- Final Mile
When distance is a privilege: Physical distancing in low income settlements
Updated: Jun 3, 2020
Tight small spaces with tin roofs, multiple family members including senior citizens housed in a cramped 200 sq ft space, narrow lanes, communal spaces and a raging virus. At a time, when physical distancing is being seen as the only possible counter to the Corona Virus pandemic, across the world, people in low income settlements are struggling to bring in distance in their interactions. Along with abject material poverty, migrant and wage labor status and a weak social safety net, the physical constraints in urban slums are making the residents one of the most vulnerable groups.
Image courtesy Financial Express
Why physical distancing is difficult in slums
1. Tight spaces: In a slum or a ghetto, the sizes of houses do not allow for adequate physical distancing both within and outside the house. Large families live in confined spaces which will completely negates the possibility of quarantine or isolation if any symptoms show up.
2. Blurred public and private spaces: There is no clear demarcation of public and private spaces in a slum. It means that the boundaries of home are usually extended to outside the house and commonly accessed areas. This means that the lower sense of risk associated with the home environment extends to outside the house. This could impact critical behaviors like mask usage and hand washing.
3. Large involvement in essential service provision: A lot of lower income families are involved in the provision of essential services including sale of essentials, jobs in sanitation and health care departments and being engaged in essential construction related work. Such jobs require consistent interface with a large number of people and puts the neighborhood at an additional risk.
4. Lack of sanitation facilities: One of the critical problems associated with physical distancing is the lack of proper sanitation facilities in slums. Use of community toilets makes people regularly move out of their houses and physical distancing and adequate hygiene are both inadequate in such community toilets
5. Lack of drinking water facilities: Slums have a constant problem with access to water and have to usually either purchase it or have to collect it from common points. Apart from hampering lockdown efforts it also impedes regular hand-washing practices with water being strictly rationed.
What needs to be attempted:
1. Communication demarcating inside and outside: It is necessary to take the context of the space to mind and communicate about what constitutes inside and outside for residents. Considering the space crunch, only the physical house cannot be considered as the inside and the definition has to be extended to shared lanes or even a cluster that are accessed by people. Risk communication should be adjusted to these demarcations.
2. Think of cohorts, not households: Communication while being extremely localized, should be targeted towards cohorts and not households. Due to the communal nature of living, risk communication targeted towards cohorts would be beneficial in ensuring adequate checks from the community. It would also be helpful in acknowledging the fact that social engagements intended for the family actually extend to slightly larger groups. Communicating to cohorts would cover more actors who would otherwise be considered almost as family and by inference, outside the ambit of physical distancing.
3. Bring services closer to home: Physical distancing measures can be strictly enforced if the necessary travel for services can be minimized and services can be brought closer to home. This includes provision of more mobile toilets, delivery of water and groceries at the door-step etc.
4. Saturate the environment with cues: If bringing services closer is not possible to due to resource and logistical barriers, the common access points like community toilets, water collection and water purchase points etc. need to be re-designed with strong cues to enforce physical distancing. This includes putting nudges like physical distancing circles, mask usage communication, sanitizer dispensing points at the entrance and exit points.
5. Use trusted messengers: Physical distancing in a community with tight spaces and regular interaction will not be easy to come by. Especially when social interactions are key to economic ties. In such situations, using community leaders as a form of authority would be better to ensure buy-in of the messages. This could include corporators, religious leaders, teachers and other local elders.
6. Prepare people to deal with quarantine isolation and familiarizing facilities: The possibility of self-isolating or quarantining in the small settlements and crowded neighbourhoods for a at-risk individual is next to impossible. Therefore, most governments would move both all at-risk individuals including the family of an infected person to a quarantine facility away from the slum.
This is a huge flux and a scary transition for people as it takes away all aspects of familiarity. This could also lead to dissonance due to the asymptomatic natures of the disease and a dampened risk perception. The fear could also lead to under-reporting of symptoms.
The administration could look into anticipating this fear and talk of the possibility of quarantining outside the neighbourhood. The population should be socialised early and in small doses with the quarantine facilities, so that it does not completely seem unfamiliar in the eventuality of quarantining.
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NPR science correspondent Shankar Vedantam will expand on his Morning Edition appearances with a new podcast, Hidden Brain. The weekly 20-minute podcast will launch September 22.
According to a press release, the podcasting will link "psychology and neurobiology with art, music and literature" and will "reveal patterns that drive human behavior, biases that shape our choices, and imperceptible forces that influence our relationships."
Here's more about the new show from the press release:
Each episode will find creative ways to make social science research accessible. Recurring segments include "Mad Scientist," where guests try to predict what an experiment found, and "Stopwatch Science" – a rapid-fire exchange of ideas. Topics from early episodes include "Switchtracking," which is what happens when two people think they are talking about the same thing but are really on their own tracks, why the bond between students and teachers makes a big difference in education, and how a female poker champion learned to use the stereotypes her rivals had about her to her own advantage.
Listen to a short teaser:
Vedantam has also written a book titled Hidden Brain.
Related stories from Current:

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The Tonto Natural Bridge State Park is where water and rock have combined to make the world's largest natural travertine bridge. The travertine bridge has an arch that spans 150 feet and reaches 180 feet above Pine Creek. The tunnel under the bridge is 400 feet long carved through limestone. On top of the bridge is 5 acres of tillable soil. This area on top of the bridge has caused many visitors to say, "Just where is the bridge?" When actually, the bridge is right beneath them! The formation of the natural bridge took thousands of years to create and went through four main stages of development. The first stage was made by a lava flow, which left behind a purple quartz sandstone on the west side of Pine Creek. The next stage was when the entire area was immersed in seawater. This left behind sand and mud. Then came volcano eruptions that covered the layers creating a basalt cap. After time, this basalt cap broke down making Pine Creek Canyon. The fourth stage was when water began seeping up underground resulting in limestone aquifers. The aquifers dissolved the limestone and formed a travertine dam. After time, the water in the creek eroded the travertine and formed the bridge. The first time that the natural bridge was spotted was around 1872 by General Crook's army. It is said that the group saw the bridge while watering their horses in Pine Creek Canyon. But the bridge wasn't truly discovered until David Gowan; a miner who was passing through the area came upon it in 1877. While traveling in the small valley between the town of Pine and Payson, he was spotted by a band of Apache Indians. During Gowan's escape, he found the bridge and the caves sprinkled along the canyon's sides. Gowan spend several days hiding out in a cave before he ventured out. Once he did, he fell in love with the bridge and the rich valley above it. After claiming squatter's rights, Gowan eventually convinced his nephew, David Gowan Goodfellow to come out from Scotland and join him in building a home. Andy Ogilvie also met up with Goodfellow in building a lodge in 1927. Goodfellow build six guest cabins for tourists and planted an orchard that can still be seen today. The road down to the lodge and bridge was quite a task to complete. In 1927, the road was finally finished taking six years to construct. There are even stories that Al Capone and Zane Grey once stayed at the lodge to see the world's largest travertine natural bridge. In 1991 the bridge, lodge and land were purchased by the Arizona State Parks. Today the lodge has many of the furnishings that were brought down to valley by rope or mule many years ago. The lodge includes many displays describing the stages that the natural bridge went through. Visitors will learn a lot about the history of the area and the people that made this place their home. There are three hikes available, depending on your energy and time. The Waterfall Trail is the shortest hike. It is 300 feet long and ends at a waterfall cave. There are uneven steps along this path. The Pine Creek Trail is about a half a mile long. About 400 feet of this path is developed and the rest is undeveloped and follows the creek to the bridge. Hikers will need to watch for the arrows marking the trail and allow one hour to complete. The Gowan Loop Trail is also about a half a mile long. This path consists mostly of boardwalks and steps, which lead out to an observation deck at the bottom of the creek. It is recommended that hikers wear proper shoes and be ready for a steep rough hike, when taking either the Pine Creek Trail or the Gowan Loop Trail. If hiking isn't your thing, don't worry. You can still experience the bridge by walking out to four viewpoints at the top of the natural bridge. These viewpoints give wonderful vantage sights at this one of a kind creation. Visitors will find a variety of programs and activities provided by the park. There are guided viewpoint walks, lodge tours, geology talks, guided Pine Creek hikes, bird watching walks and a junior ranger program. You will need to call ahead or stop in and ask what is currently available. There are picnic tables, grills, trails, restrooms, a group use area and a gift shop. This park has so much to offer that everyone will find something that will be of interest. The state park is open everyday from 8:00 to 7:00 from Memorial Day to Labor Day, 9:00 to 5:00 from November to March and 8:00 to 6:00 during April, September and October. The park is closed on Christmas. Admission charge is $5.00 for private vehicle (holding four individuals), $1.00 for pedestrians and children under 12 are free when accompanied by an adult. If you would like more information on the activities at the park, you may call _PHONE_. In order to keep the park safe and clean, there are some park rules that visitors need to follow. There is no swimming or wading under the bridge, no littering, pets must be on leash and please don't destroy or take any of nature's work, such as rocks and plants. You can get the Tonto Natural Bridge State Park from Payson by taking State Highway 87 north out of town. It is approximately 13 miles north of Payson, on the left side of highway. The road down to the parking area is about 3 miles. If you are coming from Tucson take Interstate 17 north out of town toward Phoenix. Once you are in Phoenix take U.S. Highway 60 east, until it connects with State Highway 87. Take State Highway 87 (Beeline Highway) out of the East Valley and head north up to Payson. If you are coming from Flagstaff take Interstate 17 south out of town to Camp Verde. Once you are in Camp Verde take State Highway 260 east through Camp Verde. When State Highway 260 meets State Highway 87, travel south on 87 down through Pine/Strawberry. The park is just before you reach Payson, on the right hand side of the road. This is a state park you won't want to miss, especially on a hot summer day. The cool water that sprays off the top of the travertine bridge 150 feet above and drifts down to the creek is a sight to see. Although, the hikes can be rugged, they do pay off in the end.
Bagdad is in Western Arizona. It is in Yavapai County. The town is on Bridle Creek in the rugged and picturesque Aquarius Mountains, approximately 100 miles northwest of Phoenix and 60 miles east of Prescott. You can get to Bagdad from Phoenix by taking U.S. Highway 60 northwest out of town toward Wickenburg. Once you are in Wickenburg, take U.S. Highway 93 for 45 miles to State Highway 97. Then take State Highway 97 east for four miles to the Bagdad turnoff. Overview: Mining is still the backbone of Bagdad. Visitors will find small town charm. The town sits at an elevation of 4,101 feet. The warm desert climate has a winter low Temperature of 40 degrees and summer high Temperature of 100 degrees. If you are in search of a relaxed place to live or visit, then Bagdad is for you. History: In 1882, the town was named for a copper ore-mining claim. W.J. Pace and J.M. Murphy discovered the mine. The post office was established in 1910 and Henry Geisendorf was the first postmaster. Today, Bagdad has two main economic sources, which include mining and education. The Cyprus Bagdad Copper Mine still operates today. Community Features: Bagdad has one outdoor activity located in a scenic area close to town. The Burro Creek Recreational Area is just north of town on U.S. Highway 97. Burro Creek flows through a spectacular canyon. The area was supposedly named after a large population of burros discovered by Army officers in 1869. Burro Creek is ideal for hiking, backpacking and camping. Visitors will also enjoy rock hounding for agates and bird watching.
Chloride is in Western Arizona. It is in Mohave County. The town is located in the foothills of the Cerbat Mountains. You can get to Chloride from Kingman by taking U.S. Highway 93 north out of town, until you come to the Chloride turn off. After the turnoff, you will travel approximately 20 miles before you reach town. Overview: Chloride is one of the oldest continuously inhabited mining communities in Arizona. Today Chloride's population is 400. The town sits at an elevation of 4,000 feet. The warm desert climate has a winter low Temperature of 40 degrees and summer high Temperature of 105 degrees. People sometimees refer to Chloride as the "Gem of Cerbats." The town offers clean air, friendly neighbors and old west charm. Community Features: One attraction you absolutely can't miss is a performance from the "Immortal Gunfighters of Chloride." This band of gunfighters gathers at high noon on the first and third Saturdays of each month for a display you won't soon forget. The gunfight takes place in Cyanide Springs, an old west town built by locals. Even the lumber used for constructing this 1860's town is authentic. Builders used lumber found at nearby century old buildings. Following the gun battle, a vaudeville show begins in

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ASBAssociated Student Body (ASB)
The purpose of the Associated Student Body (or ASB as it is known on campus) is to promote the welfare of the school, to encourage loyalty and school spirit, and develop leadership. Every student is a member of the association. Your ASB cabinet includes a President, Vice President, Secretary, and Treasurer, 6th, 7th, and 8th grade representatives.
Pershing's ASB plans all aspects of various school activities. They also learn basic parliamentary procedure and group dynamics. The qualities of leadership and school service are studied and strongly developed. ASB meets after school. Mrs. Robe is the advisor for this activity.


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50 Simple Tools Used to Rebuild Haiti
Parts of this article were adapted from an article at Popular Mechanics
Rebuilding is an inevitable part of putting our lives back together after a disaster. When an emergency occurs, we need tools to build, repair and maintain our homes¬†to make them livable once more. Those who survived the¬†Haitian earthquake¬†know this all too well. We are all¬†familiar with the devastation that occurred with the Haitian earthquake, the lives lost and the reconstruction still taking place.
According to an article in Popular Mechanics, relief workers who responded to the disaster were asked to bring their own tools in order to rebuild parts of Haiti and they did so using 50 tools.¬†It is ironic that these tools played such a large role in the reconstruction of¬†this broken island. The tools used for reconstruction¬†not only created shelters for families, and areas for sanitation, but they gave the Haitians hope that one day their island would be restored.
In the backbreaking early stages of rubble removal, simple hand tools played a vital role in transporting and removing debris. Acquiring basic hand tools‚ÄĒshovels, axes and hammers‚ÄĒmeet immediate demolition needs and then take on a long-term role once construction resumes. The tools used in the first phase of reconstruction were:
1. Round point and square nose shovels, preferably heavy-duty variety with extra long blade socket.
2. Pick axe
3. Pulaski axe
4. Rig builder's hatchet
6. Bow saw
7. 24-oz. framing hammer
8. Sledge hammer
9. Digging bars, preferably both pointed and chisel tip varieties; crow bars.
10. Leather or synthetic work gloves
11. Protective eye wear
12. Hard hats
13. Dust masks
14. Contractor-grade wheel barrows
15. Bolt cutters
16. Large-diameter heavy-duty weatherproof rope; small-diameter light-duty line
17. Rope hoist/pulley, minimum 250-lb. capacity
18. Folding knife
Shelter construction was the next step in rebuilding Haiti. Simple sheds made of little more than lumber and nails can provide families secure shelter, a measure of sanitation and the stability to endure harsh weather. In the absence of fuel or electricity, fairly sophistication construction can begin with such basic hand tools as saws, braces and squares. The tools and materials used in the second phase of reconstruction were:
1. 8-point crosscut saw
2. Carpenter's pencil
3. Carpenter's square
4. Framing hammers and carpenter's hammers‚ÄĒsmaller sizes for various family members, in addition to the 24-ounce tool above.
5. 25-foot Metric/English tape rule
6. Bit Brace and a set of solid-center auger bits, ¬ľ inch through 1 inch
7. Utility knife, spare blades
8. High-tension hacksaw and selection of spare blades
1. 1/2 inch exterior-grade plywood, which has the structural stability to help frame out a building's wall.
2. 2 x 4 x 8 lumber by the pallet
3. 8-d common nails
4. 12-d and 16-d common nails
5. blue tarps in various sizes (5 x 7, 10 x 10, 12 x 20)
6. 6-mil plastic sheet, roll
7. 5-gallon plastic buckets
8. Self-stick roll roofing
Once the grid comes back up and¬†power and fuel become more widely available, electric or fuel powered tools will take the place of the simple, traditional tools. The power tools¬†tools will resupply Haiti's population of tradesmen or can equip volunteers aiding in relief efforts. These power tools are:
1. Rotary hammer and bits
2. Hammer drill and bits
3. Reciprocating saw and bi-metal blades
4. Chainsaw (with necessary tools and spare parts: gas cans, funnel, spare spark plug, bar and chain oil, gasoline, chain with carbide-tipped teeth, chainsaw chaps, chainsaw gloves).
5. Gas-engine driven welder/generator and selection of stick electrodes and accessories (welding mask, gloves, welding hammer, C clamps).
6. Right angle grinders and spare grinding wheels.
7. Portable concrete mixer, bags of ready-to-mix concrete.
8. Basic set of concrete and brick/block mason's tools, rock-working tools: float, trowel, brick/block trowels, plumb bob, brick set, mason's level, jointer, stone tracer, stone chisel.
9. Simple optical level, such as a builder's level or transit.
10. Basic electrician's tool kit (Haiti uses 110-volt power, the same as North America): side-cutting pliers, diagonal pliers, needle-nose pliers, electrician's multi-tool wire stripper/screw cutter, solenoid voltage tester, fork meter and spare AA batteries.
11. Metric/SAE tap and die set
12. Kerosene and kerosene lanterns, waterproof matches
13. Charcoal and charcoal grills
14. Chlorine bleach for water disinfection, Lifestraws or similar filtration tools, and refillable water bottles
15. Anti-bacterial soap, shop towels, and toilet paper.
Quite simply,¬†having these¬†tools and¬†equipment on hand¬†will help you operate in a non-technological environment. Investing in¬†quality tools could assist in rebuilding your home and lives more quickly and efficiently.¬†
A special thanks to all the relief workers who participated in rebuilding this island¬†and¬†giving¬†hope back to the Haitians. Your volunteerism¬†is a true act of kindness and a great example of the human spirit.
This information has been made available by Ready Nutrition
Author: Tess Pennington
Author's Web Site:
Made Available By: Ready Nutrition
Date: September 29th, 2011
Related Categories: Preparedness, Reserve Supplies, World News


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Types of Microtia
Microtia patients may range from having only a small ear to having no ear at all. The ear canal and the ear drum (tympanic membrane) may be partially formed or completely absent. The severity of the microtia is measured on a scale of Grade I to Grade IV.
- Grade I - Small abnormalities when compared with the opposite ear which require only minor ear reconstruction
- Grade II - Typically, the upper half of the ear is severely affected and the lower half appears quite normal
- Grade III - The ear is small and peanut-shaped, often with a partial earlobe, and there is no external ear canal or ear drum. Often referred to as "microtia with aural atresia," this is the most common form of microtia.
- Grade IV - The most severe form of microtia where there is no ear at all, also known as "anotia."


annual' rate. For junior players who may play, say, one of the football codes in winter and cricket in summer, it would be important to note that a rate was a 'seasonal' incidence rate (not including injuries from the other sport) rather than an 'annual' incidence rate (which would include injuries sustained while playing other sports).
 2. For a tournament that lasted for, say, 2 months, injury rates could theoretically be multiplied by six to give an 'annual' injury incidence based on the hypothetical situation of a similar tournament being indefinitely played six times per year. However, in reporting tournament injury incidence (eg, for a World Cup, or in a domestic T20 competition), it may be preferable to use match injury incidence rates rather than annual incidence rates.
Definition of cohorts
The cohort to be followed for a given team should be referred to as the 'squad'. A match-day team generally consists of 11 players (11 active players and the 12th man), whereas a squad for a team contains a varied number of players. The squad to be followed can consist of any number of players, which should be recorded for all times of surveillance (ie, for the entire year if annual surveillance is being undertaken).
A squad should be chosen at the start of the surveillance period, determined in advance. Therefore, injury rates will consider those players who become injured as well as those who avoid injury, and it is possible that a squad will contain injured players at the start of the surveillance period. A squad might consist of a team's designated list of contracted or registered players, or a group of players selected for a particular tournament. However, players may need to be added if they are chosen to play for the team from outside the initial squad. Similarly, players who are de-registered, or are dropped from a contracted professional or international squad, should be removed.
The definition of a squad member for a team may be varied, but an example is as follows:
 1. Any player under contract to the team in question (or a 'registered' player at amateur level).
 2. Any other player who plays in the team first XI (not including 12th man or a fielding substitute) or tours overseas with the team, from the time of his/her first game (or the first tour match) until the end of the cricket year or season (when a new round of contracts is awarded).
For tournament injury surveillance, if the cohort is determined to be the selected squad for the tournament, it should be noted that there would be a strong bias towards injured players not being selected (although occasionally they are, in the hope that they may become fit early on during the tournament). Injury prevalence for tournaments with cohorts chosen in this fashion are likely to be lower than injury prevalence for contracted players on an annual basis, as the tournament cohort is biased against players suffering from pre-existing injuries (who make up a high proportion of the injured cohort when considering injury prevalence).
For additional information pertaining to injury surveillance systems, refer to online supplementary appendix II.
This consensus statement has evolved from the original recommendations of 2005. The evolution of this consensus statement is from being prescriptive ('all studies should use the following methods') to descriptive ('all studies should conduct the most complete injury surveillance possible and clearly describe the methodology'), emulating statements such as PRISMA24 and STROBE.25
A greater motivation for an updated consensus statement is to lead to consistency within the sport of cricket as well as between sports, using definitions that may be compared to those used in other sports. There has also been a greater appreciation that it is impossible and unwise to try to formulate a fixed set of definitions to suit all types of studies within a single sport. Given the concession that definitions will therefore need to vary, the focus of this consensus statement has moved to clarity in choosing and reporting methods used.
The difficulty in providing a single injury definition that will suit all purposes with respect to a sport or injury surveillance system within a sport has been discussed.12,13 To illustrate this argument in a cricket context, consider how shoulder injuries might best be defined in the following circumstances:
 1. To determine whether certain countries/teams or years had higher rates of shoulder injuries than others, a 'time-loss' injury definition may be preferable, as it is the most easily captured, objective and reliable indicator of a significant injury;
 2. To determine shoulder injury rates during a cricket tournament, a 'medical presentation' injury definition may be preferable, as all teams will have medical and/or physiotherapy staff who could hopefully keep consistent data over a limited time period during a tournament;
 3. To determine shoulder injury rates in amateur cricketers, a 'player-report' definition based on physical symptoms may be preferable, as amateurs may or may not have presented to any medical staff with their symptoms but should be able to recall symptoms that have occurred within a reasonable time period, for example, the past year;
 4. To study the development of pathology in the shoulder and its relationship to symptom development in cricketers, a study using an 'abnormal imaging' injury definition, based on ultrasound scan or MRI findings performed on cricketers without shoulder symptoms, could be employed.
Although time-loss definitions are preferable to medical attention injuries in many circumstances, there is one emerging injury category of importance where a medical attention definition is preferable: concussion and head impact injuries. Given the long-term concerns relating to concussion, it is recommended that injury surveillance systems keep a record of all head/neck/helmet impacts irrespective of whether or not they meet the threshold for a concussion diagnosis. That is, any impact to the head or neck region which would prompt the medical staff to ask the player whether they had suffered any symptoms (ie, generate medical attention based on the observed event rather than any symptoms), even if the player claims to have not suffered any injury or symptoms.
Injuries per number of player hours is, in theory, most accurate, but its relevance has been lessened by the rise of T20 cricket.4 A day in which a T20 game is scheduled generating the same number of injuries as a day in which a 50-over match is scheduled would appear to have an injury incidence that was 2.5 times higher, because there were fewer overs bowled. Therefore, a unit of injuries (numerator) over player days (denominator, considering 11 players in action per day) could be used, which is simpler and more representative of actual risk (in a given time period).4 This is analogous to comparing injury rates of various Track athletic events in a per event rate (100 m=one event; Marathon=one event) rather than a rate per hour of competition participation, which would make sprint events appear to be far riskier than distance events.
There are other circumstances specific to cricket where standard definitions are problematic. Within the realm of T20 cricket, some countries have moved to a 'franchise' model of T20 teams which are contractually and operationally distinct from the traditional domestic teams, whereas other countries still combine contracts to play T20 and longer forms of cricket for a single team. It would be inappropriate to state that T20 team cohorts should be either distinct from or combined with longer form surveillance cohorts, as the situation in different countries should lead to a different approach.
A somewhat unique cricket problem when assessing availability to play is the requirement of all players to be able to bat, but only some players need to bowl. The player who is fit to bat but not fit to bowl may be available for selection if their batting ability warrants, but not if selection would rely on also being fit to bowl. For some players who are 'part-time' bowlers but are unfit to bowl, it can be difficult and somewhat subjective to determine if they are missing a game whether this is truly due to injury or selector preference. This is particularly the case where a player continues to play as a batsman only and remains unfit to bowl. A guideline from these definitions is that this would equate to being unavailable through injury for a 'regular bowler', but we concede that these determinations may need to be made on a case-by-case basis. The difficulty is increased if a player is available to bowl but with workload limits recommended by medical staff that effectively result in non-selection in the longer forms of the game.
This complexity of role in cricket has led to our recommendation that injury surveillance systems avoid 'training time-loss' definitions, as many players regularly train in partial fashion. This would render the concept of a 'missed training session' to be too difficult to determine on too many occasions. For a 'general time-loss' injury, we have opted to recommend a daily binary status of 'considered fit to play a cricket match/not fit to play a cricket match' with the role and type of match necessarily being player-specific (ie, what type of match and in what role would a player be expected to be next fit for?).
In conclusion, these new consensus definitions are presented to offer greater flexibility to researchers at choosing methods which suit their study type and encouraging greater rigour in reporting to allow comparison between studies within cricket, and between sports.
View Abstract
Supplementary materials
 - Supplementary Data
 - Twitter John Orchard _USER_, Craig Ranson _USER_, Isabel Moore _USER_, Jon Patricios _USER_, Nicholas Peirce _USER_ and Caroline Finch, _USER_
 - Competing interests JO (and other authors affiliated with various national cricket boards and associations) declare an interest in being paid either salary or consultancies to provide services for the various associations that they are affiliated with. However, no author was funded or paid specifically to directly work on


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In a number of key ways shipbuilding is different than any other industry that builds big things. In a nutshell, that means problems common to other industries require different approaches, and challenges unique to shipbuilding cannot be solved using general tools.
What makes shipbuilding different?
Ships and offshore structures are typically already being engineered before the design is approved and built before the engineering is complete. This means that pre-existing engineering work, and already built sections, need to be considered when the resulting changes that need to be made are handed down.
Ships, and shipbuilding, are governed by regulations and regulatory bodies that apply to shipbuilding. Unlike buildings and other onshore facilities, the only projects that approach the same scale, a single ship operates in a variety of environmental, regulatory, and political landscapes as it travels around the globe.
Large shipbuilding programs consist of tens or dozens of vessels of the same class. Even between two sister ships, the differences can be significant. This differs quite a bit from any other industry – consumer goods are designed once and manufactured millions of times, buildings are typically designed and built once, even airplanes are engineered once and built hundreds, if not thousands, of times with comparatively small variations between each plane and the next. Shipbuilders have to get it right quickly while managing a large amount of change between each ship.
Managing a huge amount of change
To get things right quickly, while managing that large amount of change, your organization needs to:
- Allow your design and engineering teams to manage and track changes throughout the project.
- Facilitate dynamic communication between engineering and production departments.
- Ensure that any change across sister ships is seamless and transparent.
- Have your teams working in the same unified platform and on the same drawings that will be delivered to class societies.
[eBook] Why Shipbuilding Requires Shipbuilding Specific Solutions
If you're a shipbuilding executive, you'll already be closely familiar with the challenges you face within your industry, so make sure to look out for solutions for and insight into the problems you encounter every day. For those who have had less exposure to shipbuilding, this eBook will provide you with a fantastic overview of why the more unique aspects of shipbuilding demand shipbuilding specific solutions.Access the eBook


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Automatic monitoring systems for wheelsets in continuous operation using modern, efficient measuring methods and documentation in one database. The system makes possible the monitoring of ever tighter tolerances and operating limits that are required both for the increasing speeds and the increase in safety, travelling comfort and operational reliability. The modular design of the Argus wheelset diagnostics system allows economic adjustment to the measurement requirements of the customer.
- Fully automatic, precise and quick measurement operation
- Improvement in workshop organisation and logistics thanks to exact knowledge of the wheelset status and documentation in one database, plus there is wear forecast
- Increase in the vehicle availability thanks to constant monitoring of the wheelset data with wear forecast


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The Burren in County Clare is a region that encompasses 360km2 of gently inclined plateau with a further 200km2 of lowland to the east of the plateau.
The limestone also has a landscape in miniature etched into exposed slabs of rock. The bare surfaces are fretted with hollows and channels where acidic rainwater has selectively dissolved the rock. An extreme example of these micro landforms occurs on the coast.
Often described as a natural landscape, the Burren has been profoundly influenced by human activities. Early removal of the natural woodland induced soil erosion, enlarging the exposure of the underlying limestone. Ecological diversity is one of the great attractions of the Burren, a remarkable profusion that is now under intense pressure.
More than 700 different flowering plants and ferns have been recorded in the Burren. Thus, although the Burren represents only 1% of the land-mass of Ireland, 75% of the Irish native species are contained in the area.
The Burren is a region of outstanding significance in an international context in terms of its geology, geomorphology, natural history and archaeology. Most of the area has been designated as a Special Area of Conservation under the EU Habitats Directive.
The people of the Burren welcome visitors to Ireland''s most extraordinary landscape. The Burren may look rugged, but it is also a fragile place and is always under threat from increased human activity. The limestone pavement, flora and built heritage are the resources on which tourism in The Burren thrives. Respecting and conserving this resource is extremely important.
There is a Burren Code, and by following it, visitors can help protect the limestone pavement, plants and built heritage of this irreplaceable 'fertile rock'.


- Rajan Doering
Recent shift in Hungary COVID demographics
It has been reported that the age demographic most likely to be affected by the virus is trending upwards over the past two weeks. People ages 40-49 now represent almost 20% of the infected population, which is slightly greater than people aged 20-29. Similar increases have been seen for those 65 years of age and older. The current average age of infected individuals is 44.4 years. Children only make up 4.6% of the infected population. There will be extensive cleaning in the schools during the upcoming break, and the army will be assisting in cleaning places that have had an especially high number of infections.
Link: _URL_


text:
If propane vapor contains too much water vapor, cooling upon pressure reduction can lead to ice formation in valves and regulators, a situation that can cause operational problems for the fuel user. It has long been known that the addition of methanol to propane can reduce or eliminate fuel freezing problems. This document discusses the physical behavior of LP gas, methanol, and water, and methods of measuring the concentrations of water and methanol, as well as possible implications for fuel tank corrosion and fuel vaporization.
For a condensed look at the report's findings, simply download the fact sheet here.
You can also download the guide for treating propane with methanol to prevent freezing of valves and regulators.


text:
Creating Cohousing, EcoVillages, and Urban Ecovillages are frequently hampered by money and land issues. How do we as a community create the legal framework to create EcoVillages where the cost of creating is affordable to everyone?
We will explore current ecovillages and their ownership models. Look at crafting ownership foundations where vested interested is insured affordability a value. This is a movement away from single ownership models and an exploration into cooperative ownerships, land trusts, and other forms of ownership, stewardship and other definitions.
Presented By: Forest Berg


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FORGED is an exhibition where Lyra Garcellano postulates several arguments:
1) the valuation of creative output,
2) issues on authenticity and its implications to a work's financial viability, and
3) generated images as goods for trade.
In a period when art forgeries abound, Garcellano employed an artist/worker (whose skills include imitating images of popular Philippine genre paintings and selling them to households) to replicate four of her past paintings. She then added to the equation by painting the certificates of authenticity for each of his replications.
These painted versions of the certificates (added documentation to paintings/art objects that determine their worth) come in two forms: one from its source gallery where the original paintings were first sold and the other, from where the replicated pieces are currently exhibited.
Included in this cycle of repeating images are the accompanying exhibition catalogues of the original works(themselves generated images of the actual paintings) on which the worker based his copies. These catalogues also provide details, such as how the originals look, from which historical series they were part, and the actual size of the works.
What meanings are lost and what are presented by these reproduced images?
What will diminish or boost an artwork's value?
What and who will determine its worth?
These are just some of the questions that FORGED wishes to explore.


Handling cfqueryparam errors in ColdFusion queries
 is ColdFusion's way of fighting against SQL injection attacks. If, however, you just put in your SQL or MySQL query, people entering the wrong type of input will get a server-side error message, which will make them think your website is messed up instead of realizing they put in the wrong type of input.
If you use , be sure to specify that the type is database if you want to be able to display your own error message.
Here's an example:
SELECT somefield
FROM somedatabase
WHERE someotherfield =
Leave a comment


Bárány chair
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Bárány chair
Demonstration of Bárány chair.jpg
A test person is sitting in a swivel chair. A second person has just stopped the rotation of the chair. The disoriented test person points at a sign held up by a third person.
ICD-9-CM 95.45
The Barany chair or Bárány chair, named for the Hungarian physiologist Bárány Róbert, is a device used for aerospace physiology training, particularly for student pilots.
The subject is placed in the chair, blindfolded, then spun about the vertical axis while keeping his head upright or tilted forward or to the side. The subject is then asked to perform tasks such as determine his direction of rotation while blindfolded, or rapidly change the orientation of his head, or attempt to point at a stationary object without blindfold after the chair is stopped. The chair is used to demonstrate spatial disorientation effects, proving that the vestibular system is not to be trusted in flight. Pilots are taught that they should instead rely on their flight instruments.
The device is also used in motion sickness therapy.
Nobel Prize[edit]
Bárány used this device in his ground-breaking research into the role of the inner ear in the sense of balance, which won him the 1914 Nobel prize.
See also[edit]


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In the 1920s, the Denver Art Museum became one of the first art institutions in the world to collect American Indian material not be-cause of some historic or scientific interest, but because of its undeniable aesthetic qualities. Nearly ninety years later, the DAM has one of the largest and most important collections of Native American art anywhere.
But for months now, the American Indian Art Galleries in the Ponti building devoted to displaying the museums collection have been closed while Native Arts curator Nancy Blomberg rethought and reinstalled it. The new galleries underwent not only a physical change, but also an intellectual one, explains Blomberg. The new presentation focuses on specific artists. People go to the Modern and Contemporary art floors or the European art floors and expect to see artists; however, when they come to the American Indian art galleries, they dont. I want to challenge that. I want visitors to look at a group of, for example, Navajo weavings and see the distinct style and hand of the artist involved. I want people to see 2,000 years of continuous artistic creation.
See it all from prehistoric to postmodern when the galleries reopen at noon today at the DAM, 100 West 14th Avenue Park-way. For more information, call _PHONE_ or go to _URL_.


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LIFT ME UP
An important step in building an awareness of sharing our faith with others is to focus on love while youth are still developing their own intellectual understanding of our faith. Here are some simple idea's to focus on sharing the love with others.
- Have staff members share testimonies about an unforgettable person in their life who has impacted them.
- Someone who believed in them, motivated them and/or helped them become the person they are today.
- Have the youth discuss in small groups about unforgettable people in their life who have impacted them.
- Discuss times that the youth have lifted others up:
- listened to friends in a difficult time
- shared their experiences
- believed in someone when they couldn't believe in themselves
- Make a thank you card for the person who has lifted you up
- Make a card for someone who you could lift up and love


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Since the publication of the first edition of Grasses: Panicum to Danthonia in 1973, twenty additional taxa of grasses have been discovered in Illinois that are properly placed in this volume. In addition, numerous nomenclatural changes have occurred for plants already known from the state, and many distributional records have been added. This second edition updates the status of grasses in Illinois. Paul W. Nelson has provided illustrations for all of the additions.
Because the nature of grass structures is generally so different from that of other flowering plants, a special terminology is applied to them. In his introduction, Robert H. Mohlenbrock cites these terms, with descriptions that make the identification of unknown specimens possible. Mohlenbrock's division of the grass family into subfamilies and tribes is a major departure from the sequence usually found in most floristic works in North America.
Synonyms that have been applied to species in the northeastern United States are given under each species. A description based primarily on Illinois material covers the more important features of the species. The common names—Paflic Grass, Billion Dollar Grass or Japanese Millett, Thread Love Grass, and Goose Grass—are the ones used locally in the state. The habitat designation and dot maps showing county distribution of each grass are provided only for grasses in Illinois, but the overall range for each species is also given.


What is Healthy Congregations?
Healthy Congregations, Inc. is an ecumenical, not for profit educational and consulting agency which focuses on providing resources for training in understanding emotional process in communities of faith, families and organizations.
Isn't it a program for Christians?
Initially begun as a project based on Peter Steinke's book How Your Church Family Works, this series of six workshops has transformed congregations (including UU) and synagogues all over the country by helping them understand and respond faithfully to emotional process in their communities of faith, their families and other organizations. UU District Executives Connie Goodbread and the Rev. Dr. Richard Speck have adapted the materials for our use in order to be compatible with Unitarian Universalist theologies, which is called "Smart Church."
Who should take Healthy Congregations Training?
Your Central East Regional Group (CERG) staff recommends that every congregation send its leaders to a Healthy Congregations series of trainings. We are committed to offering this program in various geographic locations by certified facilitators on a regular basis so that your congregation can send new leaders every two or three years.
What will our leaders learn if they take this training?
 1. Accept differences
 2. Focus on mission rather than getting along, the past or survival.
 3. Focus on strengths
 4. Respond to anxiety and change
 5. Respond to conflict
 6. Act flexibly and creatively
 7. Leaders promote congregational health through presence and functioning rather than technique, skill or program
 8. Challenge people rather than comfort
 9. Leaders provide immune capacities rather than encouraging disease processes
 10. People respond graciously and truthfully
 11. People develop caring relationships rather than willful transactions
 12. People empower others rather than dominate or cure
 13. Recognize the interdependent web of life, rather than looking at isolated parts
 14. Practice stewardship gratefully and willingly
 15. Combine money and a faithful life
 16. Share lives rather than thinking only of self
 17. Hospitality is offered for all
 18. Beginning again is a way of life
This seems like a lot of time and expense. Is it worth it?
This kind of training offers a depth that will enable your leaders to help shift the culture of your congregation. The first couple of workshops provide an overview of the concepts, then the rest of the workshops will enable your leaders to go deeper into how systems thinking will help you in various parts of congregational life, providing a foundation for real and lasting change.
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Injury & Illness Prevention
The IIPP is the "umbrella" safety program that details how the organization will protect employees from hazards in the workplace. Cal-OSHA requires that it be "established, implemented and maintained" (California Code of Regulations, Title 8, Section 3203). It covers eight basic components:
- Responsibility. Who is responsible for safety in the organization?
- Compliance. How will compliance with safety requirements be achieved?
- Communication. How will employees receive information they need to keep safe?
- Hazard Assessment. How will safety hazards be recognized and assessed?
- Accident/Exposure investigation. Who will conduct the investigation and how will and when should it be done?
- Hazard Correction. What can be done to eliminate or minimize the hazards?
- Training and Instruction.
- Record keeping.


Looking through the eyes of a kidnapper
Looking through the eyes of a kidnapper
There might have been a case or we might have heard about an incident that would have shaken us, instilled some sense of fear in your parents or in you, without even being closely associated with that incident. Kidnapping is a threatening event that when it occur it not just shocks the person kidnapped, but their families and even people who listen about it. It makes us feel that our space of privacy might be at risk and coming in contact with a complete stranger with cruel intentions is another aspect that creates the constant panic and terror. Kidnapping as a crime in India has been growing and the numbers of cases that are reported everyday are increasing with a massive number and they will continue to. It gets important to know about what can lead to instigate someone who can go to an extent of ruining someone's physical and mental privacy. Not just in India, but worldwide, there has been a spike in the numbers of kidnapping cases and history has given us the cases of some horrific abductions that holds the potential to occupy some areas of your mind for a period of time. How far a kidnapper will go to fulfill his cruel desires? Sometimes the answer of this question can go beyond comprehensions. What exactly does a kidnapper look like? How can they be differentiated? Shockingly most of them look like any other random person who we come across.
Long term abductions are rare in nature but they are highly impactful for the individuals involved and their family members and also many communities and regions. Let us look at a few cases that made to the headlines worldwide. Joseph Fritzel kidnapped Elizabeth Fritzel and she was held for 24 years; Elizabeth was his daughter. He constantly raped her that resulted in her giving birth to 7 children and one miscarriage. Phillip Garrido kidnapped Jaycee Lee Dugard and held her for 18 years; Jaycee was abducted when she was 11 years old and she gave birth to 2 girls and Philip was their father, not only this, Phillip's wife was involved. Amanda Berry, Gina Dejesus and Michelle Knight were held for 10 years by her abductor Ariel Castro and he kept these girls in his house. His neighbors reported that he was very social and friendly. Wolfgang Priklopil held Natascha Kampusch for 8 years. She was abducted when she was 10 years old and she escaped when she was 18. Colleen Stan was held for 7 years by Camerom Hooker.
Psychologists and criminal profilers struggle to understand the motives of these crimes and there are multiple differences that differentiate each and every kidnapper. It was noted that all these people have some kind of basic sexual need and fantasy that keep developing and it drives their behavior; with this, they also have some kind of a personality disorder. The deficits in the minds of these people make them think that everything in the world revolves around them and their needs. Psychologists link these psychopathic tendencies growing out of an abusive childhood but the motivations are complex in nature. Dr. Charles Heller, a forensic psychologist says that people who get such unhealthy childhood have a sense of powerlessness and as they get older they feel the need of having power and dominance and they try to compensate these feelings by trying to get power over children of others. Koatas A. Katsavdakis, a forensic psychologist says that there can be some biological predispositions to engage in such behaviors and their interaction with the environment can facilitate their acts. Most of the kidnappers don't have guilt and feelings for other people but they make themselves believe that they have normal feelings. This can be a constant conflict that can act to frustrate them. Most of these people have personality disorder and these disorders are generally marked by people who cannot feel there emotions as well as the emotions of others, so they make decisions and not worry about hurting the emotions of other people. Some of the cases have seen a presence of moderate to severe symptoms of personality disorders such as anti social personality and narcissistic personality. In some cases they can be highly delusional. Most of the abductors have some sort of paraphilia and abnormal sexual impulse that are obsessive in nature. They can feel aroused by seeing one person in pain and suffering. Kidnappers sometimes make justification about why they did all that and their thoughts can highlight the wrong perceptions and understanding upon which they have been acting. Perversion is there in most of the cases but that is boosted by easily available pornography. There can be sexually deviant thoughts involving humiliation, pain, abuse, torture and power. In most cases the victims of these kidnappers are very young women and these aspects make the psychologists think that is pedophilia is also a factor. All these long term kidnappers create a false sense of relation and family with the victims and they also believe in some sense that the victims also wants to be there. They feel and derive positivity from wrong things. These long term abductions just don't happen or they are not a result of some kind of impulsivity. Rather, the kidnappers plan and make arrangements so that their act can be carried out smoothly and the victims can be held for as long as they want. They make sure that their victims do not have any kind of connection with the outside world; they don't even allow the rays of sun to touch their victims. They also have to follow a procedure and a plan in order to select their victims. All these aspects present an overview of the mind and their behaviors but there are other abduction that are not of long term and are driven by the motives such as anger, need for money, drug use and revenge.
These long term abductors have their ways of manipulating and brainwashing their victims regarding the situation and they try to make them believe that they are held for a reason, this is for their best and they are serving in a big cause. They use different mind control techniques like isolating them for a long period of time, exposing them with constant noise, leaving them in dark or threaten by saying that they would hurt their loved ones if they won't listen. All they want to do is just to make them accept that now this is what their life will be like. Another aspect that comes under the relation between the victim and the abuser is the Stockholm syndrome which is a psychological phenomenon; American Psychological Association defines Stockholm syndrome is a mental and emotional response in which the captive, the hostage displays seeming loyalty to even affection for the captor. The term was coined in 1973, after a bank robbery in Stockholm, Sweden. Some people were help in the bank robbery for some days and the situations were extreme. Despite of all this, eventually they became empathetic and sympathetic with the bank robbers. That sense of developing sympathy or empathy for the abductor is a part of what we call the Stockholm syndrome. There is a complicated relationship between the abductor and the victim. The victim starts to identify or develop some sort of feelings of connectedness with the abductor. It can result from the need to survive and also can be said to be adapting with the situation and the environment. It holds the potential of perceiving the entire situation. In few cases, it was observed the victim presents a very empathetic picture of the kidnapper in front of the police or in a court setting. Compliance can be misunderstood with Stockholm syndrome but most of the time it is present as a strategy to survive.
These are the things that can be thought provoking at the same time make us think about the extent to which one individual can go to fulfill their needs and desires. It also presents how people can have psychological disturbances at different levels. Not only the one who is inducing a traumatic experience has himself faced it in a different way, it will always lead to one thing that "Why". It is not easy for the victim to return to the normal life and it has been observed in some cases that they needed a treatment for a long period of time, but when they come back, it's strong and it's like having a second birth.
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What are the benefits of a tracing JIT?
What is a tracing JIT?
Although tracing JITs are a complex technology, the core concept is about optimizing execution of the hot paths in a program. The emphasis is specifically on hot paths that return to the start of a path which sounds very much like a loop. However, the traditional definition of a programming loop is only a subset of these hot paths. The broader definition includes code that spans methods and possibly even modules. This broader definition of a loop is what's called a trace.
Why use traces?
By JIT compiling the traces, code that is executed frequently runs faster. Code that isn't included in traces isn't compiled. The claim is untraced code would not benefit as greatly from JIT compilation since it is not executed as frequently. The basic trade-off is the time needed to JIT compile and cache the resulting code versus the time needed to execute the code.
When does tracing happen?
How is a tracing JIT different from other JITs?
Run-time profiling for optimization and specific CPU and memory optimizations are done with most JITs to adapt the application for best performance. However, non-tracing JIT implementations (Sun's Java VM and Microsoft's CLR) do this at the method level. When code is determined to be "hot," the entire method containing that code is JIT compiled and cached. Tracing JITs do this at the trace level and may consist of a portion of a method (just a specific loop), multiple methods and even multiple methods from different modules.
Who is using tracing JITs?
A Python interpreter called PyPy recently switched from being based on partial evaluation to a tracing JIT. Microsoft is researching and prototyping a tracing JIT compiler (TJIT) for the common intermediate language (CIL) called SPUR.
Where can I find out more?
This post only scratches the surface. There's plenty more about tracing JITs!


text:
- 1. Roles
- 2. Accessing Messaging Application
- 3. User Administration
- 4. Tenant Administration
- 5. Trading Partner Administration
- 6. Channel Administration
- 7. Rules Administration
- 8. Services
- 8.1. Custom Services
- 8.2. Splitter Services
- 8.3. Meatadata extractor
- 8.4. Parser
- 9. Transactions/Mailbox messages
- Back to Learning Center
Create Channel (Connection)
Creating a Channel (connection) in messaging application.
Who can perform this function?
- Messaging Administrator – Can create channel for any Trading Partner
- Tenant Administrator – Can create channel for Trading Partner owned by their Tenant (Solution).
- Log into Messaging application.
- Verify that the Profile displayed in the top left corner of the screen is that which you wish to modify. (If it is not, select the appropriate profile from the Profile drop down menu).
- Click on Channel Tab and select Create channel sub menu option.
- Select manner of connection and click Continue.
- Select Channel Type and click on Continue.
- Enter required fields marked red.
- Click on Continue.
- Review selections and click on Submit Query.
Channel is successfully created.


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Unique pilot for future travel surveys
In the autumn of 2017, a unique pilot for future travel survey data collection methods is being conducted in Gothenburg. The pilot is running concurrently to a traditional travel survey. The aim of the pilot is to obtain a better understanding of how future travel surveys can be performed, by comparing different data collection methods that run in parallel.
Why travel surveys?
In order to plan for more sustainable transport systems, we need to understand how people use them. Today almost all decisions on transport investments and policy priorities are based on travel survey data, even though today's travel survey methods deliver data that is far from optimal.
Today most people use smartphones and have internet access 24 hours a day. This has the potential to give us much better information about how the transport system is used – which in the long run leads us to design a more efficient and human-centred system.
Demonstrating new innovative data collection methods
Traditional travel surveys ask respondents to complete details of their travel in paper-based questionnaires (and sometime by phone). The respondent should remember all trips made usually over a 24-hour period, how they travelled (bus, car, walk, etc) and the distance and time of each trip. This is a major weakness: the exact distances and times are hard for people to include in their responses, and shorter trips, as well as connecting trips (for example walking to a bus stop) are often forgotten. Completing such surveys can be a burden, and many who receive questionnaires do not complete them. Additionally, due to the high cost of performing these surveys, they are often only performed every 5 years or less frequently.
– "We are testing two new tools for data collection, an online questionnaire and a travel survey app called TRavelVU that helps to collect data", says Emeli Adell at Trivector.
The two new data collection methods will be compared with the traditional travel survey (paper-based) to improve our knowledge of data quality, comparability and representativeness.
Looking at different ways of recruiting respondents
– "But it's not just new tools we're testing," Emeli continues. We also want to understand how we can recruit respondents in a different way in the future. In the pilot, we are using three different recruitment methods for the online questionnaire and the travel survey app:
- random selection of postal addresses,
- web panel, and
– We will compare which groups are represented based on the different recruitment techniques as well as response types. We want to understand which sections of the population respond to different sections as a way to understand who is represented in the data, and how this should be considered when representing a representative picture of travel.
The pilot project is a joint effort between Transport Analysis, VTI (Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute) and Trivector. The project is co-financed by the Swedish Transport Administration. It is a part of a larger project called "New solutions for future travel surveys" led by Transport Analysis.


Are there federal and state laws that already cover the provisions included in this ordinance?
The answer is both yes and no. There is no law in Texas that allows equal access in public accommodations to anyone for any reason. Federal and state laws cover all protected classes contained in this ordinance in fair housing except sexual orientation and gender identity. Federal law provides equal access in public accommodations and employment protections for all of those same classes, but again excludes sexual orientation and gender identity. Texas employment protections also exclude sexual orientation or gender identity.
The difficulty for people who face discrimination is that there is no local mechanism for making complaints of discrimination. Complaints must be filed with federal or state agencies using a complicated and lengthy process. In some cases, the only option is to file a lawsuit in federal district court, which is extremely expensive and takes a very long time. This ordinance allows the City of Houston Office of Inspector General (OIG) to review and investigate complaints to deal with them quickly and easily - usually without the need to hire an attorney. The OIG can still refer complaints to federal or state agencies if it becomes necessary.


Tag: taman nusa bali
Taman Nusa Bali
"See Indonesia in One Afternoon"
Taman Nusa is a cultural park that aims to offer a comprehensive information on the cultures of Indonesia's various ethnic groups in an attractive and interactive way, while enjoying the natural beauty of Bali. Its mission is to provide a conservation, didactic and recreative means for both domestic and foreign visitors to accurately understand the depiction of Indonesia.
Situated on 15 hectares of land, visitors are invited to explore and experience Indonesia's journey throughout the ages beginning from the prehistory, bronze age, kingdoms, and an archipelago of Indonesian cultures. The journey continues to the early national era, independence, modern times and finally to the nation's future.
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January 22, 1879
James Shields: Senator from Illinois, Minnesota, and Missouri
Many men and women make politics a career and have been elected to Congress three or more times. None, however, have outdone Senator James Shields.
Shields was living in Illinois when he was elected to his first term in the US Senate in 1849. He later moved to the Minnesota Territory. When Minnesota was admitted to the Union in May 1858, Shields was elected one of the state's first two US Senators. After the Civil War, Shields settled in Missouri. On January 22, 1879, Shields was again elected to the US Senate.
To date, James Shields is the only person ever elected the the US Senate representing three different states.


text:
pcapfix is a repair tool for corrupted pcap files. It checks for an intact pcap global header and repairs it if there are any corrupted bytes. If one is not present, one is created and added to the beginning of the file. It then tries to find pcap packet headers, and checks and repairs them.
Theorem Linker is a program used to visualize references between theorems in a paper written using LaTeX. Using a.tex document (and a.aux file, created by the LaTeX compiler), Theorem Linker will search through a paper, find theorems, and find references to other theorems within a theorem's "proof". It will then create a digraph in a.dot file (to be opened with programs such as Graphviz or OmniGraffle) that will display each theorem as a node, with directed edges to describe the relations between the theorems. A path highlighted in red describes the longest path in the graph. Theorem Linker will also create folders containing graphs to individually show relations of each theorem in a paper.


text:
Banff (bămf, bănf) [key], town (1991 pop. 5,688), SW Alta., Canada, in the Rocky Mts., on the Bow River and the Trans-Canada Highway. A tourist center and winter resort established in the 1880s by the Canadian Pacific Railway, it is the headquarters of Banff National Park and gateway to Lake Louise. The Banff Center for Continuing Education is a noted fine-arts center.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
More on Banff from Infoplease:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Canadian Political Geography


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Middle Bass Island is an island of the U.S. state of Ohio, located in Lake Erie. A small town, Middle Bass, lies on the island. The 805-acre (3.258 km²) island is shaped like the Big Dipper and is one of three Bass Islands located at the center of a group of 23 smaller islands.
Some of its more famous neighbors are South Bass Island, with the town of Put-in-Bay, Kelleys Island, and Pelee Island. The island has a year-round population of 95 residents (2000 census). Seasonal population surges to near 1,500 residents during the summer.
The island was landed upon by French explorer, Robert La Salle, in 1679. The abundance of wildflowers on the island impressed La Salle and his crew so much that they appropriately named it Isle des Fleures, the Floral Island. It would retain this name for the next 200 years until it was acquired by a German count in 1856. With the aid of immigrant German workers, the island was used for growing grapes. This proved to be a very successful undertaking.
By 1875, Middle Bass Island's Golden Eagle Winery was reputed to be the largest wine producer in the United States. The Lonz family acquired the business in 1884 and owned and operated it until the death of George Lonz in 1968. Lonz Winery has often been compared with the wineries of the German Rhineland. The old castle-like structure has been visited by countless dignitaries including five American Presidents. The winery is now part of a corporation bearing the Lonz name. Since 1979, the wines have been made by Italian enologist Claudio Salvador.
Lonz Winery was purchased by the state of Ohio with the intention of one day establishing a state park.


text:
Flag of Greece
The flag of Greece is rectangular with nine equal stripes of blue (5) and white (4) from left to right. In the top left corner is a blue square with a white cross. This flag has been used since 1822, when the young Greek state was fighting for its independence from the Ottoman Empire during the Greek War of Independence.
The current flag of Greece was officially adopted during the First national assembly of the Greeks at Epidaurus in 1822, and the flag with the 9 stripes was adopted as a state and military ensign (a flag used only by the government and the military, and only on ships). Another flag was chosen as a land flag, it was a simple white cross on a blue field. A third flag was adopted for the merchant fleet (a flag to be used by civilians on ships only), but it was only used for 8 years. In 1978, the ensign was chosen as the sole national flag, and it is now used by everyone on land and sea as the flag of Greece.
It is sometimes known in Greece as the blue-white, in Greek Γαλανόλευκη (Galanólefki) or Κυανόλευκη (Kyanólefki).


Pilgrimage to the grave of Ham the Astrochimp
Crave's Nerdy New Mexico series delivers flowers to the grave of Ham the Astrochimp, the first chimpanzee launched into space. It was a big confidence booster for NASA prior to sending humans into orbit.
Ham the Astrochimp
Ham the Astrochimp in 1961. NASA
ALAMOGORDO, N.M.--A flat plaque in cement on the ground in front of the flagpoles at the New Mexico Museum of Space History marks the final resting place for Ham the Astrochimp. I've brought flowers to spruce the place up a little bit, but it still looks very plain. This isn't quite what I expected. I thought the grave of a space pioneer might have a little more flair.
Earning a real name
Ham's name is an acronym for "Holloman Aeromedical," the lab where he and other space chimps were trained. He didn't earn a real name until he successfully returned from orbit. Before that, he was Chimp Number 65.
Ham was born in 1955 (some sources say 1956) and died in 1983. In 1961, he was strapped into a chimp restraint suit, placed in a Mercury module, and rocketed into space from Cape Canaveral. He experienced seven minutes of weightlessness and nearly 15 G-forces on re-entry.
Ham was part of Project Mercury, a mission with the ultimate goal of putting a man in space. Ham was trained to push a lever upon seeing a blue light, which he successfully accomplished during his flight. This gave NASA valuable information on the ability to conduct tasks while in space.
Later, in 1961, another Project Mercury chimp named Enos also made it into orbit and returned safely. These chimp flights were essentially dress rehearsals for human space missions.
Life after space
After his experience, Ham spent the rest of his life in retirement in zoos. Now he's buried in Alamogordo, not far from where he trained to go into space in the first place.
The animal lover in me can't help but feel uncomfortable at the thought of a chimpanzee being rocketed into the confusion of a space journey.
All Ham knew was that one day he was running around in the African wild, the next he was captured, and then eventually tied down and blasted into orbit.
It must have been a surreal experience for the little chimp. It's something that humans like Ashton Kutcher are willing to pay big bucks for. Ham didn't have a choice.
The little plaque at the grave site reads, "Ham proved that mankind could live and work in space." That's a pretty big burden to have placed on the shoulders of a little chimp. It's well worth a gift of flowers and a quiet thank-you that could never be enough. Next time, I'll bring bananas.
Ham's grave marker
Ham's grave is at the New Mexico Museum of Space History. Amanda Kooser/CNET


1. Packaging total cost of ownership
Optimise your packaging TCO
A TCO analysis is the first step to drive down overall costs and improve profitability
In today's competitive world, the concept of Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) is an important one, for both buyers and sellers. Rather than only considering the purchase price of an object, TCO looks at the complete cost from purchase to disposal. This will include costs that are likely to be incurred during the product's lifetime, such as maintenance, repair and insurance.
From a packaging supply chain point of view, TCO involves reviewing the entire chain and having an overall view on the total process, detecting opportunities for improvement and potential for increasing profitability. A TCO analysis will likely look at three major components. There's the cost of the packaging material itself; the operating costs (involving the packaging processes of our customers for example); and the logistics costs.
Think about your packaging total cost of ownership
Some solutions which take into account the optimization of your packaging TCO
Optimise your TCO
We would be delighted to assist you in your TCO calculations, by providing input as to where and how cost-savings could be made to drive down your TCO.
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How to Farm Ginger in Nigeria
Ginger is a popular spice used in Nigeria for its medicinal and culinary benefits. It is used to treat various ailments like colds, cough, and sore throat. It also adds flavor to different dishes, making it an essential ingredient in Nigerian cuisine. Ginger farming can be a lucrative venture for farmers in Nigeria, provided they have the right knowledge and skills. In this article, we will explore how to farm ginger in Nigeria, from planting to harvesting and processing.
What is Ginger?
Ginger is a flowering plant that originated in Southeast Asia. Its scientific name is Zingiber officinale, and it belongs to the same family as turmeric and cardamom. Ginger is a rhizome, which is an underground stem that grows horizontally and produces roots and shoots. The ginger root is the part of the plant that is commonly used in cooking and medicine.
The first step in ginger farming is soil preparation. Ginger prefers loose, well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. The soil should be tilled to a depth of about 15cm and mixed with compost or manure. The soil should be slightly acidic, with a pH of between 5.5 and 6.5. If the soil is too alkaline, add some sulfur to lower the pH.
Ginger is usually planted between March and April in Nigeria. The rhizomes are planted about 5cm deep and 20cm apart in rows that are 30-40cm apart. The planting area should be watered immediately after planting to ensure that the soil is moist. Ginger requires regular watering, especially during the dry season. It is also important to weed the area regularly to prevent competition for nutrients.
Ginger requires adequate nutrients to grow and produce a good yield. The soil should be tested before planting to determine the nutrient requirements. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are the essential nutrients for ginger. The fertilizer should be applied in two stages – before planting and after emergence. A balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 15:15:15 is recommended for ginger farming.
Ginger is usually harvested between 8-10 months after planting, depending on the variety and growing conditions. The leaves of the ginger plant will begin to turn yellow, indicating that it is time to harvest. The rhizomes are carefully dug up using a spade or fork. The rhizomes should be cleaned, sorted, and dried in the sun for a few days. The dried ginger can then be stored in a cool, dry place until it is ready for processing.
Processed ginger has a longer shelf life and can be sold at a higher price. There are different methods of processing ginger, depending on the intended use. Some of the common processing methods include drying, powdering, and pickling. Drying is the most common method, where the ginger is sliced and dried in the sun or a dehydrator. Powdering involves grinding the dried ginger into a fine powder, which can be used as a spice or flavoring agent. Pickling involves soaking the ginger slices in vinegar or brine, which gives it a tangy flavor and preserves it for a longer period.
Marketing is an essential aspect of ginger farming. Farmers can sell their ginger at local markets or to wholesalers who supply to supermarkets and restaurants. Farmers can also sell their ginger online through e-commerce platforms or social media. It is important to have a good understanding of the market demand and price trends to get the best price for the ginger.
Ginger farming can be a profitable venture for farmers in Nigeria. With the right knowledge and skills, farmers can grow high-quality ginger that is in demand in the local and international markets. Soil preparation, planting, fertilizer application, harvesting, processing, and marketing are the key steps in ginger farming. By following these steps, farmers can maximize their yield and income.
1. What are the common pests and diseases that affect ginger plants?
Ginger plants are susceptible to pests like aphids, thrips, and mealybugs, and diseases like bacterial wilt, fusarium wilt, and root knot nematodes. It is important to monitor the plants regularly and take appropriate measures to control the pests and diseases.
2. Can ginger be grown in containers?
Yes, ginger can be grown in containers, provided the container is large enough to accommodate the rhizomes and has good drainage.
3. Does ginger require a lot of water?
Yes, ginger requires regular watering, especially during the dry season. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged.
4. How long does it take for ginger to mature?
Ginger usually takes between 8-10 months to mature, depending on the variety and growing conditions.
5. Can ginger be grown in all parts of Nigeria?
Yes, ginger can be grown in most parts of Nigeria, provided the soil and climatic conditions are suitable.


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Five Common Decorating Mistakes
Five Common Decorating Mistakes By Stephanie Platt, Interior Designer and Staging Assistant for A Goode Start Are you decorating a space in your house or do you have a space that just doesn't;t work and you can't figure out what the problem is? Below is a list of some common mistakes that when addressed can make a big impact on your space. 1. Not Enough Light - The key to creating an effective lighting plan in your space is to use layers. There are three categories of lighting and all three need to be used to create a well lit space. GeneralGeneral lighting, also known as ambient light, provides your room with overall light. The most common types of general lighting is chandeliers, ceiling or wall mounted fixtures, recessed lights and floor/table lamps. The overall light in a space should be comfortable and allow you to perform tasks and move around safely. TaskThink of task light as light for your work space. It is lighting that helps you perform certain ac


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Danes start celebrations early during festive season
There are a lot of differences between Christmas in Hong Kong and Denmark. Christmas is a very important festival in Denmark, even more important than New Year, and there are a lot of Christmas traditions.
Four weeks before Christmas Eve, the Danes begin to celebrate Christmas by lighting up one of the Advent candles, a traditional decoration put up in Denmark every year before Christmas.
There are four candles and one is lit each weekend. On the last weekend before Christmas, all four candles would have been lit.
The Danes put up Christmas trees with beautiful lights in front of their houses. They also have Advent calendars for children. From the first of December, children get a small present from their parents every day, until December 24.
Meanwhile, teenagers take on the role of julenissens, Santa's helpers in Danish fairytales, and give a classmate a present or greeting card.
On Christmas Eve, the whole family gets together for a big meal. Ris is manden is served for dessert. There will be an almond in one or two servings of the dessert. If you get the almond, you have to hide it. After the meal, the cook, usually the mother, will ask who has the almond, and whoever does will get a small present.
After dinner, the family will sing and dance around the Christmas tree which is illuminated with candles. It is a really warm and happy festival.
Chi-man is an exchange student from Hong Kong


Talent Acquisition vs Recruiting: What's the Difference?
When it comes to bringing on new hires, the process may look a little different than ever before. Video and phone conversations are taking over in-person interviews as the new norm. Now more than ever it is important to stay up to date with your current recruiting practices. With many individuals currently looking for new opportunities, understanding the difference between talent acquisition and recruiting could make a difference in who you bring on to fill current vacancies.
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In this week's blog, we will uncover the difference between talent acquisition and recruitment so that you can determine which best fits your company's hiring needs.
Defining Talent Acquisition
Talent Acquisition is a continuous and proactive process that is geared toward focused competencies (i.e. knowledge, skills and behaviors) for a long-term fit, broad systems, and networking. The process is cyclical and revolves around building relationships, anticipating your future hiring needs and creating a pool of candidates from those relationships.
This approach involves planning and strategy since you need to establish a solid understanding on what your workplace will need now and in the future. Looking at your company through a wider lens will allow you to understand the inner workings of your company and the skills and experiences that each position requires for success.
What is Recruitment?
While Talent Acquisition is an ongoing approach, recruitment is more of a reactive, linear process. Recruitment is often seen as reactive because a position is vacant and someone must be recruited to fill it; typically, very quickly. The process is usually streamlined by the human resources or management team and it primarily involves searching for, evaluating and hiring experienced people to fill the vacancy.
But What's the Difference?
Recruitment focuses more on a tactical process for an immediate problem whereas talent acquisition is a holistic strategy that a company uses to find specialists, leaders and other future top talent based on the knowledge, skills, and behaviors needed within your company. Recruitment focuses on the now and talent acquisition focuses on the long term.
Which Should Your Company Use?
When deciding between talent acquisition and recruitment, you obviously will need both from time to time based on the urgency and position. Yet, for most roles, there should be a clear strategy, network, and targeted system in place to ensure you are adding the "right person to the bus" vs. just filling a role.
Talent Acquisition vs Recruiting: What's the Difference?


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Behavior SpecialistSpecial Education - $750 Signing Bonus
The Foundation Schools is a special education day school which delivers innovative school programs and support services for children and adolescents with emotional disabilities, autism spectrum disorders and other learning challenges. For over 40 years, The Foundation Schools' mix of academic support and therapeutic services has given our students a chance to reach their full potential. The Foundation Schools is currently approved by the State of Maryland and the District of Columbia to provide services to students who have not been successful in their home school's environment. The Foundation Schools has schools in Gaithersburg, Rockville, Landover, and Largo, Maryland that serve over 200 students in grades K-12.
Our Core Values' provide a strong foundation for our programs, are integrated into our positive behavior intervention system, drive our actions and guide our staff and students daily to TWIRL (Teamwork, Work Ethic, Integrity, Respect, and Leadership). We offer a supportive working environment with small class sizes and excellent resources.
The Foundation Schools offers a comprehensive benefit package including tuition assistance and a generous retirement package. Visit our website at _URL_ for more information.
Education, Experience and Certification Requirements
- H.S. degree or equivalent required, Bachelor's Degree is preferred.
- Two or more years' experience in special education, a psychiatric setting or other similar setting for children and adolescents is required
- Training in TACT 2, Life Space Crisis Intervention, or similar crisis intervention program is preferred
- Bilingual (Spanish/English) abilities are a plus
Behavior Specialists utilize effective and appropriate behavior interventions with students and provide a behavioral continuum for responses to inappropriate student behavior. Behavior Specialists provide support to students to encourage the use of appropriate behaviors that will allow the students to fully participate in the classroom and program. Behavior Specialists are an integral part of training staff in behavior management and crisis intervention. Behavior Specialists provide assistance and supervision on staffs' use of protocols and procedures when physically restraining or secluding students. Behavior Specialists monitor students' arrival and dismissal, and maintain a presence in the school hallways and classrooms throughout the day. They actively engage with students and staff to identify potential conflicts or students who are in need of additional support.
ESSENTIAL JOB FUNCTIONS
- Actively manage the hallways during arrival, transition, and dismissal and ensure staff are at assigned posts
- Maintain required electronic and paper documentation regarding intensive behavior interventions, including but not limited to, mediations, bus incidents, critical incidents, bullying reports, and behavior intervention referrals
- Actively engage with students and staff to identify potential conflicts or students who are in need of additional support; facilitate or participate in mediations, reentry meetings, and parent meetings
- Monitor and provide support, both inside and outside of the classrooms, for students who have been identified as needing additional behavior interventions
- Provide situational training and guidance to staff on correct utilization of verbal and physical behavior interventions to help increase their behavior intervention skill levels
- Consistently and appropriately utilize and model TACT 2 verbal de-escalation and approved physical restraint techniques, Life Space Crisis Intervention (if trained), and behavior management strategies; provide staff training on behavior management procedures and program processes
- Provide direction to staff during crisis and non-crisis situations to assist staff with improving behavior management skills and decision making skills; manage the need for additional staff in crisis situations and direct staff back to other duties when appropriate; facilitates debriefing sessions with staff to review incidents and identify staff member responsible for completing required documentation
- Reinforce the expectations for learning and standards for classroom participation and behavior; effectively manage student behavior through implementation of positive behavior management systems, school rules, policies and procedures, and model appropriate behavior for students during the school day; assist students with using strategies to decrease and avoid inappropriate behaviors
- Proactively provide supervision of students to ensure the safety and security of the school program at all times
- Maintain student confidentiality in accordance with The Foundation Schools Confidentiality and Conflict of Interest Statement and student record confidentiality procedures
- Demonstrate an understanding of how our students' disabilities impact their behavior and ability to learn; display knowledge of students' diagnoses and adapt intervention strategies accordingly to meet the requirements of the students' IEPs and BIPs
- Proactively identify behaviors among all students that could lead to a crisis, an unsafe situation or disrupt the learning environment; use effective behavior management techniques to address these behaviors in order to limit the severity and length of disruptions
- Demonstrate appropriate use of verbal de-escalation skills to manage student behaviors; utilize the behavior continuum in order to use or consider the use of the least restrictive
- behavioral interventions necessary; use effective, appropriate, and approved strategies during a crisis including the participation in seclusions, therapeutic holds, escorts, and student restraints when necessary; consistently, and appropriately utilize and model TACT 2 techniques or classroom behavior management strategies
- Work with teachers, therapists, school leaders, and other team members to determine the student and/or classroom needs, and adjust interventions and practices to best meet those needs; work with team to develop interventions and/or incentive plans when appropriate
- Actively participate in committees, meetings, supervision, and professional development activities
- Consistently model and implement the organization's core values to drive actions and to guide our students to incorporate Teamwork, Work Ethic, Integrity, Respect, and Leadership into positive behaviors while at school
- Comply with all of The Foundation Schools' policies, rules, protocols, and procedures


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I have a vine-type plant that is growing on areas of my Jacaranda tree (me + the tree live in Australia). It has little leaves. The roots of the vine grow on the outer-layer of bark on the tree.
Does anyone know what it is and if it will cause any probs over time or hurt the tree in any way?
roots and leaves coming out jacaranda tree
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The plant is an orchid. They like to establish themselves on the bark of a tree, because they are an epiphytic plant. They like the shade that a tree provides. This plant will in no way harm that huge tree. Most plant lovers would be thrilled to have such a lovely plant given to them for free by nature. Good luck with plant.enter image description here
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WCC, ACT Alliance, Middle East Council of Churches Appeal for Addressing Needs in Lebanon
World Council of Churches
Sept. 4, 2020
GENEVE, Sept. 4, 2020 /Christian Newswire/ -- In a joint statement, the World Council of Churches, ACT Alliance, and Middle East Council of Churches appealed to address the most urgent needs in the wake of the catastrophic explosion that ripped through the heart of Beirut on 4 August.
"We stand in solidarity with the bereaved, the injured, the displaced and the suffering," reads the appeal. "On behalf of the international ecumenical community, ACT Alliance is launching an appeal as part of the international humanitarian response to this disaster, and we join in calling on the international community for a comprehensive humanitarian mechanism of coordination and collaboration with Lebanese civil society."
The three organizations also recognize and lift up the swift and effective actions taken by Lebanese civil society to respond and to alleviate the suffering of those affected. "The civil society response to the disaster is a significant sign of hope, strengthening people's capacity to overcome this enormous crisis and to restore hope in the society for the future of the nation," reads the statement. "There must be real accountability for this disaster, through an independent investigation."
The organizations call on the international community, through the UN, to ensure that the causes of this disaster are investigated and established by a credible independent process, that those responsible are brought to justice, and that impunity is avoided.
"While immediate humanitarian assistance is essential and fundamental, ensuring long-term resilience is crucial for Lebanon's sustainable recovery from multiple shocks – bringing together humanitarian, development and peace and human security components in a comprehensive systemic approach," the statement reads. "The explosion and its consequences compound a deep pre-existing economic and social crisis, with 50% of Lebanese people living under the poverty line and 400,000 suffering displacement."
The statement urges a comprehensive, detailed and sustained engagement to ensure lasting positive impact.
"This is a critical and historical existential moment for Lebanon - a haven for religious and social diversity in the Middle East - and as such, we are all concerned and called upon to help ensure Lebanon's survival," reads the statement. "With all the tragedies and challenges of its past and present, Lebanon stands as a sign and symbol of living together in diversity."
Read full statement
Solidarity with churches in the Middle East
SOURCE World Council of Churches
CONTACT: Media Office +41 79 _PHONE_, _EMAIL_
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I was reading up on electrostatic particle accelerators when I read a statistic stating the efficiency of converting wall electrical power (the electrical power from the outlet) into beam power in an accelerator. I tried finding out why this was the case and doing some first cut calculations. The most I could come up with was a lot of the power gets wasted by particles not being efficiently collimated, I.E. most of the accelerated particles hit the wall. Now, I'm pretty sure that is not the only reason, I assume depending on the quality of the vacuum, scattering by the leftover gas molecules would also contribute to the lost beam power, as well as losses via emitted radiation from focusing the charged particles with magnetic fields.
Am I getting this right? Or am I missing some huge power draw that sucks most of the power away from the beam? I know the efficiency depends somewhat on the beam maximum energy (since higher energy beams have higher brehmstrahlung and cyclotron radiation losses), I'm looking at the power efficiency of a 10 MeV electrostatic electron beam accelerator.
Why are 10 MeV electron electrostatic particle accelerators so inefficient?