What Does It Mean When A Hamster Stands Up?
Have you noticed that every now and then your hamster will stand up on their two back legs? Is this something you need to worry about? What Does It Mean When A Hamster Stands Up?
Hamsters will stand up on their back legs to have a good look and listen to things around them. They will also stand up when they are grooming themselves. If your hamster stands up as you approach them this is a sign of defensive behaviour.
Why Does My Hamster Stand On Its Hind Legs?
A hamster will stand on its hind legs to help them explorer their surroundings. By standing they can get a better view around them and have a good sniff as the air is most likely more free moving.
A hamster standing on its hind legs is also known as meerkating because they exhibit the same posture as a meerkat.
It is very important when a hamster is standing that you do not approach them and try to pick them up as they might show some aggression towards you. At this stage your hamster is in a exploring mode and they do not want to be distracted. If this is the case do not worry because it is normal for them to act this way.
They are in this hunting mode usually because they can smell or see something that is interesting, usually food related. Below is a video showing a hamster standing on its hind legs.
YouTube video
Why Is My Hamster Standing Perfectly Still?
A hamster will stand perfectly still if they have smelt or heard something interesting or threatening and they are not sure where it is. This behaviour is witnessed commonly in wild hamsters, but also domestic hamsters.
It is also common for them to stand perfectly still for minutes at a time. This is a natural for them to do, it has most likely been inherited from wild hamsters because they are seen as prey in the wild and they stay perfectly still to avoid predators.
If your hamster is standing perfectly still you can approach them slowly and gently pick them up, make sure not to scare them and they should start to move around again.
Hamster Falling Asleep Standing Up
If your hamster is falling asleep while standing up it is usually because they have fainted or have not had enough quality sleep recently.
It is not common for hamsters to fall asleep standing up, if they do it once or twice it is nothing to be worried about.
If they are frequently falling sleep standing up then there is most likely an issue that needs to be looked in to. You will need to look at the following two items.
Monitor Sleep Pattern
A healthy hamster requires between six to eight hours of sleep a day. Hamsters also sleep during the day so it should be easy to monitor how much sleep they are having.
YouTube video
During the day keep a record of how much sleep they are getting. It is usual for them to get up a few times during their sleep to go toilet and have a drink.
If they are frequently having less then six hours a day you should take them to the vet as soon as possible.
Typically when a hamster faints they will fall or jump because they are not sure what is happening to them and they are scared.
It should be pretty obvious if your hamster is fainting, take a look at this video for the signs to look out for
YouTube video
The main causes of hamsters fainting include
 - Not eating enough food
 - Not drinking enough water
 - Suffering from an illness
If they are constantly fainting for longer than one day then you will need to take them to a vet to be looked at as soon as possible.


text:
Dishing it out
The woman, with two children at her side, is breast-feeding an infant. She may symbolise the act of Charity. The figurine is an example of one of the more decorative pieces produced by the porcelain factory in Bow. The piece dates from the middle of the 1750s.
The Bow Porcelain factory was founded at Stratford in 1747. Bow porcelain was created to compete with the popular imported oriental porcelain. But it soon established its own market within Britain. Unlike London's other main porcelain factory of the time at Chelsea, Bow focused on wares for everyday use such as cups and bowls. These were decorated in blue and white patterns imitating oriental designs.
Centre for industry
With its location east of London, on the banks of the River Lea, Bow was well-situated for deliveries of raw materials. Other factories nearby included a calico-printing works.
Museum number NN2707

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Soybean producers need to recalibrate their drills and planters this year because soybean seed size is 10-20 % smaller than average, especially in northern Indiana.
Ellsworth Christmas, a Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service soybean specialist, says the reduced seed size is likely a result of late-season heat and moisture stresses in 2003.
"Soybean seed would normally run 3,200 to 3,400 seeds per pound," he says. "Many of those same varieties are running 3,800 to 4,000 seeds per pound this year."
Seed size will vary depending on location. Christmas says seed produced in southern Indiana may be near normal size, but seed from the northern part of the state will be small.
He said Group II beans, the group grown in the north, were in the middle of seed formation when moisture stress was most severe, causing the small seed size. Group III beans -- those grown in the southern part of the state -- were just beginning seed formation during the moisture stress, which resulted in seed abortion but less reduction in size.
The smaller size means farmers need to recalibrate their drills and planters. Failing to do so could lead to overseeding and plant stands that are too thick, Christmas says. Thick stands result in taller plants with small stems that are subject to lodging.
"If lodging occurs while the plants are green and growing, the leaf canopy is reduced and some plants will die, resulting in yield losses," Christmas says. "If lodging occurs after plants mature, losses will occur at harvest."
The smallness of the seed does not appear to have reduced germination and should have no negative effect on the seeds' vigor. Ultimately, the smaller seed may also be a way for farmers to save some money, Christmas says.
"The quality of soybean seed is very good this year," he says. "Producers need to get seed counts from their suppliers prior to finalizing the number of units needed. They may need to purchase 10-20% fewer units of seed in 2004 to plant the same acreage as last year."
Purdue experts recommend seeding rates of 200,000 seeds per acre for 7.5-inch rows, 165,000 for 15-inch rows and 130,000 for 30-inch rows. Christmas says this recommendation is for seed with at least a 90% germination rate.
"Always check the tag for germination rates and the number of seeds per pound before calibrating," Christmas says. "When you're calibrating drills, collect seed from all of the rows, since seeding rate varies widely from one row to another."


text:
About Spear — Fast Bit-Vector Arithmetic Theorem Prover
Spear is an industrial strength bit-vector arithmetic (a.k.a modular arithmetic, machine arithmetic) decision procedure and a Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solver. It's designed for proving software verification conditions, and it's the main tool Calysto uses for bug hunting. Spear is heavily optimized and tested. Spear was one of the first publicly available decision procedures to support all standard operators, including multiplication, division, variable shifts, and so on.
The key ideas behind Spear are:
- The encoding of circuits (bit-vector operators) to propositional logic is highly optimized. I used Tseitin transform, but that's less important, the choice of the actual circuit is much more important. For instance, for encoding division, I used array dividers, as they produce the smallest number of propositional variables. Operations by constants (multiplication, reminder, division) are encoded in a special way so as to minimize the size of the circuit (and the number of created Boolean variables)
- All the search parameters are modifiable over the command line. There are dozens of different parameters. In prior work, I've used this feature for automatic optimization of search parameters for different classes of problems. On some classes, such optimization achieves up to 500X speedups!
- The library interface of Spear (not publicly available) enables various novel optimization techniques, like reusing learned lemmas among multiple runs.
The tool is freely available for research usage and can be downloaded on the download page. Chances are (95%) that I will eventually open-source Spear and put it in the public domain. If you are interested to continue Spear development and/or using Spear commercially, please drop me an email.
I'm trying to keep Spear up-to-date, as much as I can. Unfortunately, I have very little free time these days and there are several known bugs that I just haven't had time to fix. I apologize for the inconvenience these bugs might be causing you.
- All search parameters are tunable on the command line.
- Predefined parameter sets for certain types of problems. If you find a set of parameters that works particularly well on a certain set of problems, please let me know, and I'll add it to the next release.
- Automatic parameter tuning for a specific application with ParamILS tool. See the tools page for details.
- Spear supports all standard modular arithmetic (bitvector) operators, including (un)signed division, remainder, shifting by variable number of spaces,...
- The front-end has been completely rewritten in v2.0, and there has been a number of other modifications. I do expect bugs to pop up, especially since I don't use that interface for my work (Calysto talks directly to Spear, via API).
- Mac OS X binary is dynamically linked, while all others are linked statically.
- Starting with v2.0, Mac OS X support will be discontinued. It amounts to less than 5% of downloads.
- Certain optimizations in v2.0 won't work on cyclic expressions. If you can, make sure your expressions are acyclic! For example, instead of:
d a:i1 Tmp1:i1
c Tmp1 ~ a
p = a Tmp1
Tmp1 is defined in terms of
a is equal to
Tmp1, try rewriting your formulas so as to be acyclic:
d a:i1 Tmp1:i1 Tmp2:i1
c Tmp1 ~ a
p = Tmp2 a
p = Tmp1 Tmp2
If you absolutely need to be able to have cyclic expressions, please send me an email, I'd really like to understand why do you need them. If you disable cse/simplify in Spear, most likely Spear will also swallow your cyclic formulas, but I'm not sure. Thanks to Evgeny Pavlenko for asking a question about this, which motivated me to write this comment.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


LAGATLAT is a word in Cebuano with its meaning in English.
lagatlat a for corn grits to be wet and unevenly cooked.
v [B6; c1] for corn grits to come out lagatlat.
Mulagatlat ang linung-ag ug daghan ang túbig ug kúwang sa káyu, Corn grits come out wet and unevenly cooked if you use too much water and not enough fire.
Words for further learning
English: maybloom
English: stercoranist
English: reticence
English: print
English: dimming
Hiligaynon: kamohanon
English: read
English: ululation
English: bellycheer
English: rust
Cebuano: tambal
Cebuano: bilbiki
English: bibliomancy
Waray: tuhod
English: intermittence
English: stintless
English: dissoluble
Hiligaynon: honhon
English: horal
English: crutched
English: discerning
English: periEnglish: thermotension
English: empoison
English: animalcule
English: gird
English: smoldering
Cebuano: hikap
English: irk
English: transmit
English: yachtsmen
Hiligaynon: matukub
English: vaudoux
English: favoring
Hiligaynon: kabati
English: laryngology
English: water
English: ultimation
English: area
English: cotter
English: pharmacognosy
Hiligaynon: sagnoy
English: coliseum
English: clamp
English: earlock
English: quadruple
Cebuano: balahak
Hiligaynon: mamahi
English: mummer
English: serpent
English: ericolin
English: under
Hiligaynon: udlon
Cebuano: ibidinsiya
English: pimple
Hiligaynon: malihion
English: bay
English: jeopardize
English: interventor
English: plea
English: incognita
Hiligaynon: hakmal
Hiligaynon: italal-us
English: faded
English: floret
Cebuano: tinyinti
English: disgracer
English: bumped
English: galingale
English: tile
Hiligaynon: tilad
English: inflective
Hiligaynon: libo-libo
English: honey
English: quote
English: odylic
English: shrift
English: counterpoised
Hiligaynon: tiglapak
English: smooth
English: discoveries
English: meniver
Waray: masuliaw
Ilokano: supnet
English: wincing
English: staminodia
Hiligaynon: sing-it
Hiligaynon: mansister
English: antithetical
Cebuano: saligbay
English: shotgun
English: thronged
English: godwit
English: correctable
English: idoloclast
English: sing
English: sanitary
English: handbreadth
Ilokano: usang
English: ridicule
English: uncharge
Ilokano: bisngit
Ilokano: sumbat
English: bodily
English: immartial
English: libellulid
Cebuano: liwayway
English: following
English: driver
English: slapped
Tagalog: tadtad
English: piscine
Hiligaynon: bungay-bungay
Hiligaynon: endono
Cebuano: silingan
English: coextension
English: spring
Cebuano: layat
Hiligaynon: libtug
English: wend
English: looping
English: periergy
English: pelegrine
English: wild
English: mediterranean
English: knacker
English: available
English: steepen
Cebuano: lasu
Hiligaynon: pahagyon
Hiligaynon: padaso-daso
English: pleased
Ilokano: bumbero
English: interline
English: exeunt
English: relegated
English: hot-mouthed
English: aped
English: frock
Hiligaynon: mama
English: northman
Hiligaynon: himutad
English: cloudiness
English: move
English: epicedium
English: in
English: suppress
English: tribunitian
Cebuano: kalap
English: inwork
English: cashier
English: lordship
English: official
English: tuneless
Cebuano: galyita
English: hank
English: chloridic
English: funest
English: alluvial
English: extraforaneous
English: anteflexion
Ilokano: dasi
English: splenish
English: cloistering
English: mammer
Tagalog: sipa
English: wode
English: donkeys
English: pulselessness
English: cocaine
English: overhandle
Hiligaynon: sursir
Hiligaynon: pak-an
English: senonian
Cebuano: duna
English: fascia
English: scincoidian
English: edema
Hiligaynon: olikid
Hiligaynon: batitis
Hiligaynon: kuskus-balonos
Cebuano: gitib
English: slit
Hiligaynon: unud
Cebuano: lagaw
English: replica
Hiligaynon: banhog
English: recreating
English: brake
Hiligaynon: garabahan
English: pippin
Ilokano: dilig
English: timbre
English: vibrative
English: zopilote
English: wirbled
Cebuano: taliadlaw
English: elaboration
Cebuano: suna
Ilokano: karut-om
English: whored
English: phonotypist
English: moorband
Ilokano: kala
English: form
English: pickle
English: chalcographist
English: caprylic
English: symmetrical
English: coadventure
English: cassareep
Hiligaynon: sumpa
English: literature
English: game
English: koolslaa
English: commit
English: hellenistically
English: hydraulics
Cebuano: sustansiya
English: celandine
English: foveola
Cebuano: amung
English: workroom
English: pulsate
English: relinquishing
English: chop
English: agone
English: tax
English: insurable
English: forslack
English: dislodgment
English: gonangium
English: favor
English: galvanize
English: leach
English: else
Ilokano: ipus
English: cochineal fig
English: germ
English: conjunctional
English: kythe
Hiligaynon: habhab
English: defrayal
English: stave
English: atlantic
English: arm
English: lamaic
Cebuano: balinsayaw
English: equiseta
English: coucher
English: killdeer
Hiligaynon: taul
English: counter-couchant
English: delight
English: point
English: fractionally
Tagalog: lihim
English: brook
Cebuano: alabutun
Tagalog: hipag
Hiligaynon: kahuya
English: sieve
English: empearl
English: dodge
English: immutable
English: flexural
English: re-formation
English: parhelia
English: revenge
English: phocal
English: flag
English: pan
English: clavy
English: devil bird
English: indulgency
English: elenchus
English: disestablishment
English: pleonastically
English: reflector
English: somnolism
English: solitary
English: joss
Hiligaynon: tipolon
English: commorant
English: present
Hiligaynon: bungsod
Hiligaynon: kisom
Hiligaynon: komod
English: endothelia
English: marl
English: mucosity
English: quibbler
English: sweep
English: siniate
English: well
English: esthetics
Tagalog: sabong
English: carouse
English: acrodont
English: paleotherian
English: calumnies
Cebuano: apay
English: stipitiform
English: march
English: weanling
English: collocation
English: trepang
Hiligaynon: nonoy
English: descendible
English: spirally
English: dreamless
English: livery
Cebuano: gapnud
Cebuano: uksidyn
English: nickeline
English: whimsy
Tagalog: hinang
English: seed
English: decker
English: clout
Cebu


file: TORUS1:[GLL_RAW.INFO]HOW_TO_MAKE_EUV_SAVEFILE.DOC Nov 23, 1998 - KES Updated Mar 28, 2001 - kes An IDL program, TORUS1:[GLL_RAW.SOFTWARE]WRITE_EUV_SAVEFILE.PRO, is used to create the IDL SAVEFILEs containing EUV data. This program creates a Structure containing the Start RIM time, the End RIM time, and the data matrix properly configured based on the Fixed Pattern Noise Table used to obtain the data (the data file supplies the knowledge of of which table was in use). This program was written by Jeremy Gebben expresly for Ian Stewart's analysis of the EUV data and includes the 'hotpixel' correction. An update was added Mar 28, 2001 (by Simmons) so that separate SAVE files of one observation type could be generated. You may now also use an "*" for any, or all, of the three parameters OB, ORBIT, and OBS_TYPE. Run the TORUS1:[GLL_RAW.SOFTWARE]WRITE_EUV_SAVEFILE.PRO in IDL. The program asks for the following parameters: ; OB = 2-character for Sequence Segment, for example: ; we get files named g02c_euv_c3aurmap01.dat ; ^^ -- thus OB is C3 ; ORBIT = 4-character name for Orbit, J0CD, G02C etc... ; ORS_TYPE = 3-character Observation type, such as AUR, ANS or NAN. The program might report an arithmetic error but this is not significant to the SAVE file creation. Two SAVE files are generated: a Vax VMS file and an XDR SAVE file. The VMS file has the file-extension ".IDLSAVE" and the XDR file has the file-extension ".XDR". The two files for all Aurora data from all orbits are EUV_ALL_AUR.IDLSAVE and EUV_ALL_AUR_IDLSAVE.XDR. Another program, TORUS1:[GLL_RAW.INFO]JEREMY_EUV_IMAG.PRO;2, can be used to view the images stored in the above SAVEFILEs. Run the IDL program and then set the keyword params for the calling seq: image,file=file,range=range,min=min,max=max,sqrt=sqrt you might start with: image,file='filename' The other parameters are: RANGE is the pixel range to use (an array of indices to use (0-128)) and is returned by the program based on the pixel MIN/MAX values set in the call. If a SQRT assignment is made in the call then the image counts will be compressed with a sqrt function. NOTE: Both programs use the Vax logical "SW" to define the Galileo software directory located at "TORUS1:[GLL_RAW.SOFTWARE]".


text:
PHP Operators Step By Step Tutorial – Part 8: PHP support one operator control error with the sign of at (@). If enhanced at one particular expression of PHP, hence mistake information yielded by the expression will be disregarded. If track_errors fitur is in enable, hence mistake information yielded by the expression will be kept in the global variable $ php_errormsg. This variable content will always be changed with the new mistake information of each re-evaluation. For that, check before the re-evaluation is done first if we would like to use the existing information in it.
Pay attention to the example of using Error control operator at script as following:
File name: errorcontroloperator.php
Using Error Control Operator
The example forusing error control operator
$myfile= _USER_ ('errorcontroloperator.ph') or
die("failed opening file:error was '$php_errormsg'");
The result of executing errorcontroloperator.php:
Note: Operator @ is only work in the expression. For the simple order as if you take a value from something, you can add operator @ to its. For example, you earn enhancing it for the intake of variable, function, and include(), konstanta, etc. You cannot enhance it to the function of definition or class, or conditional structure of like and if of foreach, etc.


Scientists Discover Bizarre And Alarmingly High Connection Between Cat Bites And Depression
by • February 20, 2014 • Health, ScienceComments (0)3342
A strange story published by the renowned scientific journal PLOS ONE recounts a discovery recently made by a research team. After combing through 10 years' worth of health records for more than 1.3 million people, the researchers came across a strong and peculiar pattern which links cat bites with depression.
41% of patients who were treated for cat bites had also been treated for depression, and 86% of these patients were women. The data also revealed that women who have been bitten by a cat have a 50% chance of being diagnosed with depression at some point. The authors of the study speculate three theories as to why this unusual connection is so prevalent:
THEORY #1 (DEPRESSED PEOPLE LOVE CATS WHICH BOOSTS THE ODDS OF CAT BITES): There is substantial evidence to suggest that pet ownership results in multiple health benefits, both physical and mental. For example, pet ownership has been shown to reduce elevated blood pressure caused by mental stress even better than antihypertensive medications. Pets can also provide substantial social support. A study in Switzerland reported that among people living alone, cats could improve their mood. As such, it may be that depressed individuals, especially women, are more likely to own cats for companionship.
THEORY #2 (CATS HATE BEING AROUND DEPRESSED PEOPLE SO THEY NEED TO BITE THEM): Some animals may bite more in response to changes in their owners' mental state or level of responsiveness. For example, depressed individuals often make less eye contact compared to those without depression. Some animals, such as dogs, horses, and pigs are known to respond to human social cues such as gestures, gaze, and focus. Even cats may respond to respond to pointing gestures and human gaze. One study reported that the type of activity being undertaken by a test subject had a large impact on a cat's behavior.
THEORY #3 (CATS ARE CRAWLING IN PARASITES WHICH ATTACK THE HUMAN BRAIN): Cats are a major carrier of the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Studies have shown that the parasite is passed to humans via the cats' feces, and causes damage to the brains of the humans it infects. Infections from the parasite have been associated with self-inflicted violence as well as increased suicide rates in women. It has also been suggested that the inflammatory cytokines released during a T. gondii infection in the brain may be the cause of depression in some patients.
If I were to add a fourth theory it would read: "THEORY #4 (ALL OF THE ABOVE)". Furthermore, I would also note the fact that women cat owners are not alone in their suffering — I have observed very strange behavior in men who have been attacked by parasitic pussy as well. Strange behavior, yes, though not quite as strange as the woman in the following clip. If you want to see a demonstration of cat-owning gone coo-coo, check out Academy Award winning actress Melissa Leo in the following clip from the critically acclaimed film Francine. Every time I watch this I feel the need to stay as far away from cats as humanly possible.
SEE ALSO: New Study Confirms What You've Suspected All Along: Your Cat Really Doesn't Give Two Shits About You
Photo courtesy of Wallpapersus
Comments are closed.


text:
Besides obscuring the stars, light pollution can also disrupt the reproduction of light-sensitive animals. French scientists have shown that light pollution can override the natural reproductive cycle of some animals, making them sexually active out of season.
"The natural light/dark cycle allows living organisms to time a variety of behavioural and physiological rhythms, including migration, accumulation of reserves, dormancy and reproduction" explains Thomas Le Tallec (PhD Student, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, France), who led the study. "We postulate that chronic exposure to light pollution could impact the human reproductive function as well. Night work and artificial light are associated with menstrual irregularities, decreased fertility, spontaneous abortions and pre-term births. However, this is only a hypothesis and rigorous studies are needed."
Mouse lemurs were chosen for the study as their reproductive cycle is highly sensitive to day length. In winter, male lemurs are sexually inactive and the testes are not visible. In summer, when there is light for more than 12 hours each day, the males become sexually active, with fully functioning gonads. Over five weeks in midwinter, the researchers placed sexually inactive male lemurs inside special climate chambers, where the level of light was controlled by fluorescent lamps. In the control group, the level of light at night was set to only equal that of the full moon. The second group were exposed to yellow LED lights to mimic streetlights. After only two weeks, the light-pollution group had considerably larger testes and higher levels of testosterone than the control group.
These effects are thought to be caused by melatonin, a light-sensitive hormone which regulates mammalian reproduction. Melatonin can only be produced in darkness so that in long-day breeders, such as mouse lemurs, high melatonin levels in winter normally repress sexual activity. When darkness is broken by light pollution, however, melatonin production is inhibited. Consequently, the lemurs subjected to light pollution showed significantly lower concentrations of melatonin. Similar observations have been seen in female mouse lemurs, where light pollution caused sexually-inactive individuals to enter the oestrus cycle. Besides this, light pollution also affected the lemurs' daily activity pattern. As nocturnal animals, lemurs normally become active at night, however light pollution caused this to be delayed and for the animals to be active for much shorter periods.
Anthropogenic light pollution could potentially be mitigated by using directional light sources and low-reflective coatings. Thomas Le Tallec adds that "By reducing air pollution we can reduce the scattering of light in the atmosphere and thus reduce light pollution."
This research was presented at the Society for Experimental Biology Annual Meeting 2014 held at Manchester University, UK, from the 1st - 4th of July.
Materials provided by Society for Experimental Biology. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.
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Attipas Baby Shoes: Your Questions Answered
You want to know the facts, so we've compiled a list of frequently asked questions about Attipas baby shoes. See below the top five questions our subscribers and customers ask us:
1. What are Attipas shoes?
Attipas shoes are the premium choice of baby shoes in Australia. They are lightweight, breathable and support first steps. Attipas shoes are based on 7 years of research from the Seoul University in South Korea and are endorsed by Australian podiatrists. Multi-award winning, Attipas are recommended by 98% of Australian parents.
2. Are Attipas shoes good?
Yes, Attipas shoes are fantastic and have hundreds of 5-star reviews! Their lightweight and flexible design mimics barefoot walking, allowing babies to learn to walk in the most natural way possible. Attipas have a big toe box which means babies toes are also not cramped or impeded while learning to walk. Attipas also have a superior, non-slip grip, giving babies confidence as they learn to walk.
What are Attipas shoes?
3. How do you wash Attipas shoes?
Attipas shoes can be washed in the washing machine at a maximum temperate of 30c. You can wash Attipas shoes with your regular washing loads in similar colours. Avoid using hot water on Attipas shoes. Attipas can also be hand washed if preferred by gently washing with laundry liquid and water in the laundry tub. Gently shake and squeeze excess water off Attipas shoes and avoid twisting to preserve their shape. Always air-dry your Attipas shoes after washing (avoid the dryer).
4. How do you clean Attipas shoes?
As Attipas shoes are fully machine washable to 30c there is no need for complex scrubbing routines or finicky toothbrush work. Simply put your Attipas baby shoes in a netted laundry bag and throw them in the washing machine with your regular loads. Click here to see a short video on how to care for your Attipas baby shoes. If you have minor scuff marks on the toes you can use gentle cleaners such as Jiff or Gumption to remove these.
Attipas on washing line
5. Do you wear socks with Attipas shoes?
During the colder months, some parents choose to put a pair of socks under their baby's Attipas shoes to keep them warmer. However, wearing socks under Attipas shoes is not required as Attipas shoes are fully lined with a sock. Socks under Attipas shoes may also assist with thickening the shoes while babies grow, if they are slightly too big.
6. What sizes do Attipas shoes come in?
Attipas shoes are sized from 3.5 US (6-12 months) to 9 US (3 year+). We always recommend measuring from our easy size guide before purchase. You can watch how to measure, or download a copy of the size guide here.
Attipas baby shoes sizes
7. Does my baby need to wear insoles with Attipas baby shoes?
Insoles are not required when wearing Attipas baby shoes but do provide extra comfort for your baby. Wearing insoles is a personal choice for parents. If you do decide to use insoles, we recommend using Acti-fit insoles which have been especially designed to fit inside Attipas baby shoes.
8. Can Attipas shoes go in the water?
Attipas baby shoes can absolutely get wet and this is the one of their greatest features. Many parents choose to wear them to the beach, in mud or dirt or on wet grass, knowing their babies' feet are protected. After getting Attipas baby shoes wet, machine wash them back to new. Attipas also launched aqua shoes in 2020, which are made from a quick drying fabric with SPF 50+.
Aqua shoes for babies


text:
Chad Woodcock, Meagan Walsh, Nicol Kurstjens
Prefilled syringes (PFS) are one of thefastest growing classes of drug-delivery systems; inaddition to being convenient to use, they also mayhave the potential to reduce the risk of contamination.For intravitreal applications, the elimination of severalsteps during aseptic preparation may reduce the risk ofpotential iatrogenic eye infections that may result fromsuboptimal drug/device handling.
Methods: Characteristics, development process, andpotential benefits of ranibizumab PFS are described.
Results: The design features and functionality ofranibizumab PFS are as follows: 1) LUER lock closuresystem holding the needle tightly and enables needlechoice; 2) small syringe barrel (0.5 mL) with low voidvolume(fill volume: 0.165 mL); 3) unambiguous dosemark that facilitates high dose accuracy; 4) non-reactive borosilicate glass that provides storage stabil-ity; 5) non-retractable stopper to prevent inadvertentdrawing of non-sterile air and to minimize the poten-tial for sterility-related ocular adverse events; 6) spe-cially designed blister packaging that prevents thecontamination of sterile outer syringe surface. A baked'silicone' process is used for the development ofminimally-siliconized PFS. The barrel's inner surface isspray-coated with silicon oil-in-water emulsion andsubsequently heat fixed. There were no relevant dif-ferences observed in product stability betweenranibizumab vials and the PFS.
Conclusions: The ranibizumab PFS aims to improvephysician convenience and efficiency of ranibizumabadministration in clinical practice with the potential toreduce risk of eye infection and saving time forpatients and physicians. Real time clinical practice datawill help demonstrate the advantages of ranibizumabPFS.


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JPSS, for information about studying in Japan's universities and graduate schools. > Subject > List of fields of study > Life Sciences
Introduction of Studies Life Sciences
Pursuing the comfortable daily lives of humans comprehensively.
Studies in the sciences of living aim to create more enjoyable human living through the research of family and household relations (such as between parent and child, or husband and wife), and the effects of living environments (such as aspects of food, clothing and shelter) on people.
Subjects that are studied include basic topics such as food science, clothing studies, housing studies, and child studies. Other subjects are also studied such as lifestyle management, family studies, family care, and textile science.
The sciences of living approaches issues people face in their daily lives to devise solutions for those issues. For example, there is the issue of the environmental pollution caused by the solid and water waste people generate in their daily lives. While considering expectations for comfortable living in communities and society, researchers are pursuing ways people can live in harmony with the natural environment.


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Port Phillip's long-term bushfire risk regional planning target is 85 per cent.
The figure below shows the Port Phillip region's bushfire risk profile for 1980–2021 and projected changes in bushfire risk until 2024. It shows bushfire risk in the Port Phillip region:
- was 85 per cent in 2020–21, down 2 percentage points from a projected level of 87 per cent (if there were no major bushfires or fuel management)
- was the same as at the end of 2019–20
- is projected to fall to 78 per cent by 2024 if we implement the entire Joint Fuel Management Program and there are no major bushfires, noting it would continue to increase to 87 per cent without any fuel management activity or major bushfires. Implementing the entire program would keep bushfire risk levels below the long-term Port Phillip region planning target of 85 per cent.
Since 2009, bushfire risk has gradually increased in Port Philip due to the re-accumulation of fuels in wet, mountainous, forested areas, which are typically too damp for planned burning. Additionally, some high-risk settlements in the region adjoin dense forest and therefore cannot be safely treated with planned burning. These factors highlight the importance of mechanical and other non-burn fuel treatments - including mowing, slashing, mulching, and using herbicides - and enhanced preparedness and community education to achieve risk reduction targets.
Priority areas for planned burning include north of the Dandenong Ranges, the forests to Melbourne's east, and areas in and around Melbourne's water catchments. Other key activities include the continued construction and maintenance of strategic fuel break networks through Melbourne's water catchments and mechanical fuel treatment in the forest interface to the east of Melbourne.
Bushfire risk profile, Port Phillip Region, 1980–2024
The figure below shows the tolerable fire interval (TFI) status of vegetation on public land in the Port Phillip region since 1980. It shows that in 2020–21:
- about 48 per cent of the vegetation was below minimum TFI, 1 percentage point less than in 2019–20
- the proportion of vegetation within TFI remained the same at 38 per cent
- the proportion of vegetation above maximum TFI remained the same, at 1 per cent.
In 2020–21, less than 1 per cent of the vegetation burnt by bushfire or planned burning was below minimum TFI, the result of careful planning to minimise the potential impacts of planned burns on vegetation below minimum TFI.
TFI status of vegetation on public land, Port Phillip region, 1980–2021
The figure below shows the growth stage structure (GSS) status of vegetation on public land in the Port Phillip region since 1980. It shows that in 2020–21:
- about 13 per cent of the vegetation was in the juvenile growth stage, 6 percentage points less than 2019–20
- about 23 per cent of the vegetation was in the adolescent growth stage, an increase of 3 percentage points from 2019-20
- the proportion of vegetation in the mature growth stage remained the same at 38 per cent
- there was no significant change in the proportions in the old growth stage (which remained low, at 2 per cent) and with no fire history (which remained at 12 per cent).
Threatened species, such as Leadbeater's Possum and Smoky Mouse, rely on vegetation in the mature and old growth stages for habitat, particularly for features such as hollow-bearing trees and coarse woody debris. It will take a long time for the landscape to recover to these growth stages, as some vegetation communities can take up to 50 years or more to reach maturity.
The area of vegetation with no recorded fire history on public land has gradually declined over the last decade. The TFI status and GSS cannot be determined in areas with no fire history.
GSS status of vegetation on public land, Port Phillip region, 1980–2021
Fuel management delivery
Generally favourable weather conditions in Port Phillip Region during 2020-21 enabled both the Yarra and Metropolitan fire districts good opportunities to deliver their planned burning programs. Table 1 summarises the region's fuel management activities in 2020–21.
Table 1: Fuel management activities, Port Phillip region, 2020–21
No. of treatments
Area treated by planned burning:
Area treated by non-burn fuel treatments:
Total area treated to reduce bushfire risk
During 2020-21 we undertook 40 ecological and fuel reduction burns in the Port Phillip region, with a total of 2,878 hectares treated. There was an additional 61.8 hectares of timber harvesting area regenerated, and windrow/heaps treated, bringing the total treated to 2,941 hectares. We also completed about 1,367 hectares of mechanical fuel treatment. Yarra fire district was able to complete all its spring planned burns. Metro fire district delivered its biggest program in years, resulting in double the number of hectares treated this year compared to the five-year rolling average. Across the region, we delivered 14 of 25 priority burns. We could not complete the remaining 11 including six regeneration burns as conditions were unsuitable. We invested over 3,400 work-days undertaking planned burning delivery in 2020-21.
Port Philip region staff continued to work through the various stakeholder engagement challenges associated with ongoing COVID restrictions, which limited both face-to-face and onsite meetings.
Staff also continued to work closely with other land management agencies including Parks Victoria and the Country Fire Authority to help develop the Joint Fuel Management Program and deliver the fuel management program.
An interesting and useful collaboration occurred between Port Philip and Fire Rescue Victoria (FRV) this year. FRV, along with their remotely piloted aircraft system, attended a FFMVic grasslands burn in early 2021. The FRV system captured thermal and video footage for FFMVic and Parks Victoria future use and was an opportunity for pilots to build skills with the drones, which had only recently become operational.
Page last updated: 23/12/21


Reasonable adjustment and use of agricultural machinery can save fuel
Industry news
2018/09/29 17:13
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Agriculturalmachineryrationallyadjustfueleconomy: 1Adjustthevalveclearance.Theintakeandexhaustvalvesareadjustedbeforeandafterthetopendoftheexhauststroke,andthevalveclearanceisensuredtoensurenormalva
Agricultural machinery rationally adjust fuel economy:
 1 Adjust the valve clearance. The intake and exhaust valves are adjusted before and after the top end of the exhaust stroke.and the valve clearance is ensured to ensure normal valve distribution.
2 Adjust the oil supply advance angle. The adjustment of the optimal fuel supply advance angle of the diesel engine should be properly adjusted according to the change of the environment. The oil supply advance angle assembly directly affects the power and fuel consumption of the diesel engine. For example, the fuel supply advance angle of the SI95 oil machine should generally be controlled at 16°-20°.
3 Adjust the fuel injection pressure of the injector. The fuel injection pressure of the 195 diesel engine injector is (120 ± 5) kg / c. According to tests, when the injection pressure is lower than 100 kg/cm2, the fuel consumption increases. In order to maintain the normal injection pressure of the injector, the operator should periodically test the injector.
Reasonable use of fuel for fuel:
 1 Regularly maintain the air filter, diesel filter, and oil filter.
2 Replace the lubricant on schedule.
3 Refueling as required.
4 Parallel multiple farm implements under possible conditions to maximize the working width of the implement.
5 Choose the appropriate pull-out and throttle operation, and try to use high-speed small throttle operation when light load.


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Could someone explain how I would find the derivative of the following function? I am completely lost: $$f(x) = e^{i(x!^{\log x})}$$
share|improve this question
Do you really mean "$x!$"? – Arturo Magidin Jun 10 '12 at 3:07
$\,x!=\Gamma(x+1)\,\,,\,\,x+1\neq\,$ non-positive integer? – DonAntonio Jun 10 '12 at 3:09
_USER_ Yes, it is, but then I ask just what, apparently, Arturo meant to ask: how would you define $\,x!\,$ for a positive non-integer? – DonAntonio Jun 10 '12 at 3:17
Well, then is what I asked before! You're going to need the derivative of the gamma function, the polygamma: – DonAntonio Jun 10 '12 at 3:30
_USER_: You can't restrict $x$ to positive integers and ask about derivatives. The computation of the derivative requires you to evaluate the function arbtirarily close to the point you want. Even if the "point you want" is an integer, points arbitrarily close to it will not be. So, no matter what, you'll end up having to deal with the derivative of the Gamma function. – Arturo Magidin Jun 10 '12 at 3:35
1 Answer 1
up vote 4 down vote accepted
For complex $\,z\,$ with $\,\operatorname{Re}(z)>0\,$, $$\Gamma'(z)=\int_0^\infty t^{z-1}e^{-t}\log t\,dt$$ so $$\left(e^{ix!^{\log x}}\right)'=e^{ix!^{\log x}}\left(ix!^{\log x}\right)'$$ Now, since $\,\displaystyle{x!^{\log x}=e^{\log x\log(x!)}}\,\,and\,\,\log x!=\log\Gamma(x+1)$, we get$$\left(ie^{\log x\log x!}\right)'=i\left[\frac{\log x!}{x}+\log x\frac{\Gamma'(x+1)}{\Gamma(x+1)}\right]e^{\log x\log x!} $$Now put together all the above and have sweet mathematical nightmares.
share|improve this answer
+1 for mathematical nightmares! – AvatarOfChronos Jun 12 '12 at 14:50
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Goldfish are native to East Asia and are related to the carp family. In their natural habitat, goldfish eat insects, plant matter, and crustaceans. They basically feel like their stomach is a bottomless pit and can eat themselves to death. Their intestines eventually get blocked due to their overeating and they die.
The overeating also causes them to create more feces, because their body can't digest the protein quickly enough. Goldfish can be conditioned to their environment and their behavior can be conditioned by their owners. They have social learning skills and associative learning abilities. Their acute vision allows them to differentiate humans.
They tend to act differently with their owners than with other people. For example, they will swim around their tank quickly, swim to the front of the tank, or swim to the surface when their owner is near. Upon seeing other people, goldfish will swim away and hide. After time goes by, they learn to associate their owner with food and will begin to beg for food.


Cuba committed to new Constitution despite harsh US blockade
Havana, Oct 3
Cuba continues today to apply what is established in its new Constitution, despite the harsh measures of the US blockade against Cuba.
As stated by the Vice President of the National Assembly of People's Power, Ana María Mari Machado, in reference to the extraordinary session of the legislative body called for October 10, the candidates to high-ranking posts will be elected, including that of the President of the Republic.
Mari Machado affirmed that compliance with the Constitution in complex situations leads to a demonstration of unity, firmness, stability and compliance and adherence to the law.
She noted that amid a difficult international situation for Cuba, nothing hinders compliance with the Constitution, and important political processes are being conducting with normality.
Source: Prensa Latina


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Public School Teachers' Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes on Special Education and Psychosocial Development of Learners
Jeannie C. Abantas
Mindanao State University-Tawi-Tawi College of Technology and Oceanography, Sanga-Sanga, Bongao, Tawi-Tawi, Philippines
This study was conducted to determine the relationship of the demographic profile, level of knowledge, skills, and attitudes of public school teachers on Special Education as well as the effect of these on the psychosocial development of learners. It utilized both descriptive and inferential statistics. The questionnaire checklist was divided into three parts: I – was the demographic profile of the SPED teachers; II – was adopted from the study of Gerald S. Mthetwa (2008) on Principal's Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Inclusive Education: Implications for Curriculum and Assessment and Pearson Education, Inc. (2017) Washington Educator Skills Tests; III – a behavioral checklist adapted and modified from Ochset Pligs (2010). The respondents of the study are the selected SPED public school teachers and the parents/guardians of the SPED learners enrolled in S.Y. 2019-2020 in DepEd's SPED Program. The statistical treatment applied are frequency count, percentage, weighted mean, Pearson product correlation coefficient, paired T-test, and regression analysis. The result showed that there is no significant relationship between the teachers' knowledge, skills, and attitudes on the psychosocial development of learners. Each of the variables has no direct effect on the psychosocial development of learners with special educational needs. This further means teaching children with special educational needs require much effort, time, skills, and knowledge to help them discover their potential and develop them. Based on the findings and conclusions, it is highly recommended that there is a much need to employ more teachers in the field of Special Education, develop a team to continuously monitor and deliver the services needed in line with the guidelines set by the national government, and there must be more evident collaboration among the local community, the education community, parents, teachers, and the SPED school in addressing the concerns of Special Education in the school level.
Keywords: Extent of knowledge about SPED, Extent of practice on the management skills among SPED learners, Extent of attitude towards SPED, Psychosocial Development, Public School Teachers, Special Education, SPED Learners


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Free Search (10912 images)
Animation of high-resolution infrared images of Earth
Rating: 0.00/5 (0 votes cast)
- Title Animation of high-resolution infrared images of Earth
- Released 29/04/2005 3:02 pm
- Copyright ESA
After closest approach to Earth, Rosetta's VIRTIS took a series of high-resolution images of our planet in visible and infrared light from a distance of 250 000 kilometres and with a resolution of 62 kilometres per pixel. The images are shown as they were acquired, without rotating them. The North Pole is on the left of the image. This animation was produced using infrared images taken in the so-called 'thermal' infrared wavelengths, which catches the heat emitted from Earth's surface. This is independent on solar illumination so, even if only half of Earth was illuminated by the Sun, VIRTIS could still se the full Earth disk. The animation shows the complex dynamics of Earth's atmosphere.


Because not all snowfalls look alike, forecasters use different terms to describe the rate and duration of falling snow. Let me mention the most common:
A snow squall is a heavy, brief burst of snow that can put down a quick inch or two. A snow shower is a moderate, but again brief, period of snow, which sometimes gives a light accumulation. Snow flurries describe a very light and brief snow shower, with no measurable accumulation. Notice that each of these terms has the word "brief" in its definition: they all describe snows that don't last long.
Steadier snows that last, say for at least a few hours - are categorized as either light, moderate, or heavy, depending on the visibility: It's light snow if you can see more than half a mile, moderate snow if visibility is between one-quarter and one-half a mile, and heavy snow if visibility is one-quarter of a mile or less.
So there IS a method behind all that snow terminology you hear!


Rainforest Jasper
Rainforest Jasper is a special kind of Rhyolite Lava found in volacnic areas all over the world. With it's brown-green background with orange highlights it resonated and earthy feel. Quartz Crystals are commonly found in the stone along with other minerals.
Rainforest Jasper is known for it's subdued and subtle earth energy attracting grounding and pleasant energy to ones life. It can give you a deep connection with Mother Earth and natural environments.


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Events Log / Audit Trail
About Events Log
- The Events Log automatically records information about how an organization is using the DicksonOne system.
- The Events Log is an important feature for organizations in highly compliant environments. Creating an audit trail that can be referenced at any time.
How to use the Events LogThe user name, time, date, device (when applicable), and a brief notation are added to the log when any of the following events occur:
- Users log in or out of the DicksonOne Web Portal
- Device or location information is added or changed
- Alarms are added or changed
- Users are added or their permissions changed
- Data is exported
- Annotations are made or changed in the graph area.
- To view the Events Log, click Events on the left of the page.
- Time Zone - changes the time zone the events are reported in (defaults to browser's time zone).
- Filter - filter the results to exactly what you want.
- Export - export all events or just a filtered set to a CSV file.
- Event Detail - Each line is an individual event or set of changes.
Filtering:You can filter the audit trail based on a number of things:
- A specific device or set of devices
- A specific user or group of users
- Type of event
- Date range
Details:The event log captures a number of different types of data including:
- Account - anything relating to account settings
- Alarm - anything related to the creation, deletion, editing, pausing, commenting, or acknowledgement of an alarm
- Annotation - a user has added an annotation to the graph of a device
- Device - a user has added, deleted, or edited a device
- Export - a user has exported data for a device
- Location - A location has been added, deleted, or edited
- User - A user has been added, deleted, or edited
- Report - A user has created, deleted, or edited a report
- System - The system has performed an action based on alarms or other programmed behavior (this includes alarms that were triggered)


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WWF: Water quality in Mendalam River, Heart of Borneo, now has significantly improved
PONTIANAK (18/10) - The four years analysis on water quality of Mendalam River, Kapuas Hulu, West Kalimantan since 2009 until 2012, done by WWF-Indonesia West Kalimantan Program in collaboration with ICRAF, LIPI and PDAM Tirta Dharma (state tap-water company), showed a significant decrease in water turbidity and sediment concentration in Mendalam River.
"This study showed a decrease in the average concentration of turbidity, from 13.2 NTU in July 2009 to 8.4 NTU (36.4%) in the measurement from June to July 2012. Trend of sediment concentration indicated a decrease approximately 41.6%, from 26.4 mg / liter (2009) to 15.4 mg / liter in 2012," said Iwan Ridwansyah, MSc, researcher from the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI).
"To address the quality problem of the river in West Kalimantan Province, WWF-Indonesia, CARE and IIED, supported by WWF Netherlands DGIS, started since 2006, have been working together through implementation of EPWS Program in Mendalam River, Kapuas Hulu," said M. Hermayani Putera, West Kalimantan Program Manager of WWF-Indonesia.
Emanuel Haraan Ryanto, Director of PDAM Tirta Dharma Kapuas Hulu said that the study conducted in Mendalam River since 2007-2009 has informed that around 4-15 tons / year of sediment resulted from the river. At least 37 landslide areas with more than 100 meters depth occurred on the banks of the river, as well as more than 76 other landslide locations that are less than 100 meters. Forest cover in the Mendalam currently remains only about 40%.
"The river supplies water for the PDAM Tirta Dharma in Putussibau. Turbidity of the water in this river is now reaching up to 16 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit), far above the minimal score for drinking water standards according to the regulation of the Indonesia Ministry of Health, which is 5 NTU. If this trend maintains, it will have an impact on improving the quality of tap water treatment, eventually processed tap water distributed by PDAM will be safe for consumption and meet the minimum standards set by the Ministry of Health. We thank you for the efforts made by the WWF to improve the environment, particularly in Mendalam sub-watershed. This will be very useful for people who use tap water," added Emanuel.
During the implementation of EPWS program, restoration has been done in the area of landslides along the banks of the Mendalam River. Mapping of critical areas, planting 140,000 cultivated tree types such as cocoa, rubber (local and superior quality), and also other types of useful local plants such as belian, tengkawang and gaharu. Restoration covered 5 villages totalling approximately 212 hectares. In addition, the program also helps to improve the capacity of the community through several activities such as comparative study on rubber management to one state-owned plantation company in Indonesia (PTPN XIII) in Sintang, training for plantation (nursery to planting), training on measuring water discharge, water sampling, and measurement of the landslides volume. The program has also installed three units of automatic rain gauge and 2 units of automatic water level recorder. All activities of monitoring and assessment involved local communities in 5 villages on the banks of Mendalam River.
Zainal AM, the Head Village of Nanga Sambus, said that people in Mendalam sub-watershed area have hope that the PES program can be successfully realised, which will motivate them to continue to maintaining the river quality, particularly Mendalam River, and can improve revenue of communities who lives near the river. "Let's protect together. If the people who live in the upper stream protect the area, this will yield good impact to people downstream. They will appreciate the restoration effort done by upper stream people," he added.
"We welcome the cooperation of the parties in integrating the whole comprehensive aspects involving economic, environmental and social development in the development of the sub-watershed. Hopefully this can be an example for other regions, "said Drs. Suparman, Head of Kapuas Hulu Local Planning Agency.
"With the decrease in water turbidity and sediment concentration, it has indicated that there is a positive impact of the activities carried out by EPWS Program in Mendalam River. To enhance the broader impacts, we recommend this work to be extended in two other rivers, the Sibau River and Kapuas River," said Hermayani.
---- end ----
For more information, please contact:
Iwan Ridwansyah, MSc.
PDAM Tirta Dharma Kapuas Hulu
Slamet Sugianto, Amd
Notes for Editors:
Forest ecosystems provide a wide range of environmental services benefiting public. Services include the services of water, carbon, biodiversity and landscape beauty. Report of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) stated 60% of the world's ecosystem services have been degraded more rapidly than the ability to fix it.
Particularly in Indonesia, with 62 watersheds covering an area of 18.5 million hectares, now are in critical condition. Conditions that cause a decrease in reserves of water resources, fluctuations in water discharge, as well as increasing the rate of sedimentation and erosion. The impact of these conditions will increase the cost of drinking water treatment and worsen the quality of water services and such a disadvantage for river transportation users.
About EPWS Program
In 2006, a partnership was established between the three international agencies to explore the business aspects of PWS (Payment for Watershed Services). The project is called "Equitable Payments for Watershed Services". Activities implemented through two phases.
Phase I: Building the Business Case (2006 - 2009)
Phase I goal is to prepare and build a real business case for buyers and sellers of PWS that are suitable for targeted project sites. This approach is essential to convince potential buyers and sellers that PWS mechanism that will be implemented is based on ecological and economical condition. At the end of Phase I, it is considered a successful business between buyers and sellers if agreement of cooperation in each location is signed. Activities in Phase I include baseline studies on: hydrology, institutions, livelihood and the business case (cost-benefit).
Phase II: Implementing Equitable Payments for Watershed Services (2010 - present)
Implementation phase will deal with relevant partners at the local, national and international, private sector, and government agencies. Expected result in Phase II is successful implementations of PWS mechanism in all targeted project locations, sustainable nature resource management, and improvement of community livelihoods. Activities in Phase II include restoration, Tembawang local tree enhancement and hydrology.
WWF is an independent global conservation organization, established in 1961 in Switzerland, with almost 5 million supporters and networks in more than 100 countries. WWF has been present in Indonesia since 1962 for one-horned rhinoceros project in Ujung Kulon, became a foundation in 1998 and present in more than 25 working areas in 17 provinces.
WWF-Indonesia's mission is to save biodiversity and reduce the ecology impacts from human activities through: promoting strong conservation ethics, knowledge and conservation efforts in Indonesian people; facilitating multi-stakeholders efforts in biodiversity protection and ecological process at the eco-regional scale; policy advocacy, law enforcement to support conservation; and encouraging conservation for human welfare through sustainable utilization of natural resources.
For further information, visit _URL_ or _URL_
Heart of Borneo (HoB)
The Heart of Borneo covers more than 22 million hectares (220,000 km2) of equatorial rainforest across the countries of Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia and Malaysia. One of Asia's last great rainforests, it includes some of the most biologically diverse habitats on earth, and is one of only two places on earth where elephants, orangutans, rhinoceros and clouded leopards share the same territory. In the past 15 years, more than 500 new flora or fauna species have been discovered, at a rate of more than three per month.
Borneo's cultural diversity is as distinct and varied as the island's animal and plant life. In Kalimantan (Indonesia) alone, 142 different languages are believed still to be in use today. Many people depend directly on the forest for edible and medicinal plants; fish; meat; construction materials and water. As the headwaters of the island's major rivers lie in Borneo's central highlands, protection is critical to ensuring reliable clean water supplies to a large number of human settlements, and the thriving industries that have developed in coastal urban centres.
Heart of Borneo Declaration
In February 2007, the governments of Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia and Malaysia signed the Heart of Borneo Declaration to protect an area of more than 220,000 square kilometres in the centre of the island and bordering all three countries. Together they emphasised the fact that these tropical rainforests have strategic, global, national and local functions, not only for citizens of these three countries but for the global human race. The declaration is supported under important regional and international agreements such as Association of East Asian Nations (ASEAN), Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines East Asia Growth


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Early Encounters in North America
Note: Use of this resource is restricted to current University of Pittsburgh faculty, students, and staff, and may be used for individual research purposes only. Any other use is prohibited.
Early Encounters in North America is a full text collection of primary documents related to early encounters of North American Indian, European, American, and African peoples and cultures in North America, as well as descriptions of the natural features of North America at the time. The documents include: letters, diaries, memoirs, accounts of early encounters, as well as images. The collection is centered on present-day Canada and the United States with some limited coverage of Mexico.
- Citations? Yes
- Abstracts? No
- Full Text? Yes
Frequency of Updates:
Note: For assistance in locating related print resources, please ask for assistance at any library reference desk or submit a question via our Ask-A-Librarian service.


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Moral Calculations : Game Theory, Logic, and Human Frailty, PDF eBook
Moral Calculations : Game Theory, Logic, and Human Frailty PDF
Are people ever rational? Consider this: You auction off a one-dollar bill to the highest bidder, but you set the rules so that the second highest bidder also has to pay the amount of his last bid, even though he gets nothing.
Would people ever enter such an auction? Not only do they, but according to Martin Shubik, the game's inventor, the average winning bid (for a dollar, remember) is $3.40.
Many winners report that they bid so high only because their opponent "went completely crazy." This game lies at the intersection of three subjects of eternal fascination: human psychology, morality, and John von Neumann's game theory.
Hungarian game-theorist Laszlo Mero introduces us to the basics of game theory, including such concepts as zero-sum games, Prisoner's Dilemma and the origins of altruism; shows how game theory is applicable to fields ranging from physics to politics; and explores the role of rational thinking in the context of many different kinds of thinking.
This fascinating, urbane book will interest everyone who wonders what mathematics can tell us about the human condition.
Other Formats
Also by Laszlo Mero


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Aruba (+297) Fake Phone Number Generator
Random Aruba Phone / Mobile Numbers Generator - FakeNumber.in
Aruba Fake Phone Number Generator is simple online tool, which help you to generate bulk phone number database of Aruba in CSV/XML/JSON Format. All these generated random phone numbers are valid and follow the Aruba phone number rules.
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The country code of Aruba is +297 and Aruba Fake phone numbers are starting.
Fake phone numbers randomly generated by FakeNumber.in are unallocated numbers that telephone companies cannot assign to customers in Aruba under current legislation. This is to protect residents against the potential influx of phone calls that they may receive should their telephone numbers appear in a movie or film.
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You can use these Aruba Fake phone numbers for drama use, such as those involving TV shows and radio entertainment, however you can also use our Aruba random phone numbers when providing documented examples on websites or in printed literature.
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Aruba Credit Card Generator


February 2015
Childhood obesity steals dreams.
Screencapture of LiveWell Colorado childhood obesity TV spotOur client LiveWell Colorado is raising awareness around the complex issue of childhood obesity. What are the contributing factors, and how is Colorado collectively making healthy change? We introduced a new TV spot during the 2014 Winter Olympics that addresses the environmental factors leading to childhood obesity. The new campaign has also been trans-created for Colorado's Hispanic audience. It's alarming how today's world is weighing heavy on Colorado kids.


1. Forum
 2. >
 3. Topic: Spanish
 4. >
 5. "Ya veremos."
"Ya veremos."
Translation:We will see.
December 26, 2012
I'm not sure I understand what role 'Ya' plays in this sentence. The previous usage and dictionary definition was 'already' as in "We will see already", which doesn't make a whole lot of sense in English and is marked as incorrect. Can someone explain?
"Ya" can also signal that something will happen in the future. For example "Ya hablaremos" means "We will talk".
Thank you Luis. Is it always necessary to include "ya" or like pronouns can it be omitted since the tense is indicated by the conjugation?
It can be said without "ya", but it's more common to say "ya veremos".
Thanks Luis. I was wondering if it implied annoyance, as in "enough already!" Now I can sound more idiomatic when I sheepishly try my sentences on my Spanish speaking friends!
Can "ahora" be used here as well or is "ya" better for future tense?
If you use "ahora" you are saying that you are going to talk right now. In Spain we sometimes use "ahora hablamos" like "ya hablaremos" because the last one can mean that you are a bit angry.
What is the characteristic of the sentence that tells us whether we should use ya or omit it; veremos is often used without ya to mean very a very similar thing and I'm not sure I would know when to include ya.
I wonder if it is similar to "We will yet see" in English, which could be used in a situation like "Just wait, we will yet see the truth come out".
In other words, ya adds emphasis to the future tense?
"Ya" has many different meanings depending on context, and also plays a role in several idiomatic expressions (like this one). Unfortunately you just have to memorize the idioms, but the usage of "ya" roughly breaks down like this:
When used in affirmative present tense sentences, "ya" most often means "already" or "now/right now" as in: - Juan ya tiene 3 años (Juan is 3 years old now) - Ya son las cinco (It is already 5 o'clock)
When used in negative present tense sentences, it most often means "any longer" or "anymore" as in: - Susana ya no vive en Barcelona (Susana doesn't live in Barcelona anymore)
When used in the past, it most often means "already" as in: - Ya has comido? (Have you eaten already?)
When used in the future, it doesn't translate word-for-word but is used to imply that something will be done "eventually" or "later": - Ya veremos (We will see (eventually) ) <-- the current example - Ya estudiaré (I will study (later) )
Source: Cynthia Smith-Duran (native speaker from LightSpeed Spanish Youtube channel)... _URL_
This is a thorough but clear answer.
Hopefully it will rise to the top, as it is clearly superior to the other explanations.
Unfortunately, good answers don't rise to the top
All I know is "Ya" is quite flexible. I wonder if "Now we will see" would be marked correct. It is also used informally as "Ready?" There is a waitress here who asks "Ya?" to see if I'm done with my plate. :)
correct = now we will se
In Portuguese the equivalent (Já) can be used for immediate future, meaning that it won't take long before the action happens, i suppose it has the same meaning in Spanish, indicating near future
Ya marks a point in the present from hence something will occur.
In fact it has a lot of different uses. For instance it can be translated as "go" or "now" in case you say something like "Preparados, listos, ¡ya!" (Ready, steady, go) or if you say "Para ya" (Stop now) etc
Another example: "Abierto ya" (Now open) when advertising a new business. Yes, many different uses...
That's another example though where you can translate 'ya' as already and it still makes sense. As in 'Already open', (We're already open, come and see us).
Same for 'Para ya', as in 'Stop already'.
I wonder if 'ya' when used with the future tense implies a certainty on the part of an individual that something will happen? That would seem to fit with it's other uses.
Dictionaries have a section on using ya in future tense phrases, and it usually means soon - so it works in the "not long" sense of "see you soon", but also "we'll soon see" which is more about emphasis, expecting that something will happen
Here, "ya" equates to a usage of our "yet" that is a bit on the rare side. "Crees que no te voy a ganar? Ya verás" "Think I won't beat you? You'll see yet!"
I heard bebemos not veremos.........was I the only one?
I misheard this as "Ya bebemos", and was marked wrong. I am okay with it, but wonder if "Ya bebemos" is in fact a correct sentence of its own, which I would translate as, "We already are drinking." Can anyone tell me if I am right in this thinking? Thank you for your assistance.
I've heard something like this in the movies, those which feature conversations between New Yorkers whose heritage is eastern Europe: "So, we'll talk already!" or "So we'll look into it already". There are equivalents to this kind of idiom in lots of languages. How about English: "OK, we'll see." or "Yeah, we'll see".
I think that the "Ya" is a quasi-polite way of say, "Enough!" or "Enough already!", i.e., "The conservation is over."
Ya has no meaning here
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Similarities Between Medieval Japan And Medieval Europe
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Comparison EssayShogunate Japan and Medieval Europe
When people think of "Medieval", they often relate this to Europe. However, there was once a Medieval Japan too, and this time stretched from _PHONE_ CE. During this period, Shoguns ruled Japan, and they defined it as "Medieval" because, just like Europe society in Japan at this time was feudal in structure. Medieval Europe lasted from the 5th to the 15th century, and was often referred to as Christendom, because most civilians were Christians. Although they didn't have any direct contact with one another, there were many similarities and differences in these two times. The ones this essay will focus on are; castles, health and hygiene and the social structure.
Between castles
…show more content…
In Medieval England, the streets were covered in debris and waste. Sewerage was thrown out of their windows, and often it landed straight into the river. Everything was filthy, including themselves. They bathed about twice a year, and they never seemed to realise that disease and death linked together. Their medical procedures simply used things such as leeching and bleeding. I mainly think these differences occurred because cleanliness was linked to most of the Japanese peoples' religion. In Medieval England, it was not.
Social Structure
The Japanese social structure was a lot more complicated than the Europeans simple and permanent one. They were a lot more specific on who went where, and they had several levels of peasants. This structure was determined by looking at how much you contributed to the society, and the more you did, obviously the more important on the ranking you were. The Eta and Hinin were considered "unhuman" because they did work which went against the laws of Buddhism. In medieval Europe, the social structure was simple; if you were a peasant, there was no changing that. You were a peasant! The King was only answerable to the Pope, as during this time the Catholic Church was extremely powerful, having their say in practically everything. The difference between these two is that the Japanese simply had a ruler (the emperor), and although of course they were swayed by their religion, the Emperor had a strong say, whereas the European
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React Native
Formik is 100% compatible with React Native and React Native Web. However, because of differences between ReactDOM's and React Native's handling of forms and text input, there are some differences to be aware of. This section will walk you through them and what we consider to be best practices.
The gist
Before going any further, here's a super minimal gist of how to use Formik with React Native that demonstrates the key differences:
// Formik x React Native example
import React from'react';
import { Button, TextInput, View } from'react-native';
import { Formik } from 'formik';
export const MyReactNativeForm = props => (
initialValues={{ email: '' }}
onSubmit={values => console.log(values)}
{({ handleChange, handleBlur, handleSubmit, values }) => (
As you can see above, the notable differences between using Formik with React DOM and React Native are:
 1. Formik's handleSubmit is passed to a instead of HTML component (since there is no element in React Native).
 2. uses Formik's handleChange(fieldName) and handleBlur(fieldName) instead of directly assigning the callbacks to props, because we have to get the fieldName from somewhere and with React Native we can't get it automatically like in web (using input name attribute). You can also use setFieldValue(fieldName, value) and setFieldTouched(fieldName, bool) as an alternative.
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text:
What does the idiom "The pot calling the kettle black" mean?
Idioms are generally defined as groups of words that form a meaningful whole when they come together, even though the words in them do not make sense on their own. They have produced many idioms according to their own cultural characteristics in communities using the English language. What does The pot calling the kettle black mean? In what situations is The pot calling the kettle black used?
Meaning of "The pot calling the kettle black"
The phrase "the pot calling the kettle black" is used to refer to a situation where someone levels a criticism or an accusation towards another person, while ironically, the accuser is actually guilty of the same offense. This idiom is used to point out the hypocrisy of the accuser.
The idiom "the pot calling the kettle black" is believed to have originated in the 16th century. The phrase appeared in a 1546 work by playwright and satirist John Heywood titled "A dialogue conteinyng the nomber in effect of all the prouerbes in the Englishe tongue." In the play, a man named John accuses his friend Tom of being too critical of others, and responds with the phrase, "Why, thou doest so, when thou sayest my pot is black and thine is white, the pot calling the kettle black".
The idiom "the pot calling the kettle black" is used to describe a situation in which someone is making accusations or criticisms at another person, while they are guilty of the same offense. It's often used as a way to point out the hypocrisy of the accuser. This idiom can be used to refer to actual situations, as well as more figurative arguments. For example, someone might accuse their friend of being bad with money, while failing to recognize that they too have a history of mismanaging their finances.
- When Jenny started criticizing her sister for wearing too much makeup, her father reminded her of the pot calling the kettle black—she wears a lot of makeup, too.
- I think it's a bit hypocritical of my boss to give me a hard time about being late to work, when he's often late himself—it's like the pot calling the kettle black.
Idioms with similar meanings in different languages
"Barking up the wrong tree" is an English idiom that means to pursue a mistaken or misguided course of action. In German, the similar idiom is "Auf dem Holzweg sein," which translates to "To be on the wrong track." This idiom emphasizes the idea that when you are pursuing the wrong course of action, you are not going to achieve your desired outcome.


text:
When you examine the playback devices after you start a computer that is running Windows Vista or Windows Server 2008, some audio devices are missing or display the "Not plugged in" status
You have a computer that is running Windows Vista or Windows Server 2008. You examine the playback devices on the Playback tab in the Sound dialog box after you start the computer. Then, you notice one or more of the following issues:
- Some audio devices are missing.
- The status of some audio devices is "Not plugged in."
- This problem typically occurs for HDMI devices that are set to be the default audio device.
- This problem may be resolved if you restart the computer.
For more information on this issue, including potential causes, workarounds, and resolutions, see: Microsoft KB Article KB974868.


text:
Traditional discussions of gender in Hindu traditions often begin with a critique of patriarchy in orthodox Brahmanical Dharmaśāstras, followed by a turn to potential feminist resources—for example, in goddess worship, Śākta traditions, and Tantra. One effect of this line of thinking has been a relative absence within Hindu studies of reflections on gender in relation to state power, a thematic hallmark of feminist postcolonial histories of South Asia. Geslani's talk reframes the question of gender in premodern Hindu traditions by historicizing orthodox gender theories in relation to other contemporaneous interlocutors. He focuses on royal sexual politics as depicted in the astral sciences, Jyotiḥśāstras, which he argues are crucial texts for uncovering the ideology of the medieval state. When placed in relation to ritual and omenology, an astral theory of conjugality reveals the uniquely gendered power of royal bodies to naturalize political consent.
Marko Geslani is Assistant Professor of Religious Studies at the University of South Carolina. He is the author of Rites of the God-King: Śānti and Ritual Change in Early Hinduism (Oxford University Press 2018).
Sponsored by the IHC South Asian Religions and Cultures Research Focus Group


text: The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of a game called Star Power to teach professional skills to mechanical engineering undergraduates. The game was conducted as an activity in a final year Professional Practice unit. A survey in the form of a questionnaire was administered to participating students in the following semester of studies after a summer break. The survey showed that the majority of the students believed they had improved their professional skills from playing Star Power. Although the game is typically used in the teaching of sociology, this study demonstrated that the game can provide a rich and versatile setting in which different elements of professional skills that are important to an engineer can be incorporated and developed.


text:
Is it cool for parents to use their children's slang? What's wrong with the term illegal alien? Grant and Martha discuss possible alternatives. Yehudi refers to the mysterious character who holds up strapless dresses, turns the light on in the fridge, and does lots of other things we can't see. But why Yehudi? Also, terms from the lexicon of anatomy, an idiom puzzle, putzing around, out of pocket, long in the tooth, the ancient roots of the folksy expression even a blind pig can find an acorn, and answers to the question, "What do you call the slobber marks a dog leaves on a window?"
This episode first aired December 3, 2011.
Does your vocabulary mark you as old or outdated? Certain words really indicate generational gaps, like chronological shibboleths. For example, are thongs panties or flip-flops? And what do women carry around — a pocketbook, a purse, or a bag? Your answer likely depends on when you were born.
Parents Using Kids' Slang
At what point is it inappropriate for parents to use the slang of their offspring? Can you call your son dude, or give your kids a beatdown in Scrabble? Living with children makes for a slang-filled home, so it becomes part of your regular speech. So long as your children aren't mortified, go for it.
Yehudi Did It
Who is Yehudi, and what exactly does he do? In the 1930s on Bob Hope's radio show there was a musical guest named Yehudi Menuhin. His name proved so catchy, along with sidekick Jerry Colonna's joking phrase, "Who's Yehudi?" that it entered the common vernacular, coming to refer to anyone, or anything, mysterious. Yehudi is, for example, the little man that turns on the light inside the refrigerator. He holds up strapless dresses. The Navy even had a secret project named Project Yehudi.
Charles Hodgson's Carnal Knowledge: A Navel Gazer's Dictionary of Anatomy is chock-full of great terms. It's best to keep the lipstick within the vermillion border, or that line where the lips meet the skin. And be careful when applying around the wick, or the corner of the mouth.
But Word Quiz
Our Quizmaster John Chaneski has a puzzle based on clues with everything but the but. For example, when likening someone to a house, we say the lights are on, but nobody's home. Or regarding a noisy political contest, it's all over but the shouting.
If someone's being a bit lazy, or just moseying aimlessly, we say they're putzing around. But the word put derives from the Yiddish for penis. Plenty of Yiddish words have made their way into the common vernacular, especially in the Northeast.
A physician wants to know: Is it politically correct to use the phrase illegal alien? The Society of Professional Journalists have decided, collectively, to use illegal immigrant but even words like illegal or undocumented can often be inaccurate. If, for example, doctors are talking about a patient, they want to recognize the patient as an individual person, not a statistic.
Speaking of those generational divides, did you know that Post-It notes haven't always been around? Martha shares a listener's funny email about that.
Even a Blind Pig
If you're having a tough time finding something, remember that even a blind pig can find an acorn once in a while. This encouraging idiom actually comes from ancient Rome, where the concept of a blind animal turning something up lent itself to the Latin saying that a blind dove sometimes finds a pea. An 18th-century Friedrich Schiller play employed the blind-pig-and-acorn version, and the play's translation into English and French may have brought it into modern English speech.
What event in life introduced you to a whole new vocabulary? Going away to college, having a child, renovating a home, or even getting diagnosed with a medical condition often exposes us to huge bundles of new words. If you're renovating a house for example, suddenly a whole slew of new words muscles its way into your vocabulary, such as backsplash, shoe molding, quarter-sawn oak, sconce, grout, and bullnose.
Out of Pocket
What does out of pocket mean? The answer splits down racial lines. Among many African-Americans, if someone's out of pocket, they're out of line or unruly. For most non-African-American speakers, out of pocket is primarily used in business settings, meaning that someone is either unavailable or out of the office, or they're paying for something with personal money, with an expectation of being reimbursed later.
What do you call those slobber marks that dogs leave on the inside of car windows? Some of our favorites are woofmarks, dog schmear, and snot kisses.
Is your name a conversation piece? A listener by the name of H. Christian Blood shares his story growing up with a colorful name. And for those of you with a comment to make, Christian Blood would remind you that he's heard plenty of it over the years, so unless it's really something sharp and original, it's best not to waste your breath. And yes, his name is for real.
Pennsylvania Dutch Saying
What crawled over your liver? This Pennsylvania Dutch idiom means "What's the matter with you?"
Long In The Tooth
If someone's getting long in the tooth, it means they're getting old, or too old for their behavior. The metaphor of long teeth comes from horses. If you look at a horse's teeth and the extent to which their gums have receded, you can tell pretty accurately how old they are. It's the same source as that old advice, "Don't look a gift horse in the mouth," which means "if someone gives you a gift, don't inspect it too closely."
Photo by Carnie Lewis. Used under a Creative Commons license.
Book Mentioned in the Broadcast
|Carnal Knowledge: A Navel Gazer's Dictionary of Anatomy by Charles Hodgson|
Music Used in the Broadcast
|Kohoutek||Father's Children||Who's Gonna Save The World||Numero Group|
|Dirty Red||Funk Inc||Hangin' Out||Prestige|
|Where I'm Coming From||Leon Spencer||Where I'm Coming From||Prestige|
|I Can See Clearly Now||Funk Inc||Hangin' Out||Prestige|
|Kelly's Eye||UK Groove Library||Feeling The Breeze – Music De Wolfe||UK Groove Library|
|Let's Call The Whole Thing Off||Ella Fitzgerald||Ella Fitzgerald Sings The George and Ira Gerswin Songbook||Verve|


cement mortar calculation
Quantity of cement mortar is required for rate analysis of brickwork and plaster or estimation of masonry work for a building or structure. Cement mortar is used in various proportions, i.e. 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 etc.
Calculation of quantity of cement mortar in brickwork and plaster:
For the calculation of cement mortar, let us assume that we use 1m3 of cement mortar. Procedure for calculation is:
1. Calculate the dry volume of materials required for 1m3 cement mortar. Considering voids in sands, we assume that materials consists of 60% voids. That is, for 1m3 of wet cement mortar, 1.6m3 of materials are required.
2. Now we calculate the volume of materials used in cement mortar based on its proportions.
Let's say, the proportion of cement and sand in mortar is 1:X, where X is the volume of sand required.
Then, the volume of sand required for 1:X proportion of 1m3 cement mortar will be
3. Volume of cement will be calculated as:
Since the volume of 1 bag of cement is 0.0347 m3, so the number of bag of cement will be calculated as:
For cement mortar of 1:6, the quantity calculated will be as below:
Sand quantity
Quantity of cement (in bags):
Volume of cement =
There number of bags required = = 6.58 bags.
Written by
Chief Operating Officer at Deep Real Estate Developers


pet products
parakeet in a nest box
Do Parakeets need a nest box? ( Rest, Sleep, Breeding )
If you're preparing to get a pet parakeet, you may be pondering over whether or not your parakeet needs a nest or nest box. Knowing what to buy and what not to buy for a new pet, especially a pet that is not as common as a cat or a dog, can be perplexing.
The question is, does a domestic parakeet that has all the comforts of life provided by a human caretaker really need a nest? Do they sleep in one, breed in one?
Parakeets need a nest for breeding, resting, and privacy. Domestic parakeets do not build nests, so one will need to be provided for them in captivity. In the wild parakeets will use hollow trees and other places to rest. Breeding parakeets need a special nesting box, a place where they can lay eggs and protect them.
What kind of nest does a parakeet need?
In the wild, the majority of parakeets build their nests in holes in trees. However, the Monk Parakeet builds a bulky stick nest in the branches of a tree, for sleeping in and for raising its young.
In captivity, nothing this elaborate—or traditionally nest-y—is necessary. Parakeets are low maintenance birds and do not require a conventional nest; they simply need somewhere for privacy and rest.
Your parakeet will be happy with a small enclosure inside its cage that it can go inside, be unseen, and get some sleep. An excellent choice is a small hut with a soft sleeping mat inside.
wild parakeet nesting
What does a pet Parakeet need besides a nest?
First, the bigger the parakeet cage, the better. Opt for the largest enclosure in your budget and that you have space for in your home. The cage should be no smaller than 18" x 18" x 24" and should have several perches for your parakeet to stand on.
We like the Prevue Hendryx Cage from Amazon ( Link )
Line the aviary with bedding made of recycled paper, or you can use a specific cage liner. Replace the lining no less than every other day; parakeets despise an untidy living environment.
Place your parakeet's cage below eye level and away from the kitchen and any windows. Parakeets have a sensitivity to smoke and strong odors, so they should be kept safely away from anywhere they could be exposed to such irritants. A nest box is another way to escape the bright light or sunshine.
Your parakeet also needs food, water, and toys in their cage.
A parakeet should eat a balanced diet of pellets, bird seed blend, fresh fruits and vegetables, treats, and plenty of water, which should be changed every day.
The types of toys parakeets enjoy playing with are bells, chew toys, puzzles, creative/fun perches, ladders, and swings.
A cuttlebone is also something important for a parakeet to have in their cage. Parakeets use cuttlebones to smooth their growing beak, almost like a nail file for humans. It also provides nutrients that are otherwise difficult for your parakeet to get in their diet.
Some people have concerns about letting their parakeets have cuttlebones, but it's a 100% natural product; it's the endoskeleton, or inner bone, of a cuttlefish. The Humane Society has ruled that it is entirely safe for parakeets to have cuttlebones.
Parakeets Sleeping Habits
In captivity, parakeets typically sleep on the same schedule as their caretakers and nap during the day, much like cats or dogs. However, parakeets are a bit finicky over sleeping conditions, and there are a few things that will affect the quality of a parakeet's sleep:
 - Parakeets don't like total darkness—Either get them a night light or don't cover their cage completely at night.
 - Parakeets scare easily by loud noises—Make sure they have somewhere quiet to rest and try not to make loud, abrupt sounds while they're sleeping.
 - Parakeets do not like messy cages—Clean their cage regularly, or you will get some sass from your parakeet.
 - Parakeets do not like it too cold or too hot—Keep the temperature in their cage environment from 70°-80°F.
Other than that, it's quite simple, parakeets like a quiet, private, warm place to cuddle up and sleep. As long as you've provided a comfortable nest for your parakeet and you make sure that it has prime sleeping conditions, your parakeet should rest easily.
You should make sure that your parakeet gets enough rest (9-12 hours per day) because it will get cranky if it doesn't. A soft sleeping nest like the Keeris Soft nest box on Amazon will provide a safe, warm, and dark place to rest or sleep.
parakeet in a nest
Do you need a nest or nest box to breed Parakeets?
Yes, parakeets can breed in captivity. It's not very difficult. Under the optimal conditions, parakeets will breed with little encouragement from their caretakers.
Two parakeets of the opposite sex in a cage together will typically pair up, but if it does not happen right away, give it a few days before intervening.
Some pairs of parakeets chosen to mate will fail to bond after having been stuck in a cage together. It's common for a fail-bond pair to be defensive and hostile towards one another. In this case, take a step back and reconsider your matchmaking. Re-pair your parakeets and try again.
Breeding Season
The parakeet mating season is during the wet spring season and the summer. Still, parakeets in the northern United States breed during the entire year. However, they do need daylight hours to trigger the mating instinct.
Breeding Age
Parakeets mature to breeding age at around six months, but you shouldn't breed them until at least ten months. You should not breed a parakeet at six months because they aren't ready to be good parents just because they have reached physical maturity; they still have brain development to finish, and they need to reach mental maturity, which doesn't happen until at least ten months.
Nesting Requirements
A parakeet breeding cage's dimensions should be no less than 25" x 15" x 15". The breeding pair should be in this cage alone, away from all the other parakeets. The breeding cage should have all of the cage amenities detailed in the sections above, plus a nesting box, which you should affix to the side of the cage.
Just as with nests, in the wild, parakeets breed in holes in trees. For successful breeding in captivity, you need to simulate a hole in a tree—nesting boxes made of wood with holes for the parakeets to enter and exit work perfectly for this.
PINVNBY Parakeet Nest Box Bird House Budgie Wood Breeding Box for Lovebirds, Parrotlets Mating Box (M: inch)
 in stock
as of August 5, 2021 08:18
You should line the inside of the nesting box with something for the female to lay her eggs on, such as soft nesting material.
Some parakeets won't use the nesting box and will lay eggs on the floor of their cage. You can teach your parakeet to use the nesting box by placing her eggs inside the nesting box to show her that's where she should lay her eggs in the future.
Parakeet Nesting Behaviors
When your parakeet becomes a parent, its behavior will likely change. Like any parent in the animal kingdom, parakeets experience the natural instinct to protect their young. Hormones that parakeets begin to release when protecting their eggs cause them to display increased aggression rather commonly.
You should avoid handling your parakeet during this stage of early parenthood. Over time, the hormones will subside. Your parakeet will return to the personality it had before becoming a parent; it may even allow you to play with its babies.
Final Thoughts
A nest is a place where your parakeet can feel safe and secure. They will not build one so remember to buy a suitable nest box or build one yourself if you want you parakeet to relax and enjoy their home.