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Disclosure: We may get commissions for purchases made through links in this post.
Whether you have been playing softball for a little while or are just starting, it's important to get your batting down. This includes footing, follow-through on the swing, and body positioning. You may also be wondering if you should step when you hit. Don't worry. We've done the research on how to hit a softball for you, and the answer may surprise you.
You should not step when hitting a softball. You should plant your feet shoulder-width apart and shift your footing when you swing. Stepping during your swing will throw off your center of balance and decrease the power and precision of your hit.
What is the proper way to hit a softball? How do you hit the ball further in softball? How do you hit a slow-pitch softball harder? Keep reading to learn the answers to these questions and more.
Don't step during your swing.
You shouldn't step when hitting a softball because it hinders the power behind your strike and makes it more difficult to track the ball. When you change your footing during a swing, you can throw off your center of balance and impact the quality of your hit. Instead of stepping during a swing, you should shift your feet and use the back foot to push off the ground and gain more power when you hit the ball.
What is the proper way to hit a softball?
There are some simple steps to follow to hit a softball properly. These are the basic movements you should make for maximum power, better batting average, and a higher probability of hitting the ball where you want.
1. Stand with your feet shoulder-width apart
You should begin your stance next to the plate with your feet shoulder-width apart. Any wider will disrupt your balance and make it difficult to follow through with your swing. You should also bend your knees slightly. This helps balance and will make your swing smoother.
2. Measure your distance from the base
You don't want to be too close or too far from the base. This will make it more difficult to contact the ball in the correct place and put you in danger of being hit with the softball. To measure the correct distance, you should tap the opposite corner of the base with your bat.
3. Adjust your grip
The correct grip on the bat can mean the difference between a strike and a home run. You want to wrap both hands around the bottom of the base, your dominant hand above your non-dominant hand. Instead of holding the bat in the palms of your hands, you want to hold it with the middle joints in your fingers.
4. Prepare to swing
You should angle your dominant-hand shoulder down toward the umpire and hold the bat ready to swing. This is a ready-position. As you track the ball and get ready to swing, your ready-position will help you get the correct timing.
5. Angle your bat
Like your shoulder, you want to angle your bat down and swing upward. This ensures a positive swing or a swing that sends the ball forward rather than backward.
Check out this YouTube video on how to hit a baseball.
How do you hit the ball further in softball?
Everything you do when you hit a softball—your grip, stance, and swing—determine how much power and control you have when you hit the softball. Here are five ways you can increase your power when hitting a softball:
1. Adjust your grip
Not only do you want to position your hands correctly on the bat, but you want to hold it with your fingers, not your palm. You also want to have a firm but flexible grip. If your hands are as close to the knob as possible, you'll have a longer space of the bat to swing, and you'll be able to get more power when you hit.
2. Perfect your stance
Your stance, or how you position your body when you're preparing to swing, can make a big difference when it comes to the amount of power you have. You want to have your feet shoulder-width apart because this position provides good balance and helps your swing to be more powerful.
3. Practice your swing
A softball player can never have perfect swings all the time, but the more practice you get, the better your batting average will be. A good swing comes not only from the arms but from the rest of the body. Because your leg on your non-dominant side is in front of your leg on your dominant side, you use this balance to create more power. When you swing, you want to twist your hips and push off on the ball of your back foot. This will increase your stability and give you more power on your swing.
4. Predict the ball
One of the biggest components of becoming a great softball hitter is the moment of contact between the ball and your bat. You want to be tracking the ball as it comes toward you and prepare to swing to meet it. Depending on the type of pitch and the angle it's coming at you, you want to adjust the angle of your swing accordingly.
For grounders, you want to start swinging at a 10° angle. You want to start at a 30° angle for fly balls, and pop-ups should start at a 50° angle. These are general guidelines to follow, but you should adjust them according to what works for you.
5. Work on your follow-through
Once you've hit the ball, your job as a hitter isn't over. You should follow the swing through and end with your arms tucked into your other side. If you don't follow through, then the power of your swing is decreased.
How do you hit a slow-pitch softball harder?
Slow-pitch softball has pitches with slower speeds and a higher arc in the throw. These are generally easier to hit than fast-pitch softballs, but it requires an adjusted technique. You'll need to adjust your tracking and start swinging a little later than you would with a fast-pitch softball. Here are three quick steps to hitting a slow-pitch softball with power.
Use your hips
As you swing, you should rotate your hips and follow through into the swing. This utilizes the power in your hips and legs and makes your swing more powerful.
Bend your knees
If your knees are locked, it will reduce your motion and power. You should bend your knees for added flexibility. This stance also enhances your balance.
Improve your reaction speed
You want your bat to meet the ball in front of you, in the center of the ball. The sooner you make contact, the more power your swing will have, and the farther your ball will go.
Watch this YouTube video on how to hit a slow-pitch softball.
Items to improve your game
Not only does knowing the techniques for hitting a softball increase your power and performance, but additional items, such as gloves or the right bat, can really determine how good of a player you become. Here are some items that could help your game:
Before you practice with a pitcher, you might want to master your swing with a stand to hold your softball in place. This helps you practice the steps to swing properly and creates muscle memory you will utilize in a game.
Batting gloves are commonly used for hitting because it helps you get a better grip on the bat. They also help absorb the shock of impact and protect your hands while you swing.
Swing trainers strap on to your torso and your arm to ensure correct motion when you swing by preventing incorrect movement of your non-dominant arm. It helps build muscle memory so you can swing properly in a game.
Hitting a softball involves a lot more than just hitting the ball with the bat. You should use your whole body and do not step when hitting. With plenty of practice, you can get your swing down and become an amazing softball hitter.


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In San Jose, California, stands an unlived-in mansion, a Victorian pile with 160 rooms, 40 staircases, 467 doors, and 10,000 windows. The house's eccentric chambers, tortuous hallways, and stairways to nowhere today stand as testament to the damaged, bereaved psyche of the lonely widow who designed it. Built on the tragic fortune of "the gun that won the West," this is the Winchester Mystery House, the inspiration and setting for Jeremy Blake's Winchester film trilogy. Melding Blake's signature digital abstractions with footage of the mansion, the work interrogates traditional cinematic modes of storytelling; cultural mythologies surrounding guns, violence, and the American West; and the relationship between physical and simulated reality in the digital age.
In this publication, curator Benjamin Weil considers the Winchester trilogy in the context of the artist's career, and architecture critic Mitchell Schwarzer examines the San Jose mansion and its surroundings as a peculiar convergence of three built environments: the Winchester house, the aging Century Theatres complex across the street, and the Mediterranean-style Santana Row commercial development. Lush plates presenting sequences from all three works are accompanied by artist statements that provide insight into Blake's myriad motivations and rich symbolic vocabulary.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Morgantown, city (1990 pop. 25,879), seat of Monongalia co., N W.Va., near the Pa. line, on the Monongahela River; inc. 1785. A shipping point for a coal and limestone region, it also has glass, chemical, office furniture, mining equipment, and pharmaceutical industries. Fort Morgan was built there in 1772, and the first settlers arrived the same year. Iron, discovered in 1789, was the principal industry until the Civil War. The city is the seat of West Virginia Univ., which has two main campuses in town.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
More on Morgantown from Infoplease:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Hands-on Ningen Gakki Japanese Toy Turns Friends into Instruments
A new Japanese toy wants you to slap your friends to make music. The Ningen Gakki musical device by toy company Takara Tomy turns the human body into an instrument when you tap, poke, squeeze and slap other players.
The Ningen Gakki — which means "human instrument" in Japanese — is shaped like a miniature person (4.25 inches by 3.75 inches by 1 inch) and has metal sensors on its hands and feet.
The concept blends sensor technology and music with social interaction. When any two of the four electrodes are touched, the device creates a sound and the current is conducted through the players' bodies. The sounds are determined by where you touch the skin, so poking someone on the nose will create a different sound than slapping someone highfive.
The device, which takes 2 AAA batteries, is easy to use, but since its instructions are only in Japanese, a few trial-and-error attempts are needed to figure out what exactly you're doing.
Here's how it works: After hitting the "on" button and sitting through the extremely high-pitched "hello!" and greeter song, users can select one of three different modes: song mode, sound effect mode and drums mode. Hitting the "OK" button confirms the selection.
Although this sounds pretty self-explanatory, it's difficult to navigate between the modes and determine why the device is playing songs, making noises and showing drum beats before you've even started. Be warned that the Ningen Gakki previews your selection with sound before you start, so even when you think you've already begun, the device may still be feeling things out.
Song mode allows players to pick from one of 10 songs. Although its fun to tap along to songs you may know — each touch advances the song one note — this mode doesn't leave much room for creativity. Whether you tap someone on the hand or poke their nose, the song and notes are predetermined, so it limits experimentation.
However, the sound effect mode takes the device to the next level, allowing users access to 30 different sounds to play from, from animal noises to doorbells. Each varies depending on which body part is touched.
But perhaps the most dynamic and exciting feature is drums mode, which allows the body to become a drums set. Depending on where and how quickly a hit is made, drums mode allows players to create beat-box sounds and full rhythm songs as different body parts are touched.
We found that the Ningen Gakki is most fun when more people are playing at once. In fact, not everyone has to be touching the sensors to create sounds. As long as two people are touching the sensors simultaneously, others can form a large circle around the two and still play.
For example, if someone is touching the arm or leg of a person who is touching a sensor, and then another person is hooked onto that person and so on, a full circle can be made and the current can be conducted throughout everyone's bodies.
To shut off the device — or after it's been idle for a few minutes — the Ningen Gakki will say so long and power down. If you can get past its excruciatingly high-pitched voice, the Ningen Gakki can make an interesting bizarre toy for an ice breaker or a party.
Article provided by TechNewsDaily, a sister site to Laptopmag.com.
- Wearable Cat Ears Controlled, Wiggled by Brain
- 7 Quirky Gadgets for the Home
- 10 Profound Innovations Ahead


The face value classification of a financial instrument
What is Denomination?
A denomination is a classification for the face value of a financial instrument. It includes financial instruments, such as bonds, currency notes, coins, etc. In particular, the denomination is a classification used to clarify acceptable payment options in financial trades.
 - Denomination refers to the face value classification of a financial instrument.
 - Transactions can be denominated in all forms of currency.
 - Stocks are denominated by the minimum value given for a specific security. Bonds are denominated by their value at maturity.
Forms of Denomination
A denomination is a concept that comes with an assortment of different meanings. Discussed below are the many forms of a denomination in finance:
1. Currency Notes
In regard to tangible money, denomination refers to the types of notes that are dispensed from an ATM. The denomination of bills can range from $20, $50, and $100.
2. Transactions
Let us say Italy invoiced Canada for a large shipment of metal. The invoice would be described as a "Canadian dollar-denominated transaction" if the invoice were in Canadian dollars. If it were the other way, it would be a "euro-denominated transaction."
3. Stocks
Stocks come with a par value that relates to denomination. The value is referred to as the minimum value given for a specific security. The denomination, in this case, would be if a stock issuer chose to issue stock for "one cent par value per share."
Although it may seem odd, the denomination is set low to avoid potential legal liabilities if the stock was listed at a higher price.
4. Bonds
The denomination for a bond is equal to the bond's par value. As a reminder, the par value of a bond is the price paid to the lender at the maturity date. The value comprises an extremely large range because every bond matures differently.
With regard to selling, bonds are sold below the denomination. Bonds are sold below denomination because sellers are confident they can make their money back through the accumulation of interest over time.
Denomination – Collectable Currency
As stated above, the denomination is used to classify several financial instruments. It can also apply to collectible currency.
For example, you are taking a walk in a park, and you find a silver quarter from the 1950s. The face value of the quarter would read "25 cents," but it could potentially be worth more. It is because quarters made in the U.S. between 1932 and 1964 could be made out of 90% silver. If it were truly made out of silver, the quarter would be worth more than the original denomination (25 cents) just based on the value of silver.
Other than the value of the silver, the quarter can surpass the value of the original denomination with a number of factors, such as rarity, condition, and grading.
To put it into perspective, below is a list of currency that is worth more than the face value.
1913 Liberty Head Nickel: In 1913, an extremely small amount of the coins was put into circulation. If auctioned, the nickel can be worth up to $3.1 million.
1969-S Lincoln Cent: If the coin comprises the "double die obverse" characteristic, it can be worth $24,000 above face value.
1928 Gold Certificate ($50): The bill can be worth up to $120,000.
Denomination Nomenclature Examples
Denomination nomenclature refers to the "nicknames" that are given to specific values of currency. Below are some examples of denomination nomenclature:
United States: The $100 bill is referred to as a "Benjamin." It is a reference to the Founding Father, Benjamin Franklin.
Canada: In Canada, dollar coins are referred to as "loonies" and their two-dollar coins are referred to as "toonies."
Britain: In the U.K., 500 pounds is sometimes referred to as a "monkey."
Australia: In Australia, the five-cent coin is sometimes referred to as "shrapnel." It is because it is the smallest coin value in Australia.
New Zealand: Oneand two-dollar coins are often referred to as "gold coins."
Russia: Due to hyperinflation after the Russian Civil War, one billion rubles may be referred to as "watermelon."
Additional Resources
 - Functions of Money
 - Numismatics
 - Nominal Value
 - Virtual Currency
Financial Analyst Training


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James Parke, 1st Baron Wensleydale (_PHONE_), Judge
Sitter in 6 portraits
Trained in the law, he was called to the Bar and rapidly built up a legal practice. In 1828, he was raised to the King's Bench and in 1834; he was transferred to the Court of the Exchequer, where he exercised considerable influence as a judge for almost twenty years until 1855. The government under Lord Palmerston was keen to have his services as a Law Lord, and he was made a life peer as Baron Wensleydale in 1856. There was opposition in the House of Lords, particularly from the Conservatives, to the notion of life peerages, as they feared this would enable the government to swamp the House with its supporters. Palmerston was determined to have him as a Law Lord, and made Parke a heredity peer.
by Sir George Hayter
pen and ink and wash, 1820
Law and Crime


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The Hawai'i State Department of Health's Tobacco Prevention and Education Program (TPEP) is the official state government program addressing tobacco control in Hawaii. It is funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) through the Comprehensive National Tobacco Control Program.
This Plan serves as the principal guide in the fight to reduce the health and economic burden of tobacco use in Hawai'i over the five-year period of 2011-2016. This Plan identifies and defines priority strategies, recommended community activities and targeted outputs, and provides key outcome indicators to measure progress, see HRS §328L-6 (d).
Click HERE for the full DOH Tobacco Strategic Plan 2011-2016. (PDF file format, approx. 8 Megabytes)
The purpose of the Tobacco Prevention and Education Program is to reduce tobacco consumption through a comprehensive multi-strategy approach that reflects prevention and education approaches, in order to reduce or eliminate the burden of disease and disability caused by its use. (A complete description of the TPEP goals and objectives is available in the Program Narrative). The program's activities are based on four overall goals:
Prevent tobacco use initiation among youth
Promote quitting among adults and youth
Eliminate exposure to environmental tobacco smoke
Identify and eliminate disparities among populations
Community planning supports the four goals of the Tobacco Prevention and Education Program (TPEP). These goals can be best achieved by increasing the number of organizations and individuals involved in planning and conducting community-level education and training programs; placing pro-health messages that inform, educate, and support local tobacco control initiatives and policies; promoting the adoption of public and private tobacco control policies; and measuring outcomes through surveillance and evaluation techniques.
To achieve the individual behavior change that supports the nonuse of tobacco, communities must change the way tobacco is promoted, sold, and used while changing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of young people, tobacco users, and nonusers. Effective community programs involve people in their homes, work sites, schools, places of worship and entertainment, civic organizations, and other places. Read complete article.
Youth Initiation Prevention and Cessation
Prevention of the onset of smoking during the school year is a major focus of the Tobacco Prevention and Control Program (TPEP). Most people who start smoking are younger than 18, and many begin tobacco use before high school. It is critical to provide tobacco prevention education to students in elementary through high school because impressions about tobacco use are formed and developed during this period.
TPEP blends its efforts to prevent youth initiation and promote youth cessation through schoolbased activities, community-based activities, services for teachers with the Department of Education, and tobacco-free policy promotion in the University of Hawai'i system. Read complete article.
Although secondhand smoke (SHS) is classified as a carcinogen that is known to cause cancer, not everyone is fully aware of the risks of exposure. This is particularly worrisome with respect to infants and children, who are at highest risk of SHS exposure in the environment that should be the safest for them – the home. Read complete article.
General Cessation and Youth Access Prevention
Programs that successfully assist smokers, regardless of age, in quitting can produce a quicker and probably greater short-term public health benefit than any other component of a comprehensive tobacco control program. Smokers who quit smoking before age 50 cut in half their risk of dying in the next 15 years. In addition, implementation of moderately-priced, effective smoking cessation interventions would more than pay for these interventions within 3 to 4 years through cost savings from reduced tobacco use. One smoker successfully quitting reduces the anticipated medical cost associated with acute myocardial infarction and smoke, for example, by an estimated $47 in the first year and $853 over the next seven years. Smoking cessation is more cost-effective than other commonly provided clinical preventive services, including mammography, colon cancer screening, PAP tests, treatment of mild to moderate hypertension, and treatment of high cholesterol. Read complete article.
The purpose of the Tobacco Prevention and Education Program is to reduce tobacco consumption through a comprehensive multi-strategy approach that reflects prevention and education strategies. This approach focuses on defining the tobacco use problem, strategic planning, coordination and implementation of tobacco use prevention and control activities among partners, mobilizing communities, programmatic actions addressing legislation policy, media advocacy and counter-marketing, data gathering, surveillance and evaluation. This approach focuses on:
eliminating exposure to secondhand smoke;
preventing tobacco use initiation and promote quitting among youth;
promoting quitting among adults;
identifying and eliminating disparities among populations
counter pro-tobacco influences.
Surveillance & Evaluation
The functions and activities of each component of the Tobacco Prevention and Education Program (TPEP) are supported by data collected and analyzed by the epidemiologist. Established sources of data include several national population-based health surveillance systems which include elements pertaining to tobacco use. Survey tools have also been designed and used by TPEP to collect more detailed or topic-specific data in order to meet program needs with respect to planning and evaluation. Read complete article.
Resources & Data
The Hawaii Department of Health, Tobacco Prevention and Education Program strives to use data to inform the program planning and evaluation process. Hawaii participates in several national population-based health surveillance systems which collect information on tobacco use. To supplement these, TPEP has participated in and commissioned additional surveys to collect more in-depth information about knowledge, attitudes and media exposure. Periodically, information from these various data sources are pooled to create and update fact sheets, and data monographs which are made available to the public for use and reproduction. In addition, this area covers all the printed materials designed and distributed by the Tobacco program including the Law's Brochure, Cessation materials, secondhand smoke materials among many others. Access detailed listing.
2008 Hawaii Tobacco Control Conference
The overall goal of the 2008 Hawaii Tobacco Control Conference "After the Smoke Clears: Facing the Next Challenges in Tobacco Control" was to advance the knowledge of professionals and community members to increase their effectiveness in tobacco control in the context of health, cultural, and economic issues from global, national, and local perspectives. The theme of the 2008 conference focused on the challenges that remain in tobacco control after the smoke clears and our perspectives are sharper. Access link here.
Hawaii's Smoke-Free Law
On November 16, 2006, Hawai'i celebrated becoming the 14th state to go smoke-free and enact a comprehensive law that protects workers throughout the state from exposure to secondhand smoke. In a June 2006 report, U.S. Surgeon General Richard Carmona issued the federal government's scientific report which concludes that there is no risk-free level of exposure to secondhand smoke. Act 295 prohibits smoking in enclosed and partially enclosed areas, within 20 feet of doorways and requires signage upon entry to buildings. Read complete article.
Tobacco Prevention & Education Program
1250 Punchbowl St. Rm 217
Honolulu, HI 96813
Phone: _PHONE_
Fax: _PHONE_


New to the site? Try Quick User Guide
COVID-19 Quick View: Remote Learning Guidance & Resources
Creating Student Groups at LPS Richmond
Sophia Thomas, teacher, explains her strategy for creating learning groups.
Transcript: Sophia Thomas: When I do the group, I'm looking at a couple of things. I'm looking at the data on my teacher dashboard. I'm looking at the planner. I'm also checking out what kids are doing for homework. I generally try to pull kids that are in the general same area. You'll find out they're from several different groups. It's like creating little experts that go back to their team and spill that knowledge.


Blog Link Classification
Justin Martineau, Matthew Hurst
Blog links raise three key questions: Why did the author make the link, what exactly is he pointing at, and what does he feel about it? In response to these questions we introduce a link model with three fundamental descriptive dimensions where each dimension is designed to answer one question. We believe the answers to these questions can be utilized to improve search engine results for blogs. While proving this is outside the scope of this paper, we do prove that knowing the rhetorical role of a link helps determine what the author was pointing at and how he feels about it.
Subjects: 12. Machine Learning and Discovery; 13.1 Discourse
Submitted: Feb 15, 2008


Lawn Care
Math and Arithmetic
Units of Measure
How many cubic yards in an area 24x32x6?
Top Answer
User Avatar
Wiki User
Answered 2010-07-06 22:38:45
That is 4608 cubic feet, so 4608 divided by 27 cubic feet per cubic yard equals _PHONE_... cubic yards
It depends on what the area is measured in, inches, feet, yards or metres.
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Your Answer
Related Questions
This area has a volume of: about 0.764 cubic meters.
There are cubic yards and there are square yards There are no cubic square yards. You can't convert square yards into cubic yards; one measures area, the other measures volume.
a cubic yard is 27 cubic ftyou have 5,000 cubic ft5,000 / 27 = 185.2 cubic yards
53.33333333 cubic yards. I think. Wouldn't you divide your numbers by three to get yards and then multiply those answers together to get the area in cubic yards??
An area with these dimensions has a volume of 3.03 cubic yards.
Cubic yards is a measure of volume and square yards is a unit of area. The two are not directly convertible.
This is not a valid conversion because cubic yards is a measure of volume while square yards is a measure of area.
cubic feet is a volume unit not area unit but anyway the result is: 768 cubic feet = 28.44 cubic yards
That makes no sense. -Square yards is AREA. -Cubic yards is VOLUME. They are totally different. (However, 3 yards cubed, i.e. 3 yards x 3 yards x 3 yards = 27 CUBIC yards)
An acre is an area, a cubic yard is a volume, the question has no meaning
It is impossible to express cubic feet as an area.
None. The extent of a football field is generally measured in terms of its area, for which the units would be square yards, not cubic yards.
There are 27 square feet in one cubic yard. This works out to be 10 cubic yards.
If the 1 cubic yard is in the form of a cube. Then its surface area is 6 square yards.
240 cubic feet = about 8.9 cubic yards. (8.88888889 cubic yards).
That is 22.222 cubic yards
This is not a valid conversion. Cubic meters is a measure of volume while square yards is a measure of area.
Your 1 cubic meter = 1.30795 cubic yards.
One cubic meter is 1.308 cubic yards.
There are 1.308 cubic yards in one cubic meter.
How many loose cubic yards is 9000 bank cubic yards?


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The statgrab library provides a cross-platform interface to getting system statistics. Each of the function calls to grab some statistics returns an array of structures. Functions which return always a fixed number of array entries (typical one) won't take an additional parameter to store the number of array entries, others will. Anyway, if the information isn't available anymore, you can call sg_get_nelements(). See the manual page for each individual function for more details on usage.
For each statistic type there are two functions available to fetch the data: sg_get_STATTYPE (e.g. sg_get_cpu_stats) and sg_get_STATTYPE_r (e.g. sg_get_cpu_stats_r). The difference between both interfaces is the ownership of the returned statistic structures: while the (well known) sg_get_cpu_stats returns a pointer to a memory area owned and controlled by the statgrab library, sg_get_cpu_stats_r will return a pointer to a memory area owned and controlled by the caller. Storage owned by the statgrab library will be reused in follow-up calls to the same statistic grabbing function within the same thread. The memory is freed when the thread ends. This could result in dangling pointers when you exchange those pointers between threads. Storage which is owned by the caller must be freed by the caller when it's not used any more.
sg_init() must be the first function you call before you start to use libstatgrab; it performs all the one-time initialisation operations that need setuid/setgid privileges. For instance, on *BSD it opens a descriptor to be able to read kernel structures later on, and on Solaris it reads the device mappings that in some cases are only accessible by root (machines with a /dev/osa). To handle this, each statgrab module has a private initialisation routine called by sg_init(). sg_init() takes an argument to tell whether initialisation errors of components shall abort the library initialisation process or not. Regardless of this value, the failing module initialisations will usually lead into (partially) unusable statistics. Once sg_init() has run, most of the other libstatgrab functions no longer need elevated privileges (some Unices require higher privileges to access command line argument of processes owned by other users, Linux doesn't deliver some network card information to unprivileged users, etc.). It is therefore a good idea to call sg_drop_privileges(), which discards setuid and setgid privileges, immediately after you call sg_init(), unless your application has a reason for needing setuid or setgid privileges.
sg_shutdown() should be the very last statgrab library function you call. You shouldn't invoke this function when any thread is still existing which had made calls to the statgrab library. If you don't invoke sg_shutdown(), it's done automatically at_exit().
Both, sg_init() and sg_shutdown() use a counter to prevent to early destruction of libstatgrab in a process where more than one component uses libstatgrab. This counter is guarded by a mutual exclusion semaphore when thread capabilities are built in.
sg_init(), sg_shutdown() and sg_drop_privileges() return SG_ERROR_NONE on success, and any other on failure.
For proper thread support, sg_lock_mutex() and sg_unlock_mutex() are available to allow locking system functions which aren't thread safe. While it's generally not the wisest idea to mix calls to the statgrab library and similar calls to the system library, it is possible to protect known unsafe functions. There's currently one system API known to be not thread-safe: accessing
utmp. The other non-threadsafe functionality used by the statgrab library is the global component management during initialisation (e.g. counting the number of calls to sg_init() to prevent first call to sg_shutdown() leaves the library in an unusable status).
Mutex name: statgrab
Protects: statgrab library globals
Mutex name: utmp
Protects: accessing login records
There's currently no way to get a list of used mutex names, so beg that any author which adds more semaphores to guard implementations is fair enough to add them here.
It is the intended practice that whenever a libstatgrab function is called and subsequently fails that an appropriate error will be set. Please use sg_get_error() and associates to get informed about the individual circumstances of the error condition.
libstatgrab(3) sg_get_cpu_stats(3) sg_get_disk_io_stats(3) sg_get_fs_stats(3) sg_get_host_info(3) sg_get_load_stats(3) sg_get_mem_stats(3) sg_get_network_io_stats(3) sg_get_network_iface_stats(3) sg_get_page_stats(3) sg_get_process_stats(3) sg_get_swap_stats(3) sg_get_user_stats(3) sg_get_error(3) sg_internal-intro(3)
sg_comp_init(3), sg_internal-intro(3), statgrab(3).


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Global Collections Initiative: Latin America
The University of Glasgow Library is participating in the Centre for Research Libraries' (CRL) Global Collections Initiative. The initial development phase focuses on Latin America and the Caribbean but there are plans to expand to other regions in future years. For the duration of the development phase, members of the University of Glasgow can access GCI Latin American resources at no cost.
The initiative seeks to expand electronic access to primary source materials and data for area and international studies. In cooperation with institutions in the U.S., Canada, U.K., Germany, and Latin America, the GCI will invest resources in three major areas of activity:
- Providing electronic access to primary source documentation through digitization
- Establishing a framework for collective dealings with publishers and other vendors of key databases for Area and International Studies
- Assessing area studies web archiving practices, and creating a sustainable plan for ongoing capture and archiving of born-digital source materials
GCI participants have access to the rich resources pertaining to Latin America held by CRL in microform and digital formats:
- Historical and current newspapers published in Latin America and the Caribbean
- Political, economic, and cultural journals
- Government documents and archival resources
- Statistical reports and census information
- Publications pertaining to the Latin American Diaspora
Discovery and access
The Global Collections Initiative website provides catalogue access to the Latin American collections. For more information on the CRL Latin American collections see Topic Guide to Latin American Studies & CRL blog about GCI Latin America
- Digital delivery of materials scanned in response to loan requests, and to other collections digitised by CRL for research and teaching;
- Document delivery of articles and chapters sent through ARIEL document delivery
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text:
Patient Rule Induction Method with Active Learning
|Termin||Fr 29. November 2019|
|Kurzfassung||PRIM (Patient Rule Induction Method) is an algorithm to create hyperboxes that are human comprehansable. But PRIM requires relatively large datasets. It has been shown, that using ML models (e.g. Random Forrest) that generalize faster can increase performance by around 75%.
In this Thesis we are trying to increase the overall performance even further, using an active learning approach in order to train the models. Acquiring labels for a given dataset can be quite costly, with active learning only a small part of the dataset has to ben labeled (if at all). Furthermore, a preliminary experiment indicated, that combining these methods does indeed increase performance even further.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
 constant <- function(x){1}
this is probably more than ridiculously simple, but any reason as to why this isn't working?
is there a different way I should be writing the function for constants?
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2 Answers
up vote 7 down vote accepted
You can use the Vectorize function to convert a non-vectorized function into the sort of function that integrate requires:
> constant <- function(x){1}
> Vconst <- Vectorize(constant)
> integrate(Vconst,lower=1,upper=10)
9 with absolute error < 1e-13
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From?integrate:
An R function taking a numeric first argument and returning a numeric vector of the same length. Returning a non-finite element will generate an error.
You need to return a vector the same length as x. Try:
constant <- function(x){rep(1,length(x))}
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text:
Sunon Liquid Circulation Cooling (LCC) System
The need for this kind of cooling technology is being driven by the thermal challenges that are associated with ever increasing processor speeds. As CPUs and associated electronics become faster, and hotter, the ability to dissipate this heat with conventional air cooling devices is becoming increasingly difficult. Even when the heat can be removed with active air cooling devices, the price that must be paid with noisier acoustics (due to the high fan speeds required) is often unacceptable to both the system designer and the product end user.
With increased thermal efficiency provided by a liquid heat transfer medium, liquid circulation cooling does offer significant cooling advantages over conventional air cooling. Presently, however, there are still several key limitations of liquid cooling that have prevented its widespread adoption by the majority of the mainstream desktop and notebook computer makers.


text:
According to a recent survey, the probability that a passenger files a complaint with the Department of Transportation about a particular U.S. airline is.000014. Suppose 100,000 passengers who flew with this particular airline are randomly contacted.
a. What is the probability that exactly five passengers filed complaints?
b. What is the probability that none of the passengers filed complaints?
c. What is the probability that more than six passengers filed complaints?
A Department of Transportation survey showed that 60% of U.S. residents over 65 years of age oppose use of cell phones in flight even if there were no issues with the phones interfering with aircraft communications systems. If this information is correct and if a researcher randomly selects 25 U.S. residents who are over 65 years of age,
a. What is the probability that exactly 12 oppose the use of cell phones in flight?
b. What is the probability that more than 17 oppose the use of cell phones in flight?
c. What is the probability that less than eight oppose the use of cell phones in flight? If the researcher actually got less than eight, what might she conclude about the Department of Transportation survey?© BrainMass Inc. brainmass.com June 4, 2020, 2:04 am ad1c9bdddf
The solution determines the mean, the variance, and the standard deviation.


text:
Selection rule for Dirac-like points in two-dimensional dielectric photonic crystals
KAUST DepartmentComputer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division
Applied Mathematics and Computational Science Program
Waves in Complex Media Research Group
MetadataShow full item record
AbstractWe developed a selection rule for Dirac-like points in two-dimensional dielectric photonic crystals. The rule is derived from a perturbation theory and states that a non-zero, mode-coupling integral between the degenerate Bloch states guarantees a Dirac-like point, regardless of the type of the degeneracy. In fact, the selection rule can also be determined from the symmetry of the Bloch states even without computing the integral. Thus, the existence of Dirac-like points can be quickly and conclusively predicted for various photonic crystals independent of wave polarization, lattice structure, and composition. © 2013 Optical Society of America.
SponsorsThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. _PHONE_), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2012ZZ0077), and the KAUST Baseline Research Fund.
PublisherThe Optical Society
- Wyckoff positions and the expression of polarization singularities in photonic crystals.
- Authors: Wheeldon JF, Schriemer H
- Issue date: 2009 Feb 16
- Double Dirac cones in two-dimensional dielectric photonic crystals.
- Authors: Li Y, Mei J
- Issue date: 2015 May 4
- Three-dimensional dielectric phoxonic crystals with network topology.
- Authors: Ma TX, Wang YS, Wang YF, Su XX
- Issue date: 2013 Feb 11
- Light propagation in three-dimensional photonic crystals.
- Authors: Kawashima S, Ishizaki K, Noda S
- Issue date: 2010 Jan 4
- All-optical bistability and switching near the Dirac point of a 2-D photonic crystal.
- Authors: Mattiucci N, Bloemer MJ, D'Aguanno G
- Issue date: 2013 May 20


Wiring a three pronged rocker switch
 1. Alright, I came here looking for help as I haven't been able to figure out the answer.
 in that picture the left is the bronze colour prong, following two are silver. There are numberings for each prong going 3-2-1 respectively from left(bronze, BUT the bronze pin has both a + and - sign vertically over the #3) to right.
 I'm trying to wire this switch to control a cooling fan on my motorcycle, however, there are only two wires that are present. Obviously, power and negative. I'm trying to have the swtich not only turn on the fan but also illuminate the rocker.
 How do I wire it up.
 Flame away if you must, but at least provide me with the answer.. lol
 2. jcsd
 3. Most of those switches are the same. So try this.
 Pin 1 to 12VDC from your motorcycle
 Pin 2 to + input of your fan (tie the - input of the fan directly to ground)
 Pin 3 to ground
 4. berkeman
 Staff: Mentor
 Do you have a DVM or resistance meter? Just beep out the connections. There will be one common pin, and the switch position will determine which one of the other two pins is connected to the common pin.
 5. MATLABdude
 MATLABdude 1,724
 Science Advisor
 Welcome to PhysicsForums!
 In my experience, I'd assume the bronze one is probably the common, if it's a SPDT (single pole, double throw switch). For the schematic representation of that, see the Wikipedia page:
 The switch looks like it may light up. If it does, the internal wiring of the switch may be different, and one of the contacts may actually be for the lamp. You didn't happen to hang onto the packaging the switch originally came in?
 6. I will presume that it _is_ a lighted switch (with an internal lamp of some kind). If you have an Ohm meter, two of the pins will appear to be connected together and will (dis)connect from the third when you toggle the switch. That third pin is the one that should go to the +power. The two that seem to be connected should actually have a very small resistance between them because one of them goes to the lamp -- and is meant to go to the -power/ground so the lamp lights up when the switch is on. If you can tell which of the two has a slight resistance to the +power-pin when ON, that is the bulb-ground pin. If you can't tell which is which, connect one to your fan (DO NOT connect the other to ground yet) and see if the fan runs. If the fan works and the bulb is not dimly glowing, that is your switch control pin. If no-workie or dim glow that pin is the bulb-ground.
 I would draw a nice schematic but it would take even longer than this description...
Have something to add?


Quick Answer: Can High Blood Pressure Make You Smell?
Can high blood pressure cause phantom smells?
Adults with diagnosed, but controlled, high blood pressure reported phantom odors more frequently than those without high blood pressure.
We observed a threefold greater odds of phantom odor perception among adults aged 60 years and older with diabetes, but only among those who use both insulin and oral medications..
Can high blood pressure make you feel out of breath?
Is tiredness a sign of high blood pressure?
High blood pressure can damage the small blood vessels in your kidneys and stop them from working properly. This can cause a number of symptoms, including: tiredness.
Why can't I smell cinnamon?
If You Can't Smell Gasoline or Cinnamon, You Might Be Developing Parkinson's. Researchers say the inability to smell things like lemons and onions can predict Parkinson's by as much as 10 years before other symptoms appear.
What happens when you smell cinnamon?
Can stress cause you to smell smoke?
How do I get rid of phantom smells?
While pinpointing the cause of phantosmia can sometimes be difficult, treatment is available, including nasal saline drops, anti-depressants, sedatives and anti-epileptic drugs. Most patients respond to medication, however, a surgical procedure involving the olfactory bulb has also been shown to provide relief.
What scents improve mood?
6 Scents That Can Transform Your Mood and ProductivityLemon. This scent promotes concentration and has calming and clarifying properties that are helpful when you're feeling angry, anxious or run down. … Lavender. This essential oil has calming properties that help control emotional stress. … Jasmine. … Rosemary. … Cinnamon. … Peppermint.
Does smell affect memory?
What are the symptoms of your blood pressure being too high?
Does smell affect heart rate?
The light-smell stimulus lowered blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic, and reduced heart rate for all odours compared to control. Of the two sensory stimuli, the odour stimulus contributed most to this effect.
Why do I smell like poop?
How do you know when pulmonary hypertension is getting worse?
Pulmonary hypertension may not cause any symptoms at first. Often, shortness of breath or lightheadedness during activity is the first symptom. As the disease gets worse, symptoms can include the following: Increased shortness of breath, with or without activity.
What are the 4 signs of an impending heart attack?
Can smells affect blood pressure?
Unpleasant or Negative odors can have a negative health impact; nausea, headaches, depression, increased anxiety, Elevated blood pressure, decrease in physical energy, compromise immune system, physical discomfort, increase in anger and stress, and muscular, control problems fatigue and confusion.
Why do I keep smelling feces?
What is the best drink for high blood pressure?
What is the main cause of high blood pressure?
Why do I feel like I smell smoke?
How does smell affect us?


Vedobi in West Delhi
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+91 Send Message
Cholesterol Lotion Cholesterol occurs on the outer surface of all cells of the body. It is a type of smooth steroid (a type of chemical substance produced inside the body) that is spread throughout the body through the plasma. Cholesterol is of two types - LDL (low density lipoprotein) and HDL (high density lipoprotein). HDL is called good cholesterol and LDL is called bad cholesterol that is present in the body. Bad cholesterol causes blockage in the arteries, after which the risk of heart attack increases. To avoid bad cholesterol and keep the heart healthy, you should use the "Aarogyam Shakti Cholesterol Lotion", which is known for its quality and great treatment, provided by Vedobi. Cholesterol lotion (CHOLESTEROL LOTION) is a miraculous Ayurvedic product formulated to reduce bad cholesterol. It is prepared from natural ingredients like linseed, nigella, drumstick, Arjuna, Indrayan etc. Cholesterol lotion keeps the heart healthy by removing the blockage of the arteries. It reduces the chance of heart disease by 99%. Cholesterol lotion is a panacea for bad cholesterol.
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text:
Get the pip
Become irritated or annoyed.
It isn't likely that anyone would guess the original meaning of 'the Pip'. The odd fact is that it was coined in the 15th century as the name of a respiratory disease of birds. Specifically a disease that had a typical symptom of a white scaly patch on the tongue. This is first cited in the Middle English translation of the 4th century Roman writer Palladius's De Re Rustica, circa 1440:
And other while an hen wul ha the pippe,
A whit pilet that wul the tonge enrounde
Contemporary with that usage is a reference to a human disease. This appears in John Lelamour's translation of the 15th century herbal guide the Macer Herbal:
Playnteyn helithe the pipe [Plantain heals the pip]
It's good to find a use for plantain, which most gardeners revile as a noxious weed.
Some early citations concerning the human disease Pip refer to it as a disease of the mouth and it may be that duplicates the bird disease name. Other citations are quite varied in their context and it is more likely that 'Pip' was a jokey disease name, somewhat like 'lurgy' or 'nadgers'.
Most references to 'the pip' related specifically to the bird disease, which appears to have been well known and is frequently referred to in print. People in poor spirits were described as 'like a chicken with the pip' etc.
It wasn't until the 19th century that the specific avian references were dropped and people who were were annoyed or dispirited began to be described simply as having 'got the pip'. An example of that comes in High and Low, a novel by the English author Henry Coke, 1845:
"Yes, will you come?"
"I want to come, but here's More says he won't go."
"What's the matter, has he got the pip?" inquired his lordship.


text:
Hot answers tagged vikings
In short: no. Culturally, the Vikings are well-documented to be part of the Norse culture of the Dark Ages, which in turn is clearly descended from an earlier common Germanic culture. Linguistically, the Vikings spoke Old Norse, which is part of the North Germanic branch of Indo-European. The Israelites spoke Ancient Hebrew, which is part of the Semitic...
I believe that the scene is 13 Warriors is taken from the account of Ahmad ibn Fadlān ibn al-Abbās ibn Rāšid ibn Hammād (Arabic: أحمد بن فضلان بن العباس بن راشد بن حماد) detailing his dealing with Northmen. This was a inspiration for Michael Crichton's Eaters Of The Dead which was a source for 13 Warriors.
The Jewish diaspora did manage to make its way to some fairly far off lands - India, Ethiopia, Spain... there is a written historical record, and also strong archaeological evidence to document their migration to these places. Unfortunately, there is no such record or body of evidence to support Scandinavia as one of those far off lands. 15th century...
Only top voted, non community-wiki answers of a minimum length are eligible


Asna Aneta
- Ekonomi
The research aims to analyze the effectiveness of online-based licensing services at the Capital Investment and Integrated One-stop Services (DPM-PTSP) in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The research method was using a survey method with an explanatory approach and serving the research findings in a descriptive-quantitative way. The informants were the state civil apparatuses at DPM-PTSP. The data collection techniques were: 1) Observation, 2) Interview, and 3) Questionnaire. Meanwhile, the data analysis techniques used were data reduction, data display, and data verification interpreted quantitatively and qualitatively and taken from primary and secondary data. The research findings were: 1) The integrated one-stop service concept to improve the quality of licensing services in Gorontalo in the Fourth Industrial Revolution; 2) The determinants of the quality of licensing services in Gorontalo in the Fourth Industrial Revolution; 3) The effectiveness of online-based licensing services at DPM-PTSP in terms of a) Services: less optimized online-based licensing service implementation. The evidence argued that the service was ineffective in terms of human resources which were low. Either the staff or facilities and infrastructures were inadequate, b) Online-based program implementation: the implementation of online-based licensing services was not optimized as it was a new program at DPM-PTSP. Besides, several challenges started to appear; such as the limited number of staff who provided the online-based service for the community, the community's inadequate understanding of how to use the Internet and the online-based licensing services, lack of facilities and infrastructures, and others. The challenges could be reduced by optimizing the education and training for the staff, optimizing socialization from DPM-PTSP to the community who were not experienced in using technology networks, providing facilities and infrastructures needed by providing budget, and optimizing service provision. Furthermore, DPM-PTSP should well respond to the customers' complaints and improve their service performances. Keywords: Effectiveness of Licensing Services; Online-based; the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Program Studi Ilmu Administrasi Publik PPs UNM Makassar
Tipe Material
Berkas ini telah didownload sebanyak 36 kali


text:
Syntax: GetAsText ( data )
dataAny field or expression that returns a number, date, time, timestamp, or container.
Data type returned: Text
Description: GetAsText() returns the text equivalent of data in any other data type. You can then manipulate the data as you would any other text string.
When applied to a container field that stores a reference to an object, GetAsText() returns the path to the container data. If the container data is embedded in the database, GetAsText() returns a question mark.
One frequent use of GetAsText() is to get the path and filename information for container data stored as a reference. You can then parse the path information and build links to other objects in the same location.
In most cases, you do not need to explicitly coerce number, date, and time data into text before performing text operations on the data. Text functions operate on numbers, dates, and times as if they were text strings, even if you don't wrap the data with GetAsText().
GetAsText (Get (CurrentDate))
Might return 3/8/2004.
: FileMaker Specifications
FileMaker 8 Product Line
Specifications and Storage Limits
Field Types and Import/Export Formats
: Calculation Functions
Working with Calculations Primer
: Custom Functions
Custom Functions Primer
Useful Custom Functions
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Script Step Reference
: Quick Reference
FileMaker Error Codes
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Where to Go for More Information


text:
||This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2009)
A Notice to Airmen (NOTAM or NoTAM) is a notice filed with an aviation authority to alert aircraft pilots of potential hazards along a flight route or at a location that could affect the safety of the flight. NOTAMs are created and transmitted by government agencies and airport operators under guidelines specified by Annex 15: Aeronautical Information Services of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (CICA). The term NOTAM came into common use rather than the more formal Notice to Airmen following the ratification of the CICA, which came into effect on 4 April 1947. Notices to Airmen were normally published in a regular publication by each country's air authorities (e.g., in Flight Magazine in the UK). A number of developments and amendments to the CICA have resulted in the more automated system available today.
A NOTAM is filed with an aviation authority to alert aircraft pilots of any hazards en route or at a specific location. The authority in turn provides a means of disseminating relevant NOTAMs to pilots.
NOTAMs are issued (and reported) for a number of reasons, such as:
- hazards such as air-shows, parachute jumps, kite flying, rocket launches, etc.
- flights by important people such as heads of state (sometimes referred to as temporary flight restrictions, TFRs)
- closed runways
- inoperable radio navigational aids
- military exercises with resulting airspace restrictions
- inoperable lights on tall obstructions
- temporary erection of obstacles near airfields (e.g., cranes)
- passage of flocks of birds through airspace (a NOTAM in this category is known as a BIRDTAM)
- notifications of runway/taxiway/apron status with respect to snow, ice, and standing water (a SNOWTAM)
- notification of an operationally significant change in volcanic ash or other dust contamination (an ASHTAM)
- software code risk announcements with associated patches to reduce specific vulnerabilities
Aviation authorities typically exchange NOTAMs over AFTN circuits.
Software is available to allow pilots to identify NOTAMs near their intended route or at the intended destination.
In the U.S. Air Force information technology enterprise, C4 NOTAMs (Command, Control, Communications, and Computer Notices to Airmen) are notices of new or updated Air Force Network Operating Instructions (AFNOIs). Often, these notices serve to direct Air Force computer administrators to install security updates or change the configuration of computer systems.
In joint task forcesNOTAMs is the common term for "Notice to All Members".
The following describes ICAO NOTAMs. NOTAMs are published using all upper case letters which are claimed by some to make NOTAMs difficult to read. Note that some countries such as the United States may diverge from the following ICAO standards.
- The first line contains NOTAM identification (series, sequence number, and year of issue), the type of operation (NEW, REPLACE, or CANCEL), as well as a reference to a previously-issued NOTAM (for NOTAMR and NOTAMC only).
- The "Q" line holds (basic-remove) information about who the NOTAM affects along with a basic NOTAM description. This line can be encoded/decoded from tables defined by ICAO. This allows NOTAMs to be displayed electronically
- The "A" line is the ICAO code of the affected aerodrome or FIR for the NOTAM. The area of influence of the NOTAM can be several hundreds of kilometres away from the originating aerodrome.
- The "B" line contains the start time and date, the "C" line the finish time and date of the NOTAM. The date is in the format YY/MM/DD and the times are given in Universal Co-ordinated Time; also known as GMT or Zulu time.
- Sometimes a "D" line may be present. This gives a miscellaneous diurnal time for the NOTAM if the hours of effect are less than 24 hours a day, e.g., parachute dropping exercises tend to occur for short periods of a few hours during the day, but may be repeated over many days.
- The "E" line is the full NOTAM description. It is in English but heavily abbreviated. These abbreviations can be encoded/decoded by tables defined by ICAO.
- When present, "F" and "G" lines detail the height restrictions of the NOTAM. Typically SFC means surface height or ground level and UNL is unlimited height. Other heights are given in feet or flight level or a combination of the two.
This is a typical NOTAM for London Heathrow airport:
- A1234/06 NOTAMR A1212/06
- E)DUE WIP TWY B SOUTH CLSD BTN 'F' AND 'R'. TWY 'R' CLSD BTN 'A' AND 'B' AND DIVERTED VIA NEW GREEN CL AND BLUE EDGE LGT. CTN ADZ
This decodes into the following:
- SERIES and NUMBER : A1234 issued in 2006
- NATURE OF THE NOTAM : Replacing NOTAM 1212 issued in 2006
- FIR: EGTT (LONDON FIR)
- SUBJECT: Taxiway (MX)
- CONDITION: Closed (LC)
- TRAFFIC: NOTAM issued for IFR (I) flights and VFR flights (V)
- PURPOSE: NOTAM selected for immediate attention of flight crew members (N)
- PURPOSE: NOTAM selected for PIB entry (B)
- PURPOSE: NOTAM concerning flight operations (O)
- SCOPE: Aerodrome
- GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION : 51°29' N 000° 28' W
- OPERATIONAL RADIUS OF THE NOTAM : 5 NM
- AERODROME : London Heathrow (EGLL)
- FROM: 05:00 UTC 5 September 2006
- UNTIL:05:00 UTC 30 April 2007
- CATEGORY: Aerodromes, Air Routes, and Ground Aids
- DESCRIPTION: Due to work in progress, taxiway "B South" is closed between "F" and "R". Taxiway "R" is closed between "A" and "B" and is diverted via a new green centre line and blue edge lighting. Caution advised.
U.S. domestic NOTAMs
In United States, NOTAMs are classified by the FAA into five categories:
- NOTAM (D) or distant NOTAMs
- A NOTAM (D) information is disseminated for all navigational facilities that are part of the National Airspace System (NAS), all public use airports, seaplane bases, and heliports listed in the Airport/Facility Directory (A/FD) (e.g., such information as whether or not an airport or a certain facility is usable). NOTAM (D) information includes, among other topics, such data as taxiway closures, personnel and equipment near or crossing runways, and airport lighting aids that do not affect instrument approach criteria, such as VASI.
- Flight Data Center (FDC) NOTAMs
- The National Flight Data Center will issue these NOTAMs when it becomes necessary to disseminate information that is regulatory in nature, and they contain such things as amendments to published IAPs and other current aeronautical charts. They are also used to advertise temporary flight restrictions caused by such things as natural disasters or large-scale public events that may generate congestion of air traffic over a site.
- Pointer NOTAMs
- NOTAMs issued by a flight service station to highlight or point out another NOTAM, such as an FDC or NOTAM (D) NOTAM. This type of NOTAM will assist users in cross-referencing important information that may not be found under an airport or NAVAID identifier.
- Special use airspace (SUA) NOTAMs
- SUA NOTAMs are issued when SUA will be active outside the published schedule times and when required by the published schedule.
- Military NOTAMs
- NOTAMs pertaining to U.S. Air Force, Army, Marine, and Navy navigational aids/airports that are part of the NAS.
External links


text:
The 8th International Conference on Services Computing (SCC 2011)
Washington DC, USA
Discovering Linkage Patterns among Web Services using Business Process Knowledge
Abstract. "Discovering relations among web services has been a fruitful research topic in services computing. Such relations are useful for service discovery, selection, composition, etc. The much information about web services is available, the better/more relations can be discovered. Based on the technical information provided in WSDL files, simple relations can be discovered. Finding more comprehensive relations requires additional information, such as semantic descriptions, information about service consumers, or service compositions. Rich semantic service descriptions are not so common in practice. Experiments have shown that similar users do not necessarily use the same web services. Using service compositions gives good results, however, researchers assume that they have access to such compositions, which is not the typical case in practice. Additionally, using service compositions is not sufficient to determine types and strengths of such relations. In this work, we propose a novel approach to discover relations among web services in the form of linkage patterns based on the configurations of business processes that use them. We specify types and weights of the discovered linkage patterns based on control flow patterns in business processes. We have implemented this approach using Oryx, a process modeling tool and repository, and Depot, a service registry, and validated it through real-world examples, as we show in this paper."


text:
Taking It Home, Session 12: Humor (Sandpaper)
In "Toolbox of Faith," a Tapestry of Faith program
IN TODAY'S SESSION...
Today's Toolbox of Faith topic is humor and the Tool of the Day is sandpaper. The sandpaper symbolizes humor, a tool which smoothes the rough edges of life. In this session, participants engaged in and reflected on humor and laughter, and examined their place in helping us survive and enjoy the life we are given. We emphasized that humor can be an affirmation of life and a source of inner spiritual strength that helps us connect to others and look honestly at ourselves.
We explored humor to illustrate that:
- Unitarian Universalism is a faith that will help you be affirmed in life and connected to all beings through laughter
- Unitarian Universalism values respect for the interdependent web of all existence of which we are a part (seventh Principle)
- Unitarian Universalism affirms the direct experience of that transcending mystery and wonder, affirmed in all cultures, which moves us to a renewal of the spirit and an openness to the forces which create and uphold life. (first Source).
The children examined the difference between humor that is cruel — such as jokes based on stereotypes — and humor that opens us up to healing laughter. We emphasized that humor can heal when we laugh with others, and can harm when we laugh at others.
EXPLORE THE TOPIC TOGETHER. Talk about...
Can you think of times when you have encountered humor as an affirmation of life, or to teach or learn a lesson? Can you share an example? Have you experienced humor that is cruel? What happened?
What do you think about humor as a religious tool? Have you ever experienced humor in this way?
EXTEND THE TOPIC TOGETHER. Try...
Share laughter and humor in as many ways as you can together, by playing silly games, making faces, reading humorous stories out loud, and enjoying humorous family anecdotes. If you notice a moment when you are using humor to soften some pain in life — even a small hurt or disappointment — point this out to your child.
Find out if there is a Laughter Club in your area and join in for a session. For information and a directory of local Laughter Clubs, visit the Dr. Kataria School of Laughter Yoga website. On the website, find some laughter exercises.
Go together to the Scholastic Books website and use Dav Pilkey's Name Change-O-Chart to make silly names for each person in your family. Your family might enjoy reading together Captain Underpants and the Perilous Plot of Professor Poopypants by Dav Pilkey (Scholastic/Blue Sky Press, 2000) or others in the Captain Underpants series.
A FAMILY RITUAL
For a week, invite each family member to share a "joke of the day" at breakfast or at dinner.
This work is made possible by the generosity of individual donors and congregations. Please consider making a donation today.
Last updated on Friday, June 22, 2012.
- About the Authors
- Session 1
- Session 2
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- Session 11
- Session 12
- Session 13
- Session 14
- Session 15
- Session 16
- List of Stories
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- List of Leader Resources


What you need to know about the Land Owner Transparency Act
28 August 2019
This article was co-authored by James Stewart, an articling student in Gowling WLG's Vancouver office.
The Land Owner Transparency Act (British Columbia) ("LOTA" or the "Act") received royal assent on May 16, 2019 and will be in force once regulations are passed. LOTA is part of the government's efforts to bring enhanced visibility on the ownership of land in British Columbia. Once the Act is operational, individuals and entities who directly or indirectly hold beneficial interests in British Columbia land will be required to disclose specific information such as place of residence, SIN number, tax residency, etc. The disclosure requirements will apply to all parties who fundamentally own and control land including corporations, partnerships and trusts. A portion of the information collected will be made available and publically searchable by way of registry administered by the Province's Land Title and Survey Authority ("LTSA").
Who will be affected?
LOTA's disclosure requirements are wide-reaching. With certain exceptions, LOTA will affect anyone who currently holds or may acquire an interest in land in British Columbia (including any leased land where the term of the lease is more than 10 years). Reporting bodies and interest holders are obligated to comply with LOTA.
 1. Reporting Bodies
A reporting body is defined under LOTA as a relevant corporation, a trustee of a relevant trust or a partner of a relevant partnership. Such reporting bodies are required to file transparency declarations and/or transparency reports. There are three main types of reporting bodies, all of which are subject to certain reporting obligations: relevant corporations, relevant trusts and relevant partnerships:
 1. Relevant Corporations – LOTA defines relevant corporations as all corporations and limited liability corporations which have not been expressly excluded.
 2. Relevant Trusts – LOTA applies to all trusts unless they are excluded.
 3. Relevant Partnerships – LOTA captures all types of partnerships including general partnerships, limited partnerships, limited liability partnerships, professional partnerships, foreign partnerships, prescribed partnerships, or a legal relationship, created in another jurisdiction that is similar to any of the above-mentioned types of partnerships.
 1. Interest Holders
LOTA's disclosure obligations extend to individuals who are considered interest holders under the Act. Interest holders fall into three broad categories: a i) beneficial owner; ii) corporate interest holder; or iii) partnership interest holder:
 1. A Beneficial Owner – An individual is a beneficial owner if the individual:
 1. has a beneficial interest in land other than an interest that is contingent on the death of another individual; or
 2. has the power to revoke the relevant trust and receive the interest in land; or
 3. is a corporate interest holder (described below) in respect of a relevant corporation and the relevant corporation has a beneficial interest in land or the power to revoke the relevant trust and receive the interest in land.
 2. A Corporate Interest Holder – An individual is a corporate interest holder if the individual:
 1. has a beneficial or registered interest in a significant amount of shares of a corporation (defined as 10% or more of outstanding shares or 10% or more of the voting rights in a corporation); or
 2. has the rights or ability to directly or indirectly appoint the majority of the board of directors in a corporation or has the ability to significantly control an individual with the rights or ability to appoint or remove a majority of directors; or
 3. through jointly held interests, rights or abilities, meets the criteria set out in (a) or (b), in such case, all such individuals are considered cooperate interest holders.
 3. A Partnership Interest Holder – An individual is a partnership interest holder if the individual:
 1. is a partner in a relevant partnership; or
 2. is a corporate interest holder in a relevant corporation which is a partner in a relevant partnership
However, if the individual is a partner in a relevant partnership but does not have any interest, ability or rights in respect to an interest in land, then the individual will not be a partnership interest holder for the purposes of the Act.
What actions are required?
Three main situations trigger a reporting body's obligation to file under LOTA: i) the registration of a new interest in land at a land title office ("LTO"); ii) pre-existing interests in land; and iii) changes in interest holdings in land. When registering a new interest in land, the transferee must file a transparency declaration to disclose whether or not the transferee is a reporting body, and if so, which type of reporting body. The transferee is considered a reporting body it is also required to file a transparency report to disclose information about the reporting body itself and all relevant interest holders. If immediately before the coming into force of section 15 of LOTA, a relevant corporation, a trustee of a relevant trust, or a partner of a relevant partnership is a registered owner of land, then such corporation, trustee or partner must file a transparency report within a limited time period to be set by the LOTA regulations. If an entity becomes a reporting body or discovers a prior filing is inaccurate due to a change in the interest holder, the reporting body must file a transparency report within two months of the entity becoming a report body or being aware of the inaccurate information.
What information must be disclosed?
The following information must be disclosed in a transparency report by reporting bodies and interest holders:
 1. Interest Holders – Reporting bodies must report the following information regarding each of their interest holders: primary identification information (full name, citizenship status, location of principal residence, etc.), last known address; SIN number; tax number (if applicable); residency status for tax purposes; and a description of how they are an interest holder.
 2. Relevant Corporations – Relevant corporations must disclose the information described in (a) for all of its interest holders; the relevant corporation's business number, if any, within the meaning of the Income Tax Act (Canada); the incorporation, continuation, amalgamation or other identifying numbers given to the corporation by the jurisdiction in which they were incorporated; and the parcel identifier assigned to the land to which the transparency report relates.
 3. Relevant Trusts – The reporting body must disclose the information required in paragraph (a) above for each of the settlors of the relevant trust as well as the parcel identifier assigned to the land to which the report relates. In addition, the reference number of any relevant trust instruments must be disclosed.
 4. Relevant Partnerships – The relevant partnerships must disclose the partnership's primary identification information; business number under the Income Tax Act (Canada); and the identifying number, if any, issued to the partnership by the jurisdiction in which it was formed.
What information will be available on the public registry?
In an effort to enhance transparency, a searchable registry database will be make available to the public. The registry database will be maintained by the LTSA and will disclosed primary identification information in respect of interest holders and reporting bodies. There will also be a 90-day window before information is made public to allow for an application under LOTA to keep the primary identification information confidential in certain cases.
What inspections and demands for information can be made under the act?
Under LOTA, enforcement officers are permitted to carry out investigations to ensure compliance with the legislation. The enforcement officers are granted the power to: inspect records and other material or property that may relevant to the investigation; obtain personal information; remove records or other property for the purposes of conducting the investigation; and make copies or extracts of records.
There is a duty under LOTA to cooperate with the investigation, however, LOTA does not extend the powers of the officers to search the records of a lawyer if the lawyer claims such records are protected by solicitor-client privilege.
What are the penalties for non-compliance?
Non-compliance with LOTA can have significant consequences. If a party improperly submits or fails to submit the appropriate documents, the LTO has the authority to refuse registration of an interest in land. Apart from the refusal to register the land, direct contraventions of LOTA can result in administrative penalties.
Related Real Estate


- My NEB
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 - FAQ: What is the difference between NEB _TAG_ and NEB _TAG_?
 They are the same cells with the same efficiency but provided in different formats. C3010H is packaged with 20 single-use transformation tubes, each containing 50 μl of competent cells. Plasmid or ligation product can be added directly into the transformation tubes for convenience. C3010I is packaged with 6 tubes, each containing 200 μl of competent cells. The tubes should be thawed on ice and 50 μl of cells transferred into new tubes prior to transformation. Each tube contains enough cells for 4 transformations with the benefit of reducing the cost of each transformation. If you perform 3 or 4 transformations at a time, using C3010I is cost effective. Refreezing the competent cells after thawing is not recommended since it will significantly reduce transformation efficiencies.


text: [en] In the present paper, three solutions are proposed to simulate fast phenomena with finite element method at best. At first, material constitutive laws of Johnson-Cook and Zerilli-Armstrong types are implemented. These well-known laws are efficient for the description of material behavior at high velocities, especially for material used in automotive or aeronautics industry. The second contribution of this paper is the coupling of an implicit Chung-Hulbert algorithm taking into account the inertial effects with a staggered scheme for solving the thermal problem. The last input of this paper is the use of EAS (Enhanced Assumed Strain) finite elements to better capture complex strain modes, especially bending that is not accurately evaluated with classical finite elements. These EAS finite elements are used in the scope of thermomechanical dynamic phenomena implemented in a modular C++ environment at the University of Liege in the home made software METAFOR.


text:
If a healthy mind and body can be associated with minimising fear, hence reducing insecurity, increasing confidence and so on – then why does a combination of health AND safety in policy documents and organisational habits actually cause the opposite – ie encouraging tendendencies to be risk averse, to be fearful and anxious – and hence feel less secure, less confident?
Being healthy is not the same as being safe. "Health and Safety" as a policy mantra has the makings of a phrase which has a capacity for its own inbuilt contradiction and self destruction. It's a fallacious concept behind which many human resource managers cower and attempt to frighten their resources into behaving and moving in particular ways. They would be clearer in their intentions if they were to relable their policies as "health and risk" or "fearfulness and safety" or "health and insecurity".
Being risk-tolerant (and attractive even) is possibly one of the key features that makes us healthy, alive individuals instead of cowered, withdrawn amoebae.


text: Southern New Castle County has a land area of 190 square miles in north-central Delaware. It is predominantly a rural area with a population of about 9,000 people who are engaged chiefly in agriculture. By and large, the residents are dependent upon ground water as a source of potable water. This investigation was made to provide knowledge of the availability and quality of the ground-water supply to aid future development. The climate, surface features, and geology of the area are favorable for the occurrence of ground water. Temperatures are generally mild and precipitation is normally abundant and fairly evenly distributed throughout the year. The topography of the area is relatively flat and, hence, the streams have low gradients. The surface is underlain to a considerable depth by highly permeable unconsolidated sediments that range in age from Early Cretaceous to Recent.


Search by mask or keyword:
There - Yonder
Word by letter:
 - There - Letter on T
 - 1 - st. word T
 - 2 - st. word H
 - 3 - st. word E
 - 4 - st. word R
 - 5 - st. word E
All questions by word:
There - Yonder There - *'it'll be o.k.' There - 'ta-da!' There - 'voila!' There -'so ___!' There - Start of many limericks There - Expression of sympathy, when doubled There - "all done!" There - Consoling word There - At that place There - Limerick starter There - See 49-across There - Repeated, words of consolation There - Word with fore or after There - "over ---" There - "it's done!" There - Word said before you go? There - "voila!" There - '___ you are!' There - When repeated, a comforting word There - When repeated, a comforting phrase There - Over yonder There - 'all done!' There - When repeated, it forms a comforting phrase There - Limerick starter, often There - 'i finally finished!' There - "___ goes my baby" (drifters hit) There - Word repeated a consoler There - When repeated, a calming expression There - Cry of accomplishment There - "what'd i tell you!" There - "over __": cohan war song There - Away from the speaker There - Half a comforting phrase There - Neither here nor __ There - Fore or after attachment There - Consoling word, when said twice There - That way There - "don't even go __!" There - Limerick start, often There - In that place There - "that'll do it!" There - It's often heard with a point There - "finished at last!" There - Used twice, it forms a sympathy phrase There - Pointed-out direction There - "voil!" There - Half of a soothing phrase There - Word of solace There - "so ___!" There - Where those are There - Consoling word, when repeated There - "over ___" There - When doubled, comforting words There - Pointer's declaration There - When doubled, a phrase of solace There - Soothing word There - Word with "so" or "hi" There - Where you had to be? There - "finished!" There - That point There - "so __!" There - Comforting phrase, when repeated There - 'done!' There - Here's opposite There - "where?" answer There - "are we __ yet?" There - "done at last!" There - When repeated, consoling expression There - "take that!" There - "it's finished!" There - When repeated, comforting words There - "you can't get __ from here" There - "___ once was a man from..." There - "done" There - "take it!" There - Neither here nor ___ There - "ta-da!" There - Opposite of 67 down There - Pointer's word There - Frequent limerick starter There - Out yonder There - Finger-pointer's shout There - Shout from a pointer There - On that spot There - 'finished at last!' There - First word of many limericks There - At that point There - In that spot There - All -- (sane) There - Just because it needs four more, by the sound of it, at that point There - For comfort this may come at the double There - That's the place to look into for 15 across There - This one might be three in place of it There - If fore follows it follows There - At that point one might find three such There - You must be all like this to solve this one There - This might come at the double to give one comfort There - That's the place for 3 There - If, by the sound of it, four were to follow, then it follows at that point There - That sounds as if it needs four more for three dots There - Double this for comfort There - Yonder is the girl inside There - The about in place There - It follows if fore follows There - That's the place for the end of 10 across There - Would place this at the double for consolation There - Is t to be found at this - or that - point? There - This might bring one some comfort at the double, so placed There - This comes to the fore when it follows There - "and ___ you have it!" There - This upon at that point There - At that point it takes three to make it There - Is that the place for the about turn? There - It may be reassuring for this to come at the double There - In that location There - Oft-repeated word of consolation There - "halt! who goes ___?" There - At this point, t is not at this point There - After that place a son might tell you why (5) There - This about's the approximate place There - That's the place for the girl to be in There - That's herself in that place There - The trio gets confused at this point There - Yonder it's over this There - This fore follows There - After this before because There - 'i'm done!' There - Word said while pointing There - 'i finished it!' There - First word of a limerick There - 'i think that does it!' There - "voilг!" There - Reassurance expressed; but not here There - Not here? no, no! There - Present There - Exclamation of triumph or sympathy There - Not here There - Way over yonder There - "all done" There - When repeated, 'everything will be ok' There - See 95-across There - See 2-down There - Starts limerick repeatedly to sooth baby There - "at last!" There - When repeated, comforting word There - 'done, o.k.?!' There - "i've finished" There - 'voil!' There - Consoling word that bears repeating? There - "done!" There - A word of comfort from another place There - Word repeated when consoling someone There - When repeated, consoling words There - In position There - When repeated, soothing words There - In that direction There - Ether (anag) There - "don't even go ___!" There - '-- it is!' There - Nick leaves thickener - now! There - Thither There - Triumphant exclamation as you crushed resistance There - Jason loewenstein and lou barlow's band There - Vince clarke and alison moyet, the way theywere There - In that respect, please feel reassured! There - Repeatedly soothing word? not at this point There - It's said to comfort the monarch when upset There - It's said to convey sympathy on that issue There - Present comforting word There - A comforting word, if repeated at that point There - On the spot it may be said to be comforting There - You must accept vicar's last word of consolation There - Santa's fourth present arrived There - It's right to probe you on that issue There - Time: present. place: as indicated There - You must shelter leader of resistance - voila! There - It's repeatedly said to comfort one in that position There - Article on school subject that offers reassurance There - At that point, gathered's gathered There - Time short in this world? here's a word of sympathy (5) {5,1} There - In that place its three fold There - In the past he received many a present There - I told you so! you must get right inside There - 13 exchanging money for king's word of approval There - A word of comfort in further education? There - At that point, it's repeatedly said to provide comfort There - Beginning and end of a famous gertrude stein quote There - Word of comfort in that place There - Pointing remark There - A word of comfort leaving artist her easel There - When repeated, a comforting comment There - Consolingly, repeat this: i've done it! There - "who's ___?" There - 'finished!' There - 'that's the spot!' There - Pointer's cry There - "been __, done that" There - See 39-across There - That's the place to take a line off the record There - Repeated, words of soothing There - '___ will be blood' (2007 daniel day-lewis film) There - The jackson 5's 'i'll be ___' There - Present given after the end of august as expression of sympathy There - Start of many a limerick There - Shout made while pointing There - 'all done' There - 'that's the place!' There - The la's "___ she goes" There - Jackson 5 "i'll be ___" There - The sappers told you so! There - 'what'd i tell you!' There - '___ goes the neighborhood' There - 'that did the trick!' There - Remark made with a point? There - Word for pointers There - Starter of limericks There - Pointed remark? There - Common limerick starter There - '__ you go again!' There - "__ you go again!" There - No, no, not here! There - "i did it!" There - Part 1 of today's quote There - "... our flag was still ___" There - Consolation beginning and ending There - "where i'm pointing"


text:
Laboratory Techniques and AnalysisBy
- Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff, United States Agency for International Development
This volume provides an overview of polymer characterization test methods. The methods and instrumentation described represent modern analytical techniques useful to researchers, product development specialists, and quality control experts in polymer synthesis and manufacturing. Engineers, polymer scientists and technicians will find this volume useful in selecting approaches and techniques applicable to characterizing molecular, compositional, rheological, and thermodynamic properties of elastomers and plastics.
Engineers, researchers and technicians in the plastics industry.
Hardbound, 262 Pages
Published: December 1996
Imprint: William Andrew
- 1. Chromatographic Techniques Chromatography for Analytical Analyses Gas Chromatography Liquid Chromatography GPC/DRI Gel Permeation Chromatography GPC/DRI/LALLS GPC/DRI/VIS GPC/DRI/UV GPC/DRI/FTIR2. Thermal Analysis General Principles of Operation Thermal Analysis of Polymers3. Microscopy for Polymer Characterization General Information Non-Routine Techniques4. Elemental and Structural Characterization Tests Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy Ion Chromatography (IC) Ion Selective Electrodes (ISE) Mass Spectrometry (MS and GC/MS) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Ultraviolet, Visible, and Infrared Spectrometry (UV, Vis, IR) X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Potentiometric Titrations Neutron Activation Analysis5. Rheometry Rheometrics System IV Capillary Rheometry Torque Rheometry6. Chemical Analysis of Polymers Comminution, Separation, and Identification Stabilizer Identification Polymer Identification Appendix A: Abbreviations of Polymers Appendix B: Glossary of Polymers and Testing Appendix C: Professional and Testing Organizations American National Standards Institute (ANSI) American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) National Bureau of Standards (NBS) National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) Plastics Technical Evaluation Center (Plastec) Society of Plastics Engineers (SPE) Society of Plastics Industry (SPI) Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Appendix D: Glossary of Engineering and Materials Terms Index


text:
The Çukurova University Botanical Garden, Turkey
Volume 3 Number 5 - December 2000
Prof. Dr. Erdogan Gültekin
The first attempt to set up a botanic garden in Turkey was in about 1949 with the establishment of an Arboretum in Bahçeköy near Istanbul with the support of the University of Istanbul Faculty of Forestry. In spite of the rich biodiversity and high number of species both in flora and fauna in Turkey, the number of botanical gardens are quite few.
Early initiatives for a botanical garden at Çukurova University took place in 1972.. Some activities such as corresponding with some foreign countries were carried out by the Department of Landscape Architecture between _PHONE_. After collecting a variety of plant seeds from different countries and also from the mainland, some successful results were obtained with some outdoor plants such as Bauhinia variegata, Parkinsonia aculeata, Duranta repens and Cassia tomentosa which gave impetus for the development of a botanic garden.
In 1994 an evaluation and advisory committee with 12 members was formed to develop new strategies and policies which met twice a year. At the same time a planning and project team with 6 members mainly from the Department of Landscape Architecture was organized and a Master Plan was drawn in accordance with natural, edaphic and climatic conditions and the needs and interest of the public.
The botanic garden is located in south-eastern Turkey. The Çukurova area is 20 meters above sea level and only 40 kilometers to the north of the Mediterranean Sea; it is surrounded by the chain of Taurus Mountains which reach up to 300 meters. The Garden has a total area of 200 acres. The most spectacular part of the Botanic Garden is the Maquis (Macchia) and the Native Plant Garden.
Maquis (Macchia) and Native Plant Garden
With an area of 100 acres, this garden consist of native plants that unique to region. The garden is situated in a wide valley from the south to the north west part of the botanic garden. Some woody maquis elements are listed below:
The nursery of the botanic garden covers nearly 5 acres of which 150 m² is reserved for offices, laboratory and library. An area of 2 acres is added to the main site for maintenance work, with watering facilities. A small green house and screen house are being established in the nursery.
Projects have been started in parts of the garden, woody plants (trees and bushes) have been sown for research and collections have been planned for the coming period.
A work programme on the implications and practical work relating to plantation and dendrology lessons for the students from the Department of Landscape Architecture have been scheduled.
The Darwin Technical Manual
Everything you could want to know about starting and running a botanic garden is contained in this unique resource. Written in collaboration with 87 people from 22 countries, it is available in French, Spanish and English. New BGCI Members are given the Manual along with lots of other key resources.


text:
One of the key things that differentiates human beings from other animals is that human beings have passion. Apart from the regular work that a man does, he also does work that he is passionate about. Some are interested in collecting stamps or antiques, some are passionate about charitable works. Again some people are passionate about growing plants – they love gardening or farming. However, gardening or farming comes with its own set of challenges. One such challenge is to keep the soil suitable for farming when the farming season comes. Fortunately, a very simple tool exists that helps in fertilizing the soil. Read on to know more.
Traditionally, people used to till the soil before planting crops. However, today people are starting to realize that tilling actually lowers the quality of the soil. So what can be an alternate way to work the soil? Enter : Andre Grelinin. This man developed a tool that can be used to aerate the soil without harming it. The tool is known as grelinette. It's popular name is broadfork. Today this tool is hugely popular among the farming community and can be easily bought from online stores like _URL_.
Speciality of Grelinette
Unlike tiller, a broadfork or grelinette does not mix the topsoil and subsoil while aerating. How is that possible? To understand that, one has to first know what a grelinette looks like. A grelinette has a horizontal bar with several tines. The bar has a handle on either side of it. To aerate the soil with the tool, one has to drive the pointy spikes of it into the soil and then he has to pull the handles downward. This makes airy channels inside the soil. And since it only loosens up the soil, there is no fear of mixing the topsoil and subsoil. A broadfork spares the worms residing underneath the topsoil from displacement. These worms help in fertilizing the soil and displacing them harms the soil.
Types of Grelinette
There are many types of grelinette or broadforks. One has to examine his needs first and then buy it. If you visit sites like _URL_, you can see the various types of grelinettes being sold there. Each of them has unique qualities. Some of these grelinettes are listed below –
- Silverline 229673 Handmade garden cultivator – This is a four pronged grelinette with wich you can not only aerate the soil but can also turn it. Head L x W: 140 x 90mm.
- Spear & Jackson 81210 Rotating fork – Some say that a grelinette is useless in soils where there is clay. But with this, you can easily break clods.
- GC 820-06 Garden Claw – This can be used on a smaller scale. The handles are designed ergonomically.
- Spear & Jackson 81216 Biofurche 4 TeethThis 4 pronged grelinette is helpful in working the soil without giving you any back pain or body aches.
Grelinette is a versatile tool that can be used in any soil condition. You will be surprised to know that such a useful tool does not cost a fortune. Visit the above mentioned website to get grelinette without burning a hole in your pocket.