text:
- It is not possible to clone Lonesome George now, but other endangered animals have been successfully cloned.
- In the future, cloning and further studying Lonesome George might be possible, so scientists are focusing on preserving his tissues now.
- Biobanks known as "frozen zoos" hold tissues and other remains of certain endangered animals.
The recent death of Lonesome George, the famed Galapagos tortoise believed to be the last representative of his subspecies, has many experts wondering how we should try to save other endangered and at-risk animals.
Cloning is one option. While cloning methods for reptiles are not as advanced as those for mammals, scientists also say they face other incredible obstacles.
"At the most, I could envision one male turtle of this subspecies cloned in future or maybe two males, but where are you going to get a female?" asked Martha Gomez, a senior scientist with the Audubon Nature Institute, which has one of the world's few "frozen zoos."
Frozen Zoos stockpile biological materials from a wide variety of rare and critically endangered species. The biological material is usually composed of gametes (sperm and egg cells), embryos, tissue samples, serum and other items. Together, they represent a bank vault of irreplaceable genetic information that can be preserved for possibly hundreds of years or more. In most cases, the materials are stored in holding tanks filled with liquid nitrogen.
Oliver Ryder, director of genetics at the San Diego Zoo, spoke to Discovery News as his team was racing to the Galapagos Islands to help preserve the tissues of Lonesome George. The San Diego Zoo operates one of the other few frozen zoos.
"This is an extremely urgent matter," Ryder said. "We had planned to meet in the Galapagos in two weeks to discuss preservation of the tortoises there. It is a bitter irony that Lonesome George died before we could even finish setting up the plans. It underscores the importance of preserving such animals."
"We are facing some logistical problems now, but we don't want to look back with 'what if's,'" he added. "This may be the only chance we'll have to preserve, document and study this tortoise subspecies."
Ryder believes discussions of cloning Lonesome George are premature at this point. Before that takes place, he thinks more must be learned about this particular tortoise's physiology and reproduction. Studying Lonesome George's remains may also help to reveal how tortoises often live to advanced ages, information that could one day lead to breakthroughs in extending human lifespans.
For cloning, researchers are focusing more on "species where we have detailed knowledge of their reproductive biology," Ryder said. That is one reason why cats, dogs and mice were among the first animals to be cloned. Scientists are now working to clone endangered relatives of such animals, in hopes of releasing those individuals into the wild to strengthen natural populations.
Earlier this year, Gomez and her colleagues successfully cloned endangered black-footed cats. An endangered wild ox, called a gaur, and a banteng (wild cattle) have also been successfully cloned. Work is underway to clone and otherwise increase the population of Sumatran rhinos, which presently number only about 200-300 in the wild.
While one healthy clone is an interesting novelty, clones must also be able to reproduce in order to be fully successful. Gomez said that kittens of cloned wild cat parents have died "due to problems with nuclear programing," but some normal kittens have resulted and continue to thrive.
Both she and Ryder say that there is no international policy calling for cloning and preservation of highly endangered species. Instead, isolated facilities and the work of dedicated individuals are responsible for the successes.
"The effort needs to be more widespread and organized," Gomez said.
Through published papers and talks, Ryder and his colleagues have repeatedly called for an organized global effort. It would need an "overarching international body" on par with UNESCO, he believes.
"The first step is saving tissue samples, as we're in the process of doing for Lonesome George," he said. "But we who are among the forefront would like to train others to establish frozen zoo biobanks in other countries."
"I am confident that one day such an international structure will come together, bringing in other conservation work, such as preserving habitat," Ryder concluded. "It's poignant to lose a subspecies like that of Lonesome George. People in the future will be looking back at us, wondering why we didn't act sooner."


Ice and Salt Preschool STEAM Activity
It's easy for kids to have fun with winter STEAM in this simple ice and salt activity. Kids can compete in ice cube races, observe changes in ice cubes as they melt, and discover how salt affects ice.
Salt and ice cubes experiment for kids
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Ice cubes are fun to use in a science activity to promote critical thinking and observation.
In this activity, kids will have an opportunity to make changes throughout the experiment to see how various factors affect the movement of the ice cubes.
STEAM = science+technology+engineering+art+math
Kids are engaging STEAM principles as they set design and set up the experiment (engineering), choose ice cubes of the same size (math), and observe how ice freezes and melts (science)!
Ice and salt experiment
Moving ice with a fan in a kids STEAM activity
1. Set up the activity
Set up the activity with a fan, a smooth surface, and ice cubes. You might go through some trial and error, as we did, in order to get results kids can easily observe and identify.
Here are some examples of our tests:
In our first attempt, we placed the ice cubes directly on the counter top.
For our second attempt, we placed the ice cubes on a glass cutting board (turned upside down as the underside is smooth).
We also tried various fans - a small table fan, a slightly larger 12 in. (30 cm) table model, and a floor model. The 12 in. (30 cm) sized fan is shown in the picture. It proved the best for moving the ice cubes.
2. Conduct experiments
Ice Races
Ice races science activity for kids
Place two ice cubes in front of the fan. Turn on the fan.
Ice and fan experiment kids science activity
See if one ice cube races ahead of the other!
Ice and Salt Friction
Ice with salt and fan STEAM experiment for kids
Place a row of salt in the path of one ice cube.
Observe the movement of the ice cube with salt and fan
The salt halts the progress of the ice cube!
 More science activities on our STEM to STEAM Pinterest board!
3. Observe results
 - We noticed that ice cubes melted faster in the path of the fan than ice cubes off to the side.
 - Salt inhibited the movement of the ice cube.
 - Ice cubes would slow or stop and then proceed after melting a bit, as if they moved on a cushion of water.
 Science for kids with salt and ice cubes
4. Make conclusions
Factors affecting the movement of the ice include:
 - type of surface where the ice cubes are placed
 - size of fan and strength of air flow
 - salt sprinkled in the path of the ice cube
 - ice melting during the experiment
This is an open-ended activity that encourages input and response from kids. As they play and learn kids benefit from exploring the challenges presented in this activity, and from the fine motor and sensory experiences it provides.
Simple STEAM activities are not only fun for kids but promote observation and discovery.
Kids STEAM activities
 (aff.)STEAM Kids 50+ Activities for Kids
Preschool Lesson Plans Winter Unit
Preschool lesson plan winter thematic unit
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Polar coordinatesThe representation of a complex number as a sum of a real and imaginary number, z = x + iy, is called its Cartesian representation.
Recall from trigonometry that if x, y, r are real numbers and r 2 = x 2 + y 2, then there is a unique number θ with 0 ≤ θ < 2π such that
sin(θ) = y / r.
That number is
|θ||=||cos -1(x / r),|
|=||sin -1(y / r)|
|=||tan -1(y / x)|
We can therefore express any complex number z = x + iy as
|z||=||| z | (x / | z | + iy / | z |)|
|=||| z | (cos θ + i sin θ)|
|=||| z | e iθ,|
where θ = tan -1(y / x). The angle or argument θ is measured in radians, and it is written as arg(z). So we have the polar representation of any complex number z as
The two representations are related by
The values x and y are called the Cartesian coordinates of z, while r and θ are its polar coordinates. Note that r is real and r 3 0.
Note that for any integer K,
This is because
Thus, the polar coordinates (r, θ) and (r, θ + 2Kπ) for any integer K represent the same complex number. Thus, the polar representation is not unique; by convention, a unique polar representation can be obtained by requiring that the angle given by a value of θ satisfying 0 ≤ θ < 2π or -π < θ ≤ π.
|The polar representation of the number 1 is 1 = 1 e i0. Notice that it is also true that 1 = 1 e i2π, because the sine and cosine are periodic with period 2π. The polar representation of the number -1 is -1 = 1 e iπ. Again, it is true that -1 = 1 e i3π, or, in fact, -1 = 1 e iπ + K2π for any integer K.|
ProductsProducts of complex numbers represented in polar coordinates are easy to compute. If zi = ri e iθi, then
Thus, the magnitude of a product is a product of magnitudes, and the angle of a product is the sum of the angles,
arg(z1 z2 ) = arg(z1 ) + arg(z2 )
We can use the polar representation to find the n distinct roots of the
equation z n = 1. Write z = re
iθ, and 1 = e
which gives r = 1 and θ = 2kπ / n, k = 0, 1,..., n - 1. These are called the n roots of unity.
Figure: The 5 roots of unity.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The Hard Reset / Factory Reset operation can fix many software related errors and problems:
- After installing bad or unsupported application into your Samsung mobile phone which causes your phone to be frozen.
- Your Samsung mobile phone doesn't respond to any order after booting because of some software errors.
- Forgotten pattern lock in Samsung Android mobile phones.
- Forgotten user code.
- Forgotten phone code.
- Before or after installing new firmware updates into your device.
- Before selling the device to Wipe all your saved data.
Before performing the Hard Reset:
- In case your Samsung mobile phone can connect to a computer then it is better to make a backup of your saved data using Samsung kies software.
- But in case that is not possible then you can check that your phone's battery has enough charging, Otherwise you should charge it.
Samsung Galaxy Tab 2 7.0 GT-P3100 and GT-P3110 Hard Reset Steps:
- Turn Off your Samsung Galaxy Tab 2 7.0 device.
- Wait for 10 seconds, Then move to the next step.
- Press and hold Volume Up key + Power key.
- Keep pressing the above keys until the Samsung Logo appears,Then release Power key only.
- When you see Factory reset / System Recovery menu on screen release the Volume Up Key.
- Use Volume Down key to select Wipe Data / Factory Reset option.
- Use Power key to confirm the operation.
- You need to use the Volume Down key again to select "Yes -- delete all user data"
- Use Power key to confirm.
- After performing the hard reset, Select Reboot System Now option, And confirm it using Power key.
- Now the phone will reboots, Wait for it to be fully on and then you can start using it.
Notice: The Hard Reset / Factory Reset operation will delete anything that are saved in your phone's internal memory, So make a backup of your data in case you can access them.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Hello everybody. For a purpose of consolidation of some result I am trying to set down, I need to construct an example to sustain the theory and I am looking for symplectic and Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms. So does someone can help me writing some non-trivial explicit examples of symplectic and Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms on compact surface? (at least examples for $S^2$ and $T^2$ ) NB : By surface I mean 2-dimensional manifold. Thanks a lot
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Sorry, what is a symplectic diffeomorphism on a manifold on which you haven't specified a symplectic structure? Do you mean a symplectic diffeomorphism of the cotangent bundle? – Qiaochu Yuan Jul 29 '11 at 15:45
The standard area forms on the torus and $S^2$ are symplectic structures. I assume those would be good for explicit examples. – Elizabeth S. Q. Goodman Jul 30 '11 at 8:24
In fact as long as you endow a symplectic structure, it doesn't matter which one it is because they are all isotopic up to a scaling. For example if you give two symplectic structures $\omega_i$, $i=0,1$ which represent the same cohomology class, which can always be done by scaling, then you just apply standard Moser's trick on $\omega_t=(1-t)\omega_0+t\omega_1$. You can see everything gets through because of the dimension reason. – Weiwei Jul 30 '11 at 17:36
Thanks all for your interest to my question. First of all, sorry for not being precise. So could use on $S^2$ $\sin\varphi d\theta\wedge d\varphi)$ in spherical coordinate or $d\theta\wedge d z$ in cylindrical coordinate. Feel free to consider the one that can be helpful. Besides, for $T^2$, $d\theta\wedge d\varphi$ where $\theta, \varphi \in S^1$ are general angular coordinates. – Tatou Papora Aug 1 '11 at 15:43
3 Answers 3
On an orientable 2-manifold (such as $S^2$ or $T^2$), the symplectic 2-form $\omega$ can be given by the signed area. In this case, symplectic diffeomorphisms are just those which preserve area and orientation.
Now, let's set aside the difference between diffeomorphisms and flows of vector fields (which is a complicated enough issue by itself), and just focus on the difference between symplectic and Hamiltonian vector fields.
A vector field $X$ is Hamiltonian if $ i_X \omega = dH $ for some Hamiltonian function $H$ (where $i_X$ is the contraction by $X$ and $d$ is the exterior derivative). On the other hand, $X$ is symplectic if the Lie derivative $L_X \omega$ vanishes. Applying Cartan's "magic formula" $L_X \omega = di_X \omega + i_X d \omega = d i_X \omega$ (since $\omega$ is closed), this means that $X$ is symplectic when $d i_X \omega = 0$. In summary, $X$ is Hamiltonian when $i_X \omega$ is exact, and symplectic when $i_X \omega$ is closed. The difference between these is given by the 1st de Rham cohomology of the manifold in question.
So, as Weiwei said, "symplectic" and "Hamiltonian" are identical on $S^2$, since $S^2$ is simply connected. On the other hand, they're not the same on $T^2$, since the torus has nontrivial 1st cohomology. Putting coordinates $(\theta,\phi)$ on $T^2$, the vector fields $\partial/\partial \theta$ and $\partial/\partial \phi$ are both symplectic but not Hamiltonian.
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The difference between hamiltonian diffeomorphism and symplectomorphism that is isotopic to the identity is quite small and describe by the flux homomorphism (The breakthrough by Banyaga). So any symplectic isotopy (path to identity in the group of symplectiomorphisms) with zero flux is ended by an Hamiltonian diffeo. Precisely speaking, the isotopy can be made homotopic to hamiltonian isotopy having the same ends. – Tatou Papora Aug 1 '11 at 16:01
For $S^2$ all symplectic diffeomorphisms are hamiltonian, and the symplectomorphism group is homotopy equivalent to $SO(3)$. For other surfaces, I find the papers by Andrew Cotton-Clay helpful, for example _URL_ But of course, if you just want some hands-on non-trivial symplectomorphisms, I think Dehn twists would be interesting enough.
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Sure. More than being homotopy equivalent it deformation retracts to $SO(3)$. One can find the proof in Mu-Tao's paper _URL_-005/2001-008-005-007.pdf. But the interst here is to handle an explicit diffeomorphism like one can write for example $f:\mathbb R\longrightarrow \mathbb R, x\mapsto \frac{x}{x^2+4}\sin(x)$ and whatever. – Tatou Papora Aug 1 '11 at 15:52
Sorry about the confusion. The point I mentioned this homotopy equivalence is to demonstrate that there aren't any specifically interesting Hamiltonians on $S^2$, and all hamiltonian are connected to one another. So unless you have further restrictions, e.g. requiring the symplectomorphism fixing a couple points etc., rigid motions are basically what you need to consider. But maybe you have more specific goals in your mind. – Weiwei Aug 1 '11 at 18:51
Ari's answer is good because you can see how even flowing along a symplectic vector field is not enough, but you could add a nice touch to the picture. Because a Hamiltonian diffeomorphism is exact, a simple closed curve $\gamma$ on a torus is non-displaceable: i.e., under a Hamiltonian flow $\phi^t$ the image $\phi^t(\gamma)$ will intersect $\gamma$, because together the two curves will bound a region of zero signed area. (If you're curious, the concept for this comes from symplectic quasi-states and quasi-measures, which tell you when subsets can be displaced by Hamiltonian flows. I haven't learned much about them.)
On the other hand, again as mentioned, rotation along one of the two angles of the torus is a perfectly good symplectic action that can never be Hamiltonian because it displaces simple closed curves. (I was saddened to hear that because this action is not Hamiltonian, the torus is not a toric manifold.)
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App Description
Become a bird in the sky with a crazy survival game! City life is an opportunity for a bird - choose a bird, start a flying flock of pigeon, crow, gull or sparrow, fight for survival in nature. City Birds Simulator offers flying in the sky as pigeon, crow, gull or sparrow. Choose simulator mode - survival or quests - and become the most resilient bird in the city sky! Bird survival starts now!
Features of City Birds Simulator:
- City nature
- Survival and quests
- Choose a bird: pigeon, crow, gull, sparrow
- Bird breeding
- Realistic bird behavior
Sky gang!
Learn to control your pigeon, gull, sparrow or crow and lead a flying flock. You will meet many challenges - don't face them alone! City nature is dangerous, but you can rely on your flock for survival. Seek your bird kin, start a flock. Survival in the sky is a team effort, especially for a bird. Flying in nature with a wild flock is breathtaking!
City hunter!
Hunt is a way of survival. Some bird species, like crow, pigeon or gull, hunt in the sky, every other bird is a prey. Maintain energy to fly in city sky, fight city nature for survival. The more you hunt, the bigger your flock can be. Survival in the city nature is challenging. Hunt with your sky flock for survival - live the way of a bird of prey!
Flying and survival!
Live the life of pigeon, crow, gull or sparrow - complete bird quests, breed a new sky flock. Every bird has unique quests and ways of survival in the city sky nature. City is a playground for birds, flying in the sky. But survival is no game - a bird can die in the city nature. Flying in the sky and survival strategy - you'll find both!
Flying in the sky is a dream! Try in City Birds Simulator, be a bird and fly in the sky of a big city!
iPhone Screenshots
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City Birds Simulator screenshot 1 City Birds Simulator screenshot 2 City Birds Simulator screenshot 3 City Birds Simulator screenshot 4
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City Birds Simulator screenshot 5 City Birds Simulator screenshot 6 City Birds Simulator screenshot 7 City Birds Simulator screenshot 8
App Changes
 - June 24, 2017 Initial release


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In this paper, we present robust semi-blind (SB) algorithms for the estimation of beamforming vectors for multiple-input multiple-output wireless communication. The transmitted symbol block is assumed to comprise of a known sequence of training (pilot) symbols followed by information bearing blind (unknown) data symbols. Analytical expressions are derived for the robust SB estimators of the MIMO receive and transmit beamforming vectors. These robust SB estimators employ a preliminary estimate obtained from the pilot symbol sequence and leverage the second-order statistical information from the blind data symbols. We employ the theory of Lagrangian duality to derive the robust estimate of the receive beamforming vector by maximizing an inner product, while constraining the channel estimate to lie in a confidence sphere centered at the initial pilot estimate. Two different schemes are then proposed for computing the robust estimate of the MIMO transmit beamforming vector. Simulation results presented in the end illustrate the superior performance of the robust SB estimators.


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Apply the Connection to Complete the Sentence
In this worksheet, students will identify the connection between the first two words so they can select the two words which best complete the sentence.
'Apply the Connection to Complete the Sentence' worksheet
Key stage: KS 2
Curriculum topic: Verbal Reasoning
Curriculum subtopic: Word Connections
Difficulty level:
Worksheet Overview
Greetings word detective!
Can you spot which word from the set of brackets would best finish this sentence??
Oven is to cook as refrigerator is to (store, chill, food).
First, we have to work out how the word oven is connected to the word cook. We cook in an oven, so we need to find a word which is something that we use a refrigerator for.
The correct answer is chill as we chill food in a refrigerator.
Now, let's make it more challenging.
We must pick one word from each set of brackets that can be connected to the word in front of it in the same way.
Let's look at this question:
Rest is to (relax, energy, exercise) as fit is to (exhausted, athletic, training).
First, we need to find a connection between rest and one of the words in brackets. We can connect rest to relax as they have similar meanings. These are called synonyms.
This means we need to find an synonym for fit, which is athletic.
The correct answers are relax and athletic as they are both synonyms of the words that come before them.
Let's try another:
Grape is to (vine, fruit, sweet) as raspberry is to (tree, bush, red).
First, we need to find a connection between grape and one of the words in brackets.
Vine is connected to grape as grapes grow on vines. Also fruit is connected to grape as a grape is a type of fruit.
We need to see if one of these connections can be made with raspberry and the words in brackets that are linked to it.
With raspberries, they grow on a bush.
We have found the connection!
It's the name given to the plants the fruits grow on.
Now it's your turn.
Remember to find those connections!
Connection Example
Synonyms (similar meanings) Start is to begin
Antonyms (opposite meanings) On is to off
What something is made of Shirt is to cotton
What goes inside of Tea is to teapot
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Dennis Trucks
Description of Dennis Trucks:
Replica vehicles constructed as film props utilizing modern diesel engines.
Equipped with period style hard rubber tires non functioning gas lanterns for lights.
Each truck has removable seating for troops in the rear deck area and removable canvas tops
Two of the four trucks are weathered and have been aged down to give a "used" look.
Electric start and power steering make them easy to operate and reliable.
In the early 1900s the British Army began considering the ways that motor transport could be used during a large-scale war. It was recognised that motor transport would enable the British Army to move troops very quickly. In 1911 the British Army announced its strategy for acquiring motor transport in an emergency. An annual fee of £15 was to be paid for each lorry registered with the British Army. By 1914 this fee had been increased to £110.
When war was declared in August 1914 a total of 1,200 lorries were acquired by the Army. One of the most successful lorries used by the British Army was the Dennis 3-Ton Lorry. The four-cylinder engine enabled the lorry to reach 55 mph. Even when loaded, it could climb gradients as steep as 1 in 6. Over 7,000 Dennis 3-Ton lorries were built and used during the First World War.
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The Important Role Social Workers Play in Hospice
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Social workers play a critical role in hospice care, acting as an advocate for the patient and his family throughout the care process. Without them, hospice would be an entirely different specialty than what it is today.
Hospice care aims to treat the patient's physical symptoms and support the patient and his family emotionally, socially, and spiritually. To do this well, it's imperative that the patient is first paired with a social worker who fully understands his and his family's needs and can assist throughout the dying process and even after the patient has passed with bereavement.
Psychosocial evaluations allow social workers to better understand patient needs and family dynamics. Ultimately, it's the social worker's job to assess the "big picture," allowing them to better guide the hospice team in creating a comprehensive care and support plan. Some factors a social worker may consider include financial burdens, emotional stress, and mental health.
Additionally, hospice social workers have an extensive background in pharmacological matters, which allows them to effectively communicate with the medical team and provide insight to the patient and his family. Hospice social workers are available to patients not only in in-patient settings but anywhere care is provided.
To learn more about Vantage Hospice social worker services, contact us.
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Electronic ID Tracking
Over the past decade, technology has greatly improved artificial reproductive technology, particularly in the area of traceability and patient safety.
One significant advancement is the implementation of Electronic ID Tracking systems in the Queensland Fertility Group's (QFG's) embryology laboratories. This system, known as "Witness," utilises Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) to detect and monitor activity in the IVF Laboratory.
Electronic ID Tracking, also referred to as RFID tracking, ensures that each patient's identity is allocated to their respective samples and digitally tracks every vessel containing eggs, embryos, and sperm. This technology minimises the risk of errors in handling human samples by providing a comprehensive system for monitoring and tracking patient samples throughout the IVF process.
The Witness system employs tags attached to dishes or tubes containing patient samples, which store electronically encoded patient information. These tags are automatically identified and tracked by antennae at each workstation. If samples belonging to different patients are mistakenly placed together, an audible alarm alerts the scientist, preventing any mix-ups.
The Witness system not only monitors the movement of samples but also records the time of each technique and the items within the antennae's range. This ensures that only one patient's samples are handled at any given time, enhancing accuracy and reducing the chances of cross-contamination.
Electronic ID tracking eliminates the risks associated with identity errors during laboratory procedures, providing peace of mind to both patients and staff. Additionally, all witnessed procedures are recorded, allowing for auditing and verification of correct handling practices.
Technology has played a huge role in improving the safety and efficiency of artificial reproductive technology over the past decade and I look forward to seeing how it evolves over the next ten years.


Image text transcribed for accessibility: A worker is raising a 9.2 m long ladder of mass 53kg as shown knowing that the force exerted by the ladder is perpendicular determine (a) the smallest value of A for which the vertical component of the reaction at B is zero (b) the corresponding force exerted by the worker


text: The fully water-soluble lead of the Goldfaber Aqua watercolor pencils have vibrant colors, optimum opacity and good lightfastness. High-quality materials and innovative production technology provide high tip-breakage resistance with SV bonding along the 3.3mm lead. Using a wet paintbrush drawings can be transformed into stunning watercolor paintings. Dry drawing techniques of colored pencils can also be used with these watercolor pencils. These hexagonal pencils are easily sharpened with all common sharpeners.


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Joined: 05 Dec 2006 Posts: 171 Location: Seattle, WA
I've been assigned some maintenance work on a very old COBOL program that has the SECTION statement in the Procedure Division and had a few questions about this as the manual isn't very extensive on the topic.
If I remember my classes from 25 years ago correctly, the Section is made up of one or more paragraphs and can they be performed in toto by performing the Section name. In the code below, the Perform statement will perform both paragraphs under S001 until it reaches S002.
Can individual paragraphs within in a Section be performed by themselves, such as Perform S001a-PARA-1A?
The end of a section is either another section or the end of the program, right?


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Polar Explorers Died of Starvation
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Andrew McAlister
(mcalista) - F
Polar Explorers Died of Starvation on 07/05/2012 23:13:11 MDT Print View
A Slow Trek Towards Starvation: Scott's Polar Tragedy Revisited
ScienceDaily (June 29, 2012) — On the centenary of Scott's ill-fated Terra Nova expedition to the South Pole, a study to be presented at the Society for Experimental Biology meeting on July 1 has shown that Scott's men starved to death because they were consuming far too few calories to fuel their daily exertion.
The researchers, environmental physiologist Dr Lewis Halsey of the University of Roehampton and polar explorer and physician Dr Mike Stroud, examined the voyage in light of today's knowledge of nutrition and how our bodies respond to extreme exercise, cold, and high altitude. They determined that their rations, which consisted of biscuits, pemmican, butter, sugar, chocolate, cereals and raisins, and were supplemented by pony meat at the start of the expedition, were inadequate.
Dr Lewis Halsey said, "There has been much speculation about what Scott died of. Almost certainly his death was due to chronic and extreme emaciation."
While consuming around 4,400 kcal/day, the men probably burnt nearly 7,000 kcal/day hauling their supplies on sledges across the ice and snow (based on data from Stroud's Antarctic crossing). For comparison, elite cyclists covering 4,900 km over 6 days use around 6,500 kcal/day. So Scott and his men were exhibiting daily activity levels considerably higher than most Olympic athletes in full training, but without consuming the enormous amount of food required to fuel such exertion.
In addition to the calorie deficit, the rations were too high in protein and low in fat to be optimal. Rations with more fat provide more energy for the same weight, which is a critical consideration when supplies must be carried. Although Scott made his rations more fat-rich than other polar rations had been, with 24% fat and 29% protein, today's adventurers eat up to 57% fat with 8% protein.
According to the study, other factors also worked against Scott's team. For instance, vitamins were not yet known about and there was some confusion at the time about which foods would prevent scurvy. While it is not clear whether the men developed scurvy, they probably did not consume enough vitamin C. On the other hand, the team did have a form of cocaine on hand, to help them keep going when they had run out of food.
a b
Scurvy on 07/05/2012 23:48:42 MDT Print View
"They determined that their rations... consisted of biscuits, pemmican, butter, sugar, chocolate, cereals and raisins, and.. pony meat"
Complex Carbohydrate(Biscuits), Fat and Protein(Pemmican), Fat(Butter), simple carbohydrate(sugar), fat and simple carbohydrate (Chocolate), complex carbohydrate(cereal) and some protein with simple carbohydrate(raisins), fat and protein (pony meat).
Yeah.. don't see any Vitamin C anywhere in that diet.. but plenty of go power.
Erik Danielsen
(er1kksen) - F
Locale: The Western Door
No? on 07/06/2012 09:30:03 MDT Print View
Pemmican does contain a useful amount of vitamin C in the raw muscle meat, and many pemmicans are made with the inclusion of berries. Between those and the raisins I don't see why they'd necessarily have to have suffered scurvy. A potential contributing factor, sure, but extreme calorie deficit and possibly the effects of a potent stimulant drug sound like just as significant factors.
Edited by er1kksen on 07/06/2012 09:33:18 MDT.
Gary Dunckel
(Zia-Grill-Guy) - MLife
Locale: Boulder
Other factors on 07/06/2012 09:45:53 MDT Print View
Remember that the weather was uncommonly cold for that time of the year (maybe 20* F colder than usual, down to ~-40* F), with horrific windy conditions. Also, the 2 teams that headed back down before Scott took their alloted stove fuel from the depots. But there wasn't enough fuel remaining for Scott, possibly due to evaporation inside the partially filled containers. The extremely cold and windy conditions, along with the necessity of eating cold meals, no doubt contributed to the inability of Scott's team to maintain a reasonable level of fitness.
Jeremy and Angela
(requiem) - F
Locale: Northern California
Re: Scurvy on 07/06/2012 13:21:26 MDT Print View
There was some incidence, but from a quick perusal it doesn't seem to have been a significant issue. Keep in mind that this was a century after Trafalgar, when the Royal Navy first started issuing lemons, so they may have had some citrus at basecamp. Fresh pony meat also would have helped to a small extent.
The Scott expedition seems to be a good example of how small changes can add up to create a crisis. For example, the doomed team was only 11 miles short of the next supply depot, which had been placed 30 miles North of its planned location. Lt. Evans, sent back with a bad case of scurvy, apparently was unable to relay Scott's order for more dogs to be sent south to meet the party. (So in a way scurvy did help create a significant issue.) The wiki article gives the impression that many aspects (ski/binding design, pony selection) may not have been given sufficient attention in contrast to Amundsen's group, but I'd prefer to read more direct sources on the subject before sharing that conclusion. I think that had things gone only slightly differently (not taking an extra man on the final push, placing supplies where originally planned, had the dogs been sent South, etc.), they likely would have made it out.
Madeline T
(madscot13) - F
vitamin C on 07/17/2012 20:44:15 MDT Print View
Paul McLaughlin
(paul) - MLife
Re: Polar Explorers Died of Starvation on 07/17/2012 22:48:24 MDT Print View
A fairly recent book on the expedition shows through research on weather conditions that the weather was significantly worse than average that year, slowing their progress sunstantially, so much so that in an average year they almost certainly would have made it back alive - despite what we now know to be inadequate rations
Mary D
(hikinggranny) - MLife
Polar Explorers Died of Starvation on 07/18/2012 01:11:37 MDT Print View
Dehydration and cooking both destroy Vitamin C, so it's not all that surprising that they got scurvy.
Laurie Ann March
(Laurie_Ann) - F
Locale: Ontario, Canada
Re: Polar Explorers Died of Starvation on 07/18/2012 07:22:33 MDT Print View
This is all very interesting. I think I'm going to have to buy a book or do some Google research and read more about the expedition.
Mary I did want to address the Vitamin C comment. While cooking and dehydration can destroy some Vitamin C, it doesn't destroy all of it if the time is limited. In 20 minutes of cooking you'll lose half the C and that's why in modern day we recommend the shorter cooking time for fruits and veggies and the reduced amount of water. Dehydration if done at 135°F or lower with modern dehydrators won't destroy all of the C but there will be a reduction. Same with Vitamin A. But back in the early 1900's we didn't know what we know today about everything from vitamin loss to glycemic index.
From what I gather from this discussion - and please correct me if I am mistaken... they were running out of fuel. With the extreme temps that would mean they wouldn't be able to thaw things like the pemmican to where it could be masticated or cook the frozen meat. Perhaps it was the fuel issue that was the biggest contributor?
Edited by Laurie_Ann on 07/18/2012 07:23:39 MDT.


text:
A hip thrust, or pelvic thrust, primarily targets the abdominal muscles, specifically the abdominals, obliques and the muscles of the lower back. The pelvic thrust is an exercise that can be performed by lying down on the mat and raising the pelvis while keeping the legs perfectly vertical.
Pelvic thrust exercises are popular among people who want to strengthen their core muscles without using gym equipment. Pelvic thrust exercises also train the muscles in the pelvis, lower back and hips. According to Mayo Clinic, this leads to better balance and stability, whether on the playing field or in daily activities.
Individuals who need strong core muscles for high endurance sports can increase the intensity of hip thrust exercises by setting a weight plate on the pelvis. The exercise can also be made more challenging by holding the pose at the top of each repetition. After a few repetitions, the muscles become fatigued, which makes them work harder.
As with any other exercise routine, the correct measures need to be taken before exercising. Although hip thrust exercises do not require a high degree of preparation, it is important to ensure that the exercise environment is safe to reduce the chances of injury. In addition to pelvic thrusts, individuals can also do sit-ups and push-ups to improve the condition of core muscles.


The sun never sets... on the Facebook Empire | Southmoore AP Human Geography |
How Facebook connections mirror old empires EIGHT years ago Facebook launched as an online social network connecting a small college community from a dorm room at Harvard University.
These graphics show how in a post-colonial world, former colonies are are still socially intertwined in a cultural network that mirrors the empires of yesteryear. Why are these modern social networks so similar to imperial patterns? What economic explanations are there for these patterns? What is the cultural impact?
Via Seth Dixon


text:
A rule of law that when person 'A', by act or words, gives person 'B' reason to believe a certain set of facts upon which person 'B' takes action, person 'A' cannot later, to his (or her) benefit, deny those facts or say that his (or her) earlier act was improper.
Estoppel is a set of doctrines in which a court prevents a litigant from taking an action the litigant normally would have the right to take, in order to prevent an inequitable result. Estoppel occurs when a party "reasonably relies on the promise of another party, and because of the reliance is injured or damaged". For example, estoppel precludes "a person from denying, or asserting anything to the contrary of, that which has, in contemplation of law, been established as the truth, either by the acts of judicial or legislative officers, or by his own deed, acts, or representations, either express or implied".
Estoppel is the law's way of saying "you can't have your cake and eat it." One British judge said, in 1862:


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Fort Lauderdale Criminal Attorney 500 southwest 3rd Avenue
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33315
Free Confidential Consultation
Petit Theft and Grand Theft: An Important Difference of Degree in Florida
Like most states, Florida recognizes that there are different degrees of seriousness in property crimes. The simplest sort of property crime is just called theft. And theft crimes can be divided further into petit theft and grand theft — you may have heard, for example, the term "grand theft auto" used in crime dramas (or the video game of the same name).
But what marks the difference between grand theft and petit theft? Under Florida law, the answer is simple. If the items stolen have a present market value of more than $100 at the time they're stolen, it is considered grand theft. Otherwise, it's petit theft. In some cases, however, the value of the items stolen comes close to the line or is difficult to establish. Moreover, the Florida Court of Appeals has already ruled — in the 2012 case of Aycockv. State and other like it — that testimony as to the purchase price of an item is not sufficient to establish its current market value beyond a reasonable doubt. The value of an item can fluctuate over time, and most items of personal property depreciate over time — partly from being used, partly from normal wear and tear, and partly from the market's distaste for last year's model. Because the state always has the burden of proof in a criminal case, it has the burden to establish the current market value of the items stolen. Testimony about the purchase price isn't good enough. If it fails to meet this burden, the maximum crime with which the defendant can be charged is petit theft (after all, the defendant stole something, so surely it had a value of something).
Establishing the Price of an Old Laptop
In the 2013 case of Olivera v. State, the defendant was charged with several property crimes, including burglary, possession of burglary tools, and grand theft. On the grand theft charge, the prosecutors alleged, and the jury found, that the defendant had stolen several electronic devices, including a laptop computer, and iPod, and a camera. At trial, the victim had testified that she bought the laptop computer for around $1,400 or $1,500 and that it was about two years old. She further testified that she'd paid around $130 each for the camera and iPod, which were each about six months old. There was no other testimony about the value of the items. The Florida Court of Appeals therefore concluded that the government had not met its burden of proof. There was no evidence of the present market value of the items, since the purchase price does not suffice as proof of present market value. The defendant, therefore, had been proved to be guilty only of petit theft, not grand theft.
It's vital to have an attorney who won't let the government get away with sloppy proof and inadequate evidence as defined by Florida law. An experienced theft crimes attorney like Kevin J. Kulik based in Fort Lauderdale can provide the passionate defense you deserve.
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Using Scale Item Barecodes
In many retail stores the use of scale items or better known as weighted items is a big part of the business.
In IQ Retail's IQ Enterprise or IQ Business integrated accounting package these items can be handled with ease. This post is to show how this can be set up in a few simple steps.
 1. Understanding the barecode
 -The first two digits in the barecode (20 in the example shown) is the scan code typeBacon
 -The next three, four or five digits is padding or space savers, normaly zeros to fill the space between the scan code and stock code (4 zeros in the example shown)
 -After the zeros is the stock code (9 in the example shown)
 -Then there is the Price Check Digit (0 in the example shown)
 -Price follows (2604 in the example shown)
 -The last digit is the overall check digit (7 in the example shown)
 2. Setting up your scan code type
 Now that you can read the scan code type from the barecode (first two digits), head over to Point of Sale – POS setup – Define ScancodesIn this set up screen make sure that your barecode printed from the scale matches the set up in the corresponding scan code type. If needed, add or remove item code "I" or price "P" indicators.Scancodes
 3. Creating your stock item code
 In the stock maintenance screen you can now add your item.
 The item code will consist of your scan code type, the padding zeros, plus your stock code. For the example the item code will be _PHONE_.
 Then make sure that you deselect "Disallow Decimals" and to select "Scale Item". In the price tab add the price per weight.StockItem
 4. Scan you barecode in POS
 Using a barecode scanner you can now scan your item in point of sale.


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Possible Duplicate:
How do I calculate someone's age in Java?
I have two dates eg 19/03/1950 and 18/04/2011. how can i calculate the difference between them to get the person's age? do I have to keep multiplying to get the hours or seconds etc?
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look here: _URL_.html – Harry Joy Mar 4 '11 at 13:22
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marked as duplicate by onof, Andrew White, justkt, Bala R, birryree Mar 4 '11 at 13:33
4 Answers
String date1 = "26/02/2011";
String date2 = "27/02/2011";
String format = "dd/MM/yyyy";
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(format);
Date dateObj1 = sdf.parse(date1);
Date dateObj2 = sdf.parse(date2);
long diff = dateObj2.getTime() - dateObj1.getTime();
int diffDays = (int) (diff / (24* 1000 * 60 * 60));
share|improve this answer
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You use the classes Date and Duration:
You create Date-objects, then use Duration's methods addTo() and subtract()
share|improve this answer
Duration is only available in an XML context, as the package name suggests. – Sean Patrick Floyd Mar 4 '11 at 13:32
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The following code will give you difference between two dates:
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
public class DateDiff {
 public static void main(String[] av) {
 /** The date at the end of the last century */
 Date d1 = new GregorianCalendar(2000, 11, 31, 23, 59).getTime();
 /** Today's date */
 Date today = new Date();
 // Get msec from each, and subtract.
 long diff = today.getTime() - d1.getTime();
 System.out.println("The 21st century (up to " + today + ") is "
 + (diff / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24)) + " days old.");
share|improve this answer
add comment
Why not use jodatime? It's much easier to calculate date and time in java.
You can get the year and use the method yearsBetween()
share|improve this answer
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text:
Habitat: South Africa (Provinces of Cape and Karoo)
Cultivation: Sunny exposure, moderately high temperatures, poor watering (once every 10 days in the vegetative period): Faucaria does not need much attention to grow well.
Curiosity: The etymology of this plant derives from the Latin fauces by the similarity of the leaves (at least of some varieties) with the mouths of wild beasts: an effect given by the triangular compact form, with thorns (or teeth) along the edges. Also the names of some species take this similarity, such as the Faucaria felina or the Faucaria tiger.
FAUCARIA KEY FEATURES
The plants of the Faucaria genus are aizoacee that appear in the form of bushes, with the leaves (mostly thick, fleshy and triangular) that gather in rosettes. They do not reach, therefore, large size but overall they are very decorative plants for the peculiarity of the shapes and for the beautiful flowers. Their roots are fleshy; generally do not have branches but can sometimes come out with age. The flowering takes place from September to November: we must not forget that these plants come from the South Africa and thus have an inverted life cycle compared to those which live above the equator. Flowers are generally yellow or orange and large in proportion to the plant; a variety, Faucaria felina presents white flowers and, in the old classifications, was called Candida Faucaria. The petals are long and extremely thin, so that the flower as a whole remembers the shape of the mesembriantem.
VARIETIES AND TYPES
Previous classifications for Faucaria had a total of 33 species: the genus has recently undergone a major revision that has reduced the current classification to only 6 species and 3 subspecies. Most of the old species have been brought into the various subspecies of the feline Faucaria.
- Faucaria boscheana
- F. felina
- F. felina subsp. Britteniae
- F. felina subsp. Felina
- F. felina subsp. Tuberculosa
- F. gratiae
- F. nemorosa
- F. subintegra
- F. tigrina
TIPS FOR CULTIVATION
The Faucaries in general are easy to cultivate but need a slightly richer soil than the one required for the cactaceae.
These are our tips for cultivating:
- Sunny exposure is the most recommended, although the plant lives well even under medium conditions.
- The average temperature should be quite high and in general the plant should remain above 10 ° C. An adult and healthy exemplar could, however, survive even short frosts.
- Watering must be scarce all year : from April to October, it can be watered once every 10 days, in winter irrigation can be less frequent.
- The soil must be well drained and fairly balanced as components: a mixture of peat and inert materials, such as sand or lapillo, is the best choice.
- Fertilize in spring and summer once every 15 days, however using little fertilizer.
- Being small plants, they do not have frequent repotting needs.
Faucaria reproduces well both by seed and by cuttings. As a cuttings, fleshy leaves are in fact perfect because they root very easily. Cuttings can also be used when we realize that the plant is too old, since small plants do not have a very long life cycle; with age, in addition, the plant tends to change its appearance or to face various problems – for example, small branches may come out or roots can easily ruin.


(redirected from voluntarily)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Encyclopedia.
Related to voluntarily: vindication, elusive, relinquish
VOLUNTARY. Willingly; done with one's consent; negligently. Wolff, Sec. 5.
 2. To render an act criminal or tortious it must be voluntary. If a man, therefore, kill another without a will on his part, while engaged in the performance of a lawful act, and having taken proper care to prevent it, he is not guilty of any crime. And if he commit an injury to the person or property of another, he is not liable for damages, unless the act has been voluntary or through negligence, as when a collision takes place between two ships without any fault in either. 2 Dobs. R. 83 3 Hagg. Adm. R. 320, 414.
 3. When the crime or injury happens in the performance of an unlawful act, the party will be considered as having acted voluntarily.
 4. A negligent escape permitted by an officer having the custody of a prisoner will be presumed as voluntary; under a declaration or count charging the escape to have been voluntary, the party will, therefore, be allowed to give a negligent escape in evidence. 1 Saund. 35, n. 1. So Will.
References in periodicals archive?
In the early hours of Wednesday, 26 passengers were asked to voluntarily exit after the Air France flight suffered a "technical problem" at the New Delhi airport.
'Most importantly, the age range of 15-35 years is to ensure the leadership transition takes place voluntarily, smoothly and does not kill more youth organisations at the grassroots level because it involves leadership and management issues.
Three-member bench of Supreme Court of Pakistan headed by Justice Sheikh Azmat Saeed on Thursday conducted hearing of suo motu notice case pertaining to powers of NAB with regard to voluntarily returning the money got through corruption.
He observed that if a government employee voluntarily returned the amount then what procedure was to be adopted.
'In the meantime, we maintain our suggestion that those who seek public offices in the 2019 elections voluntarily submit themselves to drug testing for this is an initial step towards equipping our electorate with substantial information as they exercise their right of suffrage,' he said.
Furthermore, some encroachers removed their encroachment themselves voluntarily including sheds and an illegal kitchen setup by a famous food outlet.
Furthermore, some encroachers left the area voluntarily and sheds and an illegal kitchen established by Dainty Foods were removed.
In a statement sent to The Manila Bulletin late Wednesday afternoon, the 10th ID PAO acting officer said the surrenderees, one of them a squad commander of the 2nd Squad, Guerilla Front 2 SRC 2 of the CPP-NPA Southern Mindanao Regional Committee, voluntarily gave up themselves to field troops of the 10th ID at 8 o'clock in the morning last Wednesday (Aug.
Fifth Street Asset Management Inc (OTCQX:FSAM) declared on Wednesday that it has decided to voluntarily move its class A common stock from the OTCQX US Market, operated by OTC Markets Inc and list these for trading on the Pink Market, also operated by OTC Markets.
The letter read, 'I hereby voluntarily retire from the Bench of the Federal High Court of Nigeria with effect from 6th December 2017.
A spokesman for Merseyside Police said: "A teenage boy has today voluntarily attended a police station in Liverpool in connection with the fatal road traffic collision in Walton.
The Paradise Street dining spot, which closed voluntarily, left signs on its doors apologising for the inconvenience caused.


text:
The adaptor plugs into a domestic or public charger with a type 2 connector, enabling standard plugs to be connected. Available with 3 different sockets:
- UK 13A 230v
- CEE 60309 Commando 16A 230v
- European Schuko 16A 230v
Practical applications include using the UK 13A unit to charge devices with a 13A plug, or the Commando unit to provide power to a motorhome. The European unit is mainly sold for the Citroen Ami car, click here for further details.
The adaptor requires a type 2 (right) charging socket. The type 2 connector has 7 pins and was adopted as the EU standard for EVs in 2014. It is therefore the most common EV connector in the UK.
It cannot be used with chargers which have a tethered lead (a connector on the end of a cable).
Normally an EV automatically communicate with the charger to tell it to charge. The adaptor requires the use of two switches to manually send these messages using the following procedure:
- Turn switches A and B on the adaptor to the off position.
- Plug the unit to be powered into the adaptor's socket.
- Plug the adaptor into a type 2 charging socket.
- Turn switch A ON to tell the charging station that the car is connected. Where the charger features a locking mechanism, it will lock the connector in place.
- Immediately turn switch B ON to tell the charging station to start charging.
- To release the cable when charging is complete turn OFF switch B, followed by switch A.
Some charging stations do not require this procedure to be followed; they simply start charging when the adapter is connected with both switches in the on position.


text:
Learn how to write the hiragana character for "sa" in this simple lesson. Please remember, it is important to follow the stroke order when writing Japanese characters. Learning the proper stroke order is also a great way to help you to remember how to draw the character.
Example: さかな (sakana) --- fish
Please check out the instinctual video, How to Pronounce Hiragana: sa, shi, su, se, so to learn the pronunciation of hiragana "sa". Click this link to learn how to write the word, Sadou, which also starts with the hiragana "sa" character.
To learn more about Japanese writing, try Japanese Writing for Beginners.


Penta Security, pil doğrulaması için blockchain uygular
Penta Security (South Korea) uses DLT technology to store data related to electric vehicles. The platform was developed in partnership with AutoCrypt
The company's main goal is to improve the ecology and safety of electric vehicles. It would seem that electric cars do not emit carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, and they are environmentally friendly. However, there is no limit to perfection.
The new blockchain-based system is designed to address the battery degradation. Today, when electric cars have occupied a niche in transport, the problem of battery fires and other violations of work is very acute.
In February 2021, Chinese authorities demanded an explanation from Tesla because of systematic problems with cars and batteries.
Therefore, the solution developed by Penta Security will be just right. The blockchain platform will be able to track the battery life cycle.
It was reported that the platform will track the battery status data while charging and draining the machines. The data will be recorded in the blockchain. If problems are detected, the program will notify the owner of the car.
The platform will serve up to 1000 cars a year. The data collected will help predict the risks of cars, organise timely battery recycling and save on maintenance.


of approximately 0.4, the risk also increases. Distribution of Portfolio Return: Distribution of Portfolio Return Distribution of Two Random Variables: Joint Probability Approach : Distribution of Two Random Variables: Joint Probability Approach SUBS.XLS: SUBS.XLS The left and top margins of the table show the possible values of demand for the products. A company sells two products, product 1 and 2, that tend to be substitutes for each one another.The company has assessed the joint probability distribution of demand for the two products during the coming months. This joint distribution appears in the Demand sheet of this file. SUBS.XLS -- continued: SUBS.XLS -- continued Demand for product 1 (D1) can range from 100 to 400 (in increments of 100) and demand for product 2(D2) can range from 50-250 (in increments of 50). Each possible value of D1 can occur for each possible value of D2 with the joint probability given in the table. Given this joint probability distribution, describe more fully the probabilistic structure of demands for the two products. Joint Probability Approach: Joint Probability Approach In this example we use an alternative method for specifying probability distribution. A joint probability distribution, specified by all probabilities of the form p(x, y), indicates that X and Y are related and also how each of X and Y is distributed in its own right. The joint probability of X and Y determines the marginal distributions of both X and Y, where each marginal distribution is the probability distribution of a single random variable. Joint Probability Approach -- continued: Joint Probability Approach -- continued The joint distribution also determines the conditional distributions of X given Y, and of Y given X. Marginal Distributions: Marginal Distributions We begin by finding the marginal distributions of demands for each product. These are the row and column sums of the joint probabilities. The marginal distributions indicate that "in-between" values of the demands for each product are most likely, whereas extreme values in either direction are less likely. These distributions tell us nothing of the relationship between the demands for the products. Conditional Distributions: Conditional Distributions A better way to do learn about this relationship is to calculate the conditional distributions of the demands. We begin with with the conditional distribution for D1 given D2. To calculate we create a new table. In each row of the table we fix the value of D2 at the value given in column B. We can then calculate the conditional probabilities of the values of D1. Conditional Distributions -- continued: Conditional Distributions -- continued This is the joint probability divided by the marginal probability of the D2. They can be calculated all at once by entering the formula =C5/$G5. We also check that each row of the table is a probability in its own right by summing across the rows. These sums should equal one. Similarly the conditional distributions of the D2 given the D1 can be calculated in another table by entering the formula =C5/C$10. Each column sum should equal one. Summary Measures: Summary Measures Various summary measures can now be calculated. Expected values: The expected demands follow from the marginal distributions and are calculated in cells B32 and C32 by these formulas =SUMPRODUCT(Demands1,Prob1) and =SUMPRODUCT(Demands2,Prob2). Variances and standard deviations:These are also calculated from the marginal distributions in the usual way. We first find squared deviations from the means and calculate the weighted sum of these squared deviations. Summary Measures -- continued: Summary Measures -- continued Covariance and correlation: The formulas are the same as before but we proceed differently. We now form a complete table of products of deviations from the means by using the formula =(C$4-MeanDem1)*($B5-MeanDem2) in C37 and copying it to C37:F41. Then we calculate the covariance in cell B47 with the formula =SUMPRODUCT(ProdDevsDem,JtProbs). Finally, we calculate the correlation in B48 with the formula =CovarDem/(StdevDem1*StDevDem2). Analysis: Analysis The best way to see the joint behavior of D2 and D1 is to look in the conditional probability tables. For example: Compare the probabilities in the conditional distribution table of D1, given D2. The value of D2 increases, while the probabilities for D1 tend to shift to the left. In other words, as the demand for product two increases the demand for product 1 tends to decrease. This can be seen more clearly in the following graph. Conditional Distributions of Demand 1 Given Demand 2: Conditional Distributions of Demand 1 Given Demand 2 Analysis -- continued: Analysis -- continued The graph shows that when D2 is large D1 tends to be small, although again this is a tendency not a perfect relationship. When we say that two products are substitutes for one another, this is the type of behavior we imply. By symmetry, the conditional distribution of D2 given D1 shows the same type of behavior. This is shown in the next graph. Conditional Distributions of Demand 2 Given Demand 1: Conditional Distributions of Demand 2 Given Demand 1 Conclusions: Conclusions The information in these graphs is confirmed - to some extent - by the covariance and correlation between the demands for the products. In particular, their negative values indicate that the demands for the products move in opposite directions. Also the small correlation indicates that the relationship between these demands is far from perfect. There is still a reasonably good chance that when D1 is large D2 will be large, and when D1 is small D2 will be small. Assessing Joint Probability Distributions: Assessing Joint Probability Distributions Using the joint probability approach can often times be quite difficult especially when there are many possible values for each of the random variables One approach is to proceed backwards from the way we proceeded in this example. Instead of specifying the joint probabilities and then deriving the marginal and conditional distributions, we can specify either the marginal or conditional probabilities and use theses to calculate the joint possibilities. Assessing Joint Probability Distributions -- continued: Assessing Joint Probability Distributions -- continued The advantage of this procedure is that it is probably easier and more intuitive for a business manager. He gets ore control over the relationship between the two random variables, as determined by the conditional probabilities he assesses. JTPROBS.XLS: JTPROBS.XLS An file shows an example of the indirect method of assessing joint probabilities. JTPROBS.XLS: JTPROBS.XLS The shaded regions of the spreadsheet represent probabilities assessed directly, and the joint probabilities are calculated from these. The formula used in C20 is =C11*C$6 and then this is copied to C20:F24. The associated graph on the next slide appears to be consistent with the meaning of substitute products. Conditional Distributions of Demand 2 Given Demand 1: Conditional Distributions of Demand 2 Given Demand 1 Independent Random Variables: Independent Random Variables Background Information: Background Information A distributor of parts keeps track of the inventory of each part type at the end of every week. If the inventory of a given part is at or below a certain value called the reorder point, the distributor places an order for the part. The amount ordered is a constant called the order quantity. Assumptions: Assumptions The ordering lead time is negligible. Sales are lost if customer demand during any week is greater than that week's beginning inventory; that is, there is no backlogging of demand. Customer demands for a given part type in different weeks are independent random variables. The marginal distribution of weekly demand for a given part type is the same each week. INVNTORY.XLS: INVNTORY.XLS This file contains the plant manager's estimated data in the shaded area for a particular part type. She wants to calculate the mean revenue in each of the first weeks, given that the initial inventory at the beginning of week 1 is 250, the value shown in cell B12. Independent & Dependent: Independent & Dependent When random variables are independent, any information about the values of any of the random variables is worthless in predicting any of the others. Random variables in real world applications are not usually independent; they are usually related in some way, in which case they are dependent. However, we often make an assumption of independence in mathematical models to simplify the analysis. Joint Distribution of Demands: Joint Distribution of Demands Due to the assumption that weekly demands are independent and have the same distribution, all the manager needs to assess is a single weekly distribution of demand. To obtain these joint probabilities, we calculate products of marginals by entering the formula =VLOOKUP(C$20,DistTable,2)*VLOOKUP($B21,DistTable,2) in cell C21 and copying it into range C21:G25. This formula simply multiplies the two marginal probabilities corresponding to the demands in the top and left margins of the joint probability table. Joint Distribution of Demand -- continued: Joint Distribution of Demand -- continued To check we calculate the row and column sums. The column sums agree with the probabilities in the distribution of demand in each week, as they should. The calculations are shown on the next slide. Calculations: Calculations Calculating Mean Revenue -Week 1: Calculating Mean Revenue -Week 1 The mean revenue calculation portion of this example is more complex. This is particularly true for the revenue in week 2 because it depends on the demands of both periods. Beginning with the revenue in week 1, the revenue is the unit price multiplied by the smaller of the on-hand inventory


Spanish Painter Fernando Vicente Reimagines Maps as Pieces of Art
By: Rahul Kalvapallé - Apr 18, 2014
References: fernandovicenteatlas.blogspot & visualnews
Spanish painter Fernando Vicente's 'Atlas' series consists of highly intricate human faces, skulls and animals drawn onto geographical maps. The artwork is created in such a way that the geographic boundaries of each land mass are shaped to perfectly correspond to the shapes, contours and lines of his subjects.
These pieces of art display more than just a technical mastery of painting, however; each piece offers a commentary on the relationships between different parts of the earth and their inhabitants throughout history. For example, the human skull and bones that outline Africa could be construed as a reminder of that continent's suffering at the hands of imperialism, poverty and disease.
The visual look of the paintings suggests a strong Renaissance-era influence, further suggesting that the Spanish painter is attempting to convey the classical and colonial histories that have shaped different parts of the world.


text:
On-Demand Webinar: Diversity and Culture – Strategies for Working with Differences
$20.00 Or MEMBER PLAN (Starting at $9.99 a month/viewer)
When diversity and cultural differences lead to misunderstandings or distrust, they are often viewed as challenges to manage within our work environments. However, they are better viewed as valuable assets to organizational health. This webinar examines specific elements of diversity and culture as they relate to communicating, power differentials, and experiences of discrimination.
Not from the USA? Use our currency converting tool to help calculate exchange rates from your country.Currency Converter


Staple Remover
A staple remover is a device that can remove a staple from a given material quickly without causing damage. The metal wedge at the end of the stapler can be used to achieve the same result; however, it tends to tear fragile papers. The staple remover is composed of two opposing wedges on a pivot with a spring that returns it to the open position after use. They also go by the term decleater in many former British colonies.
The user can either forcefully clip the front side of the staple causing the folded tabs on the reverse side to open and slide out or you can simultaneously clip the 2 folded pieces raising them from the paper and then pulling on the front flat side to remove the staple.
Since it is designed for functionality and robustness it has a minimized number of parts that help lower the cost and production time. Meghan Rooney was believed to have conceptualized the modern staple remover. Her design was originally intended to remove stitching not staples.
The pivoting blades, made of chrome-plated steel, interlock with each other. The chrome plating provides a mild rust-resistance suitable for use in an office environment away from any liquids. The metal is originally made of sheet metal which can be processed by blanking in a mechanical press allowing for a production rate of up to 1,500 units per minute.
The torsion spring is a standardized component that is in many other products such as clothes pegs. The spring has two loops and is also made of chrome-plated steel due to its high resistance to fatigue. They are mass produced by a spring winding machine and then chrome plated.
The staple remover usually has plastic grips which are not necessary for operation but they do provide ergonomics so the user doesn't have to press their fingers against sheet metal. The grips are usually made with injection molding of thermoplastics. This process is commonplace, labor intensive, cheap, and capable of producing high quantities. Plastic is used since it is easy to work with, cheap, and readily available.
In order for the blades to rotate a pin axle, made of stainless steel, is used. This prevents rust although the production of this axle is quite intensive.
There is also a modified version that removes broken staples and was patented by Joseph A. Foilte. His device doesn't see widespread use despite overcoming several disadvantages of the former device.
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Staple Remover
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What is a Europe Direct Information Centre?
The Europe Direct Centre (EDIC) at Sligo Library is your starting point for finding information about the EU. The centre provides access to material covering a wide variety of topics, including:
- General information about how the EU works.
- Information about the various EU institutions and agencies.
- The latest news about EU affairs and events.
- Information about citizen rights in the EU.
The Europe Direct Centre at Sligo Library is part of a network of similar centres across the European Union, including 8 more across the Republic of Ireland. The Sligo centre is located with the Local Studies Library towards the rear of the building as you come in the main entrance of the Library


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Most Active Stories
Wed August 22, 2012
Drought dries New Mexico's largest rivers
UPDATED 08-22-12, 8:00 PM:
Additional rains have reconnected flows within the stretch of the Pecos River that includes habitat for the Pecos bluntnose shiner. Biologists do not plan to conduct salvage work this week. About 30 miles of the river still remain dry.
This has been a dry year in New Mexico. Statewide, we've received only half the precipitation of average, and most of eastern New Mexico is experiencing what the National Weather Service calls "extreme drought."
That means this has been a tough summer for New Mexico's two largest rivers.
Since mid-June, two stretches of the Rio Grande south of Albuquerque have gone dry. Right now, a total of about 50 miles are dry.
Meanwhile, about 30 miles of the Pecos River have dried between the city of Roswell and Bitter Lakes National Wildlife Refuge. According to online stream gages, the drying first began in July.
To try and keep water between the banks of the Pecos, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation has been buying and leasing water rights from willing sellers.
But the drought this year has been too much for the agency to keep up with, according to the Bureau of Reclamation's Gary Dean.
Conditions haven't been this dry on the Pecos since 1989, he says, when the agency conducted a dam safety test of Brantley Dam and had to temporarily hold back the river's flows.
Now, biologists with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service are preparing to rescue rare fish—the pecos bluntnose shiner-- from the drying riverbed.
According to Stephen Davenport, with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's New Mexico Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, a rainstorm on Tuesday night caused a temporary spike in flows throughout the fish's habitat, but biologist will likely head out to the Pecos River for salvage work later this week.


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The following error prevents me from running simulation:
# ** Fatal: (vsim-3471) Slice range (35 downto 32) does not belong to the prefix index range (31 downto 0).
# Time: 0 ns Iteration: 0 Process: /block_level_tb/cpri_wrapper_top_master/cpri_reuse_inst_inst_cpri_jb_inst_wrapper_jb_ram_inst_jb_ram_mram_jb_ram/
ramb18sdp_inst/safe_mode/prcs_clk File: C:/Xilinx/10.1/ISE/vhdl/src/unisims/unisim_VITAL.vhd
# Fatal error in Process prcs_clk at C:/Xilinx/10.1/ISE/vhdl/src/unisims/unisim_VITAL.vhd line 152747
What does the error come from and how can I resolve it?
The error is possibly caused by an undesired width of initial value assigned to the RAM component in the code either by inference or instantiation.
For example, if RAMB36 is instantiated, it is expected to have any 36-bit value for INIT_A and INIT_B in order that output of each port (DO & DOP) can obtain appropriate initial value bits. If the value you specified is less than 36-bit, you can encounter this error in simulation.
The error can also occur if using the Simple Dual Port RAM macro (BRAM_SDP_MACRO) with different read and write port widths which is not supported.
Please refer to the libraries guide or user guide for allowed values of INIT attribute.


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Runtime Error 76 - What is Runtime Error 76
Computer/Internet/Software Articles
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Computers have greatly benefited facets of our daily lives. They allow us to work more efficiently, provide us with entertainment and even enable us to communicate quickly with people on the other side of the world. Despite all of these benefits, computers can still puzzle us with their seemingly cryptic error messages. In most cases, knowing a little bit about the error and its causes will help us find a fairly straight forward solution to the problem so that we can return to enjoying the use of the computer.
Runtime Error 76 is a common message users see. The question then is, what does it mean and how can you correct this error?
This particular runtime error means "path not found." In simple terms, it means that the program cannot identify the correct location for writing its data. When that happens, the program does not know where to look, so it usually crashes or freezes.
Let us look at the error in more detail. When you install software onto your computer, you have to select a directory for that program's data to be stored. Each time you access that software, it will need to write new data into those files. For example, if you have installed a PC game and tried to save your progress, the program will find that directory and write the information in that location on your hard drive.
Generally, the process works very smoothly and quickly. However, sometimes there are problems with the directory. For example, the program may not have been installed correctly, so it cannot identify the location it needs. Another possibility is that the directory has been moved. If you have copied the folder containing the program to another part of your hard drive, for instance, the software will not be able to locate it. If you have a song file on your desktop that you add to your music player and then move that file into another folder, then the song will no longer play because the directory has been changed without notifying the software.
The good news is that solving Runtime Error 76 is fairly easy. First, you should look for available patches and fixes for the program. These are generally available through the software manufacturer's web site and can be downloaded for free.
You may also want to run a check for viruses and spyware. In some cases, these invaders can alter directories or make other changes which could generate this type of error.
If you are still having troubles and you have already completed the other two steps, you may need to reinstall the program that is causing the error to appear. Remember to back up any files associated with the original installation so they do not get overwritten during the new installation. In most cases, the new installation works fine.
Sometimes the error does not come from the program but from the operating system itself. If this is the case, then you need to re-install the operating system. Although this can be time-consuming, it should alleviate the problems.
While Runtime Error 76 is not usually a serious problem, reinstalling a program or your entire operating system can be a nuisance. However, having way to correct the problems is better than not knowing what has gone wrong in the first place.
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The southern phasmid gecko lives on the ground, but is a capable climber and forages among clumps of spinifex grass. This species feeds on invertebrates and is often seen foraging in the early morning and late afternoon, although it is thought to be most active at night (3).
All Strophurus geckos show a unique behaviour when captured, squirting a thick, sticky, repellent fluid from their tails. This substance is produced by glands in the tail and is thought to deter potential predators (3) (4) (5) (8). It quickly dries into cobweb-like filaments in air, and in the southern phasmid gecko it is coloured bright orange (8).
Little else is known about the southern phasmid gecko's biology, but it is thought to shelter in burrows under spinifex clumps (3). Like other geckos in the Diplodactylidae family, it probably lays leathery-shelled eggs (5).


Grassy Narrows: Forty years later
Grassy Narrows in focus ⬿
Grassy Narrows: Forty years later
Support our journalism. Become a Patron!
John Ahni Schertow
May 14, 2011
CBC video journalist Peter Wall returns to Grassy Narrows, 40 years after the community was poisoned with Mercury.
Forty years after Dryden Chemical Company dumped 20,000 pounds of mercury into the Wabigoon River, with the Ontario government's expressed consent, the people of Grassy Narrows continue to suffer the effects of mercury poisoning.
Dryden Chemical Company, a chloralkali process plant, supplied both sodium hydroxide and chlorine for the Dryden Pulp and Paper Company. Dryden Chemical company discharged their effluent into the Wabigoon-English River system. 20,000 pounds of mercury was dumped into the river between 1962 and 1970.
In 1970, the government of Canada stepped in, informing commercial fishermen and tourist-lodge owners along the English-Wabigoon River that fish were testing for extremely high levels of mercury.
After the warning was made public, the Ontario government told the people of Grassy Narrows, Wabaseemoong, and Wabauskang First Nations to stop eating the fish– their main food staple–and further advised Grassy Narrows to shut down its commercial fishery. In the blink of an eye, Grassy Narrows' economy was devastated.
The government, however, claimed that it would only take a few months for the mercury to wash out of the river system. Yet, forty years later, the effects are still being revealed.
For more information on Grassy Narrows and their struggle, please visit:
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Everyone in the electrical industry, including the electrical apprentice, the journeyman, the master electrician, electrical contractor, electrical engineer, designer, the electrical inspector, et al., seem to use the phrase "neutral conductor." However, until the 2008 National Electrical Code (NEC), we did not actually have a definition of a neutral. In the process of determining the definition of a neutral for the 2008 NEC, the NEC Technical Committee Task Group on the Definition of "Neutral Conductor" realized two definitions were required to adequately define this seemingly elusive component of the electrical system.
The definition of a neutral conductor, as developed by the task group, was derived from the International Electrotechnical Commission definition of neutral conductor with some minor text changes to adapt to the NEC style. This definition read, "Neutral Conductor—The conductor connected to the neutral point of a system that is intended to carry current under normal conditions."
The definition establishes that any conductor connected to a neutral point of an electrical system is intended to carry current under normal conditions. Any electricians who find themselves connected to a neutral conductor carrying the imbalanced current of the circuit will certainly verify that the neutral is a current-carrying conductor. Most electricians, myself included, also will admit that it is very difficult to "get off" the neutral conductor once connected to it since the current is on the load side of the circuit. Most people either fall away, breaking the connection if on ground or floor level, or fall off the ladder when not working at grade level. We all count ourselves very lucky to have survived the neutral "connection."
Whenever possible, work on the circuit in an electrically safe work condition. In other words, ensure the circuit has been locked off, and verify that the circuit is de-energized.
Upon analyzing the newly developed definition of a "neutral," the task group then decided that a second definition was necessary to further explain the "neutral point." The definition of neutral point was found in the IEEE Standard C57.12.80-2002 and read, "The common point on a wye-connection in a polyphase system or midpoint on a
single-phase, 3-wire system, or midpoint of a single-phase portion of a 3-phase delta system, or a midpoint of a 3-wire, direct-current system." Again, with some minor text changes to fit the NEC format, this text was adopted into the 2008 NEC. To make the two definitions as technically correct as possible, a Fine Print Note was added to explain that the neutral point of the system is "the vectorial sum of the nominal voltages from all other phases within the system that utilize the neutral, with respect to the neutral point, is zero potential." With the combination of the two definitions and the Fine Print Note, we finally have defined a neutral conductor.
Once the two definitions and the Fine Print Note were developed and fine tuned, the task group proceeded to comb the entire NEC for any reference to a grounded conductor where that conductor was not simply grounded but could or did act as a neutral conductor. This was a huge task since proposals then were written for each change that must occur within the NEC, and each individual NEC panel analyzed these proposed changes to ensure they agreed with the change from "grounded conductor" to "neutral conductor." It was a job very well done.
The neutral conductor is the common point in the system where the threephase conductors of a wye system are connected to the grounding-electrode conductor and the grounding electrode. It still is the common point in a 120/240-volt, single-phase, three-wire system grounded to the grounding electrode system at the midpoint between the two transformers or the midpoint of one of the transformers of a three-phase 120/240-volt delta high leg system. It also is the midpoint connection of a three-wire direct current system. All of us can verify that these midpoint connections ultimately will be the current-carrying point back for all of those "neutral conductors" that we know so well as the white or gray conductor current path of an unbalanced circuit.
What do not fit the definitions are installations with one hot conductor and a return conductor, such as may be found in a 120-volt single phase, two-wire system. Sections 250.20(B)(1) and 250.26(1) still require the grounding-electrode connection, and 200.6 still requires the conductor to be white or gray "neutral" conductor. However, it is not a neutral conductor, even though many people still refer to it as a neutral. This is a grounded conductor, but be careful. It is just as lethal, if not more so than our "neutral" conductor.
ODE is a staff engineering associate at Underwriters Laboratories Inc., in Research Triangle Park, N.C. He can be reached at _PHONE_ or at _EMAIL_.


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It is crucial for students of Vajrayana Buddhism to find an authentic wisdom teacher and know how to properly rely upon that teacher in order to awaken to their buddha nature and thereby attain full enlightenment. Fortunately, the topic has been thoroughly explored by Jamgon Kongtrul in the tenth chapter of The Treasury of Knowledge. This essential text clearly lays out what credentials and qualities one should look for in a wisdom teacher, why a wisdom teacher is necessary, and how the relationship between this teacher and disciple best develops once it is established.
News & Reviews
"This is a critical teaching especially suited for our confusing times, as students in the West continue to adapt to the Buddhist conceptions of devotion, submission, trust, and acceptance."—Shambhala Sun


Becoming an Authority in Your Niche
Becoming an Authority in Your Niche
Issue 9 // 4th Quarter // 2014 Category:Leadership By: Alan Robertson
Good, better, or best? We live in a society of self-proclaimed "experts" in every field, but what truly makes an expert an authority? At Duck Commander, we believe that the difference between being an expert and an authority is foundationally dependent upon the consistent production of a quality product. Our duck calls are not the best in the waterfowl industry because we say so—Duck Commander is an authority, because other people recognize consistent quality.
I've often pondered the example of Paul. As recounted in Philippians, he was a Hebrew of the Hebrews—the cream of the crop. If anyone were to be known as an expert on the law, it was Paul. Possessing all the confidence of Pharisaical decree, Paul persecuted heretical believers and stood blameless under the lawful decree of a self-righteous religious system. He was the ultimate expert on righteousness under the law.
But Galatians 1:15-17 holds a hidden key to what made Paul cross over from expert to authority: "But when he who had set me apart before I was born, and who called me by his grace, was pleased to reveal his Son to me, in order that I might preach him among the Gentiles, I did not immediately consult with anyone; nor did I go up to Jerusalem to those who were apostles before me, but I went away into Arabia…"
What made Paul an authority? Not his family, not his titles, but the time he spent in training, set apart with God. The Pauline epistles are silent on the length of time, but it is commonly believed that he spent three years in Arabia, learning and training under direct revelation of God. Interestingly enough, if this is true, it is the same amount of time that Jesus spent with His disciples during His earthly ministry. Paul's time in Arabia was his way of earning his place alongside the other apostles as the thirteenth warrior.
When Dad started this business so many years ago, he never dreamed that the waterfowl industry would know his name.
A simple country boy from Louisiana, Dad wasn't anyone special, but he had a God-given ability for duck hunting. From the very first time he went duck hunting at ten years old, Dad had an innate ability. He was set apart. His passion continued to grow for the rest of his life and turned into this amazing dynasty.
Over the years, Dad has refined the duck call into a specific instrument. All of us boys know exactly how a call is supposed to sound. Of course, there are varying degrees of natural ability in my family, but like a musical talent, it takes specific training to learn the proper sound. Duck Commander is an authority on what a call is supposed to sound like because of Dad's God-given ability.
Stand Up and Be Counted
Another difference between an expert and an authority is the willingness to answer the call. In Paul's case, he had all the pedigree necessary to be the expert on the Law, but the moment came when he was given a decision: follow Christ into a deeper ministry or remain caught up in legalism. When the rubber met the road, he was willing to follow. Ultimately, the call on the road to Damascus led him to become the penultimate authority on Christianity in the first century.
To become an authority, you have to be willing to step up when your time comes. Sometimes it's a moment that's recognizable, sometimes it's not. In our case, the penultimate moment came through a family fracture that drove Dad to his knees and brought about a full surrender to God's plan for his life and business. Duck Commander exists because of a single moment of complete submission.
Over the course of our journey to becoming an authority in the waterfowl segment of the sporting goods industry, we have seen many roadblocks and pitfalls, but by faithfully following biblical principles, peace and clarity have prevailed. In every trial, God has given us the courage to stand upon our principles, the wisdom to make the right decisions, and the grace to maintain our testimony.
It Won't Happen Overnight
Dad always said, "Don't tell other people how great you are; let people tell you if they think you're great." The difference between an expert and an authority is the consistent recognition of integrity that comes only through years of experience. One of the best ways to become an authority is credibility: to work through years of doing what you do best. In our case, it took twenty years of proving year in and year out that we were the best at what we did.
People think that we are marketing geniuses. You'd be surprised how many people think that Dad has a doctorate in marketing (he actually has a Master's degree in Education)! When Duck Dynasty became a megahit on A&E, people thought that our beards and bandanas were a marketing ploy. They're not part of our TV characters; they're our way of life. We are who we say we are. We have years of a consistent testimony of excellence within the hunting industry. We have proven our ability, established our excellence, and continued the quality of craftsmanship since the beginning of Duck Commander.
Ultimately, whether you start a business, make a lot of money, or impact society in a positive way, people remember what you do and the contributions you make. When you have Christ at the center of your life and ministry, when your moment comes to do something for Him, whatever it is, whether sharing the gospel with one indidividual or on a national platform, you have to step up and do it.
Long before God called us to be national ambassadors of the waterfowl industry and the leading authority on duck calls, we decided that we would stand up for what we believed, both in our professional and personal lives. It wasn't always easy, but we always had the peace and clarity that comes from putting God in control. We put Jesus first.
In the end, Paul's authority led to his house arrest and death, but here we are, 2,000 years later writing an article about it. It's the power of longevity. Stand up and be counted. Authorities are made, not born.
Editor's Note:
TwoTen Magazine's publisher Richard W. Hayes and writer Jessica Burchfield caught up with Alan Robertson in New York's LaGuardia Airport while on a publicity tour for Phil Robertson's new book, UnPHILtered (Howard Books). Interesting timing: Al recounted how his Dad had just finished an interview with Sean Hannity on Fox News Channel, in which he was given a chance to stand up and be counted. "Dad was thrown an 80 mph fast ball right down the middle," said Al. "After a very controversial question regarding international terrorism, he quoted Scripture, then opened his well-worn Bible and preached. It was the perfect lead in to a succinct Gospel presentation on national television. Dad's really a preacher; duck calls just made him an authority."
Alan Robertson
By: Alan Robertson
Read More Articles by Alan Robertson
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The magneto-plasmon dispersion relation of a quasi-three-dimensional electron gas confined in a wide AlxGa1-x As parabolic quantum well is investigated in the magnetic quantum limit. Magneto-plasma excitations polarized perpendicular to the magnetic field and with wave vector q of the order of the inverse magnetic length 1 l0 are measured in far infrared magneto-transmission experiments on 100 nm thick electron slabs. A minimum is found in the magneto-plasma mode frequency at ql0 ≈ 2 suggesting the existence of a magneto-roton excitation. The collective excitation spectrum is calculated in analogy with Feynman's theory for rotons in helium, and is found to be in good qualitative agreement with the measurement.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Surfaces and Interfaces
- Surfaces, Coatings and Films
- Materials Chemistry