the first scale domaine uses half the resolution of the current region, scale domain two uses the current region and scale domain three uses 1,5 times the resolution of the current region.


text:
Barbed wire; Tables; Stools; Blackboards; Prisoners; Military personnel; Books
This page in Mitchener's diary from World War II includes a drawing of a POW writing lessons on a chalkboard or blackboard. Above the blackboard, Mitchener has written,"For the sake of knowledge - to ward off monotony." He has listed a number of...
The front plate of William Strickland's European architectural sketchbook. The sketch shows a watercolor drawing of a vine-covered monument with a Latin inscription. The translation reads: "Selected profane and sacred images of Britain and Roman...
Strickland's watercolor sketch of the Temple of Jupiter Stator. The sketch includes the ruins of the temple as well as the remains of archaeological excavations. The ruins are surrounded by Medieval buildings. A goat enters the excavation area.
Mrs. S. A. Vaughan sets forth to address those who deem Latin for girls unnecessary. This four-column argument contains a pencil notation at the top that designates its physical location in the Tennessee Historical Society holdings.
Monuments & Memorials; Basilicas; Popes; Domes; Latin cross-plan buildings; Plazas
William Strickland's watercolor sketch of the Basilica of St. Peter, Rome. Strickland gives handwritten descriptions and dimensions of the building porticoes. He describes the dome as being "decidedly ugly."
Large Butterfly quilt hanging from a clothesline. The quilt has alternating blocks of light and dark green set on point, so they appear as diamonds. A butterfly with brown-and-tan-checked wings is appliqued within each light green square.


From Syslinux Wiki
Revision as of 08:34, 28 December 2007 by Stappers (talk | contribs) (spam revert)
Jump to: navigation, search
What is MEMDISK?
MEMDISK is meant to allow booting legacy operating systems via PXE, and as a workaround for BIOSes where ISOLINUX image support doesn't work.
How can I use MEMDISK?
MEMDISK is an auxillary module used in conjunction with one of the SYSLINUX bootloaders, usually PXELINUX or ISOLINUX. You need a disk image as well as the memdisk file itself. As far as the bootloader is concerned, memdisk is the "kernel" and disk image is the initial ramdisk (initrd).
memdisk initrd=diskimg.img
... where, of course, diskimg.img is the name of the disk image file. The memdisk file and the disk image need to be present in the appropriate location (for PXELINUX, on your TFTP server, for ISOLINUX, in the /isolinux directory on your CD, etc.)
Normally, however, you would put something like following in the configuration file:
label dos
 kernel memdisk
 append initrd=dosboot.img
How should the image be constructed?
The image file should contain a disk image, either a floppy disk or hard disk image. The disk image can be compressed with gzip if you have MEMDISK 2.03 or later, otherwise it should not be compressed.
If the disk image is one of the following sizes, it's assumed to be a floppy image:
 368,640 bytes 360K floppy (DD 5.25")
 737,280 bytes 720K floppy (DD 3.5")
 1,222,800 bytes 1200K floppy (HD 5.25")
 1,474,560 bytes 1440K floppy (HD 3.5")
 1,720,320 bytes 1680K floppy (HD 3.5" extended format)
 1,763,328 bytes 1722K floppy (HD 3.5" extended format)
 2,949,120 bytes 2880K floppy (ED 3.5")
For any other size, the image is assumed to be a hard disk image, and should typically have an MBR and a partition table. It may optionally have a DOSEMU geometry header; in which case the header is used to determine the C/H/S geometry of the disk. Otherwise, the geometry is determined by examining the partition table, so the entire image should be partitioned for proper operation (it may be divided between multiple partitions, however.)
It is also possible to specify the geometry manually, overriding the autodetect feature, by specifying the following command-line options:
 c=number Specify the number of cylinders (max 1024*)
 h=number Specify the number of heads (max 256*)
 s=number Specify the number of sectors (max 63)
 floppy[=number] The image is a floppy disk image**
 harddisk[=number] The image is a hard disk image**
 \* MS-DOS only allows max 255 heads, and only allows 255 cylinders on floppy disks.
 \*\* Normally MEMDISK emulates the first floppy or hard disk. This can be overridden by specifying an index, e.g. floppy=1 will simulate fd1 (B:). This may not work on all operating systems or BIOSes.
MEMDISK version 2.13 and later also supports the following options:
 ro Make the simulated disk readonly.
 raw Use raw access to protected mode memory.
MEMDISK normally uses the BIOS "INT 15h mover" API to access high memory. This is well-behaved with extended memory managers which load later. Unfortunately it appears that the "DOS boot disk" from WinME/XP intentionally(!) crashes the system when this API is invoked. This command-line option tells MEMDISK to enter protected mode directly, whenever possible. It may, however, break other things.
 bigraw Use raw access to protected mode memory, return to big real mode.
(New in 3.08) This is like raw, but leaves the CPU in "big real mode" afterwards. This may work for some systems when the raw option doesn't.


Taking food to and from the Pacific islands
It is very important to keep food safe while taking it between New Zealand and the Pacific Islands. Food is often shared so if it's not safe, it can make many people sick. Food can go bad and make people sick if it is kept warm for more than two hours. The total time of a trip, including time travelling to and from the airports at either end of the flight, time at the airports and during the flight is long enough for food to go very bad.


text:
2019 VLGAA Conference: Audit Considerations for Personally Identifiable Information and Cybersecurity
May 20, 2019
In 1988, the Virginia Local Government Auditors Association (VLGAA) started as a small group of local Virginia government auditors that shared methods and common experiences during audits. Over the years, this small group has developed into a formal organization with over 100 members statewide. The 2019 VLGAA Spring Conference continued to deliver this message, by enlisting the help of speakers from a variety of backgrounds. These included SC&H Group, the City of Chesapeake Audit Services Department, Guidehouse, and the City of Virginia Beach.
The range of topics included a summary of changes to the Yellow Book Government Auditing Standards, Performing a Value Added IT audit, and Energy Audits. In addition, SC&H had the opportunity to present on auditing considerations for Personally Identifiable Information (PII) and Cybersecurity. For additional information regarding these topics, refer to our previous blog posts Managing the Protection of Personally Identifiable Information and Don't Let the Next Cyberattack Be Yours.
Topics of Interest
Government Auditing Standards – Yellow Book Changes
Presented by Jay Poole, City Auditor, City of Chesapeake
- New Format and Organization: The Government Accountability Office (GAO) reorganized and realigned the Yellow Book chapters to better differentiate requirements from application guidance. This allows audit practitioners to more clearly understand Yellow Book aspects that they must comply with versus those they should consider as guidance. Required components are now clearly distinguished by a "black box" around the associated language.
- Ethics, Independence, and Professional Judgement: These topics, contained within Chapter 3, have been updated to clarify the independence expectations of internal auditors. These requirements focus on:
- Independence of Mind (Yellow Book 3.21.a), which allows the auditor to conduct an engagement without compromising their professional judgement
- Independence of Appearance (Yellow Book 3.21.b), which allows a reasonable third party to assume that the integrity, objectivity, or professional skepticism of an audit organization/team has not been compromised
- Reevaluation of threats to independence whenever the audit organization becomes aware of new information or changes in facts and circumstances (Yellow Book 3.28)
- Fieldwork Standards for Performance Audits: Chapter 8 of Yellow Book includes the updated requirement 8.04 with states that "Auditors must plan the audit to reduce audit risk to an acceptably low level." Section 8.16 defines audit risk as "the possibility that the auditors' findings, conclusions, recommendations, or assurance may be improper or incomplete as a result of factors such as evidence that is not sufficient or appropriate, an inadequate audit process, or intentional omissions or misleading information because of misrepresentation or fraud." Achieving this requirement is best accomplished through diligent, well documented planning procedures conducted by a competent auditing team in accordance with Yellow Book guidance. Documentation is key to supporting that appropriate procedures were taken to reduce audit risk in a performance audit.
Basics to Performing Value-added Information Technology (IT) Audits
Presented by Edwin Caron, Management Consultant, Guidehouse
- Defining a "Value-Added" IT Audit: This portion of the presentation defined what is considered "value-added". In summary "value-added" is subjective, per organization, based on perspective of what the organization is seeking in an IT Audit. The way auditors add value to organizations is through an independent and objective analysis of control activities. The goal of the analysis is improve the control and governance processes to achieve the organizational strategies and objectives.To add value, the auditor should implement a risk-based approach. This risk-based approach will help the auditor to focus on specific areas of concern or considered at-risk. This will reduce the unnecessary review of areas that may not pose a significant threat to the organization. Development of a risk-based approach is based on a formal risk assessment methodology that helps determine why a specific process area should be audited. Specifically for IT Audits some key items to determine during the IT risk assessment phase is:
- Frequent system issues?
- How sensitive is the data within the system?
- What are some of the common or inherited controls associated with the process?
- Defining IT Audit Universe: Based on the risk assessment, a determination of what should be audited is developed. The audit plan, contains an inventory of specific audit areas in one centralized location. The audit plan may include focus areas such as:
- IT Governance: Policies and procedures, IT strategic plan
- Operations: Data centers, configuration of IT devices, system backups
- Third Party Service Providers: Cloud service providers, consultants, telecommunications
- Applications: Business software, micro-systems (ex. excel and personal databases)
- Mobile: Cell phones, tablets
- Security: Security awareness, physical and logical security
- Risk Management: Mitigation measures, risk assessment
- Data: Quality, classification, database administration, data protection
In summary, to add value to IT audits a "risk based" approach should be taken that helps determines the priorities of audit areas. These audit areas are linked to critical risks that is associated with specific business objectives and processes that helps prioritize the risks.
Overall the 2019 VLGAA Conference included information sessions that provided valuable auditing strategies and updates on authoritative guidance. Each of these sessions reminded the attendees the importance of protecting Virginia's data and services and SC&H was proud to contribute as a presenter.


text:
Titanium Dioxide Enhances Materials That Protect Your Home
As new technologies emerge, roofing systems evolve to reduce energy costs associated with cooling buildings and to maintain a consistent, comfortable interior temperature.
Long-lasting roofs and siding are made possible with high-quality titanium dioxide (TiO₂), which helps to increase their aesthetics and function—even in hot, sunny environments.
Plastic roofing membranes are used on large commercial and industrial buildings, providing:
- Resistance to the effects of outdoor exposure
- Sunlight reflectivity, lowering building temperatures
- A long lifespan and return on initial investment
When a white roof membrane includes high-quality TiO₂, building owners benefit from more protected, durable roofs that better resist UV degradation. The membranes also yield energy savings from infrared reflection and can contribute to heat island reduction. The energy savings a building yields from installing white, reflective roofing membranes are significant, as these opaque, reflective coatings can significantly lessen the energy required to cool the building.
Like roofing membranes, roofing shingles manufactured with a high-quality TiO₂ gain maximum reflectivity and protection from deformation. TiO₂ provides durability while helping shingles maintain the mechanical strength to counter brittleness and breakage and withstand extreme temperatures. That protection leads to less maintenance and fewer replacements.
Roof coatings containing high-quality TiO2 better resist the effects of UV exposure, protecting your roof from fading, chalking, or mechanical integrity issues. Coatings enabled by highly durable TiO2 protect metal roofs, which can be significant investments, over their lifetime. White roof coatings can also contribute to reduced energy expenditure. Learn more about Ti-Pure™ solutions for reflective roof paints.
Siding requires UV resistance to protect from fading, unwanted chalking, and deformation. Ti-Pure™ TiO₂ protects siding from UV degradation and reflects infrared to avoid heat damage. Siding made with high-quality TiO₂ is better protected from sun exposure over time, because titanium dioxide provides protection from color fading and warping, while its solar reflectivity keeps the inside of the building cooler.


The Difference Between Acceptance and Agreement
The easiest and perhaps the most concrete way to incorporate Improv Theater techniques into daily living is by understanding and adopting the concept of YES…AND. For improvisers, YES…AND serves the same purpose as the North Star does for sailors: that of a guiding light and a way to keep moving forward, even though the outcome of the journey is uncertain.
The fundamental Improv principal is that there is a difference between ACCEPTANCE and AGREEMENT. It trains us to take what we are given and build on it. Brought into our everyday lives, the concept of YES…AND allows us to deal with things as they are, not as we wish they were. We may not agree with what is said or done, but we need to accept it because that is reality. Because of YES…AND, improvisers never seem stuck or off-balance. They don't spend time judging what they've been given or evaluating their response. They simply ACCEPT what they are given and ACT on it. In other words, improvisers understand the distinction between ACKNOWLEDGEMENT and APPROVAL.
IMPROV TECHNIQUE TO PRACTICE: Pay attention to all the times YES…BUT is used by you and by others around you. Develop the habit of substituting YES…AND wherever and whenever you can
HERE'S WHY IT WORKS: By training yourself to substitute YES…AND for the more common, and almost reflexive, YES…BUT, you can transform any relationship from a zero-sum game, where someone has to be right and another has to be wrong, into a dialogue where complementary, different and even opposing opinions can co-exist. You become better able to co-create with others who are allies. You also become adept at staying in dialogue with someone you disagree with. This gives you a better shot at a mutually satisfactory outcome whenever you are in communication with someone else.
Instructions can be found on p.115 of my book, "Playing Along: 37 Group Learning Activities Borrowed From Improvisational Theatre".
Thanks for playing along! Stay well and mirthful.


text:
Make a Ten St. Patrick's Day Freebie: looking for a fun way to get kids counting on St. Patrick's Day? Use this fun free activity to get them making ten on the ten frames and completing the number sequence.
There are two activity pages in the pack, one gets the kids building numbers to five and one to ten.
- Print, photocopy and hand out!
- I like to do a class review with all the students just so they get the hang of this activity.
- Students work alone or in pairs, ask them to count the dinosaurs they see in each box. Then ask "how many more do we need to make 10?". This gets them thinking about their numbers, they count on from the number they finished on in the boxes.
- They then write the number sequence.
This activity was made using clipart from DORKY DOOLES.
Before you download this free pack, you agree to the following:
- This set is for personal / classroom use only.
- All clip-art used in this pack are used with permission.
- This printable may not be sold, hosted, reproduced, or stored on any other website or electronic retrieval system.
- All materials on this website are copyright protected.
- You may not distribute this resource to a large number of teachers / personnel. Please refer them to this website to download their own copy.


text:
Pub. date: 2009 | Online Pub. Date: January 26, 2009 | DOI: 10.4135/9781412964623 | Print ISBN: 9781412936361 | Online ISBN: 9781412964623| Publisher:SAGE Publications, Inc.About this encyclopedia
Douglas Edwin Thomas
Desounen (also sometimes written dessounin) is an important ritual of death that is observed by Vodu practitioners in Haiti. It has its origins, like much of the Vodu religion practiced in Haiti, among the Fon people of Dahomey (Republic of Benin), West Africa. It is the first among several rituals performed after the death of a Vodu initiate and can only be conducted by a Houngan (priest) or a Mambo (priestess). This entry looks at the belief and practice and its roots in Fon cosmology. The word desounen is French in origin and implies the extraction of sound from a voice and, by extension within the world of Vodu, the removal of the life substance from the body. The life substance or spiritual entity is removed or extracted immediately following the death of a Vodun practitioner. This delicate ritual is meticulously carried out by a priest who is familiar mèt...


My first function
Hi there!
I've been trying to code my first function with no succes and i think that the solution might be in front of me.
This is a simplificcation of my data
Ticker metric1 metric2 metric3
HD 1 3 4
WMT 6 8 2
NVDA 1 2 3
I would like to make a list of every "Ticker" and thieir possible values, like this.
HD 1
HD 3
HD 4
To do so, i created my first function but when i try to rbind the information i dont have dataframes, only a list of items and i can work with it.
metrica <- function(x) {
 x <- yahoo %>% select('Ticker','metric'=x+1)
n <- length(colnames(yahoo))-1
total <- rbind(lapply(1:n,metrica))
Why is it displayed as a list? There is something wrong with my code?
Thank you!
I am not exactly sure what the end result is you are trying to get to, so it is hard for to manipulate your data to get there.
Your function results is a tibble. When you called lapply, the tibbles were placed into a list objects. You then called rbind, which bound the lists together.
If all you want is to gather all the metric values into a single column, a gather should be sufficient. The following code will do the job. The last line will delete what were the column names, to make it more similar to your desired results.
yahoo %>%
 key = "metric",
 value = "val") %>%
Created on 2020-05-30 by the reprex package (v0.3.0)
1 Like
I fully support using an existing function to do this if the outcome is all that matters. If the goal is to learn about function, then I suggest modifying the function as follows.
yahoo <- data.frame(Ticker = c("HD", "WMT", "NVDA"),
 metric1 = c(1,6,1), metric2 = c(3,8,2), metric3 = c(4,2,3))
metrica <- function(x) {
 yahoo %>% select(1, Value = x + 1)
n <- length(colnames(yahoo))-1
total <- bind_rows(lapply(1:n,metrica))
#> Ticker Value
#> 1 HD 1
#> 2 WMT 6
#> 3 NVDA 1
#> 4 HD 3
#> 5 WMT 8
#> 6 NVDA 2
#> 7 HD 4
#> 8 WMT 2
#> 9 NVDA 3
What you were trying to do inside the select() function by setting'metric' = x + 1 will not work. It is easier to just use the numeric positions of the desired columns. I did use the select() function to rename the second selected column, so the data frames would all have the same column names and could be bound together.
Thank you, FJCC. I did not know about gather, so i will use that instead of my function.
I will have in mind your corrections, in order to be better in my next function.
Thank you for your time!!
Thank you! I did not know about gather function, and it was all that i needed. You saved me a lot of time!
Thank you!


Rice University logo
Top blue bar image Educational Technologies
Webcast Event Details
Keck Seminar: Cell Shape Change: Bridging Genetics, Biochemistry and Mechanics
Anna Sokac, PhD, Assistant Professor, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine
date:4:00PM US Central (GMT −0500)
Friday, December 6, 2013
location:BRC Auditorium, BioScience Research Collaborative Building, Rice University
sponsor:Gulf Coast Consortia
Cell shape is critical to cell function, and cells must reliably change or maintain shape as circumstances demand. Yet despite a central role in development and homeostasis, cell shape is poorly understood. Our lab is studying several aspects of cell shape change in early Drosophila embryos. Specifically: 1) How are sub-cellular systems, from nucleus to cell surface, integrated to accomplish cell shape change? 2) How are materials, like actin and membrane, moved around? 3) Can mechanics coordinate remote cell surface events? 4) What determines the kinetics of cell shape change? 5) What are the robustness promoting mechanisms that ensure reliable cell shape change, even under stressful conditions?
We pursue this work because we are fascinated with how cells move and do their jobs. Since failed cell shape change precipitates devastating health burdens, as in cancer and birth defects, our efforts can aid in developing future clinical interventions and prevention strategies.
more info:Gulf Coast Consortia
watch:There is no archive media for this event.


Our vision is to help break the cycles of homelessness through providing employment and housing solutions in WA.
The Underground Collaborative is a social enterprise in Perth that exists to provide employment and housing solutions for people experiencing or at-risk of homelessness. But we can only achieve this through collaboration – with our community, relevant industries, government and service agencies.
Our mission is to educate, empower, and provide sustainable employment and housing for people experiencing or at-risk of homelessness.
We are passionate about equal rights and the inherent value of people – their dignity, respect and freedom. We strive towards applying these beliefs, and is our motivation to everything that we do.
What is a social enterprise?
A social enterprise, as defined by Social Traders, is a business that trades to intentionally tackle social problems, improve communities, provide people access to employment and training, or help the environment.
They are:
 - driven by a public or community cause, be it social, environmental, cultural or economic;
 - derive most of their income from trade, not donations or grants;
 - use the majority (at least 50%) of their profits to work towards their social mission.
Despite common belief, social enterprises are not charity organisations; they may often work with charities to distribute their profits, but are in fact, not one themselves.
In an Australian context, there is no legal structure that defines a social enterprise. Therefore, they can be a not-for-profit, company limited by guarantee, co-operative, company, or hybrid.
The most common impact models of a social enterprise:
 1. Product / Service Model (e.g. Hire Up)
 2. Employment Model (e.g. STREAT, The Underground Collaborative)
 3. Value / Supply Chain Model
 4. Revenue / Profit Model; i.e. donating profits with a charity / NFP (e.g. Thankyou)
 5. Equity Model – NFP owns the business; i.e. they own the business as an asset (e.g. op-shops owned by Salvos, Charcoal Lane restaurant owned by Mission Australia)
Like all businesses, social enterprises operate in commercial markets, generating a profit from their trade. However, unlike other businesses, they exist to fulfil their overriding and specific social purpose.
This is at the heart of every social enterprise, driving everything it does. By supporting The Underground Collaborative, you are helping to break the cycle of disadvantage, and strengthening communities.


text:
The International Society of Urological Pathology in 2010 recommended weighing prostates without seminal vesicles (SV) to include only prostate weight in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density (PSAD) calculation, because SV do not produce PSA. Large retrospective cohorts exist with combined weight recorded that needs to be modified for retrospective analysis. Weights of prostates and SV were separately recorded in 172 consecutive prostatectomies. The average weight of SV and proportion of prostate weight from combined weight were calculated. The adjustment factors were then validated on databases of 2 other institutions. The average weight of bilateral SV was 6.4 g (range = 1-17.3 g). The prostate constituted on average 87% (range = 66% to 98%) of the total specimen weight. There was no correlation between patient age and prostate weight with SV weight. The best performing correction method was to subtract 6.4 g from total radical prostatectomy weight and to use this weight for PSAD calculation. The average weights of retrospective specimens weighed with SV were not significantly different between the 3 institutions. Using our data allowed calibration of the weights and PSAD between the cohorts weighed with and without SV. Thus, prostate weight in specimens including SV weight can be adjusted by subtracting 6.4 g, resulting in significant change of PSAD. Some institution-specific variations may exist, which could further increase the precision of retrospective analysis involving prostate weight and PSAD. However, unless institution-specific adjustment parameters are developed, we recommend that this correction factor be used for retrospective cohorts or in institutions where combined weight is still recorded.
- PSA density
- seminal vesicles
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Pathology and Forensic Medicine


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am trying to show that the following equation system:
$$e^u+e^v+2-4e^{x^2-y}=0$$ $$\sin u+xu-v^4-y=0$$
Does not define $(y,x)$ as a function of $(u,v)$ implicitly around $(0,0,0,0)$.
Attempt What I tried to do was find $u,v$ such that in a small radius of (0,0,0,0) the equation would have no solution. My best guess was $u=0, v=R$ (where $R =$ radius), but I had difficulty showing that the system then has no solution.
Help would be appreciated, and thanks in advance!
share|improve this question
Differentiate implicitely with respect to u and v and evaluate at 0. Then see if the Jacobian matrix is singular. – PAD Jul 5 '12 at 7:32
We hadn't learned this technique yet (this is a question from a former exam I'm prepping with)... is there another solution? – ro44 Jul 5 '12 at 7:41
_USER_ You need to use the implicit function theorem. – fpqc Jul 5 '12 at 7:49
_USER_: I know a version of the implicit function theorem that would let me prove this is an implicit function, but not one that would let me prove it isn't. Is there something I might be missing here? – ro44 Jul 5 '12 at 7:52
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2 Answers
up vote 1 down vote accepted
You have the right idea. Setting $u=0$ simplifies the system to $e^v+3=4e^{x^2-y}$, $y=-v^4$. The key observation is that the exponent $x^2-y$ cannot be negative, and this is a problem for the first equation when $v<0$.
share|improve this answer
Oh! I missed the fact that $y=-v^4$, thought it was $y=v^4$. – ro44 Jul 5 '12 at 16:40
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The implicit function theorem guarantees you a nice solution $x=x(u,v)$, $\ y=y(u,v)$ with $x(0,0)=0$, $\ y(0,0)=0$ if a certain "technical condition" is satisfied, but has nothing to say if this condition is not satisfied (which is the case here).
On the other hand we can go and solve the system for $x$ and $y$ explicitly. From the second equation we deduce $y=x u+\sin u-v^4$, and plugging this into the first equation gives $$e^u+e^v+2=4\exp(x^2-x u-\sin u+v^4)$$ or $$x^2 - xu -\sin u +v^4-\log\Bigl(1+{e^u-1\over4}+{e^v-1\over4}\Bigr)=0\.$$ This is a quadratic equation for $x$ which you can solve explicitly, but it might have complex solutions for some $(u,v)$ near $(0,0)$. Maybe you don't allow this.
To see what happens we retain only the terms of order $\leq2$ in $u$ and $v$. We then have the equation $$x^2-x u-{5\over4}u-{1\over4}v-{1\over32}(3u^2-2u v+3v^2)=0$$ with the formal solutions $$x={1\over2}\Bigl(u\pm\sqrt{5u+v+{\rm quadratic\ terms}}\Bigr)\.$$ Here the radicand is negative on one side of a quadric going through the origin of the $(u,v)$-plane. This implies that in the immediate neighborhood of $(0,0)$ there are points $(u,v)$ to which correspond no real $(x,y)$ solving the given system of equations.
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