text:
Download the Fact Sheet (Updated 2013)
Download the Previous Fact Sheet (From 2010)
Immigrants, Latinos, and Asians account for growing shares of the economy and electorate in New Hampshire. Immigrants (the foreign-born) make up more than 1 in 20 Granite Staters, and more than half of them are naturalized U.S. citizens who are eligible to vote. "New Americans"—immigrants and the children of immigrants—account for 5.7% of registered voters in the state. Immigrants not only contribute to the state's economy as workers, but also account for billions of dollars in tax revenue and consumer purchasing power. Moreover, Latinos and Asians (both foreign-born and native-born) wield $2.4 billion in consumer purchasing power, and the businesses they own had sales and receipts of more than $900 million and employed nearly 6,000 people at last count. At a time when the economy is still recovering, New Hampshire can ill-afford to alienate such an important component of its labor force, tax base, and business community.
Immigrants and their children are growing shares of New Hampshire's population and electorate.
- The foreign-born share of New Hampshire's population rose from 3.7% in 1990, to 4.4% in 2000, to 5.6% in 2011, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. New Hampshire was home to 73,843 immigrants in 2011.
- 51.8% of immigrants (or 38,286 people) in New Hampshire were naturalized U.S. citizens in 2011 —meaning that they are eligible to vote.
- Unauthorized immigrants comprised roughly 1.2% of the state's population (or 15,000 people) in 2010, according to a report by the Pew Hispanic Center.
- 5.7% (or 43,084) of registered voters in New Hampshire were "New Americans"—naturalized citizens or the U.S.-born children of immigrants who were raised during the current era of immigration from Latin America and Asia which began in 1965—according to an analysis of 2008 Census Bureau data by Rob Paral & Associates.
1 in 20 Granite Staters are Latino or Asian.
- The Latino share of New Hampshire's population grew from 1.0% in 1990, to 1.7% in 2000, to 2.9% (or 38,497 people) in 2011. The Asian share of the population grew from 0.8% in 1990, to 1.3% in 2000, to 2.2% (or 29,002 people) in 2011, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.
- Latinos accounted for 1.1% (or 8,000) of New Hampshire voters in the 2008 elections, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.
- In New Hampshire, 92.4% of children with immigrant parents were U.S. citizens in 2009, according to data from the Urban Institute.
- In 2009, 89.2% of children in Asian families in New Hampshire were U.S. citizens, as were 96.1% of children in Latino families.
Latino and Asian entrepreneurs and consumers add billions of dollars and thousands of jobs to New Hampshire's economy.
- The 2012 purchasing power of Asians in New Hampshire totaled $1.4 billion—an increase of 828% since 1990. Latino buying power totaled $992 million—an increase of 584% since 1990, according to the Selig Center for Economic Growth at the University of Georgia.
- New Hampshire's 2,211 Asian-owned businesses had sales and receipts of $733.4 million and employed 5,083 people in 2007, the last year for which data is available. The state's 1,441 Latino-owned businesses had sales and receipts of $189.4 million and employed 905 people in 2007, according to the U.S. Census Bureau's Survey of Business Owners.
Immigrants are integral to New Hampshire's economy as workers and taxpayers.
- Immigrants comprised 6.5% of the state's workforce in 2011 (or 47,691 workers), according to the U.S. Census Bureau.
- Unauthorized immigrants comprised roughly 1.6% of the state's workforce (or 10,000 workers) in 2010, according to a report by the Pew Hispanic Center.
- If all unauthorized immigrants were removed from New Hampshire, the state would lose $893.2 million in economic activity, $396.7 million in gross state product, and approximately 5,220 jobs, even accounting for adequate market adjustment time, according to a report by the Perryman Group.
Unauthorized immigrants pay taxes.
- Unauthorized immigrants in New Hampshire paid $5.1 million in state and local taxes in 2010, according to data from the Institute for Taxation and Economic Policy, which includes:
- $114,119 in state income taxes.
- $1.5 million in property taxes.
- $3.5 million in sales taxes.
Immigrants are integral to New Hampshire's economy as students.
- New Hampshire's 2,912 foreign students contributed $96.4 million to the state's economy in tuition, fees, and living expenses for the 2011-2012 academic year, according to NAFSA: Association of International Educators.
Naturalized citizens excel educationally.
- In New Hampshire, 39.8% of foreign-born persons who were naturalized U.S. citizens in 2011 had a bachelor's or higher degree.
- The number of immigrants in New Hampshire with a college degree increased by 84.4% between 2000 and 2011, according to data from the Migration Policy Institute.
- In New Hampshire, 91.3% of children with immigrant parents were considered "English proficient" as of 2009, according to data from the Urban Institute.
- The English proficiency rate among Asian children in New Hampshire was 89.2%, while for Latino children it was 88.8%, as of 2009.
Published On: Fri, Jan 11, 2013 | Download File


text: Cameron Park Elementary School in Hillsborough held an Early Earth Day Celebration on April 11 with visits from two special guests: NASA astronaut Sunita Williams and UNC's Nobel Prize-winning scientist Oliver Smithies.Williams went to the International Space Station aboard the shuttle Discovery in December 2006 and remained in space for 195 days, setting the record for the longest spaceflight by a woman. While she was in the space station, another astronaut cut her long ponytail and sent the hair back to Earth to be donated to Locks of Love, which makes wigs for cancer patients. She also ran the Boston Marathon in space last year to draw attention to fitness for kids. Students also learned Williams worked seven-hour days wearing a 300-pound space suit, ate dehydrated food and exercised frequently to help prevent bone loss due to the lack of gravity. She told the students about the special respect and appreciation for the earth that she gained from her perspective in space.Smithies, who won the 2007 Nobel Prize in medicine, engaged Cameron Park students in a discussion about the excitement of discovery. Using a basketball, he showed how daylight moves around the earth as it rotates. He also showed students a helix and mentioned his laboratory experiments in genetics. Smithies' work has been recognized as revolutionizing research into the genetic basis of disease.Students also enjoyed outdoor games and lots of learning about conservation, recycling and environmental protection.Outdoor learning exhibits were presented by the North Carolina Fossil Club, SEEDS, North Carolina Fisheries, Orange County Soil and Water Conservation, Orange County Erosion Control, Orange County Solid Waste and Recycling, Bountiful Backyards, and Occaneechi leader John Blackfeather Jeffries.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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- by Jeroen Fijan, 27/03/20
Richard Mollier was a professor of Applied Physics and Mechanics and a pioneer of experimental research in thermodynamics in the late 19th century. He carried out meticulous calculations for every state and property of air.
The result: the emblematic HX diagram.
An easy-to-read tool still in use today. In this issue of our blog, we explain how the diagram works and how to read it.
Why make thousands of calculations every time you need to predict the state of a medium? Richard Mollier saved us a tremendous amount of time by making all those calculations for us and instead giving us this powerful tool.
The diagram provides a graphic representation of the relationship between physical conditions and the corresponding changes in the system: the two can be linked simply by drawing some lines and knowing what their intersections represent.
Constant temperature lines in the diagram are largely horizontal, but slightly tilted. Each line corresponds to a temperature, and they are simple and proportionate – in other words, if you need the line for 21.5°C and this is not indicated in the graph, you can simply imagine a line exactly in the middle between those for 21 and 22°C.
The vertical lines in the diagram represent absolute humidity in grams per kilogram, with a range from 0 to 40 g/kg. They show how much water vapour the air can contain at different temperatures: the warmer the air, the more water vapour it can contain.
The curved lines in the diagram represent the relative humidity of air. As we mentioned above, air can hold a fixed amount of water vapour. Relative humidity is the ratio of existing water vapour in the air to the maximum possible amount of vapour the air could potentially contain.
The 100% humidity line is also called the saturation line. This is the maximum amount of vapour that air in a given condition can contain.
The diagonal lines in the diagram represent specific enthalpy, which indicates the internal energy of the air. Again, as with humidity, this is higher when the air is hotter.
The last set of lines in the diagram are the lines of air density, which range from 1.1 to 1.35 kg/m³. Colder air is heavier than hotter air as colder molecules are packed more closely together and thus denser in low temperatures. As temperature rises, the atoms enter a more excited state, and space between them increases, reducing density.
The dew point and wet bulb temperature are two important variables that can be read indirectly from the Mollier diagram. The dew point is the temperature at which air starts to condense. The wet-bulb temperature is the theoretical temperature read by a thermometer covered in water-soaked cloth over which air is passed.
As an example, let us imagine an arbitrary state, like 25°C with 50% relative humidity. You can find the dew point by drawing a line from the point where the 50% relative humidity curve intersects with an imaginary line indicating a temperature of 25°C in the graph straight down to the saturation line (which, as you remember, represents 100% relative humidity). The temperature corresponding to this point is the dew point temperature – in this case 14°C.
For the wet bulb temperature, we again start from the point where relative humidity is 50% and temperature is 25°C, but instead of a vertical line, we follow the specific enthalpy line down to the saturation line. The temperature at this point is the wet bulb temperature, or around 18.3°C in our example.
In the next blog, we'll show you how to make practical use of the diagram by making calculations with it.
Jeroen Fijan | R&D Manager
Jeroen Fijan has been working at Heinen & Hopman since 2001. He started as a draughtsman and, over the years, worked his way up to the top of the R&D division. Sustainability is a top priority in the quest to improve H&H's products and processes.
The diagram lets us establish the relationship between physical conditions and the corresponding changes in the system simply by drawing some lines.
- R&D Manager
- R&D Manager

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Discover the Lost
There are 5.8 million lost people in North Carolina.
We've identified the top 100 areas of lostness in North Carolina. Of these 100, 97 are located within the top eight population centers of the state. Population centers include the cities and surrounding areas of Charlotte, the Research Triangle (Raleigh, Durham, Chapel Hill), the Triad (Greensboro, Winston-Salem, High Point), Fayetteville, Wilmington, Hickory, Asheville and Greenville.
Moreover, the unreached peoples of the world have come to our own communities. In reaching these people, contextual strategies based on ethnic and/or cultural contexts have proven to be the most effective approaches to impacting lostness.
How can I discover the lost?
 1. Local
 Start by prayerwalking or prayerdriving your community or neighborhood and observe the needs that exist.
 2. State
 Use the pockets of lostness map to identify how close your church is to a pocket. Contact a coordinator in your region to begin the process of discovery.
 3. World
 Discover how the world has begun to be displayed in your town. Then, find a people group on this map to learn more about them.
Select Language ^


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Libra Trans are committed to our environment and constantly look at ways of reducing our impact. We are using constant driver training to improve our driver handling and skills to reduce fuel consumption and therefore the vehicle impact on the environment. Our commitment to becoming carbon neutral and the purchase carbon credits to offset our carbon footprint.
We use advanced telematics, to monitor driver behaviour, with daily and weekly detailed driving behaviour to reduce and emlinate agressive driving.Which reduces our fuel consumpstion by 10-15 %.
As part of our assoication with TPN, we can reduce our miles per pallet signifacantly, ensuring the minmum impact on our enviroment, on overnight pallets.


diverse than some of the more exotic Race Packages that cost 30+ points.
GM's can alter Race Package Deals as they like, but as noted previously the intention is for players to not be able to alter Race Packages outside of any Option Lists or Pick Lists presented within the Packages themselves. Pick Lists within a Package are always selectable by players, but abilities from Option Lists might require GM approval. This section discusses the idea of Race Options Lists in more depth.
Option Lists are included for some Races in the material provided herein. Their primary purpose is to illustrate additional abilities that some, but not all, members of a particular Race might have. However, depending on your GM's vision of how a particular Race should be depicted they may or may not allow all abilities on Race Option lists. Seek your GM's input when selecting abilities from Race Option Lists.
Players that wish to expand their Character's Race Package by taking one or more abilities from these lists must decide to do so during initial Character Design.
Nature vs. Nurture
Because the depiction of the various "demi-human" groups varies somewhat from setting to setting and in fictional sources, some of the ancillary abilities sometimes attributed to the various common Fantasy Races were placed in Option Lists rather than in the Race Packages directly.
Additionally abilities that seemed more like "trained" or "learned" skills rather than innate attributes of a Race were also placed into the Option Lists.
Essentially, many of the Options provided allow the Race Package Deals for some Races to be expanded to also serve as de facto Cultural or Background Package Deals.
For instance, in some settings perhaps all members of a Race have these abilities innately, but in other settings or GM's games they must be learned as part of a Character's background, leading to variation among members of the same Race depending upon their training, or perhaps distinct bloodlines within the Race.
Portrait Of A Hill Dwarf
Take the Hill Dwarf Race Package as an example. The default version is priced at 10 Real Cost, with a number of the Dwarven Underground abilities shifted into the Dwarven Option List rather than taken as part of the Hill Dwarf Package, as these abilities may be learned rather than innate depending upon perspective.
In some campaigns the GM might agree with this assessment and allow individual Hill Dwarf Characters to purchase abilities from the Option List where appropriate for their backgrounds.
Other GM's may prefer that these abilities be considered innate and therefore included in the Hill Dwarf Race Package and modify the Race Package accordingly. This wont necessarily have a major impact on cost scaling either if the "Total Cost" method of Race Package use is in effect as other Disadvantages or penalties could be applied to keep the Package's cost manageable. An example of this is shown below.
Hill Dwarves
Hill Dwarves typically live either above ground in highland villages, or in Dwarven holdfasts near the surface, typically farming and/or maintaining livestock for sustenance. This kind of Dwarf is less common than Mountain Dwarves in most settings, but more often encountered because their steadings are not as remote or difficult to find. Hill Dwarves are typically taller and lither than their Mountain kin, and less dour in outlook.
NOTE: This variant of Hill Dwarves have innate Underground senses and abilities.
Cost Ability
5 Strong: +5 STR
6 Durable: +3 CON
6 Durable: +3 BODY
4 Stubborn +2 EGO
5 Doughty: Power Defense: 5
15 Magic Resistance: Damage Reduction 25% Resistant; Only vs Magic (-1)
7 Poison Resistance: Immunity to Poisons, Activation 14- (-1/2)
5 Infravision: Infrared Perception
6 Stalwart: +5 Mental Defense, +5 Power Defense, +5 PRE; Only to Resist Fear (-2)
2 Keen Senses: +1 PER with Normal Hearing and Normal Touch
1 Longevity: LS: 200 Years
1 Longevity: Double to LS: 400 Years
3 Racial Enmity: +1 All Combat, vs. Orc-kin Only (-2)
3 Racial Enmity: +1 All Combat, vs. Giant-kin Only (-2)
6 Stoneworker: KS: Stonework; PS: Mason
Value Disadvantages
-20 Normal Characteristic Maxima
-5 Distinctive Feature: Dwarf (Concealable w/ Magic, Noticed, Not Distinctive in Some Cultures)
-5 Physical Limitation: Short but Heavy (4 ft - 5 ft; 250 to 400 lbs)
-5 Psychological Limitation: Insular and Gruff (Uncommon, Moderate)
-2 Slow: -1" Running
-1 Dense Flesh: -1" Swimming
-1 Cumbersome: -1" Leaping
-9 Thick-limbed: -3 DEX
-2 Ruminating: -2 INT
-2 Rough-hewn: -4 COM
-10 Psychological Limitation: Racial Enmity: Orc-kin (Uncommon, Strong)
-10 Psychological Limitation: Racial Enmity: Giant-kin (Uncommon, Strong)
-10 Psychological Limitation: Gold lust & Greed (Common, Moderate)
Total Cost of Package
In the Race Packages provided herein it is intended that Characteristic adjustments in the Race Package Deals be applied after Normal Characteristic Maxima is determined. This is true of both bonuses and penalties. In this fashion an effective Altered Characteristic Maxima is achieved.
EXAMPLE: The stock package given for Hairfoot Halflings grants a +1 Speed, +2 DEX, -5 STR, -2 BODY, -2 INT, -5 PRE as part of the Race Package Deal. If a Hairfoot Halfling Character purchases +10 DEX and +10 STR outside of their Package they do not encounter Characteristic Maxima having neither DEX or STR above 20.
After NCM is determined the Race Characteristic modifiers are applied, resulting in an adjusted DEX of 22 and an adjusted STR of 15.
NOTE: This is a variation from the recommended method of handling Characteristic Bonuses in 5th Edition Fantasy HERO.
The Alternate NCM Template File Maker for HERO Designer v3 is provided to assist users of the software to create a file with the necessary content to instruct HERO Designer that a Character has base and max Characteristics different than the assumed norms.
Instructions are provided on the tools use. It's really quite easy to do, and only takes a few minutes. However, if you experience difficulties using it email Killer Shrike with any questions and you will be given reasonably timely assistance (within a day or two typically).
Characteristic bonuses from all other (non-Race) Package Deals do count against Characteristic Maxima. This may require such a Package to be refactored if a Character is already at or near their Characteristic Maxima when they take the non-Race Package. In all cases where possible take the number of Character points spent on the Characteristic in the Package Deal, and buy that many points worth of Characteristic at the increased price.
It is perfectly acceptable to not use the method of handling Race Packages offered by this site. A GM could opt for a standard Fantasy HERO implementation of Race Packages, use the Race Packages from Fantasy HERO for 5th Edition, The Turakian Age, or some other source.
The remaining material contained by this site is still generally usable even in this scenario, though some assumptions regarding starting point totals and the pricing of other Packages might need to be examined on a case by case basis.
More unusually a GM might decide to not use Race Packages at all. My personal recommendation is to reconsider this position, but theoretically this is doable. In my experience without some kind of consistent definition of what constitutes a particular Race, odd inconsistencies arise during play.
Also, for some players, Characters can seem to lose a good deal of the flavor of being members of various Races in such an environment. Since there is no real definition of what it means to be a member of a particular Race there also tends to be a very large skew between individual player's interpretations of what a Race is composed of mechanically.
As far as eschewing Race Package Deals altogether and using the material on this web site is concerned, there is a strong assumption that Race Packages will be used and in many ways the Race Package concept forms the foundation of the stackable Package material. Most tellingly, a good deal of material references or implies or proceeds on the assumption that every Character must have one and only one Race Package Deal when they are created.
Thus some of the material might need to be reevaluated on a case by case basis from the perspective of a campaign with no Race Packages whatsoever.
HERO System 5th Edition Changes To Package Deals
The following is just an open discourse on the subject of the Race Packages presented on this site and can be ignored by most readers.
Many of the Race Packages provided on this site were migrated from HERO System 4th Edition Packages. Several changes were made in then HERO System 5th Edition which impacted the methodology used in their original design under 4th Edition rules.
All of the older Race Package Deals from earlier iterations of this web site have been updated to be HERO System 5th Edition compliant (except as regards Distinctive Features, see below). The primary changes were the removal of the 4th Edition altered Characteristic Maxima and Package Bonuses, and the removal of Shrinking Always On, Density Increase Always On, and Growth Always On in exchange for Physical Limitations for Races of unusual size.
 1. Package Deals no longer give Package Bonuses.
 2. Normal Characteristic Max


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Data Science Process
Here is our process explained with rough estimates how long each phase will last. Please note that estimates are here to get a sense how long can each phase last, when we get more details we can plan better (after business workshop).
Business insight as a service is an optional phase, only for clients that have the data, they know they can gain more insights but do not have clear vision how to leverage the data.
- Business insight as a service (5 - 10 days)
- Why: Purpose of this phase is to take the data, derive meaning from it and create the report with graphs and possible ideas for implementation
- How: Advisory (Data Scientists, Business Analysts, Data Wrangler)
- Input: business case explanation, data specification (some document explaining meaning of data, and what data is stored) and data itself, type of problem (is it what can be done with our data in terms of this and that? or I have this business problem, can you solve it with help of data we have or enriching it with other data?)
- Output: report with some insights, business impact of proposed solutions and implementational ideas based on business case and data, examples of inputs and outputs of each idea
- Phase 1 - business domain workshop (1 - 3 days)
- Why: we need to understand better what we are building and all business domain specifics. Also we want to build detailed plan how we will implement whole solution. This would be workshop on insights coming from former phase.
- How: Advisory On-Site (Data Scientists, Business Analysts, Data Wrangler)
- Input: key insights from business insight as a service or insights client had before contacting us (this phase can also be 1st phase in some cases, but then client knows exactly what they want)
- Output: an implementation plan with milestones, timeline and notes about important business parameters, detailed explanation which business problem will be solved and how
- Phase 2 - Feature engineering (up to 2 weeks)
- Why: after a business domain workshop, everything should be clear and we can extract important features which will be used in machine learning algorithms
- How: Advisory (Data Scientists)
- Input: notes about important business parameters, tech feasibility, other tech requirements mapping
- Output: well defined set of features to use by machine learning algorithm
- Phase 3 - Demo / prototyping (about a month)
- Why: create machine learning algorithms based on the input data set (e.g. historical data) in order to verify the idea and to test it before the actual implementation.
- How: Implementation (Team Approach: Data Scientists, Data Engineer)
- Input: Defined set of features
- Output: a clickable web demo that demonstrates the main idea as well as machine learning algorithms' outputs/results
- Phase 4 - MVP (few months, depending on the scope)
- Why: After the algorithms is verified and the output results are satisfying, we can proceed with a MVP (minimum viable product) implementation. Team approach which is blend of data engineers, devops and data scientists.
- How: Implementation (Team Approach: Data Scientists, Data Engineer, Data Ops)
- Input: verified demo with selected algorithms
- Output: a functional MVP (first product implementation)
- Phase 5 - development of other features and improvement of algorithm (ongoing)
- Why: Every algorithm can be better, and every application can have more features.
- How: Maintenance (Team Approach: Data Scientists, Data Engineer, Data Ops)


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Interagency Coordinating Council
"The mission of the Utah Interagency Coordinating Council for Infants and Toddlers with Special Needs is to assure that each infant and young child with special needs will have the opportunity to achieve optimal health and development within the context of the family."
Introduction to ICC: Interagency Coordinating Council for Infants and Toddlers with Disabilities and their Families
What is Early Intervention?
Baby Watch Early Intervention is a statewide, comprehensive, coordinated, interagency, multidisciplinary system, which provides early intervention services to infants and toddlers, younger than three years of age, with developmental delay or disability, and their families. Early intervention is the "baby" piece of Special Education. The program is authorized through the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA), Part C, (Early Intervention Program for Infants and Toddlers with Disabilities). In 1987, Utah's Governor designated the Department of Health (DOH) as the "Lead Agency" for the early intervention program. Utah was one of the very first states in the nation to fully implement its early intervention program after securing the approval of the State Legislature.
At present, there are 16 early intervention programs that serve more than 2,000 children per month in the state. It is anticipated that the demand for these services will continually increase.
What is an Interagency Coordinating Council (ICC)?
The creation of an ICC was established with the passage of federal law P.L. 99-457 in October 1986. Developers of the legislation recognized the need for a group outside of the Lead Agency to "advise and assist" in the development of such a system. The independent nature of the ICC is one feature that gives the group the potential for making a contribution to the development of the service system.
Another feature of the regulations is the multidisciplinary and the multi-constituency representation on the ICC. By specifying what types of members should be included on the ICC, the legislation enables states to bring together consumer, clinical, political, and administrative communities. This merging of a variety of communities facilitates the building of bridges between the involved agencies. In addition, the committee has provided a broader vision of the service system based upon the participation and contributions of all relevant providers and consumers.
The ICC, a body required by statute to be appointed by each state's Governor, is to be an important participant in the development of a well-coordinated service system (Federal Interagency Coordinating Council, June, 1989). Each state ICC determines, in conjunction with the Lead Agency, the nature of the roles and tasks it chooses to perform at various policy stages.
The Utah ICC is an interagency group whose membership represents the statewide early childhood services community. It is comprised of up to 25 members.
The purpose of the Utah ICC is to advise and assist the lead agency in the Division of Community and Family Health Services, Bureau of Children with Special Health Care Needs in the UDOH.
Much of the work of the ICC is accomplished in standing committees and ad hoc task force meetings that perform long range planning, study specific issues and make appropriate actions. A member of the ICC chairs each committee.
What role does the ICC play?
The Council functions as a planning body at the systems level and advocates for children birth to three years of age and their families with or at-risk for a developmental disability. The Council acts in three major roles:
(1) ADVISOR: Providing advice to the Lead Agency, Governor and the state legislature on issues related to the development of a coordinated system of early intervention services for children with or at-risk for a developmental disability and their families.
The federal law defines the Council membership and the program in order to give it a unique view of the "service systems".
The parent component of the Council gives it a perspective which may be different from that presented by state agencies which are represented on the Council.
The Council can use its special vantage point to be recognized as a source of information for the Lead Agency, Governor, and legislators, as well as other key decision makers in the state.
(2) NEGOTIATOR: Working as an advocate to encourage a particular course of action by the state.
A major activity of the Council is to "review and comment on the annual state plan for services for children birth to three years" as part of its overall responsibility to assess the service system as it exists in the state. This information as well as interagency coordination is another important goal of the program and puts the Council in a position to be effective in making changes in how services are provided in the state. With agency and provider representatives on the Council, communication can more easily be effected and gaps between agencies can hopefully be bridged.
(3) CAPACITY BUILDER: Enhancing the ability of the overall service system to address service needs.
In this role, the Council works to increase the quality and quantity of desired supports and services from the public and private sectors, to ensure that all needy children and families will be provided early intervention services.


Balloon Hangers are a decorating accessory used to simplify making and hanging latex balloon clusters. Balloon Hangers eliminate the need for tape or wire.
There are two types of Balloon Hangers:
 1. Corner Balloon Hangers: Holds three balloons and is used to hang balloons in corners.
 2. Cluster Balloon Hangers: Comes with two pieces and holds eight balloons. This hanger is used for hanging balloons clusters from the ceiling and to create arches and column displays.
How to use Balloon Hangers
 1. Inflate and tie the latex balloons. It's recommended to make one cluster at a time.
 2. Insert the necks of the balloons, below the knot you tied, into the slits of the hanger.
 3. Once the hanger is complete, use a pushpin to hang it from the ceiling. If this is not an option, it is best to try and test different methods before your event.
How to use Balloon Hangers to create an arch
Use the disc piece from a Cluster Balloon Hanger to make a balloon arch.
 1. Inflate eight balloons and tie them.
 2. Insert one balloon into each slot on the hanger below to the knot.
 3. Feed monofilament line through the center of the hanger
 4. Attach a weight to the bottom of the line.
 5. Keep stacking clusters while feeding monofilament line through the hangers, until the desired size is reached.
Other Ideas
To create balloon columns, use the same method as building an arch, but stack clusters to the desired height.
You can also create free-standing columns by threading the discs down a rod and then insert one end into a planter so it stands upright.
Shop for Balloon Hangers


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Definition: 'Diamond-shaped Murmur'
diamond-shaped murmurType: Term
1. a crescendo-decrescendo murmur, from the shape of the frequency intensity curve of the phonocardiogram, often audible as such.
The information shown above for diamond-shaped murmur is provided by Stedman's.
* Stedman's, part of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, provide a comprehensive line of health-science publications for healthcare professionals and medical students.


Hundreds of Texans report seeing fireball in sky
AUSTIN, Texas (AP) — Hundreds of Texans are giving online accounts of seeing a massive bright ball of light streak across the nighttime sky.
The Austin American-Statesman reports ( people from the Dallas-Fort Worth area west to Abilene and south to Waco, Austin, San Antonia and Houston say they saw the white fireball at about 9 p.m. Saturday. Most people say they saw one, but a few say they saw a second smaller flash.
American Meteor Society scientist Robert Lunsford says it was likely a very bright meteor or fireball.
The society says thousands of meteors pass across the Earth's atmosphere daily, but most occur over uninhabited areas. Sometimes they occur during daylight hours.
In February 2012, people from Oklahoma City to Houston gave similar accounts of seeing a fireball streak across the sky.
Information from: Austin American-Statesman,


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Just a quick note to let y'all know the submission guidelines have been updated for Issue #8, the theme confirmed and the reading period announced. Here's a summery summary:
The next reading period is 1st April 2010 to 31st May 2010, when we will be accepting submissions for Issue #8 of SteamPunk Magazine, which is due out in October. The theme for Issue #8 will be The Myth of History, studying the relationship between the impact that stories and legends have on us, and the fallacy of the concept of 'truth' in the way that history is recorded and remembered.. Some ideas for fiction and articles on this theme are:
- Legends in steampunk
- Popular misconceptions in history
- Steampunk as historical myth
- Allegorical poems and tales
- The importance of stories over 'fact'
- Invented history
- Lost and forgotten inventions
- How history is constructed in order to obtain and maintain power
As always, we will accept both themed and unthemed material, so please don't be restricted by the examples above.
Follow this link to read them in full, as well as get details of how to submit your stuff.
Please note, we are not open to submissions yet!


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"How many days until our trip?" and "When are we going to Disney World?" are questions you are likely to hear again and again as soon as you let your family know you are planning a Disney vacation. Having a way to count the days can make it easier on everyone — kids can check the number of days at a glance, and mom and dad won't have to answer the same question each day. Read on for some great countdown ideas, and enjoy the time leading up to your Disney vacation.
Mark the calendar: It sounds silly, but simply having the date marked on a calendar in plain view will help. Let the kids decorate the week with Mickey Mouse and Disney themed stickers, and post the calendar in a busy room like the kitchen. Older kids will be able to count the days, and little ones will be able to have a better visual of just "when" you are going as well.
Make a chain: Make an old fashioned paper chain using Disney themed papers (look in the scrapbook section of your local craft store for some great papers). Make one link for each day of your trip, and tear a link each night before you go to bed. If you have small children who are learning their numbers, count the links each night. Hang the chain in a visible area for a great visual reminder of just "how many days" are left.
Make a "thermometer": Draw or trace a thermometer image onto poster board, and color in a little each day, so that everyone can see at a glance how far off your trip is. You don't have to use a traditional thermometer — you can use Disney paper and cut any shape you'd like to represent your trip.
Fill a balloon: If you are feeling crafty, trace or print out a balloon shape onto poster board and hang it in a visible area. Use a Mickey Mouse paper punch to cut "Mickey Heads" from colorful paper. Cut one head for each day until your trip. Each day, attach another "head" with glue. When the balloon is full, it is time to go!


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For the genus of fungi, see Gibellina (fungus).
Comune di Gibellina
Coat of arms of Gibellina
Coat of arms
Gibellina is located in Italy
Location of Gibellina in Italy
Coordinates: 37°49′N 12°52′E / 37.817°N 12.867°E / 37.817; 12.867
Country Italy
Region Sicily
Province Trapani (TP)
 - Mayor Arch Rosario Fontana (since 02/06/2010)
 - Total 45 km2 (17 sq mi)
Elevation 233 m (764 ft)
Population (2010)
 - Total 4,298
 - Density 96/km2 (250/sq mi)
Demonym Gibellinesi
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 - Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code 91024
Dialing code 0924
Patron saint Saint Roch
Saint day 16 August
Website Official website
Gibellina (Sicilian: Gibbiddina) is a small city and comune in the mountains of central Sicily, Italy in the Province of Trapani. It was destroyed by the 1968 Belice earthquake.[1]
The new city, Gibellina Nuova, was rebuilt some 11 kilometres (7 mi) distant from the old one. The new city was designed by many of the most prominent artists and architects in Italy, but done in a piecemeal fashion so that the parts of the new city bear little relation to one another or to the indigenous architecture of Sicily.
Ruderi di Gibellina (as the ruins of the city are now referred to) remained just as it was after the earthquake, practically a ghost-town. Artist Alberto Burri covered the entirety of the ruins in concrete, while preserving the shape of the buildings and the streetscape. Additionally, Italian sculptor Pietro Consagra and Senator Ludovico Corrao formed an open air museum with a Consagra sculpture "Porta del Belice" or "Door to Belice" at the entrance. Consagra expressed a wish to be buried at Gibellina on his deathbed in July 2005.[2]
Ruderi di Gibellina by Gabriel Valentini


3e SRD:Disable Device Skill
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This material is published under the OGL
Disable Device (Int; Trained Only)
The effort requires at least a simple tool of the appropriate sort (a pick, pry bar, saw, file, etc.). Attempting a Disable Device check without a set of thieves' tools carries a –2 circumstance penalty, even if a simple tool is employed. The use of masterwork thieves' tools enables the character to make the check with a +2 circumstance bonus.
The DM makes the Disable Device check so that the character doesn't necessarily know whether the character has succeeded. The amount of time needed to make a check and the DC for the check depend on how tricky the device is. Disabling a simple device takes 1 round (and is at least a full-round action). Intricate or complex devices require 2d4 rounds. The character also can rig simple devices such as saddles or wagon wheels to work normally for a while and then fail or fall off some time later (usually after 1d4 rounds or minutes of use).
Disabling (or rigging or jamming) a fairly simple device has a DC of 10. More intricate and complex devices have a higher DC. The DM rolls the check. If the check succeeds, the character disables the device. If the check fails by up to 4, the character has failed but can try again. If the character fails by 5 or more, something goes wrong. If it's a trap, the character springs it. If it's some sort of sabotage, the character thinks the device is disabled, but it still works normally.
Device Time DC* Example
Simple 1 round 10 Jam a lock
Tricky 1d4 rounds 15 Sabotage a wagon wheel
Difficult 2d4 rounds 20 Disarm a trap, reset a trap
*If the character attempts to leave behind no trace of the tampering, add 5 to the DC.
Yes, though the character must be aware that the character has failed in order to try again.
A rogue who beats a trap's DC by 10 or more can generally study a trap, figure out how it works, and bypass it (along with his companions) without disarming it.
Rogues (and only rogues) can disarm magic traps. A magic trap generally has a DC of 25 + the level of the magic used to create it.
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text:
The title of the performance, Terrace Canon, was derived from the action of the 30 performers moving in canon with one anothermovement echoing and repeating from one group or pair of performers to the next. The choreography was inspired by the natural landscape of the forest adjacent to the Kyoto College of Art performance area. The motion of the trees and their firm rooting to the earth was the starting point in designing the movement for this work.Performers moved in small groups, duets and alone as the piece progressed. These spatial relationships and groups were always changing. The movement chosen was simple in nature, as the surrounding landscape was complex in visual information. Singular arm gestures, walking patterns, and the transfer of weight in partners and alone was the main focus of the choreography.
Costumes were designed and dyed in collaboration with Michie Yamaguchi, Associate Professor of Textiles at the Kyoto College of Art. As the performers weaved through the space, the abstract colors of the sky and the forest met and separated.


text:
Five Common Sources of Hydraulic System Contamination
When contamination gets into a hydraulic system, it can cause a wide range of problems. From system stoppages to complete failures and extensive hardware damage, the smallest amount of contamination can be costly. Most contamination in systems is found in hydraulic fluids and oils and comes from these five common sources:
- New Fluid/Oil: When adding new fluid or oil to the system, be careful to not get dirt and other debris inside. New oils are not necessarily clean oils. The storage methods used can also introduce contaminants into the oil.
- Internal Wear: Wear of components that make up the system will create contamination through normal wear and tear.
- Manufacturing Processes: There can be small particles left inside pumps or other components when they are manufactured.
- Repair Processes: Contaminants can get into the system during repairs through any exposed openings, moveable rods, and so on.
- Operating Environment: The operating environment where the system is used can introduce unwanted contaminants into the system. For instance, operating in dusty conditions can cause dirt particles to enter via tank breathers or exposed cylinder rods.
It is essential to identify potential sources of contaminants in your environment and utilize various methods to keep contamination levels low. One of the more effective methods is to use the right filters in the right locations within the system.
For recommendations on how to address contamination in your system, as well as hydraulic gear pumps, filters, parts, and other components, please feel free to contact White House Products Ltd. at +44 (0) 1475 742500 today!
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Fundamentals of taxes for passive investors
Investing involves accumulating financial assets which may require you to pay additional taxes. You need to comprehend your taxes so you can be aware of your (tax) obligations and avoid paying unnecessary fines. Additionally, an understanding of taxes allows you to reduce them and as a result increase your returns.
The tax laws are different in every country – there isn't any common European law on taxes – therefore I can't write a general guide to taxes to every single country. This article aims to give you an overview of the fundamentals which may be common in some countries so you can have a starting point. It does not exclude the need to for you to get to know the specifics around your local taxes. There might be more taxes and aspects to consider (than the ones mentioned here) as you invest.
Dividend taxes
You may receive dividends from your index funds. A dividend tax is a tax imposed on the amount of dividends you received.
For example, if you received 20 EUR in dividends and the dividend tax rate is 25%, you would have to pay 5 EUR in taxes.
Avoiding dividend taxes is one of the primary motivations for buying accumulating funds.
Capital gains taxes
Capital gains taxes are taxes on the profits made from selling your index fund shares.
For example, if you buy one share of a fund for 100 EUR and you sell it for 300 EUR. Your profit was 200 EUR. If the capital gains tax rate is 25%, you would have to pay 50 EUR in taxes.
Usually, you don't tend to pay capital gains taxes when you sell your shares at a loss (e.g. bought for 100 EUR and sold for 50 EUR). Some countries allow investors to use losses to deduct their taxes across different fiscal years in order to reduce their taxable income.
Different taxes depending on the fund
Different fund types might be taxed at a different capital gains and dividends taxes. An example is Belgium which taxes accumulating equity funds and accumulating bond funds differently.
Tax withholding
Tax withholding happens when the payer of the income (e.g. a broker, a fund) retains the taxes you owe and pays them directly to the government.
In Germany, local brokers do tax withholding. Therefore, you don't have to pay the taxes to the government since the broker will do that.
In some countries brokers don't withhold taxes. Therefore, you would have to pay the taxes to the government at the end of the fiscal year.
Fiscal year
Fiscal year is the period used by governments for tax purposes. Different countries may use different periods. In some countries you submit a tax form with your income details at the end of the fiscal year.
Belgium's fiscal year matches the calendar – from 1st January to 31st December. This means that for the fiscal year of 2017, the government would use all your transactions incurred from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2017, to calculate your tax liabilities.
The UK's fiscal year is from 6th of April until 5th of April. Therefore the period to calculate the tax liabilities is different from Belgium's.
Tax allowance
A tax allowance is a threshold below which you don't have to pay tax (e.g. dividends or capital gains). For example, if you have received 50 EUR worth of dividends in a fiscal year and the tax free allowance is 900 EUR then you don't need to pay any tax.
The UK has a capital gains tax allowance.
Tax shelter
A tax shelter is an investment wrapper which allows investors to contribute to funds without being subject to capital gains/dividend taxes. These vary significantly between countries. The UK's ISA is an example of a tax shelter.
Tax form
A tax form (electronically or in paper) is where the taxes are actually reported to the government. A tax form will have many sections, some of which dedicated to filling investment related information. These sections is where you fill information related to dividends/capital gains you obtained during the fiscal year.
Tax deductions
A tax deduction is a way through which you use expenses made on certain items to reduce your taxable income. Some retirement investment wrappers allow you to deduct contributions made to them from your taxable income. Example: You earned 70k EUR in a fiscal year and contributed 20k EUR to your retirement pension scheme. Instead of income taxes on being applied on the full 70k EUR, a tax deduction would allow income taxes to be applied only on the 50k EUR (70k – 20k).
Notional income tax
Notional income tax is a tax on income that you could have possibly earned but haven't received.
An example where this is applied is how the UK treats taxation of accumulating funds. You pay dividends tax on the accumulated dividends even if you didn't actually directly receive them.
For the purposes of index investing, a notional income tax will dictate if the tax treatment of accumulating and distributing funds is similar.
Fund tax reporting status
Tax reporting is the set of processes funds undertake to optimize the taxes of their investors. A few countries (notably the UK and Germany) have special legislation which makes "non reporting" funds taxed at a higher rate. There is a "tax status" section in justETF and you should pay attention to it if you live in the UK, Austria, Switzerland and Germany.
Inheritance taxes
Inheritance or estate taxes are taxes paid by the person who inherits money/property/assets from somebody that has died. One of the reasons why investing in US domiciled funds is not recommended for many European investors is US's estate tax for non resident aliens.
Tax law changes
Tax law changes all the time. Tax rates, deduction limits, tax calculation methods may change from one fiscal year to the other. You need to not only understand taxes but be wary of any potential changes every year.
For example, at the start of 2018 Germany did a significant overhaul of the way it taxes ETFs.
This also means that any claims about a specific country's tax peculiarities in this article is only really valid at the time of writing.


National Putative Father's Registry: Good Idea or Bad Idea?
Recently, federal legislation was introduced that would create a national putative father's registry to address the parental rights of unmarried men. The bill is called the Protecting Responsible Fatherhood and Promoting Adoption Act of 2012 and it would create a registry known as the "National Responsible Father Registry."
The parental rights of unmarried men are often in a precarious position because they don't automatically acquire legal parental rights to their children, unlike the parental rights of unmarried women. Men often don't even know of their own child's existence until someone else has already adopted the child.
A number of states, including Florida, already have a putative father's registry. If a woman gives birth and wants to place the child up for adoption, the court will require a search of the registry. If the father's name is there, he will get notice of the adoption and normally has a right to object to the adoption.
The problem with the registries is that they require every unmarried man who believes he may have fathered a child to file a form with the registry basically laying claim to that child. So, if a single man has sex with a woman, he would need to file a form with the state identifying himself, the woman, and in some states the approximate birth date of the child or the place and date of conception.
If the man does that and a child was conceived that the mother later places up for adoption, the man will get notice of the adoption and have an opportunity to assert his parental rights. However, if the man never files a form, the adoption could be completed without his knowledge.
The national putative father's registry is being proposed based on the idea that there is not uniformity amongst the states. A man may send his notice to the wrong state because he may not know in which state the woman gave birth. Further, 16 states don't even have registries, so many people believe that a coordinated national registry is needed.
Other people believe that a national putative father's registry is not a good idea. They believe that these registries wrongly put the burden on unmarried fathers to know about their children and wrongly favor an easy adoption at the expense of a genetic father's rights.
It will be interesting to see if Congress passes the bill and creates the national putative father's registry. In the meantime, if you are an unmarried father, you may need the services of an experienced Tampa family law firm to fight for your rights.


Communicating with an Event Bus
By now, you should be familiar with the various ways the Android framework relies on passing data between the various abstractions used:
 - Activities uses Intents to pass data between screens.
 - Fragments use multiple ways to communicate: Bundles to construct fragments, methods by the containing Activity to call, and the listener pattern for the Fragment to fire events.
 - Services rely on Broadcast Managers to send data to Applications.
One of primary issues of these current approaches is that they can create strong dependencies between each component, making it difficult to change one part of the system without impacting another area. This blog post describes the challenges of creating unmanageable dependencies with the current Android framework. Instead of encouraging more modular designs, the communication patterns can sometimes do the exact opposite.
Publish/subscribe models try to avoid this tight integration by relying on an event bus model. In this type of model, there are publishers and subscribers. Publishers are responsible for posting events in response to some type of state change, while subscribers respond to these events. The event acts as an intermediary for exchanging information, isolating and minimizing the dependencies between each side. In this way, message buses create a communication pipeline that is intended to help make your app more maintainable and scalable.
One additional benefit of using these pub/sub frameworks is that they help facilitate passing Java objects between Activities, Fragments, or Services. You don't need to spend time serializing and deserializing data, which can often creates the tight bindings between these components. It also helps enforce more type-safety across complex Java objects.
There are many different libraries which attempt to enable the event bus model, including EventBus, RxJava, and Otto. Otto has been deprecated in favor of RxJava/RxAndroid approaches. EventBus has a few more advanced features than in Otto described in this comparison chart and recently has become the more supported Java library.
Event buses are especially helpful include notifying activities or fragments when tasks are completed, such as when a AsyncTask or a Background Service finishes. When using an event bus model, there are several considerations:
 - Don't assume you should replace every communication pattern with an event bus model. If you publish an event meant only for one subscriber that shouldn't trigger changes in other subscribers, rely on 1-to-1 communication patterns such as the Intents or listener pattern. For instance, a date picker fragment that could be reused in multiple components of your app should probably expose a listener interface since using a event bus model could cause this event to be published to many components waiting to respond to changes in the date selection. Consider the design patterns described in this article too.
 - If you are using publishing or subscribers within an Activity of Fragment they should be registered and unregistered with their lifecycle. Otherwise, it's likely you will encounter memory leaks or dangling references that can cause your app to crash.
 - Be wary about publishing events between Fragments. Events cannot be published or received when a Fragment is not running. If you have a Fragment publishing a message to another Fragment that isn't currently executing and then swap one for the other, it's likely the event will not be processed correctly. The EventBus library has a way to replay this event, but the Otto framework does not.
Setting up an Event Bus with EventBus
Add this Gradle dependency to your app/build.gradle file:
dependencies {
 implementation 'org.greenrobot:eventbus:3.0.0'
Replacing Local Broadcast Managers with EventBus
One primary use case that the event bus model works well is replacing it lieu of the LocalBroadcastManager when communicating from a service to the application. One advantage is that you can simplify a lot of code that normally is used to serialize or deserialize the data by avoiding the need to pass Intents.
Registering on the Bus
If you wish to subscribe Activities and Fragments to the event bus, it should be done with respect to the lifecycle of these objects. The reason is that when an event is published, EventBus will try to find all the registered subscribers. If there is a subscriber attached to the Activity currently not running, there is likely to be a stale reference that causes your app to crash.
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
 protected void onPause() {
 protected void onResume() {
Creating an Event
Create a new Event from a standard Java class. You can define any set of members variables. For now, we create a class to accept a result code and a String values.
public class IntentServiceResult {
 int mResult;
 String mResultValue;
 IntentServiceResult(int resultCode, String resultValue) {
 mResult = resultCode;
 mResultValue = resultValue;
 public int getResult() {
 return mResult;
 public String getResultValue() {
 return mResultValue;
Creating a publisher
Inside our Intent service, we can should publish the event. We will simply pass an OK result with a message that will be displayed when the event is received on the Activity.
protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
 // do some work
 EventBus.getDefault().post(new IntentServiceResult(Activity.RESULT_OK, "done!!"));
Creating a subscriber
We simply need to annotate a method that has this specific event type with the _USER_ decorator. The method must also take in the parameter of the event for which it is listening. In this case, it's IntentServiceResult.
Because the IntentService is executed on a separate thread, the subscribers will normally also execute on the same thread. If we need to make UI changes on the main thread, we need to be explicit that the actions executed should be done on the main thread. See this section for more information.
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
_USER_(threadMode = ThreadMode.MAIN)
public void doThis(IntentServiceResult intentServiceResult) {
 Toast.makeText(this, intentServiceResult.getResultValue(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
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- Input Xi and Yi of each Full Adder circuit in an arithmetic circuit has the digital logic specified by the following Boolean functions: Xi =Ai Yi = B*iS + BiCin*
Where S is a selection variable, and Cin is the input carry, and Ai and Bi are the input data stage I.
a) Draw the logic diagram of the four-bit arithmetic circuit
b) Determine the four arithmetic operations performed when S and Cin are equal to : 00, 01, 10, 11
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question to the community.


Staying in Luxembourg for less than 90 days as a third-country national and family member of an EU citizen or Luxembourg national
During the transition period as foreseen by the Withdrawal Agreement concluded between the United Kingdom and the European Union, British citizens remain subject to the same rules and procedures as EU citizens.
Third-country nationals who are family members of an EU citizen or Luxembourg national may stay in Luxembourg for less than 3 months provided that they are effectively considered to be a family member, and after having performed certain formalities.
Who is concerned
"EU citizens" are nationals of an EU Member State.
Nationals of the other Contracting Parties of the European Economic Area Agreement (Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein) and the Swiss Confederation are treated as EU citizens.
The following are considered to be family members:
 - the spouse;
 - the registered partner;
 - the direct descendants (sons or daughters) of the EU citizen or of their spouse/partner if the child is under 21 or is under their care;
 - the direct ascendants (father or mother) if they are under the care of the EU citizen or their spouse/partner;
 - any other family member if:
 - in their country of origin, they were under the care or were a member of the household of the EU citizen benefiting from the authorisation to stay; or
 - for any serious health issues, the EU citizen will personally cover the needs of the family member in question;
 - the non-registered partner (cohabitation - common-law union) with whom the EU citizen has a duly demonstrated long-term relationship. These partners cannot be linked to another person through marriage, declared partnership or long-term relationship. The long-term nature of the relationship is assessed according to how strong, long-lasting and stable the links between the partners are, including, in concrete terms:
 - uninterrupted legal cohabitation lasting at least a year before the request;
 - a common child for whom they share parental responsibility.
Any person claiming to be a dependent must provide proof of financial support, i.e. proof of poverty in the country of origin, or proof of regular payments (bank transfers, agency transfers, etc. stating the name of the sender and the beneficiary) made to them by the person they wish to join in Luxembourg. These transfers must have been made regularly over a period of at least 6 months before the family reunification request was submitted. The amounts to be taken into account must have been sufficient to cover the needs of the applicant in the country of origin.
Family members of Luxembourg nationals are treated as family members of EU citizens.
Specific case of a third-country national wishing to come to Luxembourg to get married:
There is no specific provision for entering the country for a marriage. Third-country nationals wishing to marry an EU citizen, including a Luxembourg national, in Luxembourg must follow the normal procedure for a short stay, request a short-stay visa if applicable and meet the conditions of entry and for a short stay.
The citizen of the EU or of a country treated as such (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland) being joined must meet the conditions to legally stay in Luxembourg for less than 3 months or more than 3 months.
The right of residence for an EU citizen and members of their family is conditional on them not becoming unreasonably dependent on the social welfare system. This dependency is currently assessed by considering criteria including the amount and duration of the non-contributory benefits paid, as well as the period of residency.
Preliminary steps
Before entering the country, third-country nationals wishing to stay in Luxembourg must hold a valid passport.
If a third-country national does not require a visa, they may enter Luxembourg.
If they require a visa, they must apply for a visa to enter Luxembourg. The visa must be obtained before entering Luxembourg. The documentation required to obtain a visa varies according to the type of family member.
If third-country nationals hold a valid family member residence permit issued by the Luxembourg authorities or another EU Member State, they do not require a visa to enter Luxembourg.
How to proceed
Entering Luxembourg
For a stay of less than 3 months, third-country nationals considered to be family members are only required to hold a valid passport and, where applicable, to hold an entry visa before arriving in Luxembourg.
If the family member holds a valid authorisation to stay as a family member issued by the Luxembourg authorities or another EU Member State, they do not require a visa to enter Luxembourg.
The family member may also leave Luxembourg to enter another EU Member State without needing to obtain an exit visa or equivalent.
In the event that a third-country national and family member of an EU citizen does not hold a travel document and, where applicable, a visa when they enter Luxembourg, all reasonable means will be accorded to allow them to obtain the documents required in a reasonable time frame.
Carrying out a professional activity
Third-country nationals who are family members of an EU citizen have the right to carry out a paid professional activity without requesting prior authorisation.
However, the employer must declare the vacant position to the National Employment Agency (Agence pour le développement de l'emploi – ADEM) before recruiting the third-country national, and prove that he has done so.
Forms / Online services
Documents to be presented by a third-country national for a visa application to join a Union citizen or a Luxembourg national
To complete your application, the information about you collected from this form needs to be processed by the public administration concerned.
That information is kept by the administration in question for as long as it is required to achieve the purpose of the processing operation(s).
Your data will be shared with other public administrations that are necessary for the processing of your application. For details on which departments will have access to the data on this form, please contact the public administration you are filing your application with.
Under the terms of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, you have the right to access, rectify or, where applicable, remove any information relating to you. You are also entitled to withdraw your consent at any time.
Additionally, unless the processing of your personal data is compulsory, you may, with legitimate reasons, oppose the processing of such data.
If you wish to exercise these rights and/or obtain a record of the information held about you, please contact the administration in question using the contact details provided on the form. You are also entitled to file a claim with the National Commission for Data Protection (Commission nationale pour la protection des données), headquartered at 15, boulevard du Jazz L-4370 Belvaux.
By submitting your application, you agree that your personal data may be processed as part of the application process.
Documents à produire par un ressortissant de pays tiers lors de la demande d'un visa en vue de rejoindre un citoyen de l'Union ou un ressortissant luxembourgeois
Les informations qui vous concernent recueillies sur ce formulaire font l'objet d'un traitement par l'administration concernée afin de mener à bien votre demande.
Ces informations sont conservées pour la durée nécessaire par l'administration à la réalisation de la finalité du traitement
Les destinataires de vos données sont les administrations compétentes dans le cadre du traitement de votre demande. Veuillez-vous adresser à l'administration concernée par votre demande pour connaître les destinataires des données figurant sur ce formulaire. Conformément au règlement (UE) 2016/679 relatif à la protection des personnes physiques à l'égard du traitement des données à caractère personnel et à la libre circulation de ces données, vous bénéficiez d'un droit d'accès, de rectification et le cas échéant d'effacement des informations vous concernant. Vous disposez également du droit de retirer votre consentement à tout moment.
En outre et excepté le cas où le traitement de vos données présente un caractère obligatoire, vous pouvez, pour des motifs légitimes, vous y opposer.
Si vous souhaitez exercer ces droits et/ou obtenir communication de vos informations, veuillez-vous adresser à l'administration concernée suivant les coordonnées indiquées dans le formulaire. Vous avez également la possibilité d'introduire une réclamation auprès de la Commission nationale pour la protection des données ayant son siège à 15, boulevard du Jazz L-4370 Belvaux.
En poursuivant votre démarche, vous acceptez que vos données personnelles soient traitées dans le cadre de votre demande.
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text:
Product distribution (or place) is one of the four elements of the marketing mix. Distribution is the process of making a product or service available for use or consumption by a consumer or business user, using direct means, or using indirect means with intermediaries. The other three parts of the marketing mix are product, pricing, and promotion.
Or contact the seller
in section "Distribution"


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Tales of a City Tours
Tales of a City Tours is the only tour operator of its kind in the UK – a social enterprise which provides a unique perspective on our awesome city of Leeds, through PayAs- YouFeel cultural walking tours led by refugees.
We aim to promote cross-cultural understanding by creating a space for different cultures to connect and learn from each other, focusing particularly on supporting refugees and improving society's understanding of their experiences.
Our vision is of a multicultural society in which people are tolerant and mutually accepting of one another: 'in diversity, there is beauty and strength'.
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text:
usually want to
preserve. If this location is not specified, such files are temporarily
written to the temporary R directory, and subsequently removed.
outcome_column: Specifies the name of the column
that contains the outcome values. In case of survival outcomes two
columns should be specified that indicate time and event status,
respectively. For survival outcomes familiar determines which columns
contain time and event data. The
is not required in case the formula interface is used.
outcome_type: Specifies the type of outcome being
modelled. Should be one of the outcome types mentioned above in the Supported outcomes section. If not
specified, it can potentially be inferred from the data contained in the
column(s) specified by the
class_levels: Specify the class levels of two-class
binomial) and multi-class (
outcomes. For two-class outcomes, the second level specifies the class
regarded as the positive class. The values should match values present
in the outcome column Specifying this argument is not necessary in case
the outcome column is encoded as a factor. If left unspecified, the
unique values in the outcome column are used as values.
competing_risk_indicator: Specifies the values that should
be used as event, censoring, and competing risk indicators for survival
analysis, respectively. Familiar uses default values for censoring
no) and event
otherwise. Note that the
competing_risk outcome type will
be fully implemented in a future release.
series_id_column: Specifies the names of the columns
containing batch, sample, and series identifiers respectively. These are
described in more detail in the Preparing
your data section.
Familiar processes tabular data. In this case, a table consists of rows that represent instances, and columns that represent features and additional information. This is a very common representation for tabular data. Let us look at the colon dataset found in the survival package, which contains data from a clinical trial to assess a new anti-cancer drug in patients with colon cancer:
# Get the colon dataset. <- data.table::as.data.table(survival::colon)[etype==1] data # Drop some irrelevant columns. ":="("node4"=NULL, "etype"=NULL)] data[, ::kable(data[1:5])knitr
Here we see that each row contains a separate instance.
study columns are identifier
columns. Familiar distinguishes four different types of identifiers:
Batch identifiers are used to identify data belonging to a batch,
cohort or specific dataset. This is typically used for specifying
external validation datasets (using the
parameter). It also used to define the batches for batch normalisation.
The name of the column containing batch identifiers (if any) can be
specified using the
batch_id_column parameter. If no column
with batch identifiers is specified, all instances are assumed to belong
to the same batch. In the colon dataset, the
column is a batch identifier column.
Sample identifiers are used to identify data belonging to a
single sample, such as a patient, subject, customer, etc. Sample
identifiers are used to ensure that instances from the same sample are
not inadvertently spread across development and validation data subsets
created for cross-validation or bootstrapping. This prevents information
leakage, as instances from the same sample are often related – knowing
one instance of a sample would make it easy to predict another, thus
increasing the risk of overfitting. The name of the column containing
sample identifiers can be specified using the
sample_id_column parameter. If not specified, it is assumed
that each instance forms a separate sample. In the colon
id column contains sample
Within a sample, it is possible to have multiple series, for
example due to measurements at different locations in the same sample. A
series differs from repeated measurements. While for series the outcome
value may change, this is not allowed for repeated measurements. The
column containing series identifiers may be specified by providing the
column name as the
series_id_column parameter. If not set,
all instances of a sample with a different outcome value will be
assigned a unique identifier.
Within a sample, or series, it is possible to have repeated measurements, where one or more feature values may change but the outcome value does not. Such instances can for example used to assess feature robustness. Repeated measurement identifiers are automatically assigned for instances that have the same batch, sample and series identifiers.
The colon dataset also contains two outcome columns:
status that define (censoring) time
and survival status respectively. Survival status are encoded as
0 for alive, censored patients and
patients that passed away after treatment. Note that these correspond to
default values present in familiar. It is not necessary to pass these
The remaining columns in the colon dataset represent
features. There are two numeric features,
nodes, a categorical feature
rx and several
categorical and ordinal features encoded with integer values. Familiar
will automatically detect and encode features that consist of
type. However, it will not automatically convert the features encoded
with integer values. This is by design – familiar cannot determine
whether a feature with integer values is intended to be a categorical
feature or not. Should categorical features that are encoded with
integers be present in your dataset, you should manually encode such
values in the data prior to passing the data to familiar. For the
colon dataset, this could be done as follows:
# Categorical features $sex <- factor(x=data$sex, levels=c(0, 1), labels=c("female", "male")) data$obstruct <- factor(data$obstruct, levels=c(0, 1), labels=c(FALSE, TRUE)) data$perfor <- factor(data$perfor, levels=c(0, 1), labels=c(FALSE, TRUE)) data$adhere <- factor(data$adhere, levels=c(0, 1), labels=c(FALSE, TRUE)) data$surg <- factor(data$surg, levels=c(0, 1), labels=c("short", "long")) data # Ordinal features $differ <- factor(data$differ, levels=c(1, 2, 3), labels=c("well", "moderate", "poor"), ordered=TRUE) data$extent <- factor(data$extent, levels=c(1, 2, 3, 4), labels=c("submucosa", "muscle", "serosa", "contiguous_structures"), ordered=TRUE) data ::kable(data[1:5])knitr
Manual encoding also has the advantage that ordinal features can be
specified. Familiar cannot determine whether features with
character type values have an associated order and will
encode these as regular categorical variables. Another advantage is that
manual encoding allows for specifying the reference level, i.e. the
level to which other levels of a feature are compared in regression
models. Otherwise, the reference level is taken as the first level after
sorting the levels.
The experimental design defines how data analysis is performed.
Familiar allows for various designs, from very straightforward training
on a single dataset, to complex nested cross-validation with external
validation. Experimental design is defined using the
experimental_design parameter and consists of basic
workflow components and subsampling methods. The basic workflow
fs: positions the feature selection step. This
component should always be present, even if
fs_method="none". Moreover, note that the feature selection
step only determines variable importance. Actual feature selection takes
place after optimisation for model hyperparameters determines the
optimal number of features.
mb: positions the model building step. This
component should always be present.
ev: positions the external validation step. This
should be used in conjunction with the
parameter to specify which batches/cohorts should be used for external
ev is optional.
Each basic workflow component can only appear once in the
experimental design. It is possible to form an experiment using just the
basic workflow components, i.e.
fs+mb+ev. In these experiments, feature selection is
directly followed by modelling, with external validation of the model on
one or more validation cohorts for
fs+mb+ev. These options
correspond to TRIPOD type 1a and 3, respectively. TRIPOD analysis types
1b and 2 require more complicated experimental designs, which are
facilitated by subsampling.
Hyperparameter optimisation does not require explicit specification. Hyperparameter optimisation is conducted when required to determine variable importance and prior to building a model.
Subsampling methods are used to (randomly) sample the data that are not used for external validation, and divide these data into internal development and validation sets. Thus the dataset as a whole is at most divided into three parts: internal development, internal validation and external validation. Familiar implements the following subsampling methods:
bs(x,n): (stratified).632 bootstrap, with
n the number of bootstraps. Bootstrapping randomly samples
the data with replacement, and on average assigns 63.2% of the samples
to the new subsampled subset to form the in-bag dataset with the same
size as the original dataset. Remaining, unselected samples form the
out-of-bag dataset. All pre-processing steps and hyperparameter
optimisation (if any) are performed using the in-bag data.
bt(x,n): (stratified).632 bootstrap, with
n the number of bootstraps. Functions like
but pre-processing parameters and hyperparameters (if any) are inherited
from the enveloping layer. That is, for
twenty bootstraps are created from the development dataset, and feature


text:
:maximum-lengthfrom the header of an array
Major Section: ARRAYS
Example Form: (maximum-length 'delta1 a)where
General Form: (maximum-length name alist)
nameis an arbitrary object and
alistis a 1- or 2-dimensional array. This function returns the contents of the
:maximum-lengthfield of the header of
alist. Whenever an
aset2would cause the length of the alist to exceed its maximum length, a
compress2is done automatically to remove irrelevant pairs from the array.
Maximum-lengthoperates in virtually constant time if
alistis the semantic value of
name. See arrays.


Sequestering Agent
Published: | Updated: November 30, 2020
Definition - What does Sequestering Agent mean?
In chemistry, a sequestering agent is an organic compound capable of linking metal ions or molecules together to form complex ring-like structures known as chelates. A sequestering agent is also known as a chelating agent.
Sequestering agents are used to link undesirable metal ions together to form a stable structure that does not readily decompose. This limits the metal ions' ability to react with other ions, clays or polymers.
Sequestering agents are commonly used for water treatment purposes to reduce water hardness. They combine with calcium, magnesium and other heavy metal ions in hard water to form molecules in which the ions are held so securely (sequestered) that they can no longer react. Chelation is used to treat metal poisoning and for the industrial extraction of metals.
Corrosionpedia explains Sequestering Agent
A sequestering agent surrounds another molecule or atom and holds it "in seclusion." In this process, the sequestering agent hides the molecule or atom and prevents it from entering into chemical reactions.
Chelation enables plants to take up metal ions such as iron that may not be readily available in its raw state.
Chelation agents are commonly used to bind metal ions into a ring structure. They serve as a stabilizing agent and prevent the precipitation of damaging compounds. As acids react and the pH increases, reaction products may be produced in the form of a gelatinous and insoluble mass. Chelating agents prevent precipitation, thus keeping ions in a soluble form until the treatment fluid can be put back into the formation during cleanup.
Sequestering is not the same as precipitation, because sequestering does not form a solid.
The main types of commercial sequestering agents include:
 - Aminocarboxylic acid base products
 - Phosphates and phosphonates
 - Hydroxy carboxylates
 - Polyacrylates
 - Sugar acrylates
Using Sequestering Agents for Cleaning and Water Treatment
Unfortunately, calcium and other hard water ions readily combine with surfactants in detergents, thus reducing their cleaning effectiveness. By inactivating the ions with a sequestering agent, detergents are better able to clean clothes.
Metal sequestering agents can be either liquid or granular, and are used to treat water discoloration, stains and scale.
Polyphosphate is used to sequester soluble iron atoms that remain in settled water before it is chlorinated or that leach off of iron pipes in water distribution systems. By surrounding and sequestering these soluble iron atoms, the typical reddish colors associated with iron oxides and iron hydroxides are prevented. Scale can be controlled through the use of sequestering agents and chelates.
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A person with antiquarian tendencies is someone who has an unhealthy or pathological obsession with the past. They value objects for their age, state of decay, and meaning rather than purely for their aesthetic value. They also seek to preserve history as it was before the creation of the written word.
Most antiquarians specialize in the study of the past and trades in rare books and other antique objects. The term "antique" rarely carries its sense of "antique object" but refers to someone who studies or trades in ancient artifacts, documents, and books. Some antiquarians build extensive personal collections, while others do not.
An antiquarian bookseller has a keen interest in rare books, particularly those with rare texts and illustrated texts. The value of an antiquarian book depends on various factors, such as its quality, binding, and illustrations. In some cases, an antiquarian book has a high monetary value but is not worth much in terms of content. For example, a hardcover reprint of Gone With the Wind can cost less than $1, but it contains the same text as the first edition.
As a scholar, an antiquarian is also an expert in self-preservation, making them useful on the battlefield. While their damage output is among the lowest among all classes, they make up for it with their defensive skills. An antiquarian's abilities vary depending on the skills that are given to them and the composition of their party.
There are many reasons why you may want to know the value of your antiques. For example, you may want to sell a treasured family heirloom but don't know how much it's worth. You may also need an official appraisal for estate or insurance purposes. Fortunately, the internet has a wealth of information.
Whether you are buying a single piece or a whole collection, the value of antiques depends on several factors. The most important factor is the condition of the piece. Antiques that are in their original condition are more valuable than those that have been refurbished or repainted.
Antique books are particularly valuable. The value of a book may depend on its edition, its condition, its illustrations, or its provenance. The text of a rare book may be pristine, but its price is determined by its condition and its provenance. However, this is not a guarantee that a particular book is valuable.
Before selling an antique, you must first have it appraised by an antiquarian. An appraiser will determine the value of an antique based on a variety of factors, including the condition of the item, its restoration, its rarity, and its provenance. The appraiser will then provide you with a legal document stating how much your antique is worth.
As an antiquarian, identifying and determining the value of your antiques is essential for both you and your potential buyer. Antiquarians look for items that are valuable and have a market. Knowing the value of your antiques is crucial in avoiding duping or buying something for less than its true value.
The philosophy of history is a broad discipline that considers the past through the lens of human action and its symbolic expressions. This field of study is suited to the study of history because it invites an active construction of meanings and intentions. Philosophers of history have derived a rich tradition in hermeneutics, the study of language and meaning. The tradition of hermeneutics is particularly useful for understanding history because it emphasizes that historical knowledge involves the interpretation of meaningful human actions.
In Philosophers of History, W. H. Walsh distinguishes between critical and speculative philosophy and hopes to offer a framework for the fundamental questions of historical study. For example, he proposes that historians are presented with a vast array of historical events and must determine how they relate to one another and to larger historical processes.
A historical explanation must consider the social, institutional, and situational environment in which the events took place. The social environment, for example, includes an ensemble of institutions such as property relations, political institutions, family structures, and religious values. Historical explanations should be as sophisticated as possible in the treatment of these institutions.


Teneo/Hibernate/Dynamic EMF Tutorial
From Eclipsepedia
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EMF allows you to dynamically change the in-memory ecore model by adding EPackages, EClasses and EStructuralFeatures. Teneo supports persisting dynamically created models. It is for example possible to read an ecore model from an ecore file (without generating code) and create the relational database schema. There are however some (practical) limitations, see the last section on this page.
The source code of this tutorial is available in the example project which you can download here.
This tutorial assumes some basic knowledge of EMF. If you are new to EMF then it can make sense to first try one of the core EMF tutorials which you can find here.
Before starting this tutorial
Before starting this tutorial there are a number of things which you need to take into account:
 - It uses the QuickStart tutorial class described in the quick start tutorial to create a database for the Library example and some content.
 - The initial setup of the quick start tutorial also applies here.
 - When using a non-in-memory database: the tutorial assumes that there is an empty database with the name DynamicLibrary. When you rerun this tutorial you should make sure that this database is empty again (otherwise one of the smaller tests in the tutorial will fail).
 - In this tutorial the Library example is extended with two new types: SchoolBook (which inherits from Book) and Course which refers to a SchoolBook.
Running the tutorial
After downloading the examples project from cvs you can directly run the quick start program. Open the project and navigate to the Dynamic.java file and right click and select 'Run As > Java Application'. You will see several things getting printed to the console (one of them is the generated Hibernate mapping).
This run takes the following steps:
 - reads the EPackage model from the generated EPackage file.
 - generate a hibernate mapping for the EPackage
 - create the database (on hsqldb)
 - create EMF objects and persist them
 - change the model
 - re-initialize the datastore and update the relational database schema
 - create and persist EMF objects adhering to the changed model
 - query for these objects
 - retrieve the EMF objects using an Hibernate EMF resource
Now let's walk through the code.
Quick start steps
The tutorial first calls the same code as described in the quick start tutorial, so it can make sense to first walk-through the quick start example. Further here only the additional steps are described.
Adapt the model
The following code extends the model with new types. It creates the SchoolBook EClass and sets the Book from the LibraryPackage as the supertype:
final EcoreFactory efactory = EcoreFactory.eINSTANCE;
final EcorePackage epackage = EcorePackage.eINSTANCE;
// create the SchoolBook EClass
EClass schoolBookEClass = efactory.createEClass();
// create a new attribute for this EClass
EAttribute level = efactory.createEAttribute();
// Set the supertype of SchoolBook to the Book
Create a new EClass with a reference to the new SchoolBook EClass:
// create a course
EClass courseEClass = efactory.createEClass();
// give the Course a name
EAttribute courseName = efactory.createEAttribute();
// A course always uses one SchoolBook
EReference courseBook = efactory.createEReference();
Create an EPackage and add the SchoolBook and Course EClass:
// Create a new EPackage and add the new EClasses
EPackage schoolPackage = efactory.createEPackage();
EPackage.Registry.INSTANCE.put(schoolPackage.getNsURI(), schoolPackage);
Reconfigure Hibernate and the Relational Database Schema
The EPackage has been created now Hibernate should be reconfigured and the database schema should be updated.
// Now reset the epackages in the datastore, only required if you add an EPackage
hbds.setEPackages(new EPackage[]{LibraryPackage.eINSTANCE, schoolPackage});
// reinitialize hibernate and update the database schema
// print the new hibernate.hbm.xml
At this point the database schema should have been updated.
Create and persist Dynamic EObject
The dynamic EMF objects can now be created. Because SchoolBook inherits from Book a real Book object is created:
// Now create an author, is used below
Writer writer = LibraryFactory.eINSTANCE.createWriter();
// now create a schoolBook
// NOTE: because schoolBook inherits from Book, the create method will return a Book
Book bk = (Book)schoolPackage.getEFactoryInstance().create(schoolBookEClass);
bk.setTitle("Biografie van Multatuli");
bk.eSet(level, new Integer(1));
// and create a course
EObject course = schoolPackage.getEFactoryInstance().create(courseEClass);
course.eSet(courseName, "Dutch Literature Level 1");
course.eSet(courseBook, bk);
// now persist them all
Session session = hbds.getSession();
Transaction tx = session.getTransaction();
Query for dynamic EMF objects
The SchoolBook can be retrieved using a polymorphic query, for a Course the dynamic EAttribute can be used in the where clause.
// Now query for the books, one of them should be a SchoolBook
Query qry = session.createQuery("from Book");
List list = qry.list();
Book schoolBook = null;
for (Iterator it = list.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
 Book book = (Book)it.next();
 if (book.eClass() == schoolBookEClass) {
 if (schoolBook!= null) {
 throw new Error("More than one schoolbook? Was the database not empty?");
 schoolBook = book;
if (schoolBook == null) {
 throw new Error("No schoolbook??");
// now query for all courses with the right name
qry = session.createQuery("from Course where courseName='Dutch Literature Level 1'");
list = qry.list();
EObject eobject = (EObject)list.get(0);
if (eobject.eClass()!= courseEClass) {
 throw new Error("No Course?");
// the schoolBook should be the book of the course
Book courseBk = (Book)eobject.eGet(courseBook);
if (courseBk!= schoolBook) {
 throw new Error("No schoolbook?");
// and the dynamic feature level should be 1
if (((Integer)courseBk.eGet(level)).intValue()!= 1) {
 throw new Error("Incorrect level?");
 - It is not possible to create a containment relation between a dynamic model and a static model part. With static we mean the model for which java code has been generated.
 - When the model is dynamically changed it is required to update the database schema. To change the database schema database servers can lock the whole database. This is probably not practical in a live production environment.


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This question is inspired by this one. In that thread, it's established that there are uncountably many cube-free infinite binary strings (where $x \in 2^{\omega}$ is cube-free iff $\forall \sigma \subset x,\ \sigma \sigma \sigma \not \subset x$). Here $\subset$ denotes "substring" which should be distinguished from "initial segment" which I'll denote by $\sqsubset$ if the need arises.
So let $C \subset 2^{\omega}$ be the subset of Cantor space consisting of all cube-free sequences. It's uncountable, and easily seen to be closed, hence it contains a perfect set.
Question 1. Is $C$ perfect?
Let's define:
$T_C = \{ \sigma \in 2^{<\omega} : (\exists x \in C)(\sigma \sqsubset x)\}$
$\ \ \ \ \ = \{ \sigma \in 2^{<\omega} : (\forall n > |\sigma|)( \exists \tau \in 2^n )(\sigma \sqsubset \tau,\ \tau$ cube-free$)\}$
$T_P = \{\sigma \in 2^{<\omega} : (\forall \tau \sqsupset \sigma, \tau \in T_C)(\exists \rho_1, \rho_2 \sqsupset \tau$ both in $T_C)(\rho_1 \perp \rho_2)\}$
Question 2. $T_C$ is evidently $\Pi ^0 _1$, but is it in fact recursive?
If we let $P$ denote the maximal perfect subset of $C$ obtained by iteratively removing isolated points of $C$ until this procedure stabilizes (taking intersections at limit stages), then $P$ determines a tree which I believe would be the tree $T_P$ defined above.
Question 3. What is the complexity of the tree determined by $P$?
If $T_P$ is indeed the tree determined by $P$, then the tree determined by $P$ is at worst $\Pi ^0 _3$, but can we do better?
UPDATE: The answers are:
 1. Yes
 2. Yes
 3. Since $C$ is perfect, $P = C$ and so by the answers to 1 and 2, the tree determined by $P$ is just the tree determined by $C$, which is recursive.
I've learnt this after discussing it with Robert Shelton, one of the authors of the paper Gjergji linked to in his response below. In fact, what I've gathered is that there's a function $f$, better than being on the order of $n^2$, such that to determine whether an arbitrary finite string $\sigma$ has a cube-free infinite extension, it suffices to check whether it has one of length $f(|\sigma|)$ (where $|\sigma|$ is the length of $\sigma$). I suppose this would mean furthermore that the tree $T_C$ is not merely recursive, i.e. $\Delta_1$, but in fact $\Delta_0$.
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This will also be a question in dynamics. One can also ask what is the entropy of C? – Nishant Chandgotia Apr 15 '11 at 7:09
I added the symbolic dynamics tag. – Gjergji Zaimi Apr 15 '11 at 7:26
1 Answer 1
up vote 12 down vote accepted
I found an article of J.D. Currie and R.O. Shelton that answers the first question. "The set of k-power free words over Σ is empty or perfect".
Added: Note that Currie has a number of papers on power free words, and many of them are on the arxiv.
share|improve this answer
Thanks. The article actually seems to answer all the questions I asked (possibly). Since $C$ is perfect, $T_C = T_P$ so questions 2 and 3 are equivalent. And Theorem 3.3 claims that we can effectively determine whether a finite binary string has an infinite cube-free extension. It's not clear whether this effective procedure is uniform however, and the proof of this theorem along with the definitions of some key terms appear to be in some other papers, so rather than chasing papers I emailed the authors and asked. I'll post an update if I get a response. – Amit Kumar Gupta Apr 15 '11 at 15:12
After a fruitful back-and-forth with Robert Shelton, I've understood that yes, the tree $T_C$ is recursive. – Amit Kumar Gupta Apr 19 '11 at 14:53
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text:
Cleft lip is a fissure causing a gap in the top lip and findings of a new study in American Journal of Epidemiology reveal drinking coffee during pregnancy slightly ups the risk of cleft lip or harelip. Experts compared data on 573 women who had babies with cleft lip and 763 women whose kids did not. Women drinking a daily cup of coffee during the first 3 months of pregnancy were 1.39 times more likely to have a baby with harelip and the likelihood increased to 1.59 for women who drank 3 or more cups of coffee a day; Reuters reports.
Sometimes I have a cup of coffee. Luckily I can't get pregnant. Coffee, i.e. caffeine, isn't healthy. Drinking coffee has been shown to double arthritis risk, raise blood pressure and disturb heart function. Caffeine is a toxin, which can cause headaches, anxiety and detox symptoms similar to coming off drugs.
Recently, a study showed women drinking more than 3 cups of coffee a day had 17% smaller breasts. Oh, and instant coffee can make you hallucinate. Far out man.
Image credit: annia316


text:
Social Policy and Sustainability
While welfare states and associated social policies have been successful in addressing social risks associated with the provision of capitalist growth and increasing their citizens' wellbeing, they have also contributed to climate emergency and the ecological crisis. We carry out social-policy research of traditional themes such as labour markets, inequality or poverty, but also and particularly in the new circumstances of climate emergency.
Considering different scales from the local to the EU level, we (co-)develop relevant theoretical concepts such as 'sustainable welfare' and 'degrowth/postgrowth', conduct corresponding empirical research - for example into attitudes towards sustainable welfare and alternative forms of political mobilization. We also identify 'eco-social' policies capable of reembedding economy and society in planetary boundaries.