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Why so blue? Colour change in the chameleon grasshopper (Kosciuscola tristis)
A project undertaken at the Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, and supervised by Marie Herberstein and Kate Umbers
Rapid colour change in insects is extremely rare, yet in Australia such colour change has evolved independently in two disparate lineages. In both the dragonfly genus Austrolestes and the grasshopper genus Kosciuscola, males are able to change colour reversibly from black to bright blue (Veron 1974, Key & Day 1954a, b;). Veron (1974) suggested the dark phase in Austrolestes assisted in thermoregulation at low temperatures but could not explain the bright phase. In Kosciuscola, this colour change is known to be controlled by changes in temperature (Key & Day 1954a, b; Figure 1), though its function remains unknown. Because this colour change is limited to one sex, it is possible that this trait may be under sexual selection. This hypothesis has so far not been tested. The aim of this project is to test the hypothesis that colour change of male K. tristis is a sexual signal. Bright males may gain a fitness advantage by being prefered by females or through detering rivals.
Three studies to date have focused on this unique temperature regulated colour change mechanism, most strikingly seen in male K. tristis (Filshie et al. 1975; Key & Day 1954a, b). Filshie et al. (1975) showed that colour change in male K. tristis is via an intracellular granule migration. Our intracellular images of female K. tristis show the same granule migration (Figure 2 in appendix) but further data suggest a masking pigment in the female cuticle that seems lacking in the male (Umbers unpbl). A male's colour rapidly changes from black below 10ºC to bright blue above 25ºC (Key & Day, 1954b; Umbers unpbl.). The reversal of this colour change is remarkably slower, up to five hours (Umbers unpbl.). Key and Day (1954b) suggested that this colour change offers a thermoregulatory advantage, by allowing foraging and mate-searching outside optimal temperatures. Our preliminary data show that the bright colour of K. tristis does not reduce heat loading whatsoever (Umbers unpbl.) as suggested previously (Key & Day 1954a, b). Surprisingly, no one has yet proposed a sexual signalling function for this colour change.
The objective of this project is to test if the colour blue and the ability to change from black to bright blue is a sexual signal in the chameleon grasshopper, K. tristis. This overall aim consists of the following hypotheses:
We will address these objectives using a combination of colour analyses, field observations and manipulative field and laboratory experiments.
Filshie B. K., Day M. F. & Mercer E. H. (1975) Colour and colour change in the grasshopper, Kosciuscola tristis Journal of Insect Physiology 21 _PHONE_
Key K. H. L. & Day M. F. (1954a) A temperature controlled physiological colour response in the grasshopper Kosciuscola tristis (Sjost) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) Australian Journal of Zoology 2 (3) 309-339
Key K. H. L. & Day M. F. (1954b) The physiological mechanism of colour change in the grasshopper Kosciuscola tristis (Sjost) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) Journal of Australian Zoology 2 (3) 340-363
Veron J. E. N. (1974) The role of physiological change in the thermoregulation of Austrolestes annulosus (Selys) (Odonata) Australian Journal of Zoology 22 457-69


--> Setting up a co-optation program in your company - HR News
Setting up a co-optation program in your company
Deux collègues souriants
Co-optation program or co-option is on the rise in French companies. According to the Sourcing Cadres barometer carried out by APEC (2019), employee co-optation represented the 4ᵉ channel for hiring executives in 2018. It has to be said that this scheme does not lack advantages. Here are our recommendations for setting up a co-option program in your company.
Co-optation, definition
Let's start by defining the concept of co-optation. It is a recruitment method that allows employees of a company to recommend someone they know for a specific position. The person co-opted can be from the employee's personal or professional network.
Also called "participative recruitment", co-optation allows companies to obtain qualified people at a lower cost.
What is the difference between referral and co-optation?
There is a major difference between these two concepts.
allows a person to obtain a job thanks to the support of an acquaintance with a contact in the company. Co-optation, on the other hand, is more fair play. It involves studying a candidate's CV and then comparing their skills with other applicants.
In other words, before considering a co-opted candidate, the company always ensures that he/she has the skills required for the job. This recruitment by recommendation allows the HR function to identify qualified profiles more easily. Indeed, in the context of a co-optation, the co-opter guarantees the skills of the co-optee. This question of qualifications and skills is completely absent from the principle of referral, which is characterised by an important emotional dimension.
What are the advantages of a co-optation program?
Co-option is effective. At least, that is what many studies prove. According to the APEC Sourcing Cadres barometer cited above, "48% of companies that used employee co-optation to recruit an executive hired someone they knew or recommended.
This success can be explained by the multiple advantages of co-optation:
Co-optation makes it possible to get in touch with highly qualified profiles that may be difficult to reach. By using the network of its employees, the company saves a lot of time: it no longer has to approach attractive candidates. The sourcing work is then done by the employees.
Co-optation also allows access to the "grey zone", i.e. candidates who are not actively looking for a job, but who remain open to opportunities.
Co-optation saves recruiters time. It gives primacy to expert profiles recognised by their peers.
According to a Jobvite study (2012), recruitment by co-optation takes 29 days on average, compared to 39 days for job boards.
Speed also means efficiency. Again according to this study, 47% of co-opted people were still working in the company three years later – compared to 14% for candidates from a job board.
Co-optation helps to strengthen the feeling of belonging among employees and to value them. More than just employees, they become true ambassadors, ready to defend the company's projects, values and culture.
Setting up a co-optation program
As you can see, co-optation is good for your business. But how do you ensure that it is implemented correctly?
Provide a framework
This is a basic piece of advice that applies to any new scheme set up in a company. To avoid any deviation and to implement a rigorous co-optation program, you need to define a clear framework. Who can and cannot be recommended by your employees? Which positions are open for co-optation? Set rules, which reflect your company's values.
Define a clear and structured process
Also try to set up a clear and structured co-optation process. Your employees need to know who to talk to when they want to recommend someone, what tool to use to register the recommendation and to monitor the process.
Motivate and reward employees who coopt
Motivate your staff with incentives. Of course, the commitment of your employees and their goodwill might be enough to get them to adopt this scheme in the first place… But for co-optation to become a reflex for your employees, it is essential to motivate them – and thank them for their efforts, with a co-optation bonus for example, or even bonuses.
At Capgemini, for example, the co-optation bonus varies between 1,200 euros (for the co-optation of a junior profile) and 2,000 euros (for the co-option of a more experienced candidate).
Do not hesitate to be inventive, by proposing competitions or challenges, which would reward the employees who have made the most co-optations over a given period of time…
Valuing co-optation within the company
It is also important to make the most of the co-optation system within your organisation. Your teams must understand all the issues and benefits of this recruitment method. Because they are part of the company, employees are in the best position to recommend profiles. They know the company's commitment, mission and culture, and are therefore perfectly capable of assessing the relevance of a candidate for a given position.
Also remember to alert your troops when a strategic position opens up. Communicate transparently about the talent shortages you are experiencing. In short: rally your employees around your recruitment challenges. If your employees are engaged, they should care!
Equip yourself with software
Think about getting dedicated co-optation software. Today, many solutions such as Social Referral allow you to automate your cooptation process by integrating seamlessly with your ATS.
Co-optation program, points to watch out for
Co-optation can be beneficial in many ways, but it should not be used as a systematic means of recruitment. The reason is simple: diversity and co-optation are not very compatible. Indeed, how can you ensure an inclusive and equal opportunity recruitment system if you only use your employees' network to recruit?
The main limitation of co-optation is obvious. It is a system that gives primacy to the network of its employees. In other words, their former colleagues, classmates, relatives and acquaintances… Identical circles, in short, who share the same training, the same experiences… Beware, therefore, of the culture of the "entre-soi", which is radically opposed to the principle of diversity.
Finally, you must make it clear to your teams that there is a substantial difference between cooptation and referral. Also, make sure that you integrate the recommended candidate into the normal recruitment process. All applicants must be examined in the same way (otherwise, it is no longer a recommendation, but referral!)
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This item is available under a Creative Commons License for non-commercial use only
2.3 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
As in-stent restenosis following coronary stent deployment has been strongly linked with stent-induced arterial injury and altered vessel hemodynamics, the sequential numerical analysis of the mechanical and hemodynamic impact of stent deployment within a coronary artery is likely to provide an excellent indication of coronary stent performance. Despite this observation, very few numerical studies have considered both the mechanical and hemodynamic impact of stent deployment. In light of this observation, the aim of this research is to develop a robust numerical methodology for investigating the performance of balloon-expandable coronary stents in terms of their mechanical and hemodynamic impact within a coronary artery. The proposed methodology is divided into two stages. In the first stage, a numerical model of the stent is generated and a computational structural analysis is carried out to simulate its deployment within a coronary artery. In the second stage, the results of the structural analysis are used to generate a realistic model of the stented coronary lumen and a computational fluid dynamics analysis is carried out to simulate pulsatile blood flow within a coronary artery. Following the completion of the analyses, the mechanical impact of the stent is evaluated in terms of the stress distribution predicted within the artery whilst the hemodynamic impact of the stent is evaluated in terms of the wall shear stress distribution predicted upon the luminal surface of the artery. In order to demonstrate its application, the proposed numerical methodology was applied to six generic stents. Comparing the predicted performance of the generic stents revealed that strut thickness is likely to have a significant influence upon both the mechanical and hemodynamic impact of coronary stent deployment. Additionally, comparing the predicted performance of three of the investigated stents to the clinical performance of three comparable commercial stents, as reported in two large-scale clinical trials, revealed that that the proposed numerical methodology successfully identified the stents that resulted in higher rates of angiographic in-stent restenosis, late lumen loss and target-vessel revascularisation at short-term follow-up. In light of the conflicting requirements of coronary stent design, the proposed numerical methodology should prove useful in the design and optimisation of future coronary stents.
Martin, D. M. (2013) Sequential structural and fluid dynamics analysis of balloon-expandable coronary stents. Doctoral Thesis, Dublin Institute of Technology. doi:10.21427/D7G31Z

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


3-5 October 2015
Fairmont Queen Elizabeth
US/Eastern timezone
dnstap-whoami: one-legged exfiltration of resolver queries
4 Oct 2015, 17:00
St-Francois (Fairmont Queen Elizabeth)
Fairmont Queen Elizabeth
900 René-Lévesque Blvd W Montreal, QC H3B 4A5 Canada
Lightning Presentations Public Workshop: Resolvers Track
Robert Edmonds (Farsight Security, Inc.)
A few existing "whoami" or "dnsecho" authoritative DNS services allow for limited extraction of information about the resolver to the original client that would normally be hidden. For example, querying an anycasted resolver like with the command "dig @ whoami.akamai.net" will return an address record revealing a unicast initiator address used by the anycast service. This is "one-legged", because the original client only has visibility into the stub/recursive "leg" of the DNS interaction. The DNS-OARC porttest tool is another example of a "one-legged" service. Similarly, many DNS research projects use special purpose zones with instrumented nameservers which capture incoming query packets for analysis. For example, scans for open recursive DNS servers typically control both the stub/recursive "leg" and the recursive/authoritative "leg" and are thus "two-legged". This requires a more heavyweight investment but results in a richer set of data. This talk will demonstrate an enhanced "whoami" authoritative DNS server that can exfiltrate more detailed information about the recursive/authoritative interaction to the original client, including the complete resolver query packet sent to the authoritative server, using the dnstap format to compactly tunnel structured information which can be decoded by the original client.
Primary author
Robert Edmonds (Farsight Security, Inc.)
Presentation Materials


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The confluence of the St. Lawrence Estuary and the Saguenay River, where the waters of the Great Lakes, the Saguenay basin and the Atlantic Ocean meet, is recognized as an ecologically exceptional region.
The oceanographic conditions that occur at the confluence of the Saguenay encourage the emergence of life and the concentration of species at the bottom of the food chain.
The uneven underwater topography, the estuarine circulation and the regular upwelling of cold water make it a very distinctive region. The upwelling of cold water at the head of the Laurentian channel is the most important oceanographic process of the Marine Park. This phenomenon brings nutrients and zooplankton to the surface and encourages the water's oxygenation. The upwelling of cold water following the rhythm of the tides somewhat acts as the heart and lungs of the Marine Park.
The abundance of food in the Marine Park's ecosystems attracts many species of birds, whales and seals. As well, numerous types of algae, benthic animals and fish have been observed in the Marine Park. Together, these species form a complex food chain supporting the significant biodiversity present in the Marine Park.


Archive for September 25th, 2014|Daily archive page
In Uncategorized on September 25, 2014 at 12:15 pm
US History
Bell Ringer:
Answer the following question about the WWII propaganda poster:
What did the government hope the audience of this poster would do?
Whole Group
1. WWII Minority Web Ch 11 Sec 2
2. Discuss findings
Small Groups
3. Minority Docs and Analysis sheets
4. Reader's Theater Assign
World History
Bell Ringer:
Complete Ch 3 VOC with terms Phoenicians, alphabet and colony.
1. Work on VOC
2. Phoenician Notes
3. Mind Your C's and Q's "Sugar Love"


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Mission, Shared Values and Code of Ethics
- Our mission is to plan, deliver, operate and maintain a transportation system that is safe, enables easy movement of people and goods, enhances the economy and improves our quality of life.
Shared Values in Public Service
- Be responsive to customer needs, consider what the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) does in terms of how it benefits our customers, and treat customers with respect, courtesy and fairness.
- Commit to safety and continuous improvement in everything we do, learning from mistakes and successes alike.
- Trust, respect, support and encourage each other.
- Respect and protect the public investment.
- Make decisions based on facts and sound judgment and accept accountability for our actions.
- Strengthen our expertise in using information, tools, and technology to achieve high performance and stay on the cutting edge.
- Think ahead, acting and planning creatively for today and tomorrow.
Code of Ethics
As an employee of the Commonwealth of Virginia and its Department of Transportation, I will:
- Commit to be a trusted steward of public resources
- Act with integrity in all relationships and actions in the work environment
- Abide by Virginia's Standards of Conduct for employees
- Not engage in conflicts of interest between my private interest and my professional role
- Not use public resources for personal gain
- Not accept or give gifts in violation of the State and Local Government Conflict of Interests Act
- Not knowingly make a false or fraudulent statement
- Not knowingly conduct or condone any illegal or improper activity
Page last modified: Nov. 1, 2019


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Schmallenberg virus detected in bovines in Denmark
In May 2012, the new animal disease, Schmallenberg (SBV), has been detected in Danish bovines. Antibodies against SBV have been detected in adult bovines, and virus has been detected in a single calf born with malformations.
Virus detected in vectors in Denmark
The new animal disease, Schmallenberg virus (SBV), has been detected in vectors in Denmark. The vectors are Culicoides midges that were collected in October 2011.
The disease affects cattle, sheep and goats, where the disease may lead to congenital malformations.
About the virus
The Schmallenberg virus is a new virus named after the location (Schmallenberg in Germany) where it was first identified. Information on its genome suggests that it is part of the Simbu serogroup of the Bunyaviridae family, genus Orthobunyavirus.
Viruses belonging to that group are mostly found in ruminants in Asia, Australia, Africa and the Middle East (Israel). The viruses are mainly transmitted by mosquitoes (Culicidae) or midges (Culicoides). Direct transmission from animal to animal has not been demonstrated except transplacental from a viremic dam to the foetus.
Milk and meat products do not pose any risk of disease transmission.
Investigations in Danish holdings
Surveillance for SBV has been ongoing in Denmark during the spring 2012. The aim of the surveillance was to obtain information about the presence of SBV in Danish ruminants. In total, 61 newborn animals with malformations were tested for SBV in the period March-May 2012. Of these, one calf tested positive.
Public health risk
Based on all available information, experts conclude that the transmission of the virus to humans cannot be excluded but is highly unlikely.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Using 'varip' variables [PineCoders]
The new varip keyword in Pine can be used to declare variables that escape the rollback process, which is explained in the Pine User Manual's page on the execution model. This publication explains how Pine coders can use variables declared with varip to implement logic that was impossible to code in Pine before, such as timing events during the realtime bar, or keeping track of sequences of events that occur during successive realtime updates. We present code that allows you to calculate for how much time a given condition is true during a realtime bar, and show how this can be used to generate alerts.
1. varip is an advanced feature which should only be used by coders already familiar with Pine's execution model and bar states.
2. Because varip only affects the behavior of your code in the realtime bar, it follows that backtest results on strategies built using logic based on varip will be meaningless,
 as varip behavior cannot be simulated on historical bars. This also entails that plots on historical bars will not be able to reproduce the script's behavior in realtime.
3. Authors publishing scripts that behave differently in realtime and on historical bars should imperatively explain this to traders.
Escaping the rollback process
Whereas scripts only execute once at the close of historical bars, when a script is running in realtime, it executes every time the chart's feed detects a price or volume update. At every realtime update, Pine's runtime normally resets the values of a script's variables to their last committed value, i.e., the value they held when the previous bar closed. This is generally handy, as each realtime script execution starts from a known state, which simplifies script logic.
Sometimes, however, script logic requires code to be able to save states between different executions in the realtime bar. Declaring variables with varip now makes that possible. The "ip" in varip stands for "intrabar persist".
Let's look at the following code, which does not use varip:
int updateNo = na
if barstate.isnew
 updateNo := 1
 updateNo := updateNo + 1
plot(updateNo, style = plot.style_circles)
On historical bars, barstate.isnew is always true, so the plot shows a value of "1". On realtime bars, barstate.isnew is only true when the script first executes on the bar's opening. The plot will then briefly display "1" until subsequent executions occur. On the next executions during the realtime bar, the second branch of the if statement is executed because barstate.isnew is no longer true. Since 'updateNo' is initialized to 'na' at each execution, the 'updateNo + 1' expression yields 'na', so nothing is plotted on further realtime executions of the script.
If we now use varip to declare the 'updateNo' variable, the script behaves very differently:
varip int updateNo = na
if barstate.isnew
 updateNo := 1
 updateNo := updateNo + 1
plot(updateNo, style = plot.style_circles)
The difference now is that 'updateNo' tracks the number of realtime updates that occur on each realtime bar. This can happen because the varip declaration allows the value of 'updateNo' to be preserved between realtime updates; it is no longer rolled back at each realtime execution of the script. The test on barstate.isnew allows us to reset the update count when a new realtime bar comes in.
Let's move on to our script. It has three parts:
 — Part 1 demonstrates how to generate alerts on timed conditions.
 — Part 2 calculates the average of realtime update prices using a varip array.
 — Part 3 presents a function to calculate the up/down/neutral volume by looking at price and volume variations between realtime bar updates.
Something we could not do in Pine before varip was to time the duration for which a condition is continuously true in the realtime bar. This was not possible because we could not save the beginning time of the first occurrence of the true condition.
One use case for this is a strategy where the system modeler wants to exit before the end of the realtime bar, but only if the exit condition occurs for a specific amount of time. One can thus design a strategy running on a 1H timeframe but able to exit if the exit condition persists for 15 minutes, for example. REMINDER: Using such logic in strategies will make backtesting their complete logic impossible, and backtest results useless, as historical behavior will not match the strategy's behavior in realtime, just as using 'calc_on_every_tick = true' will do. Using 'calc_on_every_tick = true' is necessary, by the way, when using varip in a strategy, as you want the strategy to run like a study in realtime, i.e., executing on each price or volume update.
Our script presents an 'f_secondsSince(_cond, _resetCond)' function to calculate the time for which a condition is continuously true during, or even across multiple realtime bars. It only works in realtime. The abundant comments in the script hopefully provide enough information to understand the details of what it's doing. If you have questions, feel free to ask in the Comments section.
The script's inputs allow you to:
 - Specify the number of seconds the tested conditions must last before an alert is triggered (the default is 20 seconds).
 - Determine if you want the duration to reset on new realtime bars.
 - Require the direction of alerts (up or down) to alternate, which minimizes the number of alerts the script generates.
The inputs showcase the new 'tooltip' parameter, which allows additional information to be displayed for each input by hovering over the "i" icon next to it.
The script only displays useful information on realtime bars. This information includes:
 - The MA against which the current price is compared to determine the bull or bear conditions.
 - A dash which prints on the chart when the bull or bear condition is true.
 - An up or down triangle that prints when an alert is generated. The triangle will only appear on the update where the alert is triggered,
 and unless that happens to be on the last execution of the realtime bar, it will not persist on the chart.
 - The log of all triggered alerts to the right of the realtime bar.
 - A gray square on top of the elapsed realtime bars where one or more alerts were generated. The square's tooltip displays the alert log for that bar.
 - A yellow dot corresponding to the average price of all realtime bar updates, which is calculated using a varip array in "Part 2" of the script.
 - Various key values in the Data Window for each parts of the script.
Note that the directional volume information calculated in Part 3 of the script is not plotted on the chart—only in the Data Window.
Using the script
You can try running the script on an open market with a 30sec timeframe. Because the default settings reset the duration on new realtime bars and require a 20 second delay, a reasonable amount of alerts will trigger.
Creating an alert on the script
You can create a script alert on the script. Keep in mind that when you create an alert from this script, the duration calculated by the instance of the script running the alert will not necessarily match that of the instance running on your chart, as both started their calculations at different times. Note that we use alert.freq_all in our alert() calls, so that alerts will trigger on all instances where the associated condition is met. If your alert is being paused because it reaches the maximum of 15 triggers in 3 minutes, you can configure the script's inputs so that up/down alerts must alternate. Also keep in mind that alerts run a distinct instance of your script on different servers, so discrepancies between the behavior of scripts running on charts and alerts can occur, especially if they trigger very often.
Events detected in realtime using variables declared with varip can be transient and not leave visible traces at the close of the realtime bar, as is the case with our script, which can trigger multiple alerts during the same realtime bar, when the script's inputs allow for this. In such cases, elapsed realtime bars will be of no use in detecting past realtime bar events unless dedicated code is used to save traces of events, as we do with our alert log in this script, which we display as a tooltip on elapsed realtime bars.
Realtime updates
We have no control over when realtime updates occur. A realtime bar can open, and then no realtime updates can occur until the open of the next realtime bar. The time between updates can vary considerably.
Past values
There is no mechanism to refer to past values of a varip variable across realtime executions in the same bar. Using the history-referencing operator will, as usual, return the variable's committed value on previous bars. If you want to preserve past values of a varip variable, they must be saved in other variables or in an array.
Resetting variables
Because varip variables not only preserve their values across realtime updates, but also across bars, you will typically need to plan conditions that will at some point reset their values to a known state. Testing on barstate.isnew, as we do, is a good way to achieve that.
The fact that a script uses varip does not make it necessarily repainting. A script could conceivably use varip to calculate values saved when the realtime bar closes, and then use confirmed values of those calculations from the previous bar to trigger alerts or display plots, avoiding repaint.
timenow resolution
Although the variable is expressed in milliseconds it has an actual resolution of seconds, so it only increments in multiples of 100


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150 Years Ago Today in the Civil War: Battle of Philippi
Posted by Diane
This June 3, 1861, battle, which resulted in a Union victory, was part of a campaign by Maj. Gen. George McClellan, then commander of the Department of Ohio, to protect mostly pro-Union western Virginia and secure railroad bridges.
What may be the first battlefield amputations were performed on the Confederate side. Horrible as it was, this common battlefield surgery, which generally took about 15 minutes, saved many lives, according to Michael O. Varhola in the book Life in Civil War America.
One of the patients was 18-year-old James E. Hanger, who lost his leg. After returning home, he crafted an artificial leg from barrel staves with a hinge at the knee. He was commissioned to manufacture prosthetic limbs for other wounded soldiers and patented his device. He founded what is now the Hanger Orthopedic Group, still a leading manufacturer of artificial limbs.
Civil War | Genealogy books
Friday, June 03, 2011 9:52:20 AM (Eastern Daylight Time, UTC-04:00)


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Size and Support Effect for Geometric and Electronic Structure of Size-selected Pt Clusters on TiO2(110) and Al2O3/NiAl (110)
We investigated deposited size-selected Ptn (n = 4–15) clusters supported on the TiO2(110) substrate. We have attempted to highlight the cluster–substrate interactions and their knock-on effects. Accordingly, we deposited size-selected Ptn clusters on the Al2O3/NiAl(110) surface and investigated their structure, energy, and catalytic behavior.
Ptn clusters on TiO2(110) surface show a geometrical transition from a planar structure to a 3D structure was observed when the cluster size increased to 8 Pt atoms. We found the corresponding significant decrease in the activation energy of CO oxidation.
STM/STS measurements of size-selected Pt7 clusters on a thin Al2O3/NiAl(110) were performed. No difference in distribution of the heights and diameters between Pt7 clusters on domain and on domain boundary. Pt7 clusters prefer to adsorb on domain boundaries. Resonant tunneling through discrete electronic states in Pt7 clusters were observed around 2 V.


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||This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2007)|
Tereré (of Guaraní origin) is an infusion of yerba mate (in Spanish) / erva-mate (in Portuguese), similar to mate but prepared with cold water rather than with hot, and in a slightly larger vessel. It is originally from Paraguay, and is found also in northeastern Argentina and southern and western Brazil. When hot (mate), the Guaraní people call this infusion ka'ay, where ka'a means herb and y means water. The scientific name of yerba mate is Ilex paraguariensis.
The vast majority of people in Paraguay take their tereré with water-infused herbs such as mint "menta-i" or lemongrass. When not prepared with plain cold water, citrus fruit juices are usually used, although this practice varies depending on the region. While mixing fruit juices with tereré is common in northeastern Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay, Lime and orange juices are used in Argentina and Paraguay; lime and pineapple juice are more common in Brazil. Tereré taken with juice is commonly called "tereré ruso" (i.e., Russian Tereré) because this practice is more common with Slavic immigrants in the southeast of Paraguay and northeast of Argentina, than with Spanishand Guaraní-speaking Paraguayan people.
In some parts of Argentina, tereré is seen as a lesser form of mate, and its drinking hardly ever follows the traditional drinking mate ritual. In Paraguay, by contrast, tereré is considered preferable to mate on a hot day.
First invented by the Guaraní (Guarani, in Portuguese language) natives who lived in Paraguay and western Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul) territory that used to belong to Paraguay before the war of the Triple Alliance, Tereré was spread by the dwellers of that region, and for centuries was a social beverage. People usually prepare one jar of natural water and a "guampa" (Spanish) / "cuia" (Portuguese) with a "bombilla" (Spanish) / "bomba" (Portuguese) which is shared among the group of people. Since Paraguay and Mato Grosso do Sul have a very hot climate, this drink is excellent to refresh the body and can be considered a very low-calorie, non-alcoholic beverage. Additionally, it is an important ritual signifying trust and communion.
Guampas/Cuias are gourds that can be made from animal horns, usually made from ox horns. The new cuia or the one not used for some time needs to be watered before use, because the lower part of the cuia is usually capped with a round piece of leather. By filling the cuia with water the leather expands, covering all leaks in the cuia. Many cuias are capped using a wooden cork as well. Cuias are also made from wood and covered in leather or steel. In a pinch a simple drinking cup can serve as a cuia.
Bombillas/Bombas are metal straws with a filter at the end. Erva-mate/Yerba is placed at the bottom of the cuia, and as water is added the bomba drinks from the cuia the clear green liquid.
Tereré in Paraguay and Brazil
Tereré is a typical drink from Paraguay and certain regions of Brazil. It is very popular among young and old people. It is common to see students going to school with a guampa and their thermos underneath their arms filled with plenty of ice and water, for summer temperatures can reach 40° to 45°C (104° to 113°F).
See also
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Tereré|


Time machine for Java
5 minute read
This article describes a tool developed to support unit-testing of time-dependent logic in Java applications. Originally it has been written for Devexperts' blog.
It is not always simple to write unit tests for time-dependent functionality. In straightforward situations simply replacing a method which returns the current time with a custom implementation will work. However, it is not enough for real programs testing. Let's try to understand why such solutions do not work and what do we really want in order to test time-dependent logic.
Here is a simple method counting the number of days before the end of the world:
fun daysBeforeDoom() {
 return doomTime - System.currentTimeMillis()) / millisInDay
Replacing all invocations of System.currentTimeMillis() with either an existing tools (one, two) or by writing a system specific code transformer using ASM or AspectJ framework will often suffice.
However, there are other cases where this approach is insufficient. Imagine we want our code to wake up each day and display " days left until the doomsday" as in the following code snippet.
while (true) {
 println("${daysBeforeDoom()} days left till the doomsday)
How can we test this code? How do we assert that it is invoked every day and that it displays the correct message? Using the simple approach described above and replacing System.currentTimeMillis() only allows us to test the correctness of the message. However, we would need to wait for a whole day to test it.
This way, it is practically impossible to test such code without additional tools. Let's try to create one!
Currently we have two methods that return the current time: System.currentTimeMillis() and System.nanoTime(). We also have several time-dependent methods that wait for an event with an optional timeout: Thread.sleep(..), Object.wait(..), and LockSupport.park(..).
In order to manage time, we want to create a new method increaseTime(..) which can change the current time and wake up waiting threads by virtual timeout.
To enable this, all of the existing time-dependent methods are need to be replaced with custom implementations. Let's see how this may work.
Test example:
You might have noticed that this test creates a potential race condition between our check message and the actual time it takes to complete the print operation. Of course, one approach is to add a pause.
Repaired test:
Thread.sleep(500 /*ms*/)
In regular practice, this test will almost always work but it is not guaranteed that checkMessage() is invoked after the message is printed. This can occur due to the complexity of the test logic or simply having the code executed on an overcommitted server. You might be tempted to increase the timeout but this makes the tests slower and still offers no guarantee of correctness.
Instead we need a special method that waits until all woken up threads have been completed.
Test we would like to write:
waitUntilThreadsAreFrozen(1_000/*ms, timeout*/)
The inherent challenge is that we want to support all time-dependent methods during testing, but we also want a waitUntilThreadsAreFrozen(..) method and it is not simple to support both.
Working at Devexperts I have developed time-test tool for testing time-dependent logic. Let's look at how it works.
Time-test is implemented as a Java agent. To utilize it you should add javaagent:timetest.jar and include it in the classpath. The tool transforms byte-code and replaces all time-dependent method invocations with our specific implementations. However, writing a good java agent sometimes is not simple so I have developed a JAgent framework at Devexperts to simplify java agents development.
When creating your time dependent tests you should enable TestTimeProvider. It implements all required time-dependent methods (System.currentTimeMillis(), Thread.sleep(..), Object.wait(..), LockSupport.park(..), …) and overrides their default implementations. In most tests, you do not need to actually manage the underyling time so the tool internally continues to utilize the default time-dependent methods wrapped inside the overloaded method. After starting TestTimeProvider you can use the TestTimeProvider.setTime(..), TestTimeProvider.increaseTime(..) and TestTimeProvider.waitUntilThreadsAreFrozen(..) methods.
long timeMillis();
long nanoTime();
void sleep(long millis) throws InterruptedException;
void sleep(long millis, int nanos) throws InterruptedException;
void waitOn(Object monitor, long millis) throws InterruptedException;
void waitOn(Object monitor, long millis, int nanos) throws InterruptedException;
void notifyAll(Object monitor);
void notify(Object monitor);
void park(boolean isAbsolute, long time);
void unpark(Object thread);
As previously described, the primary challenge of the TestTimeProvider implementation is supporting both the time-dependent methods along side the additional waitUntilThreadsAreFrozen(..) method. Thus on every time change all required threads are marked as resumed and only then are woken up. At the same time, waitUntilThreadsAreFrozen(..) waits until all threads are in the waiting state and none of them are marked as resumed. With this approach threads wake up, reset their resumed mark, perform their task and then return to a waiting state before waitUntilThreadsAreFrozen(..) recognize them as complete.
Test with TestTimeProvider:
public void setup() {
 // Use TestTimeProvider for this test
 TestTimeProvider.start(/* initial time could be passed here */);
public void reset() {
 // Reset time provider to default after the test execution
public void test() {
 TestTimeProvider.increaseTime(60_000 /*ms*/);
 TestTimeProvider.waitUntilThreadsAreFrozen(1_000 /*ms*/);
There is another complexity with the time virtualization. The described approach works well if you need to control the time among the whole JVM. However, you usually want to make it possible not to affect testing library (e.g. JUnit) work, GC thread and other not related to your testing code things. Therefore, you need to understand if you are executing in the testing code to decide must you virtualize time here or not. For this purpose, time-test have to know entry points to the testing code (usually, test classes). After that, time-test traces new threads starts and marks them as ours too, which means that the virtual time should be used for them. However, there are some problems if you use shared scheduler like ForkJoinPool because it is started not from the testing code. In order to work with such constructions as well, the definition of entry points has to be expanded.
I think now you understand that it is not simple to test time-dependant functionality and hope that the time-test tool will make your life easier. The tool is open-sourced and available on GitHub.


text:
Technical Specifications & Guarantees
Applied R&D&I for Responsible Installations
CAON®-KORWI® Silicone Covers have been developed as a protective measure against bird electrocution on overhead electric distribution and transport lines with a maximum voltage Um between 15kV and up to 66kV (depending on the model), offering a Phase-Earth dielectric rigidity value of Um/√3.
These devices are designed to be installed on existing lines and on those in which our Bird Protection Insulators models C3670EBAV_AR, _PHONE_ and _PHONE_ cannot be installed.
The aim of these devices is to protect birds from electrocution caused by the bird contacting a conductor and support at the same time, and by the bird contacting two conductors at the same time. These devices are equally effective at protecting overhead lines against other causes of short circuits, such as those caused by tree branches, vandalism, etcetera, avoiding the risk of a fire and electrical service interruptions.
MANUFACTURED WITH >> SPECIFIC ADVANCED FORMULATION SILICONE (Pg. 75) WITH A HYDROPHOBICITY LEVEL of Hc2. Due to their composition and nature they repel the build-up of moisture and are permeable to Oxygen. These devices have a minimum silicone thickness of 3 to 3.5mm (depending on the model), ensuring excellent performance under exposure to UV radiation, with no colour degradation or crystallisation, and they are effective even in areas with extremely high saline pollution. Thanks to their advanced technology, our covers show Lower Leakage Currents, thanks to the hydrophobic properties they transmit to the contaminant layer.
- GUARANTEE: Our Silicone is Ozone Resistant (UNE EN 60811-403) and thanks to its advanced formulation it can improve its dielectric strength (Pg. 75) after passing the 1000h Weathering Test – UNE EN 60243-1. In addition, the 5 000h Weathering Tests, -IEC 6119 Annex C-, performed at the STRI (Sweden) Laboratory – which include the harmful effects of Saline Fog – allow us to estimate the service life of our covers at a minimum of 20 years.
- ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND SUSTAINABLE: The material used to manufacture the covers is a safe inert material, containing no microbial agents and giving off no contaminants to the surrounding environment. It can be easily recycled at the nearest waste collection point. The packaging is made with recycled carton sealed with organic paper adhesive tape.


Books tagged: medical anthropology
Found 3 results
Cardboard: A woman left for dead
Closer to the Imminent Human Truth
Price: Free! Words: 1,640. Language: English. Published: September 3, 2010. Category: Nonfiction » Philosophy » New age philosophy
In North America, there are an estimated 800,000 kids with autism. While traditional science has identified them as disordered and incurable, I think they have woefully misunderstood the significance of their wonderful presence. It has to do with advanced technology and machines.
Water Culture in South Asia: Bangladesh Perspectives
By,,,, &
Price: $9.99 USD. Words: 60,150. Language: English. Published: October 1, 2014. Category: Nonfiction » Social Science » Anthropology / Cultural
"Water is life" in Bangladesh. Based on five researchers' long-term involvement with water development programs, this book introduces the reader to the vast range of meanings that water has in this South Asian country, where village women struggle daily for access to safe supplies. Mythology, ancient sciences, folklore, and language provide a cultural foundation for water's uses in the home.


Johan Vromans > OpenOffice-Wordlist-0.04 > OpenOffice::Wordlist
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Module Version: 0.04 Source
OpenOffice::Wordlist - Read/write wordlists
This module allows reading and writing of wordlists (dictionaries).
For example:
 use OpenOffice::Wordlist;
 my $dict = OpenOffice::Wordlist->new;
 # Print all words.
 foreach my $word ( @{ $dict->words } ) {
 print $word, "\n";
 # Add some words.
 $dict->append( "openoffice", "great" );
 # Write a new dictionary.
When used as a program this module will read all dictionaries given on the command line and write the resultant list of words to standard output. For example,
 $ perl OpenOffice/ standard.dic
$dict = new( [ type => 'WDSWG6', language => 2057, neg => 0 ] )
Creates a new dict object.
Optional arguments:
type => 'WBSWG6' or 'WBSWG2' or 'WBSWG5'.
'WBSWG6' (default) indicates a UTF-8 encoded dictionary, the others indicate a ISO-8859.1 encoded dictionary.
language => code
The code for the language. I assume there's an extensive list of these codes somewhere. Some values determined experimentally:
 255 All
 1031 German (Germany)
 1036 French (France)
 1043 Dutch (Netherlands)
 2047 English UK
 2057 English USA
neg => 0 or 1
Whether the dictionary contains exceptions (neg = 1) or regular words (neg = 0).
If language and neg are not specified they are taken from the first file read, if any.
$dict->read( $file )
Reads the contents of the indicated file.
$dict->append( _USER_ )
Append a list of words to the dictionary. To avoid unpleasant surprises, the words must be encoded in Perl's internal encoding.
The arguments may be constant strings or references to lists of strings.
Returns a reference to the list of words in the dictionary,
The words are encoded in Perl's internal encoding.
$dict->write( $file [, $type ] )
Writes the contents of the object to a new dictionary.
Arguments: The name of the file to be written, and (optionally) the type of the file to be written (one of 'WBSWG6', 'WBSWG5', 'WBSWG2') overriding the type of the dictionary as establised at create time.
This example reads all dictionaries that are supplied on the command file, merges them, and writes a new dictionary.
 my $dict = OpenOffice::Wordlist->new( type => 'WBSWG6' );
 $dict->read( shift );
 foreach ( _USER_ ) {
 my $extra = OpenOffice::Wordlist->new->read($_);
 $dict->append( $extra->words );
Settings like the language and exceptions are copied from the file that is initially read.
Johan Vromans,
There's currently no checking done on dictionary types arguments.
Please report any bugs or feature requests to bug-openoffice-wordlist at, or through the web interface at I will be notified, and then you'll automatically be notified of progress on your bug as I make changes.
You can find documentation for this module with the perldoc command.
 perldoc OpenOffice::Wordlist
You can also look for information at:
Copyright 2010 Johan Vromans, all rights reserved.
syntax highlighting:


Business challenges
Business challenges
Risk Assessment and Mitigation
Transportation network design always has a measure of risk.
Risk assessment allows you to estimate your transportation network's ability to resist unique events (risk) and your design's ability to recover after a disruption.
There is a clear trade-off between transportation system efficiency and resilience. As your transportation network becomes more efficient, it also becomes less resilient. If you use a lean approach to improve your network's efficiency, an unexpected change such as an increase or reduction in demand could destroy it. However, if you invest too much into risk mitigation, the cost of these improvements could reduce your competitiveness.
Whatever approach you take, the process you use to design your transportation network must evaluate how uncertainty could influence it. It also needs to help you understand how you can mitigate these risks.
 Address Your Risk Management Challenges.
 Veeroute allows you to test how different types of risk may affect your transportation network and understand how you could improve its design:
 - Learn how your transportation network reacts to uncertainty and identify which events could destroy it
 - Evaluate your network's resilience – how well it performs after a disruption – and estimate the time it will take to recover
 - Stress test your transportation network to understand its strengths and limitations
 - Design your transportation logistics to find the right balance of reliability and efficiency


text:
Wisconsin Surpasses its DOE-Backed Home Energy Efficiency Goal
January 11, 2012
DOE announced on January 6 that the state of Wisconsin has surpassed its energy efficiency goal established with the agency under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. Through its weatherization program, the state has helped more than 30,500 Wisconsin households improve the energy efficiency of their homes over the last three years, saving the average household more than $400 a year on its energy utility bills.
Of the 30,500 homes weatherized in Wisconsin, more than 21,600 were upgraded through the Recovery Act, surpassing the state's goal of 20,600 homes. Wisconsin's progress was an important part of the DOE's program nationally, which has completed upgrades on more than 750,000 homes across the country over the past three years. Nationwide, this is expected to save more than $400 million in just the first year. The program has also helped train thousands of workers across the country and has spurred the demand for energy-efficient technologies and products.
While the Weatherization Assistance Program is limited to lower-income families, most families can save on their utility bills by taking some simple, affordable steps such as using more efficient light bulbs, sealing cracks around doors and windows, or using programmable thermostats. See the DOE press release, the list of homes weatherized by state, and the DOE Energy Savers website.


text:
- The act of wavering or of fluttering; flucuation; sudden
and brief increase of brightness; as, the last flicker of the dying
flame. - The golden-winged woodpecker (Colaptes aurutus); -- so
called from its spring note. Called also yellow-hammer, high-holder,
pigeon woodpecker, and yucca.
2. Flicker
[ v. i.]
- To flutter; to flap the wings without flying. - To waver unsteadily, like a flame in a current of air,
or when about to expire; as, the flickering light.


text:
Rating with Confidence: How Rating Scales Affect Future WOM Behavior
42 Pages Posted: 18 Sep 2013
Date Written: September 17, 2013
Firms collecting product ratings are able to choose the scale design (e.g., 2-pt vs. 5-pt scales) for consumers to provide rating scores. While previous research on survey methodology has studied the impact of scale design on measurement reliability and validity, there has been little work documenting the potential impact of this choice following the rating event. The present research argues that the rating scale may affect a rater's likelihood of engaging in subsequent word-of-mouth (WOM) behavior. Specifically, conducting four experiments, we show that participants' WOM intentions are higher after evaluating their consumption experience on a 5-point rating scale than on a 2-point rating scale. We introduce a new construct – "rating certainty" – which reflects a rater's certainty belief regarding her chosen rating score and which mediates the relationship between rating scale and WOM intentions.
Keywords: word-of-mouth, product ratings, scale design
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation


text:
A new technique has been developed by IBM that makes it possible to achieve 100,000dpi (dots per inch) printing.
The process, revealed by scientists at IBM Research in Zurich, creates dots that are 100 times smaller than a red blood cell and measure 60nm. Direct assembly is used by the printers which means every dot is extremely accurate in comparison to traditional printing methods which use a more random technique of distributing ink.
The new technique places nanoparticles on to the paper surface with a greater level of control. The research is hoped to help develop devices such as nano-wires, optical chips and medical biosensors.
The printing process was developed by Tobias Kraus, Heinz Schmid, Walter Reiss, Nicholas D. Spencer, Laurent Malaquin and Heiko Wolf and is described in further detail in a paper (_URL_ written by the IBM researchers.
The technique will not be able to be implemented commercially for several years.


The Beginning of the Backyard Mythology
There is the traditional backyard. It has a swing set. There are a couple of trees. There could be beautiful English gardens. There is possibly a patio made of fancy brick. There is a picnic table. There's a table with an umbrella. There's grass. There are sticks in the grass. There are bugs.
Then there is my backyard, full of lush mythology that is discovered on a daily basis. Stories told through cryptic symbols that have been left behind. And the questions continue to come:
How did the stone poodles end up in the White Shed? When did Venus have arms and how did she lose them? What has caused the anger of Medusa? Did Medusa and Hades work together in a conspiracy? Are Hera and Zeus protectors, or are they conspirators?
In the beginning, like most mythologies and religions, it was good. That goodness swept over from the love and protection of Zeus and Hera. Standing at the Gateway, they warn those who should enter and shun those who should not.
On the other side, however, Medusa and Hades bickered. They did not have a love, but shared a cruelty so awful, it showered onto the dirt causing it to transform. Soon, rocks covered the landscape, freezing Zeus and Hera's ability to bring beauty to the outdoors.
Fraught, Hera summoned Venus from Roman mythology and new her love would fight the coldness Medusa and Hades continued to hiss onto the Gardens. Before the Fall of Venus, gardens grew from the rocks, greenery so lush and plentiful.
This angered Medusa and Hades, but to their surprise, Venus was untouchable. With the help of Zeus, Guardian Poodles came to help Venus harvest protection of the Gardens.
In the beginning, the forces of good and evil were balanced out, and for many years that balance allowed both rocks and vegetation to live in harmony.


text:
Keywords: human capital, social capital, R&, D policy, evaluation methods
Scientific and technical human capital: an alternative model for research evaluation
We provide an alternative model for evaluating science and technology projects and programs. Our approach, a "scientific and technical human capital" (S&T human capital) model, gives less attention to the discrete products and immediate outcomes from scientific projects and programs - the usual focus of evaluations - and more attention to scientists' career trajectories and their sustained ability to contribute and enhance their capabilities. S&T human capital encompasses not only the individual human capital endowments but also researchers' tacit knowledge, craft knowledge, and know-how. S&T human capital further includes the social capital that scientists continually draw upon in creating knowledge - for knowledge creation is neither a solitary nor singular event. In sum, it is this expanded notion of human capital when paired with a productive social capital network that enables researchers to create and transform knowledge and ideas in ways that would not be possible without these resources. We review literature contributing to an S&T human capital model and consider some of the practical data and measurement issues entailed in implementing such an approach.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am trying to understand why the order of the stabilizer group of a body diagonal of a cube is 6 rather than 3. It is clear to me that rotations about that diagonal stabilize the diagonal, by definition, and the order of this group is 3 (including the identity). So that means there must be 3 other, non-identity, rotations that stabilize this diagonal. I am terrible at geometry and I cannot think of what these others would be. I don't think that any of the rotations about $i$, $j$, $k$ can stabilize the diagonal, and I can't see 3 elements of order 2 doing this either. But then there are no elements left to consider! I am confused.
share|improve this question
There is a "swap the poles" symmetry (180 degree rotation that swaps the two ends of the body diagonal), and if you allow reflections, the "inversion" should also work. (A good answer should have a picture too :-) – Jack Schmidt Oct 17 '12 at 19:29
have you considered rotary reflections? – user39280 Oct 17 '12 at 19:32
_USER_ and dado, does the "swap the poles" symmetry correspond to a "double-rotation" about the $i$, $j$, and $k$ axis (st order of these guys is 2)? Or am I misunderstanding you? – tacos_tacos_tacos Oct 17 '12 at 20:17
_USER_: $(i,j,k) \mapsto (-j,-i,-k)$ or $a\mathbf{i}+b\mathbf{j} +c\mathbf{k} \mapsto -b\mathbf{i}-a\mathbf{j}-c\mathbf{k}$ is the rotation in terms of the coordinates. The cube itself is all $(a,b,c)=a\mathbf{i}+b\mathbf{j} +c\mathbf{k}$ such that $|a| \leq 1$, $|b|\leq 1$, $|c|\leq 1$. I still think a good answer deserves a picture, but if no-one will post one, I'll write up the linear algebra version. – Jack Schmidt Oct 17 '12 at 23:38
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text:
Tuesday, December 14, 2010
Grand Exhibit Hall (Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center)
In surveying native pollinators, it is useful to know which traps are most effective in collecting both the highest possible diversity as well as the most individual specimens. Variations in trap type, elevation, and color all potentially play a role in the success of the sampling method. In the following study, four Georgia apple orchards were setup using the same 100mX100m plot design, which were then sampled routinely from March-October, 2010. Trap variations were identical for each site, and included color (UV-reactive yellow, UV-reactive blue, and white) as well as trap elevation (level and 3-foot elevated). When comparing trap colors for both vaneand pan-traps, yellow traps attracted the most pollinators overall. Specifically, the Andrenids and Sphecids almost exclusively preferred yellow, while Apids were drawn primarily to blue. Halictid numbers were divided relatively evenly between both yellow and blue. Dipteran pollinators were overwhelmingly drawn to yellow, though many calyptrate flies also frequented blue and white. Differences in trap height resulted in a far less species-specific variation in the number of specimens collected per trap than did color, but did ultimately produce marked differences in the total number of pollinators sampled. Level pan-traps consistently offered more specimens than elevated, though the color of the individual pan was a better guide to estimate potential pollinator sample loads. By and large, yellow vane-traps and level yellow pan-traps were the most effective in collecting the greatest abundance and diversity of native pollinators, however important exceptions did occur – principally in the family Apidae.


text:
Diphtheria toxin (DT) fusion proteins can selectively target malignant cells and induce cell death by a different mechanism than conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. Cytotoxic therapy with DT fusion proteins is a potential treatment option for relapsed/refractory cancers that are resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs. Due to the heterogeneity of chemical conjugates, the majority of DT fusion proteins used in clinical trials are recombinant DT fusion proteins. These consist of the catalytic and translocation domains of DT fused to tumor-selective ligands (single-chain antibody fragments [sFv], cytokines and growth factors). In this review, recent progress in DT fusion protein design and synthesis, clinical updates of DT fusion protein trials, and the challenges and perspectives for DT fusion proteins are discussed. Although DT fusion proteins have a unique mechanism of action toward tumor cells, their clinical use is limited by nonspecific cell toxicity, particularly endothelial damage. Immunogenicity also limits repeated dosing. New approaches to overcome these limitations are needed.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Pharmacology (medical)


Introduction to Nordic Cultures
Edited by Annika Lindskog and Jakob Stougaard-Nielsen
- +
ISBN: 9781787354012
Publication: April 17, 2020
Introduction to Nordic Cultures is an innovative, interdisciplinary introduction to Nordic history, cultures and societies from medieval times to today. The textbook spans the whole Nordic region, covering historical periods from the Viking Age to modern society, and engages with a range of subjects: from runic inscriptions on iron rings and stone monuments, via eighteenth-century scientists, Ibsen's dramas and turn-of-the-century travel, to twentieth-century health films and the welfare state, nature ideology, Greenlandic literature, Nordic Noir, migration, 'new' Scandinavians, and stereotypes of the Nordic.
The chapters provide fundamental knowledge and insights into the history and structures of Nordic societies, while constructing critical analyses around specific case studies that help build an informed picture of how societies grow and of the interplay between history, politics, culture, geography and people. Introduction to Nordic Cultures is a tool for understanding issues related to the Nordic region as a whole, offering the reader engaging and stimulating ways of discovering a variety of cultural expressions, historical developments and local preoccupations. The textbook is a valuable resource for undergraduate students of Scandinavian and Nordic studies, as well as students of European history, culture, literature and linguistics.
Annika Lindskog is Lecturer in Swedish in the UCL Department of Scandinavian Studies (SELCS), where her teaching spans language, cultural studies and cultural history in the Nordic region and beyond. She has published on a variety of topics including landscape ideology, collective identity and representations of north, with a particular focus on how classical music functions as a cultural expression in articles on Brahms, Frederick Delius, Stenhammar and others.
Jakob Stougaard-Nielsen is Associate Professor in Scandinavian Literature in the UCL Department of Scandinavian Studies (SELCS). His main areas of research and teaching are in literary and cultural studies. He is the author of Scandinavian Crime Fiction (Bloomsbury 2017) and has co-edited the books Translating the Literatures of Small European Nations (Liverpool UP 2019), Nordic Publishing and Book History (Scandinavia 2013) and World Literature, World Culture: History, Theory, Analysis (Aarhus UP 2008).
Editorial Introduction to Nordic Cultures
Annika Lindskog and Jakob Stougaard-Nielsen
Part I: Identities
1. Viking-Age Scandinavia: Identities, Communities and Kingdoms
Haki Antonsson
2. The North: Territory and Narrated Nature
Annika Lindskog
3. Narrating Nations: Iceland and Finland in Texts
Haki Antonsson and Annika Lindskog
4. Modern Experiences
Elettra Carbone and Jakob Stougaard-Nielsen
5. The Nordic Welfare Model
Mary Hilson
Part II: Texts
6. The Trial of Bróka-Auðr: Invisible Bureaucracy in an Icelandic Saga
Richard Cole
7. Nora: The Life and Afterlife of Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House
Elettra Carbone
8. Nordic Noir
Anne Grydehøj
9. North Atlantic Drift: Contemporary Greenlandic and Sami Literatures
Kristin Lorentsen and Jakob Stougaard-Nielsen
10. New Scandinavians, New Narratives
Anne Grydehøj
Part III: Images
11. Nordic Nature: From Romantic Nationalism to the Anthropocene
Jakob Stougaard-Nielsen
12. Emigration and Scandinavian Identity
Mart Kuldkepp
13. Film and the Welfare State: Three Informational Films about Healthcare
C. Claire Thomson
14. Stereotypes in and of Scandinavia
Ellen Kythor
Format: Hardback
Size: 234 × 156 mm
244 Pages
17 colour illustrations
Copyright: © 2020
ISBN: 9781787354012
Publication: April 17, 2020
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text:
Number of people in the world living with sight loss.
3 trillion (USD)
Real financial cost of visual impairment worldwide in 2010.
Every 5 seconds, a person in the world goes blind.
Visual impairment is a significant health problem across the globe. Although 80% of visual impairment is preventable, for the 40 million blind people across the globe, prevention is no longer the cure (World Health Organization, 2002).
The financial cost in New Zealand itself amounts up to $2.8 billion, or $22,217 per person with vision loss aged over 40 (RNZFB, 2009). Wellbeing, healthcare, productivity and deadweight losses are part of the economic cost for vision loss.
With the loss of sight, many people have to accommodate for a significant change of lifestyle. Compared to people who are sighted, people with vision loss experience:


text:
Compromising an IoT device based on Harvard architecture microcontroller
The paper describes the concept and implementation of an attack technique, targeting an Internet-connected device based
on Arduino family board and modules with an ATmega microcontoller. Due to Harvard-like architecture of the
microcontroller, the attack uses return-oriented programming principle, utilizing the pieces of firmware already
contained in the memory of target device. We show that the routines present in the device are sufficient to convey a
successful attack and change the device operation in the presence of buffer overflow backdoor to the firmware.


text:
Accordion book fun
How you can help at home: Make a homemade book with your child and build his reading and writing skills.
By Jennifer Thompson, Consulting Educator
Create a literary masterpiece with your child. Children who love books will be even more excited about making a book that you can create together. The process of crafting homemade books can be a cherished experience for parent and child for many years to come.
What You'll Need:
- Unlined, colorful, 5" X 8" index cards
- One yard of colorful fabric ribbon at least two to three inches wide
- Tacky glue
Here's How to Do It
Encourage your child to draw or write her story on the index cards, and make a cover page with the title and author of the story.
Stretch the ribbon out on top of a table, and line the cards up horizontally across it, one inch apart, in the order of the story. There should be extra ribbon at both ends. Glue the cover page about six inches from the top of the ribbon. Then continue gluing each consecutive page about one inch from the page above it. Do this until you have all the pages placed on the ribbon. When the glue is dry, fold up the squares starting with the cover page, accordion style, and then gather the ribbon at both ends. The ribbon can be tied in a bow to make a beautiful book!


text:
ISG has recently performed a Final Evaluation of the 'Regional Mechanisms to Protect the Human Rights of Women and Girls in Southeast Asia' project for UN Women.
This project focused on regional processes and provided targeted support at national levels to the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights, ASEAN Commission on the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Women and Children (ACWC), representatives and civil society organizations in Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Indonesia and the Philippines. This evaluation aimed to assess performance, effectiveness and results, and provide broader learning and future directions for UN Women and CIDA in supporting ASEAN human rights mechanisms.
ISG assessed the extent to which the UN Women project contributed to the alignment of women's rights concerns within the ASEAN human rights mechanisms, and provided findings and recommendations that can be used to inform forward-looking strategies and approaches to consolidate an understanding and implementation of CEDAW in the ASEAN region.
As part of this evaluation, data was collected from 10 Southeast Asia countries, both in-country and virtually, to fully assess the program.


How to Increase Land Value
How to Increase Land Value
-•• valeggio sul mincio gardens 25 image by superkiss from
Land is the human being's most basic resource, according to Henry George, Defined as all air, soil, minerals and water, land supports life. It is mankind's source of wealth and is used directly or indirectly to produce all goods and services. There is a fixed amount of land available, and demand for land is the only thing that determines its value. It's worth what only what someone is willing to pay for it, but there are ways to raise land's value.
How to Increase Land Value
Use conservation methods such as conservation tilling to keep organic matter in the soil and adding sodded waterways to prevent soil erosion. Improve drainage by installing drainage tiles and add nutrients that have been depleted to soil.
Improve the appearance of land. Remove junk and repair structures, such as fences and sheds. Remove weeds, mow the grass and make sure there are no environmental hazards, including chemicals, unused wells or underground storage tanks.
Plant trees. According to GMO head Jeremy Grantham, timberland will be the best asset through the year 2012. The value of timberland has gone up every year since 2001, with a higher rate of return than stocks. Tax benefits are available to owners of timberland.
Landscape the grounds. Plant grass, gardens and shrubs that are easy to maintain and look great. Add rocks, ornamental plants and ponds or waterfalls to increase land value.
Keep careful records that show what improvements were made to the land and when they were completed. Include materials used and warranties or guarantees that are offered.
 - Join a school improvement team and a crime watch group in your community. Improved schools and a lower crime rate add to the value of your land.
 - Some improvements to land begin to decline in value in about 10 years.


text:
Ministry of Public Health today announced the registration of 623 new confirmed cases of COVID-19 and the recovery of 61 cases, bringing the total number of recovered cases in Qatar to 750.
Most of the new cases are for expatriate workers most of who have been subject to quarantine after it was found that they were in contact with confirmed cases.
All newly infected cases have been put into isolation and are receiving the necessary medical care.
With the registration of 61 new recovered cases, the total number of people to have recovered from COVID-19 is 750.
The Ministry of Public Health stated that the recent increase in the number of confirmed new cases of coronavirus is due to several reasons, including that the spread of the virus has begun to enter the peak stage (i.e. the highest wave that affects the country), which may continue to increase for a period of time before it begins to decline.
It is also due to the increase in the efforts of the Ministry and its medical teams to track the transmission chains of coronavirus and expand the surveillance process, including of groups of contacts with people who were previously diagnosed with the disease. All of this has contributed to the early detection of many cases of infection and reduced the spread of the virus.


Polish Ordinal Numbers
Polish Teacher
Numbers and Dates
What are ordinal numbers?
They are 'first','second', 'third' etc.
They are very useful to learn!
When to use ordinal numbers in Polish
There are many situations and sentences where you will need to use ordinal numbers. They include:
 - When talking about dates in Polish
 - When talking about the time (for example when saying something is "1 o'clock" = godzina pierwsza.
 - and of course when saying things like "this is the first...".
What are the Polish ordinal numbers?
The table below shows them in masculine form. Remember they can be fem. (replace -y with -a) or neut. form too (replace with -e)
English Polish
First pierwszy
Second drugi
Third trzeci
4th czwarty
5th piąty
6th szósty
7th siódmy
8th ósmy
9th dziewiąty
Tenth dziesiąty
Eleventh jedenasty
12th dwunasty
13th trzynasty
14th czternasty
15th piętnasty
16th szesnasty
17th siedemnasty
18th osiemnasty
19th dziewiętnasty
20th dwudziesty
21st dwudziesty pierwszy
30th trzydziesty
100th setny
200th dwusetny
300th trzechsetny
400th czterechsetny
500th pięćsetny
1000th tysięczny
1000000th milionowy
Think you know these words? Take a free online Polish vocab test of these words here Online Test
Next Related Lessons:


text:
Copyright © 2010 Kui Fu Chen and Yan Feng Li. This is an open access article distributed under the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The numerical inverse Laplace transformation (NILM) makes use of numerical integration. Generally, a high-order scheme of numerical integration renders high accuracy. However, surprisingly, this is not true for the NILM to the transfer function. Numerical examples show that the performance of higher-order schemes is no better than that of the trapezoidal scheme. In particular, the solutions from high-order scheme deviate from the exact one markedly over the rear portion of the period of interest. The underlying essence is examined. The deviation can be reduced by decreasing the frequency-sampling interval.


Google Research
M3A: Model, MetaModel, and Anomaly Detection in Web Searches
 - Da-Cheng Juan
 - Neil Shah
 - Mingyu Tang
 - Zhiliang Qian
 - Diana Marculescu
 - Christos Faloutsos
arXiv preprint arXiv:1606.05978 (2016)
'Alice' is submitting one web search per five minutes, for three hours in a row−is it normal? How to detect abnormal search behaviors, among Alice and other users? Is there any distinct pattern in Alice's (or other users') search behavior? We studied what is probably the largest, publicly available, query log, containing more than 30 million queries from 0.6 million users. In this paper, we present a novel, user-and group-level framework, M3A: Model, MetaModel and Anomaly detection. For each user, we discover and explain a surprising, bi-modal pattern of the inter-arrival time (IAT) of landed queries (queries with user click-through). Specifically, the model Camel-Log is proposed to describe such an IAT distribution; we then notice the correlations among its parameters at the group level. Thus, we further propose the metamodel Meta-Click, to capture and explain the two-dimensional, heavy-tail distribution of the parameters. Combining Camel-Log and Meta-Click, the proposed M3A has the following strong points: (1) the accurate modeling of marginal IAT distribution, (2) quantitative interpretations, and (3) anomaly detection.
Learn more about how we do research


text:
In contemporary history, physical education in the Philippines developed into the Bureau of Physical Education and School Sports. The nation's Executive Order No. 81 series of 1999 then integrated BPESS into the Philippine Sports Commission, which has since assumed BPESS's departmental roles.Continue Reading
Before the foundation of either BPESS or PSC, the development of physical education in the Philippines was conducted by one of three staff bureaus within its Department of Education, Culture, and Sports. Referred to as DECS, the department began as the Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sports under the country's Education Act of 1982. Sports organizations in the early 20th century were cultivated alongside educational programs that were simultaneously sponsored by the government, including the Philippine Amateur Athletic Federation and the Department of Public Instruction.
Passed in 1990, the Republic Act 6847 came to be known the Philippine Sports Commission Act upon its creation as a primary governmental sporting institution, and it continues to function with the Department of Education through collaborating in nationally accredited physical education programs. The Department of Education and the Philippine Sports Commission additionally cooperate in hosting annual sporting events such as the Paralong Pambansa, in which student athletes participate from around the nation.Learn more about Modern Asia


Jewish music today is in the process of a metamorphosis. It is becoming a modern day interpretation of tradition. Stacy Beyer believes that this new movement can and should be enhanced by the presence of more, new Jewish music. This songwriter's workshop is designed to open the doors not only to those who might someday contribute to the new Jewish music scene, but to also give light to the value of personal prayer and expression of Jewish ideas by anyone who chooses to express them.
Stacy's Jewish Songwriters Workshops give participants a chance to explore the creation of lyrics and music. Working with Jewish themes and how they relate to our lives today, Stacy guides students through a 'no pressure' process of understanding basic songwriting and how to apply this understanding to the art of creating works that are representative of students' thoughts, feelings and perspectives. It is truly an amazing process. It is an opportunity to explore the journey we take each day...viewing the world around us...and defining our place in the world. It is a constructive and positive way to bring out, what is within. An it is an outlet for our daily struggles and a pathway to understanding.
As the workshop begins, Stacy will play recordings of familiar Jewish prayers set to new music by artists that are currently doing concerts tours around the US. As the workshop progresses, the focus will center on lyrics and overall musical intention. Stacy will discuss creating melodies for lyrics. Then, once a title is created, each student will be given time to write.
You do not need to play a musical instrument to take this workshop. Typically, there are only a couple of students who do play guitar or piano. Most do not. When it's time to share what has been created, Stacy has been known to write music 'on the spot' for as many as 30 creations. It's always amazing to watch the faces of those who are hearing their lyrics set to music immediately.
This is a unique opportunity to learn the craft of songwriting from a contemporary Jewish recording and touring artist who's credentials include five years as staff writer for EMI Publishing in Nashville TN...credits as a composer for film and TV...and three CDs of original Jewish music, produced and written by Stacy.
If you are interested in having Stacy lead a Songwriting Workshop, please click on Contact/Bookings to find out her availability.


Sales forecasting for Distributors
Why use AI Sales forecast
Distribution companies can increase revenue and decrease costs with our AI software solution through an accurate prediction of sales. This allows them to make informed decisions on the quantity of stock to buy or when to boost a marketing campaign. Sales forecasting is one of the most critical factors that enable distributors to make informed business decisions and to determine long-term business growth.
Simplification of forecast along with an increase in accuracy give extra resources to sales teams so they can fully focus on their customer needs. AI allows automatic and accurate sales forecasts based on previous sales outcomes and external indicators such as weather, promotions, or economic factors.
Did you know that our AI-powered forecasting software can predict sales with up to 99% accuracy, and that this can eliminate lost sales due to inventory out-of-stock situations by 60%?
Benefits of AI Sales forecast
 1. Accurate sales forecast with simple-to-use AI-powered software, and by utilising additional parameters like COVID-19, weather and economic indicators.
 2. Reduce the costs of unsold goods by precise planning of production.
 3. Prepare more precise budgets and sales forecasts.
 4. Develop your pricing and promotions strategy using on-demand data.
 5. Eliminate human bias and establish consistent AI-based sales forecasting methodology.
About iERP


5 Negative Effects Of Teenage Relationship
Teenage Relationship
Teenage Relationship
As the advent of internet exposes more and more teenagers to issues of love and sex, more and more of them are getting into relationships and dating at a young age. However, it has been noticed that teenage relationships are extremely susceptible to quick disintegration. Morever, teenage relationships lead to numerous other damaging outcomes on the physical and emotional health of the youngsters. While sometimes it is circumstancially unavoidable, teenagers must try to not get into relationships at a very tender age on account of the following reasons –
Disadvantages Of Teenage Relationship
Biological Under-development
Teenagers are more driven by the push of hormones rather than logic and feelings. As a consequence, they often end up taking the wrong decisions and dating just for the sake of it or dating people who they are crushing upon, rather than those with whom they are compatible and comfortable.
Furthermore,if a teenager gets physical with a person they're dating, it leads to extremely detrimental consequences on their health and emotional state. A teenager's body is in the process of development and is definitely not ready for any physicality, much less sex.
Teenage pregnancies and how often they fail are glaring examples of the catastrophic fall outs of having sex at an extremely young age. Another important point is that teenagers are not completely aware of the precautions that must be taken and other details, and often end up taking the wrong steps which leads to sexual health disorders.
teenagers are not completely aware of the precautions
Teenage is in fact, the stage of preparation where a person undergoes important biological metamorphosis and the body readies itself for adult experiences. If love, sex and other relationship related issues come before time, naturally the body and the mind goof up and retaliate on account of lack of preparedness.
Emotional Instability
Teenagers are prone to extreme emotional instability, mood swings, contradictory feelings and reckless actions. Emotional maturity is a matter of time, age and experience. While some teenagers are definitely more mature and serious about life than others, there can be completely no denying the fact that none of them whatsoever are completely ready to handle the emotional stress and responsibility that a relationship entails.
As a consequence of their emotional ineptitude, they are unable to deal with the many problems associated with a relationship. They feel possessive, they get hurt easily, they are prone to fall into depression post break-ups, they become completely dependent on their partners for their happiness and well being, and they begin to circle their existence solely around them, ignoring other healthy parts of life like family, studies, and quite often, even friends. Teenagers are emotionally unripe and any majorly hectic experience, like a relationship, can do severe harm unto them!
Emotional Instability
Life-long Scars
Teenage is an extremely sensitive territory. Every experience, good or bad, creates a deep and irascible imprint on the mind of a youngster. Every incident in a child and a teenager's life accounts for numerous takeaways and memories.
More often than not, teenage relationships backfire completely and leave irrevocable scars of the emotional make-up of a person. Many teenagers are known to develop unnatural behavioural tendencies – like permanently being put-off relationships, commitment phobia, continuous one night stands etc. Thus, teenage relationships often scar you for life. They create a lot of negativity in a person and make him/her age much before time.
Life-long Scars
Other Things Sidelined
Ideally, a teenager's life should be spent in making good friends, having great times with them, studying hard, crushing on a lot of people and other pleasant things. A relationship at such a tender age, basically exposes them to the kind of anxiety and trauma that married people go through! Falling into a relationship erases the brighter and the more important aspects of a teenager's life.
They begin to sideline issues that are more important. Although some people do manage to retain dedication towards studies and career, most of them become distracted and disinterested. This inevitably leads to regrets and problems later on in life. Morever, teenagers often waste their hobbies, skills, talents and aptitude by investing all of their time and energy in their hypothesized bubble of "love".
Teenage dating also makes a person more and more distant from their friends and family. They center their social existence completely around their boyfriend/girlfriend. Very often, they hide their activities from them and create unnecessary complications in their lives.
Sometimes, teenagers even end up permanently damaging their career and their filial and friendly relationships, which naturally causes a lot of unhappiness and distress in the long run.
Falling into a relationship erases
However, it is important to note that not all teenage relationships are disadvantageous. If they are lucky, teengers may find true love at their young age and hence enjoy a consistent support system from their partner.
Teenage relationships, even when they go wrong, provide a lot of experience to the youngsters and make them stronger, more mature and more armed to deal with relationship issues in future. They also help them decide about what kind of man/woman they actually want in their life. A successful teenage relationship can do wonders for the self-assurance of a person and make them feel much happier and positive about life.
As a matter of fact, the entire issue is extremely subjective and boils down to the attitude and nature of the teenager. If the teenager can intelligently take decisions about such important issues, handle problems with calm and composure, and multi-task and devote time to every aspect of life without side-lining any, then a teenage relationship shall cause none of the above mentioned problems. However, such a situation is very rare and most teenage relationships are, regrettably, plagued by many teething troubles, and hence, must be avoided as far as possible.
feel much happier and positive about life


text:
TransEcoNet: The landscape functionality assessment
In the last months the main objective was to assess and visualize actual landscape functionality in selected transboundary areas in Central Europe based on parameters such as landscape structure, fragmentation, connectivity and biodiversity. This landscape functionality assessment has generated a series of maps which will provide valuable information for the action plan for sustainable management of ecological networks to be elaborated in 2011.
Further Information: _URL_
Source: TransEcoNet News, Dec. 2010


Code Completion Design
From CodeBlocks
Revision as of 16:16, 17 February 2014 by Ollydbg (Talk | contribs) (Usefull Links: add parser links)
Jump to: navigation, search
How to build
Get the source code
Code completion source tree opened in code::blocks
Build the code completion plug-in
Code completion build target option in code::blocks
A brief description of every project files
ccoptionsprjdlg.cpp setting the additional parser search path
classbrowser.cpp viewing the symbols tree ctrl(token tree).
classbrowserbuilderthread.cpp a thread to build the class browser tree above
parser/parser.cpp Parser class was also derived from wxEvtHandler, can start batch parse... this class has member variables like :cbThreadPool m_Pool(which will create a thread from thread pool for each file need passed);TokenTree* m_pTokens(contains all the Token database);
parser/token.cpp definition of the "Token" class, and TokenTree(which means the Token dababase)
parser/searchtree.cpp implement the patricia search tree using by TokenTree
Header files no description needed
Structure of CodeCompletion plugin
Code completion plugin Structure
The above image show the main structure of our CodeCompletion plugins. The main class are:
 - CodeCompletion: this is the class for main plugin), it handle event sent from the C::B core. Toolbar handling was done in this class.
 - NativeParser: as a main member variable of the CodeCompletion class, this class is like the Parser manager class, it create/delete Parser instances when a project load/closed.
 - Parser: this class is mainly for handling Tokens. Parser class hold a TokenTree which record all the Tokens. Parser class also hold a thread pool, it can either run the parsing task in the pool(this means the parsing task will be done in a separate thread), or directly by a function call.
 - Parserthread: The class derived from the worker thread(cbThreadedTask class), it member function DoParse() is the function for parsing.
Besides that, when trying to show the suggestion list(auto completion list, or code completion list), the NativeParser need to analyze the current the current statement structure, and query the symbol(token) information from the Tokentree, this is mostly done in ResolveExpression() member function.
Some important note: when all Parserthread instances finish parsing job in the pool, the thread pool will send an event to its parent(in this case, it is the Parser class), so the Parser know that the parsing is done, or the Parser can assign another parsing jobs to the thread pool.
Low level parser(Lexical analysis, Tokenize)
for a simple c++ program like below
int main()
 return 0;
After tokenizing, it should give these 15 tokens
1 = string "int"
2 = string "main"
3 = opening parenthesis
4 = closing parenthesis
5 = opening brace
6 = string "std"
7 = namespace operator
8 = string "cout"
9 = << operator
10 = string ""hello world""
11 = string "endl"
12 = semicolon
13 = string "return"
14 = number 0
15 = closing brace
Tokenizer class
preparing the big string
Get or Peek a token
 //Get the current token string started from m_TokenIndex,
 //After that, increase the m_Tokenindex
 wxString GetToken();
 wxString PeekToken();
Cb token cache.png
Nested Value of braces
 if (CurrentChar() == '{')
 else if (CurrentChar() == '}')
SkipUnwanted tokens
a = b + c;
// assignment statement in template arguments
template
class abc {
 T m_a;
// assignment statement in function arguments
void foo( int arg1 = 60 )
 bla bla;
Return a correct token, Macro replacement
Cc std replacement.png
wxString Tokenizer::MacroReplace(const wxString str)
 wxStringHashMap::const_iterator it = s_Replacements.find(str);
 if (it!= s_Replacements.end())
 // match one!
 wxString key = it->first;
 wxString value = it->second;
 TRACE(_T("MacroReplace() : Replacing '%s' with '%s' (file='%s')."), key.wx_str(), value.wx_str(), m_Filename.wx_str());
 if (value[0]=='+' && CurrentChar()=='(')
 unsigned int start = m_TokenIndex;
 m_Buffer[start] ='';
 bool fillSpace = false;
 while (m_Buffer[start]!=')')
 if (m_Buffer[start]==',')
 fillSpace = true;
 if (fillSpace==true)
 m_Buffer[start]=' ';
 m_Buffer[start] = '{';
 return value.Remove(0,1);
 else if (value[0] == '-')
 unsigned int lenKey = key.Len();
 value = value.Remove(0,1);
 unsigned int lenValue = value.Len();
 for (unsigned int i=1; i<=lenKey; i++)
 if (i < lenValue)
 m_Buffer[m_TokenIndex-i] = value[lenValue-i];
 m_Buffer[m_TokenIndex-i] ='';
 int firstSpace = value.First(' ');
 // adjust m_TokenIndex
 m_TokenIndex = m_TokenIndex - lenValue + firstSpace;
 return value.Mid(0,firstSpace);
 return value;
 return str;
Code completion build target option in code::blocks
replacement rules
directly replacement AAAAA -> BBBBB
You can define a rule: AAAAA -> BBBBB
Which means, if the tokenizer meet a string "AAAAA", then it will returned a string "BBBBB"
For example, when
 /// See bits/stl_deque.h's _Deque_base for an explanation.
 template
 struct _Vector_base
 typedef typename _Alloc::template rebind<_Tp>::other _Tp_alloc_type;
We should replace the string "_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NESTED_NAMESPACE(std, _GLIBCXX_STD_D)" to "namespace std {", here, we introduce two replacement rules:
In this rule, we firstly replace the "_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NESTED_NAMESPACE" with the "namespace", then, we reserve the "std", and change the closing parenthesis to an opening brace. (See the image above), also, every token string "_GLIBCXX_END_NESTED_NAMESPACE" will be replaced by "}". CCreplacement rule.png
So, the code becomes to like below:
namespace std {
 /// See bits/stl_deque.h's _Deque_base for an explanation.
 template
 struct _Vector_base
For example, when
We should replace the string "_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_TR1" to "namespace tr1 {", here, we introduce two replacement rules:
In this rule, we firstly replace the "_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_TR1" with the "namespace", then, add aditional string "tr1 {"
So, the code becomes:
namespace tr1 {
AAAAA -> *
In this case, we call it a "strip the next "(" and ")" rule. for example:
The rule syntax is:
For example, In the source code below:
CVAPI(void) cvFxxxx();
CVAPI(cvMat *) cvFyyy();
will become to (if I add a replacement rule CVAPI -> *)
void cvFxxxx();
cvMat * cvFyyy();
High level parser(Syntax Analysis)
This is the main flow of a parser.
Parser Flow.gif
parser thread
 void f1();
 int f2(char c);
 float f3(void * p);
 int f1;
 double f2;
Token class
class Token : public BlockAllocated
 wxString m_Name;
 wxString m_Args;
 wxString m_AncestorsString; // all ancestors comma-separated list
 unsigned int m_File;
 unsigned int m_Line;
 unsigned int m_ImplFile;
 unsigned int m_ImplLine; // where the token was met
 TokenScope m_Scope;
 TokenKind m_TokenKind;
 bool m_IsOperator;
 bool m_IsLocal; // found in a local file?
 int m_ParentIndex;
 TokenIdxSet m_Children;
 TokenIdxSet m_Ancestors;
 TokenIdxSet m_DirectAncestors;
 TokenIdxSet m_Descendants;
Memory Pool--BlockAllocated class
Operator new overloading for fast allocate in the heap
 return result;
A simple look ahead parser
symbolA symbolB symbolC symbolD;
DoParse Examples
Handling class declaration
class AAA{
 int m_a;
 int m_b;
} ;
What about these statements
class AAA{
 int m_a;
 int m_b;
} x,y,z;
Handling typedef statement
Sometimes, you can see these code blocks:
typedef class AAA{
 int m_a;
 int m_b;
Next, it meets a keyword "class", which also indicate it is a class declaration. So, the HandleClass function will do the task. A Token of "class AAA" will be added to the TokenTree. Wait a minute, how can we deal with "BBB" and "CCC", this is not the same case as previous code, we can't regard "BBB","CCC" as variables. In this case, another function "ReadClsName()" will be called. For simplicity of TokenTree, we just regard "BBB


text:
Study: Action Video Games May Increase Capability for Suicide Attempts
Researchers at Texas Tech University claim that someone who is already thinking about committing suicide may be more capable of attempting suicide if they play "action video games."
The researchers linked an increase in the capability of someone to commit suicide to the lack of fear of pain and death. According to Texas Tech:
"Acquired capability is an increased fearlessness about death, not being as afraid to die, and also an increased pain tolerance – not being as sensitive to pain. Increased acquired capability allows individuals to overcome the fear and pain that would inhibit a suicide attempt."
The study's lead author, Sean Mitchell, said that their research did not provide a clear picture into whether violent video games caused an increase in the capability of someone to commit suicide.
"We didn't assess change over time," Mitchell said. "Some studies say people play violent video games, which causes them to be more aggressive. Other studies say there's no association. Other studies say the opposite: people who are already more violent seek out violent video games. We see findings that show all of it, so there's not a clear picture. Without doing intensive study over a long period of time, we can't really say what causes what."
Time spent playing action video games also seemed to play a role in the research as Mitchell points out.:
"The more hours of video games you play, the higher your acquired capability tended to be. But if we took into consideration what kinds of video games you're playing, we saw that if you play action games, which tend to be more violent, there is a stronger relationship between hours of video game play and acquired capability. However, if you don't play action games, there was no relationship. So, hours of video game play is associated with increased acquired capability only when they report playing action games."
The study, published in the peer-reviewed journal Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, included data from 228 students at Texas Tech University.
If you were wondering what type of games were classified as "action" games, they include: Grand Theft Auto, Mortal Kombat, Halo, Call of Duty, Tomb Raider, and Street Fighter.


text:
The character set used by Mimer SQL is ISO 8859-1 (LATIN1) - see Character Set.
For the purposes of the syntax rules in SQL, characters may be divided into the following classes:
Letters A... Z, a... z Digits 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Alphanumeric Letters and digits Separators White-space characters (ASCII HEX-values 09 to 0D, or 20, i.e. , , , , or ) Special All characters except letters and digits
Note: The definition of letters is restricted to the English standard alphabet. National characters are treated as special characters.
Certain special characters have particular meanings in SQL statements, for example, delimiters (quotation marks " or apostrophes ') and arithmetic and comparative operators (+ - / * = < > etc.).
The special characters $ and # may, in some circumstances, be used in the same contexts as letters, see Identifiers.
A separator is used to separate keywords, identifiers and literals from each other.
Upright Database Technology AB
Voice: +46 18 780 92 00
Fax: +46 18 780 92 40