text:
Exploring an organometallic redox complex for the remediation and reclamation of ionic contaminants.
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Ion exchange for the removal of ionic contaminants is typically considered a mature technology. However, recovery of extracted contaminants in a minimal volume of secondary waste and regeneration of ion exchange materials for use in subsequent extraction cycles continue to represent significant challenges for the separation chemist. Substantial progress in overcoming these barriers has been made by employing redox-switchable organometallic complexes for the extraction and recovery of ionic contaminants. As compared with traditional ion exchange, this approach offers an alternative redox-based stripping mechanism and affords quantitative recovery of a target contaminant in a minimal volume of secondary waste. In contrast to previous redox extraction and recovery processes (R2ER) which focus on selectivity and design of an organometallic extractant, we have developed a novel redox process with potential for adaptation to any existing ion exchanger. The lipophilic metal complex Fe(η5-C5H5)(η5-(3)-1,2-C2B9H9(n-C12H25)2) has been used in combination with tetra-n-heptylammonium salts to demonstrate an improved R2ER paradigm for aqueous anions. Liquid-liquid extraction of a generic contaminant was shown to follow a traditional ion-exchange equilibrium. Subsequent recovery of the extracted contaminant as a compact solid was promoted by treatment of the water-immiscible phase with zinc powder, and the spent solvent was regenerated by treatment with an aqueous oxidant. Using this method, 100 L of industrial waste simulant can be reduced to 25 mL of secondary waste in a single reductive step. As compared to previously reported R2ER processes for anions, the new process alleviates potential stability concerns related to the presence of charge dense anions and enables efficient regeneration of a variety of counter ions in tetra-n-heptylammonium ion pairs, including NO3−, Br−, Cl−. Repeatable extraction/regeneration cycles demonstrated no loss in extraction efficiency. Extracted contaminants were recovered in yields ranging from 97% to 100%. R2ER regeneration of OH is also discussed. Liquid-liquid extraction studies demonstrating the feasibility of the approach and extension of this chemistry to a polymer-supported format is presented.


Often asked: What Is Asparagus Called In Nigeria?
What is the local name for asparagus?
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Asparagaceae
What is shatavari called in Nigeria?
What is the Yoruba name for Prunus Africana?
Aspillia Africana (Fig. 9)
Local nigerian name:
Yun yun ( Yoruba )
Kalankwa (Hausa)
Urangila ( Igbo )
What is Euphorbia hirta in Yoruba?
Euphorbia hirta is also locally known as ogwu ngwo (eczema drug) in some eastern parts of Nigeria is used locally to arrest bleeding in the event of an injury. Commonly called Shea butter in Nigeria, okwuma in Igbo, kadanya in Hausa, and ori in Yoruba, Vitellaria paradoxa, is a tree of Sapotaceae family.
You might be interested: Question: Who Was The First Senate President Of Nigeria?
What part of asparagus is poisonous?
Like the rhubarb, the part of the asparagus plant that we love – the young stems – are perfectly safe to eat. But the asparagus hides a deceptive, nasty secret: Its fruit, which are bright red berries, are toxic to humans.
Is asparagus bad for your kidneys?
Where can I get shatavari powder?
This item Just Jaivik 100% Organic Shatavari Powder, USDA Organic, 1/2 Pound / 227g, Asparagus Racemosus, Rejuvenative for Vata and Pitta that Promotes Vitality and Strength. Herb Essential Pure Shatavari Asparagus Racemosus Powder – 50 g
Price ₹ 280.00 ₹ 140.00
Sold By Emarketers Cloudtail India
What is the Yoruba name for asparagus?
Introduction. Asparagus africanus Lam (Liliaceae) is an erect armed herb that grows up to 5ft high. The plant is widely distributed in tropical Africa. In Nigeria, the plants are known as "Shekan bera" in Hausa and "aluki" in Yoruba (Dalziel, 1956).
What is the scientific name of Karkashi?
Botanical name: Sesamum radiatum. English: benniseed, Yoruba: ewe-atura, Hausa: karkashi. Tiv/Idoma: beni.
What is artemisia called in Nigeria?
Artemisia annua L. (A. annua), commonly called annual wormwood, and belonging to the family Asteraceae, is a medicinal plant native to temperate Asia but has presently naturalized throughout the world. It has been recently introduced for commercial cultivation in Nigeria.
You might be interested: How Much Does A Pregnancy Test Kit Cost In Nigeria?
What is Yoruba name for Gorontula?
What Is Goron Tula In Yoruba? Goron Tula fruit (Hausa) is sometimes referred to as Thespesia or Silky Kola. It is also known as tree hibiscus and snot apple in English.
What is the English name for ewe Abamoda?
The English name is never die or resurrection plant. It is called abamoda by the Yoruba tribe of Southwestern Nigeria where it is used in traditional treatment of several ailments including stomach upset (Iwu, 1993).
What is the Yoruba name for chickweed?
Other names include chick weed, chickenwort, satin flower, (awede in Yoruba ).
What is neem leaf called in Igbo?
indica is an extensively popular tree in Nigeria and is commonly referred to as Neem (English), "Dogon Yaro" (Hausa) and "Akun shorop" ( Igbo ).
What is Yoruba name for asthma plant?
One of such herbs that researchers see as a potential raw material for the treatment of asthma is that commonly referred to as Crinum jagus, " asthma cough plant " or Ogede odo in Yoruba.
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A sharp upper bound on the probability of a random vector falling outside a polytope, based solely on the first and second moments of its distribution, can be computed efficiently using semidefinite programming. However, this Chebyshev-type bound tends to be overly conservative since it is determined by a discrete worst-case distribution. In this paper we obtain a less pessimistic Gauss-type bound by imposing the additional requirement that the random vector's distribution must be unimodal. We prove that this generalized Gauss bound still admits an exact and tractable semidefinite representation. Moreover, we demonstrate that both the Chebyshev and Gauss bounds can be obtained within a unified framework using a generalized notion of unimodality. We also offer new perspectives on the computational solution of generalized moment problems, since we use concepts from Choquet theory instead of traditional duality arguments to derive semidefinite representations for worst-case probability bounds.


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Tree Cutting in Farming Simulator 15
In Farming Simulator 2015 tree cutting was introduced as a new feature. The goal was to offer maximum freedom in how trees are cut. The player can decide the position and angle of the cut. This means that the tree mesh models cannot be pre-cut. The meshes are cut on the fly, and become a physical object once separated. Meshes thus need to be stored in a representation that enables real-time splitting. Furthermore, since falling trees may collide with the environment, the collision skin of the tree needs to be computed on the fly as well. The mass and moment of inertia of a cut tree varies with the location of the cut and also need to be computed in real-time.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Definitions of confessor
n. - One who confesses; one who acknowledges a fault, or the truth of a charge, at the risk of suffering; specifically, one who confesses himself a follower of Christ and endures persecution for his faith. 2
n. - A priest who hears the confessions of others and is authorized to grant them absolution. 2
The word "confessor" uses 9 letters: C E F N O O R S S.
No direct anagrams for confessor found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after confessor (in bold), or to cefnoorss in any order:
s - confessors
All words formed from confessor by changing one letter
Browse words starting with confessor by next letter

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The Cosmos is October's Birth Flower
Everyone knows that they have a specific birthstone that is placed in jewelry and trinkets to signify the month they were born in. However, many people don't know that just like the stones, each month has a flower or two as well, which symbolizes birth. Here is the history and meaning behind your birth flower, the cosmos.
The Cosmos includes 20-26 species of annual plants native to scrub and meadow areas in Mexico, the southern United States (Arizona, Florida), Central America and northern South America south to Paraguay.
The plant can grow up to 2m tall and has simple leaves and petals. The flower colors vary between the different species. The plants are often used as decoration in gardens and around a home.
Cosmos is the Greek word for harmony or ordered universe. They are a pest free plant which helps keep bugs at a minimum in gardens and green houses, and grow very well in dry, hot climates like Texas. If planted in rich, fertile soil, tall plants will grow. Some species of the Cosmos requires constant sunlight through out the day and should not be planted in an area where it will have shade for a big part of the day. Because it is one of the easiest plants to grow it can be planted at various time including the spring for summer blooming or mid-summer for early fall blooming.
Fun and interesting fact: The Cosmos got its name from the Spanish priests grew the Cosmos in their gardens in Mexico. The evenly placed petals led them to christen the flower with the name it is now known by.


text:
A profanity search method. Returns the number of profane words found and a list of the profane words. If the text is clean 0 (zero) is returned.
- Your API application key.
- The text you want checked for profanity.
- The 2 letter language code for the text you are submitting.
More information on languages can be found here.
- Treat email addresses like profanity. set = 1
- Treat phone numbers like profanity. set = 1
- Treat urls like profanity. set = 1
- To include our response time in the result. set = 1
- Response format: xml or json. Defaults to xml.
- Set equal to 1 to wrap the listed words in
Use this if you plan on passing strings that may break XML (ie "<" and "&").
Example XML Response
 webpurify.live.return rest 2 profane1 profane2 api_key
100: Invalid API Key
- The API key passed was not valid.
101: API Key is inactive
- The API key passed is inactive or has been revoked.
102: API Key was not included in request
- This method requires an API Key.
103: Service currently unavailable
- The requested service is temporarily unavailable.
104: Rate limit exceeded
- You have exceeded the number of simultaneous requests for your license.
Please go to: _URL_ to see the limits for your license.


text:
(verb) deny or contradict (a fact or statement) "it was difficult to gainsay his claim"
(verb) speak against or oppose (someone) "none could gainsay her"
Gainsay meaning in Hindi (English to Hindi Dictionary)
विरोध करना, चुनौती देना, खण्डन करना, प्रतिवाद करना, अस्वीकार करना
- Middle English: from obsolete gain- 'against' + say.
Gainsay in a sentence (word usage in recent newspaper)
- "There is no gainsay from such statements," Mr. Diwan pointed out.
- "There is then no gainsay in the fact that transgenders enjoy basic human rights including protection from violence and discrimination.
- He was a perfectionist, but he will gainsay it for that's what invariably makes him a perfectionist.
- If these demanding practices help Muslims find peace and God, no one has a right to gainsay them.
- But he also makes points that officials struggle to gainsay.
Mnemonic trick to remember the meaning of gainsay
- gainsay = gain weight?? say it… don't deny… don't gainsay


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Employees' perceptions of institutional values and employer-employee relationships at the North-West University
_PHONE_ - Fourie, Lynnette Mitizi
_PHONE_ - Holtzhausen, Lida
MetadataShow full item record
A multicultural and multilingual tertiary environment—the North-West University (NWU), with an endorsed corporate identity—had recently gone through an incorporation process (where other tertiary institutions had been merged into the main institutional structure). This created an ideal environment for an article aimed at the relationship between employees' perceptions of how effective the institution upheld its values and the continued quality of its employee relationships. The university consists of three independent campuses, each with their own corporate identity, ethos and employer–employee relationship structure. This article sets out to determine the nature of the NWU's employer–employee relationships and employees' perceptions of the institution's newly established corporate identity. Furthermore, values, integrity, commitment, accountability and respect were only recently established and are currently in a process of being incorporated as institutional philosophy drivers into the corporate identity of the NWU. Against this background, the following research question is asked: what is the relationship between NWU employees' perceptions of the institution's values and employer–employee relationships? The article indicates that there is a connection between the do-value, integrity and the establishment of a communal relationship between the institution and its employees.
- Faculty of Arts@PUK


text:
The Basketball Academy is embedded in the Health and Physical Education curricula of the Australian Curriculum. The program provides quality experienced coaching in a dynamic and supportive environment.
Flinders University's functional screening program and testing is provided to increase player performance and durability through a strength and conditioning program.
In partnership with Flinders University and Basketball SA, Springbank Secondary College is developing a High Performance Basketball program which aims to include:
- Personal learning plan with a basketball and pathway focus
- Opportunity to apply for a scholarship sponsored by Basketball SA
- Strength and conditioning
- Coaching and accreditation
- The use of technology to assist skill acquisition
- Sports nutrition
- Injury prevention
- Performance development and analysis


text( path = nil ) public
A convenience method which returns the String value of the first child text element, if one exists, and nil otherwise.
Note that an element may have multiple Text elements, perhaps separated by other children. Be aware that this method only returns the first Text node.
This method returns the value of the first text child node, which ignores the raw setting, so always returns normalized text. See the Text::value documentation.
doc = Document.new "some text this is bold! more text" # The element 'p' has two text elements, "some text " and " more text". doc.root.text #-> "some text
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Definition of Glycoprotein
Glycoprotein: A molecule that consists of a carbohydrate plus a protein.
Glycoproteins play essential roles in the body. For instance, in the immune system almost all of the key molecules involved in the immune response are glycoproteins.
A glycopeptide is similar in structure to a glycoprotein but has a shorter chain of amino acids.Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionary
Last Editorial Review: 6/14/2012
Medical Dictionary Definitions A - Z
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text:
Exhibition space: Active seeing – a feast for the eyes
Liz Coats has devoted decades to researching the interaction of paint colours and how people perceive them. Simon Jenkins reports.
The work of Liz Coats mesmerises. Just like a kaleidoscope showing various prisms of light and colour that partially cross over each other and enhance those beneath, her abstract paintings draw the viewer ever deeper into their centre (almost intentionally as if to attract and capture their sight forever). At the same time, they treat the eye to a feast of colour that evokes visual insight in the present moment.


The Real Reason Oranges Are Sold In Red Mesh Bags
Just because you don't see commercials for oranges on TV doesn't mean that they aren't being expertly marketed to you. According to HuffPost, the way food looks is extremely important, and in fact, it's a billion-dollar business. Essentially, foods need to look tasty, no matter what you're selling. This means lots of research has gone into making everything about the store as profitable as it can be. Everything from where products are placed on shelves to food packaging is all designed to pull you in.
Oranges, in particular, generally come in distinctive red mesh bags, and this was not a random decision on the part of the grocery industry. As it turns out, color is one of the most effective tools that the markets have. In fact, a study found that companies can use colors to "increase or decrease appetite, enhance mood, calm down customers, and reduce perception of waiting time" (via Emerald Insight).
So, which of these does the red bag do?
Selling oranges in red bags has to do with color theory
The red bag actually makes the oranges look, well, orange. If you think about it, the brighter orange an orange or tangerine looks, the riper we interpret it to be. A yellow orange can be instantly written off as unripe. That's the theory behind the red bag — by placing the thin, overlapping lines of red mesh over the oranges, they appear to be less yellow and more orange in color, which makes us interpret them as being of a higher-quality (via Mental Floss). This means you're more likely to purchase a whole bag of oranges than, say, just a few that are stacked by themselves (since those won't look as bright), which in turn means more money for the supermarket.
It's so effective that if you were to put some lemons in the same red mesh bag, they would appear much more orange. This is also why lemons are usually sold in yellow or green mesh bags — to make them look as yellow and green as possible, respectively (via Reader's Digest).
How to see beyond the red mesh bag when buying oranges
What does all this mean for your buying decisions? After all, it's one thing to know the red bag secret, but how can you really tell which oranges are the ripest if the color can't be trusted?
Buying local and organic is always a good way to beat the system and ensure high-quality produce. If you can't make it to the farmers market, though, there are still a few tricks you can use. Taste of Home recommends squeezing the fruits to look for firmness, "heft" (the heavier they are, the more juice they contain), and a thinner skin to suss out the sweetest oranges. There should be a smoothness to the rind and no obvious soft spots. Finally, don't forget to stock up between mid-winter and early spring to get oranges in season.


Memory Alpha
Latha Mabrin
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Latha Mabrin
Latha Mabrin
Latha Mabrin was a Bajoran male who lived during the mid-24th century.
During the Occupation of Bajor he was a member of the Shakaar resistance cell at that time under the command of Shakaar Edon. He was a very violent man, acting as both a smuggler and an arms dealer, but after the occupation ended in 2369 he found the Prophets and became a Vedek.
He was murdered by Silaran Prin in 2373 via a small hunter probe while leading a ritual in preparation of the Days of Atonement at the Calash Monastery. (DS9: "The Darkness and the Light")
Latha was played by actor Matt Roe.
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The Pied Piper of Hamelin
In the town of Hamelin, the rich and greedy live like kings and queens while the poor and sick scavenge rubbish tips for scraps. A lame orphan boy tells the classic tale of how a plague of rats take over the town and how a fantastic piper offers to rid Hamelin of its rats for a single gold coin, then lures away the town's children when the greedy mayor breaks his word. Masterfully weaving contemporary social and environmental themes into a gripping tale, and celebrating it with breathtaking illustrations, former British Children's Laureate Michael Morpurgo and illustrator Emma Chichester Clark team up to create a compelling new take on this timeless story.
Teaching Resources
The Pied Piper of Hamelin Cover Sheet
The Pied Piper of Hamelin Classroom Resource
The Pied Piper of Hamelin Worksheet


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|This guidance document provides basic information about used oil management practices for used oil collection programs. The rules can be found in Title 128 – Nebraska Hazardous Waste Regulations.
Used Oil Collection
- Definition of used oil: Any oil that has been refined from crude oil or any synthetic oil that has been used, and as a result of such use, is contaminated by physical or chemical impurities. (Title 128, Chapter 1, §140)
- New oil is never considered "used oil."
- Examples of substances that are considered used oil and meet the used oil exemption:
- Spent oil from gasoline and diesel engines
- Spent refrigerant lubricating oil
- Spent lubricating oil from aircraft reciprocating and jet engines
- Spent hydraulic fluid
- Spent heat transfer fluids
- Spent transmission fluid
- Cutting oils
Examples of materials that are not used oil:
Used oil that exhibits one or more characteristics of hazardous waste but is recycled in some manner other than being burned for energy recovery is exempt from hazardous waste regulation (Title 128, Chapters 4, and 7 through 23).
Used oil mixed with a listed hazardous waste is a hazardous waste. In fact, if used oil contains more than 1000 ppm of total halogens it is presumed to be a hazardous waste on the assumption that it has been mixed with a halogenated hazardous waste listed in Title 128, Chapter 3, §013 through 016. This presumption may be rebutted. If a used oil collector accepts "rebutted presumption" used oil, we recommend that documentation be kept.
A used oil generator or collector who gives (or sells) used oil directly to an off-specification used oil marketer is not a marketer of used oil. (See page 3 for a discussion of off-specification used oil.) Obtain documentation. Documentation from the off-specification used oil marketer must indicate what he does with the used oil; that is, he does not burn the used oil for energy recovery himself. This documentation is standard in the used oil industry.
A collector of used oil is subject to the used oil marketer provisions of Title 128, Chapter 7, §010.04 if he provides that used oil directly to a person who burns used oil for energy recovery.
The analysis requirement at Title 128, Chapter 7, §010.04B1 may be skipped if the collector/generator stipulates the oil does not meet specification.
Used oil marketers must notify NDEQ of that activity. This notification is done using State of Nebraska Form 8700-12, "RCRA Subtitle C Site Identification Form" commonly referred to as the "Notification of Hazardous Waste Activity 8700-12 Form."
Used oil marketers must use an invoice system. When the marketer initiates a shipment of off-specification used oil, the marketer must send the receiving facility an invoice that has an invoice number, the marketers NDEQ ID #, the names and addresses of both the sending and receiving facilities, the quantity of the off-specification used oil, the date of shipment, and a statement that says "This used oil is subject to NDEQ regulation under Title 128, Chapter 7". A copy of the invoice must be kept for three years.
The marketer must obtain certain written and signed notices from the used oil burner to document the used oil is burned in a proper device. See Title 128, Chapter 7, §010.04B5.
If the marketer claims the used oil meets specification, the marketer must keep copies of the analysis that proves such for three years, maintain a log with certain required information, and provide a cross reference between the log and the used oil analysis.
A person may market off-specification used oil only to burners or other marketers who have notified NDEQ (or other authorized state/EPA) of used oil activities and who have a NDEQ identification number.
- Spent antifreeze
- Brake fluid
- Solvents of any kind
- Unused motor oil
Burning Used Oil
- Used oil burned for energy recovery is subject to the requirements of Title 128, Chapter 7, §010. This section includes:
- A prohibition against burning used oil mixed with hazardous waste, except under limited circumstances.
- A prohibition against burning off-specification used oil in a used oil fired space heater, except under limited circumstances.
- Requirements for generators of used oil burned for energy recovery.
- Requirements for used oil marketers (see discussion below).
- Requirements for burners of used oil.
Off-specification used oil is used oil that exceeds any one or more of the levels for the following:
Arsenic - 5 ppm
Cadmium - 2 ppm
Chromium - 10 ppm
Lead - 100 ppm
Flash Point - 100° F (minimum)
Total Halogens - 4,000 ppm
Used oil that is a hazardous waste solely because it exhibits a characteristic of hazardous waste may be burned for energy recovery if:
- It is not mixed with hazardous waste. This means the used oil may be a characteristic hazardous waste in its own right, but no additional hazardous waste may be added.
- The used oil contains hazardous waste generated SOLELY by a person subject to the requirements of a conditionally exempt small quantity generator (CESQG) of hazardous waste. A CESQG generates 220 pounds or less of hazardous waste per month.
- This means public utilities may burn used oil in their utility boilers for energy recovery if it is their own used oil or it is collected from: a) "do-it-yourself" (DIY) used oil generators; b) farmers who are CESQGs as well as DIY oil generators; c) other businesses who are CESQGs; and d) other businesses who generate hazardous waste above the CESQG level only if it can be confirmed their used oil has not been mixed with hazardous waste. If businesses that generate hazardous waste as small quantity generators (SQG) or large quantity generators (LQG) place hazardous waste in their used oil, their used oil is no longer regulated as used oil.
Off-specification used oil may be burned in oil-fired space heaters if the heater burns only used oil that the owner or operator generates, or used oil from do-it-yourself oil changers who generate the used oil as household waste. For example, a state agency that does oil changes can bring their own off-specification used oil to another of their facilities that has a used oil-fired space heater. That same agency cannot take that used oil to be burned in another state agency's used oil-fired space heater. Any of the above can burn do-it-yourself used oil, but be prepared to prove the do-it-yourself oil is what it claims to be. See below for transportation related issues.
Nebraska does not have any quantity limitations on used oil collection or transportation. A hazardous waste manifest is not required for transporting used oil in Nebraska. Transporters must comply with any appropriate Department of Transportation regulations. See the 49 CFR series. Collectors must comply with applicable State Fire Marshall requirements for storage of flammable and combustible materials.
HANDLING USED OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Storage and Collection
- Keep hazardous materials separate, properly labeled, and sealed in the recommended containers.
- Develop a system for monitoring incoming used oil. Locked collection ports can help prevent unwanted materials in your used oil.
- We recommend collection tanks have a clearly visible gage that shows the level of product in the tank and overfill protection. Continued overfilling of used oil collection tanks has occurred when there was no indication the tank was actually full.
- Containers and aboveground tanks used to store used oil shall be in good condition (no severe rusting, apparent structural defects or deterioration (T128, Ch7, §009.04A1); and not leaking (with no signs of visible leaks) (T128, Ch7, §009.04A2)
- Containers and aboveground tanks (and other receptacles of used oil) with a volume of 25 gallons or greater, shall be labeled or marked clearly with the words "Used Oil", T128, Ch7, §009.04A3
- The Department recommends that storage or collection areas be covered. The storage or collection location may need to be fenced and locked if vandalism could be a problem.
- Cap, label, cover, and properly store above-ground outdoor liquid containers and small tanks within a bermed area and on a paved impermeable surface, if possible. This practice helps to prevent spills from running into surface or ground water.
- If possible, store materials under a roof or tarpaulin to protect them from the elements and to prevent contaminated runoff.
- Sweep regularly.
- Inspect hazardous materials storage or collection areas at least weekly to ensure there are no leaks or spills.
- Inspect equipment such as pumps, pipes, storage tanks, valves, and material handling equipment for signs of corrosion, support or foundation failure, or other deterioration.
- Promptly clean up spilled materials to prevent runoff, tracking, and spoilage of other materials.
- Stock cleaning and spill response materials where they are readily available.
- Post reminders of good housekeeping practices.
- Provide instruction on securing containers.
- Schedule housekeeping duties and inspections to ensure good housekeeping is being accomplished.
- Maintain adequate aisle space between containers to facilitate material transfer, easy access to materials, and inspections.
- Close used oil containers between filling or emptying events.
- Store containers, drums, and bags away from direct traffic routes to prevent accidental damage or spills.
- Organize materials neatly for storage.
- Store incompatible materials separately.
- Stack containers according to manufacturer's instructions to avoid damage to containers from improper weight distribution.
- Store containers on pallets or in containment devices


text:
1. Introducing PASS
2. How a PASS Works
3. The Impact of PASS
4. PASS Candidates
5. Students & Transition Planning & PASS
6. When First Considering a PASS
7. The Occupational Goal
8. Starting a Business
9. A Viable Plan
10. The PASS Life
Amendments, such as changing the length of the PASS, can occur at any time during the life of a PASS but SSA must approve them. There is no limit to the number of amendments that can be approved. The key is to inform the SSA PASS expert so they can adjust the PASS accordingly.
SSA will suspend a PASS when the PASS is not terminated pursuant to the criteria discussed below and the criteria for extending a PASS are not met. A PASS may be suspended for up to 12 consecutive months. If not resumed, within this period it will be terminated.
A PASS terminates when one of the following events occurs:
MAY WANT TO CONSIDER INFO INSERTED HERE ON PASS SUSPENSIONS, AMENDMENTS, ETC


text:
'Diffuse' vs. 'Defuse'
What to Know
Diffuse can be used as a verb meaning "to spread out" or an adjective meaning "spread out" or "not concentrated." It is often confused with defuse which can only be a verb originally meaning "to take the fuse off a bomb" but now usually means "to make less dangerous or tense."
Meaning of Diffuse
First off, only one is ever an adjective: diffuse as an adjective most often means "not concentrated or localized," as in "diffuse lighting" or "a diffuse scent." It also means "being at once verbose and ill-organized," as in "a diffuse explanation that failed to provide any information." It comes from a Latin word meaning "to spread out."
It's when we venture into verb territory, though, that things can get muddled. Diffuse the verb comes directly from the adjective: something diffuse can be said to have diffused or been diffused. That is, it has spread out, or has been spread out, both literally and figuratively. Consider the following undeniably difficult situation:
My roommate's incessantly burning incense diffuses throughout the apartment.
My roommate wants the incessantly burning incense to diffuse more evenly throughout the apartment, but I do not.
My hatred for the scent of the incessantly burning incense is fueling a resentment that is diffusing through the relationship like a painful canker.
Sounds like things are getting tense with these roomies. Perhaps there's a way to, ahem, diffuse the situation.
But that, dear friends, is NOT it. One does not diffuse a situation, unless one is spreading it out, which, we assert, is hard to do. No, the word called for in the sentence above is defuse. It's an entirely different word, although it sounds almost identical to diffuse:
Meaning of Defuse
Defuse is a World War II relic, and in its original meaning it is merely a sum of its parts: deand fuse. It means "to remove the fuse from (a mine, a bomb, etc.)." Its figurative meaning developed quickly after, and is now the meaning most of us are most likely to encounter: "to make less harmful, potent, or tense."
While situations are hard to spread, situations can, with a little luck, be made less tense, which is why when it comes to dealing with situations, defuse is your word.
In summary: Diffuse is both a verb and an adjective, and refers to the spreading of something, or making it less concentrated. Defuse functions only as a verb and means "to remove the fuse from something."


text:
noun (plural bilbies)
- another term for rabbit-eared bandicoot.More example sentences
- If you look at just the numbers of small native animals like woylies and potoroos and bilbies, at the end of '98 we had 900, 2001, three years later we had 2,500.
- Tragically though, sanctuaries like this are becoming the only place to see creatures such as bilbies, bettongs and bandicoots.
- I mean, we have an enormous wealth of reptiles, the richest in the world, our insects are amazing, our marsupials, our numbats and our bandicoots and our bilbies - how many people have seen a bilby or know what a bilby is?
late 19th century: probably from an Aboriginal language.


text:
It is not just people crossing the ditch – a little New Zealand fern has also emigrated to Australia, and not just once but twice.
This is the first known case amongst ferns or seed plants of the same species dispersing twice across the Tasman Sea.
Hooker's spleenwort fern, or Asplenium hookerianum, is a close relative of the hen & chickens ferns. Hooker's spleenwort is widespread and common in New Zealand, but rare in Australia, with only a few, small populations in each of Victoria and Tasmania.
DNA analyses of the populations of Hooker's spleenwort were carried out by researchers from Te Papa, Massey University, and the University of Melbourne.
26 genetic variants were found in New Zealand, but only one each in Victoria and Tasmania. Not only are the Australian variants at the tips of the genetic family tree, they are more closely related to variants in New Zealand than to each other.
Many plant species are known to have dispersed across the Tasman Sea, in either direction. Numerous New Zealand species also occur in Australia (about 50% in ferns), and more have close relatives there. But, it remains an open question how common multiple dispersals within a species are.


Definition of across preposition from the Oxford Advanced American Dictionary
 jump to other results
 1. 1from one side to the other side of something He walked across the field. I drew a line across the page. A grin spread across her face. Where's the nearest bridge across the river?
 2. 2on the other side of something There's a bank right across the street.
 3. 3 on or over a part of the body He hit him across the face. It's too tight across the back.
 4. 4in every part of a place, group of people, etc. synonym throughout Her family is scattered across the country. This view is common across all sections of the community.
See the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary entry: across


text:
An air bubble of volume 21 cm3 is at the bottom of a lake 40 m deep where the temperature is 3.0°C. The bubble rises to the surface, which is at a temperature of 25°C. Take the temperature of the bubble to be the same as that of the surrounding water. What is the volume of the bubble just as it reaches the surface?
Answer in cm^3


CPU Case fan: What is Positive, Neutral, and Negative Pressure?
The Cooling system in your PC depends on a lot of configurations. Such as Case configurations, Fan layout, and the Type of Pressure inside the case. Out of these, the most important is the Pressure because it can change the effects you can have on your PC.
So here we are going to talk about the Positive Pressure, Neutral Pressure, and Negative Pressure and what it does means for your Cooling System?
The very first you get when you are trying to build a PC is the Case or Cabinet or Chassis or whatever you call it. The case serves multiple purposes:
1. It houses all of your other computer parts.
2. It creates a cooling environment.
So by creating a cooling environment, the case gives you full control over the AirFlow.
Do you know? The Radiator and Processor is not the only component which is needed to be, but there are a lot of other elements which requires the AirFlow for the Transfer of heat.
The Question Arises here is how does the system get heats up?
It because of the Radiation, where the heat from the components gets radiated into the Atmosphere which is needed to remove from your Case.
What is Positive, Neutral, and Negative Pressure?
Positive Pressure
Positive Pressure means you have more intake of air than the air which exhausts. Or in Simple Words, you have more air entering the case than the air which is going out. Now when there is more air in the Cooling environment, how does it get out? The air moves out via the vents in the bottom of the vents on the back and top, vents where you have the slots or other holes in your Case and so on. Positive pressure only removes specks of dust from the system when the vents you have contains a dust filter.
Neutral Pressure
As you guys might have already guessed, Neutral Pressure means you have the Same amount of Air intake and the same amount of Air exhaust. This effect neither creates Positive Pressure nor Negative pressure as the Air which is entering the case is the same as the Air which goes out of the fact.
Negative Pressure
In the case of Negative Pressure, More amount of Air gets exhausted than the Air intake. So when you remove more air out than the Air which comes in the case, the air vents in your case becomes intake and comes in through the same vents, gaps, and holes just like Positive Pressure. Why? Because it has to draw air from somewhere in other to exhaust it.
Why do we care about these things?
There are specific reasons like:
1. Temperature Control
2. Dust Control
If you can manage more cool air entering the case, then you will have the much better cooling environment. Dust Control is also an important thing one should care about when it comes to Positive and Negative pressure.
Creating a positive pressure has certain advantages, it provides a much better cooling environment, and it keeps your vents as out-take and helps you reduce dusts in your computer because that's where most of the sand enters your cooling environment.
You can have Positive pressure in your case by having a CPU Case fan with Higher RPM (Rotation per minute) in the front than the back. So you have more Air in and less air Out.
On the other hand, Negative pressure makes the system pulls more air from the side and creates more restrictions it also sucks in more dust in and might block the fans and decrease the cooling ability of your system.
So Positive Pressure is something you should go for because neutral pressure is tough to achieve these days.
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text:
The dart flight is one of the most essential parts of the dart. The flight helps to keep the dart stabilized, allowing it to keep a consistent flight path. It works by cutting through and dividing the airflow, reducing drag.
With such importance put on the dart flight, you'll want to ensure that your flights are kept in perfect condition. In which case, we'd recommend something called a dart flight protector.
We've highlighted some of the main features of dart flight protectors, below.
Why use a Dart Flight Protector?
The most pivotal role played by flight protectors is to keep your flights in their original shape. Although there isn't a perfect flight shape that is suitable for all types of darts, you must keep your flights free from becoming bent or damaged to maintain optimum performance.
This is the where your dart flight protectors come in. By using a perfect flight protector, you can maintain that the flight holds it's desired shape.
How to Use a Flight Protector
When fitting your flight protectors, it is essential to follow a set of standards, these include:
- Make sure to maintain the same flight shape with all 3 of your darts
- Avoid changing the flight shape frequently
- Try to spread the dart flight yourself before using a flight protector
Keeping the flights in the uniform 'X' shape guarantees the perfect flight of your dart. However, there are numerous shapes of flights, such as: Kite, Pear, and Electro. Flight protectors are easy to use. You just need to clip it around the flight.
Benefits of Using Flight Protectors
Using a flight protector can be beneficial in many ways. Firstly, it helps your flight to maintain a good shape, even after prolonged use. As a result, the dart will continue to fly with an aerodynamic shape, minimizing the chances of drag and air resistance.
Furthermore, using a flight protector will also reduce the unwanted movement of the dart, once it's airborne. Enhancing your chances of hitting the desired target.
Below are some other benefits of using flight protectors:
- Flight protectors prevent the flight from any damage
- Keeps the flight wings in their original shape
- Sticks to the dart flight securely
- Very cheap
No doubt, dart flights offer a wide range of advantages. Plus, they're cheap and really easy to install. Therefore, you'd be stupid not to purchase them to protect your own set of darts. Here's a cheap set we found on Amazon.


Auto-splitting video file in equal chunks with ffmpeg and python
UPDATE: The source code for this simple script has been moved to GitHub, get it here:
Recently I needed to upload a whole bunch of long video files. Maximum allowed length for each video was just few minutes, while the actual length of files I tried to upload were about an hour each. FFmpeg is really great for splitting the video files and Python is quite handy for automating the task. Combining two together in this handy little script(see below). The script below takes a video file and a chunk size in seconds and splits the video file into chunks using ffmpeg, so each chunk is self contained, playable video.
Source code:
#!/usr/bin/env python
import subprocess
import re
import math
from optparse import OptionParser
re_length = re.compile(length_regexp)
def main():
 (filename, split_length) = parse_options()
 if split_length <= 0:
 print "Split length can't be 0"
 raise SystemExit
 shell = True,
 stdout = subprocess.PIPE
 print output
 matches =
 if matches:
 video_length = int( * 3600 + \
 int( * 60 + \
 print "Can't determine video length."
 raise SystemExit
 split_count = math.ceil(video_length/float(split_length))
 if(split_count == 1):
 raise SystemExit
 for n in range(0, split_count):
 split_str = ""
 if n == 0:
 split_start = 0
 split_start = split_length * n
 print "About to run: "+split_cmd+split_str
def parse_options():
 parser = OptionParser()
 dest = "filename",
 help = "file to split, for example sample.avi",
 type = "string",
 action = "store"
 dest = "split_size",
 type = "int",
 action = "store"
 (options, args) = parser.parse_args()
 if options.filename and options.split_size:
 return (options.filename, options.split_size)
 raise SystemExit
if __name__ == '__main__':
 except Exception, e:
 print "Exception occured running main():"
 print str(e)
Or download it here: splitting video file script link
18 thoughts on "Auto-splitting video file in equal chunks with ffmpeg and python
 1. Hi there,
 I found this blog entry to be just what i needed. I am currently trying to split a single video file into several pieces. However, after tinkering around with your script, i have a few questions that i need help with:
 1. What video files is the script meant for? I tinkered with AVI, MOV, and WMV so far, and i'm not having much luck getting mov and wmv to split and play correctly.
 2. Although my avi file does get split, i hit two problems:
 ___a. some of the split files aren't the correct chunk size (ie. i had the split_size = 30 (seconds), yet some of the files were 60 or more
 ___b. the first split file played the video correctly, but the rest merely displayed a still image and audio continued. Know what is happening?
 3. Could you point me in the right direction to learn more about ffmpeg btw?
 Thanks again for this entry and your help in advance.
 Please let me know! And please don't consider this spam!
 2. Hey Matt,
 Glad that you found this useful.
 In regards to your questions:
 1. This script is really just a convenience wrapper around FFmpeg, so you can use whatever formats your install of ffmpeg supports. To add support for more formats you may need to recompile ffmpeg. For mov and wmv you need to make sure you have appropriate codes. I think you need libx264 for mov. Not sure what you need to wmv. Try googling ffmpeg wmv or something like that
 2. This might be a bug… or your ffmpeg missing some libs. Can you upload your avi file to something like http// and give me a link to take a look at? Also what command line params did u use?
 3. FFmpeg docs are pretty good – but might be a bit rigid. Just google for ffmpeg commands to get a bunch of articles about various handy things you can do with it
 3. I've also found that splitting WMV's does not seem to work. No matter what you specify in the -t option, it will always encode the whole video (which I believe is a bug in ffmpeg).
 4. I know this is somewhat late from when this was originally posted, but for me this script raises an invalid range() argument exception – math.ceil() returns a float (at least for me in python 2.7.1 and all 2.x.x as far as I recall). Thus line 33 should read:
 5. The script should also set '-acodec copy' so that the audio is not re-encoded when the file is split up. Just split the audio with the video.
 Also, the range error is still broken – can you update that?
 6. I put the int fix in and added -acodec copy but also changed ffmpeg instances to avconv. Worked on large mp4 videos.
 Thanks very much for the script.
 Now I can incorporate it all into a batch spilitter in bash.
 7. Pingback: Application for slicing video [duplicate] | XL-UAT
 8. Pingback: Using Python script to cut long videos into chunks in FFMPEG | 我爱源码网
 9. Pingback: Using Python script to cut long videos into chunks in FFMPEG | FYTRO SPORTS
 10. Pingback: Splitting an MP4 file | XL-UAT
 11. Pingback: What to use to quickly cut Audio/Video - Popular Ubuntu Questions
 12. My brother suggested I might like this web site.
 info! Thank you!
 13. Pingback: Ubuntu:What to use to quickly cut Audio/Video – Ubuntu Linux Questions
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Curious about how others would solve this question: What is the number of people aged between 0-20 in Dubai.
Market sizing
New answer on Jan 27, 2020
3 Answers
Anonymous A asked on Jan 27, 2020
Overview of answers
 - Upvotes
 - Date ascending
 - Date descending
Content Creator
replied on Jan 27, 2020
There are multiple sources:
 - Population - you simply divide the population by the average life expectancy and then multiply by 20
 - Tourists - you assume that every 5th person you see in Dubai is a tourist and out of them x% are 0-20
Was this answer helpful?
Anonymous A on Jan 30, 2020
Thank you, Vlad! In the case of the UAE where the population is significantly young, assuming an equal age distribution won't work. How would you change your approach?
Udayan on Feb 13, 2020
That is relevant information - just adjust with what you think is most reasonable. For example distribute population 0-20 as being 30% of the population vs 25% if you take a life expectancy of 80
updated an answer on Jan 27, 2020
The structure mentioned in the previous answer is a good approach for most of the cities/countries. However, for hot tourist destinations like Dubai, one needs to consider the number of tourists that visit that particular city/country in a year.
On average, Dubai gets 12 million tourists (nearly four times the population of Dubai). If you use the similar approach and add that number to the one mentioned in the other answer, you arrive at the approximate number. Feel free to change assumptions regarding age distribution and life expectancy of tourists (Wouldn't change by more than 10-15% anyway).
Was this answer helpful?
Anonymous B replied on Jan 27, 2020
For this, I would lay the structure and assumption down as follows
# of people aged between 0-20 = (Total Population of Dubai / Avg. life span of the local population or the world) * # of years (0-20)
Key assumption, people distribution of ages are even across the board. Stating, that there are the same number of people at every 1 year.
# of people aged between 0-20 = ( (assumed) 3.5M / (assumed) 75 ) * 20
= 0.93M
Note, for this market sizing you should be aware of what the population of Dubai is, or approximate of it. Also 75-80 years is the average lifespan globally, this can vary by region.
Was this answer helpful?


How to Identify the Age of a Windsor Chair
By Jan Czech
Windsor chairs, backs
chair image by hazel proudlove from
Windsor chairs were first manufactured in England in the early 18th century and are named after the English village where they were first made. Around 1740 they were produced in America, first in Philadelphia. As their popularity grew, they could be found in all areas of the country. Windsor chairs come in many shapes, colors and sizes. They are used as dining chairs, side chairs, writing chairs and high chairs. These versatile chairs have not gone out of style and have been in production for over 300 years.
Research Windsor chairs. Before you can accurately determine the age of a Windsor chair, it is imperative that you do your homework. Consult reference books on the topic like, "Windsor Chairs" by Wallace Nutting, and go to websites like Kovels that are devoted to antiques. Visit museums that feature exhibits on early American life. Talk to dealers and collectors.
Examine the chair's construction. An early English Windsor chair will have turned sticks driven through the plant seat to form legs. Above the seat the sticks will connect with a hoop to form the back and arm supports. These chairs had no stretchers, which are horizontal dowels that connect the legs, and no nails were used to hold the chair together
Look at the chair's legs. An American Windsor will have angled legs, whereas the English chair legs were straight.
Check the chair's plank seat to see how thick it is. Generally, older chairs will have thicker seats.
Count the chair's spindles. Generally, the older chairs will have the most spindles.
Study the chair's composition. Windsor chairs were crafted from a variety of woods like pine and birch, with more than one type used in a single chair. A chair with mahogany parts can be dated to the late 19th century because mahogany was difficult to obtain before then.
Determine how the chair is finished. Windsor chairs were painted to hide the variety of woods used to make them and are found most commonly in green, but other colors include shades of red, blue and yellow. A clear finish is rare and may mean the chair has been stripped and refinished.
Consult an expert. Ultimately, an expert on Windsor chairs is the only person who can definitively date your Windsor chair and tell if it is original or a well crafted reproduction.
About the Author


Mandibular Incisors, Cuspids, and Bicuspids
Dental Extraction Forceps for Lower Jaw
Two commonly used extraction forceps for the mandibular anteriors and bicuspids are
Dental Forceps No. 151
Forceps No. 151 are used primarily to extract mandibular anteriors, bicuspids, and roots and are often known as the mandibular universal forceps. These forceps are similar to the Dental Forceps No. 150 forceps except the beaks are set at an angle opposite to the slightly curved handles.
Dental Forceps No. 203
Dental Forceps No. 203 are used on mandibular anterior, bicuspids, and roots. These forceps are like the #101 (mentioned later), except the beaks are more sharply angled from the handles. Like the #101 handles, the #203 handles are straight (fig. 5-40).


text:
The speed of a snake depends on the species and size. On average, the fastest a snake moves is between 5 and 8 mph. The world's fastest snake is the Black Mamba, which can reach speeds of 10 to 12 mph in short bursts.
Snakes utilize different forms of movement, depending on their environment. The most common form is lateral undulation, which is used on land and water. The snake flexes its body from left to right and creates a wave-like motion that propels it forward, moving it about two body lengths per second.
Terrestrial lateral undulation uses the same motion, but the snake pushes against small objects in its path, such as rocks, trees or clumps of dirt. At each point where the snake's body touches the objects, it thrusts forward, creating more momentum and faster speeds. This is the fastest way snakes move, gaining up to eight body lengths a second.
Snakes use sidewinding when surfaces are smooth and they lack objects to push against, such as on sand dunes. A sidewinding snake uses the left-right motion of the lateral undulation, but one-half of the body pushes to the ground while the other is lifted into the air. The alternating motion moves the snake forward like a rolling wave.


text:
Rollingword: a website about words.
For more words, see the search page.
Tendency [to a particular kind of behavior.
英语解释:a natural tendency to behave in a particular way
常见翻译:倾向; 癖好; 脾性
A person's propensity to joke is their natural tendency to joke, that is, they have the behavior of joking. A person has a propensity to lie if they have the natural tendency to lie with or without good reasons. If a person makes much of very little things, they have the propensity to exaggerate.
- The teacher noticed in the boy a propensity to bully others. Not a day passed without his bullying his class mates especially the milder pupils of the class.
- His propensity to jokes was so strong that even in the most serious situation he would joke and that irritated others.


Trystan Spangler | 3 Sep 18:27 2011
ANNOUNCE: hspec-0.8.0 (command line runner and nested specs)
hspec version 0.8.0, Behavior Driven Development for Haskell, is now available!
This latest release includes a command line runner that can search through directory trees for specs and support for nested specs.
From the hspec specs:
the "describe" function - takes a description of what the behavior is for - groups behaviors for what's being described a nested description - has it's own specs - may be displayed indented
And from the hspec command line runner:
hspec searches through files or folders and runs any top level declarations with a type of 'Specs' or 'IO Specs'. Monadic specs must be fully qualified, list-based specs may be qualified or not. You can specify specific *.hs files or directories to search through or let hspec search the current directory tree for specs to run. usage: hspec [OPTIONS] [TARGET_LIST] -f FORMAT --format=FORMAT Specifies what format to use for output. By default the specdoc format is used. FORMAT can be silent, progress, specdoc, or failed_examples. -o FILE_NAME --output=FILE_NAME Specifies the file to use for output. By default output is directed to stdout. FILE_NAME can be stdout or stderr for those handles. -e REGEX --example=REGEX Only execute examples with a matching description. By default all examples are executed. -c TRUE|FALSE --color=TRUE|FALSE Force output to have or not have red and green color. By default color is only used when output is directed to stdout. --runfile=FILE_NAME Use a specific file to log the last run results. This is read when using the --rerun option. By default the file ".hspecLastRun" logs the last run results. -r RERUNOPT --rerun=RERUNOPT Rerun a specific subset of specs. This looks at the last run file specified by -runfile. RERUNOPT can be "all" or "failed". By default the last run file is ignored and all specs are run. -h, -? --help Display this help. -v --verbose Display detailed information about what hspec is doing. --specs Include the specs for the hspec command line runner itself. When used, the target list will not default to the current directory. A non-empty target list will still be searched though.
Trystan Spangler
Haskell mailing list
Haskell


text:
Gravissimum Educationis (Declaration on Christian Education)
October 28, 1965
Gravissimum Educationis (Declaration on Christian Education) is a declaration released during the Second Vatican Council in 1965 that primarily addresses education, particularly by the Catholic Church. Gravissimum Educationis reaffirms the Church's commitment to provide a Catholic education for children at every level (from primary school to universities). It argues that every person has a right to an education, including a religious one, and that the Church has a responsibility to educate in both religious and secular terms. The declaration also states that it is the responsibility of the parents to educate and create an atmosphere of learning about religion, secular subjects, and civic virtues. In addition, Gravissimum Educationis calls for moral teachings in public schools and the placement of Catholic schools in and for non-Catholic regions.


text:
PaperCut includes Find Me printing which solves the problem of locating the closest printer from a host of available devices. It is a roaming print service that allows print jobs to find users based on their physical location. It is sometimes referred to as "Pull Printing", "Push Printing" or "Follow Me" printing. It is an ideal solution for large sites operating a common printer fleet.
Users simply print to a single global virtual queue then go to a print release station and release their print job(s).
Printer Load Balancing
Printer load balancing automatically distributes print jobs between two or more printers. Load balancing is generally used to equally distribute print jobs across a pool of printers saving valuable time in document output for the user and at the same time balancing the wear and tear among printer devices. Load balancing can be implemented in PaperCut as part of Find Me Printing or separately without the need for release stations in a direct printing environment.
Clustering allows your organisation to ensure your printing services are not affected if anything should happen to your main server. PaperCut is a cluster compatible application and is supported under Windows (Microsoft Cluster Server / MSCS, Microsoft Failover Cluster Manager / MSFCM, Vetitas Cluster Server / VCS) and Linux (Novell Cluster Services / NCS, Linux-HA) at all levels of the application, including:
- Clustering at the print spooler service layer by integrating with clustering services
- Failover based clustering at the Application Server layer using clustering services
- At the database layer by utilising cluster aware databases such as Microsoft SQL Server, PostgreSQL or Oracle


What Does The Name Erasmus Mean?
1 Answers
Yooti Bhansali Profile
Yooti Bhansali answered
The name 'Erasmus' is a name for a male originating from the Greek word 'erasmios' which means 'beloved'.
Saint Erasmus was a martyr from the third century who is regarded as the patron saint by sailors.
Erasmus was also the name of a Dutch scholar, humanist and theologian who was prominent during the Renaissance period. His writing was in pure Latin form. Although he was a Roman Catholic all his life, he was a stern critic of what he regarded as the excesses of the Roman Catholic Church. He made new Latin as well as Greek editions of the New Testament.
Martin Luther's movement started in the year after the New Testament was published and greatly tested the strength of Erasmus's character. Erasmus admired Luther, but was averse to partisanship. His hesitation to support Luther led Luther that Erasmus was a coward or purposeless.
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The Bird That Clung To The Nest - PDF Preview
The Bird That Clung To The Nest
The Bird That Clung To The Nest
This is a comical children's book written to enhance one's vocabulary. It is a story about a birdie named "Eddy" that comes into the world as a little different and has troubles tweeting like the other birds.


What is the cost of owning a cat? Information for beginners
Cats make amazing pets for everyone, but what is the cost of owning a cat? By recognizing it, many pet owners can offer their cats the best possible care.
How much does it cost to have a cat?
Having a cat at home is one of the most rewarding experiences for every household. But the cost of owning a cat should be an important thing to consider. It's highly variable as it comes to cat ownership. The cost matters a lot because it affects straight the quality and kind of pet care that your cat might receive. For some people, their love for cats is the biggest concern instead of the cost.
However, knowing that cats costing a great deal would help all cat owners find the best plan to get well-prepared. That helps them offer the essential care for their pets.
==> Can cats see ghosts? Let's find out this mysterious question.
==> How To Give Cool Cat Names To Your Pets?
What is the cost of owning a cat?
The average cost of owning a cat is around $809 per year. Since every cat can live from 9 to 15 years. As a result, you will need to spend a lifetime cost of $7,646 to $12,500. In reality, a few cat breeds probably end up costing you about $33.408! Bear in mind that most feline buddies tend to live for 18 years. Therefore, before getting a cat, it's best to consider the costs of raising them for that period.
cost of owning a cat
For details, we'd like to list out the average expenses of owning a cat:
Cost of buying a cat
If you intend to buy a domestic cat from a well-known breeder or a reliable rescue home, it would be from $70 to $208. You could spend more than that, with the price of over $1392 on Maine Coon, Russian Blue, and Norwegian Forest cats. Besides, several families are finding their beloved furry friends on the streets. And guess what? Both adoption cost and vaccination cost possibly go up.
For older cats, the cost of cat adoption would be as low as $50 only. Besides, it depends on where you adopt the animal from. What if you've just adopted from a shelter? Then go to save as much as $200, following the claim of a doctor of vet medicine in Manhattan, Kansas. In case you're a vet, then it's possible for you earn a discount on adoption fees.
Cost of caring for a cat
Now it comes to how much do your cats cost to take care of? It depends on. So one of the best ways to save more on vet costs would be to maintain your cat as healthy as possible in the first place. What's else? Never think of skipping any vet visit and always get updated with vaccines. As you know, every emergency clinic service is quite expensive, so make frequent visits to the vet center would keep them strong.
Along with that, all cat owners can check pet insurance. Doing that will help them set aside for unwanted illnesses for that long. Those plans cost around $10 – $40 and will cover different needs. In short, the cost of a cat's healthcare varies from one pet to another. It bases on some particular elements, such as genetic predispositions, breed, and whether your cat is an indoor or outdoor one.
Cost of feeding a cat
=> Keeping Track Your Budget With The Best Cheap Cat Food
cost of owning a cat
Your cat needs its food to gain all the essential nutrients they require. Thus, costs vary remarkably by brand, the size of the cat, and its lifestyle. A cat adult needs to consume 2 pouches of wet food and 20 g of dry food every day.
Note that feeding a cat usually costs you less than feeding a dog. But the food bill remains a crucial part not to be missed here. Each year, you can expect to spend from $140 to $278 based on what type of cat food you're purchasing. Only decent food for cats is good for the pet's health though it might cost more than expected. Also, ensure to check the ingredients to ensure you're owning a higher content of meat.
In case you don't know, it's best to control the cost of preparing cat raw food. To do that, make sure to get from reliable or well-known suppliers. You can easily save some dollars at the supermarkets when doing so. Let's get raw meat in bulk, and don't forget to use more discount offers if possible. Go for affordable cuts of meat.
Cost of cat toys and bed
=> Best Cheap Cat Beds in 2021: Reviews and Buying Guide
There are so many extra costs as it comes to owning a cat. Not only does your cat need the essential things, like a bed, there are also more important things like litter trays. And it might cost you around $278 per year to cover those expenses. Must-have items you cannot ignore to keep a healthy lifestyle for your cat are scratching posts. Well, it still depends on you and your cat.
However, to help maintain your furniture from getting damaged or scratched up, getting them toys is a great idea. Some people would spend $25 only a year on cat toys, and they also have the feather toy. Instead of it, let your cat enjoy its great time with an empty box or an empty bag. For its more fun, how about chasing your feline friend around the house?
cost of owning a cat
Cost of cat insurance
It's the same as when you need health insurance, your kitty also needs health insurance. Most pet insurance costs vary depending on the cat breed and the insurer. A cat owner is likely to spend $252 per year. Like I said, to keep the costs down, let's keep your cat as healthy as you can right from the day of its birth or adoption.
Premium tends to increase much once the pet turns 6 or 7. Next, you probably struggle to get insurance as they turn to 8 or 9. We recommend you to earn a one-year policy in the early times. Before choosing any policy, consider the maximum payout every year and the reimbursement rate.
Cost of cat vaccinations
As a cat owner, you might like to keep your pet vaccinated to fight against rabies and other respiratory illnesses. It costs about $80 on vaccinations for kitties in their early years. Afterwards, the costs decreases to $50 per year to keep a healthy cat for you. Try to search more information on the internet for low-cost health clinics that offer pet vaccinations.
If you're adopting it, the adoption center would inform you about these clinics. To help protect your kittens, they need two sets of vaccinations for startup. At nine weeks old, your pet must have the first set while the second set should get done at their three months old. Those sets help them enhance the immune system.
Cost of cat grooming
cost of owning a cat
=> Shrinking From Cat Shedding Hair With The Best Cat Self Groomers
Every domestic cat needs frequent brushing to prevent mats from sticking to its coat. Grooming criteria would depend on the breed of your cat, and its coat. The average cost of cat grooming is around $50 with pet owners who have to spend from $30 to $70. A few other facilities might charge you for a package while others provide you with a basic bath only.
Keep in mind that frequent grooming will help lower cat hair allergens in the house, so make it easier for your cat to groom by itself. Once cats do it themselves, their tongues can draw fur in. Long-haired cats need more grooming, and pet owners always want to take them to get groomed professionally. The longer your cat's hair, the more difficult the task of grooming and the higher the price.
Cost of getting a cat neutered
For those who encounter a box of kitties, or let a stray cat enter your house, then you're responsible for getting it neutered and vaccinated. Such a surgery costs $300 in a total. There's another option for you to take your kitten to a lower-cost clinic. This gets run by nonprofits and every surgery gets carried out by licensed vets.
The cost of neutering increases up if you want your vet to microchip the pet in the surgery. Your vet can insert a little microchip under the skin of your cat. When your cat is lost, this microchip can get scanned, and then your pet is claimed to get back to you. The cost of inserting this chip is around $14, and this cost might vary.
Final words
In general, you probably get the answer to the question "what is the cost of owning a cat?". The average cost of a cat varies based on the breed of cat, age, and your lifestyle. For the basics, it costs in a minimum of $405 for the initial year, and about $340 for every year after. By knowing these costs, you and other pet owners no longer get surprised at how much it costs to have a cat per year.
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text:
Texas Southern University's (NAACP) chapter has spread the word on the importance of voting this midterm election. Throughout the campus and nearby neighborhoods chants of encouragement and excitement filled the air of Houston.
TSU's NAACP members met at the student center, organized and began the march to the neighborhood voting polls. NAACP members and TSU students shouted historical chants, held signs to encourage people to vote and reminded everyone of the meaning of Election Day. Once the group made it to the polling booths at Lockhart Elementary, students entered the school and casted their votes.


Angus Australia
Contractural arachnodactyly (CA)
Congenital contractural arachnodactyly (CA) also known as 'Fawn calf syndrome' was first identified in Victoria in 1998.
The condition causes development defects within the calves, which are typically born alive, with most surviving to maturity. CA calves appear visibly abnormal with restricted movement caused by reduced elasticity of the connective tissue. Calves will display restricted movement within their front legs, their hind legs will be set back behind them (hyperextension) and will display an upward arching of their spine.
The visible symptoms of the condition become increasingly difficult to detect as the animal grows and the ability for these features to improve over time, is an important characteristic of diagnosing the condition.
CA is controlled by a simple recessive mutation.
Further reading
American Angus Association NSW DPI


text:
1. How the releaser gets rights for release deed to mention it very clearly. Wording and sentence of this should be very precise and clear.
2. The Proper description of the property on which property rights get a release from releaser. For example, releaser going to release the property then describe the land four boundaries of land, Area, Local name, Survey number, pothissa number, Tehsil, District everything in detail.
3. Reasons behind this release deed should be neat, clear and do not have any ambiguity.
4. The release deed language should be easy to understand and meaning of this should be very clear and honest so that afterwards there is no chance of any dispute.
5. Release deed must register in the presence of witnesses with there sign. If the release deed from a woman then its always better the witness is her husband or her son, Her daughter etc.
6. Write the proper name, address, age, sign and thumb of release and releaser.
7. Write the witness with their name, address and sign.
Instead of this releaser must be eligible to release and he/she not in pressure to do it. The said person should not be minor or mad.


How to Tighten a Drive Belt on a Craftsman Riding Lawnmower, step by step
Ever witnessed your Craftsman lawnmower not mowing properly or leaving patches of uncut grass? A loose drive belt might be the very reason. Luckily, the entire process is relatively easy, and all you'll need for the adjustment is just a socket wrench. If you've never performed self-maintenance on your Craftsman lawnmower before, then don't worry as we dissect this information for you in a step-by-step approach.
How to tighten a drive belt on a Craftsman riding lawnmower, step by step:
 - Step 1: Test the tension in your existing lawnmower drive belt
 - Step 2: Inspect the components on the mower such as the pulleys, belt, spring, and swingarm and check for any damage
 - Step 3: Pull back the clamp holding the cable and tighten it so that the spring attached to it is stretched
 - Step 4: Start the engine and engage the blade lever to check for the belt operation after adjustment
How to Tighten a Drive Belt on a Craftsman Riding Lawnmower, step by step 1
Drive belts are components that connect the engine's transmission shaft to the transaxle pulley and are responsible for the transmission of torque and power to the blades. It is situated underneath the mowing deck in case of riding lawnmowers. The belts usually wear out after continued use. Due to elongation in their tensile cords, drive belts have been known to become loose with time. Most often, the remedy is a replacement. However, in cases when elongation isn't much, you can always adjust the belt tension, and we are looking at that in this article.
The article covers all the steps needed to tighten the drive belt in case of your Craftsman lawnmower. Furthermore, we also provide a brief overview of some frequently asked questions regarding drive belts and lawnmowers. Stay tuned.
Troubleshooting and Adjusting the Drive Belt on a Craftsman Riding Lawnmower, step-by-step:
The steps that need to be followed for fixing the Craftsman lawnmower drive-belt are mentioned below:
- Step 1: Test current drive belt for operation:
Before we dig into it, we first need to see whether the current drive belt is worth tightening or not. Most Craftsman models have a blade engagement lever next to the steering wheel. After the cutting deck is lowered on the ground, the lever engages the blades to make contact with the grass and perform their function.
To see if your current drive belt is loose or not, start your engine and push your throttle lever to the highest. Next, engage the cutting blades by pushing the lever upwards. If you hear the blades' cutting sound right after you push the engagement lever, it indicates that the drive belt has the requisite tension in it and doesn't need any adjustment. However, if you notice that the blades aren't cutting the grass after the very instant you push the lever and give a whirring sound, it means that your drive belt is slipping, thus pointing out the need for adjustment or replacement.
- Step 2: Inspect the mower deck components:
As we've seen, the drive belt is slipping; we need to troubleshoot this for the components located on the mower deck. To do this, lower the deck as much as you can and pull back your blade engagement lever. Then, you need to inspect the following components:
Belt: Make sure that your drive belt is intact and doesn't appear damaged with chunks missing and cracks. If it seems damaged, then you should replace it right away.
Swingarm: The swingarm is a component on the deck where the springs are connected, and a pulley is mounted. The arm is pivoted at one end and free to rotate at the other end. Make sure that the arm is free to rotate. If it is not, drop some oil or a lubricant at the pivoted end, which might have been jammed.
After the above components are functioning correctly, push the lever again to engage the blades.
Spring: The cable that comes from the lever is connected to a spring. Touch the spring to see if it's completely stretched or loose. Also, touch your belt at the same time and notice if it appears loose. If it does, we shall move on towards the next step, adjusting the belt tension.
- Step 3: Tighten the belt by adjusting the cable:
After you've seen your belt loosened up, disengage the blade lever again. You would have noticed the wire that comes from the blade lever and is attached to the springs. On the deck, it is mounted on a bracket.
Loosen the bolts on the bracket is push it back in the direction away from the spring. You now feel that the spring is tightened up.
- Step 4: Test the belt for tension:
After the bracket has been pulled back, start your lawnmower engine at full throttle. Now, push the blade engagement lever upwards and immediately notice the cutting action of the blades. If the blades begin cutting without delay, it means that the belt tension is now optimal. However, If the belt still seems loose enough, it indicates that this method didn't add the required tension, and therefore you should think about replacing the belt.
Related Questions:
1. How to remove and replace the drive belt on a riding lawnmower?
In most cases, tightening the drive belt does not solve the problem, and you often need to replace it altogether with an identical one. The steps for doing that are listed below:
Step 1: Disconnect the spark plug
First, you should turn off the ignition switch and remove the key. Next, you need to pull the mower hood upwards and disconnect the spark plug wire.
Step 2: Disassemble the mower deck
Next, you need to disconnect the entire mower deck from the main body of the lawnmower.
– Step 2.1: Lower the mower deck
As a first step, lower the mower deck on the ground to the lowest position and disengage the blades.
– Step 2.2: Roll the belt off
Roll the belt off the engine pulley and release the belt keepers.
– Step 2.3: Detach the deck
Now, you need to remove all the linkages that connect the mower deck to the upper portion from both sides of the mower deck. To do this, remove the retaining pins and washer supports from the lift link, suspension arm, and rear end bracket on both the left and sides of the mower deck. The deck should now be detached completely.
Step 3: Pull out the old belt
– Step 3.1: Take a picture
Note the routing of the blade belt on the mower deck. We recommend taking a picture to record the layout.
– Step 3.2: Remove the old belt
You might see three pulleys on the deck, namely one idler pulley along with belt keepers and two mandrel pulleys. Remove the old drive belt from the three pulleys.
Step 4: Install the new belt
Loop the new drive belt around the mandrel pulleys and pass it around the idler pulley through the belt keeper. Push the deck back under the mower.
Step 5: Reconnect the mower deck
Reconnect all the removed links such as the lift links, suspension arms, and rear end bracket back onto the mower deck through the retaining pins and washers. Attach the belt back to the engine pulley.
With the mower deck assembled, reconnect the spark plug wire and insert the key in the switch. Start your mower and test the new belt for performance.
2. How long is the drive belt on a Craftsman riding lawnmower?
Drive belts are responsible for transferring power from the engine pulley to movable parts in the mower, such as the blades. Craftsman lawnmower models consist of primary and secondary drive belts. Both belts have a length ranging from 42-55 inches depending on the particular model.
3. Why does the belt keep slipping off the lawnmower?
The drive belt of your lawnmower may come off for various reasons. The exact reasons may depend on the design of your machine. However, some general reasons resulting in this problem are listed below:
– Damaged parts:
The drive belts and idler pulleys may affect the belt operation if they are not in working condition. Moreover, the swing arm should be able to rotate freely about its pivot. You need to check the mower deck's adjustment as well. For normal conditions, the deck's front is generally lower 1/8 to 1/4 inch than the back. A pitch greater than this may cause the belt to keep slipping off.
– Debris Buildup:
The buildup of dirt and dust between the pulley and bracket may also reduce the friction attaching the belt onto the pulley. Make sure that no soil, grass, or sticks are found along the drive belt. This condition is quite imminent under rough operating conditions and low maintenance.
4. What are the two significant forms of drive belts used?
Transmission belts in machine design may be of the V-type or synchronous design. V-belts have a wedge-shaped cross-section. Friction is the only force keeping the belt attached. On the other hand, synchronous belts have a notched profile along their inner circumference, much like gears. They are generally mounted on gears and pinions and are used in timing operations.
Final Comments:
Lawnmower belt maintenance may be one of the most frequently occurring instances, mainly if the mower hasn't been well maintained in the past. We recommend cleaning your lawnmower occasionally and adequately checking the mower deck working components to see if they are


The Bellwin Scheme for Emergency Financial Assistance to Local Authorities
1. What is the Bellwin Scheme?
The Bellwin Scheme operates under Section 155(2) of the Local Government and Housing Act 1989 and allows Scottish Ministers to make additional revenue support to local authorities to assist with the immediate, and unforeseen costs in dealing with the aftermath of emergency incidents.
It is a discretionary scheme, which exists to give special financial assistance to local authorities who would otherwise be faced with an undue financial burden as a result of providing relief and carrying out immediate work due to large-scale emergencies. Local authorities are expected to include a small amount within their annual budget to deal with unforeseen emergencies. There is no automatic entitlement to assistance. flooding image
2. How does the Bellwin Scheme operate?
When it becomes obvious that there is an emergency which is creating immediate demands on local government, the Scottish Executive Ministers will decide whether the Scheme should be triggered. Once the Scheme has been triggered, affected authorities are invited to submit claims. The Scheme may be activated to meet the additional expense for authorities in providing immediate relief, in safeguarding life and property in affected communities and in keeping key communications open in the immediate aftermath of an emergency. Its purpose is not to put right all the ill effects of an incident. Applications for assistance must demonstrate undue financial burdens on authorities.
3. What costs are eligible for assistance?
The Scheme addresses revenue costs only and eligible costs are subject to a threshold which is set individually for each local authority and takes account of an assumed amount contained within each local authority's budget. Payment of a grant is made in full in respect of total eligible expenditure, after deduction of the threshold.
Costs which are considered to be insurable are not considered eligible under the Scheme but an element for insurance excess is considered eligible.
4. When was the Bellwin scheme last reviewed?
A review of the Bellwin Scheme was undertaken in 2005. A summary of the responses that were received and the Executive response to the consultation exercise can be found by following the links below.
Scottish Executive response to Bellwin consultation exercise
Summary of Bellwin consultation responses
You can also review the press release announcing the proposed changes to the Bellwin Scheme
5. Where can I find the updated documents?
The link to the full revised guidance note which contains the relevant updated information for making a claim and the claim forms, and the current Bellwin Thresholds.


- Question: Hellllllllllo! Just wondering if 1 cigarette takes off 11 minutes of someone's life the oldest person ever (Jeanne calment-122) smoked until she was well over 110. If she never smoked what are the chances of her living quite a while longer?
 Asked by amckeswick to Robyn on 19 Mar 2020.
 - Photo: Robyn Kiy
 Robyn Kiy answered on 19 Mar 2020:
 This is a really interesting question that has made me stop and think!
 The statistic about 1 cigarette taking between 7 and 11 minutes off a life is an estimate of the average time a cigarette takes off a persons life. This doesn't mean that this will be the same for every person! Other elements such as lifestyle (e.g. diet and exercise) and genetics can influence the health of a person, and thus their life expectancy. For example, it is possible for someone who smokes 5 cigarettes a day but eats healthily, exercises regularly, and has a low-risk job to outlive a non-smoker who leads an otherwise unhealthy lifestyle (although this isn't guaranteed, of course!).
 It is likely that Jeanne Calment's genetics provided her with an element of protection from the dangers of smoking cigarettes.
 Based off the assumption that cigarettes reduce life expectancy, it may be possible that without smoking Jeanne would have lived longer! However, if Jeanne Calment was not susceptible to the damage caused by smoking, it may also be possible that never smoking would have no impact on the time of her death.
 Unfortunately, I couldn't predict the exact chances of her living longer if she hadn't smoked. However, as we know that smoking does reduce the life-expectancy of the average person, it is definitely possible that Jeanne Calment may have lived longer had she not smoked!


Ordering of Steps
In the recipes package, there are no constraints on the order in which steps are added to the recipe; you as a user are free to apply steps in the order appropriate to your data preprocessing needs. However, the order of steps matters and there are some general suggestions that you should consider.
Transforming a variable
Handling levels in categorical data
The order of steps for handling categorical levels is important, because each step sets levels for the next step to use as input. These steps create factor output, even if the input is of character type.
Dummy variables
Recipes do not automatically create dummy variables (unlike most formula methods).
Recommended preprocessing outline
While every individual project's needs are different, here is a suggested order of potential steps that should work for most problems:
 1. Impute
 2. Handle factor levels
 3. Individual transformations for skewness and other issues
 4. Discretize (if needed and if you have no other choice)
 5. Create dummy variables
 6. Create interactions
 7. Normalization steps (center, scale, range, etc)
 8. Multivariate transformation (e.g. PCA, spatial sign, etc)
Again, your mileage may vary for your particular problem.
Try the recipes package in your browser
recipes documentation built on April 16, 2021, 5:09 p.m.


text:
Definition: Originally a flat spatula for flipping oatcakes on a griddle, the Spurtle is better known as a stick for stirring porridge. Over time, this implement changed shape and began being used specifically for stirring oatmeal and soups. It is similar to a wooden spoon without the bowl which was removed as it tears cooked oats apart. It is in common use throughout Scotland.
Also Known As: Stirring stick
Alternate Spellings: spirtle


text:
Why is sugar solution a mixture?
Water is a solvent and sugar is the solute. When sugar is added to water, a solution is formed as the sugar crystals dissolve. The sugar particles are still there in solution, however, they are evenly mixed. They have not changed into something different. A mixture is when two or more different substances are mixed but not chemically combined. However, a mixture can be separated again by physical means. Evaporation is one easy method to separate the sugar from the water. If one boils this solution, only the water will evaporate out of the mixture at 100 degrees Celsius. The water will change to gas and the solid sugar will remain behind. Eventually, the sugar will recrystallize when the particles cool.


Brett Anderson's Height
Brett Anderson's height is 6 feet and 0 inches. That's 72 inches tall.
Or in metric units, Brett Anderson is 183 centimetres. That's 1 metre and 83 centimetres.
Brett's Name
Did you know that the name Brett was the 672nd most popular boy's name in 2013 and that around 2 in every 10,000 baby boys were named Brett at their birth.
People The Same Height As Brett Anderson
There are 336 people the same height as Brett Anderson:
Relative Heights
How tall is Brett Anderson compared to the average person?
And how tall are you?
Brett Anderson
6ft 0in tall
Average Person
5ft 7in tall
Choose A Celebrity
Tallest And Shortest


text: Chittorgarh is very well known and famous for its natural production of custard apple. These custard apple are also called sita fal because sita (Wife of Lord Ram) had eaten these fruits. In the season of winter chittorgarh fort becomes the custard apple field. Here custard apple trees are automatically grown. These fruits are then sold to local peoples and also exported. Both indians and foreigners enjoy eating this fruit. Chittorgarh must be developed as largest custard apple hub in the world and fruit could be exported also.


text:
Date Added: Nov 2011
Vehicular Ad Hoc NETworks (VANETs) adopt the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs) for their security. In any PKI system, the authentication of a received message is performed by checking if the certificate of the sender is included in the current CRL, and verifying the authenticity of the certificate and signature of the sender. In this paper, the authors propose an Expedite Message Authentication Protocol (EMAP) for VANETs, which replaces the time-consuming CRL checking process by an efficient revocation checking process. The revocation check process in EMAP uses a keyed Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC), where the key used in calculating the HMAC is shared only between non-revoked On-Board Units (OBUs).


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Decrement by 1, return previous
Atomically decrements by one the current value and returns the previous value of the counter. It is possible that multiple concurrent client requests may receive the same previous value. This occurs since only the decrementing part of the logic is atomic, the retrieval of the value before it is decremented is not.
Future Backendless.counters.getAndDecrement(String counterName);
IAtomic counter = Backendless.counters.of(String counterName);
Future counter.getAndDecrement();
Argument Description
counterName name of the counter to decrement.
Function callback = (counterValue) => print("previous counter value is - $counterValue");
Backendless.counters.getAndDecrement("my counter").then(callback);
IAtomic myCounter = Backendless.counters.of("my counter");


Difference Between Similar Terms and Objects
Difference Between a Sleeper Sofa and a Futon
Sleeper sofas and futons are double purpose furniture that have become ubiquitous in modern homes that have limited space or who frequently have guests that stay overnight. Sleeper sofas and futons are also common in hotel rooms to increase sleeping capacity. They are a great way to save on space and are easy to transport. They are also a great way to save on money as one does not have to spend separate money for a couch and a bed. And since they are basically similar in function, sleeper sofas and futons today have very little difference in appearance, especially with modern innovation.
Although modern day sleeper sofas and futons are practically the same in their dual function, the two still differ from each other. Aside from their origins, the two differ mainly in materials used and their construction. Their dimensions are also usually different. More about these dual purpose furniture and their differences are discussed further in the succeeding sections.
What is a Sleeper Sofa?
A sleeper sofa, also called a sofa bed – although the terms are sometimes subtly differentiated, is furniture that is designed primarily as a couch but can be converted into a bed by some mechanism such as hinges or springs. Although there have been many innovations on beds to make them portable or to save space, the first furniture that truly doubles as both a couch and a bed was invented in the 1930's and is credited to Bernard Castro, an Italian immigrant to the United States.
The cushions of sleeper sofas are typically made of foam, while the frame is mostly metal. Foam is a soft but stiff material, so the cushions are made of separate pieces. Some of the cushions are attached directly to the metal frame while the other pieces are detachable, to be placed side by side once the frame has been converted to a bed. While some sleeper sofa frames have a hinged mechanism that allows the backrest to be lowered, most frames have a pullout mechanism under the seat. This overall design makes the sleeping mattress only half as thick as when it is in couch mode and does not give optimum comfort for sleeping.
What is a Futon?
A futon is either the traditional Japanese style of bedding, or the futon sofa bed adapted by western culture – the two being very different. The traditional futon, used by the Japanese since ancient times, is only for sleeping and at its simplest is actually a set composed of mattress, duvet and pillow but without a bedframe. When not in use, traditional futons are first aired out in the open, and then stored in closets. Meanwhile, the western futon is basically a variant of the sleeper sofa invented by William Brouwer in the 1980's.
The futon mattress, whether the traditional or the western futon, is typically made of cotton and is all of one piece that can easily be folded or rolled. The frame is usually made of wood, with a backrest that can be lowered, and a footrest or a hidden deck under the seat that can be raised. The mattress is usually thinner than the cushions of a sleeper sofa in couch mode but thicker when converted into a bed, making the futon more comfortable for sleeping.
Difference between a Sleeper Sofa and a Futon
A sleeper sofa is any type of sofa that can be converted into a bed. A futon is either the traditional Japanese style of bedding composed of mattress, duvet and pillow, with no bedframe, or the adapted western futon which is basically a variant of the sofa bed.
Main function
A sleeper is mainly sitting furniture, with the bed as its second function. The futon is primarily a type of bedding with the mattress serving secondarily as a seat cushion for a sofa.
The first truly dual function sleeper sofa was invented by Bernard Castro in the 1930's while the futon was adapted into western use by William Brouwer in the 1980's.
Mattress or cushions
A sleeper sofa cushion is typically made of foam; it is soft but stiff. It cannot be folded nor rolled; instead, it can be made into separate pieces. Futons are usually made of cotton, made of one piece and as such, they can be easy to fold or roll.
Frame designs
Sleeper sofas frame are usually made of metal and are of a pullout design, with the extension hidden under the seat. Western futon frames are typically wood made in a hinged design, with a backrest that can be lowered and a footrest or a hidden deck under the seat that can be raised.
Seating comfort
Sleeper sofas are usually more comfortable than futons as seats, with thicker seat cushions than futons.
Sleeping comfort
Sleeper sofas are less comfortable as beds since the mattress is thinner than that of futons when spread out.
Sleeper Sofas vs Futons
 - Sleeper sofas and futons are double purpose furniture that are very useful as both seats and beds in homes with limited space or as extra sleeping areas for guests staying overnight.
 - They are also cost saving furniture due to their dual function.
 - Sleeper sofas come in many designs but their main quality is that they are made as couches first before beds.
 - Futons are the traditional Japanese style of bedding composed of mattress, duvet and pillow, without a bedframe. It was a adapted into the western culture as a sleeper sofa, with the mattress serving as seat cushion.
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[1]Image credit: _URL_
[2]Donahue, Alan. "Types of sofa bed mechanisms." Hunker. March 16, 2018. _URL_ (accessed October 30, 2019).
[3]Krino, Gary. "New-look futons are versatile and stylish." Orlando Sentinel. March 20, 1999. _URL_ (accessed October 30, 2019).
[4]Ramos, Maria. "What's a Japanese Futon?" Good Night's Rest. June 24, 2019. _URL_ (accessed October 30, 2019).
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Due to high data volumes and unpredictable arrival rates, continuous query systems processing expensive queries in real-time may fail to keep up with the input data streams - resulting in buffer overflow and uncontrolled loss of data. In this work, we explore join direction adaptation (JDA) to tackle resource-limited processing of multi-join stream queries. While the existing JDA solutions allocate the scarce CPU resources to the most productive half-way join within a single operator, we instead leverage the operator interdependencies to optimize the overall query throughput. We identify result staleness as an impending issue in resource-limited processing, which gets further aggravated if throughput optimizing techniques are employed. For throughput optimization we propose the pathproductivity model and further extend it for fulfilling the Freshness tolerance. Our proposed JAQPOT approach is the first integrated solution to achieve near optimal query throughput while also guaranteeing fulfillment of the desired result freshness. JAQPOT runs in quadratic time of the number of streams irrespective of the query plan shape. Our experimental study, using both synthetic and real data sets, demonstrates the superiority of JAQPOT in achieving higher throughput than the state-oftheart strategies while, unlike the other methods, also fulfilling freshness predicates.