[翻译字幕]Words and Their Stories: Bigwig
来源：慢速英语 时间：2012-04-08 08:00:41
Now, the VOA Special English program WORDS AND THEIR STORIES.
Some expressions describe people who are important, or who at least think they are. One such expression is bigwig.
In the seventeenth century, important men in Europe began to wear false hair, called wigs. As years passed, wigs began to get bigger. The size of a man's wig depended on how important he was. The more important he was -- or thought he was -- the bigger the wig he wore. Some wigs were so large they covered a man's shoulders or back.
Today, the expression bigwig is used to make fun of a person who feels important. People never tell someone he is a bigwig. They only use the expression behind his back.
Big wheel is another way to describe an important person. A big wheel may be the head of a company, a political leader, a famous movie star. They are big wheels because they are powerful. What they do affects many people. Big wheels give the orders. Other people carry them out. As in many machines, a big wheel makes the little wheels turn.
Big wheel是另外一种描述重要人物的方式。Big wheel可能是公司负责人、政治领袖、或著名影星。他们是Big wheel，因为他们极具影响力。他们的所作所为能够影响很多人。Big wheels下达命令，其他人来贯彻落实。就像在许多机器中，大轮带动小轮转。
Big wheel [became] a popular expression after World War Two. It probably comes from an expression used for many years by people who fix parts of cars and trucks. They said a person rolled a big wheel if he was important and had influence.
二战后，Big wheel变成一个常用表达，它可能源于轿车或卡车修理工人使用了很多年的一种说法。这些工人称，如果一个人很重要而且有影响力，就由他来转动大轮。
The top of something is the highest part. So it is not surprising that top is part of another expression that describes an important person. The expression is top banana. A top banana is the leading person in a comedy show. The funniest comedian is called the top banana. The next is second banana. And so on.
某个物体的顶部是最高的部分，所以top是另一个描述重要人物的短语的一部分，这并不奇怪。这个短语就是top banana。Top Banana是喜剧中的主角。最有趣的喜剧演员被称为top banana，接下来就是second banana。以此类推。
Why a banana? A comedy act in earlier days often included a part where one of the comedians would hit the others over the head with a soft object. The object was shaped like the yellow fruit: the banana.
Top banana still is used mainly in show business. Yet the expression can also be used to describe the top person in any area.
Top banana仍主要用于娱乐行业。然而，这个短语还可以用来形容任何领域的重要人物。
A kingpin is another word for an important person. The expression comes from the game of bowling. The kingpin is the number one pin. If hit correctly with the bowling ball, the kingpin will make all the other nine pins fall. And that is the object of the game.
So, the most important person in a project or business is the kingpin. If the kingpin is removed, the business or project is likely to fail.
Kingpin is often used to describe an important criminal, or the leader of a criminal gang. A newspaper may report, for example, that police have arrested the suspected kingpin of a car-stealing operation.
This VOA Special English program, WORDS AND THEIR STORIES, was written by Marilyn Christiano. I'm Warren Scheer.


text:
Maternal and Child Health
Office of Capacity Building
The Office of Capacity Building, within the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Program supports the application of best practices and standards of care in order to enhance the units at the state and local levels by providing continuous quality improvement and technical assistance through leveraging resources, eliminating duplication of effort, ensuring accountability and assuring a competent workforce.
Core functions and activities of the Office of Capacity Building is to assist with assuring quality program development and implementation by providing quality improvement, technical assistance and guidance in the following areas:
- Federal and state performance reviews
- Evaluate all functional programmatic line items annual work plans that include accountability and responsibility for compliance and improvement based on federal and state regulations
- Ensure monitoring tools are able to effectively evaluate program operations that identifies relevant variables and methods of measurement as identified in the federal and state regulations
- Review/monitor to ensure programs are clear on processes which include outcomes, deliverables, timelines and their relationship to federal and state regulations
- Ensure work process improvement is linked directly with improving client satisfaction and compliance
- Assess if the program has a vision for improving productivity processes that are beyond "just" cost reduction
- Identify technical assistance and training based on corrective action findings and MCH programs' needs.
- Provide technical assistance and training to MCH programs and community organizations in order to improve and strengthen services
- Provide oversight and directives to MCH programs in the development and implementation of TA work plans
- Identify technical assistance strategies based on best
- Collaborate with MCH programs in the development of building partnerships that will assist in achieving and implementing MCH goals

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Can Industrial Parks Be More Environmentally Friendly?
Although industrial parks are often considered major economic engines for the communities in which they reside, they can also consume environmental resources and produce significant pollution that can negatively affect human health and quality of life. A case study published in Environmental Engineering Science (_URL_ a peer-reviewed journal from Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. (_URL_), describes a systems-based approach to assess and reduce the negative societal and economic impact of industrial parks. The article on sustainability management for industrial parks (_URL_ ) is available on the Environmental Engineering Science website.
"The extent of sustainable economic development is critical to the quality of life that defines various communities," says Domenico Grasso, Ph.D, Editor-in-Chief and Vice President for Research, Dean of the Graduate College, University of Vermont (Burlington). "Industrial parks have long been a cornerstone of regional economic activity and prosperity. This paper by Ching-Ho Chen and colleagues does a wonderful job of helping policy and decision makers evaluate the environmental dimensions and consequences of these important developments."
A team of researchers from Taiwan studied the operation and management of a local industrial park. They measured air and water pollution, solid waste production, land use, and water and energy consumption and proposed a management model based on more sustainable practices. Ching-Ho Chen, National Taipei University of Education, Wei-Lin Liu, Ing-Jia Chiou, Nanya Institute of Technology, and Shu-Liang Liaw, National Central University, describe their work in the article, "Methodology and System of Total Quantity and Sustainability Management for Industrial Parks."
On the Net:

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Backyard or Back Yard – Which is Correct?
A summer gathering of friends to cook food and spend quality time together is an enjoyable activity. It is made better when one person has a house with a yard, and the group can congregate behind his or her house.
When part of a yard is behind a house or other building, that part is called the backyard. Or is it the back yard? Continue reading to learn more.
What is the Difference Between Backyard and Back Yard?
In this post, I will compare backyard vs. backyard. I will outline which spelling is correct and use it in several example sentences, so you can see how it appears in context.
Plus, I will show you a helpful memory tool that makes it easier to choose either back yard or backyard next time you need one of these words.
When to Use Backyard
backyard versus back yardWhat does backyard mean? Backyard can be a noun or an adjective.
As a noun, backyard means the part of a property that is behind a house or other structure. In suburban America, you are likely to find a garden, a trampoline, a swimming pool, a shed, or a grill (or all of these things) in this area.
Here are a few examples,
 - After Jill returned from her ride, she locked her bicycle in the shed in her backyard so no one would steal it.
 - When Joel and Victoria were shopping for a home, they insisted that the property include a spacious backyard for their 14 children.
 - An Oregon family's golden retriever has been honored by a sheriff for digging up $85,000 worth of black tar heroin in a family's backyard. –New York Post
Backyard can also be an adjective, where it describes an activity that takes place in the rear part of a property. A family might host a backyard barbecue, for instance. A backyard patio is a patio that is situated in the backyard.
Here are a few more examples of backyard as an adjective,
 - Christina begged her parents to let her have a backyard pool party for her 16th birthday.
 - Carmelina loved going to Maxwell's backyard cookouts because she knew Marc would be there.
When to Use Back Yard
how to spell backyardWhat does back yard mean? Back yard has the same meaning as backyard but is composed of two separate words, rather than compounded into a single word.
Both versions are accepted. Generally, in English, word phrases function as either nouns or verbs, while compounds function as adjectives. Indeed, the hyphenated compound back-yard also appears as an adjective, albeit only rarely.
This chart isolates the usage of back yard vs. back yard vs. back-yard as adjectives:
what is the meaning of backyard
As you can see, backyard is much more common as an adjective than either of the other two versions.
This chart graphs the same words, but as nouns:
backyard one word or two
Once again, backyard predominates, although back yard has a much stronger showing here.
These charts aren't exhaustive in their scope, however, since they only look at books published since 1800, to the exclusion of other print sources. Still, they illustrate a clear long-term usage trend.
Interestingly, the same rule doesn't hold true for the part of a yard that is in front of a house. Front yard has no compound version and is only ever used as two separate words.
Trick to Remember the Difference
There is no standard version of this term, so you could use whichever variant seems most natural to you.
That said, backyard is much more common as both an adjective and a noun. Since this is the spelling with which your readers will be most familiar, your writing will be easier for audiences to read if you use the one-word backyard.
Since backyard is a single word, like backpedal and backpack, you can remember that all these compound words that start with back are single words.
Is it backyard or back yard? Backyard and back yard are two variants of a term that means the rear part of a property and can be used as an adjective or a noun.
 - Both spellings are acceptable.
 - Backyard is preferred in all contexts.


From Eclipsepedia
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Permissions are created for you in the background by the SDK as you build your application, but they don't seem to have any effects. That's because by default, you're using the "anonymous" security filter and because you're being granted the "all" permission. This chapter shows you how to change that.
This page is an optional addition to the Minicrm Step-by-Step Tutorial and uses it as a starting point.
What is this chapter about?
This chapter is about authorization and authentication.
When creating forms and table pages, the wizards have always created Permission classes in the background:
 - CreateCompanyPermission
 - ReadCompanyPermission
 - UpdateCompanyPermission
 - DeleteCompanyPermission (actually, you will have to create this permission yourself if you implement a delete menu)
We want to create an Administration View where Users get assigned Roles. These Roles have have Permissions. When a user logs in, the appropriate Permissions are loaded.
For this to work, users must be authenticated. We'll add a SecurityFilter to handle this.
This chapter assumes that you're pretty proficient at creating tables, forms and services. No more hand-holding. :)
The Apache Derby example database already contains the following tables:
The PERSON table has a USERNAME column.
Let us create two roles before we get started:
INSERT INTO minicrm.ROLE (role_nr, name) VALUES (1, 'Administrator');
INSERT INTO minicrm.ROLE (role_nr, name) VALUES (2, 'Standard');
If you want to take a look at the database using a command line tool, check this section of the tutorial.
Create a new Lookup Call RoleLookupCall.
The RoleLookupService uses this statement:
 return "" +
 "SELECT ROLE_NR, " +
 " NAME " +
 "FROM ROLE " +
 "WHERE 1=1 " +
 " AND ROLE_NR = :key " +
 " AND UPPER(NAME) LIKE UPPER(:text||'%') " +
 " ";
Person Form
Create a Person Form and a Person Process Service to create and edit persons. Make sure you use the same class names if you want to copy and paste the SQL statements later in this section.
Label Class Name Column Name Type
Name NameField LAST_NAME String
First Name FirstNameField FIRST_NAME
Employer EmployerField COMPANY_NR SmartField (CompanyLookupCall)
Username UsernameField USERNAME String
Roles RolesField USER_ROLE.ROLE_NR ListBox (RoleLookupCall, Grid H 4)
Add a "New Person..." and a "Edit Person..." menu to the PersonTablePage.
protected void execAction() throws ProcessingException {
 PersonForm form = new PersonForm();
 if (form.isFormStored()) {
public void execAction() throws ProcessingException {
 PersonForm form = new PersonForm();
 if (form.isFormStored()) {
Process Service
Here are the SQL statements you will need.
SQL.selectInto("" +
 "FROM PERSON " +
 "INTO :personNr"
 , formData);
SQL.insert("" +
 "VALUES (:personNr, :name, :firstName, :employer, :username)"
 , formData);
SQL.insert("" +
 "VALUES (:personNr, :{roles})"
 , formData);
SQL.selectInto("" +
 " FIRST_NAME, " +
 " COMPANY_NR, " +
 " USERNAME " +
 "FROM PERSON " +
 "WHERE PERSON_NR = :personNr " +
 "INTO :name, " +
 " :firstName, " +
 " :employer, " +
 " :username"
 , formData);"" +
 "WHERE USER_NR = :personNr " +
 "INTO :roles"
 , formData);
SQL.update("" +
 " LAST_NAME = :name, " +
 " FIRST_NAME = :firstName, " +
 " COMPANY_NR = :employer, " +
 " USERNAME = :username " +
 "WHERE PERSON_NR = :personNr"
 , formData);
SQL.delete("" +
 "WHERE USER_NR = :personNr "
 , formData);
SQL.insert("" +
 "VALUES (:personNr, :{roles})"
 , formData);
If you're working in a multilingual environment, this is what it might look like:
Administration Outline
Create the following outline on the client side:
Administration Outline
 ├─Role Table Page
 │ │
 │ └─Permission Table Page
 └─Permissions Table Page
Additional table pages might be useful: which roles use a particular permission? which users have a particular role? These are left as an exercise for the reader.
Invisible Outline?
If you create a new outline in the folder All Outlines you will not see it when you restart the client. You should create a new outline beneath your Desktop instead. The SDK will not only create an outline for you, it will also register it on the Desktop and it will create a button for it.
Permission Table Page and Outline Service
We'll be using this table in two places, thus we need a variable for the role (RoleNr).
If a role is provided, we need a service on the server side to provide these. Create a new outline service (AdministrationOutlineService) with an operation to get all the roles (getPermissionTableData) with a single argument of type Long (roleNr).
public Object[][] getPermissionTableData(Long roleNr) throws ProcessingException {
 return"" +
 "WHERE ROLE_NR = :roleNr "
 , new NVPair("roleNr", roleNr));
If no role is provided, we list all the permissions. These are all available on the client. We don't need service on the server side to fetch them. Thus, on the client side, things look a bit different. Here's execLoadTableData for the newly created PermissionTablePage.
 if (getRoleNr() == null) {
 ArrayList rows = new ArrayList();
 BundleClassDescriptor[] permissions = SERVICES.getService(IPermissionService.class).getAllPermissionClasses();
 for (int i = 0; i < permissions.length; i++) {
 if (permissions[i].getBundleSymbolicName().contains("minicrm")) {
 else {
 // Skip bookmark permissions and other permissions that are not specific to our application
 Object[][] data = new Object[rows.size()][1];
 for (int i = 0; i < rows.size(); i++) {
 data[i][0] = rows.get(i);
 return data;
 else {
 return SERVICES.getService(IAdministrationOutlineService.class).getPermissionTableData(getRoleNr());
Don't forget to create a column for your table page!
This is what you'd like to see:
Minicrm Administration Permissions.png
(Using the Swing client because we will have to create additional menus to switch outlines when using SWT.)
Role Table Page and Outline Service
Create a new table page in the administration outline (RoleTablePage) with two columns (non-displayable RoleNr of type Long and a String column called Role).
If you want to change the order of the child tapes, edit the execCreateChildPages method of the AdministrationOutline.
Add a new service operation to the AdministrationOutlineService called getRoleTableData. This one is very simple:
public Object[][] getRoleTableData() throws ProcessingException {
 return"" +
 "FROM ROLE");
Use it on the execLoadTableData operation of the table page:
 return SERVICES.getService(IAdministrationOutlineService.class).getRoleTableData();
Add the PermissionTablePage as a child to the RoleTablePage. Note how the SDK already guessed that you will want to pass the primary of the current row to the child page:
protected IPage execCreateChildPage(ITableRow row) throws ProcessingException {
 PermissionTablePage childPage = new PermissionTablePage();
 return childPage;
If everything worked as intended, this is how it should look:
Minicrm Administration Roles.png
No data is visible because the permissions haven't been assigned to roles, yet. This will be our next task.
Assigning Permissions to Roles
We will create a menu which calls a tiny form to assign one or more permissions to a role. The form will contain nothing but a smart field with roles.
Let's start with the form.
Create a new form called AssignToRoleForm; do not create am Id (no AssignToRoleNr). On the second page of the wizard, get rid of the ModifyHandler, the ReadAssignToRolePermission and the UpdateAssignToRolePermission.
Add a smart field RoleField using LookupCall RoleLookupCall.
Add a variable of type String called Permission. Now do something which the SDK doesn't do for you: change the type of m_permission from String to String[] and change getPermission and setPermission to match.
Switch to the AssignToRoleProcessService and remove the load and store operations. (You may have to remove them from the interface IAssignToRoleProcessService as well.)
For the moment, there is nothing to do for the prepareCreate operation. For the create operation, use the following statement:
SQL.insert("" +
 "VALUES (:role, :{permission})"
 , formData);
Switch to the PermissionTablePage and add a menu called AssignToRoleMenu


Figure 3: Schematic energy model of the n-type semiconductor/electrolyte interface before (a) and after (b) the establishment of equilibrium. The presence of surface states in the semiconductor is neglected. 𝐷 r e d and 𝐷 o x correspond to the distribution functions of the density of states for reduced and oxidized species, respectively, of the redox system (the energy distribution of reduced and oxidized species is different due to different solvation; 𝜆 is the reorganization energy). Φ, 𝜒, and IE are the work function, electron affinity, and ionization energy, respectively, of the semiconductor (index S) and of the electrolyte (index E).


1. World Map/
 2. Asia/
 3. India/
 4. Where is Indore
Where is Indore, India?
map showing the location of Indore
Indore is a city found in Madhya Pradesh, India. It is located 22.72 latitude and 75.83 longitude and it is situated at elevation 550 meters above sea level.
Indore has a population of 1,837,041 making it the biggest city in Madhya Pradesh. It operates on the BURT time zone.
Quick facts
Country India
Special region Madhya Pradesh
Population 1,837,041
Elevation 550 m over sea level
Time Zone BURT
Longitude 75.833300
Latitude 22.717920
Trending on WorldAtlas
This page was last updated on October 2, 2015.


Which breeds of dogs are the most stubborn?
Most dogs are stubborn for the same reasons as humans. Some of them are simply born stubborn and masterful, some are born leaders and have corresponding temper, and some simply do not know how to behave. However with patience and with proper training, even the most stubborn dog can become indispensable friend and protector.
Which breeds of dogs are the most stubborn?
Stubborn rocks
Some breeds are harder to train than others. Some of these breeds can grow aggressive if not trained properly. Among the small breeds are dachshunds, chihuahua, pug and dwarf pincher – considered one of the most stubborn. All kinds Terriers, from Parson to Bull Terriers, have a well-known stubborn character. Among larger breeds, relatively rebellious working and protective breeds such as boarders Collie, Rottweiler, Doberman, Newfoundland and Golden Retriever.
Perhaps this is not stubbornness
Your dog may not be stubborn, sometimes she may just feel that she has no good reason to do what you mean ask for. Ask yourself what is the benefit for the dog to commit any action, and give her something that she can appreciate. For example, all terriers were bred for hunting, not for entertainment. So if you want to play with him just give him a reason to return the ball to you.
Some dogs were bred to perform certain tasks. without human intervention and therefore need little praise from the owner. For example, hunting or herding dogs could not to do their job if they expected attention from people. In this the group, in addition to terriers, also gets the majority of huskies and spaniels. Always consider for what purpose your breed.
There are other reasons.
Some dogs, such as shepherds, are especially sensitive to the emotions of his master. Your mood can greatly affect your pet's behavior and make learning difficult. More he upsets you, the more he upsets himself. Besides, often dominant behavior in some dogs can be caused external factors, such as annoying behavior of others. Or a dog as it grows older can just sometimes marry framework "as children do.
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This is what use to get a circle:
GeometricShapeFactory shape = new GeometricShapeFactory(gf);
 shape.setCentre(new Coordinate(40.748754,-73.985460));//Empire Sate Building
 shape.setSize(2* (10*0.009));//expect 10km radius
 final Polygon circle = shape.createEllipse();//createCircle deprecated
What I get is a weird ellipse. I know that closer to the equator we get'more perfect' circle but still, is it valid circle for radius of 10km with ESB as a center point?
ellipse generated by jts over nyc
Reading Dr. Ian Turton posts, github repo, and other great materials he shares, I know that I can use geotools and do that differently but I would like to stick with that approach.
I am writting an application. In MySQL I store malls with their location (spatial type Point). What I want to do is to get malls from db that are in a certain circle (via ORM). In order to do that I have to create a Polygon(circle, linearring) in which orm will look. And Instead of using complicated calculations (and additional library). I thought I can use GeometricShapeFactory from jts lib I am already using. But because I am less than beginner what it comes to these things, all I wanted to ask, is whether or not the vertical ellipse generated by jts is valid for my purposes or not?
I am using google maps (as basemap).
My question: Based on the fact that my ellipse is just wrong (considering given radius it should be a perfect circle - _USER_ comment), how can I generate a proper Polygon(circle, linearring) based on radius and center point? (I am going to use it in hibernate-spatial: (...).add(SpatialRestrictions.within(Mall.LOCATION, getCircle(centerPoint, 10)));)
 - 1
 Please Edit the question to be less opinion-based and more problem-oriented. You need to include crucial information -- the projection of the basemap -- because the answer to "Why is my geodetic circle elongated on a Web Mercator map" is "Because it's Web Mercator". – Vince Jan 20 '18 at 14:14
 - 1
 Your code generates the circle in longitude/latidude units. You expect wrong that 10*0.009 degrees is about 10 km in both N-S and E-W directions when you location is at latitude of 40 degrees N. Just check what the E-W distance would be as kilometers at 80 degrees N. Nothing weird at all. – user30184 Jan 20 '18 at 16:52
 - You still haven't stated what basemap your graphic uses. – Vince Jan 20 '18 at 16:54
 - _USER_ I used _URL_ – user3529850 Jan 20 '18 at 17:04
 - 1
 Please edit the question to clarify it. It's not fair to those who would answer to need to mine the comments for critical information. – Vince Jan 20 '18 at 17:57
My first approach was giving me wrong results (wrong circle - a vertically elongated ellipse). It is not the right one because (to quote _USER_):
"Because Mercator projections are conformal, a small circle (and 10 km radius is very small compared to the globe) should appear on the map as a circle, period".
After _USER_ help/comment/suggestion, I think I got something, that can be called an answer. Snippet about conversion from geogrpahic to projected coordiante system is taken from here. This code gives me a perfect circle over NYC:
final GeometricShapeFactory shape = new GeometricShapeFactory(new GeometryFactory());//INFO :jts lib
final PointWrapper circleCenterPoint = getCircleCenterPoint();
final Coordinate centreInUTM = new Coordinate(projectedToGeographic(circleCenterPoint.getLatitude(),
shape.setSize(2 * getRadiusInMeters());
//WGS 1984 is a geographic coordinate system, and UTM is a projected coordinate system
Polygon polygon = new GeometryFactory().createPolygon(Arrays.stream(shape.createEllipse().getCoordinates())
 .map(c -> geographicToProjected(c.getOrdinate(X),
criteria.add(SpatialRestrictions.within(Mall.LOCATION, polygon));//INFO :hibernate spatial
private Coordinate projectedToGeographic(double latitude, double longitude) {
 LatLong latlong = LatLong.valueOf(latitude, longitude, NonSI.DEGREE_ANGLE);
 UTM utm = UTM.latLongToUtm(latlong, ReferenceEllipsoid.WGS84); //INFO :jscience lib
 double cX = utm.getCoordinates()[0];
 double cY = utm.getCoordinates()[1];
 return new Coordinate(cX, cY);
private Coordinate geographicToProjected(double easting, double northing) {
 UTM utm = UTM.valueOf(18, 'T', easting, northing, METRE);//INFO :18T UTM for NYC
 CoordinatesConverter utmToLatLong = UTM.CRS.getConverterTo(LatLong.CRS);
 LatLong latLong = utmToLatLong.convert(utm);
 double cX = latLong.getCoordinates()[0];
 double cY = latLong.getCoordinates()[1];
 return new Coordinate(cX, cY);
This essentially comes down to a choice as to how accurate you need your circle to be versus how much effort you want to expend calculating the circles.
The reason you need to make this choice is that the Earth is spherical and you want to draw your map on a flat screen (or paper). Thus this, and all other maps are a compromise. It is impossible to accurately portray a curved shape on a flat map and preserve its shape and area.
You have chosen a "quick" and "dirty" method to calculate your circle by assuming that lengths are the same in the N-S direction as the W-E direction. This is not the case in your chosen projection (Web Mercator, EPSG:3857) so you end up with an ellipse. This is the smaller ellipse in the picture below.
If you had used the GeoTools code I gave in the other question you refer to then it would have transformed the point into a projection where lengths were the same in both directions, calculated the circle and transformed it back to lat/lon (EPSG:4326). This is the solid circle shown in the picture.
The other dotted ellipse is what you get if you take the average of 10km N-S and E-W and use that distance for a simple buffer.
enter image description here
But if we switch the map to EPSG:4326 (Lat/Lon degrees) we get:
enter image description here
Now the "simple" circles look closer to round and the "real" circle looks elliptical, but they are all enclosing exactly the same points on the map.
 - I think that the problem was in believing that the distances in N-S and W-E directions are the same if EPSG:4326 degrees are converted into meters. EPSG:3857 is almost conformal and circles remain almost round but the size of the circle would be nonsense _URL_-mercator-and-comparisons.html. – user30184 Jan 22 '18 at 13:40
 - 1
 Your assertions about impossibility misinterpret the facts. It not only is possible to map a spherical circle with perfect accuracy of shape and area, it's easy to do so. No compromise is necessary. What is not possible is to map all shapes on an intrinsically curved surface with perfect metric accuracy. The distinction is important, because it helps us understand what we may reasonably hope to accomplish with a map. – whuber Jan 22 '18 at 18:30
double latitude = 40.748754d;
double longitude = -73.985460d;
double diameterInMeters = 20000d; //20km
GeometricShapeFactory shapeFactory = new GeometricShapeFactory();
shapeFactory.setNumPoints(128); // adjustable
shapeFactory.setCentre(new Coordinate(latitude, longitude));
// Length in meters of 1° of latitude = always 111.32 km
// Length in meters of 1° of longitude = 40075 km * cos( latitude ) / 360
shapeFactory.setWidth(diameterInMeters / (40075000 * Math.cos(Math.toRadians(latitude)) / 360));
Polygon circle = shapeFactory.createEllipse();
 - As the user _USER_ said in other place, keep in mind that JTS uses longitude first, so the new Coordinate when setting the center should be inverted. – sebasira Feb 25 at 13:26
Your Answer


Expressions used in Everyday Spoken English in Social and Professional contexts
sandbag (somebody)
sandbagsandbag somebody
1) conceal or misrepresent something in order to gain an advantage
 - How to MemorizePopularity HighProfessional MediumSocial
 - sandbag your opponents/rivals
 - Analysis
 This expression is mostly used in a professional context and is a strategy with the aim of lowering the expectations around something or someone in order to produce better-than-expected results. To do so, it is not always necessary to lie, you can instead withhold information, or be as conservative with your estimate as possible. In other words, only provide the worst-case scenario. In a social respect, it tends to be used in relation to betting or sport. As a verb to'sandbag' someone is to deceive someone in order to get what you want or deliberately underperform in order to gain an advantage.
 - Social Examples (Advance)
 1. The poker player sandbagged his opponents by losing his first few hands. He hoped they would raise the stakes if they saw him as less of a threat.
 2. sandbagged my opponents in the first part of the race and then shot into the lead when they were running out of stamina.
 - Professional Examples (Advance)
 1. The deal is very close to being completed, but to make myself look better, I decided to sandbag my boss by telling her that it could take weeks to get it over the line
 2. The company earned a reputation for sandbagging by consistently low-balling its projected earnings in order to temper shareholders' expectations.
 - Further Suggestions
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Redefining efficiency : pollution concerns, regulatory mechanisms, and technological change in the U.S. petroleum industry
Type de la ressource : Livres
Date : 2001-00-00
ISBN : 978-1-884836-75-6
Description : Today, pollution control regulations define how complex technological systems interact with natural ecosystems and competing human uses of the environment. Redefining Efficiency examines the evolution of this industrial ecology in the United States by tracing numerous pollution concerns associated with the production, transportation, and refining of petroleum over the course of the twentieth century. In doing so, this book demonstrates that a pollution control ethic based on the efficient use of resources emerged early in the century and met with enough success to undermine the first calls for strict government-enforced regulations. Redefining Efficiency also chronicles the failure of this efficiency-based pollution control ethic and its replacement by another. This second ethic required society first to define its environmental objectives and then to institute policies to achieve those objectives. The resulting regulations, by restructuring the economics of pollution control, have since redefined the notion of industrial efficiency.


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At FRLA, we have always believed that, for us to be able to be able to create successful designs, it is necessary for us to fully understand how people use spaces and places. As part of our continued learning, we have recently been developing our own methods for tracking and analysing visitor use. Using combinations of GPS tracking, video, visitor surveys and GIS analysis, we can collect detailed data on how people move within a landscape and analyse it to provide us and our clients with invaluable insights into their visitors' behaviour.
The images below are two examples of the results that can be produced. The image on the left shows the frequency of path use by walkers entering a site from one location. Note how this exercise shows that the road running diagonally across the site acts as a psychological barrier to many of the walkers. The image on the right shows more detailed information about how one visitor interacted with a folly in a landscape garden. The colour symbols show their direction and speed with red indicating fast movement and blue slow movement. Note how the visitor briefly stops twice in front of the building before moving on.


How do I cite a film still from a website?
Cite the still the way you would any image from a website. The following provides an example:
Still of the queen from the film Mirror Mirror. "Excuse This Rant about Mirror Mirror," by Emmet Asher-Perrin, 2 Apr. 2012.,
In the example above, the Title of Source element is a description of the still you are discussing. The first Container element is the essay in which the still appears, followed by the author and the date of publication. The second Container element is the name of the website, and the Location element is the URL.
If you are referring to an essay on a website that contains many stills from a film, you can cite the essay as a whole instead of an individual still:
Asher-Perrin, Emmet. "Excuse This Rant about Mirror Mirror.", 2 Apr. 2012,
See our related post on citing images on websites.


text: load, and temperature.Excessive pressure can generate heat because of motor slippage and cause the motor to exceed torque limits.Excessive speed can heat and wear bearings and other internal parts.Excessive torque can cause fatigue and stress to bearings and the motor shaft, especially on applications that require frequent motor reversing. Excessive load can create bearing and shaft fatigue. And, excessive temperature can decrease efficiency because the oil becomes thinner and can produce rapid wear because of lack of lubrication.


What to eat in Rajasthan
Rajasthani cuisine is well-known across India for its richness and abundance of spice. Its desert location plays a huge part in its food scene, with cured, pickled and dried foods all popular. Dairy products are also common, with milk, cream and yoghurt used to flavour and thicken curries and gravies. Despite the harsh conditions, Rajasthan's royal background means that meat was often consumed, so you'll find many great meat and vegetarian options.
What to eat and drink in Rajasthan
Traditional Rajasthani cuisine is often quite spicy, as chilli was used to preserve and cure food. Try laal maas (mutton curry), Rajasthani kadhi (dumplings in a spicy sauce) and the ubiquitous dhal bhati churma (a wheat bread stuffed with peas and onions, then dipped in ghee and served with dhal).
Don't miss out on some of Rajasthan's street food. Make sure to pick a stall that is popular with locals and looks clean. Try kacchori (deep fried dumplings), samosas and full thalis (set meals containing curried vegetables, dhal, pickles, rice and bread).
The basics
No meal in India is complete without a supply of roti (unleavened flatbreads) to mop up the food. Try bhakri, a roti made from millet or corn and eaten with garlic, chilli and raw onions — locals believe it wards off sunstroke. For more substantial breads, try buttery parathas (flaky, pastry-like discs of bread) and doughy naans.
Dhal and pulses
India has more than 50 different varieties of dhal, but Rajasthan's most popular is the afore-mentioned dhal bhatia churma and urad dhal (black lentils cooked with garam masala, chilli, cumin and coriander).
When in Jodhpur, try kabuli Jodhpuri, a local speciality made of fried gram flour dumplings, vegetables and sometimes meat. Most fried street-food snacks are made with gram flour, such as the ubiquitous pakoras.
Meat dishes
Chicken, goat and mutton are all commonly eaten in Rajasthan, while religious taboos mean beef (forbidden to Hindus) and pork (forbidden to Muslims) are unlikely to be found. Many meat dishes in Rajasthan are cooked with dairy rather than water, with buttermilk, ghee and curds all being used to preserve the meat — perfect for desert conditions.
Try achar murg (pickled chicken), kachar maas (a dry dish of lamb cooked in spices) and laal maas (mutton curry in a deep red sauce).
Fruit and vegetables
The harsh climate conditions means that Rajasthanis have had to be inventive when it comes to fruit and vegetables. Try aloo gobi (dry cauliflower and potato cooked with spices) or mattar paneer (a mild curry of peas and firm cheese). Look out for fruits special to the region, such as kair, a berry eaten with desert beans — it tastes better than it sounds.
You'll also find many vegetables pickled or cured in chutneys. Each meal will come with an assortment to try.
Sweets and desserts
Indian desserts are incredibly sweet and Rajasthan's are no exception. Try badam barfi, an achingly sweet concoction of sugar, milk, butter and nuts; gulab jamun (deep-fried sponge balls swimming in rose-flavoured syrup) and kheer (a rice pudding flavoured with cardamom, saffron and nuts).
The Indian summer can be cruel, with hot winds blowing in from the Thar Desert forcing temperatures above 40C. It's important to stay hydrated while in Rajasthan, but it also allows you to sample some of the state's more creative thirst quenchers. Try nimbu shikanji, a lemonade style drink made with fresh lemons and black rock salt; bael juice, made from the pulp of the wood apple and mixed with jaggery and salt; and chaach, a buttermilk drink served with salt and cumin.
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Onomatopoeia words are used far more in Japanese than in English.
擬音語 (ぎおんご) onomatopoeia (words that describe actual sounds like the sound of a dog ワンワン)
擬態語 (ぎたいご) mimetic word (every other type often describing emotions)
These words can be used in many different ways - some shown below in approximate reverse order of popularity:
- 1. With 'と' as a pseudo-adverb.
夜空に星がきらきらと輝いていた。 Stars were twinkling in the sky.
- 2. As an adverb (e.g. with the 'と' dropped).
夜空に星がきらきら輝いていた。 Stars were twinkling in the sky.
- 3. With 'する' as a'suru-verb'.
その車はワックスがかけられてピカピカしている。 The car is waxed and shining.
- 4. As a noun (often with の modifying another word)
トムは車をピカピカの新車で買った。 Tom bought a car brand-new.
Historically many of the long established onomatopeia words were taru-adjectives (taru-adjectives generally became to-adverbs in the same way as naru-adjectives generally became na-adjectives).


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While street art has a rich history in terms the formation of the urban landscape, mainly through the appropriation of wall space, Sound Tossing offers a way to play with urban aesthetics through filling space with unique acoustic input. It provides new ways to add meaning to public spaces.
The project was inspired by so-called Shoe Tossing or Shoefiti, the practice of hanging shoes which have been tied together on overhead cables such as power or telephone lines. Sound Tossing operates in a similar way to the visual codes used in Shoe Tossing; speakers are connected via cables to audio components which function in this form of urban communication as "throwing tools".
A key area is the development and distribution of open source technologies for sound interventions in the context of street art. The Sound Tossing units offered include sound generators which operate with solar energy and motion sensors or timers as well as units that convert electromagnetic frequencies into acoustic signals. Some units are equipped with recording functionality and/or transmitters so they in essence become small pirate radio stations. Detailed assembly instructions and video demonstrations for each project are provided so they can easily be set up by anyone.
Sound Tossing is a resistance movement. It is aimed a countering the dominance of acoustic advertising and new sound security tools intended to prevent young people from congregating in specific areas such as in public places and outside shops. Sound Tossing is instead a subtle sound intervention. It impacts and alters the normal course of urban life while encouraging discussion of topics such as acoustic overstimulation and public well-being. Moreover, Sound Tossing increases public awareness of the acoustic environment.


Classifying and Detecting Plan-Based Misconceptions for Robust Plan Recognition
Randall J. Calistri-Yeh
My Ph.D. dissertation (Calistri 1990) extends traditional methods of plan recognition to handle situations in which agents have flawed plans. This extension involves solving two problems: determining what sorts of mistakes people make when they reason about plans and figuring out how to recognize these mistakes when they occur. I have developed a complete classification of plan-based misconceptions, which categorizes all ways that a plan can fail, and I have developed a probabilistic interpretation of these misconceptions that can be used in principle to guide a best-first search algorithm. I have also developed a program called Pathfinder that embodies a practical implementation of this theory. Pathfinder is a probability-based plan-recognition.
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Carrageen is an ingredient with several purposes, usually sold as a powder.
It is used commercially in desserts, jellies, and ice cream. It causes stuff to gel at room temperature with no refrigeration needed. Substances gelled with it can be firm or soft, and have a high or low melting point, according to desire.
It is also used to stabilize liquids that have "bits" in them and help the "bits" in them to stay suspended in the liquid, rather than sinking to the bottom. For instance, in chocolate milk, it stops all the chocolate from sinking to the bottom. It can also be used for the opposite purpose, to cause bits to sink to the bottom. In this way, it is used to clarify beer, vinegar and wine.
In ice cream, it helps prevent ice crystals from forming, as well as improving the feel of the ice cream in your mouth. It doesn't interact with milk proteins, so it doesn't affect the taste / texture of dairy products.
It thickens sauces and salad dressings. In already-made meat patties and in luncheon meats and other prepared meats, it can be used as a substitute for fat, and to help increase weight.
It reinforces gluten structures, allowing cheaper soft flours to be used for pasta.
The behavioural characteristics of the Carrageen are influenced by the species of seaweed used, what stage in its growth or lifespan the seaweed is at when harvested, and how it is processed.
To make Carrageen, seaweed is harvested, then inspected, then cleaned, then processed. The Carrageen can be extracted boiling, or through alcohol or various alkalis.
Carrageen used to just come from Irish Moss seaweed (L. Chondrus crispus), but now it is extracted from other seaweeds as well, even tropical ones, such as the species known as Kappaphycus alverezii and Eucheuma denticulatum.
80% of the world's supply of Carrageen is now (2006) made in the Philippines, from seaweeds called Cottonii (Eucheuma cottonii, aka Kappaphycus cottonii) and Spinosum (Eucheuma spinosum.) Spinosa is also sold in markets there as "guzo" for use partly as a salad vegetable. In the Philippines, the seaweed is cultivated on lines strung between floats. It can be harvested after 3 months. Harvesting is largely done by families and individuals.
There are three main categories of Carrageen:
Kappa Carrageen
Kappa Carrageen is produced from the seaweed known as Kappaphycus cottonii. It is used to make strong, rigid, clear gels. It is soluble in hot water, and forms a gel when cooling. It doesn't, though, stand up well to freezing and thawing.
Iota Carrageen
Iota Carrageen is produced from the seaweed known as Eucheuma spinosum. This seaweed grows at the top of the ocean, growing from the surface downwards about 7 feet (2 metres.) It is used to make soft gels. It is soluble in hot water, but needs calcium to interact with to gel. It holds water well, and stands up well to freezing and thawing.
Lambda Carrageen
Lambda Carrageen is produced from Gigartina seaweed (during its spore-producing stage), and others. It cannot form gels, it just thickens, but it thickens better than the other two mentioned above. It is soluble in hot and cold water, but needs protein to interact with. It doesn't absorb water. It is used in dairy products.
Carrageen is considered safe, though some dispute this, saying that it causes stomach aches in some people, and sometimes even cancer. The European Commission Scientific Committee studied these claims, and found no backing for them. [1]. The committee specifically rejected findings published a few years previously by Joanne Tobacman, M.D., University of Iowa, College of Medicine, that created a bit of a scare which some "food industry conspiracists" seemed to jump on.
There is evidence that a version of Carrageen, "poligeenan", which is made for industrial purposes would be unsafe in food. It is not, however, certified or used in food, particularly because it has none of the properties of carrageen (such as thickening) that would make it even remotely useful to the food industry.
Carrageen also meets requirements to be kosher (parve.)
[1]. European Commission: Health & Consumer Protection Directorate-General. Scientific Committee on Food on Carrageenan. Scientific Committee on Food SCF/CS/ADD/EMU/199 Final. 21 February 2003.
History Notes
Carrageen was first used in China around 600 BC; in Ireland, around 400 AD.
The English word comes from the Irish town of Carragheen. People there boiled Irish moss to obtain the gelling agent out of it for use in cooking.
The two earliest commercial producers of Carrageen were located in Maine and in Denmark.
Language Notes
Carrageen's E number is E407.
In Irish, the moss is called "carraigín."
Also called:
Carragheen; Chondrus Extract; E407; Irish Moss; L. Chondrus crispus (Scientific Name)
See also:
Alginic Acid; Arrowroot; Bisto Instant Gravy Granules; Bisto; Carrageen; Cassava Flour; Clearjel; Filé; Genugel; Guar Gum; Lecithin; Locust Bean Gum; Lotus Root Flour; Malanga Flour; Marshmallow Powder; Panade à la frangipane; Panade; Pectin; Thickeners; Water Chestnut Flour; Wild Mango; Xanthan Gum
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"I can't say I'm very impressed with the food in America. It's all sort of bland. Like turkey sandwiches."
-- Anne Dudley (British composer. 7 May 1956 - )
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In search of the modern Skidmore standard
Kristin E. Hickman, Matthew D. Krueger
Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review
70 Scopus citations
This Article offers a comprehensive examination of the Skidmore standard of judicial review as applied by the courts in the period since the Supreme Court revitalized Skidmore in United States v. Mead Corp. The Article documents an empirical study of five years worth of Skidmore applications in the federal courts of appeals. In the study, we evaluate two competing conceptions of Skidmore review that are apparent from the Supreme Court's post-Mead jurisprudence-the independent judgment model and the theoretically more deferential sliding-scale model-and demonstrate that the appellate courts overwhelmingly follow the sliding-scale approach. Also, we document that Skidmore review is much more deferential to agency legal interpretations than indicated by two other, significantly more limited studies, with agency interpretations prevailing in more than sixty percent of Skidmore applications. Drawing from the Skidmore applications studied, we analyze qualitatively how the appellate courts apply the Skidmore standard as a sliding scale and identify where those courts are struggling to make sense of Skidmore '5 dictates within that model. To resolve the lower courts' difficulties, we propose reconceptualizing Skidmore '5 sliding scale as balancing comparative agency expertise against the potential for agency arbitrariness across three attitudinal zones. Finally, we note several burgeoning issues concerning the scope of Skidmore's applicability and offer preliminary thoughts for addressing those questions.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1235-1320
Number of pages86
JournalColumbia Law Review
Issue number6
StatePublished - Oct 1 2007
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Have you ever wonderedthat there are dinosaurs that thrived in the whole world but non in India? Then let me tell you-There are some fearsome and powerful dinosaurs ( not only herbivores, Carnivores too!) that thrived in India. One of them is the Rajasaurus, Raja means Rex/King and Saurus means Reptiles/Lizards, technically it's king lizard. It was one of the largest carnivorous dinosaur found in India! It was about 25 to 30 feet (7.6 to 9 meters) long, and about 8 feet (2.4 meters) tall. It fed upon carnivorous dinosaurs like Compsosuchus and Pradhania, and some herbivorous dinosaurs such as Kotasaurus, Isisaurus and Barapasaurus.
Rajasaurs had a real tough timedealing with some dinosaurs such as Orthogoniosaurus, Dahalokely and Indosuchus for food and territory. There were some dinosaurs like Dravidosaurusthe true relative of Stegosaurus and also the Brachypodosaurus-the Indian Ankylosaurus,which could take the head out of the Rajasaurus in just one swipe.


Field (agriculture)
From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
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A field of sunflowers in Cardejón, Spain
In agriculture, a field is an area of land, enclosed or otherwise, used for agricultural purposes such as cultivating crops or as a paddock or other enclosure for livestock. A field may also be an area left to lie fallow or as arable land.
Many farms have a field border, usually composed of a strip of shrubs and vegetation, used to provide food and cover necessary for the survival of wildlife. It has been found that these borders may lead to an increased variety of animals and plants in the area, but also in some cases a decreased yield of crops.[1]
In Australian and New Zealand English, any agricultural field may be called a paddock. If stock are grazed there, the space may be called a run, e.g. sheep run; cattle run.[2]
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See also
 1. Carpenter, Brent; Dailey, Thomas V.; Jones-Farrand, D. Todd; Pierce, Robert A.; White, Bill. "Field Borders for Agronomic, Economic and Wildlife Benefits". Curators of the University of Missouri. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
 2. The Macquarie Dictionary run n. Def. 113


Convert Circular thou to ha (Circular thou to Hectare)
Circular thou into Hectare
 numbers in scientific notation
Direct link to this calculator:
How many Hectare make 1 Circular thou?
1 Circular thou = 0.000 000 000 000 050 670 75 Hectare [ha] - Measurement calculator that can be used to convert Circular thou to Hectare, among others.
Convert Circular thou to Hectare (Circular thou to ha):
With this calculator, it is possible to enter the value to be converted together with the original measurement unit; for example, '844 Circular thou'. In so doing, either the full name of the unit or its abbreviation can be used. Then, the calculator determines the category of the measurement unit of measure that is to be converted, in this case 'Area'. After that, it converts the entered value into all of the appropriate units known to it. In the resulting list, you will be sure also to find the conversion you originally sought. Alternatively, the value to be converted can be entered as follows: '21 Circular thou to ha' or '37 Circular thou into ha' or '5 Circular thou -> Hectare' or '50 Circular thou = ha' or '62 Circular thou to Hectare' or '12 Circular thou into Hectare'. For this alternative, the calculator also figures out immediately into which unit the original value is specifically to be converted. Regardless which of these possibilities one uses, it saves one the cumbersome search for the appropriate listing in long selection lists with myriad categories and countless supported units. All of that is taken over for us by the calculator and it gets the job done in a fraction of a second.
Furthermore, the calculator makes it possible to use mathematical expressions. As a result, not only can numbers be reckoned with one another, such as, for example, '(94 * 4) Circular thou'. But different units of measurement can also be coupled with one another directly in the conversion. That could, for example, look like this: '844 Circular thou + 2532 Hectare' or '23mm x 71cm x 16dm =? cm^3'. The units of measure combined in this way naturally have to fit together and make sense in the combination in question.


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Differential pattern of functional brain plasticity after compassion and empathy trainingPublished on June 04, 2013
Although empathy is crucial for successful social interactions, excessive sharing of others' negative emotions may be maladaptive and constitute a
source of burnout. To investigate functional neural plasticity underlying the augmentation of empathy and to test the counteracting potential of
compassion, one group of participants was first trained in empathic resonance and subsequently in compassion. In response to videos depicting
human suffering, empathy training, but not memory training (control group), increased negative affect and brain activations in anterior insula and
anterior midcingulate cortex-brain regions previously associated with empathy for pain.
In contrast, subsequent compassion training could reverse the increase in negative effect and, in contrast, augment self-reports of positive affect. In addition, compassion training increased activations in a nonoverlapping brain network spanning ventral striatum, pregenual anterior cingulate cortex and medial orbitofrontal cortex. We conclude that training compassion may reflect a new coping strategy to overcome empathic distress and strengthen resilience.


Foreign Applicants
The educational process for foreign students is either in Armenian or in other foreign language (English, Russian).
Foreigners having at least a document (diploma, certificate) certifying the completion of secondary level education can apply for the UTM.
The admission of the foreign applicants to UTM assumes the study of the documents and the assessment of knowledge (including language).
Students, not possessing appropriate knowledge on main subjects and the language, can take a preparation course.
The admission period, course and other conditions for foreign applicants' second specialty are defined by UTM certification committee.
The admission of the foreign applicants to UTM is carried out after document examination, information verification, consular ratification, as well as after the registration, based on the referral letters of the Ministry of Education and Science, RA and the order of UTM's rector.
 1. Application to the Minister of Education and Science, RA
 2. Application to the UTMA rector
 3. Medical certificate of health.
 4. Passport
 5. Final document of education degree
 6. 4 photos (3x4 cm)
 7. CV (Armenian, Russian or English)
Provided documents are accepted for discussion, in the case of consular validation of the relevant documents by the diplomatic representation of RA in foreign countries
The documents are submitted to the Ministry,
 1. Personally or by applicant's authorized representative;
 2. by UTM;
 3. through diplomatic missions of RA in foreign countries;
 4. by post / including e-mail / to Ministry's official address.
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Energy and Environment Speakers
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David BaumDavid Baum
Department of Botany
is Professor of Botany and Director of the James F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution at UW-Madison. He grew up in London, England and obtained an undergraduate degree in Botany from Oxford University. He then obtained a PhD in Population and Evolutionary Biology at Washington University in St. Louis and obtained his first teaching appointment as a professor at Harvard University. He has been on the UW-Madison faculty since 2001 and teaches biology, botany, and advanced classes in evolutionary biology. He has published more than 80 papers and one book (Tree thinking: An Introduction to Phylogenetic Biology
) on a variety of topics concerned with plant evolution and evolutionary theory. Awards include a National Science Foundation Career Award, Sloan Foundation Young Investigator in Molecular Evolution award, a Guggenheim fellowship, and election as Fellow to the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Talks by David Baum:
1. The Tree of Life and its Importance in Modern Biology
2. What I learnt as a Victorian explorer: How field biology prepared me for 21st century science
3. Origin of Life: In the Laboratory?
4. Origin of Cell Complexity
5. The Evolution of Cellular Complexity: From the Inside-Out
Video of David Baum
Department of Industrial Engineering
Vicki Bier holds a joint appointment as Professor in the Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering and the Department of Engineering Physics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where she has directed the Center for Human Performance and Risk Analysis (formerly the Center for Human Performance in Complex Systems) since 1995. She has 30 years of experience in risk analysis for the nuclear power, chemical, petrochemical, and aerospace industries. Dr. Bier's current research focuses on applications of risk analysis and related methods to problems of security and critical infrastructure protection, under support from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Dr. Bier was elected a Fellow of the Society for Risk Analysis in 1996, from which she received the Distinguished Achievement Award in 2007. She served as the engineering editor for Risk Analysis from 1997 through 2001, and has served as a councilor of both the Society for Risk Analysis and the Decision Analysis Society, for which she is currently vice president and president elect.
Talks by Vicki Bier:
2. Risk Assessment of Extreme Events
3. Women in Science, Math, and Engineering
4. Homeland Security
5. Risk Analysis of Nuclear Power Plants
Links to More Information
Director, Campus Planning & Landscape Architecture
Facilities Planning & Management
Gary A. Brown, PLA, FASLA has been with UW-Madison for over 28 years and currently serves as the Director of Campus Planning and Landscape Architecture in Facilities Planning & Management, overseeing the development of the 20-year campus master plan and all site planning activities on this spectacular 933-acre university campus. He also is the Director of the 300-acre Lakeshore Nature Preserve. He holds a Bachelors degree in Landscape Architecture and was inducted as a Fellow into the American Society of Landscape Architects in 2004 for his administrative works.
Talks by Gary Brown:
1. Current Capital Improvement Projects at UW-Madison
2. The Campus Master Plan: A Vision for the Future
3. Stormwater Management Planning at UW-Madison
4. Historic Preservation Initiatives at UW-Madison
Department of Engineering Physics | Wisconsin Energy Institute
Michael L. Corradini is the Wisconsin Distinguished Professor of Nuclear Engineering and Engineering Physics at UW-Madison. He has been at UW-Madison since 1981 and has served from 1995 to 2001 as Associate Dean for the College of Engineering and as Chair of Engineering Physics from 2001-2011. He also holds appointments in the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute of Environmental Studies. He is chair of the Energy Institute faculty executive committee and the director of the college's Wisconsin Institute of Nuclear Systems.
Talks by Michael Corradini:
1. Energy Sources and Uses
2. Energy and Sustainability
3. Future of Nuclear Power
4. Nuclear Power Safety
5. Future Energy Issues and Challenges
3. Ecology and climate: A two-way street
Executive Director of the Wisconsin Sustainable Business Council | Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies
Tom Eggert is the Executive Director of the Wisconsin Sustainable Business Council and is a senior lecturer in sustainability at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He has taught classes on sustainability since 1997 and developed the graduate certificate in Business, Environment & Social Responsibility. In addition to his work with UW-Madison, he works with the Department of Natural Resources on Wisconsin's Environmental Leadership program (Green Tier) and as the business sustainability lead. Finally, he is President of the Board of Wisconsin Microfinance; a non-profit that raises money for microloans in Haiti. He holds a law degree from George Washington University, a Masters in Public Administration from UW, and, prior to law school, was a Peace Corps volunteer in the Philippines.
Talks by Tom Eggert:
5. Societal Leadership Transitions: From Public Sector to Private Sector
6. Sustainability in a Small Town
7. The Business of Water
8. The Challenge of Sustainable Consumption in India
9. The Business Case for Sustainability
10. The State of Sustainability Practice in WI
11. Sustainability and Micro-finance
12. Trends in Sustainable Business Practice
13. Green Jobs 2010
14. Energy as a Sustainability Issue
15. Developing International Partnerships in Sustainability
16. The Evolution of Green Business
17. Going Green in the Office
18. State of Sustainable Community Development: Notes from the Field
19. Sustainability and the Role of Government
20. Business and Sustainability
21. Sustainability in Wisconsin's Business Community
Department of Physics
Cary Forest grew up in Wisconsin, was an undergraduate at UW-Madison and received his PhD from Princeton University in 1992. From there he moved to San Diego and began his post graduate career as a scientist on the DIII-D tokamak, the most advanced fusion experiment in the US at the time. In 1997 he returned to the UW as a faculty member and now carries out research in both fusion research and plasma astrophysics.
Talks by Cary Forest:
1. Plasma Physics at the University of Wisconsin
2. Building Stars on Earth
3. Laboratory Dynamos Made in Wisconsin
Professor of Epidemiology
Nelson Institute for Enviromental Sciences | School of Medicine and Public Health | Veterinary Medicine
Tony Goldberg focuses on the ecology, epidemiology and evolution of infectious disease. He endeavors to understand how pathogens in dynamic ecosystems are transmitted among hosts, across landscapes, and over time. Tony is involved in a number of projects around the world that use approaches ranging from molecular biology to social science. Through a combination of fieldwork, laboratory work, and quantitative inference, he endeavors to discover generalized mechanisms and root drivers of pathogen transmission, evolution, and emergence. Dr. Goldberg's overall goal is to improve the health and wellbeing of animals and people while helping conserve the rapidly changing ecosystems we share.
Talks by Tony Goldberg:
1. Emerging Zoonotic Diseases in Uganda
2. West Nile Virus in Chicago
3. Fish Diseases in Wisconsin
Space Science and Engineering Center
Matthew A. Lazzara is an Associate Scientist and Research Meteorologist at the Antarctic Meteorological Research Center (AMRC), Space Science and Engineering Center (SSEC), UW-Madison. He is presently the Principal Investigator of the Antarctic Automatic Weather Station Program, Antarctic Meteorological Research Center and Arctic Satellite Composite Project. In the AMRC, Lazzara supports and maintains the generation and archive of Antarctic weather data, including the Antarctic satellite composite images and the processing of SSECs Automatic Weather Station (AWS) data collected by the AWS network in Antarctica. Additionally, he investigates meteorological phenomena in the Antarctic and conducts educational outreach activities with schools and organizations.
Talks By Matthew Lazzara:
2. Antarctic Weather: Observing the Coldest Continent
3. Antarctic Meteorology and Climate Change
Space Science and Engineering Center
Sanjay Limaye has been exploring the planets with focus on the weather from space missions for more than three decades and has also been involved in education and public outreach programs for nearly two decades. His areas of expertise include solar system planets with atmospheres as well as global warming and climate change. Sanjay Limaye has been honored with awards from NASA and the European Space Agency and has served as the Co-chair for the NASA Venus Exploration Analysis Group.Talks by Sanjay Limaye:
1. Space Exploration
2. Solar System
3. Weather and Climate on Planets
4. Climate Change/Global warming
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Studies
Professor Jonathan Martin joined the faculty in the Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences at UW-Madison in 1994 after completing his Ph.D. in atmospheric sciences at the University of Washington.
Professor Martin has received numerous accolades for his teaching, including the Underkofler Excellence in Teaching Award, a fellowship in UW's Teaching Academy, and the Mark H. Ingraham Distinguished Faculty Award. He was chosen for the prestigious UW Vilas Distinguished Service Professorship, for distinguished scholarship and excellence in teaching and service. In January of 2016, Jon Martin received the American Meteorological Society's Excellence in Teaching Award. The Princeton Review recently ranked Professor Martin among the top 300 best professors in the nation. Professor Martin's research expertise is in mid-latitude weather systems. Over his career he has authored over 50 scientific papers, as well as


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In visual perception, change blindness is the phenomenon that occurs when a person viewing a visual scene apparently fails to detect large changes in the scene. For change blindness to occur, the change in the scene typically has to coincide with some visual disruption such as a saccade (eye movement) or a brief obscuration of the observed scene or image. When looking at still images, a viewer can experience change blindness if part of the image changes.
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For a sample of related Situationist posts see "'The Grand Illusion' — Believing We See the Situation," "Neuroscience and Illusion," "Brain Magic," "Magic is in the Mind," "The Situation of Illusion" "The Heat is On," and "The Situation of Climate Change," or click here for a collection of posts on illusion.


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Competitive neutrality means that state-owned and private businesses compete on a level playing field. This is essential to use resources effectively within the economy and thus achieve growth and development. Therefore the principle of competitive neutrality is gaining wide support around the world. But how to obtain it in practice, is a much more difficult question.
The purpose of this report is to help respond to this question. The report identifies the most important issues that governments need to address in order to achieve competitive neutrality. It is framed around eight building blocks, including choosing the best corporate form, achieving a commercial rate of return, accounting for public service obligations, improving debt neutrality, and making public procurement open and transparent. It provides country examples of how to implement competitive neutrality policies in practice.
The report is not about privatisation. Rather, it aims to provide guidance to policy makers who want to make sure that the presence of the state owned enterprises in the market place does not thwart private entrepreneurs, skew competition or lead to other inefficiencies. Understanding how to avoid unintended economic consequences that may follow from state ownership is particularly important for policy makers that face the challenge to balance the commercial objectives of state owned enterprises with other important policy objectives: A challenge that permeates all levels of government.
The book may be read in conjunction with two publicly available stocktaking papers:
Overview of OECD work on competitive neutrality


Balaram Varma II
10 May 2019 Fri
Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma also known as Bala Ram Varma II had ruled the princely state Travancore from 1912 CE to 1991 CE. He was the last ruling Maharaja of Princely State Travancore. He became the Maharaja of Travancore at the age of 12, after the death of his uncle. The reign of Balaram Varma II had witnessed much progress in Travancore. During his reign, he had passed the famous Temple Entry Proclamation in the year 1936 CE. He had also established the University of Travancore (now the University of Kerala) in 1937 CE. According to the one of the journal 'Samyukta' it had recorded that during this reign 40% of the revenue was set apart for education.
After Independence of India in 1947 CE, Bala Ram Varma II chose his domain as an independent country. As this was unacceptable to the Government of India, so some negotiation was held between Indian representative and Maharaja Bala Ram Varma II. In the year 1949, a final agreement was made where Bala Ram Varma agreed to merge Travancore as a part of Union of India.
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Explain the concept of land economic, Microeconomics
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(c) Discuss the origin of Land Economics
(d) Modern and Traditional Land Economics in PNG
(e) The Relationship of Land Economics and Land Use Planning
(f) How is Land Economics and Valuation inter-related
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Putin puts down protesters with physics: What is 'Brownian motion,' anyway?
Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin described election protesters as seeking 'Brownian motion.' Here's what the obscure term means.
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Mr. Putin was referring to a physics phenomenon first described by Scottish scientist Robert Brown in his 1827 paper "A brief account of microscopical observations made on the particles contained in the pollen of plants."
While observing pollen grains suspended in water, Mr. Brown found that the grains jiggled and bounced within the fluid in what he called "rapid oscillatory motion." He could not see any cause of their motion – they didn't appear to impact any other particles, and he ruled out currents within the water – but he was able use other substances to consistently replicate the phenomenon, which he dubbed "Brownian motion."
It wasn't until 1905 that the phenomenon was explained, by none other than Albert Einstein. The grains weren't jerking randomly in the water, he wrote, but rather were colliding with much smaller water molecules. As the molecules hit the grains, the grains would change direction, but since the water molecules were invisible, it would appear that the grains were jittering without cause. Einstein's discovery was seen as proof of the atomic theory of matter: that all matter is made of tiny particles, or atoms.
So what did Putin mean? Presumably, he was referring to the protesters acting without apparent purpose – he also said that their proposed individual programs were not "unified," and that their goals "are also not clear."
But there's also a bit of a warning in Putin's metaphor. After all, the point of Brownian motion is that it's not as inexplicable as it seems – it's only inexplicable because the observer can't see all the molecules in play. Perhaps the same is true of Putin's perspective on the protesters.
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intended to make lattice calculations especially simple. The Matlab condition enables the client to oversee factors, import and fare information, perform estimations, produce plots, and create and oversee records for use with Matlab. The Matlab condition is an intelligent domain:
- Single-line orders can be entered and executed, the outcomes showed and watched, and afterward a moment summon can be executed that cooperates with comes about because of the principal charge that stay in memory. This implies you can type summons at the Matlab incite and find solutions promptly, which is extremely valuable for basic issues.
- Matlab is an executable program, created in an abnormal state dialect, which deciphers client charges.
- Portions of the Matlab program execute in light of the client input, comes about are shown, what's more, the program sits tight for extra client input.
- When an order is entered that doesn't meet the charge governs, a mistake message is shown. The revised order would then be able to be entered.
- Use of this condition doesn't require the accumulate connect/stack execution process depicted above for abnormal state dialects. While this intuitive, line-by-line execution of Matlab orders is advantageous for straightforward computational errands, a procedure of readiness and execution of projects called contents is utilized for more confounded computational assignments:
- A content is rundown of Matlab summons, arranged with a word processor.
- Matlab executes a content by perusing a summon from the content record, executing it, and after that rehashing the procedure on the following order in the content document.
-Errors in the punctuation of an order are recognized when Matlab attempts to execute the summons. A punctuation blunder message is shown and execution of the content is stopped.
- When sentence structure mistakes are experienced, the client must alter the content document to remedy the blunder and afterward coordinate Matlab to execute the content once more.
- The content may execute without language structure blunders, yet deliver inaccurate outcomes when a rationale mistake has been made in composing the content, which likewise requires that the content be altered and execution re-started.
- Script arrangement and investigating is along these lines like the order connect/stack execution process required for in the advancement of projects in an abnormal state dialect.
Role of Simulation in Design:
Electrical power frameworks are mixes of electrical and electromechanical gadgets like engines and generators. Designers working in this teach are always enhancing the execution of the frameworks. Prerequisites for definitely enhanced proficiency have constrained power framework fashioners to utilize control electronic gadgets and sophisticate control framework ideas that duty customary examination apparatuses and systems. Additionally confounding the investigator's part is the way that the framework is frequently so nonlinear that the best way to comprehend it is through recreation. Land based power age from hydroelectric, steam or different gadgets are not by any means the only utilization of energy frameworks. A typical quality of these frameworks is their utilization of energy gadgets and control frameworks to accomplish their execution destinations.
SIMULINK is a product bundle for displaying, mimicking, and breaking down dynamical frameworks. It underpins straight and nonlinear frameworks, displayed in constant time, inspected time, or a half and half of the two. Frameworks can likewise be multi rate, i.e., have distinctive parts that are examined or refreshed at various rates. For modelling, SIMULINK gives a graphical UI (GUI) for building models as piece outlines, utilizing snap and-drag mouse tasks. With this interface, you can draw the models similarly as you would with pencil and paper (or as most reading material dearduinot them). This is a long ways from past simulation bundles that expect you to detail differential conditions and contrast conditions in a dialect or program. SIMULINK incorporates a far reaching piece library of sinks, sources, straight and nonlinear parts, and connectors. You can likewise tweak and make your own particular pieces. Models are progressive, the models are fabricated utilizing both best down and base up approaches the framework can saw at an abnormal state, at that point double tap on squares to go 5 down through the levels to see expanding levels of model detail.
This approach gives understanding into how a model is sorted out and how its parts interface. After a model is characterized, it can reproduce, utilizing a decision of mix strategies, either from the SIMULINK menus or by entering orders in MATLAB's summon window. The menus are especially helpful for intelligent work, while the summon line approach is extremely valuable for running a bunch of reproductions. Utilizing extensions and other show obstructs, the simulation results can see while running.
SimPowerSystems and SimMechanics of the Physical Modelling item family cooperate with Simulink to show electrical, mechanical and control frameworks. SimPowerSystems is an advanced device that enables researchers and designers to quickly and effectively fabricate models that mimic power frameworks. SimPowerSystems utilizes the Simulink condition, permitting building a model utilizing basic snap and drag techniques. Can draw the circuit topology quickly, as well as examination of the circuit can incorporate its connections with mechanical, warm, control, and different orders. This is conceivable in light of the fact that all the electrical parts of the simulation interface with the broad Simulink displaying library. Since Simulink utilizes MATLAB as its computational motor, creators can likewise utilize MATLAB tool compartments and Simulink piece sets. SimPowerSystems and SimMechanics share a unique Physical Modelling piece and association line interface.
The simulation is finished utilizing MOSFET switches and control signals like Pulse Width Modulation.
Simulation of Conventional Three Level Cascaded Multilevel Inverter
Here in this circuit every h-bridge will create three distinctive yield voltage specifically +Vdc, – Vdc and 0V. Names, for example, goto and from are utilized to give door signs to the MOSFET dries which will at last give a seven level yield voltage which is indicated later. A voltage of 50V dc is connected to every H-bridge setup to get a yield voltage of 150V. The yield is seen utilizing the extension piece which is utilized give the yield of the simulation circuit in matlab. A sine wave of amplitude 3 and recurrence 2*pi*50 go about as the reference flag is utilized to contrast and triangular bearer flag which is created by rehashing grouping piece parameter. The tweak list of the reference flag and comparator flag is 0.8. At the point when the reference flag is more prominent than the comparator flag we get the yield flag which is given to the door segment of the MOSFET's are utilized as switches.
Fig : Conventional Cascaded Multilevel Inverter
Fig: Output Waveform of Conventional Cascaded Multilevel Inverter
The yield waveform is like New Cascaded three Level Multilevel Inverter with minimum number of switches. Here a sine wave of amplitude 3 and recurrence 2*pi*50 is contrasted and triangular transporter signal. Keeping in mind the end goal to give get the triangular transporter signal of 1800 phase shift is acquired by utilizing rehashing sequence.
Fig: THD Analysis of Conventional Cascaded Inverter
The THD of ordinary circuit is 22.10%.
With the assistance of rehashing arrangement obstruct the triangular transporter wave flag has been created which is then contrasted and the sinusoidal reference flag utilizing the social administrator square. Utilizing goto name the entryway flag is sent to the fundamental circuit. The goto name named s4 and s5 are utilized to acquire yield in steps and s1, s2, s3 are utilized to rise the progression esteem. The coherent entryway administrators are utilized to include the gating signal which are the given to go to switches s1, s2, s3 separately. The yield waveform is seen utilizing extension. Degree is another matlab work which used to see the yield waveform when the circuit is reproduced.The yield is acquired in steps up to 150V as a 50V dc is connected to each extraordinary voltage source utilized as a part of the circuit. So the initial step is of 50V second step is of 100V and third step is of 150V as appeared in figure above. Likewise in the negative side we get a sum of 150V. so the voltage in each progression is 50V for initial step, 100V for second step, 150V for the third and last advance in the negative area. The yield waveform is seen utilizing extension. Degree is another matlab work which used to see the yield waveform when the circuit is simulated.
The circuit consists of the following parts:
Control unit / MOSFET gate driver
Arduino micro controller
24384008585201. Sources: The DC power supply (Vdc) may be electrical phenomenon system fuel cell, battery, rectifier circuit.
2. Cascaded Multi-level inverter
Cascaded structure multilevel inverter consists of series of H-bridge (Full inverter units. Every bridge is going to be fed from a separate DC supply which can be obtained from batteries, fuel cells, or star cells.
3. Control unit / MOSFET gate driver
MOSFET: The MOSFET consists of a channel of n-type or semiconductor material (see article on semiconductor devices), Associate in Nursing is consequently known as an NMOSFET or a PMOSFET (also unremarkably n-MOSFET, p-MOSFET, n-MOSFET, p-MOSFET, n-MOSFET, p-MOSFET).The 'metal' within the name (for transistors up to the sixty five micromillimeter technology node) is Associate in Nursing anachronism from early chips during which the gates were metal; They use polysilicon gates. IGFET may be a connected, additional general term which means insulated-gate electronic transistor, and is nearly similar with "MOSFET",


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From JDSupra, Steven Bernstein, John Polson, and J. Hagood Tighe report that the United States Department of Labor (DOL), Equal Opportunity Employment Commission (EEOC), and the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) announced plans to revise the joint employment rules. They write:
Joint employment took center stage yesterday during the release of the Fall Regulatory Agenda, as three separate federal agencies announced plans to move forward with revised joint employment rules in December. While the Department of Labor and the National Labor Relations Board had already released versions of their draft rules, it came as somewhat of a surprise to see the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission also announcing that it would weigh in on the topic before the end of 2019. With the uncertainty of an election year coming up in 2020, it appears that the agencies are kicking into overdrive in order to clarify joint employment standards as soon as possible.
Labor Board's Proposed Rule
Over a year ago, the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) published a proposed rule that would fundamentally alter the definition of joint employment, making it more difficult for businesses to be held legally responsible for alleged labor and employment law violations by staffing companies, franchisees, and other related organizations. The rule would also limit the ability of employees from affiliated companies to join together to form unions.
The notice-and-comment period for the proposed rule expired in January 2019, and employers have been waiting patiently for the release of the final rule since then. In yesterday's brief announcement, the Board simply reminded the public that it is currently "engaging in rulemaking to establish the standard for determining joint-employer status under the National Labor Relations Act," and provided a December 2019 expected final date for release of the rule.
Under the proposed rule, an employer would be considered a joint employer of a separate employer's employees only if the two employers share or co-determine the employees' essential terms and conditions of employment, such as hiring, firing, discipline, supervision, and direction. As the Board states, a putative joint employer would have to possess and actually exercise substantial direct and immediate control over the employees' essential terms and conditions of employment in a manner that is not limited and routine.
If adopted, this would overturn the controversial Browning-Ferris decision from 2015, which eliminated the requirement that the entity actually exercise control in order to be found a joint employer. The current standard means that businesses need only retain the contractual right to control to be considered a joint employer—even if it has never exercised it. Further, indirect control (e.g., control through an intermediary) can be sufficient to find joint employment under the Browning-Ferris standard.
Labor Department's Wage And Hour Proposal
The U.S. Department of Labor (USDOL) joined the fray in April 2019 when it also proposed a rule to limit the scope of joint employment liability, this time for wage and hour matters. Like the NLRB's proposed rule, the notice-and-comment period for the USDOL's rule has already expired, and yesterday's announcement indicates that we can expect to see the final rule issued in December.
Under its proposal, the USDOL would examine whether a business is a "joint employer" — equally liable for liability under federal wage and hour laws — using a four-factor test, assessing whether the potential joint employer:
- hires or fires the employee;
- supervises and controls the employee's work schedule or conditions of employment;
- determines the employee's rate and method of payment; and
- maintains the employee's employment records.
Just as important as examining which factors would be examined under the proposed rule are those factors that would be ignored should the agency's proposal be adopted. The agency specifically articulated several aspects common to modern business arrangements that would not be factored into its joint employment consideration. Among those:
- Right to control: An employer's ability, power, or reserved contractual right to act with respect to the employee's terms and conditions of employment would not be relevant to that person's joint employer status. "Only actions taken with respect to the employee's terms and conditions of employment, rather than the theoretical ability to do so under a contract," would be relevant to joint employer status under the FLSA, the agency explained.
- Economic dependence: Whether an employee is economically dependent on the potential joint employer would also not be relevant. In fact, the agency identified certain factors that would be ignored under its analysis, including whether the employee is in a specialty job or a job otherwise requiring special skill, initiative, judgment, or foresight; has the opportunity for profit or loss based on their managerial skill; and invests in equipment or materials required for work or for the employment of helpers.
- Business models, practices, and arrangements: The agency notes that an entity's business model (such as a franchise relationship), business practices (such as allowing an employer to operate a store on the person's premises or participating in an association health or retirement plan), and certain business agreements (such as requiring an employer in a business contract to institute sexual harassment policies), do not make joint employer status more or less likely.
While these proposed new standards may sound like good news, some employers have concerns. First, the proposed regulations provide no guidance regarding the weight to be given to each of the four factors when applied to specific facts. For example, a minor factor such as "maintaining employment records" could carry the same weight as a major factor such as "direction of work."
Second, some commenters contend the mundane task of maintaining employment records does not belong in the analysis at all. Finally, the proposed regulations may also create uncertainty because they include broad catch-all language implying that agencies and courts may in their discretion rely on factors not included the four-factor test.
EEOC Jumps Into Picture
Joining the Labor Department and the Labor Board is the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). There was no prior fanfare about a possible joint employment rule, so the announcement was somewhat unexpected. But the EEOC was without a permanent Chair until Janet Dhillon's confirmation in May 2019, and it now appears as if the Commission is making up for lost time by following in the footsteps of the USDOL and the NLRB.
The EEOC's brief announcement states that it wants to explain its "interpretation of when an entity qualifies as a joint employer" based on the definitions of the statutory terms "employee" and "employer" under federal civil rights laws. Specifically, the EEOC oversees enforcement of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, the Equal Pay Act (EPA), the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), and portions of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), the Rehabilitation Act, and the Genetics Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA). "The proposed rule will clarify when an entity is covered under the federal EEO laws as a joint employer," the announcement states, "and consolidate the EEOC's position on the topic to regulatory locations that are easier for the public to find."
Read the full story atExpect A Trio Of Federal Joint Employment Rules In December | Fisher Phillips – JDSupra