text:
World Bank Publishes Paper on Inclusive Green Growth in LAC
31 May 2012: The World Bank has released a new publication on inclusive green growth in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), highlighting experiences in promoting low-carbon growth within the region.
The paper, titled "Inclusive Green Growth in Latin America and the Caribbean," focuses on LAC as a learning lab for inclusive green growth in terms of urban and infrastructure services, as well as natural resources and rural services. The first section of the publication demonstrates how LAC has been the world's testing ground for inclusive green growth through socially-inclusive innovation, for example by adopting the first regional catastrophic risk insurance facility, as well as rapid bus transit systems, payments for ecosystem services and sustainable cattle ranching practices. It indicates that currently, the challenge is for such innovation to become mainstream in sustainable and urban development policies, infrastructure services, and natural resource use.
The second section focuses on green urban planning, the energy sector, water and sanitation services, and urban transport, noting the challenges these sectors face in adopting low-carbon growth strategies especially in low-lying cities vulnerable to extreme weather events. The third section looks at inclusive green growth objectives and progress in a rural context through reviewing issue areas such as rural transport, market access and connectivity, water resource management, and the agriculture sector, in each case highlighting objectives and challenges for the 'greening' of these sectors. [Publication: Inclusive Green Growth in Latin America and the Caribbean] [World Bank Press Release]


The End of Emotional Privacy
A bodysuit that reads and stores people's emotions and allows you to "feel" how others are feeling. The project applies infrared sensor technology to simulate thermal vision and "read" emotions. By standing in front of it, the user's emotions are read and mapped as heat into the back of the bodysuit. In a context of growing concern over privacy, where corporations know who we are and what we want, 'The End of Emotional Privacy' suggests a future in which our emotional states are monitored, manipulated, and monetised.
Initial research: senses
This diagram shows how through senses get that from the world that our mind transforms into a perception of what the world is.
*This data is received through certain types of stimuli. These receptors send impulses in certain patterns, to send information about the intensity of a stimulus.
The if conditional and the purpose
Considering we have 5 senses, intuition has always been known as our "6th" sense. What if intuition was a sense, for real? That made me think about empathy, then, what if empathy was a sense?
This project will be developed around this question, seeking to find a solution to amplify empathy by exploring emotions and how to understand them. The goal is to be able to feel what others are feeling.
The statement: "emotions are heat"
"Emotions are guesses that your brain constructs at the moment when millions of brain cells work" – Lisa Feldman Barret
Guesses are predictions. Therefore, how people really feel?
Among all the methods that are being used at this moment to explore emotions, such as heart rate, face tracking, brain waves or skin conductivity, we decided to give a chance to body heat.
The idea and the device
An empathy amplifier that detects emotions* around you, by sending heat notifications, developed as a wearable bodysuit, so you can easily feel the heat.
*happiness, fear, sadness, anxiety
Based on how senses work, we created a flowchart and we replicated it in order to create a circuit logic.
Simulation of how a sense works and how to recreate it with Arduino
And this is the diagram for the full prototype:
The process
The first prototype was based on over 100 embedded wires, and 16 DIY heatpads made with conductive thread on a lace pad as base.
A work in process following the diagram
Detail of the custom heat pads I build with conductive thread
For the second prototype, I focused on using only conductive thread. The combination is Karl Grimm conductive thread for the connections, and silver-plated conductive thread to build the DIY heat pads. Before I got to that conclusion, I burned several fabrics, broke a few Arduinos, and considered buying chunky heat pads instead of wasting time in building my own. But I managed and they warmed up nicely.
As the project had to be exhibited one month, instead of the lace pads I've got the back of the bodysuit embroidered so the feeling of warmth was more noticeable on cotton (over than the nylon of my black lace pads) as well as being way more resistant to the touch of hundreds of users during the exhibition.
Getting emotional data
"The End of Emotional Privacy" aims to make people reflect on the fact that our emotions could be used as data. All the values that the IR sensor is reading, are sensed to a private database for personal further analysis, so whoever is wearing it, could learn how to me empathic.
This is an example of values of that database:
The values highlighted in red are the ones indicating that someone was in front of the wearable as it is detecting their heat.
What if all this emotional data is not used just for personal use, but is managed by big corporations? Then, they could be sending us ads when we are more vulnerable to buy.
In order to make the prototype more interactive for the exhibition format, I made a simple real time data visualisation with p5.js which displayed on a screen the emotion that the sensor just read. The sensor read values from 0 to 80ºC in an angle of 60º, working by proximity. Knowing that:
0 – Standby
No data is read, the IR sensor is waiting to have someone in front of it.
1 – Sad
The IR got temperature values between 0 and 24.
2 – Happy
The values are greater than 24 and smaller than 27.
3 – Anxious
For values greater than 27 but smaller than 55.
4 – Fearful
The last state – values greater than 55, smaller than 80.
Press coverage
The project was exhibited in the Museum of Design of Barcelona, DHUB Barcelona, among other projects for a month.
In this clip extracted from the Spanish national news, you can see some of the other projects, as well as a short interview that I had:
I also appeared in Barcelona's local tv:
I even took part in a documentary about privacy from Catalonia's national television. Here is the link to the chapter. I appear from minute 7.
This is just a terrible screenshot of the interview.
And here is the link to an article of a national newspaper that interviewed me too.
'The End of Emotional Privacy' is a project made during the Master in Advanced Interaction, IAAC (2018).


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Consider a probability model with sample space on the interval $[0,a]$ where $a$ is a finite positive real number. Consider two probability distributions $P_1$ and $P_2$ on the sample space, where $P_2$ is obtained by shifting an infinitesimal probability $dP$ from position $x_1$ in the interval to $x_2$. Random variable $X$ is defined as $X(\omega)=\omega$ on the interval. Assume the mean of $X$ under $P_1$ is $E(X)$.
Find a condition that does not involve $dP$ that is necessary and sufficient for $d(Var(X))\le 0$. If $P_1$ has mass of 0.5 at the ends of the interval, show that the condition is satisfied for all $x_1$ and $x_2$.
I picked this problem from an old book of mine. The condition I got to was $x_2+x_1-a\le 0$. However this seems to be dependent on $a$ and is not true for all $x_1$ and $x_2$ as the second problem demands.
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1 Answer 1
up vote 1 down vote accepted
Let us paraphrase the question: what small transformations of a distribution on an interval lead to decrease in variance?
Intuitively, you must bring the mass towards the mean to reduce the variance. I.e. the condition should be something like $|x_1-E(X)|\ge|x_2-E(X)|$.
To prove this formally, first, consider a discrete distribution: that takes the value $x_i$ with probability $p_i$. Then, the variance is $Var(X)=\sum_ip_i(x_i-E(X))^2$. To see what happens when you shift it such that $p_1$ becomes $p_1-\epsilon$ and $p_2$ becomes $p_2+\epsilon$ we need to take the partial derivative of the expression above keeping in mind that $\frac{\partial p_2}{\partial p_1}=-1$ and, given that, we also have $\frac{\partial E(X)}{\partial p_1}=x_1-x_2$. Therefore, $\frac{\partial Var(X)}{\partial p_1}=(x_1-E(X))^2-(x_2-E(X))^2-2(x_1-x_2)\sum_ip_i(x_i-E(X))$, the last term being zero. We need this expression to be non-negative (decrease in $p_1$ leads to decrease in $Var(X)$). Hence, we obtain the condition as above.
You can easily generalize the proof to any distribution.
Now, it seems quite obvious why the condition holds for the distribution in the question.
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text:
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See for yourself why the world's leading organizations use Vyopta to optimize UC technology (video, voice) and workspaces.
Improve collaboration at your company by ensuring the performance of your UC technology and optimize the use of meeting spaces.
- Improve video and voice quality and reliability
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- Improve ROI and efficiency of UC spend
- Optimize Workspace utilization and reduce costs
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source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The keyhole gardens are the brainchild of humanitarian charities and missionaries for use in impoverished countries with poor soil, bad weather, and starving people. At least one organization teaches the schoolchildren how to construct the gardens from available recycled materials and to care for the vegetables. The schools then have nutritious vegetables for lunches. The children are encouraged to build a keyhole garden at home to educate their parents, thus enabling families to feed themselves. Advisers visit with the families to trouble-shoot garden problems.
Keyhole Garden Concept
The Keyhole Garden concept is brilliantly simple. A circular raised bed has a center compost basket that distributes nutrients to the surrounding lasagna-style garden bed. A small pie-slice section of the bed is used for easy access to the center compost basket forming the keyhole design (click the sketch on the left for larger image).
Kitchen and garden waste, along with household gray water, are added to the center basket. The soil bed layers are slightly sloped away from the center to aid water and "compost tea" distribution. As the materials decompose, soil, composting materials, and amendments are added to the bed in later growing seasons.
Keyhole Garden Benefits
Keyhole Garden Construction
This is not a comprehensive how-to. If you would like detailed information to construct a Keyhole Garden, please follow the links provided at the end of this article, otherwise, refer to the Cross-section View A-A at left (click for a larger image).
The following is a list of recurring points made for the garden design to work efficiently. Use whatever materials you may have at your disposal that will allow the best result to be achieved.
- Drainage: Rocks, broken tiles or pots, rusty cans, twigs, small branches, or old critter bones can be used for the bottom drainage layer.
- Compost Basket: A tube, 1' to 1-1/2' (.5 meters) in diameter and tall enough to extend well above the center of the bed, can be fashioned from anything that will allow water to pass through into the surrounding bed like chicken wire, fencing, or sticks (think in terms of a woven basket). Supports to hold the basket in place, such as strong branches, boards, or rebar, and wire or strong twine to hold everything together, also, will be needed.
- Outer Border Walls: Anything that will contain the soil could be used: stones, bricks, or blocks can be stacked into place; boards or branches could be driven into the ground; sand bags or old tires could work as well.
- Planting Bed Fill: Use the same materials as for a lasagna garden, or compost pile, such as cardboard, paper, manure, leaves, straw, hay, old potting mix, or wood ashes, then finish the surface for planting with top soil.
- A cleared level area no larger than 6-1/2' (2 meters) in diameter is the maximum size for a Keyhole Garden. A larger diameter bed may suffer from a lack of water near the outer wall of the bed (from the compost basket), and plants close to the center may be difficult to reach.
- The cutout area of the keyhole should be wide enough to allow easy access to the compost basket when adding materials, removing compost, or making basket repairs if needed. Positioning the cutout on the North side of the circular garden would use the dark space of the bed that would not receive full sun, thus leaving all the sunny sides for planting.
- All the layers added to the bed should slope downward to the outer border wall. The slope helps direct moisture from the compost basket out into the bed.
- The outer border wall can be as high as needed for the comfort of the gardener and the amount of sourced materials. The top surface of soil should stay below the outer walls to contain rainwater and prevent the soil from running off.
- Other Considerations:
- A roof can be made to deflect excessive rain from the compost basket or to conserve compost moisture during drought.
- Trellises could be installed to support cloches for weather protection.
I have been gathering information and materials to construct a Keyhole Garden for a garden project next year. I was so excited by the design idea that I decided to share the information now, instead of waiting until I could build one to write about later. I hope I have provided a potential new garden concept for others to consider as well.
- Texas Co-op Power: Keyhole Gardening: Unlocking the secrets of drought-hardy gardening, by G. Elaine Aker; Issue: February 2012
- Valhalla Project: videos and photos
- Send-A-Cow: Keyhole Gardens and many other great frugal gardening ideas


text:
There are some, and they are important:
In this paper we report our study on the user experience of robot vacuum cleaner behavior. How do people want to experience this new type of cleaning appliance? Interviews were conducted to elicit a desired robot vacuum cleaner personality. With this knowledge in mind, behavior was designed for a future robot vacuum cleaner. A video prototype was used to evaluate how people experienced the behavior of this robot vacuum cleaner. The results indicate that people recognized the intended personality in the robot behavior. We recommend using a personality model as a tool for developing robot behavior.
A summary discussion is here, interesting throughout. From this paper you can surmise a bit about the origins of religion, the seen and the unseen, and the demand for conspiracy theories, in addition to robot vacuum cleaners.


You are here
Level: intermediate
Mitigators are the opposite of intensifiers. When we want to make an adjective less strong we use these words: fairly, rather, quite
By the end of the day, we were rather tired.
The film wasn't great, but it was quite exciting.
and in informal English: pretty
We had a pretty good time at the party.
Be careful!
Level: advanced
When we use quite with a normal adjective, it makes the adjective less strong:
The food was quite bad.
(= The food was bad but not very bad.)
My nephew is quite clever.
(= My nephew is clever but not very clever.)
But when we use quite with a strong adjective, it means the same as absolutely:
The food was quite awful.
(= The food was absolutely awful.)
As a child he was quite brilliant.
(= As a child he was absolutely brilliant.)
Level: intermediate
Mitigators with comparatives
We use these words and phrases as mitigators:
a bit
just a bit
a little
a little bit
just a little bit
She's a bit younger than I am.
It takes two hours on the train but it is a little bit longer by road.
This one is rather bigger.
We use slightly and rather as mitigators with comparative adjectives in front of a noun:
This is a slightly more expensive model than that.
This is a rather bigger one than that.
Mitigators 1
Mitigators 2
Question 7 is worded differently in Tasks 1 and 2.
Is the wording in Task 1 correct?
Hello kaniraj,
The wording in question 7 is Task 1 was incorrect. I've now corrected it so that it's the same as in Task 2.
Thanks very much for pointing this out to us and helping us improve LearnEnglish!
Best wishes,
The LearnEnglish Team
Hello Sir,
Can I use "rather a (/ a rather) + adjective + noun"? For example: I think it is rather a (/a rather bad behavior.
Or isn't it possible and do we have to use "rather" only with adjective?
Thank you in advance.
Hello Uyanga3,
Yes, you can use 'rather' in this way - yours is a rather fine question. Please note, however, that 'behaviour' is an uncount noun in English, so it's not grammatical to speak of 'a behaviour'. You could say instead 'a rather bad attitude' or 'rather bad behaviour', for example.
Best wishes,
The LearnEnglish Team
Hi team,
Is it possible to use the "updation"(update), I've had saw this kind of usage in some places but don't think this is a right one, if then what else can be used instead of it.
Thanks in advance
Hi Sanover,
The correct term would be 'update', and there is no real alternative which is in common use. This is a flexible term: it can be a noun (an update) or a verb (to update something).
Best wishes,
The LearnEnglish Team
Hi, thanks for your help in advance,is this sentence correct?
I think nino's restaurant is slightly better than Belini's.
Hello Sir,
Can you please explain the radical concept of phrase and help me to learn deeply.
Thanks and Regards,
Hari prasath.T
Hello colonyhari,
We're very happy to help you learn but I'm not quite sure what you mean by 'the radical concept of phrase'. Could you explain or - better still - provide an example so we can understand exactly what you mean? In general when asking questions on LearnEnglish, the more specific and concrete the question is, the more we will be able to help you with our answers.
Best wishes,
The LearnEnglish Team
Hello peter,
Thanks for reply. For example
(Phrase error)
The yoga session "is most likelihood to start at" 6.00 a.m
The yoga session "is mostly liked to start at" 6.00 a.m
The yoga session "is most likely to start at" 6.00 a.m
which one is correct
(Error spotting)
Martin would attempt (1)/ to open the umbrella (2)/when her spectacles slipped off (3)/ and fell down(4).
which one is wrong
To identify these error what should I learn. Please give me your valuable suggestions.
Hari prasath.T


text:
- Enter a word for the dictionary definition.
From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:
Charity \Char"i*ty\, n.; pl. Charities. [F. charit['e] fr. L. caritas dearness, high regard, love, from carus dear, costly, loved; asin to Skr. kam to wish, love, cf. Ir. cara a friend, W. caru to love. Cf. Caress.] [1913 Webster] 1. Love; universal benevolence; good will. [1913 Webster] Now abideth faith, hope, charity, three; but the greatest of these is charity. --1. Cor. xiii. 13. [1913 Webster] They, at least, are little to be envied, in whose hearts the great charities... lie dead. --Ruskin. [1913 Webster] With malice towards none, with charity for all. --Lincoln. [1913 Webster] 2. Liberality in judging of men and their actions; a disposition which inclines men to put the best construction on the words and actions of others. [1913 Webster] The highest exercise of charity is charity towards the uncharitable. --Buckminster. [1913 Webster] 3. Liberality to the poor and the suffering, to benevolent institutions, or to worthy causes; generosity. [1913 Webster] The heathen poet, in commending the charity of Dido to the Trojans, spake like a Christian. --Dryden. [1913 Webster] 4. Whatever is bestowed gratuitously on the needy or suffering for their relief; alms; any act of kindness. [1913 Webster] She did ill then to refuse her a charity. --L'Estrange. [1913 Webster] 5. A charitable institution, or a gift to create and support such an institution; as, Lady Margaret's charity. [1913 Webster] 6. pl. (Law) Eleemosynary appointments [grants or devises] including relief of the poor or friendless, education, religious culture, and public institutions. [1913 Webster] The charities that soothe, and heal, and bless, Are scattered at the feet of man like flowers. --Wordsworth. [1913 Webster] Sisters of Charity (R. C. Ch.), a sisterhood of religious women engaged in works of mercy, esp. in nursing the sick; -- a popular designation. There are various orders of the Sisters of Charity. Syn: Love; benevolence; good will; affection; tenderness; beneficence; liberality; almsgiving. [1913 Webster]

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Single wall corrugated sheet
- Cardboard sheet can be used as layering pads to stabilise boxes stacked on a pallet.
- Size specification: The first measurement gives the width of the cardboard sheet.
- Cardboard sheet have a brown kraft paper outer layer.
- Easy to store, reusable and recyclable.
- Can be inserted into mailings to help keep documents flat and protect corners and surfaces from scratching and abrasion.
- Cardboard sheet are used as layering pads within cardboard boxes to cushion, protect and stabilise packaged products.
|Single wall layer pads. 125KTB 0901.|
|Buy quality cardboard sheets.|
- Cardboard sheet can be trimmed down to the desired size.
- cardboard sheet
- sheet cardboard


Create Effective Dialogue Simulations for Online Sales Training with iSpring Version 8.3
Dialogue simulations are important in sales training. iSpring Talkmaster makes creating them easy.
Access the Manager's Guide to Rapid eLearning
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Create Effective Dialogue Simulations for Online Sales Training with iSpring Version 8.3
How important is it for sales personnel to say the correct thing at the correct time to a potential customer? It is very important. Communication or dialogue is a significant part of any sales process. Good communication skills help sales people connect well with potential clients. Their lack will result in lost clients and deals. Considering this, communication skills need to be included while training sales personnel in any field. The best way to develop communication skills would be through dialogue simulations.
Unfortunately, neither sales training programs nor sales managers realize that conversation skills are very difficult to master and offer only basic training in this area which is not sufficient if the intention is to make successful sales deals. But organizations that focus on this aspect of sales training are reaping the benefits. Examples include companies such as IBM and Schlumberger which have emerged leaders in their respective industries. The best way to provide this training is through dialogue simulations.
 Dialogue simulations
Simulation training helps individuals learn by performing an action in order to achieve a certain outcome. The learning outcome from the simulation comes from experience and adults, we know, learn better through experience. Dialogue simulations are a way to develop conversation skills.
These simulations provide experiential learning for sales training. Many sales personnel are aware of the strong points of the company's products or services but fail to communicate them to the client or adapt their presentation according to the client's needs. Dialogue simulations can fill this gap by letting sales people take part in simulated conversations in different situations where they can practice what to say and how to say it.
Dialogue simulations are a way to develop conversation skills in a low risk environment. They help sales people develop the required soft skills when interacting with customers. Constant training will help them make effective conversations. One key communication skill is the ability to pay attention and listen to what the other person is saying and understand the intention and motivation behind it. People with good communication skills pay attention to what the other person is saying and then respond accordingly. Similarly, a good sales person listens attentively to what the customer wants and using his knowledge of the product, tailors his responses and suggests solutions.
The dialogue simulations used in e-learning sometimes fail to train sales people on the appropriate ways to respond. This is because such dialogue simulations are hard to create and require the creation of scenarios, characters, and dialogues for different situations.
iSpring TalkMaster
The TalkMaster enhancement in iSpring 8.3 makes creating dialogue simulations easy. TalkMaster has built in tools that help create characters and scenarios that mirror real life communication. They provide the option of adding voiceover to a character's lines in dialogue simulations, adding a realistic touch to the conversations. Dialogue characters can be made to speak as if in real life communication with the Talkmaster tool.
The tool is simple and easy to use and offers many options. You can create simulations, choose characters, and select appropriate emotions for them. There is the option to select the background for the scene and choose what you want your characters to say and add the appropriate reply choices or reply messages.
What's more, you can create a new dialogue scene based on the reply. You can type new text for your characters and change their emotions and create a branched scenario. This will help create different dialogue simulations for various situations.The scenes you create can be a dialogue between a customer and a sales person in a car showroom or customer and sales person negotiating the price of a product. The options are many. This helps sales personnel learn how to interact with customers in different situations and how best to respond to their needs.
iSpring 8.3 TalkMaster is useful for e-learning developers, trainers, and instructors as they can enhance the course with audio features. It can create a realistic training tool that has a positive impact on the training results.
If you can think of other ways in which TalkMaster can be used in sales training, do share with us.
A Training Manager's Handbook to Rapid E-learning Development
Create Effective Dialogue Simulations for Online Sales Training with iSpring Version 8.3
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_USER_ {132279, title = {Edwardsiellosis caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri in laboratory populations of Zebrafish Danio rerio.}, journal = {Journal of aquatic animal health}, volume = {25}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Sep}, pages = {171-83}, abstract = {We report the first cases of Edwardsiella ictaluri causing epizootics in laboratory populations of Zebrafish Danio rerio. Edwardsiella ictaluri is primarily recognized as a disease of catfish species and is known to cause an economically important bacterial disease of farm-raised catfish in the USA and abroad; however, it has been isolated on occasion from 10 other genera of nonictalurid fishes. We isolated E. ictaluri from moribund Zebrafish held in quarantine at two different universities in two states and from a research facility in a third state between February 23 and December 6, 2011. Edwardsiellosis in Zebrafish can be described as a severe systemic disease characterized by tissue necrosis and the presence of large numbers of extracellular and intracellular bacteria, often within macrophages. The kidneys (pronephros and mesonephros), spleen, nares, and forebrain were the most commonly and severely affected tissues. In outbreaks, mortality was acute and numerous fish died over a 1-2 week period. Mortality continued until the majority of the population was lost, at which time the remaining fish were euthanized. In addition to these cases, four cultures of bacteria isolated from Zebrafish by another diagnostic laboratory were submitted to the Louisiana Aquatic Diagnostic Laboratory for identification and were confirmed as E. ictaluri. In total, eight cultures of E. ictaluri from Zebrafish from Louisiana, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Florida were identified. The isolates were confirmed as E. ictaluri by biochemical phenotype, API 20E (bioM{\'e}rieux), and amplification and sequencing of a portion of the 16S rRNA gene. Edwardsiella ictaluri isolates from Zebrafish are believed to comprise a unique group and were differentiated from catfish isolates by exhibiting weaker motility, autoaggregation in broth, a different plasmid profile (two plasmids of 4.0 and 3.5 kb), a different API 20E code (_PHONE_), and lack of lipopolysaccharide recognition with Mab Ed9.}, keywords = {Animals, Animals, Laboratory, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Disease Outbreaks, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Edwardsiella ictaluri, Enterobacteriaceae Infections, Fish Diseases, Plasmids, Zebrafish}, issn = {0899-7659}, doi = {10.1080/08997659.2013.782226}, author = {Hawke, John P and Kent, Michael L and Rogge, Matt and Baumgartner, Wes and Wiles, Judy and Shelley, Johnny and Savolainen, L Christine and Wagner, Robert and Murray, Katy and Peterson, Tracy S} }


text:
Our team is developing a SPO2 measurement instruments by ADPD144. However, several problems were found.
The first one, the optical sensor VREF voltage ac coupling measurement was a sawtooth wave;
the second, through the FIFO continuous read the IR and RED 500 sampling data is change each channel;
Third, cover the sensor with your finger, the data is unchanged;
the fourth one, can you help provide demo code?


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text: Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to produce a decision support aid for machine tool owners to utilise while deciding upon a maintenance strategy. Furthermore, the decision support tool is adaptive and capable of suggesting different strategies by monitoring for any change in machine tool manufacturing accuracy. Design/methodology/approach: A maintenance cost estimation model is utilised within the research and development of this decision support system (DSS). An empirical-based methodology is pursued and validated through case study analysis. Findings: A case study is provided where a schedule of preventative maintenance actions is produced to reduce the need for the future occurrences of reactive maintenance actions based on historical machine tool accuracy information. In the case study, a 28 per cent reduction in predicted accuracy-related expenditure is presented, equating to a saving of £14k per machine over a five year period. Research limitations/implications: The emphasis on improving machine tool accuracy and reducing production costs is increasing. The presented research is pioneering in the development of a software-based tool to help reduce the requirement on domain-specific expert knowledge. Originality/value: The paper presents an adaptive DSS to assist with maintenance strategy selection. This is the first of its kind and is able to suggest a preventative strategy for those undertaking only reactive maintenance. This is of value for both manufacturers and researchers alike. Manufacturers will benefit from reducing maintenance costs, and researchers will benefit from the development and application of a novel decision support technique.


text:
BC chicken farmers are committed to keep their chickens comfortable and healthy. All BC chicken farmers participate in Chicken Farmers of Canada's Animal Care program, a standard with a strong set of program requirements, annual audits, mandatory regulations, and enforcement measures.
Preparing for New Chicks
Before new chicks arrive on the farm, BC chicken farmers ensure that the entire barn and all of the equipment is properly cleaned and readied, including laying down a fresh layer of soft, clean bedding.
As the chickens grow, BC chicken farmers walk through their barns several times a day to examine the birds' health, to check water and feed lines, and to ensure the automated computerized equipment is fully functioning.
Chickens eat grain consisting of corn, barley, wheat and a lot of protein from soy or canola meal as well as vitamin and mineral supplements. While the specific feed formulations vary from one feed mill to another, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency closely regulates the ingredients in the feed.
There are no hormones or steroids used in chicken feed. In fact, the use of hormones and steroids in Canadian poultry production has been illegal since the 1960s.
All barns used for raising chicken in BC have automatic feeding systems that allow the birds to eat whenever they want. Chickens gain about 50 times their body weight in about 40 days. In most cases, chickens are ready to be sold on the market as broilers at about 35 to 36 days of age, weighing around 2kg.
BC chickens are also provided with constant access to fresh, clean water that is delivered through a nipple drinking system. The water supply lines are introduced to the chicks when they first arrive in the barn, so that they can learn to get water by pecking at the shiny droplets of water the nipples produce. As the chickens grow, the water supply lines are raised to match the height of the birds to ensure that the water line is comfortable to drink from.
BC chicken farmers clean and disinfect their water lines before each new flock, as well as test the water on an annual basis for the presence of bacteria.
BC chicken farmers have computerized systems that control the temperatures in the barn, keep the air fresh, and control the lighting systems. BC chicken farms are equipped with vents and powerful fans that are used to ensure the air in the barn is always fresh. The vents and fans in each barn are designed to work in conjunction with a heat source, such as brooders or space heaters, to ensure that the temperature level remains comfortable regardless of the temperature outside.
When the chicks first arrive, the barns are heated to between 29-32 degrees Celsius. As the chicks age and develop more feathers, they are better able to regulate their own body heat and barn temperatures are gradually reduced to 21-23 degrees Celsius for fully grown broiler chickens. All automated systems are backed up by a generator to ensure that the systems remain running at optimal efficiency and that the birds continue to be comfortable. Alarm systems are used to alert chicken farmers by phone or pager in the event of a power outage or if the barn temperature is not correct. For this reason, chicken farmers must stay within close proximity of their farm at all times when they have chickens in their barns.
Between flocks, BC chicken farmers clean out the barn, removing all manure and dust. They also clean and sanitize the waterlines.
Once a year, BC chicken farmers wash their barns from top to bottom with water, spraying a disinfectant on all the walls and equipment to create a sterilized environment.
To protect chickens from predators and reduce their exposure to disease, most chickens in Canada are raised indoors. All BC chicken farmers follow strict biosecurity protocols designed to reduce the ability of viruses, bacteria, and parasites from entering their barns. Protecting poultry from pathogens is known as biosecurity, which includes measures that prevent disease from being transferred from one poultry farm to the next.
BC chicken farmers follow the national requirements for biosecurity put in place by Chicken Farmers of Canada's On-Farm Food Safety Program to reduce the risk of disease transfer. Some of the national requirements include:
- Keeping all barn doors locked to prevent unexpected visitors from getting inside.
- Changing their boots prior to entering the barn and again upon leaving.
- Keeping detailed log books that record all traffic that comes on the farm and when each person was there.
In addition to the national standards for biosecurity, the BC chicken farmers follow additional standards developed by the BC Poultry Association which require:
- All BC poultry producers (including farmers with turkeys and laying hens) to have closed, lockable gates at the farms entrance.
- Wash stations at the gate, so vehicles can be cleaned when entering and exiting the farm.
- Hand-sanitizing stations at the entrance of each barn.
- Visitors to wear disposable coveralls over their clothing.
- For more information on how chickens are raised in Canada, check out the Let's Talk Chicken website.
Join Chicken Squad Intelligence reporter Kelli as she investigates animal care
From Broiler Breeder to Hatchery
For information on broiler breeders, please see the BC Broiler Breeder Hatching Egg Commission's webpage.


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Concordance Results
The selected word "airy" appears twice in the following 2 texts (sorted by results):
 1. Ode on the Spring (1 result)
 39 Or chilled by age, their airy dance
 2. Stanzas to Mr Bentley (1 result)
 7 Each dream, in fancy's airy colouring wrought,
2 Texts (2 results)


text:
For Immediate Release: October 4, 2007
Contact: CDC′s Division of Media Relations
Smoking Rates Highest Among People with Disabilities
Health Disparities Persist Among People with Disabilities
Smoking prevalence among people with disabilities is nearly 50 percent higher than among people without disabilities (29.9 percent vs. 19.8 percent), according to a new study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Preventing Chronic Disease. The study found that in 2004, smoking prevalence for people with disabilities is highest in Delaware (39.4 percent) and lowest in Puerto Rico (16.5 percent).
The study found that about 70 percent of people with disabilities who smoke and had visited a doctor in the last year had been advised to quit smoking. However, more than 40 percent of those advised to quit reported not being told about the types of tobacco-cessation treatment available.
"About 50 million Americans are living with a disability and most Americans will experience a disability some time during the course of their lives," said Dr. Edwin Trevathan, director of CDC′s National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities. "The release of these findings during Disability Awareness Month reminds us that disparities persist in the health and health care of people with disabilities."
People who stop smoking greatly reduce their risk of dying prematurely. Benefits are greater for people who stop at earlier ages, but cessation is beneficial at all ages. Smoking cessation lowers the risk for lung and other types of cancer. The risk for developing cancer declines with the number of years of smoking cessation.
Quitting smoking is the most important step smokers can take to improve their overall health and reduce their risk for disease. Approximately 10 percent of smokers have a smoking-related chronic disease, primarily heart disease or emphysema. Smokers who quit will, on average, live longer and have fewer years living with disability.
Disparities in smoking prevalence, in addition to barriers to the use of preventive services (such as traveling to a doctor′s appointment) put people with disabilities at risk for declining health. Researchers are unsure why the smoking prevalence is higher in people with disabilities, but it is an area for further examination. However, research confirms that people with disabilities are less likely than people without disabilities to receive preventive health care and therefore are more subject to illness and disease. As per the 2005 Surgeon General′s Call to Improve the Health and Wellness of Persons with Disabilities, the resulting higher health care expenditure costs and productivity losses for people with disabilities, which exceeds $300 billion, can be understood as a result of too little attention to the other health needs of these individuals by health providers.
This data were collected from the 2004 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) from the 50 states, the District of Columbia and the two U.S. territories for which data were available—Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The BRFSS is an ongoing, state-based, random-digit-dialed telephone survey of the civilian, non-institutionalized U.S. population aged 18 years or older. It is designed to collect information on demographics, health status, behavioral health risk factors and preventive health behaviors.
The 2004 BRFSS questionnaire included two questions on disability screening: "Are you limited in any way in any activities because of physical, mental, or emotional problems?" and "Do you now have any health problem that requires you to use special equipment, such as a cane, a wheelchair, a special bed, or a special telephone?" Respondents were defined as having a disability if they answered yes to either of these questions.
People with and without disabilities who smoke can call 1-800-QUIT-NOW (_PHONE_) (TTY _PHONE_) or visit _URL_ for quitting assistance. The toll-free number is a single access point to the National Network of Tobacco Cessation Quitlines. Callers are automatically routed to their state′s quitline services.
- Historical Document: October 4, 2007
- Content source: Office of the Associate Director for Communication
- Notice: Links to non-governmental sites do not necessarily represent the views of the CDC.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1600 Clifton Rd
Atlanta, GA 30333
TTY: _PHONE_
- Contact CDC-INFO


move the square to its position and hit the square button as fast as
you can. If you are too slow you will miss the number and it will have changed
by then. If you are fast enough this number will be locked and a couple of
combinations will turn grey above.
You will only have to watch out for those numbers you haven't locked yet.
Repeat this method until there is either only one combination left in the
larger screen, in which case you should hit the x-button to use it, or, in case
there are more combinations left, choose the one you want to try.
The figure next to the row with the moving numbers will tell you how many you
will be able to lock. If you have to abandon the hack the figure will go down
so it is advisable to save your game before hacking a computer or door. The
figure will also go down if you miss a number while trying to lock it. If the
hack fails completely you will raise an alarm.
Such a failure can also occur if you are run out of time. There is a little
stroke moving from right to left above the row of changing numbers. This is the
timer. If it reaches the left side before you are done an alarm will be the
Here some useful tips sent in by Nataly. This will make hacking a lot easier
and will propably prevent you from having to guess the correct code:
1.A.while hacking, its alot better to try to get the first # in the sequence
locked, it really narrows down all of those #'s to a single set.
1.B.when confronted by 2 or 3 sets of #'s look at the numbers you haven't
locked yet in the sequence below. The #'s that appear and dont light up are not
the #'s---obviously that means you can strike those #'s out of the remaining
sets and pick the correct set w/out having to wait for the#'s to light up.
works for me all the time... : )
 V. Walkthrough
Lighthouse: the Dungeons
CHECKPOINT. Once the opening cinema is over you'll be once again in control of
Sam Fisher.
Since there won't be an introduction to Sam's movements this time, you are
advised to check out the trainings videos in advance.
Proceed until you reach a lit area. There are no enemies around at the
moment, but you might want to shoot the light for the sake of the game. You'll
see another smaller light to the right on some rocks near the wall (don't shoot
it from a close range). Climb up there in order to find an entrance in the
wall to your right. Follow the path and enter the crawl space and exit on the
other side. Climb the wall ahead of you and encounter your first two enemies.
My advice is to stay on the platform just below the surface. One of your
enemies will eventually walk past you and turn his back to your position. Be
fast to climb up and sneak up behind him. If you do it right you will be able
to grab him and drag him with you onto the platform before his friend gets
near. Interrogate him if you feel like it, the other guard won't hear you. He
might even be stupid enough to take the same position your previous victim
did, so send them both to sleep one after another.
Now cross the bridge and follow the corridor to the right. There is a guy
practicing his shooting abilities which causes a lot of noise. Use it to your
advantage when proceeding forward. The easiest way to take him out is to shoot
the light from a safe position in the dark area near the entrance. This will
cause him to snoop around and all you have to do is to send a bullet to his
head. The more elegant solution is to get your timing right and sneak up to one
of the wooden beams underneath the ceiling. Grab it, pull yourself up including
your legs and cause the guard to come for you. Then...surprise him.
Time to use your EEV. Simply check out the crate to your left. (You will know
which crates to check out when you use your EMF - those objects which are
shining brightly are the ones you can interact with.)
Turn right and go up the stairs. Follow the corridor and you will hear someone
screaming. That guy is obviously in trouble, so lock-pick the door to the left
and prepare to take on two guards.
Here the assault solution: Hurry down the stairs and get your SC-20K ready.
Climb onto the box and send a bullet into the wall near the doorway you see
ahead. Now you will need a fast trigger finger because these boys are fast.
They will come running out of the doorway trying to get into a good position to
shoot you. They might even split up if you are not fast enough, so make sure
you are ready to shoot them the second they pass your crosshairs.
You could also wait until the guards have finished their conversation, then
one of them will go for a walk. This will give you the opportunity to take them
on one by one.
Morgenholt is most likely already dead, you can still cut him down though.
If you shoot Morgenholt Lambert won't be pleased with your good intentions...
Go back upstairs and use the medikit if you need to. Then open the door again
to see the second crate you need to scan with your EEV. Done with it go back to
where you found Morgenholt and turn right to enter the fortress.
Lighthouse: the fortress
CHECKPOINT. Use your thermal vision to checkout the tent to your right. This
guard looks busy, let's end his shift. Cut the material of the tent and grab
him from behind. You can interrogate him if you want to. Time to leave. Return
to your starting point and shoot the light above the door ahead. This will
probably cause a guard to come out. If you are fast enough you can get rid of
him straight away. Otherwise wait until he takes up his patrol again and sneak
up to the doorway. It is also possible that the guard isn't there yet, then
simply wait for his return and take him out. Hurry to hide his body, another
guard could be coming any second. (He sometimes doesn't, don't ask me why).
Check out the next door with your optic cable, but be prepared to withdraw
quickly in case he is already behind it. Once in the next yard, check out the
tent-like thing to your right. There is the third crate you need to scan. If
you want to save yourself some trouble proceed to the right and climb into the
the crawl space. Once outside use the one to the left as well. And left again.
If you take the other route which will end up at exactly the same point, you
will have to take out two guards in the next yard (or the one after that if you
let them get away in the first one). Get upstairs and pick the lock.
Quiet now! You can pass this room without any further action, simply sneak to
the left to the doorway, but if you are keen on it grab the guy on the chair
and present him with sweet dreams. If you managed to get injured somewhere
along the way use the medikit on the wall near the door you came in.
Now head down the stairs. Simply follow the corridor and go up the stairs at
its end. If you are quiet enough you can grab the technician near the computer
and interrogate him. Then scan the crate near the door you came in and use the
computer in order to delete Morgenholt's files. You can also read the listed
e-mails. Now exit through the door to the left and follow the corridor until
you reach a room with a trap door. Climb down there to enter the lighthouse.
Lighthouse: the lighthouse
CHECKPOINT. There is quite a simple way to take out the two guards ahead. Shoot
the light in the yard but stay in the room you dropped into. The guards will
come to check out what happened. Since they will be lined up one after another
all you have to do is to shoot them before they are able to react. Just aim for
the head.
Now scan the last crate which is to the left of the doorway, then head down the
stairs to the left. Follow the corridor and go down the ladder. Since you can't
open the next door climb up and jump down on the other side. Proceed and you'll
might be warned by a shadow on the wall that you are not alone. Either shoot
the guard in the back or, if he is already too far away,'switch off' the
lights. This will probably alarm him so get rid of him fast because he will be
using a flare to check out the scene. Hide his body and follow the path. One
more guard between you and the lighthouse. Shoot him from a distance otherwise
the moonlight will give you away.
Approach the lighthouse and open the door near the back. Stealth! This way you
will be able to complete your next goal of finding out where the weapons are
coming from. Sneak up to the guy on the radio, but let him finish his
conversation before starting your own with him (interrogate him).
Now climb up the ladder and use the med


Tauranga Montessori Education Trust (TMET) was formed in 2002 with the purpose of supporting the Montessori community in the Bay of Plenty. TMET established Montessori@Bellevue (M@B) in 2002 to provide Montessori Primary education for children aged from 6 to 12 years. Due to growth and increased demand, TMET established a second Montessori Primary unit at Arataki School in Mount Maunganui in 2016.
Our teachers in both locations ensure that children receive the benefits of the Montessori philosophy and curriculum delivered within the framework of the mainstream school, the New Zealand Curriculum and National Standards for Primary Schools. Montessori units are fully integrated within the mainstream schools, giving the children access to the wider school programmes, facilities, social and sporting activities.
The Trustees are a group of dedicated parents who work alongside the Boards of Trustees and the Montessori teaching team. TMET is responsible for governance of the Montessori units whilst management is carried out by a Montessori Management Team within the School, closely supported by the School and its Board of Trustees. The Trustees also look for any opportunity to educate the wider community about the Montessori philosophy of education and to contribute in appropriate ways to that community.
TMET funds Montessori teaching staff salaries which are not funded by the Ministry of Education; Montessori materials; Montessori specific training and staff development. TMET relies on parent donations and fundraising to meet its financial obligations.
The principle objectives of the Trust are:
 1. To promote education via the Montessori philosophy
 2. To establish Montessori education classes to meet demand
 3. To provide guidance where necessary on the establishment and running of Montessori education classes
 4. To provide effective governance to Montessori classes established by the Trust
 5. To liaise with any BOT, Principal or other appropriate education professionals to ensure mutual understanding and solid working relationships to allow Montessori education classes to function effectively
 6. To provide professional development to Montessori teachers working within classes governed by the Trust
 7. To donate, loan or otherwise supply Montessori materials to classes governed by the Trust or to any other institution the Trust deems suitable.
The Statement of Purpose of the Trust is to promote and provide an education inspired by the Montessori philosophy which nurtures in the child a lifelong love of learning through self-discovery.


text:
- Tricks of the Trade: Debt and Imposed Sovereignty in Southernmost Kham in the Nineteenth to Twentieth Centuries
- Cross-Currents: East Asian History and Culture Review
- University of Hawai'i Press
- Volume 5, Number 2, November 2016
- pp. 378-407
- View Citation
Southernmost Kham, which borders Burma and Yunnan Province, remained at the juncture of several mutually competing political centers until the first half of the twentieth century. On the fringes of Tibetan, Naxi, and Chinese expansion and increasing political control, several Tibeto-Burman–speaking groups such as the Drung and Nung gradually became integrated into their neighbors' polities. Their political dependency often arose from trading with and accepting loans from commercial agents and from the intermediaries of local rulers, Naxi and Tibetans alike. This article addresses this practice of providing credit, which was developed at the expense of impoverished groups who were often obliged to accept the terms of the transaction. The author particularly emphasizes the connections between this system of debt dependency, the relationship between creditors and debtors that has to be considered in terms of exchange and reciprocity, and the question of political legitimacy. Within this broader context of regional interethnic relations, the article provides a detailed analysis of the concrete terms of the political relationship that existed between Drung communities and Tibetan chiefs of Tsawarong, which contributes to an understanding of the workings of this relationship and its economic, territorial, and even ritual components.


15 kinds of border activities to be banned in Tibet
PLA Daily
Source: China Military Online
Editor: Xu Yi
2021-04-07 17:53:49
BEIJING, Apr. 7 -- The official WeChat account of Tibet Daily issued a notice about bans on 15 kinds of border activities in the Tibet Autonomous Region on April 6.
Formulated in accordance with China's Criminal Law, Law on Penalties for Administration of Public Security, Exit and Entry Administration Law and other laws, regulations and related policy documents, the notice is jointly issued by several departments involving public security, commerce, tourism and foreign affairs in the Tibet Autonomous Region, aiming to strengthen the border control and maintain the security and stability in border areas.
According to the notice, the following border activities will be strictly prohibited:
I. Without a valid border pass or relevant approval, entering the border control areas, border zones, as well as specific areas, restricted military areas, forbidden military areas and areas with "No Entry" signs along the border, is prohibited.
II. Rejecting and evading border inspection are prohibited.
III. Forgery, alteration, trading, fraudulent acquisition and use of various border passes are prohibited.
IV. Organizing or transporting, taking in, or harbouring people without valid border pass or relevant approval to pass through the border control area are prohibited.
V. Funding, assisting, organizing, or transporting others to cross the border illegally are prohibited.
VI. Surveying and mapping, prospecting, mining, logging, blasting, conducting scientific investigation, mountaineering, and other activities without relevant authorities' approval in border control areas, restricted military areas and forbidden military areas are prohibited.
VII. Carrying, transporting and disseminating prohibited books, pictures, audiovisual products, electronic products, etc., which may endanger national security and undermine national unity, are prohibited.
VIII. Without authorization, flying "low, slow and small" unmanned aircraft vehicles, and disposing unidentified aircrafts, flying objects, floating objects or other suspicious objects are prohibited.
IX. Hunting, collecting and smuggling national protected rare animals and plants are prohibited.
X. Damaging, moving and dismantling the facilities of transportation, communication, water conservancy, hydrology, electricity, surveying and mapping, border defense, and protection of land resources on the front line of the state (border) line without authorization are prohibited.
XI. Damaging or moving or dismantling the state (border) boundary markers and the topographic markers of the state (border) location without authorization, building facilities that affect the direction or clearness of the state (border) boundary without authorization, and engraving on or altering the state (border) boundary markers are prohibited.
XII. Damaging military installations, interfering with military communications, stealing military communication lines and equipment, attacking forbidden military areas, and disrupting the order of restricted military areas are prohibited.
XIII. Obtaining relevant confidential information and materials through photographing, recording and other methods without the relevant authorities' approval are prohibited.
XIV. Obstructing, abusing, or insulting the staff of state organs in performing their official duties according to law are prohibited.
XV. Engaging in other activities that endanger the border order is prohibited.
According to the notice, anyone who violates these above-mentioned prohibitions will be held accountable according to law, and transferred to the judicial authorities if the action constitutes a crime.
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text:
Now you can answer the telephone without anyone recognizing your voice.Press a button and completely change your voice. A man can sound like a stranger, a woman like a man, or a grand-dad like a child. With the Voice Transformer's pitch slider, you can control pitch independently, while its formant slider works to effectively control the vocal cords and shape of the vocal tract. So it can change a male voice into a female or even a child's voice, yet sound completely natural.
10 different voices (5 High and 5 Low)
Easy to use, Just Plug and Play
*Note: This unit must be directly connected to a telephone in order to work


Naked Logo
Analog Interconnects
Made in the USA Over 40 years
Invite Accuracy
Made in the USA Over 40 years
Conductor vulnerability allows free expression of all the music's delicate details. The allure and passion of the soundstage is exposed. Excitement is met with anticipation as the layers of infidelity are removed and music is revealed in its true form.
Strait Render
Rendering of plating process
What are NAKED conductors?
Naked conductors are uninsulated 24AWG solid core copper. These copper conductors have been plated with a thick layer of palladium followed by a thick layer of gold to protect against corrosion. The use of palladium as an intermetallic diffusion barrier opposed to nickel prevents distortions that would be introduced via the magnetic properties of nickel.
Why not just plate gold directly over copper?
While it is possible to plate gold directly over copper the two metals will diffuse into one another forming alloy components. These alloy components have very poor conductivity.
Why use NAKED conductors?
Naked accomplishes the same goals as a traditional insulated conductor.
 1. Inhibition of corrosion: Naked conductors are protected from corrosion through our palladium/gold plating process.
 2. Short circuit prevention: To prevent the 6 uninsulated(per channel) "Naked" conductors from touching causing a short circuit the conductors have been carefully braided with cotton strands. The cotton strands both separate and secure the conductors.
Why cotton?
Cotton possesses excellent dielectric properties in respect to signal fidelity. This parameter is commonly referred to as the dielectric constant. Cotton has a value of 1.3 (1 is the ideal) 2-5 are the common values for most insulating polymers. For example Fluorocarbon has a value of 2.1 and Polyethylene a value of 2.25.


The Northern Quota
News Live from Manchester
Campaign launched to raise awareness of illegal backyard breeding
 - The NQ today launches the Pets Not Profit, _TAG_ campaign.
 - Led by NQ reporter Sarah Kerrigher, the campaign aims to raise more awareness of this illegal act with the intent to reduce the amount of illegal overbreeding in the UK.
Less than 12% of puppies born in Great Britain every year are bred by licensed breeders, meaning 88% of puppies born in the UK are born to unlicensed breeders. New laws have come into place in hope to reduce the number of illegal breeders in the UK –requiring owners to obtain a licence in order to legally breed, with thorough checks being carried out on the living conditions of pets.
Backyard Breeding is a term used to describe amateur animal breeders whose breeding is considered substandard, with little or misguided effort towards ethical, selective breeding. This includes animals that are bred for specific purposes - such as bulldogs for flat faces.
French Bulldogs, bred for their specific facial features.
It is important to note that it is not only the breeders that are to blame for this but also those who buy from unethical breeders, as they are condoning this animal abuse. Many female cats and dogs are forced into overbreeding in awful conditions, where their litter is sold off for outlandish prices, in order for the owner to make a profit.
The campaigns aim is also to encourage people to check conditions thoroughly before adopting animals, in an attempt to stop backyard breeding altogether.
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text:
Definition - What does Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF) mean?
Virtual routing and forwarding (VRF) is a technology within IP based routers that enables them to create and operate multiple instances of a routing table simultaneously. VRF enables a router to create multiple instances of router within it, each of which operates separately and has its distinct and overlapping set of IP addresses.
Techopedia explains Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF)
VRF is primarily implemented for better use of router and segregate network traffic. VRF works like a typical router with its unique routing table, table entries and routing protocols, and it works independently of the core router and other VRF created instances. VRF is similar to virtual routers but the latter uses only one routing table whereas VRF has multiple routing tables. VRF is also used to create VPN tunnels that are solely dedicated to a single client or network.
VRF is also referred to as a routing table that has multiple instances on a VPN power edge (PE) router.


species-0.3.2: Computational combinatorial species
The Species type class
class C s => Species s whereSource
Minimal complete definition: singleton, set, cycle, o, ><, @@, ofSize.
singleton :: sSource
The species X of singletons. Puts a singleton structure on an underlying label set of size 1, and no structures on any other underlying label sets. x is also provided as a synonym.
set :: sSource
The species E of sets. Puts a singleton structure on any underlying label set.
cycle :: sSource
The species C of cyclical orderings (cycles/rings).
linOrd :: sSource
The species L of linear orderings (lists). Since linear orderings are isomorphic to cyclic orderings with a hole, we may take linOrd = oneHole cycle as the default implementation; linOrd is included in the Species class so it can be special-cased for enumeration.
subset :: sSource
The species p of subsets is given by subset = set * set. subset is included in the Species class so it can be overridden when enumerating structures: by default the enumeration code would generate a pair of the subset and its complement, but normally when thinking about subsets we only want to see the elements in the subset. To explicitly enumerate subset/complement pairs, you can use set * set directly.
ksubset :: Integer -> sSource
Subsets of size exactly k, ksubset k = (set 'ofSizeExactly' k) * set. Included with a default definition in the Species class for the same reason as subset.
element :: sSource
Structures of the species e of elements are just elements of the underlying set, element = singleton * set. Included with a default definition in Species class for the same reason as subset and ksubset.
o :: s -> s -> sSource
Partitional composition. To form all (f 'o' g)-structures on the underlying label set U, first form all set partitions of U; for each partition p, put an f-structure on the classes of p, and a separate g-structure on the elements in each class.
(><) :: s -> s -> sSource
Cartisian product of two species. An (f >< g)-structure consists of an f-structure superimposed on a g-structure over the same underlying set.
(@@) :: s -> s -> sSource
Functor composition of two species. An (f @@ g)-structure consists of an f-structure on the set of all g-structures.
ofSizeExactly :: s -> Integer -> sSource
nonEmpty :: s -> sSource
rec :: ASTFunctor f => f -> sSource
'rec f' is the least fixpoint of (the interpretation of) the higher-order species constructor f.
omega :: sSource
Omega is the pseudo-species which only puts a structure on infinite label sets. Of course this is not really a species, but it is sometimes a convenient fiction to use Omega to stand in for recursive occurrences of a species.
Species CycleIndex
An interpretation of species expressions as cycle index series. For the definition of the CycleIndex type, see Math.Combinatorics.Species.Types.
Species GF
Species EGF
Species ESpeciesAST
Species SpeciesAST
Convenience methods
oneHole :: Species s => s -> sSource
A convenient synonym for differentiation. oneHole f-structures look like f-structures on a set formed by adjoining a distinguished "hole" element to the underlying set.
x :: Species s => sSource
A synonym for singleton.
It can be grammatically convenient to define plural versions of species as synonyms for the singular versions. For example, we can use set 'o' nonEmpty sets instead of set 'o' nonEmpty set.
Derived operations
Some derived operations on species.
pointed :: Species s => s -> sSource
Intuitively, the operation of pointing picks out a distinguished element from an underlying set. It is equivalent to the operator x d/dx: pointed s = singleton * differentiate s.
Derived species
octopus :: Species s => sSource
An octopus is a cyclic arrangement of lists, so called because the lists look like "tentacles" attached to the cyclic "body": octopus = cycle 'o' nonEmpty linOrds.
partition :: Species s => sSource
The species of set partitions is just the composition set 'o' nonEmpty sets.
permutation :: Species s => sSource
A permutation is a set of disjoint cycles: permutation = set 'o' cycles.
ballot :: Species s => sSource
The species of ballots consists of linear orderings of nonempty sets: ballot = linOrd 'o' nonEmpty sets.
simpleGraph :: Species s => sSource
Simple graphs (undirected, without loops). A simple graph is a subset of the set of all size-two subsets of the vertices: simpleGraph = subset @@ (ksubset 2).
directedGraph :: Species s => sSource
A directed graph (with loops) is a subset of all pairs drawn (with replacement) from the set of vertices: subset @@ (element >< element). It can also be thought of as the species of binary relations.


text:
Definition of Terms
For this discussion;
- mediated means active participation by a teacher, tutor or facilitator throughout the learning process,
- collaborative means students combining their experiences and capabilities to bring both breadth and depth to their learning, and
- online learning means delivery of education materials and associated communication and administration via a learning management system such as Moodle or Blackboard.
Consistent with online education in general, an obvious benefit of mediated and collaborative online learning is flexibility, especially in terms of a student's geographical location and competing time demands from employment, family and social obligations.
In addition, it is flexible in terms of a student's intellectual and professional interests and their (probable) need for individualised support.
Finally, and perhaps most importantly, it has the benefit of an overarching, externally imposed study discipline.
As with all forms of learning and modes of education, mediated collaborative online learning has characteristics that must be carefully weighed and balanced. First is the process of student socialisation; which is to say, the process of introducing students to, and helping them feel comfortable with, the learning environment. The five stages of Salmon's Model of Online Learning describe this well; beginning with Access and Motivation and then progressing through Online Socialisation, Information Exchange and Knowledge Construction, until reaching the stage of Construction where students take personal responsibility for their learning.
A second important consideration is learning style; which is to say, the need to provide appropriate, or at least multiple media and delivery methodologies (eg text, audio, audio-visual, contemplative, reflective, interactive etc). Variety in the learning environment raises the potential to maintain the attention of students with differing learning preferences.
Academic capabilities is another issue. Where the poorer a student's academic capabilities, the greater the need for an imposed study discipline (eg tasks with follow-up assessment by specific dates). Similarly, the poorer a student's academic capabilities, the greater the need for continuous feedback on performance, focussing not just on absolute performance but also on performance change (eg performance improvements since previous feedback).
Structure is an issue sometimes not recognised as important by non-educators. Online learning, typically, can be structured either by topic or time, but to be effective, mediated and collaborative online learning should be structured by time (perhaps weekly).
Finally, there is assessment, perhaps the most challenging, but sometimes the least considered, issue in education. In formal academic and professional environments, assessment processes are not just for students and not just about achievement of their learning objectives, but should also be used to identify the effectiveness of an education methodology and its application in a particular context.
In an online environment, assessment, whether formative or summative, can be visible or hidden. Where a student produces and submits a piece of work for assessment it is visible, but assessment can also use hidden activities such as whether a student accessed a particular learning object and the time the student spent reading postings to a discussion forum.
Hidden assessments, to be hidden, can not be defined in a subject outline or similar public document, and therefore can not be used to justify a student's grade. They can, however, be used to understand a student's work rate and method, and thus can be a guide to the possible depth of their understanding and to identify opportunities for remedial intervention.
Hidden assessment methods, possible in online learning environments, are most useful in subjects where the expected academic capabilities and quality of assessable artefacts is relatively low.
To illustrate aspects of mediated and collaborative online learning, take as examples two semester-length subjects; a university first year undergraduate subject for recent school-leavers and a postgraduate subject for professionals in full-time employment. The undergraduate subject might be built around a textbook (ideally available in both electronic and hard-copy formats), whereas the postgraduate subject might have no textbook but numerous online readings the total of which is too great for a student to read; meaning that they must select just those readings relevant to their personal interests.
Associated with the undergraduate textbook could be pointers on how to take notes and identify key points, whereas in the postgraduate subject the readings are followed-up with questions such as "what and how can you apply what you have just learnt to your current work environment" or "how can you use what you have just learnt to progress your career as a …"
Sometimes useful is for students to find materials themselves which they then must introduce and justify to their student colleagues. This has the benefit of introducing the students to self-directed study which they can continue after completing their formal coursework.
Both types of subject are supported by audio visual materials (perhaps published through YouTube or similar) though the undergraduate videos are typically how-to type instruction videos whereas the postgraduate materials might be interviews and conference presentations published by universities and other research organisations
In terms of Bloom's Taxonomy in the Cognitive Domain, the intellectual skills developed in the undergraduate subject are probably limited to knowledge recall and evaluation, perhaps sometimes to the level of concept evaluation; whereas the postgraduate subject might consistently involve skills for meaning synthesis and the evaluation of ideas.
Both subjects will use regular discussion forums (perhaps weekly) which should be assessed; both for formative reasons and also to ensure students post regularly and appropriately. In both subjects the discussion forums are the principal tool for student collaboration so the seeding (in the form of meaningful questions) and support (by providing mid-stream direction to conversations or to motivate participants) is critically important. The difference between the subjects is primarily in the types of question used to seed conversations and the intellectual quality of the subsequent discussions. In the undergraduate subject, discussion forums might be supported with elementary, perhaps multiple choice, quizzes focussing on knowledge recall and precision.
This has been a very brief discussion of mediated and collaborative online learning. It has argued that a key benefit of the method is flexibility in terms of student location, time and interests. In addition, and most importantly, it has the benefit of an externally imposed study discipline.
The most important take-away message from this discussion is that mediated and collaborative online learning, like all formal education, it is not a trivial activity. To be effective it requires serious consideration by professional educators familiar with different types of learner, the significance of assessment, the methodology itself and the technologies over which it can be delivered.


Numerical solution of conservation laws with large variations in the local CFL number, requires impractically small time steps for stable, explicit time integration. Implicit time stepping with large time steps is therefore necessary but is computationally expensive and consequently limited to first-order discretization schemes. A numerical scheme that is accurate and at the same time allows large time steps is clearly desirable. We develop a numerical formulation based on the Adaptive Implicit Method (AIM) that achieves both objectives by treating implicitly only a few grid cells that restrict the time step size, and by using high-order spatial discretization in both the implicit and explicit cells. Our novel approach solves the fully coupled transport and flow equations with high order-accuracy within the AIM framework to reduce the computational cost and improve the solution accuracy. We show that high-order discretization is computationally efficient when combined with AIM and leads to significant improvements in accuracy compared to the first-order solution.
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Strong, well-written contracts are important for influencers to protect their rights and establish the terms of their collaborations. Specific contract provisions may vary depending on each influencer's work, but there are some key provisions that are important to be aware of. In this blog, we will discuss the most important contract provisions that influencers should pay attention to and include in their contracts.
- Scope of work: A provision outlining the scope of the influencer's services, specifically the type and frequency of the content to be created, platforms to be used, and milestones or deliverables, is important so that influencers know the boundaries of their content and what is expected of them.
- Compensation and payment: The compensation provision is a key provision for influencers to be aware of because it lays out the terms for how they will be paid. This provision should state whether the influencer will be paid a flat fee, commission, or combination of the two, the payment date, method of payment, and any interest or late payment penalties. Influencers should always include this provision in their contracts to ensure they will get paid for their work.
- Exclusivity and conflicts of interest: This provision discusses whether the influencer must only work exclusively with the brand in the contract for the duration of the agreement, or if the influencer can still work with other brands. Any restrictions on collaborations with competitors or similar brands should be noted here. Influencers are smart to include this provision in their contracts to avoid potential disagreements and understand the limits on what they can and cannot do.
- Intellectual property rights: This provision protects the influencer's content by defining who owns the created content and who has the right to use it, including repurposing, modifying, or licensing content. Influencers should keep an eye out for these provisions to ensure they do not unknowingly sign away their rights to their content.
- Term and termination: The duration of the contract should be specified to avoid any misunderstandings arising later and ensure the influencer knows how long these rights and responsibilities last. Additionally, any grounds for termination, notice periods, or process for termination by either party should be specified.
- Confidentiality and non-disclosure: A provision protecting confidential information shared between the influencer and the brand is important to protect the influencer's sensitive data. When implementing this provision into your contract, it is wise to define how long the confidentiality obligations last.
- Disclosure and compliance: Influencers must be careful to comply with laws and regulations, including disclosing sponsored content, following FTC guidelines, and honoring copyright and trademark laws. These provisions are important for influencers to understand their responsibilities under the contract.
- Indemnification and liability: This provision establishes which party will be held accountable for any claims, damages, or losses arising from the collaboration.
- Dispute resolution: By choosing a preferred method of resolving potential disputes, the parties can establish a fair approach to resolving possible future conflicts. In your contract, you can specify a preference for arbitration, mediation, or negotiation, and the jurisdiction or governing law to be applied.
Contact Venustas Law to review and/or negotiate your contracts!


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Do dogs bite more during a full moon?
The power of the moon is often used to explain a wide range of events - from human insanity to traffic accidents - but do animals feel more inclined to bite humans during the full moon than at other times? Two new studies have come up with different answers.
This week's British Medical Journal (BMJ) carries two studies - one from the UK which finds that you are more likely to be bitten by a dog when the moon is full, and a study from Australia which finds that you're not.
Chapman et al. (Pic: BMJ)A study by Professor Simon Chapan and Stehen Morrell of The University of Sydney showed no positive relation between the full moon and dog bites requiring hospital treatment. They compared dates of admission for dog bites to public hospitals throughout Australia with dates of the full moon, over a 12-month period.
Overall, full moon days were associated with slightly lower admissions (4.6 compared with 4.8 per day). Of 18 peak days (more than 10 admissions per day) the maximum peak centred on the New Year break. Full moons coincided with none of these peaks.
A study by a team in Bradford, UK on the other hand, has found that animals do have an increased propensity to bite humans during the full moon periods. During 1997 to 1999, they identified 1,621 patients attending the accident and emergency department at Bradford Royal Infirmary after being bitten by an animal.
The chance of being bitten was twice as high on or around full moon days, indicating that an association exists between the lunar cycles and changes in animal behaviour. However, the authors suggest that further experiments are needed to verify these results.
So why the difference between the UK and Australia? Are dogs in the UK more aggressive?
"The only explanation I have is that maybe because of a general drabness in England more people take pleasant walks under the full moon and are therefore more available to be bitten by dogs," speculates Professor Chapman who submitted his article to the BMJ without any idea that the other paper was being submitted.
He decided to do the study after a comment from a farmer on a randomised controlled trial he had done on the use of school programs to prevent dogs biting children.
"Don't you scientists know anything?," the farmer said to him. "You should be looking at why they bite - it's because of the full moon!"


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I have a video file of 5 FPS / 8000Hz that I want to speed up 6 times. I want the pitch and playback to increase - can I do this by simply adjusting the file header?
I can't seem to figure out the right parameters to do this with ffmpeg since it actually creates new frames in order to stay at the same speed. I read some similar topics on this website, but can't seem to find anything simple to do with both sound and image.
Is there a way to do this with a command-line tool or can someone explain how to alter this in code?
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1 Answer 1
mencoder has an option to change the speed. A similar question was answered here.
The following command was suggested:
mencoder file.avi -speed 20 -vf scale=720:368,hqdn3d=3:2:3:2,expand=720:480 -ovc xvid -oac pcm -xvidencopts fixed_quant=2 -o out.avi )
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Tuesday, July 9, 2013
Create Screen cast Demo using GIF animation
Animated GIFs can be used to make short software demos, help videos and everything else that doesn't require audio narration. Here are FREE software that helps to an animated GIF may for alternative to screen cast videos:
In addition to.GIF, LICEcap supports its own native lossless.LCF file format, which allows for higher compression ratios than.GIF, higher quality (more than 256 colors per frame), and more accurate timestamping. If you record to.LCF, you can play back the.LCF files within REAPER (and/or use it to convert to.gif or another video format).
Features and options:
Record directly to.GIF or.LCF.
Move the screen capture frame while recording.
Pause and restart recording, with optional inserted text messages.
Global hotkey (shift+space) to toggle pausing while recording
Adjustable maximum recording framerate, to allow throttling CPU usage.
Basic title frame, with or without text.
Record mouse button presses.
Display elapsed time in the recording.


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(629am) Copper Based Plasmonic Catalyst for Efficient and Selective Epoxidation of Propene
Propylene oxide (PO) is a valuable commodity chemical to produce important products such as paints, cosmetics and adhesives, etc. It is commercially produced using liquid phase chlorohydrin or hydroperoxide routes. Each of these routes has inherent limitations owing to the undesired byproducts and high operating cost. Because of these limitations in the existing processes, the direct epoxidation of propylene to PO using a heterogeneous catalyst is the most desirable in view of environmental friendliness and operating costs, and it has been one of the most challenging tasks in catalysis. Additionally, the increasing energy demand in near future will force us to design chemical synthesis processes using renewable energy resources. Developing catalysts that can make use of renewable energy resources like solar energy to make desired valuable chemicals is of critical importance to meet this requirement.
In this contribution, we demonstrate that copper based catalyst exhibit high selectivity in epoxidation of propylene to form PO. We also demonstrate that copper nanostructure, characterized by strong plasmon resonance peak in the visible region, can be used to efficiently harvest visible light (with intensity on the order of solar intensity) and utilize it to drive propylene epoxidation at significantly lower temperature than the epoxidation under pure thermal conditions. Our current results show that copper can be used as highly selective and energy efficient catalyst for the direct epoxidation of propylene. These results gives an insight to design energy efficient catalytic processes with a significant fraction of energy input provided in the form of sunlight.


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My user needs to type freehand notes into an Excel UserForm textbox control. But this requires the accurate spelling of some words that are easy to mis-spell, and accuracy is required. So, at the side of the Userform, I can provide the user with a list of these 'tedious' spellings, each in the form of caption text in a UserForm label control.
In the model below, I can replace text in UserForm textbox with new copied text, or I can append new copied text to existing text. But:
MY QUESTION: how do I inset the copied text into existing text at a position marked by the Cursor in the text box?
MY MODEL (attached file):
When the user clicks a label control (in code below ctl.name = "Label1" ) its caption text is copied to clipboard:
Private MyData As New DataObject
Private Sub Label1_Click()
MsgBox "Copy active in Label1_Click()" 'visual check that click event works
This pastes copied text into textbox1:
Private Sub pasteText_Click()
TextBox1.Text = MyData.GetText
I can append the copied text to existing text in texBox1 by:
TextBox1.Text = TextBox1.Text & " " & MyData.GetText


Analysis case-making cookies
Assignment Help Business Management
Reference no: EM131038385
1. Go over these two cases in details and finish assignment 3-1 posted before the meeting;
2. Be ready to provide your input on how to improve these two processes respectively - your input should be based on your process analysis, not just thoughts or opinions.
Extra credit will be given to students who provide valued insights in class.
Process Analysis Case - 1: Making Cookies
You and your roommate are preparing to launch a small business in your on-campus apartment. You plan to provide fresh cookies to hungry students at night. Your cookie is different from store bought cookies because they are freshly baked and your customer can ask for different special flavors chosen from the menu. In short, you will have the freshest, most exotic cookies anywhere available right on campus.
Baking cookies is simple: place all the ingredients in a mixing bowl and mix them, then spoon the cookie dough onto a tray; put the cookies into the oven, bake them; take the tray out and cool; pack them in a box; then collect money. You already got all the equipment: the mixer, the oven, the trays, and spoons. The ingredients cost about $.60/dozen cookies, and the box costs $.10 per box, which can hold a dozen cookies per box.
The process is described as below. First, taking the order costs no time. You and your roommate have timed the necessary physical operations. The first step is to wash out the mixer's bowl and beaters from the previous batch, add ingredients to the bowl and turn on
mixer (you will perform this step according to the agreement between you and your roommate).
The mixer can hold and mix ingredients for up to three dozen cookies. This step takes 6 minutes no matter how many dozens are mixed. You then spoon the cookies, once a dozen at a time, onto a cookie tray. It takes 2 minutes per tray. Next, performed by your roommate, is to put cookies in the oven and set temperature and time, this takes 1 minute (assuming that this happens every time your roommate puts a new dozen of cookie in). The oven can hold one tray (or one dozen of cookies) at one time. The cookies bake for 9 minutes (so the oven is occupied for 9+1=10 minutes for each dozen). Your roommate also removes the cookies from the oven
and put them aside for cooling, which takes 5 minutes. Then he will pack them into a box and accepting payments. Packing takes 2 minutes every dozen of cookies and it takes 1 minute to receive payment.
Process Analysis Case -2: State Automobile License Renewal Case
Susan Miller, the new manager of Pomona branch office of the state department of motor vehicles is interested in re-designing of the driver's license renewal operations to handle a greater load of renewal applications. Examining the current system, she discovered that each customer followed a fixed sequence of steps with average times in seconds as noted in the table below.
Step (Job)
Times (Sec)
Review application for correctness
Process and record payment
Check file for violations and restriction
Conduct eye test
Photograph application
Issues temporary license
She observed that the work was unevenly divided among the six jobs, and the clerk responsible for checking violations tended to shortcut her task to keep up during peak demand periods. Susan also noted that clerks, paid $12.00 per hour, performed only one job in the current setup.) A photographer was employed at $20.00 per hour to photograph applicants (step 5), and by state policy the temporary license was issued by a uniformed state trooper paid $18.00 per hour.
The sequence of steps performed had some restrictions. Reviewing the application for correctness must be performed first before any other step is taken. Furthermore, the issuing of the temporary license must be the final step. Because a nearby license renewal office was being closed, Susan was told to expect increased demand reaching 120 applications per hour during the peak periods. Under a budge mandate, Susan needed to do a thorough capacity analysis and increase productivity at minimal cost.
1. If an order of cookies is two dozen with two different flavors, what is the flow time of this order if there is no other order in the process (in minutes)? Round answer to the nearest integer if needed. (Refer to Cookie Case Attachment for this question on Process Analysis)
2. You have decided to purchase a new oven, which holds on dozen at a time (it still needs 10 minutes for each dozen cookie in the new oven) Assume that the orders are all one-dozen orders. With these two ovens and the demand rate as 10 dozens per hour, what is the implied utilization rate for the oven? Round your answer to two decimals and ignore the percentage sign.
3. Under the settings of question 2, which resource is the new bottleneck resource?
 - Roommate
 - Mixer
 - Me
 - Oven
Reference no: EM131038385
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text: By some estimates, inappropriate drug prescriptions claim the lives of more Europeans each year than traffic accidents. EU-funded researchers are using ICT to prevent such incidents. A software decision-support system warns healthcare professionals on a case-by-case basis of the potential risks of certain drugs for specific patients. Their ground-breaking system promises to save lives, improve patient care and reduce healthcare costs. PSIP project gathers a team of researchers from across Europe who developed innovative technologies to help doctors prescribe the right drugs based on patients' personal medical histories, the effects and side-effects of the drugs and other situation-specific factors.


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Upper Palaeolithic microblade technology
Begun in 2000, this research project investigates the origin and development of microblade technology in the Upper Palaeolithic of north-central China (30,000 - 8,000 BC).
The microblade technique is a unique flint-knapping method of manufacturing thin small tools (microblades). This prehistoric technology is one common feature of cultural manifestations of the early hunter-gatherers in northeastern Asia and northwestern North America. Most scholars regard microblade technology as compelling evidence for the peopling of the New World at the end of the Late Pleistocene epoch (12,000 - 8,000 BC); they believe that the technology originated in northeastern Asia (the exact area is debatable) and spread into North America (i.e. Alaska and Yukon) via Beringia.
The Shandong province in China represents an intermediate area where the technology may have been transmitted from north-central China to northeastern Siberia or Japan. Although previous studies have suggested that a large number of sites with microblades exist in the region, no detailed study has been conducted.
Field investigations and laboratory analyses of lithic (stone) artifacts have revealed that the Upper Palaeolithic technology in Shandong peninsula is much more complicated than previously thought—the region could be the southern area of a cultural inter-sphere that eventually reached North America.
We have identified four main cultural complexes in the study region: two are associated with microblade technology, and might have had external cultural influences; the other two might be local manifestations. In 2005, our project identified a few bifacial points which feature the "flute" flaking technique, widely present in North America. If proven to be a true flute technology, similar to the Clovis technique of North America dated to 12,000 – 11,000 BP, it presents additional evidence of the technological connection between Old World and New World.
This research has been funded by grants from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (2000 – 2004), the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the ROM Governors. The project is a joint collaboration between the Royal Ontario Museum, the Institute of Archaeology of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and Shandong University.


What is UDF?
A User Defined Function is a custom function defined to perform transformation operations on Pyspark dataframes. Once defined it can be re-used with multiple dataframes. It can also be used as an alternative of for-loops for faster performance.
Why is UDF Needed?
UDF can be used to perform data transformation operations which are not already present in Pyspark built-in functionality. For instance, we have a column with string values and we need to create a new column with string values reversed. There is no built-in function to perform this operation and we need to write a custom function. UDF can be used as an…
Amit Soni
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