Maui Real Estate Blog
What The FAQ is a Residential Condo?
If you browse through enough home or land listings on Maui, you may encounter some terms that may leave you scratching your head. Words like residential condominium, condominium home or CPR seem out of place when it comes to home and land listings. That said, these aren't typos. Residential Condominiums are an increasingly popular form of ownership. This post attempts to define residential condos and answer some of the most frequently asked questions we receive from prospective residential condo buyers.
Frequently Asked Questions on Maui Residential Condos
What exactly is a residential condo?
I think it is safe to say that most understand how condos work in an apartment building setting. At a basic level, Residential condos takes the same principles and apply them to land that is zoned to allow multiple structures. For example, zoning rules for an agriculturally zoned lot allow the potential for a main house and a cottage. With the residential condo process, the main house and a surrounding area of land becomes one unit of the condo. The cottage and a surrounding area of land becomes the other unit of the condo.
I have seen the term CPR before in listing remarks. What does that mean?
CPR is not just an abbreviation for cardio pulmonary resuscitation. In a Hawaii real estate context, it is an abbreviation for Condominium Property Regime. The CPR process is how condominium homes are created. A CPR is the legal mechanism where a single property can be divided into two separate units of ownership. Each unit of ownership has its own deed, it may have its own mortgage and it has its own Tax Map Key.
How does a CPR process differ from a subdivision?
A CPR is not the same as a subdivision. The CPR process takes one property and divides it into two or more separate units of ownership. The process does not create additional entitlements to build more structures. For example, if you subdivided a five acre piece of agricultural land into to two lots, each lot would then have the potential for a home and a cottage. If the same five acre parcel were to go through the CPR process, one unit might have the rights to build a main house and the other unit may have the rights to the ohana unit.
Do I Own the Underlying Land with a Residential Condo?
The owners of the condominum units collectively own the underlying land. That said, limited common elements may be designated for the exclusive use of each unit. Exclusive is the key term. That means your partner in the condo can't just meander into your yard area when they see fit.
Do Residential Condos have Common Elements?
Sometimes. The most frequent common elements relate to water and access. Two or more condos will sometimes share a single water meter. Two or more units might share a driveway or a portion of a driveway. In some cases, they may share both. Some residential condo properties on island have an area of common land shared by all of the different condo owners. There are some condo developments on island where almost all of the property is considered to be common element. In those cases, each unit may have a very small limited common element around the structure.
Do Residential Condos have Maintenance fees?
It is typical to have a nominal maintenance fee. Most frequently, the fee goes towards liability insurance for any common areas and the maintenance and maintenance reserves for those common areas. The larger and more elaborate the common area, the higher the fee. If there is nothing shared between the units of a condo, there may be no fee at all.
Are There More Rules with Residential Condos than a conventional home?
That depends on the intention of the people who created the condo. Some condo associations impose rules above and beyond county zoning. That said, most of the residential condo bylaws create no additional rules or regulations above and beyond county code.
Can any property go through the CPR process?
Some homeowners associations restrict CPR properties. For properties with existing structures, all homes need to go through miscellaneous inspections with the county. The structures need to comply with county zoning with all necessary permits in place. If the improvements on the property aren't fully permitted, that could delay or prohibit the CPR process.
Is there a difference between a CPR property that is vacant land and a CPR property that has homes?
At a base level, they are similar. It is the same general process. I know some attorneys believe that CPRing raw land (sometimes called a spatial CPR) carries a little more risk. The risk is that one unit owner's construction efforts could impact the construction efforts of the other unit owner. An owner who builds too much home or uses too many water fixtures could limit the plans of the other owner.
Typically, units of land sold as CPRs come with defined entitlements. Again, I will use an agricultural lot as an example. One unit of land receives entitlements to build a main house. The other unit of land receives entitlements to build an ohana of 1,000 square feet or less. If the ohana unit owner were to build first, and to build a structure larger than 1,000 square feet of living space, the owner of the main house unit may find themselves in a situation where they aren't able to build over 1,000 square feet.
There is also some risk if the two unit owners share a county water meter. If the first person to build goes a little overboard with the number of plumbing fixtures for their unit, it could leave the other owner with fewer fixtures than anticipated.
I know of just one circumstance where the ohana side of the CPR overbuilt. I haven't heard first hand of any issues with someone hogging all of the water fixtures. That said, I want to help illuminate potential risks even if they aren't likely to occur. Condo documents should spell out the entitlements available to each unit. They should also offer some means to mitigate against the above risks. If there are any questions about the documents, hire a Hawaii Real Estate attorney to assist with document review.
Is there anything else I should know about the process of buying a residential condo?
There are a couple of things to note. If it is the first time the condo is being sold, the buyer has a 30 day rescission period. Not all attorneys are equal when it comes to the creation of condominium documents. More specifically, some do a great job and others write confusing documents with too many loop holes and ambiguities. Repeating the advice from the question above, it is worth the investment to hire a qualified Hawaii Real Estate attorney to review the condo documents. They can answer the legal questions about the condo documents that are outside the scope of your Realtor's services.
Why do people choose to CPR a property?
There are a number of reasons why people choose to condo.
 - Statistics show that the CPR process creates equity. The sum of selling the units of a CPR minus the cost of the CPR exceeds the value of a whole property that has not been through the CPR process.
 - Not everyone wants or needs all of the building entitlements that come with a property. Some don't want or need an ohana on their property.
 - The units of a CPR tend to create more affordable options for buyers.
 - CPRs allow for the split of a property in a tenants in common situation or among family members.
 - It does not typically require the improvements necessary for a subdivision.
 - It is typically faster than the subdivision process.
Are there any downsides to CPRing a property?
 - We mentioned the potential risk with a spatial CPR above.
 - The CPR process requires some sort of ongoing relationship between unit owners.
 - There is the potential for shared liability with building or zoning violations. The County could attribute the violation to the whole property instead of citing just the specific unit.
 - Taxes could go up on the property if you retain both units. This is particularly the case if you have a homeowner tax assessment.
Hopefully, this answers some of our reader's questions on CPRs. Special thanks to Jacob Wormser, Attorney at Law. His letter to prospective condominium clients helped clarify some of my own questions on the CPR process. Still have questions? Contact the Maui Real Estate Team and we will do our best to provide answers or direct you to the right resources if we can't do it ourselves.
Published August 13, 2019
Pete Jalbert
Maui Real Estate Blog
Cedar Cottage in Tropical Haiku
This beautiful cedar cottage is situated on approximately one acre in the Maui Ranch Estates neighborhood of Haiku. The home features, two beds, two baths, a two car garage and a large lanai. The home was built in 2003 and has been well maintained with strong pride of ownership. The one acre parcel provides, privacy yet still offers a sense of space. Maui Ranch Estates is located in tropical Haiku close to Makawao Town, Ho'okipa Beach Park, Paia Town and other North Shore amenities.
This is a residential condo. This home is co-listed with Maui Paradise Properties and offered at $559,000. You can see more photos and details on the 183 Kapuai, Haiku listing page. You may also contact the Maui Real Estate Team to arrange a showing or to discuss the property.
Pete Jalbert


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The confusion seems to be a result of a heavy NP shift (heavy noun phrase shift).
with a view toward bringing it to a conclusion.
with a view toward bringing to a conclusion it.*
* denotes incorrect usage
We wouldn't move it to the end of the sentence because it is too light. However, in our sentence we instead have the UN Security Council's consideration of this matter, which is a heavy NP (noun phrase), so it can be shifted to the end.
with a view toward bringing to [a satisfactory conclusion] [the UN Security Council's consideration of this matter].
It might be easier to understand the phrase by moving the heavy NP back:
with a view toward bringing [the UN Security Council's consideration of this matter] to [a satisfactory conclusion].
With that, it should be easy to see that this heavy NP is simply the "Council's consideration", where "Council" means the UN Security Council, and the "consideration" means the consideration of this matter, and it's the Council's consideration.
The part "addressing the UN Security Council resolutions, with a view toward bringing to a satisfactory conclusion the UN Security Councilˈs consideration of this matter" would refer to such addressing and it means that the addressing would be done with a view toward bringing the Council's consideration to a satisfactory conclusion.
As for whether including, among other things is redundant or not, I would say that it can be considered redundant; however, in my opinion, if we removed the among other things part, the addressing would appear to be less important than it currently is, as it appears in the original sentence.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Congratulations to Sandra M. Lima Rocha Teixeira Neves and Richard Baker McElroy, the two students who were chosen as the 2018-19 Rovelstad scholarship recipients. They were selected among an impressive field of library and information science students.
Students who had completed at least 6 credits in the Master's in Library and Information Science program by the end of the spring semester of 2019 were eligible to apply. Each applicant submitted a statement of achievements, career interests, and goals in less than 750 words; along with a detailed curriculum vitae which included their volunteer activities, association memberships, attendance at professional conferences and workshops, and similar activities. They also provided two references.
Finalists for the scholarship were interviewed by the committee, which based its decision on the following:
- Academic achievement in the program
- Demonstrated commitment to the profession as evidenced in course work, personal statement, curriculum vitae, and letters of recommendation
- Potential for success as evidenced in all application documents
- Indication of financial need
Rovelstad Scholarship Committee
Dr. Jane Zhang, Chair
Dr. Renate Chancellor
Dr. Deanna Marcum


Gama Essenza | Máquinas de Café | Nespresso
Skip to content
 VarB: "Null"
The essential of the Nespresso Range
 - Key benefits
 Coffee size: Espresso & Lungo
 - Fast heat up
 - Automatic off mode after 9 minutes
A revolution in the coffee world
Essenza intelligently combines a compact design and rare simplicity of use, to make each tasting a real work of art.
Make your Espresso and Lungo
with a simple pressure.
Warm up ultra fast water to a constant
temperature, cup after cup.
The iconic timeless
design of Nespresso
 - How to take care of my machine?
 ADD A LINK TO: Order a descaling kit now"
 2. Eject your capsules after each use
 3. Frequently change the water tank with fresh drinking water
 4. Regularly empty and clean the capsule container and drip tray
 - How high is the percentage of recyclable material used in Nespresso machines?
 On average, our machines have a 60% recyclability potential.
 And today, Nespresso Club Members can bring their machines back to wherever they bought them or in any electrical appliance store. In Europe,, the European Union's Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) has been in force since 2003. It provides a framework in which consumers can return their used electrical and electronic appliances for recycling.
 - What does it mean 19 bars?
 - What does it mean the blinkings (or no light) of my Essenza machine?
 1. If slow and alternate blinkings (every 2 seconds) mean that the machine is in power save mode (stand-by). This mode is activated after 9 minutes of non-use.
 To exit mode, press on any coffee button. The machine is ready when buttons will stop blinking.
 It is possible to deactivate/activate the stand-by mode.
 - switch off the machine
 - press the 2 coffee buttons and hold them pressed while switching on the machine
 - stand-by mode is deactivated (buttons are blinking alternatively 3x) or activated (buttons are blinking alternatively 5x)
 2. If fast and regular blinking, it may indicate that the machine is in the descaling mode or the emptying system is activated. Please check the user manuals or go on the machine assistance videos ( ADD the link)
 3. Irregular blinking, please call the call center"
 - My Essenza machine has a poor or no coffee flow?
 1. If no coffee flow, please check that:
 - the mains supply cord is not trapped between the water tank and the machine
 - the water tank is sufficiently filled and properly positioned
 - your machine is turned on (lights ON)
 2. If poor flow, it means you need to descale your machine "
Do you have any other questions?
Aeroccino Milk Frother


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Atmosculator is a freeware Mac OS X application, written using Cocoa & Objective-C, that calculates key properties of the Earth's atmosphere as a function of altitude using the 1976 Standard Atmosphere Model. It includes extensive Help on the basis of the model and a mathematical derivation showing how the properties are calculated.
What is new in this release:
- The first Intel-native release; it should run on any Mac with an Intel processor running OS X 10.7 or later.
- It has been released as a beta with a 3 month expiration (good until 2/28/15) so you can help with testing.
- If any problems are found during this period, I will include fixes in the official 3.0 release early in 2015
- A sign error in Atmosculator's built-in documentation, has been fixed. The sign used in front of the h in the numerical solutions should have been - not + for the altitudes between 167,323 and 232,940 ft and also between 232,940 and 278,386 ft. Please see this ERRATA for the online documentation. Thanks to R. Wayne Wilson for catching this.
- A typo in the formula for the gas constant in Atmosculator's built-in documentation has been fixed. Under Gas Properties, the equation for the Specific Gas Constant in terms of the Universal Gas Constant should read R = R*/M and not R = R**M. Please see this ERRATA for the online documentation. Thanks to Quentin Minster for catching this.
Mac OS X 10.2 or higher


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The Kinematics and Dynamics of Galactic Rings
The Physics of Resonance
The physics involved in resonance entails the differential rotation of a galaxy's bar with respect to particles in the the disk of the galaxy. Put simply, it is the value of the bar pattern angular velocity in relation to the angular frequency of circular rotation and the radial epicyclic frequency of every star and dust cloud in the disk of the galaxy. The epicycles are actually closed elliptical orbits of material in the disk of the galaxy that are precessing around the central region of the galaxy. How fast a bar pattern rotates determines what kind of resonance you end up with in a galaxy. If the bar pattern speed is fast enough then it is believed that it can push a spiral out to the Outer Lindblad Resonance (OLR). If OLR is in the visible disk then it may lead to ring and pseudoring formation. The three major resonances relevant to ring formation are:Outer Lindblad Resonance (OLR)
Inner Lindblad Resonance (ILR)
Inner 4:1 Ultraharmonic Resonance (UHR)
Figure 1. The OLR subclass of outer pseudoringsFigure. 2.
Schematic showing the relative shapes, sizes, and major-axis orientations of all of the bar and ring features of NGC 3081, including the "dimples" in the outer R1 ring feature. Here "nr" refers to the nuclear ring, and "nb" to the nuclear (secondary) bar. Axes are labeled in arcsecond offsets relative to the nucleus. North is at the top, and east is to the left.
Image and description source: A HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE STUDY OF STAR FORMATION IN THE INNER RESONANCE RING OF NGC 3081
by R. Buta et al.
Other important types of resonance are corotation (CR)
and the outer 4:1 resonance
. In corotation (CR) the periodic rate of rotation of the bar is equal to the angular frequency of circular rotation of the disk. In the outer 4:1 resonance the periodic rate of rotation of the bar is equal to the angular frequency of circular rotation plus 1/4 of the radial epicyclic frequency.
Figure 3. Corotation resonace (CR)
If you read nothing else on this subject, at the very least, read Galactic Rings
by R. Buta and F. Combes. I consider this a must-read. (very highly recommended)
Another paper worth reading is the following:
Title: The Morphology of Barred Galaxies
Authors: Buta, R.
Journal: Barred galaxies. Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series, Volume 91; Proceedings of a conference held at the University of Alabama; Tuscaloosa; Alabama; 30 May - 3 June 1995; San Francisco: Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP #91); |c1996; edited by R. Buta, D. A. Crocker and B. G. Elmegreen, p.11
Bibliographic Code: 1996ASPC...91...11BTABLE I.
Summary of notation for ring and lens phenomena (below) from the paper (above), Galactic Rings
by R. Buta and F. Combes.
|TABLE I. Summary of notation for ring and lens phenomena|
|R1||Type 1 OLR subclass outer ring|
|R1'||Type 1 OLR subclass outer pseudoring|
|R2'||Type 2 OLR subclass outer pseudoring|
Here's a wonderful paper written by Dr. Ronald Buta et al on a study done with the Hubble Space Telescope of the inner resonance ring of NGC 3081. Even though the paper's focus is on this one galaxy, it gives the reader a much more in-depth understanding of the kinematics and dynamics of inner rings in general. Admittedly, it's a little technical, but well worth reading. A HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE STUDY OF STAR FORMATION IN THE INNER RESONANCE RING OF NGC 3081
The Origins of Spiral Arms
How Two, Three and Four Arms Are CreatedThe Origins of Spiral Arms
by a Single Galactic Bar
- translated by Charles Danforth, University of ColoradoFigure 1.
By aligning a series of concentric elliptical (2/1) orbits, a bar can be produced (a). If each ellipse is given an azimuthal offset proportional to r½
, the effect is a two armed spiral of orbits (b). A set of (3/2) orbits produces a three armed spiral (c) and (4/1) produces a four armed pattern (d).
The above illustration is from The Origins of Spiral Arms
by Charles Danforth, University of Colorado.
Star-Forming Nuclear Rings in Spiral Galaxies
Here's a paper entitled Star-Forming Nuclear Rings in Spiral Galaxies.pdf
Examples of the Application of the Notation for Ring
and Lens Types to Actual Images of Galaxies
I realize that this is a lot to swallow all at once. So, I have provided a couple of examples of objects, each with a very sophisticated classification using feature symbols from Table I. There is a summary of notation for ring and lens phenomena below. But, I have also included "alternative" classifications from both NED and SIMBAD, which are considerably simpler, to give you a better idea of what you may come across in Galaxy Analysis. Thank you for reading.
Classifications: (R1R2')SAB(r,nr)0/a Alternative ClassificationsSIMBAD
Basic data: Seyfert 1 Galaxy*
Morphological type S0:rNED
Classifications: (R_1)SAB(r)0/a Sy2*
*SIMBAD and NED seem to be in disagreement on whether this is a Seyfert 1 or a Seyfert 2 galaxy.
RA = 6:50.1, Dec. = +60:51
Classifications: (RR)SB(rs)a Sy2Alternative ClassificationsSIMBAD
Basic data: Seyfert 2 Galaxy
Morphological type SBaNED
Classifications: SB(r)a: Sy2
The thumbnails (below) are more examples of ring and pseudoring classifications.


The Mario's Super Picross wiki last edited by do_pe on 03/27/14 01:32AM View full history
Mario no Super Picross is the Super Famicom sequel to the Game Boy title Mario's Picross. This game builds on the pixel-chiseling puzzle gameplay introduced by its predecessor with more puzzles that are larger and even more challenging and new rules courtesy of the "Wario's Picross" mode. Originally a Japan-only title when it was released in 1995, Mario no Super Picross was released in PAL territories via the Wii Virtual Console for 900 Wii points in September of 2007.
The basic puzzle solving mechanics and gameplay have carried over from Nintendo's first Picross title. The puzzles involve a square grid of cells where the player must determine which cells should be colored in (or in the case of this game chiseled away) and which should be left blank. Numbers along the top and left side of the grid indicate the number and size of unbroken lines of filled in cells there are in the given row or column that are separated by at least one blank cell. For instance, if a row has the numbers "2 5 4", that means that there are from left to right, a group of two colored in cells, a group of five colored in cells, and a group of four colored in cells, with all other cells being left blank and at least one blank cell between each group. Players are given the ability to mark cells with an "X" that should be left blank.
In "Mario's Picross" mode, each puzzle must be completed within a 30 minute time limit. Mistakes penalize the player by reducing the remaining time. The first mistake will remove one minute and the amount of penalized time doubles for each additional mistake. If the timer reaches 0:00, the game is over and the player must restart the puzzle. The player is given the option of receiving a hint at the start of each puzzle. This hint reveals the solution for a randomly selected row and column. At any point during the puzzle the player can also elect to give up five minutes of time to receive another hint.
"Wario's Picross" mode alters the gameplay in several ways. The time limit of Mario's mode is removed, and the timer now simply counts up and tracks how long the player takes to complete the puzzle. There are also no hints available in this mode. The biggest change though is that there is no direct penalty for making a mistake, but those mistakes are not indicated to the player which presents a unique challenge.
Mario no Picross offers a total of 300 different puzzles of varying sizes and difficulties distributed almost equally between the two modes. Puzzles are grouped together in levels. Completing puzzles unlocks higher levels with larger and more difficult puzzles. Whenever a puzzle is completed, it becomes a color image, animates, and the title of the puzzle is revealed. Puzzles come in sizes of 5x5, 10x10, 15x15, 20x20, and 20x25. The game can track progress on two separate save game files and also allows the player to save at any point during a puzzle and resume at a later time from the same point. The fastest puzzle completion times are tracked for each puzzle.
Nintendo Power Picross
The same basic gameplay engine from Mario no Picross was used in Nintendo's Picross NP series that was distributed via their Satellaview system in Japan. A total of eight volumes of puzzles were released in the Nintendo Power branded series. These games included many puzzles that when solved revealed images of characters from various Nintendo franchises including The Legend of Zelda and Star Fox.
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Spicy food consumption is associated with adiposity measures among half a million Chinese people: the China Kadoorie Biobank study.
Sun D., Lv J., Chen W., Li S., Guo Y., Bian Z., Yu C., Zhou H., Tan Y., Chen J., Chen Z., Li L., China Kadoorie Biobank collaborative group None.
BACKGROUND: Few animal experiments and volunteer-based intervention studies have showed a controversial effect of spicy foods on weight management; however, information is scant on the association between spicy food intake and obesity. This study aims to examine the impact of spicy food on quantitative adiposity measures in the Chinese population; a population with a low prevalence of general obesity, but a high prevalence of central obesity. METHODS: A total of 434,556 adults (255,094 females), aged 30-79 years, were included from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study. Information on spicy food intake was obtained using a questionnaire survey. Body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat (BF%), waist circumference (WC), and WC/height ratio (WHtR) were analyzed as continuous variables. RESULTS: The prevalence of daily spicy food eating was 30.4% in males and 30.0% in females, with dramatically geographic diversity (ranging from 99.4% in Hunan to 2.7% in Zhejiang). The covariates-adjusted BMI, BF%, WC, and WHtR significantly increased with increasing frequency, strength, and duration of spicy food eating regardless of gender (p < 0.001). Among regular spicy food consumers, strength of spicy food eating showed significant and positive association with all adiposity measures in both genders (except for BF% in males). Compared with non-consumers, daily spicy food eating was significantly associated with an increase of 0.44 and 0.51 of BMI (kg/m2), 0.79 and 1.01 of BF%, 1.4 and 1.0 of WC (cm), and 0.008 and 0.006 of WHtR in males and females, respectively. In stratified analyses of 18 consecutive BMI subgroups, a significantly increasing trend in the effect of daily spicy food eating on WC and WHtR with increasing BMI was noted in males; whereas a decreasing trend was seen in females. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that spicy food intake is a risk factor for obesity in Chinese adult population, especially for central obesity in males. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this association.


termed "impact analysis" is more detailed and costly, but also much more certain.
Table 8. MOC change impact pre-screening attributes.
From a best practice perspective, it's critical that change impact pre-screening differ dramatically from detailed impact analysis. Otherwise, pre-screening (which is supposed to be a 1 minute operation) will morph into its own business process and slow down the entire MOC initiation process. Screening questions should be designed so that all the screening questions should normally be answerable by one person, typically the initiator.
Change Impact Pre-Screening Impact Analysis
Process safety screening Is this a change to inventory of material? PHA to assess impact of inventory change.
Is there a change in the potential for personnel exposure? PHA to assess impact of personnel exposure change.
Environmental screening Is there a potential for a change in community effects? Analysis to assess impacts on community.
Does the change add a new air emission source of any pollutant? Analysis to assess impact of new emission source.
Financial screening Rough Order of Magnitude cost, say, ±100% More accurate cost estimate, say, ±20%
Table 9. Impact pre-screening vs. analysis.
Pre-screening Process Safety Risks
Pre-screening is often used to determine the following:
 - what kind of impact analyses will be performed during the Impact Analysis state: HAZOP, what-if, etc.?
 - does the change involve a topic where the company has received a prior citation? The intent is to identify these cases early in order to avoid a "willful negligence" citation.
Pre-screening Environmental Risks
Pre-screening is often used to identify the following:
 - does the change have the potential to create a situation which will cause permit limits to be exceeded? If so, then the Environmental group will demand immediate input on the change proposal.
Pre-screening Costs
Pre-screening is often used to determine the following:
 - if this is a discretionary change, does the change cause a budget limit to be exceeded? The person, paying for the change, may not actually have sufficient funds to allow it to proceed.
The cost attribute captures this information. But costs are not well known this early in the change process, so it's necessary to indicate the cost accuracy, e.g. ± 100%.
Most of the pre-screening attributes, but particularly costs, can be interpreted in multiple ways. Does the cost attribute represent just the material costs? material plus labor? or, some other variation? Some guidance on the form would be helpful, otherwise this data will not be provided in a consistent manner.
Additional information, that the initiator believes is important and/or relevant, can be put into the comments section, see Table 10.
Table 10. MOC comments.
This is "a" mechanism for capturing commentary during a change. The benefit of comments is that this typically appears on the front page of an MOC.
In electronic implementations, comments are also possible and desirable. However, other techniques, like Wikis, threaded discussions, "team sites", and so on, may provide the same benefits as a comments field.
Figure 2. Sample completed MOC initiation form.
This newsletter has presented a representative list of attributes for a Management of Change instance. A sample of a completed change initiation form appears in.
 1. OSHA, 1992, "Process safety management of highly hazardous chemicals," 29CFR1910.119, OSHA, Washington.
 2. Hoff, R., 2010, "Covered Processes," MOC Best Practices, 4(1).
 3. Hoff, R., 2010, "What's a change?," MOC Best Practices, 4(2).
 4. Hoff, R., 2009, "Replacement in Kind," MOC Best Practices, 3(4).
 5. Garwood, D., 2004, Bills of Material for a Lean Enterprise, Dogwood Publishing Company, Inc., Marietta, GA.
 6. Hoff, R., 2009, "MOCs, Capital Projects, Turnarounds," MOC Best Practices, 3(2).
 7. Hoff, R., 2007, "Lifecycles," MOC Best Practices, 1(2).
 8. American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Center for Chemical Process Safety., 2007, Guidelines for risk based process safety, Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken,N.J.
Standard Disclaimer
It is sincerely hoped that the information presented in this document will lead to an even more impressive safety record for the entire industry; however, Gateway Consulting Group, Inc., its employees, consultants, the document's authors disclaim making or giving any warranties or representations, express or implied, including with respect to fitness, intended purpose, use or merchantability and/or correctness or accuracy of the content of the information presented in this document. As between (1) Gateway Consulting Group, Inc., its employees, consultants, the document's authors and (2) the user of this document, the user accepts any legal liability or responsibility whatsoever for the consequence of its use or misuse.
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East Amherst, NY 14051 USA
Phone: _PHONE_
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East on Genesee St./RT-33 for 1.6 mi.
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text:
About the book
Are there as many numbers as there are trees? Are there as many numbers as there are leaves? These are just a few of the questions that a 4-year old boy named Jack asked his math educator mommy that inspired this book.
So, how many numbers are there? Read and find out!
Mommy, How Many Numbers Are There?
Rebecca Schantz, Jack Schantz
Publisher: Jack's Back Books, LLC
8.25" x 8.25"

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Governing vulnerable people
A blog by CEO, Ingrid Stonhill, Bawinanga Aboriginal Corporation
The Royal Commission into Child Sex Offending has produced many essential recommendations to protect those unable to defend themselves.
This has significant implications for the not-for-profit sector, particularly those delivering on government contracts. Most noticeable is the increased compliance requirements for those working with vulnerable people.
A vulnerable person is defined as "a child, being an individual under the age of 18 or an individual aged 18 years and above who may be unable to take care of himself or herself against harm or exploitation because of an illness, trauma or disability or any other reason."
Trauma, vicarious trauma, homelessness, poverty, hunger, lack of jobs, lack of access to support services, no public transport and limited health services – these and more are common factors faced by people living in remote, indigenous communities and contribute to a person being classed as 'vulnerable'.
The definition of vulnerable and those most disadvantaged could well describe almost everyone brought up in a remote indigenous community.
So what does this change in compliance really mean for a very remote, complex, not-for-profit, Aboriginal Corporation?
The new compliance regulations have huge ramifications on those holding management, governance and fiduciary duties, both legally and ethically. As such, I thought it essential for our organisation that we were as up-to-date and skilled as possible.
I attended a course in Darwin titled "Governing Vulnerable People". The course was a great reminder of a Board's responsibility and investigated many poignant examples of what processes should be adopted in different scenarios.
It addressed the importance of a comprehensive organisational risk assessment, which in this context, is an evaluation of the extent that relevant staff and third parties within our organisation and funded activities, meet the requirements of applicable Territory legislation to work with vulnerable people.
However, halfway through the course, I had more questions than answers. The course content assumed the Board governing the so-called vulnerable people were not vulnerable themselves.
The unstated assumption was that Board members are from mainstream Australia, experienced in many aspects of life and business, well educated, with a clear understanding of roles and responsibilities required for good governance.
So what happens when vulnerable people make up your governance structure? What they recognise as their cultural norms have been defined by legislation as contributors to vulnerability.
But perhaps they don't identify themselves as vulnerable, in our context. How do we advise and guide vulnerable people tasked with the responsibility of governance and compliance for a community of vulnerable people? I suggest this is necessary and significant work still to be completed.


Where does the name Eileen come from?
By: Guest
Date: Sat-Sep-12-2009-
Eileen is an Anglicised form of the older Irish Gaelic names Eilin and Aibhilin. (Such names were often Anglicised with an "een" ending.) Both these derive from Norman French, and are probably versions of Ava or Aveline. Ava itself is of Germanic origin and uncertain meaning. There was a St Ava in France in the 9th century, but the name was rarely used until the 20th, when the fame of Hollywood actress Ava Gardner made it a popular choice for girls.
Eileen was better known in Ireland than anywhere else until the early 20th century, when it became popular all over the English-speaking world. It was especially well known in the 1980s when Dexy's Midnight Runners produced their hit song "Come on Eileen."
There is a less widespread Scottish variant, Aileen, and there is no masculine.EQUIV.alent.
[d] By: Guest
Date: Sat-Sep-12-2009
What is 1 + 100
Just Updated::


text:
The article shows the activities of Polish archaeological services and Polish-Ukrainian relations in archaeolgy in eastern Little Poland and Volhynia (today western Ukraine) in the years _PHONE_. The Second Polish Republic created new organizational structures for protection of archaeological remains. In 1920 the State Board of Inspectors of Prehistoric Remains was formed. In 1928 its responsibilities were taken over by the State Archaeological Museum in Warsaw (PMA). The PMA was the largest and most important archaeological institution in Poland at the years _PHONE_, with a wide range of responsibilities. After the Second World War, archaeologists at the PMA studied most of the material from western Ukraine which was to be found in the Museum's collection.
Financed by the National Centre for Research and Development under grant No. SP/I/1/77065/10 by the strategic scientific research and experimental development program:
SYNAT - "Interdisciplinary System for Interactive Scientific and Scientific-Technical Information".


Datumtron - Omega
Omega SOW Product and Demo
Omega SOW is an application of Omega AI to the AML Compliance problem of the Source of Wealth identification.
The Omega SOW Product reads hundreds of thousands to millions of KYC notes written by financial advisors and answers a set of questions about SOW to satisfy compliance AML requirements.
Omega answers two main challenges of applying AI within the regulatory domain: very high level of accuracy and explainability of its decisions. Also, Omega is able to meet these additional challenges:
 - Notes are written in a "casual" business language. A financial advisor, who has a client on the phone, will try to quickly capture as much information as possible. This means that there are many abbreviations, many errors (in spelling and in grammar)
 - In some cases, information is entered in points and not in continuous sentences.
 - In many cases, notes are vague and even a human who is not specialized will have difficulty understanding the note.
 - SOW questions are interdependent. The first question in the demo must be answered correctly, in order to answer all the following questions correctly.
In the demo below, you can select an example note then click the "Ω Answer" button to have Omega read, understand, and answer pertinent SOW KYC questions in real time. A ½ second delay between questions is introduced to improve readability. You can change any note, and click the "Ω Answer" again.
Omega AI provides solutions to Wall Street to satisfy regulatory compliance KYC requirements.
Sample Notes:
With Omega SOW, there is no need to clean the notes. This demo purposefully include errors to simulate real life note errors.
All names, account numbers, and other content are fictional and created to simulate actual SOW note styles.


Suppose we have a coin flipping game involving $n$ players. In each round everyone still playing flips a fair coin, and the players whose coin comes up tails are eliminated. The game continues until at most one player is still alive, and they are declared the winner.
Now, it is possible that the game does not end with a winner (e.g. if $n=2$ and both players get tails on their first flip). Let $f(n)$ denote the probability that a game with $n$ players has a winner. We have $f(0)=0$ and $f(1)=1$. For $n>1$ it follows from considering the binomial distribution that $$f(n) = \sum_{k=0}^{n}\frac{\binom{n}{k}}{2^{n}} f(k) $$ (Here $\binom{n}{k}/(2^n)$ represents the probability $k$ players survive the current round), which can be rearranged as $$f(n) = \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} \frac{\binom{n}{k}}{2^n-1} f(k)$$ Using this formula we can compute $f(n)$ recursively.
$$\begin{array}{cc} n & f(n) \\ 0 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 \\ 2 & 2/3 \\ 3 & 5/7 \\ 4 & 76/105 \\ 5 & 157/217 \\ \vdots & \vdots \\ 20 & 0.7213 \end{array}$$ The sequence of numerators doesn't seem to be in OEIS, nor does the sequence $a_n=f(n)(2^n-1)(2^{n-1}-1)\dots(3)(1)$ from clearing all the denominators in the recursion.
Is there a way of analytically determine the limit (if it exists) of $f(n)$ as $n$ goes to infinity? It seems from calculation to be about $0.7213$, though I'm not confident in digits beyond that due to error propagation as the recursion continues.
 - $\begingroup$ It may be $\frac{1}{2\ln(2)}$. This is the only reasonable number in the OEIS that agrees with the first four digits of $0.7213$. $\endgroup$ – Varun Vejalla Aug 9 '19 at 0:05
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ A closed form expression for $\ f(n)\ $ for $\ n\ge 2 $ is $$ f(n)= n2^{-n} + \frac{n}{2}\sum_\limits{k=1}^{n-1}{n-1\choose k}\frac{\left(-1\right)^{k-1}\left(2^k-1\right)}{2^k\left(2^{k+1}-1\right)}\.$$ $\endgroup$ – lonza leggiera Aug 9 '19 at 6:50
 - $\begingroup$ Could you elaborate on how you obtained the recurrence relation $f(n) = \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} \frac{\binom{n}{k}}{2^n-1} f(k)$? From your description...represents the probability 𝑘 players survive the current round... it seems that you confused the round of flipping with the "round" of recurrence regarding a change in the remaining number of players. $\endgroup$ – Lee David Chung Lin Aug 15 '19 at 4:13
 - $\begingroup$ Let $A_k$ be the event that exactly $k$ out of the $n$ players get heads. Then we have $$P(\textrm{win}) = \sum_{k=0}^n P(A_k) P (\textrm{win } | A_k).$$ The probability of $A_k$ is $\frac{\binom{n}{k}}{2^n}$, and the probability of winning given $A_k$ is $f(k)$. $\endgroup$ – Kevin P. Costello Aug 15 '19 at 7:11
The limit of $f(n)$ as $n$ goes to infinity does not exist.
Suppose that $n$ is large. Then we can choose an integer $k$ such that $n = 2^k x$ with $1 \leq x < 2$. What is the probability of winning starting at $n$?
Let us say that we win at step $k+m$ if at step $k+m$ there is only one player, but their next coin flip is tails. That is half the probability that at step $k+m$ there is only one player left. But if $k$ is large, the odds of there being one player left is approximated by the Poisson Distribution with $\lambda = 2^m x$. Therefore the probability of winning is approximately $\sum_{m = -\infty}^{\infty} 0.5 * (2^m x) * e^{- 2^m x}$.
It isn't too hard to see that this sum converges, and it is easy to calculate it with a short program. If we calculate this for $x = 1.0$ we get $0.721352103337$. For $x = 1.5$ we get $0.721346354574$. The difference is around $0.00000574876$ and is far larger than calculation error. And therefore the probability keeps bouncing around in a range that includes these values and so can't converge.
 - $\begingroup$ Although the values do bounce around a bit, I am 99% certain that $f(n)$ does converge. I checked up to $n = 300$ and found a certain pattern. $f(n)$ increases for a bit, then decreases for a bit. Each time, the interval length gets lowered a bit. For example, $f(8) \approx 0.72092$ is a local min. From there, it increases until $f(13) \approx 0.72147$. From there, it decreases until $f(19) \approx 0.72129$, which is greater than $f(8)$. $\endgroup$ – Varun Vejalla Aug 9 '19 at 2:09
 - $\begingroup$ In short, the lower bound increases and the upper bound decreases. $\endgroup$ – Varun Vejalla Aug 9 '19 at 2:10
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ The pattern that I pointed out is a bouncing around between $2^k$ to $1.5 * 2^k$ and back again for $2^{k+1}$. The estimate that it is based on gets more accurate the larger $k$ is. Along the sequence $n = 2^k$ you converge to one limit, and the sequence $n = 3 * 2^k$ converges to a different one that is about $0.00000574876$ smaller. $\endgroup$ – btilly Aug 9 '19 at 3:44
 - $\begingroup$ In short, I've described the asymptotic behavior. You're guessing based on numerical experiments with small $n$. $\endgroup$ – btilly Aug 9 '19 at 3:46
 - $\begingroup$ I think I see my problem. I assumed that the lower bound and upper bound converge to the same number, when in fact the lower bound converges to $L$ and the upper bound converges to $U$, $L


x y w h, filename, index
 In addition to the styles shown in brackets for each type of
 control, you can also specify styles:
 disable - to disable the control
 hide - to hide the control
 group - to identify the start of a group
 result - to identify the control whose value will be used as
 the return value to the calling script when the dialog
 is closed by pressing the ok button.
 size setting can be over-ridden in the "init" event by using
 /dialog name x y w h.
 can prevent the dialog from closing if a user clicks the
 ok button by using /halt.
 Clicking certain controls in the dialog triggers the on dialog
 script event:
 on dialog:name:event:id: {
 echo $dname $devent $did
 triggering the event, and event can be:
 initialized in this event. id is zero.
 edit = text in editbox changed
 text in editbox of combobox changed
 sclick = single click in list/combo box
 check/uncheck of radio/check buttons
 click of a button
 dclick = double click in list/combo box
 The /did command allows you to modify dialog controls by id
 -f = set focus on id
 -t = set id as default button
 -e = enable id
 -b = disable id
 -v = make id visible
 -h = hide id
 -c = check checkbox/radiobutton list/combo line
 -u = uncheck checkbox/radiobutton list/combo line
 -r = clear all text in id
 -a = add line of text to end
 -d = delete Nth line
 -i = insert text at Nth line
 -o = overwrite Nth line with text
 /dialog -g name id [n] filename
 Note: you can mark a 3state checkbox as indeterminate by using
 both -cu switches.
 with the following formats and properties as appropriate to the
 control to which you are referring:
 Note: if used in a triggered event, "name" is optional.
 .text = returns line or Nth line
 .len = returns length of line or Nth line
 .lines = returns number of lines
 .sel = returns Line Number of Nth selected line
 if N is 0, returns number of selected lines
 .next = returns id of next control in tab order
 .prev = returns id of previous control in tab order
145.Added option in the Windows dialog to make the Editor dialog
 modeless ie. opens it as a desktop window, allowing editing of
 scripts while chatting etc.
146.$cb() should now process LF and/or CR delimited lines properly.
147.Made change to /unload command so that it will match the filename
 you specify with a loaded filename even if you don't provide a full
 path specification.
 now returns $null.
149.If you load/unload alias/popup/script files while the Editor dialog
 is open, the Editor now updates its current view accordingly.
24/07/1998 - mIRC v5.41
1.Fixed win32s under win3.x display bug in 32bit mIRC.
2.Fixed bug with private messages text-wrap when using ^ events.
3.Can now use %variables or $identifiers in the Perform Highlight words.
4.Can now do /dcc send nickname.
5.Fixed $sdir bug.
6.Fixed bug in auto-arrange/cascade/tile options.
7.Fixed SOCKS firewall support bugs.
8.Channel Central dialog now allows mode +h users on TS4 efnet to change
 the channel settings.
9./remove now tells you if you specified a non-existent file but doesn't
 halt processing.
10.Changed Channel central dialog behavior, no longer resets channel modes
 unless they've been changed.
11.Fixed bug in $calc() with very long strings.
12.Fixed bug in inactive DCC Chat windows, editbox allows you to copy text
 from it but entered text is not processed in any way.
13.$chan().ial now returns $true if the IAL is full, $false if it isn't, or
 $inwho if you sent a /who _TAG_ to the server to fill the IAL and the
 IAL isn't full yet.
14.Improved winsock error checking.
15.Fixed bug in /goto command where it was incorrectly reporting a "not
 found" error instead of a "duplicate name" error in some situations where
 you had duplicate goto names in a script.
16.Fixed bug in the remote events in %variables in remote event definition
 not being processed correctly if it evaluated to just #.
17.Fixed /renwin bug allowing you to rename a _USER_ to any name without
 the @ prefix.
18.Fixed $read bug when reading a line with only a space in it.
19.Fixed disappearing DCC windows bug.
20.Fixed bug with URL/Email catcher being turned off when using the Send
 To menu in the URL window popup menu.
21.Fixed bug with Status window not remembering MDI/desktop position.
22.Fixed editbox/listbox focusing bug.
23.Fixed BURC code stripping in IRC Switches not applying to channel topics.
24.Using the. prefix to hide /play command information now also hides the
 /msg command information when sending to a user/channel.
25.Fixed _USER_ listbox background colour bug not being reset when using
 colour control codes in text.
26.Fixed editbox processing bug in custom _USER_.
27.Fixed /ignore -x exclusion bug.
28.Fixed bug in on OPEN event, was preventing on TEXT/ACTION events from
 triggering if on OPEN was /halted.
29.Can now specify whether you want DCCs to go through the Socks Firewall
 or not.
30.Fixed /renwin bug, was halting scripts.
31.Fixed bug when processing $? in combination with $+ in some situations.
32.$findfile() and $finddir() in 32bit mIRC now maintain case of filenames.
33.Fixed bug with wave playing not working with certain sound drivers. Note
 that simple sound drivers eg. speaker driver, are very limited and don't
 support mIRC's queuing of sounds feature, etc.
34.Fixed /cline when colour not specified, sets to default colour.
35.Fixed ctcp event not processing wildcard ctcps, eg.
 ctcp 1:*ping*:echo $1-
36.Fixed DCC Send CTCP request not working with IRC clients that add an extra
 ID number to the CTCP message, mIRC v5.4 also uses this extra ID to identify
 DCC Send requests through a SOCKS firewall. If mIRC sees an ID but can't
 match it internally, it assumes it's not valid and processes the CTCP as a
 normal DCC Send request.
37.Improved handling of long filenames in commands: /dcc send, /unload, /mkdir,
 /loadbuf, /savebuf, /filter, and /window.
38.Fixed bug in /font command.
39.Extended various commands/identifiers/etc. that reference listboxes so that
 they can now process any number of selected lines.
40.Can now /clear -n with a picture window, where -n delays update of the display
 until you force an update (same as with other picture window commands).
41.Fixed bug in $iif(), remote identifiers in it where not being evaluated.
42.Added $inpoly(x,y,x1,y1,...,xN,yN) identifier which returns $true if x,y is
 inside the polygon made up of the specified points, otherwise $false.
43.Changed DCC server 150 and 151 replies, they now return "unavailable" and
 "rejected" instead of a nickname.
44.Added.dx and.dy properties to $window(), return the x and y position of
 a window relative to the desktop.
45.Changed $notify() so that it works with your whole notify list. Added
 .ison property, returns $true if user is on IRC, otherwise $false.
46.Fixed bug with status window receiving focus in certain situations.
47.Fixed bug in /write command when /writing to files that aren't on the same
 hard-disk as the mIRC exe file.
48.Fixed freezing bug in $dde, $read, and $readini when used within other
 identifiers in some situations.
49.The on DNS event is now triggered if you try to /dns a nickname that's not
 on IRC and the server replies with the "no such nickname" numeric.
50.Fixed bug in listbox windows eg. url/notify/channelslist/etc. when first
 opening, the background was first set to the main window background colour
 not the listbox colour, making the window flash.
51.Fixed bug in ip address having a space appended to it when looking up via
 the server method. Shouldn't have affected processing though.
52.Extended $mask() and all other mask-related commands/identifiers, so that
 you can now specify a type of 10 to 19 which correspond to masks 0 to 9,
 but instead of using a * wildcard to replace portions of an address,


text:
First name origin & meaning:
First name variations: Rousse, Rusk, Ruskin, Rush, Russell, Russ, Russel
Last name origins & meanings:
- Swiss German: topographic name for someone who lived by a prominent elm tree, Rust (Old High German ruost), or in northern Germany for someone who lived by a resting place or halt along a route, from Middle Low German ruste 'rest'.
- English (chiefly East Anglia) and Scottish: nickname for someone with red hair or a ruddy complexion, from Old English rūst 'rust' (from a Germanic root meaning 'red').
Comments for Prust


text:
A nod to TESOLTOOLBOX here…
Harry the Hippo is a fun guessing game to use in the class. It can be adapted for practicing various grammar structures. I can't remember where I first played the game or who taught it to me, but I'm sure it's well-known by many TEFLers!
In its simplest form…
Practice language: love/like/dislike/hate
Find a good pic of a hippo. I used this one from a Google Image search. Explain to the learners:
Harry the Hippo likes a lot of things. Can you guess what they are? Ask me the question:
Does Harry like…?
Listen to the answers carefully. Make a note of anything Harry likes/dislikes. Do you notice any patterns?
(Answer: the clue is in the name 'Harry the Hippo'. Harry likes any word that includes the same letter twice in a row, e.g. battery, butter, sheep, screen, apple, etc. Students guess items…)
Student: Does Harry like dogs?
Teacher: Not really
Student: Does Harry like fruit?
Teacher: (gives a sneaky clue) Well, he doesn't like fruit, but he DOES like pineapples
Teacher: I know. Strange isn't it?
Student: So, he doesn't like bananas?
Student: but he likes pineapples?
Teacher: Yes… and strawberries
Student: Huh? Does he like oranges?
Teacher: Yes, he likes cherries…


text:
insideHPC reader Sharan Kalwani sent us this pointer to a really cool application of the HPC resources at the EPCC, Edinburgh's supercomputing center. Researchers at the Building Research Establishment instrumented a mock apartment and set a fire so they could closely observe what happened as the fire burned and judge the effectiveness of an HPC-based numerical system called FireGrid that could eventually be used in real time by fire fighting teams:
A key element of FireGrid is its predictive capability, and this functionality was delivered using a fire/structure/egress code called K-CRISP, which ran faster than real time (or what its developers called "super-real time") on a remote high performance computing (HPC) system, and was accessed over the Internet using grid protocols….K-CRISP was employed to predict both structural collapse and flash-over. To improve the reliability of model predictions, real-time data was assimilated into the computation at regular intervals. To ensure that the simulations were completed rapidly enough to be of use to firefighters in predicting what would happen next, K-CRISP was parallelized following the Task Farm paradigm, in which each slave ran a serial simulation of the fire, and where interprocess communication was handled via the file system.


Boeing and Aviation Safety
Continuous Monitoring for Continuing Enhancements
Boeing Operations Center
Boeing continually monitors in-service aircraft performance to proactively identify areas where the design of current and future models can be enhanced.
These enhancements incorporate new discoveries and new technologies over the life of an airplane, improving the safety and operational efficiency of the Boeing fleet. Boeing also monitors events that occur to non-Boeing airplanes to identify issues that might apply to Boeing airplanes so preventative actions can be developed and implemented if necessary.
Boeing monitors service information and addresses any concerns discovered in the fleet through a formal and disciplined process. Through the process, Boeing gathers relevant data, identifies potential safety issues and determines appropriate action to address those issues.
This safety process includes participation at all levels of the company including experts from a variety of technical disciplines; senior leaders from engineering, flight operations and training; and executive leaders.
In addition, the executive leaders constitute the Boeing Aviation Safety Council, which formally oversees a unified safety plan rooted in the company's long history of continuously improving the design, assembly, operation and maintenance of Boeing airplanes. As part of the safety process, Boeing works with the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Together, using a program called the Continued Operational Safety Program, Boeing and FAA engineering teams thoroughly review data from in-service events.
Boeing also works with its customers to understand and address potential safety issues.
When safety-of-flight issues arise, Boeing, together with the FAA, takes appropriate action to mitigate the risk, and communicates airplane part or procedural changes to its customers.
Regulatory authorities typically convert those changes into mandatory airworthiness directives (ADs) if the issues affect safety of flight.
Permanent solutions to an issue may take longer to develop and implement, because changes to an airplane design must be thoroughly tested, analyzed, validated and re-certified. In these cases, interim mitigating action is used to assure fleet safety until the permanent solutions are available.


text:
Y'know those small images that appear in your web browser's address bar as you move from site to site? Or that appear in your list of favourites or bookmarks next to each site?
Those are Favicons, short for Favourites Icons. They are a great way to help users see at a glance what site is open in their browser, especially if they have several tabs open at once.
How do I create one?
A favicon is simply a 16 x 16 pixel square image.
Typically the icon is a representation of your organization's logo or letters of its name or colour scheme. The image below shows some examples open in separate tabs in the Firefox browser.
You can create one from scratch using your favourite image editing program (or asking your graphic designer for a favour), or you can use one of several online tools to create one for you.
These two tools generate icons from images you upload:
The following tool generates an icon from text you type (great for organizations without a logo, or one that doesn't reproduce well in the small size of an icon):
The image can be in any format supported that a web browser can display, such as GIF, PNG and JPEG.
How do I add one to my website?
Once you have an icon image, save it to a location on your web server. Traditionally the file was named "favicon.ico" and saved in the root folder. However, the latest browsers support alternate locations and file names.
If you choose to name your file favicon.ico, note that the image format may still be a PNG, GIF, JPEG, etc.; it's only the extension that is changed to ".ico".
To include the icon in your website, edit the pages to add one of the following lines to the section:
where type is the image type (e.g. png, jpg, gif, etc.) and href points to the image location on your web server.
Note that the first link tag example does not conform to W3C recommendations, so the second example is preferred.
How do I add one to my Inmagic WebPublisher PRO pages?
If you have used the Andornot Starter Kit to publish your textbase online, you may be able to simply edit the file "\layout\include\HeadTag.htm" to add the above line to the section of most pages served by WebPublisher PRO. You may also need to edit your search pages. It all depends on how your site is configured.


Imago Dei
Write a 1,000-1,250-word essay covering the two topics below, relying primarily on the reading assignments for the first two topics, your own thinking, and only secondarily on the Topic 2 Overview. Determine the implications of the Imago Dei for how counselors understand counselees and the task of counseling. Discuss the main differences between a Christian and a secular/naturalistic perspective.
Utilize topic materials to support your responses.


text:
The following has already been listed as a feature request at Adobe Bug System and is only to illustrate the situation which is basically the lack of badly needed functionality in ActionScript 3.
The problem relates to
flash.geom.PerspectiveProjection introduced with the load of native 3D in Flash 10.
- The object is added to the stage with the defined x, y, z, rotationX, rotationY and rotationZ properties.
- For a better 3D impression, perspective projection is applied.
- After all transformations on-screen size of the object is required.
The code is illustrative and self-explanatory:
addPerspective() method adds perspective projection and
visibleBitmapBounds() returns a Rectangle with visible bounds of the object.
The result and the problem
Depending on the stage size, the result is the blue 3D-rotated plane in the perspective alongside the traceback:
Plane size: 274x365 Plane bounds: (x=256, y=209, w=274, h=365) Visible, on-screen bounds of the Plane: (x=258, y=215, w=171, h=287)
Plane size and bounds are correct to what it is without perspective transformations, but they don't help with the size of an object on screen.
So what is currently missing from ActionScript 3 entirely, is the means to get visible bounds of the DisplayObject that has perspective projection. It is especially painful if the object can't be output to stage for measuring (
If any math geniuses have a better way to get visible bounds of the object with perspective projection, you're most welcome to share it!


You are here
MeaningCloud Topics Extraction API - Source Code
The MeaningCloud Topics Extraction API extracts relevant information elements from unstructured text. The RESTful API uses GET or POST (POST is recommended) over HTTP/S with returns in JSON and XML. Use the Topics Extraction API to retrieve information like: named entities (people, organizations, places), concepts, time and money expressions, or URIs and phone numbers. The API currently supports texts in Spanish, English, French, Italian, Portuguese and Catalan.


Tree planting companies are often confronted with a variety of difficulties when working in urban environments. The lack of space is one of the biggest problems as you can imagine. Trees need their space to grow. This is not merely the case aboveground, but also the roots that grow underneath take up a lot of space. When these trees try to develop in a city, in which you have roads and pavements made of concrete for example, this infrastructure can get damaged due to the roots springing to the surface. When this is the case, you create a large workload for city employees and possible safety hazards for the citizens. This is where Treebuilders comes in.
Providing trees the chance to grow in busy surroundings
How do Treebuilders help tree planting companies with their work in urban environments? They have developed a bioretention system. A bioretention system creates a barrier between the concrete aboveground and the soil underground. This prevents tree roots from damaging infrastructure and leaves them no other option then changing directions. This is not merely a hermetically sealed barrier between the roads and the soil. Soil needs a variety of resources that it can only get from aboveground, such as water. That is why a bioretention system uses a water storage system with drainage pipes as to keep the soil's water supply well preserved. The rubber barrier of the bioretention system also creates flexibility for the roots. These barriers are the buffer zone between the roads and pavements and the soil.
Contact the experts
Tree planting companies should profit from the technology that has been developed by Treebuilders. That is why it is very easy to get in contact with them and use this elegant solution when working in urban environments. Contact the experts and start developing your own bioretention systems.


text:
Introduction: Sternalis/rectus sternalis is a rare muscle found in the chest wall. Only 3-5% of the cases are found world wide. Case presentation: Here we report the case of Sternalis in the 60-year-old South Indian male cadaver. This report discusses the origin, orientation, relations of this muscle. Conclusion: Importance of the knowledge of the presence of these rare muscles in clinical diagnosis and therapeutic implications is discussed.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes


text:
Prof. Barduhn, who gave a talk about expatriate teachers, once said, 'If English were a drug, expatriate teachers would be the dealers…' In her talk entitled Language Dealing, she starts by looking into the definition of 'the drug'. Are dealers necessarily drug takers themselves? Drugs can serve to imprison but are drugs necessarily bad? Could they not be medicine, which could serve as an anti-exploitation tool?
In Hawkins (1974) 'I-thou'it' triangle as spreaders of this drug, Prof Barduhn states that 'I' refers to the expatriate teacher, the 'thou' the students and other expat teachers, and explaining the 'it' as the fishing rod in the metaphor 'Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish and he can fish and you feed him for a lifetime'.
Quoting Johnston (1999) talking about the Expatriate Teacher as Postmodern Paladin, these teachers are fighters of a noble cause, not unlike the errant of the medieval knights. He suggest that ELT as a whole is a marginal occupation, expanding on the idea of postmodernity.
The original Paladins crossed the seas for adventures with spiritual (self-realisation) and earthly (material gain and acquisition of a good reputation) goals.
The knight errant are those who choose to work outside their own country and the wish to educate, to share knowledge, expertise and skils. It's also characterised by the 'restless traveller', wandering the earth and never settling.
The knights knew what they believed in and why they were venturing forward, and knew that eventually they would go home.
So why do ELT teachers keep going to other countries and new ones too?
Are we cultural marginals and do we have an identity group?
Differentially perceptual groups and identity group, Prof Barduhn talks about perceptual groups as how others see you versus the identities given to you, before explaining cultural marginality and highlighting the fact that ELT teachers are often the non-dominant community in a dominant community.
The definition of an encapsulated marginal is one where there is no revognised reference group, conscious of self, troubled by ambiguity and never 'at home'. The definition of a constructive marginal is one of a marginal reference group, conscious of choice, intrigued by complexity and never not 'at home'.
Stated by respondent teachers in her research as reasons and motivation for going to live in each country, 'travel', 'love of teaching' and 'career advancement' occurred frequently, but professional development was highlighted as one of the more common answers.
This challenges the theory that most ELT teachers living overseas are of the back packer variety.
Family was stated at the number one reason why people move back to their own country.
When examining the changes in attitude amongst the teachers living overseas, it was clear that most became most tolerant and understanding of their country of origin (and its culture), got involved in more teaching fields e.g. ESP, saw themselves as ambassadors for their own country, thought of the new culture as gradually becoming part of them, and saw their job as important ('We teach future leaders, We make English more attainable for the masses') and are happy living abroad.
But as Chinese becomes more in the globalising world, would those involved in teaching of Mandarin have the same attitudes and motivation? Are they also on medieval knights' errants?
Going through her results, here are some findings regarding Chinese expat teachers:
'I'm more critical of my country but love it more'
'I have no power to change methodologies', 'I've become more student-centred, teacher as a guide instead of dictator, to guide learners to see the fun in Chinese and understand the similarities between English and Chinese.'
Growing towards an acceptance of Western values like tolerance, quality orientation, etc.
'As long as China's economy keeps growing, it'll become important as a world language'
Very few non-native Chinese teach Chinese in the UK.
Expat teachers are the only way people can access Chinese culture.
Expat teachers might not have an influence on trends in teacher training but conversely teacher training trends would have an influence on expat teachers.
Belonging to teaching associations and getting conference updates were a common path towards professional development.
So what is the drug?
Could the phenomenon of expat teachers be considered a historical and cultural movement?
TESOl culture is seen to equate 'diversity', 'cooperation' and 'respect'.
Could these also stand for Chinese language teaching culture?
So what are we dealing?
The answer might not be the same for everyone but teacher training needs to delve further in social and economic theory so that we are doing it with more awareness.


Ford Focus Forum, Ford Focus ST Forum, Ford Focus RS Forum - View Single Post - Focus, Foci, Focuses et cetera.
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Old 04-02-2013, 11:28 AM #1
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Talking Focus, Foci, Focuses et cetera.
From someone who uses Latin every day and got corrected by someone (who had NO idea who he was correcting) because I said Focuses:
Focus, Foci would be a second declension (masculine) noun in Latin.
Nominative - Focus. The subject noun of a sentence is nominative. Example: Focus currus Ford est" - "Focus is a Ford car". Car is being used as an adjective here, not a noun, so it uses the same case as what it is describing, the Focus.
Genitive - Foci. Genitive is possessive or indicates origin or a quality: Example: "Rota Foci est" - "The wheel is the Focus's"
Dative - Foco. Dative is the indirect object. Example: "Cletus dedit rotam unam Foco" - "Cletus gave a wheel for the Focus". Notice how not only did the word for Focus change, but the first declension noun "rota" (used as a direct object) changed to rotam (accusative case - as did the adjective for "a" or "one" wheel, una change to unam, matching what it was describing, the direct object).
Accusative - Focum. The accusative case is for the direct object of a sentence. Example: "Cletus posuit Focum in stabulo" - "Cletus put the Focus in the garage".
Ablative - Foco. The ablative is most often used for prepositional objects, like stabulo ("stable", substituting for modern word "garage") in the example above.
Example: "Cletus ferri rotam in Focus" - "Cletus carried a wheel in the Focus".
OK, now we do PLURAL, more than one. We start all over!
Nominative - Foci. Example: "Foci curri Ford sunt" - Focuses are Ford cars". Notice two things: The verb "est" (he/she/it is) becomes "sunt" (they are) and we aren't declining the noun/adjective Ford anywhere, since it is a modern English word. That's just the way some latinists do it. There might be purists who would translate "Ford" into "Vadum" (2nd decl. neuter) which is the Latin for the place one would ford a river (and a likely etymology for Henry Ford's last name). I don't bother with those things.
Genitive - Focorum. Example: "Rotae Focorum sunt" - "They are Focuses' wheels". Literally, "Wheels are from (of) the Focuses".
Dative - Focis. Example: "Cletus dedit rotis Focis" - "Cletus gave wheels for the Focuses".
Accusative - Focos. Example: "Cletus posuit Focos in Stabulo". You can see that Cletus's garage is getting full.
Ablative - Focis. Example: "Cletus ferri rotas in Focis". Cletus carries wheels in Focuses".
So, if I was to say, (as I may have in the thread that provoked this) "I am going to wash both of my focuses" and one would correct me to say "I am going to wash both of my Foci" well, they're being an arrogant ignoramus, because they're presuming to correct someone's use of a Latin-derived word when they don't have the foggiest clue of Latin grammar. And yes, that kind of thing sets my teeth on edge and gets me to spend half an hour creating a thread like this. If they had corected my sentence to "I am going to wash both of my Focos" I would have said "well done" and moved along. As it turns out, I've ended up flaming this guy several times in that thread because, as I have said, he's an arrogant ignoramus and it carries over into the rest of his ideas. Idiots are usually consistent.
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Home > Articles > How Cops can Stay 'Left of Bang' in a Critical Incident
"Left of bang" is a concept (and a book by Patrick Van Horne and Jason Riley) which can be described as a timeline. It's the time before a critical incident can no longer be contained. As soon as the IED goes off, the shot is fired, or the crash takes place, you are at bang. "Right of bang" is where police officers do not want to be. Left of bang is about situational awareness and keeping things from getting to bang.
I have recommended Gavin de Becker's book The Gift of Fear to cops and civilians for years and now must recommend Left of Bang as a companion book. The more training and experience people have in developing situational awareness, the better adept they are at staying left of bang. Here are some key ways cops can stay left of bang.
1. Treat people with respect
2. Use contact/cover and backup
3. Sharpen your situational awareness
4. Remember "Ask, Tell, Make"
5. Prepare to use force without hesitation or fear
For more on each of these recommendations, view the full article at: _URL_


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SAI Competency Framework
The Society of Actuaries in Ireland has developed a competency framework comprising the knowledge, skills and attributes that actuaries typically draw on in their work.
This framework is aligned to our vision, mission and goals. For each competency definition within the framework there is an indication of appropriate capabilities and behaviours across three competency levels.
The framework is intended to be suitable for use by all members of the Society of Actuaries in Ireland from student through to experienced professionals and regulated roles, and in traditional industry sectors, adjacent sectors and wider fields. However, it is not a mandatory tool and does not enforce any additional compliance requirements on any member.
The purpose of the competency framework is to:
- Support members in the identification of their learning and development needs, in relation to both their current role and any future roles to which they aspire. By reviewing the detailed competencies within the framework and considering (together with a line manager, for example) what competencies might typically be expected for a given role, members can identify gaps in their own current competency profile.
- Facilitate members in identifying which parts of the Society's Continuing Professional Development programme are relevant to the development and enhancement of specific competencies.
- Promote the profession to external stakeholders. In support of this, the competency wheel has a prominent role on the website and in marketing material used to promote the profession.


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. The story weaves its way through 175 years of history and many notable geographic areas and people of Maryland and Washington, D.C. Its culmination is the 1927 graduation from Harvard of Robert Turner Ford, whose lineage is traced to Yarrow through his wife's family.
Johnston has admirably sought to connect the dots of the family's history while also providing parallels to the larger story of slavery and emancipation in colonial America. His 2012 book stands apart for giving readers the depth and unity of a family story of rising fortunes in its 310 pages with 25 black and white illustrations.
Meet Johnson at the Annapolis Book Festival on April 13 at Key School, Annapolis.


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The Tremble Pass is not merely an affectation – though the journey to the beyond is a feat worth experiencing a taste of fear, there is something truly worth nightmares standing in the path of all who travel it.
Quaver Cleft is a line, cut into stone. It allows passage through a particularly hazardous section of the pass, the terrain of which is home to razor sharp shale that hides deadly and poisonous insects. The Cleft is free of these hazards, though it is ominous in it's own way, a line of sky much thinner than the 10 meter wide path framing the smooth, triangular passage in a manner that causes most that are aware of the Cleft's properties to grow claustrophobic.
The Cleft is safe. But when travelers enter, they die. Or at least, a fraction do, feeling the weight of the walls press in on them and crush their bones into dust. A traveler never knows whether or not they will be subject to this experience, but one thing is clear: No matter what, the travelers wake up again as if nothing happened, always on the far side of the Cleft closest to their destination.
There are no physical wounds, only psychological, and even equipment is left perfectly intact, despite vivid memories on the part of the victims of being crushed alive.
- Quaver Cleft Hearsay:
There is a woman who frequents the Tremble Pass that has never been "killed" while traversing the Quaver Cleft. Some call her lucky, most call her a Witch, in touch with whatever entity or force chooses the Cleft's victims.
- The Weird of Quaver Cleft:
Those who travel the Quaver Cleft know this effect to be the real thing, and not an illusion. There are bloodstains wherever a victim once lay, and if a group is travelling together, they all 'die', not just a singular individual.


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Dec. 27, 2012 A Chinese research team, led by Beijing Forestry University, BGI, Beijing Lin Fu Ke Yuan Flowers Co., Ltd, and other institutes, has completed the first genomic sequence of Prunus mume, known as mei. This work is extremely important for the deeper understanding of Rosaceae evolution and provides an invaluable resource for the improvement of fruit trees.
The latest study was published online December 27 in Nature Communication.
As one of the longest-lived flowering fruit trees, the P. mume was domesticated in China more than 3,000 years ago. It belongs to Rosaceae, the third most economically important plant family in temperate regions, and is characterized by high nutrition, medical value, and tolerance to low temperature in winter. Writers and artists have extolled the beauty of its flowers, and the blossom is considered to be the symbol of Chinese national spirit. The availability of P. mume genome will open a new way for better decoding the mysteries of this fascinating tree.
The plantation technique that makes P. mume so diverse--the artificial grafting--also makes their genomes difficult to assemble. In this study, researchers sequenced the genome of P. mume, a wild species from Tibet in China, using a robust approach integrated with next-generation sequencing (NGS) and whole-genome mapping (WGM) technologies. Then they constructed a high-density genetic map by applying restriction-site-associated DNA (RAD) marker strategy that further improves the quality of the genomic reference. Through all the efforts, researchers yielded the ~237Mb P. mume reference genome.
The poor phylogenetic resolution of the Rosaceae suggests rapid evolution within the family. In this study, the evolutionary analysis of P. mume genome demonstrated that there was no recent whole-genome duplication (WGD) event happened after the differentiation between P. mume and Malus x domestica (apple). However, the triplicated genomic arrangement was found in the P. mume genome by paleo-history analysis in Prunus.
Supported by the genomic data of apple and strawberry (Fragaria vesca), researchers successfully reconstructed nine ancestral chromosomes of Rosaceae family, and analyzed the chromosome fusion, fission and duplication history in three major subfamilies, including genera Prunus, Malus and Fragaria. Through analysis, they hypothesized that at least 11 fissions and 11 fusions occurred in P. mume from the nine common ancestral chromosomes. For apple, at least one WGD and five fusions took place to reach the 17-chromosome structure, compared with 15 fusions for strawberry to affect the 7-chromosome structure.
P. mume is one of the first trees that bloom in early spring, blooming even below 0℃. In this study, researchers investigated the genetic characteristics underlying the mechanisms related to acclimate to cold weather and release itself from dormancy. They found that dormancy-associated MADS-box transcription factors (DAM) family and C-repeat-binding transcription factors (CBF) were two important factors related with flowering dormancy.
As the saying goes, "Plum blossom incense from the cold weather," P. mume always has a special fragrance in winter. To understand its mechanism of floral scent, researchers identified a series genes related to the biosynthesis of volatile compounds, such as benzyl alcohol acetyltransferase (BEAT) gene. They supposed the expansion of the BEAT gene family might increase the content of benzyl acetate and therefore induces the special fragrance of P. mume.
The disease resistance related-genes may benefit the future breeding improvement. In this study, researchers found many related genes expanded tremendously in the P. mume genome, such as leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK) genes, the nucleotide-binding site-coding resistant gene (NBS-coding R gene), and pathogenesis-related (PR) gene families. It was reported that PR proteins could mediate plant defence against pathogenic constraints and the general adaptation to stressful environments. Most PR gene families in P. mume were expanded notably especially PR10, suggesting their expansion might be related to the response of P. mume to salt, drought and fungal infection in roots and leaves.
Wenbin Chen, Project Manager of BGI, said, "The P. mume genome lays a solid foundation for identification of important economic traits, and provides a valuable resource for P. mume breeding and other Rosaceae species studies. The work here also brings a new approach for further exploring the biosynthesis of floral scent and regulation mechanism of early blooming in endodormancy, and other comparative genomics studies on Rosaceae species."
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Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
- Qixiang Zhang, Wenbin Chen, Lidan Sun, Fangying Zhao, Bangqing Huang, Weiru Yang, Ye Tao, Jia Wang, Zhiqiong Yuan, Guangyi Fan, Zhen Xing, Changlei Han, Huitang Pan, Xiao Zhong, Wenfang Shi, Xinming Liang, Dongliang Du, Fengming Sun, Zongda Xu, Ruijie Hao, Tian Lv, Yingmin Lv, Zequn Zheng, Ming Sun, Le Luo, Ming Cai, Yike Gao, Junyi Wang, Ye Yin, Xun Xu, Tangren Cheng, Jun Wang. The genome of Prunus mume. Nature Communications, 2012; 3: 1318 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2290
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.


- Ideal Pools Inc
6 Reasons to Get a Hot Tub for Your Home
Updated: Sep 10, 2020
Hot tubs are the epitome of luxury and relaxation but they are also known for their health benefits as well as their ability to promote mental and emotional well-being.
From clearing the body of toxins to improving cardiovascular health, there really seems to be no downside to having a hot tub in your home.
If you are looking for a new way to relax at home with your friends and family, a hot tub may be the answer. Here are the main reasons you should get a hot tub for your home.
Hot tub on deck that is over looking a lake at dusk.
1. Anxiety Relief
Although it seems obvious, hot tubs and their connection to stress reduction and relaxation are extremely valuable. On top of the physical benefits regularly soaking in a hot tub, there is a mental and emotional benefit to it as well.
Stress is a common and dangerous health issue in the US that affects close relationships, sleep, mental health, weight, and overall well-being. Whether work is your source of stress or if it's the demands of modern life everyone deserves a break, including you.
You can incorporate hot tub sessions into your mornings to start the day off right or the evenings to wind down. Adding a soak in a hot tub to your daily life would be a life-changer.
You can face a stressful day head-on knowing that it will end with you soaking in a hot tub.
Stress and anxiety can be managed with a proper diet, regular exercise, and proper sleep but another aspect to anxiety relief is time spent simply enjoying a moment of quiet.
2. Promotes Quality Sleep
Insomnia is a common struggle for Americans that links to depression, anxiety, weight gain, high blood sugar, the list goes on and on. When you're not getting enough sleep you can begin to stress over getting sleep which, in turn, makes you sleep even less.
Because sleep disorders can be difficult to treat on your own it can be discouraging and exhausting to try and find ways to finally get some rest. Supplements, medications, and sleep podcasts could help but have you considered soaking in a hot tub before bed?
Using a hot tub daily promotes stress relief as we know, but that ties into getting quality sleep as well. Studies on hot tubs and their connection to sleep showed that using a hot tub before bed leads to deep, restful sleep.
Having a nighttime sleep ritual to signal to your brain and body that its time for sleep and ending it with a nice soak in the hot tub sounds like the perfect thing to do to keep your nerves away.
3. Self-Care
When you're busy, it is easy to get stuck on auto-pilot. Life moves fast and time never stops, it can be easy to overlook your needs and it can be difficult to prioritize yourself.
Self-care and self-love are necessary for all people. By assuring that we take little moments of our hectic days to check in with ourselves will assure that we can handle any amount of stress that comes our way.
Taking care of our emotional and mental well-being results in resiliency and strength when things don't go our way. Having a hot tub in your home is a sure-fire way to ensure that you will set aside some quality time to be with yourself.
By taking care of yourself first and foremost, you will signal to others around you that your time is valuable and your needs are important. Self-care can also increase confidence and self-esteem.
4. Spa Treatment at Home
By having a hot tub in your home, you no longer have to fantasize about vacation destinations during your 9-5. The vacation destination is your home!
Make it a complete experience by buying yourself a proper robe and slippers, putting on some relaxing music, and getting some waterside snacks and drinks.
You can even invite guests over and make an event out of it. Installing a hot tub will make your home a sanctuary for you, your family, and your friends!
5. Hot Tubs Can Be Enjoyed in Every Season
Unlike pools, that can only be enjoyed in the summer and spring (depending on the climate), hot tubs can be enjoyed whatever the weather!
Hot tubs also give you the perfect reason to spend some time outside in Spring, Summer, Fall and Winter ❄. You can enjoy a sunrise, sunset, or a starry night from the comfort of your hot tub.
6. Recover From Muscle and Joint Injuries
When you're in a hot tub you are buoyant, meaning that you have less stress on your muscles and joints which leads to recovery. The temperature of the water helps relieve pain.
The hot water also increases circulation in the body which leads to a decrease in inflammation and an increase in joint mobility for up to hours after you get out of the tub. Regular soaks in the hot tub also decrease muscle spasms and it's a great way to recover after a hard work out.
If you have arthritis, hot tubs can also be helpful to provide a gentle place at home to do exercises for your joints. Water exercises are pain-free and they increase flexibility and strength without the pressure on your joints.
A bonus is that hot tubs can also aid in the relief of headaches by dilating the blood vessels. The pressure that builds up in the head during a migraine or a headache can be decreased because of the dilated vessels alongside the general comfort and warmth the hot tub provides.
Get a Hot Tub and Increase Your Quality of Life
The list above is only scratching the surface of what having a hot tub in your home can bring to your life.
Other than providing mental, physical, and emotional benefits, hot tubs also are less wasteful than taking hot baths at home. Hot tubs don't need to be refilled every day unlike warm baths, that's why proper maintenance is of utmost importance if you do decide to invest in one.
Contact us for more information on how to get a hot tub and make your home a sanctuary!
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This study combines theoretical models drawn from folklore studies and anthropology to analyze the construction of cultural identity among the inhabitants of the Orkney Islands off the Northern Coast of Scotland. This work should appeal to scholars interested in anthropology, Scottish history, Scandinavian studies, ethnography, and folklore. This study examines the role of informal narrative (casual stories exchanged by people in everyday interactions) in the process of creating and maintaining cultural identity in relation to the inhabitants of the Orkney Islands off the Northern Coast of Scotland. These narratives serve as the means by which a community negotiates and forms its self-identity and, therefore, provide a suitable window onto this cultural negotiation process. Combining symbolic interpretive theory from anthropology with performance theory from folklore, this analysis illuminates narrative as a cultural tool used to construct various identities, concepts of communality and community.
This analysis, being directed towards the Orkney Islands, seeks to understand Orcadian identity in both its own perception of its separateness from mainland Scotland and the way in which it draws heavily on a sense of Scandinavian identity.
Dr. Michael A. Lange received his Ph.D. in Folklore from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, having completed master's degrees in cultural anthropology and Scandinavian studies from the same institution. He has lived in various parts of Scotland for more than two years, including a year of ethnographic fieldwork in the Orkney Islands. He currently resides in Madison, Wisconsin.
List of Illustrations; Foreword; Acknowledgements; Introduction; Anatomy of the Text; Chapter One - Background: Setting the Scene; Passages through the Islands; A Potted History of Orkney; Chapter Two - Being Important, Being 'Bigsy'; Importance; Stoicism and Being 'Bigsy'; Chapter Three - Orcadian Accent and Dialect; Language and Authenticity; Threat; Chapter Four - Heritage; History and Heritage; A Dissenting Opinion; Chapter Five - Orcadian Identity, Orcadian Voices; Orcadian Identity/Personal Identity; The Construction of Identity; Belonging to Orkney; Chapter Six - Conclusions; Bibliography; Index.


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David W. Grissmer and Andrew J. Mashburn, researchers at the University of Virginia's Curry School of Education, have received a $2.8 million grant to evaluate the effectiveness of the "WINGS for Kids" afterschool social and emotional learning program at four elementary schools in Charleston, S.C.
Ginny Deerin, a marketing executive and political fundraiser, founded the WINGS afterschool program in 1996 to serve children attending low-performing schools in high-risk neighborhoods in North Charleston. The children in these four schools and in the study experience extreme levels of economic and social risks; more than 90 percent receive free or reduced lunch.
The program seeks to teach students how to make good decisions and build healthy relationships. The 15-hour-a-week curriculum weaves 30 learning objectives into everyday activities that develop self-awareness, relationship skills, social awareness, self-management and responsible decision-making.
"Once children enter school, the afterschool hours before parents get home from work are critical periods for kids," Mashburn said. Many afterschool programs have been established to address the need to keep kids safe and constructively engaged during these hours, but rarely do these programs have evidence that what seems effective really is effective.
"Past evaluations provide encouraging evidence that the WINGS program has successfully impacted learning outcomes for kids," Mashburn said.
One study found that students who enrolled in two or more years of WINGS passed state standardized math and reading assessments at significantly higher rates than non-WINGS students. More years in WINGS also correlated with better grades and improved school attendance.
"The purpose of this grant is to provide a more rigorous evaluation of the WINGS afterschool program than has previously been possible, and in doing so we will be working with a large number of children and assessing the program's impacts on a broad range of academic and social outcomes across three years," Mashburn said. "This type of rigorous comprehensive longitudinal evaluation is very important for determining the effectiveness of this program."
Grissmer, a principal research scientist, and Mashburn, a senior scientist, work at the Center for Advanced Study of Teaching and Learning, a research center based at the Curry School that conducts empirical research to improve schooling and the outcomes for children.
Because more students apply for the WINGS program each year than can be accommodated, each school holds a lottery to determine which kindergartners may enroll, Mashburn explained. This circumstance will enable the researchers to be even more confident that any improvements they see can be attributed to the WINGS program.
"We will be able to conduct a randomized control trial comparing the social skills and achievement outcomes of students who were selected to enroll in WINGS with students not able to enroll, and to follow both groups over an extended period of time," he said.
Grissmer and Mashburn will examine students who start kindergarten in fall 2012 and follow them for three years. Students who start kindergarten in fall 2013 and fall 2014 will also participate, and more than 300 children will be tracked over the course of the study.
"The evidence is beginning to point to stronger social and emotional skills as a critically missing part of our national educational policy, which currently focuses almost entirely on academic achievement," Grissmer said. Evidence suggests that children's long-term outcomes are improved not only by gains in cognitive skills, but also gains in social and emotional skills, such as those emphasized in the WINGS program.
The research team, which includes Julia Blodgett, Elizabeth Cottone, Nancy Deutsch, and Sara Rimm-Kaufman from the Curry School, as well as assistant professor Laura Brock from the College of Charleston, who earned her Ph.D. from U.Va., will assess students' behaviors and relationships at home and at school, as well as reading skills, oral vocabulary, listening comprehension and mathematics skills. They will also conduct teacher surveys, parent interviews and classroom observations.
The four-year grant is being funded by the Institute for Education Sciences, part of the U.S. Department of Education.
In 2009, WINGS was named a "high-performing nonprofit" by the Alliance for Effective Social Investing, and has been recognized as representing best practices by the Academy for Educational Development, the National Institute of Out-of-School Time and the National Association of Elementary School Principals.
– by Lynn Bell