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Politics and tax morale. the role of trust, values, and beliefs, in shaping individual attitudes towards tax compliance.
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Traditional models of tax evasion cannot explain why most people comply with their taxes. It has been proposed that taxpayers may have an intrinsic motivation (or willingness) to comply with taxes - Tax Morale. Empirical studies found that trusting government, upholding religious beliefs, and supporting democratic regimes, increase individual Tax Morale. Based on those results and drawing from related literature in Political Science, this study tests the role of trusting government institutions delivering public goods to taxpayers, ideological beliefs, individual support for political regimes, and upholding post-materialist values, on Tax Morale. Results for individuals living in democratic countries show a positive relationship between trust in government institutions and upholding democratic values on Tax Morale; a negative relationship between upholding ideological (conservative) beliefs and Tax Morale, and no relationship between upholding post-materialist values and Tax Morale. Results for individuals living under non-democratic regimes differ in some respects; whereas support for democracy is related with higher Tax Morale, other results - trust in government and ideological beliefs - differ from theoretical expectations. Overall, higher trust in government increases willingness to comply with taxes, and support for democracy elicits higher Tax Morale.


Pre-Shot Golf Routine
Home / Golf Tips / Pre-Shot Golf Routine
Pre-Shot Golf Routine
Pre-Shot Golf Routine: How Important Is It?
If you've read any golf psychology books you'll notice how each stresses the importance of a consistence pre-shot golf routine. Bob Rotella, a famous writer about golf psychology talks about the pre-shot golf routine in much detail. So if you're unfamiliar with a what a pre-shot routine in golf is, it is basically a sequence of steps or actions that you take before every single shot during your round. Every golfer has their own particular pre-shot routine, this can include alignment, the number of practice swings, waggles over the ball, as well as the timing of each movement or event. This all happens before actually hit your golf shot.
Why is a pre-shot golf routine important? A pre-shot routine basically makes you only focus on each step of your pre-shot routine. It helps to eliminate any bad or negative thoughts, nervousness, etc. before hitting your shot. A lot of golfers will step up to the tee and see white out of bounds stakes right or maybe there is a lake you need to carry and then you only start to focus on avoiding those obstacles. So if you see out of bounds stakes right, you may make a swing that overcompensates and you end up in the left woods. Or if you're thinking about hitting it over a lake 200 yards away when you're average carry is 220 yards away you may swing to hard to make sure you hit it over the lake when you really just needed to get up to the ball and take your normal swing. The pre-shot golf routine helps prevent these negative thoughts. It forces you to focus and only focus on the certain steps of your pre-shot routine and if you're focusing on those simple, yet relevant tasks you're not thinking about the lake you have to carry or preventing yourself from slicing the ball out of bounds to the right.
If you watch any golf professionals during a PGA Tournament on television you'll notice they all have a pre-shot routine. Each one has different steps and mannerisms before they step up and begin their actual backswing of the shot at hand.
Pre-Shot Golf Routine
So what can a pre-shot routine actually consist of? There can be very few steps you take during your pre-shot routine or there can be more. It all depends on the type of golfer. Once you have your club selection and you're confident you have the correct club you can start your pre-shot routine. This can start with alignment. Some golfers prefer 1-3 practice swings and some take their practice swings behind the ball, while others may take their practice swings right next to the ball lining up to the target. It can also include any current swing thoughts you have. Maybe you've been working on a move in your backswing that you repeat three times for muscle memory right before you step up to the ball. Once you step up and actually rest your club behind the ball, you may have a certain number of waggles, and you may also have a certain number of times you look at the target.
A good example of a pre-shot golf routine to start with if you've never had one before would be as follows. Choose your club selection and be confident with it before you start your pre-shot routine. If you go through your pre-shot routine and are about to swing but feel a wind gust, step back, re-think your golf club selection and start your pre-shot routine all over. This also includes any distractions during your pre-shot routine, just step back and start it over. So now that you have your club, take 1 or 2 practice swings. Then stand behind the ball and pick your alignment, a lot of golfers will pick a blade of grass 1 foot in front of the ball. That way when you step up to the ball you're only aligning your clubface to a blade of grass 1 foot in front of the ball. This is much easier than looking back and forth and at a target and trying to line up correctly. Then you take one waggle, one last look, at the target, visualize your perfect shot and take your swing.
This is just an example but it's a starting point to developing your own pre-shot golf routine. You can alter it in any way you want. You can also watch your favorite PGA Tour player on TV for tips as well. Also a lot of golfers will develop their pre-shot routine based how quickly they play. If you typically are a fast player on the course your pre-shot routine might be very simple. Sometimes this also helps with you giving you less time for negative thoughts. Or if you are a slower player who is very meticulous and likes to take your time, you may take a few more relaxed practice swings and take your time with each detail of your pre-shot routine. If you're that type of golfer a fast-paced, quick pre-shot routine probably doesn't make sense. You do not want to feel rushed during your pre-shot routine, you should feel relaxed and focused only on the next step of your routine.
It is also worthy to note that some players have different pre-shot routines for full swings, chipping, sand shots, or putting on the green. However, it's still important to have a solid consistent pre-shot routine for every type of shot. For chipping, one part of your pre-shot routine you may walk up to the green and determine exactly where you want the golf ball to land. You may take extra practice swings to get the feel of the shot so you hit it with the correct force and achieve the correct distance. For putting you may read a putt from behind the ball, then behind the hole. You may stand over the ball once to get a feel for the putt, then step back from the ball and focus on alignment. Regardless of all of this make sure all of your pre-shot routines are consistent and literally become second nature.
You may also find that over time you add steps or remove steps from your pre-shot routine. This is perfectly fine, you may be working on take your club back low and slow, so you add that move in and repeat it 3 times for added confidence and muscle memory. Developing a solid pre-shot routine may take some time before you are 100% comfortable and confident you have it perfected. You want it to mimic your style as a golfer, but once you have it down and consistently apply it to each shot you'll continually see improvement. You also should practice it and not only make sure you apply it to every single shot on the course but you should also go through your pre-shot routine while on the driving range. This will force you to not only solidify your pre-shot routine but also makes sure you are practicing properly on the range and thinking about every shot. It's important to practice with a purpose and rushing through a bucket of balls just to say you practiced today isn't helping. So start to begin forming and practicing your pre-shot routine today and you'll begin to notice a lot of improvement in your scores as well as your course management and the mental aspects of golf.
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Felted Wool Cat Pencil Toppers for Halloween
A few quick stitches are all it takes to sew these cute cat pencil toppers for Halloween.
What You'll Need
The Cat Pack
 - Scraps of felted wool (Choose different colors for the face, eyes, and nose.)
 - Freezer paper
 - Pencil for tracing
 - Perle cotton or wool thread (in black and orange)
 - Fiberfill
 - Unsharpened pencil
 - Ribbon
How to Make It
 1. Download our free cat template.
 2. To felt wool, machine-wash it in a hot-water wash, cool-rinse cycle with a small amount of detergent; machine-dry and steam press.
 3. Lay the freezer paper, shiny side down, over the pattern. With a pencil, trace two head shapes, two eyes, and a nose. Cut out the freezer-paper shapes.
 4. Using a hot, dry iron, press the freezer-paper shapes onto your fabrics (use different colors for cat face, eyes, and mouth); let cool. Cut out the fabric shapes. Peel off the freezer paper.
 5. Position the eyes and nose on the cat face. Use the black perle cotton to blanket-stitch each eye in place. Use the black perle cotton to make a French knot in the center of each eye for the pupil.
 6. Use the orange perle cotton to blanket-stitch the nose in place.
 7. Straight-stitch the whiskers and ear marking (as shown in the photo).
 8. Place the appliqued cat face on top of a plain head shape with the wrong sides facing togehter; baste, leaving an opening at the bottom.
 9. Using the orange perle cotton, blanket-stitch around the cat face. Stuff with fiberfill, then place the cat head on the eraser end of an unsharpened pencil. Tie a ribbon around the pencil underneath the cat head.


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Play with light and sound
A first for Australasia, the Antarctic Walkway is not just a functional piece of infrastructure to protect people from the weather but also an art installation, which reacts to your movement, speed and direction as you move through it.
Tip: the interaction happens both day and night, but you'll get the full experience when it's dark!
Antarctic Walkway – design rationale
The Antarctic Walkway follows an axis from Christchurch Airport to the International Antarctic Centre. It takes design cues from Antarctic pack ice and the Ellsworth Mountains.
Six frame modules make up the walkway, each with a different angle and height. These modules are stacked and flipped along the length of the walkway to create the superstructure from which the glass walls and roof attach. When read together the shifting angular forms give a rhythm that references the peaks and valleys of a mountain range.
Echoes – audio and lighting system
'Echoes' is an interactive experience which senses movement throughout the walkway and transfers it into sound and light. The speed and direction of the pulses is triggered by the visitor. Like ripples in the Southern Ocean, patterns form as multiple 'echoes' cross each other.


What is a monkey dish?
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Monkey dish is a small shallow kind of dish which can be used to serve cole slaw or applesauce. The main aim of this dish is to separate the cold or watery dishes from the main course. The dish is quite big and is around 4 1/8 inches in diameter and has the capacity to hold 3.5ounces.
- what kind of dish is a monkey dish?
- what is monkey dish used for?


Natural Atracctions
Whale watching
The tropical climate of Costa Rica and its warm waters are ideal for these marine mammals that enjoy specific areas along the coast.
The best place to observe whales in Costa Rica is on the Pacific Coast, where humpback whales migrate between July and November and then again between December and March.
The Osa Peninsula is visited by humpback whales that migrate from both the northern and southern hemispheres, meaning that whale populations are concentrated more here than in any other part of the country. Additionally, this large group of whales remains close to the peninsula for a long time, giving Costa Rica one of the longest whale watching seasons in the world.
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Swedism: 'Racist' Bird Names Banned by Sweden's Ornithological Society
Eli Stenson
Daily Stormer
February 21, 2015
These swifts will no longer be called "kaffers" because of political correctness.
Thanks to Swedism, these swifts will no longer be called "kaffers."
Sweden's at it again, folks. Their Ornithological Society has decided to ban certain bird names that "sound racist" or whatever. Because things that sound racist are just another stumbling block to the emergence of a post-racial utopia.
The Local:
Four different bird species which include the word "neger" ("negro") have been renamed using "svart" ("black") instead.
Other feathered creatures known as "swifts" in English will no longer be called "kaffer" in Swedish. This word, which can also be spelt "caffer" and "kaffir" is a racist term that has been used by white South Africans towards black South Africans.
So white-rumped swifts will now be known as "vitgumpseglare" in Swedish.
"Hottentott", a species of dabbling duck is also being renamed because the word "Hottentot" is a derogatory term for a group of indigenous people called the "Khoikhoi" living in South Africa. The term is thought to refer to their language, which includes clicking sounds.
"Zigenarfågel" which translates as "gypsy bird" will take the name "hoatzin", the English word already used to describe a type of tropical pheasant found in swamps and forests.
The racial sensitivity of Sweden is so remarkable. Humanity ought to be thankful for Sweden's role as a beacon of light in the world.


Friday, February 22, 2013
How to estimate earthwork construction period.
How to estimate the duration required to complete Earthwork Excavation? Estimation on the numbers of days required to complete the task by utilisation of machinery does not required complex calculation. All it take is simple mathematics and some knowledge on the efficiency of machine capability. Below is an example of the calculation.
1. Quantity of the Earthwork Excavation = 1000 cu.m.
2. The machinery needed = Excavator and Lorries
 Assumption : 1 no. of Excavator and 1 no. of lorry required.
 : Excavator need 3 minutes to make a cycle of excavation works.
 : Excavator Capacity = 1.5 cu.m
 : Lorries capacity = 10 ton
 : Lorry need 5 minutes to make a cycle of transportation.
 : Specific Gravity of the earth = 2.7
Base on the assumption, the calculation is as follows;
 a) Duration required to fill a 10 ton lorry
 : 10 ton lorry bucket capacity = 10/2.7 = 3.7 cu.m
 : cycle require to fill the lorry bucket = 3.7/1.5 = 2.4666 Cycle or 3 cycle.
 : hence, time required for filling the lorry = 3 cycle X 3 minutes = 9 minutes
 b) Duration required for lorry to complete a cycle of transporting and unloading =5 minutes
 : Therefore total time taken for one cycle of earthwork = 9 minutes + 5 minutes = 14 minutes.
 : 14 minutes is required to complete 3.7 cu.m of earthwork.
 c) Duration required to complete 1000 cu.m earthwork;
 : 1000 cu.m / 3.7 cu.m = 270.27 cycle = 271 cycle.
 : hence, time require to complete 1000 cu.m earthwork = 271 cycle X 14 Minutes = 3794 minutes
 d) Number of working hours per day = 8 hours
 e) Convert the Duration in minutes into days;
 : 3794/ (8 X 60) = 7 days.
Therefore total number of days to complete the 1000 cu.m of earthwork (cutting and cart away for a short distance) by utilised 1 number of excavator and 1 number of 10 ton lorry is 7 days. Hence your construction period is only 7 days. However this example is excluding number of unworkable day due to rain.
If the number of lorry is going to be increase to 2 then some correction can be make to the duration required to complete the whole cycle by by 5 minutes. this is because the waiting time for the excavator can be reduce by 2.5 minutes each for both lorry. Therefore the complete cycle can be consider as 9 minutes only.
With this free example hope that you will have nice time to plan for your earthwork construction.
 1. Aero Bina, thanks for the explanation. Can you also show work estimate for formwork & concreting as well. Thanks
 2. Anonymous, Thanks for the comments? How do you rate the information publish on this blog? As per Formwork & Concreting, I will include it in my post As soon as possible.
 I wish if you could state how do you want me to address yourself instead of being appeared as anonymous. Once again Thank you for your support.


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The Aqua Dragons backer carded kit allows children to use their own container, a clean jam jar or plastic tub for example,to grow Aqua Dragons at a pocket money price. This product can also be used as a refill kit for underwater world. Just add water and the Aqua Dragons miraculously hatch in only 2-3 days and can grow up to 2cm long. AQUA DRAGONS FAQ 1. Are they really alive? Yes, the Artemia salina (which is the scientific name for what we call Aqua Dragons) are live organisms and they need you to care for them. 2. What temperature should the water be? The ideal water temperature range for hatching is 21 to 27ºC. It is important that the water is at this temperature in order for your Aqua Dragons to hatch and during the first delicate week of life. 3. How many Aqua Dragons should hatch? A difficult question; it depends on the water, the temperature, the number of microscopic eggs that were in the packet, so could be between 10 and 50. 4. Do I have to change the water? No, the water has a special ph and salinity level that is established by the contents of the eggs sachet. So don't change the water! However the water does evaporate so you can fill up, slowly using room temperature bottled spring water in small quantities each time. Do not use tap water. 5. How do I oxygenate the water? We recommend that you shake the water before adding the eggs so that it is oxygenated well from the start then begin using the pipette to oxygenate the water. Squeeze and release the pipette to let air into the chamber. Put the pipette tip in the water and then squeeze again to blow the stored air into the water. Repeat this for 30 seconds every few days. 6. How often should I feed my Aqua Dragons? The amount you feed should correspond to the number of Aqua Dragons you hatch. If you have only a few Aqua Dragons, feed every 4-5 days. If you have a large hatch of 20+ Aqua Dragons feed every other day. 7. Do Aqua Dragons like sunlight? Yes they love it, just make sure you don't leave them in the direct sun where the water would overheat! 8. Do Aqua Dragons bite? No... actually they don't have a mouth; they eat through their wings which work like gills. 9. How long do Aqua Dragons live? Each Aqua Dragon can reach adult hood at one month and can live for up to 90 days, however if you care for them well you may see that they reproduce so you could have life in the tank for much longer. 10. How big do Aqua Dragons grow? Up to 20mm but this may take up to two months. 11. What do I do if one of the dragons dies? When an Aqua Dragon dies it will float down to the bottom of your habitat and slowly biodegrade. In effect they become part of the habitat so it is not necessary to remove them. 12. Initially I had lots of hatchlings but now I am left with just a few adults? Not all the Aqua Dragons that hatch will survive into adulthood, otherwise we'd be overrun! It's normal and natural for many to hatch and for only some to make it through to adulthood. 13. The water is dirty, what do I do? This is normally due to over-feeding. Stop feeding until the Aqua Dragons have had time to process all the food in the tank. It could take a week or so for the water to become clear again but the water won't become bad, because it is salty. 14. Can Aqua Dragons live in my regular fish aquarium? As they are small, regular fish will eat them, so do not introduce them into your home aquarium.
EU Warning: Not suitable for children under the age of 3 years due to small parts which could cause a choking hazard.
Supplier Contact Details: _EMAIL_ Supplier Phone: UK 01200 445113 ROI 0044 1200 445113

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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NSEventWrite (Transact-SQL)
SQL Server 2005
Submits one event to the events table for the event class. You must use NSEventBeginBatchEventClassName to open a new batch and NSEventFlushBatchEventClassName to close the batch. You can submit multiple events before closing the batch.
[ schema_name. ] NSEventWriteEventClassName
 [ _USER_ = ] event_batch_ID,
 [ _USER_ = ] event_class_field_value [,...n]
[ _USER_ = ] event_ batch_ID
Is the ID of the event batch for the event. The event batch ID number must exist in the event batches table. event_batch_ID is bigint and has no default value.
[ _USER_ = ] event_class_field_value
Provides a name/value pair for an event class field. One event_class_field_name and event_class_field_value pair can be supplied for each column in the event table. If the column has a default value or accepts NULL, the name/value pair is not required.
0 (success) or 1 (failure)
Microsoft SQL Server Notification Services creates the NSEventWriteEventClassName stored procedure in the application database when you create the instance. When you update the application, Notification Services recompiles the stored procedure.
To use a query to obtain a set of events and then submit them to an application, use NSEventSubmitBatchEventClassName.
The following example shows how to begin an event batch, write one event, and then close the event batch. The event provider for the event batch is StockEP and the event batch ID number is returned in the _USER_ output parameter.
DECLARE _USER_ bigint;
EXEC dbo.NSEventBeginBatchStockEvents N'StockEP', _USER_ OUTPUT;
EXEC dbo.NSEventWriteStockEvents
EXEC dbo.NSEventFlushBatchStockEvents _USER_;
SELECT _USER_ 'Event Batch';
This example assumes that you are using SQL Server Management Studio, because the event batch ID is returned in the SELECT statement so you can see which event batch was created.
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I want to use the Python field calculator to remove the hyphen from a field column. For example, I would like to parse out the hyphen from an entry like "123-45-6789" and read "123456789".
share|improve this question
Why the down votes? – Nathan W Dec 26 '12 at 2:28
2 Answers 2
Use the built-in str.replace method accessible on all string objects.
Put this in the Expression box (replacing "FieldName" with your own):
share|improve this answer
The sub method in Python's regular expression module should do the trick.
import re
no_hyphens = re.sub('-','','123-45-6789')
This will replace any instance of a "-" with an empty string.
share|improve this answer
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Studies of electron exchange collisions and polarized electron production in a flowing helium afterglow
A flowing helium afterglow apparatus has been used to study thermal-energy electron exchange collisions between spin-polarized electrons and O$\sb2$ or NO molecules. Penning ionization of CO$\sb2$ by spin-polarized...
Energy dependent electron polarization studies of penning ionization channels
Penning ionization reactions have been studied in a flowing afterglow apparatus to explore the contributions of autoionizing channels in reactions of spin-polarized He(23S) with alkali atoms. Spin polarization analysis of...


Can you tell your Rock Pipit from a Meadow Pipit?
Meadow Pipit vs Rock Pipit
When you first spot a Pipit you might be forgiven for thinking you have spotted a small thrush of some kind
At the time of writing this article (mid March) the Pipits have started their mating flight. You can usually hear their song first - a repetetive "twit" which gradually speeds up (accellerando if you're a musician) should help you spot them as they energetically fly on an upward trajectory into the sky. Then at a certain calculated point they stop flapping and lock their wings and tail feathers gliding down to the ground like a paper plane. When they do this their song suddenly changes into a downward scale with longer "tweet"s like an electronic toy that has suddenly run out of battery. Now both the Rock Pipit and Meadow Pipit show off in this way. If the feet are visible you can also spot their super long hind claw.
Pipit hind claw
The most common Pipits are the Meadow Pipit and Rock Pipit
The Rock Pipit is larger and stockier built. The general impression is a scruffier grey/brown diffused colouring, Depending on the time of the year the beak and legs can be dark coloured (but not always!)
The Meadow Pipit gives an impression of a slender more 'graceful' look. It is a more yellow/brown colouring and the markings are much cleaner defined - a bit like a Song Thrush. The legs and beak are never dark with a yellow/orange tinge.
The other thing that will help you is location. Rock Pipits are never more than a few hundred metres from the edge of the sea often picking their way through the seaweed. If you see a Pipit more than half a mile from the sea you can almost certainly say it is not a Rock Pipit.
So why not test your knowledge and have a go at this quiz...
Try the Rock Pipit or Meadow Pipit Quiz
Please feel free to add your comment below...


the Document
Open the Document.swift file. Change the read function to the following:
override func read(from data: Data, ofType typeName: String) throws {
 if let fileContents = String(data: data,encoding:.utf8) {
 markdown = fileContents
The code takes the Data object from the saved document and converts it to a Swift string. If there is saved text, set the document's contents to the saved text.
Fill the Text View When Opening a Document
The last step is to fill the text view with the document's contents when you open a document. Override the viewDidAppear function in the text view controller and set the text view's contents to the document's contents.
override func viewDidAppear() {
 if let document = getDocument() {
 textView.string = document.markdown
 updateLivePreview(text: textView.string)
While you're setting the text view contents you should also update the web view so it shows the HTML preview. That's why there's a call to updateLivePreview. If you didn't have the call, the preview would be blank until you typed in the text view.
Now when you run the project you should have a basic Markdown editor. You can create documents, preview the HTML contents, save documents, and open documents.


Wednesday, March 9, 2011
Treadmill vs. Running Outdoors
I am often asked these questions with regards to running and treadmills:-
1) Is running on a treadmill equivalent to running outdoors?
2) If i can run on the treadmill for 20 minutes, will i be able to run for 20 minuted outdoors?
3) Which is more effective to burn calories, running on a treadmill or running outdoors.
So i thought, its best that i clarify this topic properly so everyone understands why running on a treadmill is different than running outdoors. At first glance, the 2 may seem similar, but actually, there are quite a few differences.
Here are the answers to the questions:
1) Very similar, but not 100% similar
2) Not necessarily. Running outdoors is more challenging than running on a treadmill
3) Running outdoors at 6km/h for 20 minutes burns more calories than running 6km/h for 20 minutes on a treadmill.
OK, let me explain in more detail so all the answers make sense. Though the treadmill allows us to mimic a very similar movement of running, it is actually quite different. Running on a treadmill is actually easier than running outdoors. Why is it easier to run on a treadmill compared to outdoors?
For several reasons such as:-
a) There is no wind resistance when running on a treadmill. Because your body is stationary, you don't experience any wind resistance, which makes it easier.
b) The terrain is always uniform on a treadmill, where else running outside is never uniform. Because of this, your body is constantly working to adjust and balance itself to ensure that you can keep running and not fall down. Even this takes up extra energy... a little, but if your body is doing this constantly for 20 minutes, the little bit adds up.
c) Treadmill helps to propel you forward. In a treadmill, moving forward is assisted by the belt of the treadmill. Because of this, there is almost no energy used to propel you forward. Only energy being used is to keep your feet moving. When running outside, you have to move your feet and propel yourself forward, which makes it that much more taxing. Running on a treadmill is equivalent to running on the spot. I have read that adjusting the treadmill to a 1% incline will make it just as challenging as running outdoors.
Because of the reasons above, running outdoors is more challenging and burns more calories that running on a treadmill. Now, with that being said, it doesn't mean that all treadmills should be junked away immediately. There are some pro's that a treadmill has:
1) its not weather sensitive. Rain or shine, you can have a run at any time you want.
2) If you are a beginner to running, the treadmill provides you a safe and comfortable environment for you to build up your endurance / skill.
If you are training to be an outdoor runner (eg. running a marathon), then as far as possible, your training should be more outdoors than on the treadmill. Treadmill is a great place to get in a workout when the weather is not favourable, but overall, you should spend more time running outdoors.
So there you have it. The verdict on treadmill vs running outdoors. I still do the treadmill once a week, and i usually play with the incline and speed to make it more challenging and less boring. If you are a more serious athlete or fitness buff, than running flat on a treadmill for 20 minutes might put you to sleep. So feel free to play with the adjustments available to keep your workout challenging and effective for your fitness level. As usual, look forward to hearing your comments.
derik c. said...
do yo have any tips how to choose a suitable treadmill? and recommendation? :)
Don Kalreone said...
Hi. I bought mine at. They deliver anywhere in Malaysia. Try the F85 model. its really good :)
Gwendolyn Ray said...
Are you thinking of buying a treadmills? If yes, then here you can get what you want: treadmill reviews.
shreenarayanyogpeeth said...
Sivanesan Subramaniam said...
This comment has been removed by the author.
Sivanesan Subramaniam said...
choosing treadmills?? try read out this : best treadmill
Laura Francis said...
DiGena john said...


Places in Esther
Download KML file of Esther for use in Google Earth.
Chapters with Places
 1. Esther 1 (5 places)
 2. Esther 2 (3 places)
 3. Esther 3 (1 place: Susa)
 4. Esther 4 (1 place: Susa)
 5. Esther 8 (3 places)
 6. Esther 9 (1 place: Susa)
 7. Esther 10 (2 places)
Place Possible identifications (tap to highlight on the map)
Babylon 1
Esth 2:6
 1. Ishtar gate from BabylonBabylon
Esth 1:1, 8:9
 1. pyramid at El-Kurru in EthiopiaEthiopia
Esth 1:1, 8:9
 1. panorama of hills in the historical province of IndiaIndia
Esth 2:6
 1. aerial cityscape of JerusalemJerusalem
Esth 1:3, 1:14, 3 more
 1. ruins at Tell HagmatanaMedia
Esth 1:3, 1:14, 3 more
 1. panorama of ruins at Persepolis in PersiaPersia
Esth 1:2, 1:5, 15 more
 1. ruins at ShushShush
Image Credits
Radomir Vrbovsky, Bertramz, AQEEL BAIG, Godot13, Philippe Chavin, Hadis Faghiri, Carole Raddato
This page attempts to identify all possible locations for every place mentioned in this book of the Bible.
The isobands you see on the map (gray areas with dark borders) attempt to give you confidence where a region is. Because many ancient regions aren't precisely defined, I consulted atlases to determine where the biblical region is located and used that data to build the isobands. The smaller isobands reflect more confidence that the given isoband is in the region, while the larger isobands reflect less confidence. Isobands are a kind of contour line that here indicate confidence levels.


text:
Build excitement with marchingorder Name Display. Highlight that special moment in time when the individual is recognized for all their hard earned achievements by personalizing the on-stage moment for each graduate. It is designed to be versatile, easy-to-use, and cost-effective.
marchingorder creates a card for each graduate; it has the student's information and a barcode. As graduates approach the stage that card is scanned, which adds the student's name to a queue in the marchingorder software. A staff member backstage controls exactly when the name goes on screen.
What is Displayed?
The on-screen graphic is 100% customizable for both style and content:
- Lower Third Graphic: contains 1-3 lines of text. It is combined with a live video shot of the graduate on-stage. It often includes the school logo and basic information about the graduate (name, hometown, degree, honors, etc).
- Full Screen Slide: fills the entire screen; it often includes longer text (thesis title, personal quote, etc) and/or photos.
- Video/Audio: play name recordings (see "ProNounce") or videos as the students cross the stage.


Total Costs with Shipping for OpenCart (v. 1.5*-3.*)
Using the payment matrix, the module allows you to determine the total cost of the goods, including additional charges
Available Options
Tags: Total, costs with shipping, costs with delivery, shipping costs, delivery costs, Opencart
Get Support
 The Total Costs with Shipping module helps to display the valid price of the goods to buyers from different countries using clear parameters.
 Increase customer loyalty and reduce purchase rejection using the Total Costs with Shipping module.
 Since the total cost of the product is calculated dynamically based on price adjustments, area-specific shipping costs and other criteria available to the buyer.
 How it works?
 The module provides an understandable system of rules with many options. That's, you can quickly and easily customize methods of shipping and payment to suit your business needs.
 Add a method, assign cost values, and enable.
 When a testing mode is enabled, you can see what expenses are displayed during ordering on the website, and what are not.
 All settings are saved in the database to a backup file. You can also manually restore a backup of the settings or save the backup file after editing the settings.
 The following types of rules are available for choose:
- Adjustments: fee adjustments, minimum / maximum fees, rounding fees, application of tax classes, determination of total cost.
- Location criteria: country, geographic area, zone.
- Order criteria: currency, language, store, customer group.
 For the created rules, you can define the sort order relative to each other. This sets the priorities for the rules.
- Improve customer satisfaction.
- Let the customer choose the shipping method himself.
- Add unlimited quantity of payments using the admin panel.
- Create rules of payments adjustment.
- Set payment options based on customer location criterion.
- Set the final order value depending on currency, language, store, customers group.
 Installation instructions:
- Download and install the plugin;
- Set extension settings;
- Create payment rules based on the adjustment of fees;
- Create payment rules based on the customer location criteria;
- Set the final cost of the order depending on the currency, language, store, customer group;
- Test the created rules for correct display during ordering on the website;
- Save changes and increase customer confidence.
 Help / Contact us:
We will answer any questions about the module.
Email: [email protected]
2. Press the BUY button.
3. Go to the SHOPPING CART to order a plugin (
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Table of contentsNo headers
An ideal solution or ideal mixture is a solution in which the enthalpy of solution is zero ΔHsolution = 0; the closer to zero the enthalpy of solution, the more "ideal" the behavior of the solution becomes. An ideal mixture is one in which the activity coefficients are equal to one. The concept of an ideal solution is fundamental to chemical thermodynamics and its applications, such as the use of colligative properties. Since the enthalpy of mixing (solution) is zero, the change in Gibbs free energy on mixing is determined solely by the entropy of mixing.
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source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Does your SharePoint company site use maps to identify office locations? You can add a geolocation column for a map view in contact lists and libraries. This short video will walk you through a few of the primary steps to setting up map views.
Find out how to:
- Build geolocation fieldtype
- Add a column
- Specify locations
- Find and select latitude/longitude in Bing maps
- Create different views
For more a better way to learn SharePoint tasks, take a few moments to see how inline, in-context, and on-demand help and performance support make a SharePoint deployment so much easier to navigate and use. Get a free 1 hour video demo to watch anytime.


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Hardware architecture for popcount
Source of Publication
WSEAS Transactions on Computers
Bit-counting implementations are used to count the number of "1's" in a given computer word. There are several techniques to implement bit-counting operation. These techniques are either software algorithms or specialized hardware techniques. The hardware implementations require dedicated hardware supported in the processor or associated math co-processor. The performance of the hardware-supported bit-counting was found to be superior to most software implementations (such as serial shifting). In this paper, a new hardware implementation of bit-counting routine is presented that reduces the number of logic gates and the delay in comparison with existing implementations. The performance of the proposed hardware bit-counting implementations is further investigated and evaluated.
El-Qawasmeh, Eyas; Tubaishat, Abdallah; Baba, Sami; and Dalalah, Ahmed, "Hardware architecture for popcount" (2006). Scopus Indexed Articles. 2439.


Skip to definition.
Noun: brew broo
 1. Drink made by steeping and boiling and fermenting rather than distilling
 - brewage
Verb: brew broo
 1. Prepare by brewing
 "people have been brewing beer for thousands of years"
 2. Sit or let sit in boiling water so as to extract the flavour
 "the tea is brewing"
Derived forms: brews, brewing, brewed
Type of: alcohol, alcoholic beverage, alcoholic drink, create from raw material, create from raw stuff, imbue, inebriant, intoxicant, soak
Encyclopedia: Brew


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I have a workflow to eliminate small polygons within a layer and merge them with adjacent polygons. My input is the result of a polygonization of a raster (has no overlaps) and it has one field "class".
In the first step I loop over all features and if a polygon is of class 0 (blue), and is too small, i change its class to a suitable neighbour.
Next I dissolve the features, according to their changed class values.
As you can see, the blue areas are dissolved successfully, however the island in the middle appears to have changed value. Actually there are now two polygons laying on top of each other there, a light green one, and the original one. The light green basically filled a hole during the dissolve process. This happens only for a couple of polygons, and not all of them.
Here's the code to change the values of the polygons:
def KFB_for_1_class (input, field_, c, area_threshold): feats = dis_temp = r"z:\dis.shp" layer = iface.addVectorLayer(input,"","ogr") layer.startEditing() layer_cpy = iface.addVectorLayer(input,"","ogr") print "cleaning class "+str(c) for f in layer.getFeatures(): if f[field_] == c and f["area"] < area_threshold: org_int = f[field_] candidates = for f2 in layer_cpy.getFeatures(): if f.geometry().touches(f2.geometry()): if f2[field_] not in candidates and f2[field_]!= org_int: candidates.append(f2[field_]) candidates.sort() if len(candidates) >0: f[field_] = candidates for i in (candidates): if abs(org_int - i) <= abs(f[field_] - org_int): f[field_] = i f["area"] = area_threshold + 1 layer.updateFeature(f) feats.append(f["id"]) print "feature " +str(f["id"]) + " changed from " + str(org_int) + " to " + str(f["int"]) print feats layer.commitChanges()
To dissolve I use this:
processing.runalg("qgis:dissolve", input, False, "class", dis_temp)
What I tried:
- using other dissolve tools within QGis (OGR, SAGA, [GRASS I could not get to work])
- cleaning Topology with v.clean according to Dissolve polygons in QGIS (GEOS) with tolerance
Both did not work. The different tools all ended up creating the same error.
How can I resolve this?


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What's New
April 2014 - CamRanger is now capable of controlling StackShot!
Sound Activated Triggering
By connecting a microphone to StopShot you can trigger on anything that makes noise. StopShot has a gain control on it to allow the microphone sensitivity to be adjusted. Some examples of pictures that were triggered by sound are shown below. After the trigger is first sensed you can program StopShot to fire the flash or shutter with virtually any delay you wish.
Using StopShot with a microphone is very easy. Simply plug the microphone into the microphone jack and plug the camera or flash into trigger 1. Using the UP button adjust the delay for trigger 1 according to your setup. You can see a diagram below of what the StopShot display will look like. In this case StopShot is programmed to wait 5mS before it fires the camera or flash. 5mS is 5/1000 of a second or 0.005s. This would be a good starting point for capturing a balloon in the middle of popping. Start with the gain in the middle position and adjust it clockwise if you need the microphone to be more sensitive or counterclockwise if you need it to be less sensitive.
Microphone for Sound Activated Pictures
== StopShot==
Trigger 1: 5.0 mS
Trigger 2: off
Trigger 3: off
Shutter lag can be a huge factor when using sound as a trigger. The shutter lag of a high end DSLR is around 50 mS. This is way too much lag to capture many noisy events. Balloons popping, bulbs smashing and cork popping are all examples of events that will be over by the time the camera gets around to actually taking the image. The fix for this it to shoot in a darkened room and have StopShot fire the flash instead of the camera. You will have to hold the shutter of the camera open when creating the event.
Another thing to keep in mind when using sound as a trigger is that sound moves slow... really slow in terms of high speed events. Consider a balloon popping, it takes around 10mS to completely deflate. Sound moves at about 340m/s. If you take your first shot with the microphone at 0.5m and then move the microphone to 1.5m for the next shot you just added 3.4mS of delay to when the flash fires. Your balloon shot goes form being mid pop to completely over by the time the flash fires.
Below are some examples of what is possible with sound triggering. Click on the image to see a larger version.


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Fall Creek Falls & Coon Creek Falls
January 15, 1951
RG 82, Department of Conservation
Fall Creek Falls is Tennessee's second-largest park; it consists of 19,684 acres and is located between Spencer and Pikeville along the border of Van Buren and Bledsoe counties. Park construction began in 1936 following the arrival of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and Works Progress Administration (WPA). The CCC restocked wildlife and began reforestation, and the WPA assisted with the construction of the park's facilities. The State Forestry Service and Department of Agriculture administered the park throughout the 1930s and 1940s. The National Park Service oversaw development, which included parking areas, picnic and camping facilities, trails, etc.
Today, park attendance places Fall Creek Falls among the state's most heavily visited recreational sites. The Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation has successfully retained the parks' most valuable resources, including the spectacular 250-foot namesake, Fall Creek Falls, as well as Cane Creek Gulf, Cane Creek Falls, Rockhouse Falls, Piney Creek Falls, numerous gorges, natural foliage, and an abundance of wildlife species. Today, the park remains, as the National Park Service remarked in the mid-1930s, "unquestionably one of the most outstanding beauty regions" in the United States.
Section researched and written by Kimberly Wires, Archival Assistant.


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How To Redact Power Of attorney For Banking Transactions Form online?
Easy-to-use PDF software
What is Power Of Attorney For Banking Transactions Form?
In a power of attorney, you name someone as your attorney-in-fact (or agent) to make financial decisions for you. The power gives your agent control over any assets held in your name alone. If a bank account is owned in your name alone, your attorney-in-fact will have access to it.
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Portable Document Format is the most convenient way to exchange information. any device, regardless of its operating system, can open a PDF. The key point is the layout is page-structured and looks the same every time. This way, you can Redact Power Of attorney For Banking Transactions Form knowing that the appearance won't change even when you print it. However, editing this format can be a daunting task and cause difficulties that our editor, fortunately, quickly solves. Read the guide on how to Redact Power Of attorney For Banking Transactions Form and get started:
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You are Here > Home > My Retirement > GEPF: Who receives your pension benefits?
GEPF: Who receives your pension benefits?
Feb 1, 2021
GEPF beneficiary nomination formOne of the questions I receive from most retirement fund members is about who has a claim to their retirement funds if they die in service.
As a member of the Government Employees Pension Fund (GEPF) one of the most important documents you need to keep up to date is your beneficiary nomination form. This will inform the trustees as to who your legal and financial dependants are, as well as their contact details. It will make it easier for the fund to make the relevant payments, ensuring your family receives the urgent financial support they need.
It is important to note that while your nomination form can assist the trustees in identifying and contacting beneficiaries, the trustees are still obliged to identify all legal or financial dependants and ensure that the death benefit is distributed equitably amongst the dependants.
The trustees will do an investigation into the dependence of any surviving legal dependants. Legal dependants include a spouse, parents, children, etc. However, anyone who can prove that they were financially dependent on the deceased has a rightful claim on some of the proceeds. This could include a child from another relationship, a parent, or even another partner who was financially supported by the member.
Once the trustees have identified all the dependants, they distribute the benefits according to the level of dependence. For example, if a member of the fund was married and had one adult child who was employed, then the spouse would receive the full benefit.
However, if the child was still living at home, or studying, and therefore dependent on the deceased, then they could have a claim. This does assume that there were no other dependants. Minor children from other marriages or relationships would also be considered in the dependency assessment.
Benefits are based on how long the member was in service at the time of death. If a member dies with less than ten years' service, the lump sum which will be distributed is based on either the member's final salary (average of last two years per definition) or the value of the member's pension in the fund at that time, whichever is greater.
If a member passes away with more than ten years' service, a lump sum (death-in-service gratuity) is paid to beneficiaries and a monthly pension is paid to the spouse. If the member was a single parent, the minor children receive a child's pension.
What does a beneficiary nomination form do?
A nomination form is completed while you are still alive and can only be changed by the member of the fund. It is used to identify potential legal/financial dependants, or other beneficiaries if you do not have any dependants.
If you are not married and do not have children or any other dependants, your gratuity will still be paid out to anyone you choose – including your parents or siblings.
The nomination form does not, however, supersede the responsibly of the trustees to provide for financial dependants.
If, for example, the nominated beneficiaries are not financially dependent on the deceased and there are other financial dependants not included on the form, the nominated beneficiaries may receive no money. Only in cases where there are no legal or financial dependants do the trustees distribute death benefits in line with the beneficiary nomination.
Make sure that the total percentage provided for each beneficiary adds up to 100%. You cannot, for example, nominate three beneficiaries giving them each 50%.
How does one prove financial dependence?
In the case of a spouse and minor children, financial dependency is assumed ‒ no further proof is needed.
Financial dependence can also be proved by a divorce order or by supplying bank statements proving that the deceased paid for certain expenses.
Tuition fees, bond repayments, medical aid and any other expenses that were paid by the deceased can be used to prove financial dependence.
It is important to understand who does not qualify as a financial dependant as this can become a contested issue, especially if there were relationships outside the marriage.
A financial/legal dependant includes:
 - A spouse. In the case of customary marriage, if there are two valid spouses, both of them will get an equal share of both gratuity and annuity.
 - A child under the age of 18, or a child who is still receiving financial support such as tuition.
 - A parent who is receiving financial support.
A financial dependant does not include:
 - An adult child who is not receiving financial support from the member.
 - A former spouse or partner who has not received any financial support and financial support is not stipulated in the divorce agreement.
If there are no financial dependants and the member has specified the beneficiary on the nomination form, then payment would be made.
Scenario 1: A member has adult children from a previous relationship who are not receiving financial support. The member is married and has young children with the current partner.
Likely outcome: The trustees will only consider the spouse and minor children as beneficiaries for distribution.
Scenario 2: A member has adult children from a previous relationship and is paying their tuition. The member is married and has young children with the current partner.
Likely outcome: The trustees will distribute the retirement fund among the spouse, young children and adult children in relation to level of dependency. As each case is treated individually, it depends on how many adult children there are. Adult children are usually given a percentage not exceeding 20% if still studying. The age of children is taken into consideration when percentages are determined. The gratuity will be shared amongst all dependants and the spouse will also receive a monthly pension.
Scenario 3: The member has adult children from a previous relationship who are not receiving financial support. The member is not legally married but living with a long-term partner.
Likely outcome: The long-term partner needs to apply to be recognised as the life partner of the deceased in order to be recognised. If the life partner's application is approved, he/she will receive a share of the gratuity and the monthly pension. In a case where the life partner is not approved but the partner can prove financial dependency on the deceased, the gratuity will be shared among all qualifying dependants, however the partner will not receive the spousal pension.
Where can members get the nomination form?
The nomination form can be obtained from GPAA regional offices, your HR department, or the GEPF website.
Forms can be submitted at the various regional offices, to your HR department, or can be emailed to
Register your spouse or life partner
As your spouse or life partner is entitled to an annuity when you die, it is important that you register him/her by providing your human resources department with either a certified copy of your marriage certificate, customary union certificate, lobola agreement, civil union certificate, or a certificate confirming your marriage in any other religion.
This article was sponsored by the GEPF.
 1. Good day,
 My dad worked for the city of Cape Town for over 22 years and as such, passed away a few days ago.
 I am 20 years old (turning 21 this year) and was his eldest child from his first (and only) marriage until my mom and him divorced and he also had a partner whom he has 2 children with of which are also younger than 18.
 My question is that my dad's family were never in his life and now that he has passed, they're showing up claiming that I am not due anything even though by word of mouth, it was said that I was nominated to get 50% of whatevers my dad was to be paid out but I am not sure how to go about verifying this?
 Ps. In the same sentence, I was advised that because I hurriedly got married about 6 month ago (customary marriage, not legally) I am not entitled to be paid out anything. Can you advise on this or whom it is I would need to query this info with?
 Any help would be much appreciated.
 - Firstly my condolences on the loss your father. The City of Cape Town fund does not fall under GEPF but the pension fund act rules would apply. This means the trustees of the fund will determine who receives the benefits based on financial and legal dependency. Children under the age of 18 would definitely fall under financial and legal dependency. It would depend on the rules of the fund whether you would qualify (some include children under 21 especially if still studying). The mother of the younger children would possibly have a claim either for the support of the children or if she was a financial dependent in her own right. The best thing to do is to submit your details and provide any evidence if he ever supported you or your mother financially (there may be a provision in the divorce agreement). I do not think whether or not you are married would make a big difference unless it is used to prove that you had no financial dependency on him. I would recommend you just deal directly with the fund and ignore the other relatives – they can can submit their own claims.
 2. I am divorced. I have a minor child [age 17]. I am in a long term relationship currently. I have made my fiancé one of the beneficiaries but was told that he will not be guaranteed his share of my pension because my child has to be looked after first, but yet we are financially dependent of each other and he assist financially to support my child because his biological father does not contribute enough. If I die he will not be able to financially support himself or continue to look after my son, although he is not the biological father. We also were told that the biological father will have all the right to my pension which will go into a trust. So how will my fiancé be able


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word for neighbourhood), and the absolute maximum was 44 °C (111 °F) in February. The lowest temperature ever registered in the 21st century was 10 °C (50 °F) in Vila Militar, July 2011. Temperatures below 10 °C (50 °F) are very rare in the city. The temperature varies according to elevation, distance from the coast, and type of vegetation. Winter brings mild temperatures and less rain than in the summer.
Average annual temperature of the sea is 23–24 °C (73–75 °F), from 22 °C (72 °F) in the period July–October to 26 °C (79 °F) in February and March. The wettest and driest months tend to be December and August respectively.
|Climate data for Rio de Janeiro|
|Record high °C (°F)||43
|Average high °C (°F)||29.4
|Daily mean °C (°F)||26.2
|Average low °C (°F)||23.3
|Record low °C (°F)||18
|Rainfall mm (inches)||114.1
|Avg. rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm)||12||9||12||10||8||6||6||6||9||10||11||13||112|
|Mean monthly sunshine hours||195.3||209.1||195.3||165.0||170.5||156.0||182.9||179.8||138.0||158.1||168.0||161.2||2,079.2|
|Source #1: World Meteorological Organization (UN),Hong Kong Observatory|
|Source #2: Weatherbase (record highs and lows, humidity)|
|25 °C (77 °F)||26 °C (79 °F)||26 °C (79 °F)||25 °C (77 °F)||24 °C (75 °F)||23 °C (73 °F)||22 °C (72 °F)||22 °C (72 °F)||22 °C (72 °F)||22 °C (72 °F)||23 °C (73 °F)||25 °C (77 °F)||24 °C (75 °F)|
Europeans first encountered Guanabara Bay on January 1, 1502 (hence Rio de Janeiro, "January River"), by a Portuguese expedition under explorer Gaspar de Lemos captain of a ship in Pedro Álvares Cabral's fleet, or under Gonçalo Coelho. Allegedly the Florentine explorer Amerigo Vespucci participated as observer at the invitation of King Manuel I in the same expedition. The region of Rio was inhabited by the Tupi, Puri, Botocudo and Maxakalí peoples.
In 1555, one of the islands of Guanabara Bay, now called Villegagnon Island, was occupied by 500 French colonists under the French admiral Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon. Consequently, Villegagnon built Fort Coligny on the island when attempting to establish the France Antarctique colony.
The city of Rio de Janeiro proper was founded by the Portuguese on March 1, 1565 and was named São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro, in honor of St. Sebastian, the saint who was the namesake and patron of the then Portuguese Monarch D. Sebastião. Rio de Janeiro was the name of Guanabara Bay. Until early in the 18th century, the city was threatened or invaded by several, mostly French, pirates and buccaneers, such as Jean-François Duclerc and René Duguay-Trouin.
In the late 17th century, still during the Sugar Era, the Bandeirantes found gold and diamonds in the neighboring captaincy of Minas Gerais, thus Rio de Janeiro became a much more practical port for exporting wealth (gold, precious stones, besides the sugar) than Salvador, Bahia, which is much farther to the northeast. And so in 1763, the colonial administration in Portuguese America was moved from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro. The city remained primarily a colonial capital until 1808, when the Portuguese royal family and most of the associated Lisbon nobles, fleeing from Napoleon's invasion of Portugal, moved to Rio de Janeiro. The kingdom's capital was transferred to the city, which, thus, became the only European capital outside of Europe. As there was no physical space or urban structure to accommodate hundreds of noblemen who arrived suddenly, many inhabitants were simply evicted from their homes. There was a large influx of African slaves to Rio de Janeiro: in 1819, there were 145,000 slaves in the captaincy. In 1840, the number of slaves reached 220,000 people.
When Prince Pedro I proclaimed the independence of Brazil in 1822, he decided to keep Rio de Janeiro as the capital of his new empire. Rio continued as the capital of Brazil after 1889, when the monarchy was replaced by a republic. Until the early years of the 20th century, the city was largely limited to the neighborhood now known as the historic Downtown business district (see below), on the mouth of Guanabara Bay. The city's center of gravity began to shift south and west to the so-called Zona Sul (South Zone) in the early part of the 20th century, when the first tunnel was built under the mountains located between Botafogo and the neighborhood now known as Copacabana. Expansion of the city to the north and south was facilitated by the consolidation and electrification of Rio's streetcar transit system after 1905. Botafogo's natural beauty, combined with the fame of the Copacabana Palace Hotel, the luxury hotel of the Americas in the 1930s, helped Rio to gain the reputation it still holds today as a beach party town (though, this reputation has been somewhat tarnished in recent years by favela violence resulting from the narcotics trade). Plans for moving the nation's capital city to the territorial centre had been occasionally discussed, and when Juscelino Kubitschek was elected president in 1955, it was partially on the strength of promises to build a new capital. Though many thought that it was just campaign rhetoric, Kubitschek managed to have Brasília built, at great cost, by 1960. On April 21 that year the capital of Brazil was officially moved from Rio de Janeiro to Brasília.
Between 1960 and 1975 Rio was a city-state under the name Guanabara State (after the bay it borders). However, for administrative and political reasons, a presidential decree known as "The Fusion" removed the city's federative status and merged it with the State of Rio de Janeiro, the territory surrounding the city whose capital was Niterói, in 1975. Even today, some Cariocas advocate the return of municipal autonomy.
The city hosted the 2007 Pan American Games and will host the 2014 FIFA World Cup final. It was announced on October 2, 2009, that Rio will host the 2016 Olympic Games, beating the finalist competitors Chicago, Tokyo, and Madrid. The city will become the first South American city to host the event and the second Latin American city (after Mexico City in 1968) to host the Games. The city will host the World Youth Day in 2013, the second World Youth Day in South America and first in Brazil.
City districts
The city is commonly divided into the historic center (Centro); the tourist-friendly wealthier South Zone (Zona Sul); the residential less wealthy North Zone (Zona Norte); peripheries in the West Zone (Zona Oeste), Santa Cruz and Campo Grande and the wealthy newer American-style Barra da Tijuca district.
Centro is the historic core of the city, as well as its financial centre. Sites of interest include the Paço Imperial, built during colonial times to serve as a residence for the Portuguese governors of Brazil; many historic churches, such as the Candelária Church, (the former cathedral), Sao Jose, Santa Lucia, Nossa Senhora do Carmo, Santa Rita, San Francisco de Paula, and the monasteries of Santo Antonio and Sao Bento. The Centro also houses the modern concrete Rio de Janeiro Cathedral. Around the Cinelândia square, there are several landmarks of the Belle Époque of Rio, such as the Municipal Theatre and the National Library building. Among its several museums, the Museu Nacional de Belas Artes (National Museum of Fine Arts) and the Museu Histórico Nacional (National Historical Museum) are the most important. Other important historical attractions in central Rio include its Passeio Público, an 18th-century public garden. Major streets include Avenida Rio Branco and Avenida Vargas, both constructed, in 1906 and 1942 respectively, by destroying large swaths of the colonial city. A number of colonial streets, such as Rua do Ouvidor and Uruguayana, have long been pedestrian spaces, and the popular Saara shopping district has been pedestrianized more recently.
South Zone
(Portuguese: Zona Sul) is composed of several districts, among which are São Conrado, Leblon, Ipanema, Arpoador, Copacabana, and Leme, which compose Rio's famous Atlantic beach coastline. Other districts in the South Zone are Glória, Catete, Flamengo, Botafogo,


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ESDC Course on Comprehensive Protection of Civilians (CPOC)
Graduates of this course will be provided with a comprehensive understanding of the multiple dimensions and meanings of the protection of civilians.
Courses open for application
08 - 12 November 2021 Online Apply until 19 September 2021
Online Application Form
Participants will enhance knowledge of the actors and their roles and responsibilities in Protection of Civilians and will be in position to identify options for coordination and synergies in the implementation of protection for civilians. They will be able to analyze the specific threats to and the needs and rights of different vulnerable groups of civilians affected by armed conflict to develop and implement context-sensitive, comprehensive, integrated strategies and measures to improve situation of civilians in armed conflict.
The comprehensive approach is also reflected in the high level trainer team which includes international senior civilian, military and police experts, who are present throughout the course and share their practical experience from peace missions and complex emergencies with the participants.
The interactive training style and the high student teacher ratio allows for a maximum learning experience. Furthermore, course participants are drawn from ongoing peace missions all over the world and contribute with the various backgrounds to excellent networking and professional exchange opportunities.
Target group
For midto senior level civilian, military or police experts working directly with or in the context of peace support operations and complex emergencies
Five to seven years work experience with or in the context of a peace mission in a complex emergency context
In Cooperation with


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I'm confused about the words dish and plate. Could someone please explain the difference?
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4 Answers 4
up vote 14 down vote accepted
A plate is a specific type of dish. A dish is generally something that food is eaten or served from. A plate tends to refer specifically to a flat dish that is suitable for holding food that does not have a high liquid content. The other common type of dish is a bowl. A bowl will be similar to a hollow sphere cut in half and is useful for serving soups and other foods with high liquid content which would run off of a plate.
A large plate intended for serving food may be referred to as a platter.
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_USER_ gives a good explanation of what they mean as pieces of crockery. They can also both mean — drat, I can't find a good synonym now! — let's say, menu items you might order at a restaurant:
My favourite dish at the Murray Avenue Grill is their spinach salad with candied pecans.
The Ketchery has the best seafood plate in town.
These arose in obvious metonymy from the crockery usage, but have developed specific connotations. Dish in this sense is much more general, and used (afaik) across most or all of the English-speaking world. Plate is less usual, and more associated (I think) with North American usage, and with fancier restaurant subcultures.
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Good point! I had totally forgotten about those usages. Defining words is not nearly as easy as it seems like it should be from the outside. – aaronasterling Dec 6 '10 at 21:37
DISH : 1. An open, generally shallow concave container for holding, cooking, or serving food. 2. The food served or contained in a dish: a dish of ice cream.
PLATES : 1.A plate is a specific type of dish. 2.a shallow, usually circular dish, often of earthenware or porcelain, from which food is eaten. 3.the contents of such a dish; plateful. 4.an entire course of a meal served on such a dish: I had the vegetable plate for lunch.
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Like many other words in the English language, there is a confusion from time to time about the real, or exact, meaning of terms. Here's what I think:
"Dish" is more of the generic term, as in "dish washer", "set of dishes", "main dish", etc.; however, while talking about dishes, cups are cups, saucers are saucers, bowls of any kind are always bowls, serving platters are always platters; however, in the group of dishes, there are "plates" which are noticeably larger than dishes and generally accommodate several kinds of food but are never used for serving food. One, I suppose, could call anything rather flat as a "dish" and never be wrong, which is not the case for "plate".
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protected by Clark Kent Jun 3 '12 at 9:58
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Although Pepsi Logo and Korean flag look similar nowadays, but they are originated differently, and by tracing the chronology, we can see they are originated from different concept:
Here is the Pepsi logo chronology:
Here is South Korean flag chronology:
(note the dramatic flag changes during the world war period (1910~1945) because Korea was conquered by Japan at that time)
As we can see, Pepsi's original logo design include a wave-like pattern and adapts 3 colors (red, white and blue) with letters in the middle. And the symbol later on being simplified by taking out the letters.
On the other hand, Korean flag is based on the simplified concept of Taichi and Bagua from ancient Chinese culture. And the white color is not an element in the flag center.
:D So next time would you think of South Korea when you drink Pepsi?
New Pepsi commercial featuring Super Junior-M, Show Luo, Lee Jun Ki, Louis Koo, Jolin Tsai and Huang Xiao Ming


text:
At the most case scenario, companies migrate leads from RD Station to Pipedrive when attends certain aspects of a MQL. This automation create or update a lead on RD Station every time that you create a new deal on Pipedrive.
- 1. Pluga keeps an eye on every deal created on your Pipedrive.
- 2. When this occur, we will create or update the lead on RD Station.
- 3. Remember: when you create your automation, you can define the event name of the lead converted. [example: "novo_deal_pipedrive"], what helps you to include this lead in a certain automation pipeline on RD Station!


text:
Almost everyone today carries a camera wherever they go for capturing the moment and sharing it with others. So, what if you were able to take a snapshot of your marriage, giving you an immediate look at 10 different areas of your marriage? That's why we designed Marriage Snapshot for couples.
The process is quite simple. To begin taking your Marriage Snapshot survey, just follow the next steps:
1. Click on the REGISTER button below to create an account.
2. Enter your user specific code.
3. Begin the Marriage Snapshot survey.
4. Connect with your spouse by sending them a personal "invite".


text:
Mouse cursors let you simulate mouse movements in your Articulate Storyline courses. They're great for software training and simulations.
Choose from a gallery of cursor styles. Add sounds and visual effects. Control the path, timing, and speed of mouse movements. You're in command.
- Adding Mouse Cursors
- Changing Cursor Styles
- Adding Mouse-Clicking Sounds
- Adding Visual Click Effects
- Changing the Path of Mouse Movements
- Changing the Timing and Speed of Mouse Movements
There are two ways to add mouse cursors to a project.
- Storyline automatically adds mouse cursors to screen recordings when you insert them as step-by-step slides. You can adjust mouse cursor styles, effects, paths, timings, and speeds. (See the following sections for details.)
- You can also add mouse cursors manually, just where you need them.
To add a mouse cursor manually, go to the Insert tab on the ribbon, click Mouse, and choose a cursor style. It'll automatically appear on your slide.
Tip: Only one mouse cursor can be added to each slide, and it must be added to the base layer of the slide. Mouse cursors aren't supported on layers or slide masters.
To change the style of a cursor, select the mouse object on the slide, go to the Format tab on the ribbon, and choose a different style from the Cursors gallery.
Want to use your own cursor image? Just click Browse for Cursors at the bottom of the Cursors gallery, then select a file on your computer with a *.cur or *.ani extension.
When the mouse reaches the end of its path, it can play a single-click or double-click sound, or you can omit the clicking sound altogether.
Select the mouse object on the slide, go to the Format tab on the ribbon, and click None, Single, or Double.
To show an animated click effect at the end of a mouse movement, go to the Format tab on the ribbon and mark the box to Show Click Effects. Uncheck it if you don't want to simulate a mouse click.
Choose the direction of the mouse movement and whether its path is curved or straight.
- Select the mouse object on the slide. When a mouse object is selected, you'll see its path represented by a black line.
- Go to the Format tab on the ribbon and mark the Straight Pointer Path box to make the mouse move in a straight line. Uncheck it to move the mouse in a curved line.
- To set the direction of a mouse cursor's motion, use the Enter From selector to choose an entrance point.
Tip: If the Enter From selector is grayed-out, it's because the direction of the mouse movement is already determined by the previous slide. When you have consecutive slides with mouse cursors, the end point of the first will be the beginning point of the next.
A mouse cursor is visible for the entire duration of a slide. However, you can change when its movement starts and ends. You can also make it slow down before the end of its path.
- Select the mouse object in the timeline.
- Drag its left edge along the timeline to adjust when its movement begins. Drag its right edge along the timeline to adjust when its movement ends.
- Unlike other Storyline objects, the beginning and ending of a cursor's movement is controlled by the timeline, not the appearance and disappearance of the cursor itself.
- By adjusting the timing of a cursor's movement, you're also controlling its speed. A shorter duration results in a faster motion, and a longer duration results in a slower motion.
- If you want the mouse movement to slow down just before the end of its path, go to the Format tab on the ribbon and mark the box to Reduce Speed Before Click.


Version: 2019.2
Additional (or sixth) mouse button.
Use this for detecting mouse button presses. The "5" mouse button is the sixth button on the user's mouse if this additional button exists. Unity defines this as the "5" Mouse button, as the mouse Button numbering begins at 0.
using UnityEngine;
public class Example : MonoBehaviour { void Update() { //Detect if the extra mouse button is pressed if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.Mouse5)) { Debug.Log("Mouse 5 "); } } }


Measuring O3 Output
25th Apr 2020
How to Measure Ozone Output
We are commonly asked how to measure output or verify that an ozone generator produces the amount of ozone the manufacturer claims. This tech sheet will cover how to measure the output of your high concentration ozone generator.
It is key to understand that the output of an ozone generator is almost always measured in grams per hour (g/hr), also known as ozone output. The ozone measurement instrument will read Ozone Concentration: % by weight or grams per meter cubed (g/m3). To mathematically determine the g/hr (Ozone Output) from % by weight or g/m3 (Ozone Concentration), you will need to determine the flow rate of the ozone generator in liters per minute (lpm).
The calculations to use when you have determined the gas flow rate and concentration are below:
From % by weight using oxygen as a feed gas:
Ozone Output (g/hr) = (( lpm x 0.001) x 60) x (14.3 x % by weight)
From % by weight using dry air as a feed gas:
Ozone Output (g/hr) = (( lpm x 0.001) x 60) x (12.8 x % by weight)
From g/m3:
Ozone Output (g/hr) = ((lpm x 60) x 0.001) x g/m3
Another resource we offer is a handy online calculator. Just enter your flow and concentration values and we do the work!
Note: When using % by weight to measure ozone concentration, the calculation to determine Ozone Output is different because the density of the gas is different. Due to the difference in the density of the gas, there are separate conversion formulas used to determine the output of an ozone generator (as shown above).
Ozone Measurement Device
A related question is which ozone measurement device should be used to facilitate these measurements. The short answer is, only a high concentration ozone analyzer. Note that the units of measure used are: % by weight and g/m3. This is due to the high concentrations of ozone produced by most ozone generators. We are also asked why parts per million (ppm) is not used as a unit of measure. Let me provide a quick example using a very small ozone generator.
An ozone generator producing 2 g/hr ozone from 10 lpm of air would produce 0.26% ozone concentration.
2 g/hr = ((10 lpm x 0.001) x 60) x (12.8 x 0.26% by weight)
0.26% ozone = 1573 ppm conversion info here
At only 2 g/hr of ozone output the ppm value is already 1573 ppm. The parts per million (ppm) unit of measure is just not conducive to these calculations. Therefore, it is rarely, if ever; used when calculating generator output.
The high concentrations that are created limit the number of ozone measurement devices that can be used, which is why the process is restricted to high concentration UV ozone analyzers.
Components Needed
 - Mass Flow Meter will measure overall gas flow accurately for a flow measurement
 - 0 - 2 ppm Flow Meter will regulate and measure gas flow through the ozone analyzer
 - Ozone Analyzer will measure the ozone concentration in % by weight or g/m3
 - Ozone Destruct Unit will convert ozone back to oxygen to safely be vented into the air
Other Important Considerations
When choosing an ozone analyzer, ensure that the analyzer you are purchasing operates within the range that you will be operating within. Some ozone analyzers are limited to low ranges only, so ensure that you choose a device capable of reading a higher concentration of ozone than you will ever need to measure.
Also ensure that the analyzer you are purchasing will measure ozone concentration using the units of measure that you desire. If choosing an analyzer that measures ozone in percent (%) by weight, be sure to specify whether you are using oxygen or dry air gas. Some analyzers may be only factory configurable and cannot be configured by the user.
Gas flow is a very critical component of the calculations used to measure ozone output. A small deviation in actual flow measurement will result in a large error in the resulting ozone output figure. Since this is such an important value, we recommend using a high quality Mass Flow Meter to measure the total gas flow entering the ozone generator. A mass flow meter will measure total gas flow. This measurement is also pressure compensated to eliminate that potential variable. Using the mass flow meter prior to the ozone generator will remove the possibility of ozone corroding the delicate components inside the mass flow meter.
Most high concentration ozone analyzers will only require a very small gas flow rate. This will require a small flow meter to regulate and measure that gas flow. An advantage of this small flow rate is that the ozone analyzer could be used as an on-line measurement device. If the ozone generator uses a gas flow rate of 20 lpm and the analyzer will only consume 1 lpm for accurate measurement, this set-up only requires a 5% slipstream of the ozone gas.


text:
by Simon Peth, Harald Sterly and Patrick Sakapoldrak
This paper explores the mobilities and structural moorings of Thai labour migrants in Singapore from a translocal perspective. We argue that combining the mobilities paradigm with the concept of translocality offers a fruitful avenue of investigation not only of the production of translocal spaces, but also of their temporality and mutability. Through a multi-sited research approach we shed light on the genesis as well as the decay of translocal connections. This paper shows that translocal structures are important moorings of migration, and raises the question of what happens to translocal spaces when migration flows dissolve.


text: Using a structural dynamic programming model, we investigate the relative importance of family background variables and individual specific abilities in explaining cross-sectional differences in schooling attainments and wages. Given scholastic ability, household background variables (especially parents' education) account for 68% of the explained crosssectional variations in schooling attainments. When the effects of household background variables on ability are also taken into account, the percentage raises to 85%. However, individual differences in wages are mostly explained by abilities. Only 27% of the explained variation in wages is accounted for by parents? background variables as opposed to 73% by unobserved abilities (orthogonal to family background variables). When scholastic ability is correlated with family background variables, ability endowments explain as much as 81% of individual wages.


text:
Some quick facts about Tirupati Laddu
- Around 150,000 laddus are made daily.
- One laddu is given free to each devotee; the number of daily devotees that visit the temple is around 50,000.
- A devotee can buy extra two laddus – a small laddu costs 25 rupees and big laddu costs 100 rupees.
- The revenue from the sale of laddu annually is more than 11 million rupees.
- Each laddu weighs around 100gms and is huge when compared with the normal laddu found in shops.
- There is a super huge Tirupati Laddu known as Kalyana Laddu and it weighs around 500gms – ½ a kilogram.
- Single largest laddu made is said to have weighed 32 kg.
- The tradition of Tirupati Laddu is nearly 300 years old.
- It is prepared by special hereditary priests known as archakas in special temple kitchen known as 'potu'.
- Ingredients used in Tirupati Laddu are Besan flour (kadalai mavu), Sugar, Cashew nuts, Cardamom, Ghee, Oil, Sugar candy, Raisins and Almonds.
On a day around 5000 kg of Besan flour is used.
Sugar around 10000 kg.
Cashew nuts around 600 kg.
Cardamom 150 kg
Ghee 300 liters
Sugar candy 400 kg
Raisins 540 kg
- The ingredients are bought at the auction at the Commodities and Spices Exchange in
Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams (TTDs) the administrating body of the temple is planning to patent the Tirupati Laddu to stop counterfeits.


What Does VR Mean on Nikon Lens?
What Does VR Mean on Nikon Lens?
If you are new to Nikon cameras, you must have come across the VR code and asked yourself, "What does VR mean on Nikon lenses?" A quick lookup on the Internet will tell you that it stands for Vibration Reduction. Simply put, it is an anti-camera shake technology that also goes by the name Image Stabilization (IS) in Canon cameras and Optical SteadyShot (OSS) in Sony cameras.
While that seems to tell you what VR is for sufficiently, we'd like to go further and explain just a little bit more of the anti-camera shake feature for Nikon lenses and what it truly means for you and your shots.
What Does VR Mean on Nikon Lenses?
Long before the invention of anti-camera shake features in cameras, blurred shots were a common problem for long lenses, handheld shooting, and dim lighting. While the use of a tripod, faster shutter speed, and higher ISO helped. Still, a good number of the shots were wasted.
In the year 2000, Nikon found a solution to this problem, making way for higher success in those conditions through its version of the camera shake correction mechanism, the Vibration Reduction (VR) technology.
The VR technology is an optical innovation that provides the equivalent of three to four stops compensation, which affords you sharper photos. Through built-in special motion sensors in the lens itself, it corrects lens, camera, and hand vibration when you're shooting at slow shutter speeds.
Because of the extra three to four stops it affords you, the VR technology also lets you play around with the aperture or exposure metering function of your camera. On an overcast day, for example, you can use an f/8 aperture instead of an f/2 for greater depth-of-field. Similarly, you can also use a lower ISO setting for higher image quality.
While VR doesn't solve all blurring problems, it greatly increases the percentage for getting crisp and more explicit pictures. Shooting in very slow shutter speeds, for example, will still result in overlapping images. Working with VR though, in such case, still brings an improvement.
The same is true when taking action shots or when you're working with moving objects since the science behind the tech only reduces your motion, not your subject's. There is something though that you can do as a workaround. If you couple VR technology with faster shutter speeds and higher ISO, you can up your chances of striking gold. Using a continuous shutter mode, too, will fetch you more clear shots to choose from.
How Does VR work?
The anti-shake technology of Nikon is different compared to other brands. Nikon's VR is integrated into the lens itself, whereas other brands have them in the camera body.
So, how does it work? Once the shutter-release button is pressed halfway, the built-in VR sensor and lens group are activated. Two angular velocity sensors send velocity data to the lens microcomputer that computes the compensation needed to correct the detected vertical (pitch) and horizontal (yaw) movements. Then, the data is sent to the voice coil motors (VCM) that move the VR lens unit according to the algorithm. And when the shutter-release button is fully pressed, another algorithm is used to maximize blur correction during exposure.
Nikon has two main reasons for integrating the VR technology into the lens. First is it to provide you a clear and stable image right from the viewfinder. This makes focusing on your subject and exposure metering smooth, comfortable, and precise. Second is that VR units are optimized for each lens. Micro, zoom, and telephoto lens don't get the same treatment but are fitted with VR units specific to its function. With other brands where the VR counterpart is in the camera body, it provides you a one-size-fits-all solution.
Whether it makes a significant difference if the image stabilization technology is in the lens or the body is a subject for another discussion. Still, you have to be wary of the phrase "anti-shake," which is being used loosely by other brands that get away with no real image stabilization mechanism. What they have is just a semblance of it, achieved by boosting the ISO that results in faster shutter speeds.
When Working on a Tripod, Do You Need to Turn Off VR?
If you are using a tripod, then turning on or off the VR will not have any effect on your shots. Remember, a camera shake correction technology like VR serves as a "tripod" or image stabilizer.
There are times though when you can still benefit from the VR mechanism even if you're already using a tripod. Windy conditions are one of them. Unstable footing for your tripod is another. Working with long lenses is another case, where mirror or shutter movement can cause vibration and affect your shot. In fact, Nikon's three super-telephoto lenses offer a tripod vibration reduction mode; whereas, with other Nikon lenses you can choose only between normal and active modes. Check out our article about top 3 best Tripod picks.
How Does VR and VR II Differ?
Obviously, VR II is an upgrade of the original VR technology. Besides that, here are the specific details you need to know:
 - VR II zoom lenses come with a lock switch on the side to prevent "creeping," which was an annoying problem for zoom lenses with the original VR technology. The lock translates to no unintentional lens adjustment when you have the camera slung over your shoulder or when you're shooting upwards.
 - The first VR technology fetches you three stops compensation; whereas, VR II gets you the equivalent of four stops.
 - VR II offers you better image stabilization and image quality than the older version.
 - VR II lenses also have the quieter operation than its predecessor.
So what does VR mean on Nikon lenses? It means convenient and precise focusing and exposure metering. With the need to use a tripod reduced, it also translates to more mobility. And most importantly, it means sharper and better quality images right from the viewfinder to the actual shots with the correction of the lens, camera, and hand movement.
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Steve - January 10, 2019 Reply
Many thanks for this excellent explanation.. Extremely helpful.
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Skip to definition.
Noun: conjurer kón-ju-ru(r) or kún-ju-ru(r) [N. Amer], kún-ju-ru(r) [Brit]
 1. Someone who performs magic tricks to amuse an audience
 - magician, prestidigitator, conjuror, illusionist
 2. A witch doctor who practices conjury
 - conjuror, conjure man
Derived forms: conjurers
Type of: performer, performing artist, witch doctor
Encyclopedia: Conjurer


text:
Origin and Etymology of mere
Examples of mere in a Sentence
the mere idea of your traveling alone to Europe is ridiculous
Definition of -mere
MERE Defined for English Language Learners
Definition of mere for English Language Learners
—used to say that something or someone is small, unimportant, etc.
—used to say that something small is important or has a big effect or influence
MERE Defined for Kids
Definition of mere for Students
- mere rumors
- a mere child
Seen and Heard
What made you want to look up mere? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).


Use purport when you want to convince people about something that might not be true, like when you purport that the dog ate your homework.
The verb purport can mean "to claim" — whether you mean it or not — or "to intend," like when you purport to study all night. So it makes sense that as a noun, purport means the intention or purpose, like the purport of a political candidate's speech was to get your vote. If the speech was long and hard to follow, you might be lucky just to get the purport, which here means "the main point or meaning."
Definitions of purport
v have the often specious appearance of being, intending, or claiming
"The letter purports to express people's opinion"
Type of:
assert or affirm strongly; state to be true or existing
v propose or intend
aim, propose, purpose
Type of:
intend, mean, think
have in mind as a purpose
n the intended meaning of a communication
intent, spirit
Type of:
import, meaning, significance, signification
the message that is intended or expressed or signified
n the pervading meaning or tenor
Type of:
strain, tenor
the general meaning or substance of an utterance
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text:
The algorithm for extracting number plate can be summarized as:-
- 1.Capture image from webcam.
- 2.Store the captured image into a image file for further processing.
- 1.Identify the intensity of the image.
If image intensity = high Reduce intensity Else if intensity = low Increase intensity Else No change.2.Convert image into grayscale.
- 3.Calculate appropriate threshold value for the image.
- 4.Convert the image into binary image using the calculated threshold.
- 1.Fill small holes including numbers of Number plate so that number plate area will be large to isolate from figure. 2.Determine width and height of the image. 3.Scan each pixel of line counting number of white pixels in the following system,
If number of 'white' pixels < x; pixels become 'black' Else; no change If number of 'white' pixels > y; pixels become 'black' Else; no change The value of x and y may be changed according the image intensity and plate area.4. Use the step no. 3 for both horizontal and vertical direction.
- 5.Check number of possible areas.
- 6. Logically AND with binary image obtained at "Convert image into binary algorithm.
- 7.Crop the required area.
- 1.Filter the noise level present in the image.
- 2.Clip the plate area in such a way that only numbers of plate area extracted.
- 3.Separate each character from the plate.
- 1.Create the template file from the stored template images.
- 2.Resize image obtained from segmentation to the size of template.
- 3.Compare each character with the templates.
- 4.Store the best matched character.
- 1.Open a text file in write mode (append mode in case of the multiple records).
- 2.Store the character obtained from the number identification process to text file in given format.
- 3.Close the file
Pic 1:- Number plate that is to be extracted.
Open the main.m file in MATLAB.
Now run the main.m file in the MATLAB. It may prompt you to change the default directory. You can either change folder or Add to Path. Better change the directory.
You will get a messagebox showing the extracted number plate. Message box like this:-
The log file ( log.txt ) is maintained to keep track of the saved number plates ( which can be used in application level ). The log file content contains the number plate with the date saved.
In main.m there are certain lines which when commented can be used to see the step by step characters extraction.
Feel free to ask any queries if any problem occurred. I am using MATLAB 7.12.0 (R20011a) but it should work in all version.
Download the whole project here.
The project involving the number plate extraction :- ANPR(Automatic Number Plate Recognition) Using ALR(Automatic Line Tracking Robot).


ConnectionManagementElement.MaxConnection Property
Gets or sets the maximum number of connections that can be made to a remote computer.
Namespace: System.Net.Configuration
Assembly: System (in System.dll)
[ConfigurationPropertyAttribute("maxconnection", IsRequired = true,
 DefaultValue = 1)]
public int MaxConnection { get; set; }
Property Value
Type: System.Int32
An integer that specifies the maximum number of connections.
This property specifies how many simultaneous connections are allowed between the local computer and the remote computer. The remote computer is specified using the Address property.
The MaxConnection property is per WebRequest.ConnectionGroupName. If an application is not changing WebRequest.ConnectionGroupName from the default, then the MaxConnection property applies to the entire application domain. If only a single application domain is running in your application, then the MaxConnection property setting is application-wide.
.NET Framework
Available since 2.0
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text:
The Thickness of Aluminum Foil Lab
In the study of Chemistry, we encounter very large and very small numbers. For example, the size of a molecule or thin layer of molecules is very, very small and difficult to measure directly.
In order to "measure" such numbers, we often use one measured quantity and another known property to calculate the unknown value. In this experiment, we will use this approach to calculate the thickness of various types of aluminum foil, a quantity whose direct experimental determination is not possible with common laboratory equipment.
By measuring the mass of a piece of foil and by calculating its area, the thickness of the foil can be obtained from these quantities and the known density of aluminum, 2.70 g/cm3.
Show your work and express answers with the correct number of significant figures and proper units.
1. Find the volume of a block with the dimensions L = 9.16 cm, W = 3.65 cm, H = 1.01 cm.
2. If the density of a substance is 0.734 g/cm3 and the volume of the substance is 21.45 cm3, find its mass.
3. Determine the thickness of a rectangular piece of paper with an area of 45.3 cm2 and a volume of 7.7 X 10-3 cm3. (Hints: rewrite the formula for volume as length X width X thickness. Also, what is the formula for area?)
1. Cut 2 rectangular pieces of regular aluminum foil and 2 rectangular pieces of heavy-duty aluminum foil. Be sure that the dimensions are at least 10 cm on each side. Record the type (e.g. Reynolds Heavy Duty, Schnucks Regular) of each piece of aluminum foil in the data table below.
2. Using the ruler, carefully measure the length and width of each piece of foil. Record the measurements in your data table. Take care to record your measurements with the appropriate number of significant figures. Record the length and width of each piece of aluminum foil in the data table below.
3. Using a balance, find...
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Why do I feel small crystals or hard lumps inside my new Boveda?
A brand-new Boveda is pliable, jelly-like and "squishy." Sometimes you might also feel some small crystals or lumps inside the pack, which is totally normal. Your Boveda is still safe to use.
Here's why crystals can form inside a new Boveda: The signature formula inside Boveda is a saturated saltwater solution. We add all-natural salts and a food-safe thickener to purified water then seal it all in a leakproof membrane. When we combine the ingredients and fill the membrane, sometimes an excess of those blended salts will mix with the water. As a result, small salt crystals that feel like hard lumps can occasionally form. Additionally, changes in temperature or other conditions can create recrystallization of the salts. This can feel like regular table salt or occasionally like coarse sea salt.
Any crystals in Boveda won't impact the performance, effectiveness or shelf life of the 2-way humidity control. In the rare event that the crystals become sharp and puncture the pouch, please reach out to us. We'll make it right at no cost. We're good like that.